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EK-0LN03-RM-2

January 1985

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Document:	LN03 Programmer Reference Manual
Order Number:	EK-0LN03-RM
Revision:	2
Pages:	246
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-OLNO3-RM-002

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, January 1985
2nd Edition, November 1985

Printed in U.S.A.
The reproduction of this material, in part or whole, is strictly prohibited. For copy information,

contact the Educational Services Department, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard,
Massachusetts 01754.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Digital Equipment

Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
FCC Notice
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used

properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause

interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with

the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of

part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential installation. Compliance with the FCC Class B technical
requirements is dependent upon the use of interconnecting cables specified in the User/

Installation manual. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a

particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio ortelevision reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following methods.
Reorient the receiving antenna.
Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
Move the computer away from the receiver.
Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on
different branch circuits.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts.

@fl@flfin )

DECwriter

DIBOL
LA
MASSBUS

Professional
Rainbow
RSTS

VAX
VMS
VT

DECUS

PDP

RSX

Work Processor

DEC
DECmate
DECnet

P/OS

UNIBUS
AT

~ CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

vii

CHAPTER 1 FEATURES
1.1

1.2
1.3

An Overview

Printer Components, Controls, and ndwmors

Specifications 11

CHAPTER2 COMMUNICATION
2.1

The LNO3 and Ymur Host Campumr 14

2.2

Data Format

2.3

Data Interface 15

2.4

Configuration Switch Packs

2.5

Data Synchronization

CHAPTER 3
3.1

CHAHACTER CODE PflOGEfi&ING

Receiving 7-Bit and 8-Bit Data 25

3.2

Printable Chamcters

3.3

Control Characters

3.4

Escape Sequences, Cmmrol S@qumws‘and Device

3.5

CHAPTER4

32
33

Control Strings 38

Sending and Mwawmg 7-Bit and 8-Bit Data

SELECTING cumAc'ren‘"E‘rsAND r-'onm

4.1

Before You Start 46

4.2

Character Sets, Fonts, and Fant Files
Selecting Graphnc Character Sets

Loading, Asslgmng, and Saimtmg Font Files

4.5

Deleting Type Family or Font Files (DECDTFF)

4.6

Font Status

4.7

Selmting ,ant Sima

PRINTING commmg

Printing Features Yau CanChanga 66

5.3

5.4

Spacing

Set/Reset Mode 66
Select Size Unit (SSU)

5.2

4.4

5.1

4.3

CHAPTER 5

iv.

5.5

CONTENTS

Page Print Area and Margins

~ Active Column and Active Line

102

5.7

Tab Stops

5.8

Product Identification (DA)

110

Printer Status

5.9

108

111

5.10

Selecting Character Attributes

5.11

Justification (JFY)

5.12
5.13

5.14

CHAPTER 6

Drawing Vectors (DECVEC)
- Reset

121

115

118

120

Initial Values and States

121

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPchs

126

6.1

Printing Graphs and Drawings

6.2

Selecting Sixel Mode

6.3

How the Host Computer Sends Sixel Data

6.4

How the Printer Decodes Sixel Data

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

126

127

131

134

CHARACTER SETS

141

ESCAPE SEQUENCE AND CONTROL SEQUENCE

159

SUMMARY

APPENDIXC

COMPARING LN0O3 CONTROL FUNCTIONs WITH

177

OTHER DIGITAL PRINTERS
APPENDIX D

LNO3 BUILT-IN TYPE FAMILY iDs, FONT le, AND

FONT FILE IDs

D.1

Built-In Font File IDs for theLNoa | 1,85 |

D.2

Type Family Names

D.3

Built-In LNO3 Type Family Names Type Family IDs,

185

Font IDs, and Font File IDs

APPENDIXE

185

187

SUMMARY SHEET

189

E.1

Printing the Summary Sheet

E.2

Summary Sheet Contents

E.3

Sample Summary Sheet 190

189

HELPFUL mm'sPflflfi EM@ N s.wnons

APPENDIX F

F.1

195

Helpful Hnts195

F.2

Problems and Smutions 198

F.3

Examples of LN03Camm Fumctwns

GLOSSARY

200

o : o

211

INDEX OF PRINTING COMMANDS
INDEX

219

i as

Printer Components (Part2)

1-2
2-1
2-2

~
8
Indicator Panel
15
Serial Character Format
Summary Sheet Test Pattern

2-3

3-1

Configuration Switches

7-BitCode

3-3

8-Bit ASCIl Code Table

3-4

8-Bit Code

3-5

7-Bit ASCll Code Table

3-2

223

Printer Components (Part1)

1-1

DECMultinational Chwmmr Bat (Left Half)

DEC Multinational Character Set(Right Half)
4-1

ROM-Resident Character Sets and Fonts

4-2

Selecting Character Sets

4-3

Invoking Character Sets(7-Bit Mode)

4-4

Invoking Character Sets (8-Bit Mww)

5-1

Vertical PitchExample

5-2

5-3

5-4

HorizontalPitch Example

Page Printing Orientation

85 ,

Page Printing Area

6-1

Three Bytes
ofData in Buffer

A-1

7-Bit ASCIlCharacter Set

A-2

United Kingdom Character S@t

A-3

Dutch Character Set

A-4

132

142

143

144

Finnish Character Set 145

A-5
A-6

A-7

French Character Set 146
French Canadian Character
Set 147 German Character Set

148

CONTENTS

A-8
A-9

Italian Character Set 149
Japanese (JIS Roman) Oharacwr S«t

150

A-10

Norwegian/Danish Character Set

151

A-11
A-12
A-13

Spanish Character Set 152
DEC Supplemental Character Set
Swedish Character Set 154

153

A-14

Swiss Character Set

A-15

DEC Technical Character Set

155

A-16

VT100 Line Drawing (DEC Specral Graphrcs) Character

156

Set

A-17

ISO Norwegian/Danish Character Set

157

E-1

Summary Sheet Test Pattern

191

1-1

LNO3 Printer Components

158

TABLES
IS

1-2

Indicator Panel Symbols

2-1

LNO3 Interface Signals

3-1

CO Control Characters

3-2

C1 Control Characters

3-3

Equivalent 7-Bit and 8-Bit Control Characters

4-1

Designating Character Sets

4-2

Locking-Shift and Single-Shift Control Functions

5-1

Sequences With Spacing Parameters

Maximum Form Length

5-3

Minimum Paper Dimensions (PFS Fmrmats)

5-4

PFS Pixel Values for Margins and Page Positions

5-5

Typical Page Formats with PFS and Spacing

5-6

-Device Status Report Error Codes

5-7

Initial Operating Values

122

6-1

Fixed Grid Sizes (Ps1)

128

6-2

ANSI Graphic Control Characters

6-3

Private Graphic Control Characters

6-4

Printable Dot Patterns for Sixel Mode

B-1

LNO3 Escape and Control Sequences 160

C-1

Comparing the LNO3 Printer With Other Drgltali

D-1

Font File ID Fields

D-2

Built-In Font File IDs

E-1

Operational Error Codes and Conditrcms

Printers

178

5-2

Sequences

113

:
129
130
135

|
186

187
i

E-2

Loopback Diagnostic Error Codes

E-3

Self-Test Diagnostics, Fatal Error Codes

192

193
194

INTRODUCTION
This manual describes how to use the LNO3 printer with a host computer. The
text provides information on how the prmter communicates with the host,

processes charaoters and responds to @scape and mntm sequences You
use escape and control sequences to send cmmmands to the printer.

WHO SHOULH READ THIS MANUAL

The manual is mtend@d for the applzcatton programmar To use the manual,
you should have some understand ngm c«mput@r pmgrammmg
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
The following paragraphs provide a brief overview of the manual.

NOTE: The LNO3 printer provides a variety of features, including several

character sets and fonts. However, to take advantage of these features, your
computer system must ha ve softwam th«at can g@naratev the cammands in this
manual.

Chapter 1 describes the general operating features and specifications of the
printer. The chapter describes and shows the printer’'s components and

controls.

Chapter 2 describes how the printer communicates with a host computer. The

chapter also mplams the functions of theprmmr S canfuguratmn switches.

These sw:tchas let you set up the printer to communicate with yourcomputer.
Chapter 3 desacnbes how the printer processes characters. Among the topics

covered are escape and control sequence formats, control characters, and 7bit and 8-bit character sets.

viii

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 4 describes how to print from different character sets and fonts. The
chapter describes the commands and procedures to load font files from the
host computer.

Chapter 5 describes how to format your printed pages. The chapter lists and
describes commands for features such as spacing, margins, tabs, line drawing,

Chékpter 6 describes how you can print sixel graphics. You should have some

understanding of sixel printing to use this information. The chapter explains
how the printer converts binary data to sixel data.
SRS,

Appendix A shows the different character sets the LNO3 printer can print from.

Appendux B pmv:des a summaryof aI the commands descr bed in this manual
This appendix is a quick reference tool you can use after you become farmliar
with how LNO3 commands work.

Appendix C compares the commands used by the LN03 and csther Dlguta
printers. The LNO3 has a reasonable amount of oompatlbuhty wnth other Digital
printers, such as the LA100 and LQP03. However, there are some differences
in the way the printers handle the various control functions.

Appendix D describes how the LNO3 identifies type families, font"é and font
files. Thns appendnx also lists the IDs for the built-in type families, fonts, and
font fles

Append x E descnbes and shows a sample summary sheet you can pnmt on

your LNO3. A summary sheet lists such information as fonts available in the
printer and error codes. This appendix also lists the possible error codes.

Appendix F contains helpful hints, a problem-solving section, and examplesgf
how to use basic LNO3 control functions.

Tha gossarydefmes terms as they are used in thls manuafi Wards bhat appear
in the glossary are prmted initalic type in the manual
i
o

INTRODUCTION

OTHER LN03 MANUALS

You can order the following LNO3 manuals from Digital.

LNO3 ngrahmar‘ Reference Card
LNO3 Operator Reference Card

"
'

EK-LNO3P-RC

EK-OLNO3-RC

Installing and Using the LNO3

Standards

LNO3 coding complies with the following ANSI (American National Standards
Institute) and ISO (International Standards Organization) standards.
Standard

Topic

ANSI X3.98 - 1983

Page image format controls

ANSI X3.64 - 1979
ANSI X3.4

i
Bt

ASCII

Additional controls

ISO DIS 6937/3

ISO 6429 -1983

Additional controls
‘

Page image format

This manual follows the ANSI and ISO standards of column and row to
represent coded characters from a character set. The column can be 0 to 15

(decimal) for the high-order 4-bits of an 8-bit byte. The row can be
0 to 15

(decimal) for the low-order 4-bits of the 8-bit byte. Chapter 3 describes this
format

detail.

INTRODUCTION

Control Codes

BEMT

The LNO3 can send andreceive 8-bit data. When youuse an tmmt data format
you have more control codes available than in a 7-bit format. You can send 8-—

bit control codes as single 8-bit characters or as 7-bit sequences.

In this manual, 8-bit control codes appear as single 8-bit characters. Here are

three important 8-bit control codes and their equwaient 7-bit sequances Chap-—
ter 3 describes control codes in detail.

8-Bit

Control Code

Character

Control sequence

introducer

7-Bit

Sequence

CSl

ESC [

9/11

1/11

5/11

Device control

DCS

ESC

string introducer

9/0

1/11

5/0

String terminator

ESC \

9/12

1/11

5/12

Escape and Control Sequences

Escape and control sequences appear in their 8-bit format. The chamcters in

the sequence are printed in bold type. Below each character is a number that
shows you the character’'s column/row location in the DEC multinational char-

acter set. Chapwr 3 describes this format in detail.

Exampla

CSi

<«+——— Control sequence

9/11

2/1

7/0

<«—— Location in the DEC multinational
character set

Row

Column

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.2

1.3

An Overview

Page Formats

Printing Styles

- Loading Your Own Fonts and Chmaz’a f»f&sf:,8m$ 3
PrintingCommands 3

Pnnter Components, Controls, and Indwators.

-_Smcmcatmm 1

1.1 AN OVERVIEW
The LNO3 laser printer is a tabletop, nommpact page pnmtar An impact pmnmr

uses some mechanical method to st tka rin:a-against theprinted page. For
example, a standard dot matrix printer uses a set of wires: on a printhead. In

place of a printhead, the LNO3 uses msm imaging and xerographic printing

techmquas

The LNO3prms mtmrwquahty imagesc:m cut-sheet pa’é, a‘t a rate of 8pages
per minute. Ywu can use two sizes of paper B~1/2 X 11or a;;fiurcyan A4.

FEATURES

111

Page Formats

he printer can print pages in two different orientations, portrait and land-

scape. In portrait orientation, characters print parallel to the short edge of the

paper. For example, thispage is printed in a portrait orientation. In /andscape

orientation, characters print parallel to the long edge of the paper. You can
print in both orientations on the same page.

You can also select from 12 standard page formats, using the page format
select command described in Chapter 5. These page formats let you change
the size of the print area on the page.
1.1.2

Printing Styles

For each printing orientation, the printer has mvaral mmnmspaced fonts avaiIa

ble. The printer comes with 4 fonts and 4 character sets permanently stored
in
read only memory (ROM). You select a font and ':a“charaater set to print fmm
The character set specmes the characters to prmt (fm‘emmple lowercase a).

The font specifies the style used to print those characters (for example, elite).
You can use any combination of font and character set, so you have 16

possnble combmatlons to start with.
Th@ fmur p@rmamnt foms are cal ad HOMmmsld@mfonts. Tm ROMmmsnd@m
fonts provide two different typefaces, or type families, to select from—courier

and elite. Paragraph 1.3 lists these fonts.

Chapter 4 describes how to select different fonts and character sets for briht-—
ing. if you are unfamiliar with printing terms such as font, character set, and

type family, you should read the beginning of Chapter 4 and study the terms in
the glossary.
The printer stores each ROM-resident font as a landscape font or a portrait
font. The printer can automatically rotate a portrait or landscape font to the

other orientation when needed, if enough random access memory (RAM) is
available.

FEATURES

1.1.3 Loading Your Own Fonts and Character Sets
In addition ta%HOMmmsidmt fonts, you can load other monospaced and proportionally spaced fonts from a host computer into the printer. This process is
called down-line-loading. Th@ prmmr stores these down-line-loaded fonts in
|

RAM.

You can also install two memorycarmdg%in theprinter’s fmm panel. You can
use ROM cartridges (mr addmfe onts) or R/ Mcartrmws (fm afime«d smmge)

The printer supports 17 characmr ma?&for di ae,,,@mm matwmmmm‘. (Appendix A).
You can also down-line-| oad othm sets from the host oomputm
1.1.4

Printing Commanm

The printer recognizes American National Standards Institute (ANSi) and Inter-

national Standards Orgamzmwn (lSO) contml funcmns that l&t you select the
following featums

character sets and fonts
tabs, margins, and spacing
subscripting and superscripti

ovarstnkmg, underlimmg, an‘f 1 italicizi
1usnhcamon
The printer agtso provides these features.
error reporting
optional parity bit

variable baud rate

Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1 describe and show the printer's components and
controls. Table 1-2 and Figure 1-2 describe and show the indicator panel.

Chapter 2 describes the configuration switches used in communicating with a
host computer. For detailed operating and maintenance procedures, see your
Installing and Using the LNO3 manual.

@ PAPER EXIT COVER

PAPER EXIT COVER
RELEASE LEVER

@ OUTPUT TRAY

. ','7?:ARVTR’;1QGE,

- RECEPTACLES

@DEVELOPMENT DRAWER

@ PAPER TRAY
MA-1300-840

Figure 1-1

Printer Components (Part 1)

ooy

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L N

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. f fifi‘f" g{”‘

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K "*';:‘%f&%""ié? o
-~

!
et

e
s
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.

SRR

‘

M&l

FEATURES

§f

BACKOF

PRINTER

. PAGE

COUNTER

Fen #a HmIN

Powen siii

,f ma a o
ksfi
[
N*rmp
CONNECTOR

m ) AC INPUT

. CONFIGURATION

TM~ POWER RECEPTACLE

SWITCH PACKS

(13) CIRCUIT BREAKER
R

PAPEfl SIZE

@ TEST BUTTON
SWITCH

MA-1304-B4E

- Figure 1-1 Prin’tar Cflmpomnts (Part 2)

o
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e

)
.i

.A),g’ .
i

‘

4".%
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%f:& .

\’i’t% i

éf .
wfie
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Figure 1-2

Indicator Panel

AT,

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F@.fiq

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‘

‘
f

...

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1.3

SPECIFICATIONS

The spaoafwcahms fcur th@ LN@S pnnt@r areas foflmws
Paper supply

smg tmy, 250~sh c:apacity

Paper output

250-sheet hopper

Paper sizes

Standard

85 inx 11 m'(fi%«ms@ cm 27 94 cm)

A4
Paper wmght

3.26 in x 11.7

in)

mm 241b*

Toner/develo
mr
Print speed

8 pagw/mmum

Print orientation

Portrait

Landscape

page, 132 characters/line t

Image area

8-1/2 X 1 1 paper

24 dms/acan line X 3225 scan lines

A4 paper |

2400 dots/scan line x 3400 scan lines

Use a high-quality paper such as Dtgiw’a LNMWAF (amndam size) or LNO3X-AH (A4
size) to avoid
paper jams caused by thin pape r. You can also use transparency film

designed for p@mn pamr mpiwm S
AK (A4.mm)

iinXM(standard size) or LNO3X-

WDi

Tt These are typical pages. If you select fmm wim a amauw mfim size or horizontal pitch,

you can increase the number of lines per page and characters per lme

Resolution

Interface

EIA R8232 c and ccrrr Vo4

ROM-resident fonts
Type family

Courier

ASCII 10 point, 10 pitch

10 point, 10 pitch
- DEC supplemental
DEC technical 10 point, 10 pitch

VT100 line drawing 10 point, 10 pitch
ASCII 10 poiint, 10.3 pitch
DEC supplemental 10 point, 10.3 pltch
DEC technical 10 point,10.3 pitch
VT100 line drawing 10 point, 10.3 pitch
ASCIl 6.7 point, 13.6 pitch

DEC supplemental 6.7 point, 13.6 pitch
DEC technical 6.7 point, 13.6 pitch
=
'VT100 line drawing 6.7 point, 13.6 pitch
Elite 12

BBl

ASCII 10 point, 12 pitch
DEC supplemental 10 point, 12 prtch
DEC technical 10 point, 12 pitch
VT100 line drawing 10 point, 12 pitch

Pitch

Horizontal

5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 characters/inch,
plus any numeric value in 1-pixel mcrements and
proportmnal fonts |

Vertical

2,3, 4,6, 8,12 lines/inch,

plus any numeric value in 1-plml mcr@mants and

_proportional fonts

FEATURES

Weight

80 Ibs maximum

Dimensions
Height

Width
Depth
Power requirements

LNO3-A2
LNO3-A3

53.4 cm (21 in)

40.7 cm (16 in)

1 kVA maximum

220 V10 240

V, 50 Hz

COMMUNICATION

2.1

The LNO3 and Your Host Computer

2.2

Data Format

2.3

Data Interface

2.4

Configuration Switch Packs

2.4.1

Switch Pack 1 (SP1)

2.4.2

2.5

14
15

Switch Pack 2 (SP2-1) 21
23

Data Synchronization
23

2.5.1

Input Buffer

2.5.2

2.5.3

XON/XOFF Protocol 23
XON/XOFF Summary 24

254

Restraint Line

2.1 THE LN03 AND YOUR HOST COMPUTER
This chapter describes how the LN0O3 communicates with a host computer. The
chapter also describes the configuration switches that control certain communication features on the printer.

2.2

DATA FORMAT

The LNO3 communicates using a serial data interface and a serial character
format that has 7 or 8 data bits. The serial character format has a start bit
(space), 7 or 8 data bits (1 = mark, 0 = space), a selectable parity bit, and a stop
bit (mark). Figure 2-1 shows this format.
S,

COMMUNICATION

70R8 DATA BITS

SPACE

MARK

IDLE

STATE

a&ovwmmmmwmvflwmw&?vm

I_Lsa'mlm'%'04'95'06'3\/1&3'
.

won ole s ode

START

BIT

e ohe o

o ok o ok

e olon i

;

stopl

OPTIONAL

START BIT OF

PARITY

NEW CHARACTER

BIT

SPACE=0=+12 V
MARK= 1= -12 V
MA-1485-84

Figure 2-1

Serial Character Format

The printer can receive characters with one or more stop bits. The data bits

represent character codes, with the least significant bit leading. You can select
the parity bit by switch (Paragraph 2.4.2). You must enable parity error

d@taction.

The printer mcogmms the prmtabm and control characters from 17 character

sets (Appandm A).

2.3

DATA INTERJFACE

The LNO3 uses a serial data interface that conforms mechanically to Electronic

Industries Association (EIA) standard RSZSQ»»C functionally to a data subset of
RS449, and electrically to RS423. The interface connector is a 25-pin, DB-25

male receptacle on the back of the printer’s cabinet.

All LNO3 interface 'si;gnags conform to the electrical requirements of EIA standard RS232-C and International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Com—

mittee (CCITT) recommendation V.24. Table 2-1 lists the printer’s interface

signals and describes their functions.

COMMUNICATION

B—

—

P—

COMMUNICATION

i
el

il
&

. i

o
o

RATION SWITCH PACKS

The LNO3 has two 6-position DIP switch packs that control the following operating features on the printer. These switch packs are on the back of the printer.
The switches are preset to work with most Digital systems. You can set these
switches to meet the requirements of your host computer. The printer checks
the state of t

se switches only
at power-up.

Interface type

Parity bit

Baud rate

Printer ID

7 or 8 data bits

Autowrap

Parity enable/disable

XON/XOFF
or restraint protocol

You can check the switch settings by printing

a summary sheet test pattern

similar to Figure 2-2. To print a summary sheet, perform these two steps.

1. Place the printer off-line by pressing the on-line/off-line indicator button
on the front panel. The indicator should turn off.
2. Press the test button (marked T) on the back of the printer.

COMMUNICATION

MEANING <@

1-1

OFF

SERIAL INPUT

OFF

RATE

OFF

nm:xx;g.x

‘

DATA BITS

5W1TCHES SET

FOR THE INDICATED

POSITION
o

‘

PARITY DISABLED

OFF

DEVICE

nav%uium Level

SETTING

|1-1

AUTO WRAP ON <@

gg;

OVERRIDES THIS

XON/XOFF ENABLED

Paper Size:B.5 by 11

SWITCH SETTING

Cartridge liempty

Memory available
for fonts:

o @]

BAUD

SHEET

SWITCH #

nE]

S UMM ARY

Cartridge 2:empty

27K

Test Pattern Printed by the DEC LN03 Printer
Job

SBtatus:

Errors

RCOURIR RCOURIR1O01VKOOGGOQ01CZZZZ02F000 «#uso0 wur nu L x 901 @

=mmwnereos

DO00000 DO00OO0L0LVKOOGGO001CZZZZ02F000 « Muvo smr
n u x Y01 #' mumwnereas
RELITEO0 RELITEOLO2SK00GGC001CZZZZ02F000 ABFeGIVJILMLOTMS_1234567890
D000000 D00000OLO2SK00GG0001CZ22202F000

FoGIvJI
L ML0TMS 1234567890

RCOURIR RCOURIRZO
0001CZZ2202FP000
RCOURIR RCOURIRJ02SK00GG0001C222202F000

AQF GEINIIL
MUY §_1234567890
ALF°GHINJII
L MLOTMS_1234567890

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DEC

ASCII
A

TYPE

FONT ID

FAMILY
D

FONT FILE ID

Y
S

NOTE

The sequence for the font file printout is in descending order. downline fonts, cartridge
fonts, resident fonts. Also, if there are a lot of errors on the printout, there may not be
enough space on the sheét to print out all resident font files.
MA-1489-84

Figure 2-2

Summary Sheet Test Pattern

oSO

COMMUNICATION

The summary sheet shows you the current switch settings (off or on) and

explains their meaning. The sheet also lists the available fonts and any printer
errors.

NOTE:

The

LNO3 monitors switch settings only at powar»»up. Turn the power

off before changing any switch setting.

The following paragraphs describe the function of each switch. Both switch
packs have the on position labeled (Figure 2-3). Use a ball point pen or small
screwdriver to change switch settings.

1
BACK OF
PRINTER

SP2

o[e
]

SP1.

CONFIGURATION SWITCHPACKS

(SHOWN WITH FACTORY SETTINGS)

MA-1304-B4F

Figure 2-3

Configuration Switches

[——

COMMUNICATION

2.4.1

Switch Pack 1 (SP1)

Switch pack 1 controls the printer’s interface type, baud rate, and data format
(7 or 8 bits). Switch pack 1 also enables or disables parity checking.
Interface Type (SP1-1)

This switch is set to match the data communication interface, either serial or

parallel (future option).

SP1

Function

Parallel interface

Off

Serial interface (factory setting)

Baud Rate (SP1-2, SP1-3, and SP1-4)

These switches select the transmit/receive speed the printer uses to communicate with the computer.

SP1-2

SP1-3

SPi-4

Baud Rate

Off

1200

Off
Off

Off
On

On
Off

2400
3600

Off

4800 (factory setting)

Off

7200

Off

9600

Off

19200

7 or 8 Data Bits (SP1-5)
This switch is set to match the character format used by the host computer,

either 7 or 8 data bits.
SP1-5

Function

7 data bits

Off

8 data bits (factory setting)

COMMUNICATION

Parity Enable (SP1-6)

This switch enables or disables parity. If enabled, the printer checks the parity
bit selected by switch SP2-1.

Function

SP1-6

Parity enabled

Parity disabled (factory setting)

Off

2.4.2 Switch Pack 2 (SP2)

Switch pack 2 controls the type of parity bit checked, the printer’s identification
(ID) response, the autowrap feature, and XON/XOFF or restraint protocol.
Parity Bit (SP2-1)

If switch SP1-6 is on, switch SP2-1 selects the type of parity bit the printer

checks for and sends.

In 7-bit mode, the printer can

e check for odd parity and send a space parity bit, or
e check for even parity and send a mark parity bit.

In 8-bit mode, the printer can only check and send even or odd parity. Switch

SP1-5 selects 7-bit or 8-bit mode.

SP2-1

On
Off

Function
7-Bit Mode

8-Bit Mode

Check odd, send space parity.
Check even, send mark parity.

Check and send odd parity.
Check and send even parity.

Device ID Select (SP2-2 and SP2-3)

These switches set the printer identification (ID) response to LNO3, LQP02, or
LA100. These switches are usually set for an LNO3 ID response, except when
the printer is connected to a system that requires an LQPO2 or an LA100 ID
response. These switches do not affect the printer's response to control
functions.

COMMUNICATION

SP2-2

SP2-3

Device ID

Off

LNO3 (factory setting)

Off

LQPO02

Off

LA100

LNO3 (same as factory setting)

Autowrap (SP2-4)
This switch selects the method of controlling a line of characters that exceed

the right margin. If you select no wrap, the printer drops characters exceeding
the right margin. If you select autowrap, the printer prints characters exceeding
OO

the right margin on the next line.
The

printer remains in this state,

unless you send an autowrap mode

(DECAWM) sequence to override the switch setting. A soft terminal reset
(DECSTR) or a reset to initial state (RIS) sequence resets the printer to the
state selected by the switch setting. Chapter 5 describes the DECAWM,

DECSTR, and RIS sequences.

SP2-4

Function

Autowrap (factory setting)

Off

No wrap

XON/XOFF or Restraint Protocol (SP2-5)
This switch selects XON/XOFF or restraint protocol for data transmission.

SP2-5

Function

Description

Restraint

Para. 2.5.4

Off

XON/XOFF (factory setting)

Para. 2.5.2

Restraint Polarity (SP2-6)
This switch selects the polarity of the restraint signal when you use restraint

protocol (SP2-5) for data transmission.

SP2-6

Function

Inverted

Off

Normal (factory setting)

COMMUNICATION

2.5

DATA SYNCHRONIZATION

The data flow between the printer and host computer must be synchronized.
To synchronize the data flow, the LNO3 uses an input buffer and either
XON/XOFF protocol or a restraint line.

2.5.1

Input Buffer

The printer has an input buffer that can hold up to 1,000 characters. This buffer
allows the printer and host computer to communicate independent of printing
speed.

The printer temporarily stores all received characters (other than NUL and

DEL) in the buffer before processing them. A SUB control character replaces

any character received with an error (for example, a parity error). The printer
reports these errors on the summary sheet (Figure 2-2) and prints a reverse
question mark < in place of the character.
2.5.2

XON/XOFF Protocol

The XON/XOFF protocol lets the printer prevent the input buffer from overflowing. Otherwise, you might lose data if the printer stops (due to a paper-out

condition, for example) or if the communication speed is greater than the print
speed.

To control the input buffer, the printer sends XON and XOFF control characters

to the host computer. An XON character informs the host it can send data to
the printer. An XOFF character informs the host to temporarily stop sending

data, because
the input buffer is full. The printer also sends an XOFF character
when an error occurs (for example, an open cover or paper jam) or when the
printer is off-line.

After the printer is powered up and ready to operate, it sends an XON character to the host. The printer loads data from the host into the input buffer, until
the buffer holds 750 characters. Then the printer sends an XOFF character to
the host. If the host does not stop sending data, the printer sends a second
XOFF character when the buffer holds 875 characters.

As the printer processes characters, the buffer empties. When the buffer holds
less than 750 characters, the printer sends an XON character to the host. This
method maintains the buffer within its capacity.

COMMUNICATION

2.5.3

XON/XOFF Summary

The printer sends an XON control character following an XOFF condition if all

the following conditions become true.

XON Conditions
e The printer is ready.
e

All faults are cleared.

There are less than 750 characters in the input buffer.

The printer sends an XOFF control character when any of the following condi-

tions become true.

XOFF Conditions
The printer is not ready.
e A fault condition occurs.

e There are 750 characters in the input buffer.

e There are 875 characters in the input buffer.
e The printer is ready to send a report.

2.5.4

Restraint Line

The printer can use a restraint line to tell the host computer to stop sending

data. The printer must use a restraint line when the host or software does not
recognize the XON/XOFF protocol. The restraint line is in addition to the nor-

mal data lines.

When the restraint line is asserted according to the restraint polarity (SP2-6),

the host cannot send data. On some systems, the restraint line is called
ready/busy.

CHARACTER CODE
PROCESSING
3.1

Receiving 7-Bit and 8-Bit Data

3.1.1

7-Bit Code Table

3.1.2

8-Bit Code Table

3.1.3

DEC Multinational Character Set

3.2

Printable Characters

3.3

Control Characters

3.3.1

7-Bit to 8-Bit Conversion

3.3.2

8-Bit to 7-Bit Conversion

3.4

Escape Sequences, Control Sequences, and Device

Control Strings

3.4.1

Using Control Characters in Sequences

3.4.2

Sequence Format

3.4.3

Escape Sequences

3.4.4

Control Sequences

3.4.5

Device Control Strings

3.5

3.5.1
3.5.2

3.1

Sending and Receiving 7-Bit and 8-Bit Data

Sending Characters

Receiving Characters

RECEIVING 7-BIT AND 8-BIT DATA

This chapter describes how the LNO3 responds to received character codes.
The printer processes received characters according to ANSI standard X3.41977 and ISO standard ISO DIS 2022-1984.

Received characters include printable characters and control functions. Con-

trol functions control how the printer processes, sends, and prints characters.
Control functions include control characters, control strings, and escape and

control sequences. Appendix C compares the control functions used in the
LNO3 and other Digital printers.
The printer can process 7-bit and 8-bit data. The following paragraphs explain

how 7-bit and 8-bit character codes are represented in character set tables.
Paragraphs 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 explain how to convert from a 7-bit to an 8-bit or
from an 8-bit to a 7-bit environment.

—

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.1.1

7-Bit Code Table

A code table is a convenient way to represent 7-bit and 8-bit characters,

because you can see groups of characters and their relative codes clearly.
Figure 3-1 is the 7-bit ASCII code table. There are 128 character code positions
arranged in a matrix of 8 columns and 16 rows.

COLUMN

|
BITS
ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1

87 00
|87

| g5

0 0 0 1

oo 1 b

oo 11

{Dx(%?

3 | (XOFF) | 19

5 |01 0 1

o1 1t 0

’

0 1 11

|1 000

CAN 24

(

|10 0 1

)

10 SUB 26

vT 11

| ESC | 8

1300 | OB

4 {1+ 1 1 0

111 1 1 1

|1 0 1 0

11 |1 0 1 1
12

1 1+ 0 0

;

§ oCcTAL

§ DECIMAL

| 33

36
67

101

121

102

122

103

65
41

66
42

108

106

160

112

141

161

97
61

142

b | 98

163

143

124

144

145

126

146

147

125

116

101

165

166

103

167

118

104

120

131

gof

151

ws]

171

106

‘

150

170

111

112

132

]

113

133

163

107

173

114

134

154

as | <

115

]

135

93l

M | 109

116

136

110

—

137

157

177

2B
54

54,

95
&F

152

121

122

172

108

155

}

175

176

174

156 ]

123

119

—

117

130

‘

102

164

114

100

113

127

[al

123

162

110

1
140

‘

104

107

54
.

)

120

5.2

]

100

ascii cHARACTER] ESC | /' | COtuMVROW
33

10
8

g1 00

o
60

12
c3|

‘

NUL ]

00 0 0

111 DEL

124
7C

125

[—

126

127

m—

—

HE
X
MA-T24T

Figure 3-1

7-Bit ASCII Code Table
B

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

BIT
7

BIT

3 MOST

»le

SIGNIFICANT BITS

4 LEAST

SIGNIFICANT BITS

[DECIMAL VALUE IS

(DECIMAL VALUE

COLUMN IN

IS ROW IN

CODE TABLE)

MA-0890-83

Figure 3-2

7-Bit Code

Each row represents a possible value of the four least significant bits of a 7-bit
code (Figure 3-2). Each column represents a possible value of the three most

significant bits.
Figure 3-1 shows shows each character with its binary, octal, decimal, and
hexadecimal code. You can also represent any character by its position in the

table. For example, the character H (column 4, row 8) can be represented as
4/8.

The printer processes received characters based on their ANSI character type,

either printable or control. You can determine a character’s type by its position
in the standard character set.

Columns 2 through 7 of Figure 3-1 contain printable ASCII characters, except
for the space (SP) and delete (DEL) characters. SP (2/0) can be considered a
printable character or a control character, because it occupies space in memory and on paper. DEL (7/15) is always used as a control character.

Columns 0 and 1 of Figure 3-1 contain control characters.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.1.2

8-Bit Code Table

In general, the conventions for 7-bit character codes also apply to 8-bit charac-

ter codes. Figure 3-3 shows the layout of an 8-bit code table. It has twice as
many columns as the 7-bit table and contains 256 (versus 128) character code
positions.

COLUMN

\ 00 | 01]02|03)]04|05]06 )07 08 })j09] 10§ 11|12 | 13 | 14| 15

iy,

ROW

NUL | DLE |

pecs §

SOH | DC1

PU1

STX | DC2

PU2

ETX | DC3

STS

EOT | DC4

IND | CCH

| ENQ | NAK

NEL | Mw

| ACK | SYN

SSA |

SPA
AN i

07 | BEL ETB

ESA | EPA

08 | Bs

|can

HTS

| HT | EM

HTJ

LF | suB

VTS

VT | ESC

PLD | CSI

FF | FS

PLU | ST

CR | GS

SO | RS

Ss2 | PM

ARG

| us

5 conesTMT
o ,

| osc

BT,

DEL | SS3 | APC

GL CODES

7-BIT CODE TABLE

-~ cooes TM
>

GR CODES

>
MA-0892-B3

Figure 3-3

8-Bit ASCIl Code Table
SO,

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

The 8-bit code table (Figure 3-3) has two sets of control characters, CO (control
0) and C1 (control 1). The table also has two sets of printable or graphic

characters, GL (graphic left) and GR (graphic right).
On the printer, the basic functions of the C0 and C1 control codes are defined
by ANSI. CO codes represent the ASCII control characters described earlier.

The CO code}s are 7-bit compatible. The C1 codes represent 8-bit control
characters that let you perform more functions than possible with the CO
codes.You can only use C1 codes directly in an 8-bit environment.
As with the 7-bit table, each row represents a possible value of the four least

significant bits of an 8-bit code (Figure 3-4). Each column represents a possible
value of the four most significant bits.
All codes on the left half of the 8-bit table (columns 0 through 7) are 7-bit

compatible. Their eighth bit is not set and can be ignored or assumed to be 0.
You can use these codes in either a 7-bit or 8-bit environment. All codes on the
right half of the table (columns 8 through 15) have their eighth bit set. You can

use these codes only in an 8-bit compatible environment.
The GL and GR sets of codes are reserved for printable characters. There are

94 GL codes in positions 2/1 through 7/14. There are 94 GR codes in positions
10/1 through 15/14. By ANSI standards, positions 10/0 and 15/15 are not used.
You can use GL codes in 7-bit or 8-bit environments. You can use GR codes
only in an 8-bit environment.

BIT
7

BIT
6

BIT
5

4 MOST

SIGNIFICANT BITS

(DECIMAL VALUE IS
COLUMN IN

CODE TABLE)

BIT
4

BIT
8

‘

B8IT
3

BIT
2

BIT
1

4 LEAST

SIGNIFICANT BITS

(DECIMAL VALUE
IS ROW IN

CODE TABLE)
MA-0BS 1-83

Figure 3-4

8-Bit Code

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.1.3 DEC Multinational Character Set
Figure 3-5 shows the DEC multinational character set. This 8-bit character set
is the default character set when you turn the printer on.

The 7-bit compatible left half of the DEC multinational set is the ASCII graphic
set. The CO codes are the ASCII control characters, and the GL codes are the
ASCII graphic (printable) characters.
I

COLUMN

O
B7

1
0

0 0

BITS

0 0 0 0

NUL 00

0 00 1

0 01 0

o0 11

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1 | ps

‘

16
10

(ngfl

1
2

11
22

a2
20

3 (xcfig 1913

30
61

3523

31
62

100

101

41
102

‘

66
42

140 .

121

141

51
122

61
142

143

144

‘

123

124

69 U

125

103

104

120

96
97

160
1
112

161

113

71
162

163

100

t
‘

164

145

101

65
146

165
117

102

115

116

01 0 0

5 0 1 0 1

2115

/fl

105

B3
35

37
25

0o 1t 11

7
7

107

127

147

103

|1 000

[CAN |,

(

110

130

88 |

150

68 |

1 00 1

)

41
29

5739

111

73
49

131

151

10 | v 01 0

1SUB | 32

|52

162

132

vT 11B

|ESC | 3

113

[

133

153

107

173

154

134

114 |

115

]

135

155

62 |

116

136

3F |

5
6

0 110

‘

1111 0 1 1

{1 1 0 0

13 /1 1 0 1

14 |1+ 1 1 0

18]

1 1 1 1

3B
:

1€

’

ASCIHl CONTROL
SET

ascii characTer| ESC

‘

63 |

45
106

b’

117

" 4F

55
126

wa]

8959

106

75
166

118

119
170
120

12179

122

172

123
78

109

}

175

124
7C

125

156

176

126

1 110

1371

157

177

111 DEL

127

‘

ASCIli GRAPHIC CHARACTER SET

COLUMN/ROW

33 | ocTaL
27

171

—

108
6D

167

174

—

106
69

114

21
42

4
1

| DECIMAL

X
HE
B EA
WA 110
PR

Figure 3-5

DEC Multinational Character Set (Left Half)

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

The 8-bit compatible right half of the DEC multinational set includes the C1 8-bit
control characters in columns 8 and 9. The GR codes are the DEC supplemen-

tal graphic set. The DEC supplemental graphic set includes accented letters
and other symbols not included in the ASCII graphic set.

The following paragraphs describe the various types of characters and how

they control printer functions (such as setting margins and tabs).

8
1

9
1

..-.?..

200

10
1

0 1

220
221
145
91

130

146

222

203

223

131

147

83
204
IND | 2
84
206

a3
224
148
94
225

NEL | 133h

1¢]
149

206

96
227

135

151

13:

231

pod

212
VTS | 138

232
4l

213

233

PLD | 132 | CSI | 155

88
214

PLU | 0|

98
234

ST | 156

w62]

163

A3
244
164
A4
245
|es

|67

A
247

j=¢

122

252
||

B
0

171

AB
254

301
(e
c1

178

A | 194

262

179

B3
264
wo|
B4
265
T

266

c3
304
||
c4
ES

A
)
A

G
-

226

213

ETE

| 203

8B
274

(e8|

cB
314

|204a|

28]

346

E6
347

245
F5

366

231

2;3

332
28]

DB
1334

|20

F6
367|

350

2:2

370

[ ]

351

352
|24

372
| 2%

333

F3
364
& | 244
Fé4
365

243

o8 | 247

NRES

363
%

€

E3
344
|28
E4
345

330

233

187

271y

|25

D6
377

343
a

362

| 242

o | 246

361 |
|2
F1

g8 | 20|

312
(202

240

214|

1:;

342

|30

360|

D3
324
l22]
D4
325

'fd

323

ol
O

341
|25
E1

211

340

321
|2
D1

271
272
|wef

| 224

322

15
1

|08

c6
307

320

306

303
A

[182]|

B6
267

302

253

261
|77
B1

270

251

|192

250

300

263
3

230

1::

246

210

241
el
Al

150

86
207

HTS

226

134

|we]

242

260

243
£

©°

201
129
81
82

wo|

FINN

202

! W]

\\ 240

128 | DCS | 144

11
1

353

|28

EB
354

|26

373

251

FB
374

Y | 282

215

235

255

275

73|
AD

355

el
BD

375

157
90

(33

208
CcD

|
DD

216
SS2 | 142

236

256

276

158

174

1901

217

237

267

277

8F |

SS3 | 43|

ADDITIONAL

159

CONTROL SET

178

191

316
T

| 27|
ED

336

| 206

22|

317

337

387

223

“

| 283
FD

376

238

207

356

254

239 k\
EF

377

255

DEC SUPPLEMENTAL GRAPHIC SET
MA- 511086

Figure 3-5

DEC Multinational Character Set (Right Half)

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.2 PRINTABLE CHARACTERS
The printer prints ASCII graphic characters as received. Characters from posi-

tion 2/0 through position 7/14 in 7-bit character sets (and from position 10/0
through position 15/15 in 8-bit character sets) are usually interpreted as printable characters.

The printer prints characters at the active position on the current page. The
active position is defined by an active column (horizontal position) and an
active line (vertical position). After printing a character, the printer increments
the active column. After printing a line, the printer increments the active line.
The size of these increments depends on the font you are using or any control
functions you send before the printable characters.

NOTE:

The actual characters printed depend on the printable character set

used. Paragraph 4.3 explains how to select different character sets. Appendix
B shows the character sets the printer can process.

If the spacing is based on the current font, each printable or space character

increases the active column by one space increment (determined by the font). If

the active position is within the printable region, each printable character or
space character prints and the active column increases as required.

When the printer reaches the right margin, the autowrap feature determines
what happens to printable characters. If you select the no wrap setting, characters are lost. If you select the autowrap setting, the printer performs an automatic carriage return and line feed before printing the next character. You can

set the autowrap feature with configuration switch SP2-4 (Paragraph 2.4.2) or

the autowrap mode sequence (Paragraph 5.2.3).

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.3

CONTROL CHARACTERS

Control characters do not print. They usually cause the printer to perform some

action. For example, the HTS control character sets a horizontal tab. There are
two groups of control characters.
CO

(columns 0 and 1 in all character sets)

(columns 8 and 9 in 8-bit character sets)

Table 3-1 lists the CO control characters that the LNO3 recognizes. Table 3-2
lists the C1 control characters that the printer recognizes. Both tables give

column/row locations to help you find each character in the character sets. The
printer ignores any control characters not listed in the tables.

You can use an alternative method to send CO control characters from your
input keyboard. To send a character from the keyboard, you hold down the Ctri
key and press a second key specified in Table 3-1.

NOTE:

You do not convert printable characters.

Columns 8 and 9 of the DEC multinational character set (Figure 3-5) contain 8bit C1 control characters. In 7-bit mode, these characters are coded as 2character escape sequences of the form.
ESC Fe
111
where

ESC is the escape character

Feis a final character from columns 4 and 5 from anure 3-5.

Table 3-3 Iis%ts equivalent 8-bit and 7-bit control characters. The following
paragraphs explain each conversion process.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

R
s,

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

s
Sy

sl
G
i

‘

;

e
R

]
o

S ‘\)“K} &

it .:;‘:

Ll
Gl

]

S
S
.

JT——

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

ARG

i
i

s
i
i

2 o i

gfi’%e -

;

:
g;04,“

gti
: «%:, ‘?1:’

S
i [

[

ORI

T—

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

»3'@,

o
i

@
.

..
)

i
.

i
iy
.

g
o

.
o

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.3.1

7-Bit to 8-Bit Conversion

You can convert the 7-bit escape sequences in Table 3-3 to 8-bit control
characters as follows.
1. Remove the ESC character.

2. Set the eighth bit and clear the seventh bit of the final character.

3.3.2

8-Bit to 7-Bit Conversion

You can convert the 8-bit control characters in Table 3-3 to 7-bit escape
sequences as follows.

1. Insert an ESC character.
2. Clear the eighth bit and set the seventh bit of the 8-bit control character.

3.4

ESCAPE SEQUENCES, CONTROL SEQUENCES,
oG

AND DEVICE CONTROL STRINGS

Escape sequences, control sequences, and device control strings provide
more control functions than control characters. These multiple-character

sequences let you control many printing functions. Here are some examples.

Character sets
Fonts (loading, assigning, and selecting)

Character attributes (such as bolding and underlining)

Spacing (for monospace and proportional fonts)
Active column and line
Print area and page margins

Autowrapping

Tabs

Line feeds and carriage returns
Justification

'Vectors for line drawing
Product identification
Printer status

Resetting or initializing the printer
T

Each escape sequence, control sequence, and control string performs a specific control function. Many control functions are automatically set to an initial
value (Paragraph 5.14) when you power up or reset the printer.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.4.1

Using Control Characters in Sequences

You can use control characters—ESC, CAN, and SUB—to interrupt or recover
from errors in escape sequences, control sequences, and device control
strings.
e You can send ESC (1/11) to cancel a sequence in progress and begin a

new sequence.

e You can send CAN (1/8) to indicate the present data is in error or to

cancel a sequence in progress. The printer interprets the characters following CAN as usual.
e You can send SUB (1/10) to cancel a sequence in progress. The printer

interprets the characters following SUB as usual.
The printer does not lose data when errors occur in escape or control
sequences and device control strings. The printer ignores unrecognized

sequences and strings, unless they end a current escape sequence.
NOTE:

At the beginning of each document you print, set the printer to a

known state. You can use the reset to initial state (RIS) sequence.

This

sequence also clears the printer of any partial pages left in the buffer from a
previous document.

If your printer is connected to the printer port of a video terminal, you probably
have to use soft terminal reset (DECSTR) sequence instead of RIS. Paragraph

5.13 describes both sequences.
You should also send a form feed (FF) at the end of a document, so the last

page of the document will eject from the printer.
3.4.2

Sequence Format

This manual shows escape and control sequences in their 8-bit format. You
can also use equivalent 7-bit sequences (Table 3-3).
The 8-bit format uses the CO and C1 control characters and ASCII characters

from the DEC multinational character set (Figure 3-5). The sequences also
show each character’'s column/row position in the character set, below the

character. The column/row code eliminates confusion over similar looking

characters such as 0 (3/0) and O (4/15).

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

Spaces appear between characters in a sequence for clarity; they are not part

of the sequence. If a space is part of the sequence, the SP (2/0) character
appears.

3.4.3

Escape Sequences

An escape sequence uses two or more bytes to define a specific control
function. Escape sequences do not include variable parameters, but may
include intermediate characters. Here is the format for an escape sequence.

ESC

1/11

2/0
to 2/15

3/0 to 7/14
SR

Escape

Intermediate

Final

sequence

characters

character

introducer

(zero or more

(one character)

[

characters)

The escape sequence introducer is the ESC control character. After receiving

ESC, the printer stores (but does not print) the next received characters as part
of the sequence.
Zero or more intermediate characters can follow the ESC character. Intermedi-

ate characters come from the 2/0 through 2/15 range.
The final character indicates the end of the sequence. The final character

comes from the 3/0 through 7/14 range. The intermediate and final characters
together define a single control function.
For example, the following escape sequence selects the French character set.

ESC

1/11

2/11

5/2

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.4.4

Control Sequences

A control sequence uses two or more bytes to define a specific control func-

tion. Control sequences usually include variable parameters. Here is the format
for a control sequence.

cst

P..P

9/11

3/0 to 3/15

I...|

2/0 to 2/15

4/0 to 7/14

Control

Parameter

Intermediate

Final

sequence

(zero or more

(one character)

introducer

characters)

The control sequence introducer is the C1 control character CSl (9/11). You

can also use the equivalent 7-bit sequence, ESC (1/11) [ (5/11). After receiving

CSlI, the printer stores (but does not print) the next received characters as part

of the sequence.
Parameter characters are characters received after CSl, in the 3/0 to 3/15
range. Parameter characters modify the action or interpretation of the

sequence. You can use up to 16 parameters per sequence. You must use the ;

(3/11) character to separate parameters.
All parameters are unsigned, positive decimal integers, with the most signifi-

cant digit sent first. Any parameter greater than 9999 (decimal) is set to 9999
(decimal). If you do not specify a value, a 0 value is assumed. A 0 value or

omitted parameter indicates a default value for the sequence; for most
sequences, the default value is 1.
NOTE:

All parameters must be positive decimal integers. Do not use a deci-

mal point in a parameter—the printer will ignore the command.

If the first character in a parameter string is the ? (3/15) character, it indicates

that DEC private parameters follow. The printer interprets private parameters
according to ANSI X3.64 and ISO 6429.
The printer processes two types of parameters, numeric and selective. A

numeric parameter indicates a numeric value such as a tab or margin location.

In this manual, numeric parameters appear as actual values or as Pn, Pn1,

Pn2, and so on.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

Numeric Parameter Example

Control
sequence
introducer

First
numeric
parameter

CSli
9/11

5
3/5

Second
numeric

Final

Delimiter

parameter

character

;
3/11

7
3/7

0
3/0

S
7/3

In this example, the left margin is set to column 5, and the right margin is set to
column 70. The numeric parameters are 5 and 70. The ; (3/11) delimiter separates the two parameters.
|

A selective parameter selects an action associated with the specific parameter

value. In this manual, selective parameters appear as Ps, Ps1, Ps2, and so on.

Selective Parameter Example
Control
seguence
introducer

First
selective
parameter

Second
selective

Final

Delimiter

parameter

character

CSi
9/11

1
3/1

3/11

3/4

6/13

In this example, the first selective parameter selects bold printing, and the
second selective parameter selects underlining. The ; (3/11) delimiter separates the two parameters.
Intermediate characters are characters received after CSl,
in the 2/0 to 2/15
range.

The final character comes from the 4/0 to 7/14 range. The final character
indicates the end of the sequence. The intermediate and final characters
together define a control function. If there are no intermediate characters, the
final character defines the function.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

Control Sequence Examples
1. The following sequence clears all horizontal tab stops.

Control
sequence

Numeric

Final

introducer

parameter

character

Csi

9/11

3/3

6/7

2. The following sequence turns off justification.

Control

3.4.5

sequence

Numeric

Intermediate

Final

introducer

parameter

character

CSli

9/11

3/0

2/0

4/6

Device Control Strings

Device control strings (DCS), like control sequences, use two or more bytes to

define specific control functions. However, a DCS also includes a command

string. Here is the format for a device control string.

DCS

P...P

l..l

Command string

9/0

3/0

2/0

4/0

e e o ok e o e o e ke oo

9/1 2

3/15

2/15

7/15

“

Device

Protocol

control

selector

String

String
terminator

string
introducer

The device control string introducer is the C1 control character DCS (9/0). You
can also use the equivalent 7-bit sequence, ESC (1/11) P (5/0). After receiving

DCS, the printer stores (but does not print) the next received characters as part

of the string function.

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

The protocol selector follows DCS and includes parameter characters, intermediate characters, and a final character. The format is the same as a control
sequence (except for the CSI character).

The command string follows the protocol selector and includes several
records. Each record may be several characters in length. Records are sepa-

rated by the ; (3/11) delimiter.

The string terminator ST (9/12) indicates the end of a string. You can also use

the equivalent 7-bit sequence, ESC (1/11) \ (5/12).

3.5

SENDING AND RECEIVING 7-BIT AND 8-BIT DATA

You can select how the printer processes and codes data by using configura-

tion switch SP1-5 and the following escape sequences. SP1-5 selects a 7-bit or

8-bit data format (Paragraph 2.4.1). The C1 receive and C1 transmit sequences
enable or disable data transmission and reception in those formats.
When you power up or reset the printer (Paragraph 5.13), it uses C1 receive
enabled and C1 transmit disabled.
Name

Sequence

C1 receive

ESC

The printer receives 8-bit data and

enabled

1/11

2/0

3/7

C1 control characters (as 7-bit ESC

Function

Fe sequences or single 8-bit bytes).
C1 receive

ESC

The printer receives 7-bit data and

disabled

1/11

2/0

3/6

C1 control characters (as 7-bit ESC

Fe sequences).

C1 transmit

ESC SP

disabled

1/11

2/0

The printer sends 7-bit data and C1

4/6

control characters (as 7-bit ESC Fe

sequences).
C1 transmit

ESC SP

The printer sends 8-bit data and

enabled

1/11

4/7

C1 control characters (as single

2/0

8-bit bytes).
The following paragraphs describe the different selections you can make using

switch SP1-5 and the escape sequences.

——

CHARACTER CODE PROCESSING

3.5.1 Sending Characters
You can select three different methods for sending characters.

Selection

Result

You select 8-bit mode

The printer uses 8-bit

(by setting switch SP1-5

coding to send all data.

to 8-bit) and enabile its
use (by using the C1
transmit enabled sequence).
You select 8-bit mode

The printer uses 8-bit

(by setting switch SP1-5

coding to send data and uses

to 8-bit), but restrict its

7-bit equivalent coding to

use (by using the C1

send C1 control characters.

transmit disabled sequence).
You select 7-bit mode

The printer uses 7-bit

(by setting switch SP1-5

coding to send all data

to 7-bit).

(converting 8-bit data to a
7-bit equivalent).

3.5.2

Receiving Characters

You can select three different methods for receiving characters.
Selection

Resuit

You select 8-bit mode

- The printer treats any

(by setting switch SP1-5

received byte as an 8-bit

to 8-bit) and enabile its

byte.

use (by using the C1
receive enabled sequence).

You select 8-bit mode

The printer does not change

(by setting switch SP1-5

data, but truncates C1

to 8-bit), but restrict its

control characters (by

use (by using the C1

setting the most significant

receive disabled sequence).

bit to 0.

You select 7-bit mode

The printer treats any

(by setting switch SP1-5

received byte as an 8-bit

to 7-bit).

byte with the most

significant bit set to 0.

SELECTING
CHARACTER SETS
AND FONTS

4.1

Before You Start

4.2

Character Sets, Fonts, and Font Files

4.2.1

Font Attributes

42.2

Font File Attributes

47
48

4.3

Selecting Graphic Character Sets

4.4

Loading, Assigning, and Selecting Font Files

4.4.1

Loading Font Files (DECLFF)

4.4.2

Assign Type Family or Font (DECATFF)

44.3

Selecting Fonts (SGR)

4.5

Deleting Type Family or Font Files (DECDTFF)

4.6

Font Status

4.6.1

4.6.2
4.7

Request Font Status (DECRFS)
Font Status Report (DECFSR)
Selecting Font Sizes

62
63

4.7
.1

Graphic Size Selection (GSS)

4.7.2

Graphic Size Modification (GSM)

4.1

64
64

BEFORE YOU START

The LNO3 uses character sets and fonts to create the characters you see on a
printed page. You can use the character sets and fonts that come stored in the

printer, or you can add others. You use font files to add character sets and

fonts to the printer. There are two ways to add font files.
e

Plug a font cartridge into the printer.

e Down-line-load a font file from the host computer.

This chapter explains how to select character sets and fonts. However, before
you use these procedures, you should understand how the printer uses char-

acter sets and fonts. The next section describes some important terms.
46

—

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS 47

Appendix F contains some helpful hints and examples using LN03 commands.
The appendix also includes problem-solving information.

4.2

CHARACTER SETS, FONTS, AND FONT FILES

Character sets contain a set of codes that describe the general appearance of
characters. For example, a character set might contain the code for an uppercase A or the number 1.
Fonts determine the size and style of printed characters. For example, a couri-

er 10 point font describes a certain style (courier) and size (10 point) of printed
character.
Fonts and character sets are independent of each other. You need both a font
and a character set to print characters.

The LNO3 stores the data for character sets and fonts in font files. Each font
file contains the data for a unique combination of one font and one character
set. You can assign a font to any character set available in the printer.
The font files that come with the printer are stored in ROM. If you load other
font files from the host, they are stored in RAM. Font files must be in a

standard Digital format.
4.2.1

Font Attributes

Each font has seven attributes that define the visual representation of characters, independent of any character set.
Font Attributes

Example

Type family

Courier, elite

Spacing

Proportional or fixed (monospaced)

Type size

10 point (1 point = 1/72 inch)

Scale factor

1:1 (This describes a vertical to

Typestyle

Character weight

Normal, bold

Character proportion

Normal, expanded, condensed

horizontal proportion.)

Normal, italic

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

For example, one of the standard fonts used in the printer is courier 10 pitch,
monospaced, 10 point, with 1:1

scaling, and normal typestyle, character

weight, and character proportmn

You can assign this font to any available character set, such as the ASCII or
DEC supplemental sets.

A type family (the first font attribute) identifies a group of fonts related in
design, but differing in the six other attributes. For example, the two standard
type families used in the printer are courier and elite.

4.2.2

Font File Attributes

Each font file has 12 attributes, including the 7 attributes for a single font and

the character images for a single character set.

Font File Attributes

Font Attributes

Type family
Spacing

Other Attributes

Character set
Rotation

Type size

Character subset

Typestyle

Resolution

Scale factor

File encoding

Character weight
Character proportion

Each font file has a unique 31-character identification. This font file ID
describes the character set as well as the the font attributes. Appendix D
describes the standard font file IDs in the printer.
Figure 4-1 shows the character sets and fonts stored in ROM when you receive
the printer. The DEC built-in-1 and pi font files are duplicates of the courier and
elite font files. The figure does not include optional font files stored in cartridges or down-line-loaded from the host computer.
You can combine any available character set and font for printing. For exam-

ple, you could use the ASCII character set with the courier 10 point, 10 pitch
font.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

HOSV

TJVYIINHO3L 230

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

—

The printer compares your selections with the character sets and fonts it has

available, looking for an exact match (type family, character set, type size,

proportions). If it does not find an exact match, the printer compares for the

nearest match of attributes (spacing, type size, proportion, weight, style).

Using the font file data stored in the printer, you can select the characters to
print from in two steps.

1. Select a character set (Paragraph 4.3).

2. Select a type family or font (Paragraph 4.4).

4.3

SELECTING GRAPHIC CHARACTER SETS

There are four graphic character sets stored in the LNOS.
ASCII

DEC supplemental
DEC technical

VT100 line drawing

You select a character set for printing as follows (Figure 4-2).

1. Designate the set as GO, G1, G2, or G3.
2. Map the designated set into the graphic left (GL) or graphic right (GR)
table in memory. You can then use the set for printing.
The graphic left (GL) table is used when the character code format is 7-bit, or

when the the character code format is 8-bit and the graphic characters are in

the 2/1 through 7/14 range. The graphic right (GR) table is used when the
character code format is 8-bit and the graphic characters are in the 10/0
through 15/15 range.

You do not have to select a character set every time you use the printer. You
can use the default character sets. When you power up or reset the printer, the
ASCIl set is designated as GO and G1, and the DEC supplemental set is

designated as G2 and G3. In other words, the default character set is the DEC
multinational set (ASCIlI and DEC supplemental sets).

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

[
| co

—— A —|
C1
GL

[MAPPING

(LOCKING SHIFT

AND SINGLE SHIFT)

DESIGNATING

96-CHAR

94-CHAR
GRAPHIC

REPERTORY]
‘

}~
-

GRAPHIC
REPERTORY
o

MA-1483-84

Figure 4-2

Selecting Character Sets

You can only designate a character set you have stored in the printer. You can
designate any of the standard 16 character sets (Appendix B) by using the
basic escape sequence in Table 4-1. The intermediate character selects GO,

G1, G2, or G3. The final character selects the character set. For example, to
designate the U.K. set as GO, you would use the following sequence.

ESC

(

111

2/8

4/2

You can lock (map) the GO, G1, G2, or G3 character set into GL or GR memory

by using the locking-shift (LS) control functions in Table 4-2. Figures 4-3 and 44 show this process for 7-bit and 8-bit character sets. The character set

remains available for printing until you lock another set into GL or GR.
You can print a single character from the G2 or G3 character set by using the

single-shift (8S) control functions in Table 4-2. The SS functions temporarily
store the G2 or G3 set in GL. After printing the single character, the printer
returns to the previous set locked in GL.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

s
-

g
o

isgg,n

.
o

g
b

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=
-

i .-. ":,'7”

;.:mr L

S
i

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.
.

;vg’};g

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i

L
i

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i

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.

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.
T-

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

.“s

SO OR LS1

G2
IO

94-CHA R

96 -CHAR

GRAPHIC

REPE RTORY

—

REP ERTORY

7 -BITS

—

M A, - 14864 -84

F igure 4 3

Invoking Ch aracter Sets (7 B

Mode)
s

|
1

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

94-CHAR

GRAPHIC

96-CHAR

‘

GRAPHIC

REPERTORY | [T

REPERTORY
8-BITS
MA- 14868
- B4

Figure 4-4

4.4

Invoking Character Sets (8-Bit Mode)

LOADING, ASSIGNING, AND SELECTING FONT FILES

The LNO3 has 32 font files stored in ROM. Each font file includes data for one
of the four standard character sets: ASCIl, DEC supplemental, DEC technical,

or VT100 line drawing. You can down-line-load up to 31 other font files from the
host computer, if enough RAM memory (including cartridges) is available.

Each font file also includes the data for one font, which is part of a type family.
You can identify font files by a type family ID, a font ID, and a font file ID.
The type family ID has seven characters. Here are the type family IDs for the
four standard type families used with ROM-resident font files.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

Type Family

Identification

Courier

RCOURIR

Elite

RELITEO

DEC builtin

DBULTNT1

Pi font

D000000

PO,

The font ID has 16 characters (no lowercase letters) and describes the seven

basic font attributes (including type family) of the ROM fonts.

The font file ID has 31 characters. It describes the character set and the font
attributes. Appendix D lists all standard type family, font, and font file IDs for

the ROM font files.
To make a font file available for printing, you must assign a select graphic
rendition (SGR) number to the file (Paragraph 4.4.2). You assign an SGR
number to the type family ID or font ID. Then you can select the SGR number

for printing. When you power up or reset the printer, it selects SGR number 10

for printing (Paragraph 5.14).
4.4.1

Loading Font Files (DECLFF)

Before loading font files in the printer, you should print a status sheet (Figure 22). The status sheet shows you what fonts are available. If necessary, you
should delete unneeded font files in the printer, to make space for the new

files.

Font files are loaded in memory with a specific orientation—portrait or landscape. All 10-, 10.3-, and 12-pitch fonts have portrait orientation, and all 13.6-

pitch fonts have landscape orientation. The printer can change (rotate) the

orientation, if enough memory is available.

NOTE:

If you need to rotate the orientation of a font, you can reduce the

memory needed by having the same character set in both GL and GR.

5155

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

After you load font files in memory, they remain available for printing until one
of the following events occurs.
e You load new fonts with a Ps3 parameter value of 0, to delete all down-

line-loaded fonts. (See the following escape sequence description.)
e You load the same font file again.
e You shut off system power. The default built-in fonts are available at

power-up (Paragraph 5.14).
e You remove the RAM cartridge that contains the font.

The format for the load font file (DECLFF) sequence is as follows.
Font

DCS Ps1

;

Ps2

;

Ps3

Record

Comment

;

Record

Ps1 Parameter

Ps1 is the font file indicator that specifies the font file format used in the

command string. Ps1 must be 0, which indicates the file is in the Digital font file
format. Otherwise, the printer ignores the load font set.
NOTE:

You can only use font files that are in the Digital font file format. You

cannot use LNO1 font files with the LNOS.
Ps2 Parameter

Ps2 specifies whether or not to print a summary sheet (Figure 2-2).
Ps2

Function

Print summary sheet. (defauit)

Do not print summary sheet.

If you use a numeric value other than 0 or 1, the printer assumes a 1 value.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

Ps3 Parameter

Ps lets you select which font ffles to delete before the printer loads new font

files.
Ps3

Function

Delete all font files.
1

Delete selected font files that have the same fcmt flle ID as a font

file being loaded.
If there are several font files with the same font file ID, the last font file loaded
replaces the previously loaded font file. If a font file loaded from the host has
the same font file ID as a ROM-resident font file or cartridge font file, the host-

loaded font file overrides but does not delete the other font file.

You can load font files in the middie of a page. Be careful, however, when you
delete a font file in the middle of a page. An error will occur if one or more

characters already imaged on the page need the deleted font file. The printer

will eject the page in order to print at the same position on the new page.

Final Character
The final y (7/9) character identifies the DECLFF control function. The data
between the y and the string terminator represents the font command string.

This data comes from the 2/0 through 7/14 range.
NOTE:

You can print a summary sheet and delete all font files prewous/y

loaded from the host, by sending the following sequence.

DCS

;

9/0

3/0

3/11

3/0

3/11

3/0

7/9

9/12

Font Record

The font record contains data on one or more font files. Usually, each font file
contains the character images for a particular character set in a particular font.

The string introducer DCS Ps1 ; Ps2 ; Ps3 y indicates the beginning of the font
record. The string terminator ST indicates the end of the font record.

The font record is in Digital font file format. This record contains binary data

that has been converted to a sixel format, as described in Paragraph 6.3.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

If the printer receives an escape or control sequence in the middle of a font
record, the printer loads those fonts already received and makes them availa-

ble for assignment and selection. Incomplete or partial fonts are ignored.
Comment record

The comment recordis a list of user text, separated from the font record by a ;
(3/11). The comment record is an optional parameter that is ignored by the
printer.

4.4.2

Assign Type Family or Font (DECATFF)

To select fonts for printing, you must assign a select graphic rendition (SGR)
number to the the type family ID (7 characters) or font ID (16 characters). Each
font file contains an ID string as part of its font record.

The assign font number sequence assigns a type family ID or a font ID to the

indicated SGR number. You can then use the select font escape sequence
(Paragraph 4.4.3) to select the font for printing.

The format for the assign font number sequence is as follows.

DCS Ps1

;

Ps1 Parameter

Ps2

IDSting
|

Ps1 selects which font assignment to parmrm
Ps1

Function

0
1

Same as 1. (default)
Assign font ID to SGR number.

Assign type family ID to SGR number.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

Ps2 Parameter

Ps2 selects the SGR number to assign to the type family ID or font ID. The
following table indicates the SGR number assignment at power-up.
Ps2

SGR

Assignment

Font or Type Family

Type family

= DBULTNT

DEC built-in-1 family

Type family

= RCOURIR

Courier family

Type family

RELITEO

Elite family

Font

RCOURIRJ02SKO0GG

Courier 10 point, 10 pitch

Font

RELITEOLO2SKOOGG

Elite 10 point, 12 pitch

RCOURIR101VKOOGG

Courier 6.7 point, 13.6 pitch

Font

RCOURIR202SK00GG

Courier 10 point, 10.3 pitch

Type family

DBULTN1

DEC built-in-1 family

Type family

DBULTN1

DEC built-in-1 family

Type family

DBULTN1

DEC built-in-1 family

NOTE: All font cartridges are assigned an SGR of 17, 18, or 19. They can
override automatic assignments of ROM-resident fonts. If two cartridges have

the same SGR, then you must assign a new SGR to one of them.
Type Family ID or Font ID String

The type family ID or font ID identifies which font file to assign to the SGR

number (Ps2). You cannot use lowercase letters for a type family ID or font ID.
You can assign up to 10 fonts at one time. Font assignments can occur
anywhere in the data stream. You can send an unlimited number of assign font
number sequences to the printer.

The printer will accept an ID for a font file not currently stored. However, if you

try to print a character from the missing font file, the printer prints a reverse
question mark < instead. If you assign an ID to an SGR number that already
has an ID assigned, the new assignment replaces the old one.

4.4.3

Selecting Fonts (SGR)

This sequence selects a font for printing. The format for the select font

sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

***

6/13

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

NOTE:

You can also use the SGR sequence to select several character attrib-

utes (Paragraphs 5.10). You can combine several SGR sequences by separating Ps values with semicolons.
Ps Parameter

Ps values in the range of 10 through 19 select the font or type family used for

printing. (See Paragraph 4.4.2 for the initial SGR number assignments.) If you
want to print more than 10 fonts or type families on a page, you must reassign
other IDs to these SGR numbers.

If you select a type family, you have two choices for the other six font attributes

(type size, spacing, and so on). You can use the default values for those
attributes, or you can change one or more attributes by using control
sequences. If you select a specific font, all seven font attributes are already
defined. So, selecting a type family gives you more options.
NOTE: Some type families have both proportionally spaced and monospaced
fonts. If you select a type family for proportional spacing, you must set the
proportional spacing mode (Paragraph 5.2.5). The default is monospacing.

You can use the select font sequence anywhere in the data stream. The
selected font remains in effect until the printer receives another select font
sequence or a reset to initial state (RIS) sequence (Paragraph 5.14). After a

power-up or RIS sequence, the printer uses SGR number 10.

If you send an assign type family or font (DECATFF) sequence for the current
SGR number, the sequence takes effect immediately. You do not have to
:

reselect the current SGR number.

You can select an SGR number that does not have a type family ID or a font ID
assigned. However, when you try to print a character from that font, the
reverse question mark ¢ error character will print.

4.5 DELETING TYPE FAMILY OR FONT FILES (DECDTFF)
This sequence lets you delete down-line-loaded fonts identified by a type family

ID or font file ID. This sequence allows the host computer to control font

memory storage. The format for the sequence is as follows.
DCS

9/0

*@w

[IDString

de deded ke
7/14 e

ST
9/12

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

Ps Parameter

Ps identifies the ID string as a type family ID or font file ID. The printer ignores

this sequence if you use any values other than 0 or 1

Function

The ID string is a type family ID.

The ID string is a font file ID.

The ID string identifies the type family or font to delete The type family ID is 7
characters long, and the font file ID is 31 characters.

4.6

FONT STATUS

Font status sequences help the host computer to control and manage font
memory. The host sends a request font status sequence, and the printer

replies with a font status report. The report informs the host which fonts are
currently available in the printer.

4.6.1

Raquest Font Status (DECRFS)

The host sends this sequence to request a status report of the fonts available

for printing, the memory bytes available
for loading new fonts, or both. The
format for the sequence is as follows.

CSl

;

“

{

911

3/11

2/2

7/11

Ps Parameter

|
This parameter selects the type of font status requested. You can use several
Ps values in the sequence.

Function

Send both reports (same as 1 and 2). (default)

Send status of ROM fonts, down-line-loaded fonts, and cartridge

fonts.
2

Send status of memory bytes available for down line-loaded

fonts.

NOTE:

If you use more than one Ps value in the DECFSR sequence, separate
the values with a semicolon. If you use only one Ps value, omit the semicolon.
The printer would treat the semicolon as a 0 parameter.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

4.6.2

Font Status Report (DECFSR)

The printer uses this sequence to report the font status requested. There is a

separate report for the two types of status requests. The following sequences
show the formats for both responses.
Response to a DECRFS request with a Ps parameter of 1

DCS

“

{

IDString

9/0

3/1

2/2

T7/11

*es

The ID string includes (in order) the type family name, the type family ID in
parentheses, a colon (:), then a new line(s) with each font name. Each new type
family starts
on a new line after a semicolon. A blank line indicates the end of

the previous family.
Example

type family name (type famnly ID):
font file ID,

font file ID;
type family name (type family ID):
font file ID;

Response to a DECRFS request with a Ps parameter of 2

DCS

“

{

nnn

9/0

3/2

2/2

7/11

9/12

nnn is a dac:mal number that indicates the number of bytes available in memo-

ry for down-line-loaded font files.

4.7 SELECTING FONT SIZES
The following two sequences let you select the height (pomt size) and width of
fonts when you select a type family ID for printing. If you also want to change
the pitch (characters per inch), use the spacing pitch increment (SPI) sequence

(Paragraph 5.4.1) or the select horizontal spacing (SHS) sequence (Paragraph
5.4.4).

NOTE: To use the graphic size salmtion (GSS) sequence to scale characters,

you must have a font file in the printer that allows scaling.

SELECTING CHARACTER SETS AND FONTS

4.7.1

Graphic Size Selection (GSS)

This sequence sets the height and width of all characters in the font selected
after the sequence. The GSS sequence remains in effect until the printer
receives another GSS sequence or a graphic size modification (GSM)

sequence (Paragraph 4.7.2). The format for the sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

2/0

4/3

Pn Parameter
Pn is a decimal value that specifies the height of the font in units determined by

the select size unit (SSU) sequence (Paragraph 5.3). The width of the font is

implicitly defined by the height. For example, the width for a 10 point font is 10

pitch.
Initial value: Pn = 100.

4.7.2

Graphic Size Modification (GSM)

This sequence lets you modify the height and width set by the graphmc size

selection (GSS) sequence for all designated fonts (Paragraph 4.7.1). The GSM
sequence remains in effect until the the printer receives another GSM or GSS

sequence. The format for the sequence is as follows.

CSI

Pn1

;

Pn2

9/11

3/11

2/0

4/2
A

Pn Parameters

Default value: depends on the the paper size switch (Figure 1-1).
Paper Size Switch

Default

8-1/2 x 11

Pn1 =100, Pn2 = 100

Pn1 =100, Pn2 = 83

Pn1is a decimal value that specifies the height as a percentage of the height

set by the GSS sequence.

Pn2 is a decimal value that specifies the width as a percentage of the wndth set

by the GSS sequence.

NOTE:

You can use GSM to select a different-size font from the fonts aVaila-

ble in a type family. See Appendix F for an example of how to use GSM.

Lol

5.1

Printing Features You Can Change

5.2

Set/Reset Mode

5.2.1

Line Feed/New Line Mode (LNM)

5.2.2

Carriage Return/New Line Mode (DECCRNLM)

5.2.3

Autowrap Mode (DECAWM) 70

5.2.4

Pitch Select Mode (DECPSM)

5.2.5

Proportional Spacing (DECPSP)

5.2.6

Origin Placement Mode (DECOPM)

5.2.7

Position Unit Mode (PUM)

5.3

Select Size Unit (SSU)

Spacing

5.4.2
54.3

72
73

Select Vertical (Line) Spacing (SVS)

Set Vertical Pitch (DECVERP)

544

Select Horizontal (Character) Spacing (SHS)

5.4.5

Set Horizontal Pitch (DECSHORP)

Page Print Area and Margins

5.5.1

Page Format Select (PFS)

5.5.2

Set Lines per Physical Page (DECSLPP)

5.5.3

Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM)

Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM)

“ Active Column and Active Line

Horizontal Position Absolute (HPA)

102

5.6.2

Horizontal Position Relative (HPR)

103

5.6.3

Horizontal Position Backward (HPB)

5.6.4

Vertical Position Absolute (VPA)

104

5.6.5

Vertical Position Relative (VPR)

105

5.6.6

Vertical Position Backward (VPB)

56.7

Cursor
Up (CUU)

98
100

102

5.6.1

5.6.9

5.5

5.6

Spacing Pitch Increment (SPI)

5.4.1

104

106

Partial Line Up (PLU) - Superscripting

107

Partial Line Down (PLD) - Subscripting

107

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.7

Tab Stops

108

5.71

Set Horizontal Tabulation Stops (DECSHTS)

108

5.7.2

Setting Vertical Tabulation Stops (DECSVTS)

109

573

Tabulation Clear (TBC)

110

5.8

Product Identification (DA) 110

5.9

Printer Status

111

5.9.1

Device Status Request (DSR)

5.9.2

Device Status Report

5.10

Selecting Character Attributes

5.10.1

Underlining

5.10.2

Bold Printing

5.10.3

Italic Printing - 117

5.10.4

115

116
116

Justification (JFY)

118

5.11

Justification (JFY)

5.12

Drawing Vectors (DECVEC)

118

5.13

Reset

5.14

Initial Values and States

5.1

111

112

120

121
121

PRINTING FEATURES YOU CAN CHANGE

This chapter describes the ANSI and ISO standard control functions you can
use to control how the LNO3 processes data. You can select from several
standard page formats, change line and character spacing, change margins,

add and delete tabs, and perform many other functions to create your printed

page.

Appendix F contains some helpful hints and examples using LN03 commands.
The appendix also includes some problem-solving information.

NOTE:

When you power up the printer or send a reset sequence, the printer

sets several control functions to an initial state. Paragraph 5.14 lists these

initial states. The individual description of each control function also identifies
the initial state of that function (if any). Paragraph 5.13 describes the two reset

sequences.
5.2

SET/RESET MODE

Printer modes control some basic printing features, such as wrapping text at

the end of a printed line. These features have only two settings—set or reset.
For example, you can set autowrap mode (wrap text at the right margin of a
page) or reset autowrap mode (lose text that exceeds the right margin).
Paragraphs 5.2.1 through 5.2.7 describe each printer mode and explain their
functions.

ORI

PRINTING COMMANDS

You can use one sequence to turn several printer modes on or turn several
printer modes off. The set and reset mode sequences use Ps parameter values

to select different printer modes.

There are two types of parameters for these sequences, ANSI and DEC private. When you use more than one parameter in a sequence, make sure all

parameters are of the same type, all ANSI or all DEC private. A DEC private
parameter string has a question mark ? (3/15) as the first character.
NOTE:

The number 3/15 tells you that the ? character appears in column 3,

row 15 of an ASCIl character set table. See Paragraph 3.1.1 for more
information.

The formats for the set and reset mode sequences are as follows.

Set Mode
CSl

9/11 ***

6/8

Reset Mode

CSl

9/11

***

6/12

Ps Parameter

Ps selects the printer mode to set or reset. Each mode is described in the
paragraph listed.

Printer Mode

Paragraph

Position unit mode (PUM)

5.2.7

Line feed/new line mode (LNM)

5.2.1

ANSI

11
20

DEC Private

?7
727
7?29
?40
752

Autowrap mode (DECAWM)
Proportional spacing mode (DECPSP)
Pitch select mode (DECPSM)
Carriage return/new line mode (DECCRNLM)
Origin placement mode (DECOPM)

523
525
5.2.4
5.2.2
52.6

5.2.1

PRINTING COMMANDS

Line Feed/New Line Mode (LNM)

This mode defines the printer’'s response to the line feed (LF) control character.
When line feed/new line mode is reset (off) and the printer receives the LF

character, the printer advances the paper one line. The active column does not
move to the left margin.

When line feed/new line mode is set (on) and the printer receives the LF

character, the printer advances the paper one line and returns the active

column to the left margin.
The formats for the LNM sequence are as follows.

Initial state: LNM reset.

LNM Reset Mode

csl

9/11

3/2

3/0

6/12
S

Turns line feed/new line mode off. An LF character advances the active line
only.
LNM Set Mode

csi

9/11

3/2

3/0

6/8

Turns line feed/new line mode on. An LF character advances the active line and
returns the active column to the left margin.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.2.2 Carriage Return/New Line Mode (DECCRNLM)
This mode defines the printer’s response to the carriage return (CR) control
character.

When carriage return/new line mode is reset (off) and the printer receives a CR
character, the printer returns the active column to the left margin without
advancing the active line.

When carriage return/new line mode is set (on) and the printer receives the CR

character, the printer returns the active column to the left margin and advances

the paper one line.

The formats for the DECCRNLM sequence are as follows.
Initial state: DECCRNLM reset.
DECCRNLM Reset Mode

cst

9/11

3/15 3/4

3/0 6/12

Turns carriage return/new line mode off. A CR character returns the active
column to the left margin, without advancing to a new line.
DECCRNLM Set Mode

csi

9/11

3/15 3/4

3/0

6/8

Turns carriage return/new line mode on.

A CR character returns the active

column to the left margin and advances the paper one line.

PRINTING COMMANDS

2.2.3

Autowrap Mode (DECAWM)

This mode determines what happens when text exceeds the right margin.
When the autowrap mode is set (on) and text exceeds the right margin, the

active position moves to the left margin on the next line.
When the autowrap mode is reset (off) and text exceeds the right margin, the
text is lost. The formats for the DECAWM sequence are as follows.

NOTE:

This sequence overrides the autowrap mode switch SP2-4 (Paragraph

2.4.2).
A

Initial state: depends on the SP2-4 switch setting.

DECAWM Set Mode

cCsl

9/11

3/15 3/7

6/8

Turns autowrap mode on. Text exceeding the right margin wraps to the left
margin on the next line.

DECAWM Reset Mode

csl

9/11

2?2

3/15 3/7

6/12

Turns autowrap mode off. Text exceeding the right margin is lost.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.2.4

Pitch Select Mode (DECPSM)

This mode controls the set horizontal pitch (DECSHORP) sequence Paragraph

5.4.5).

When pitch select mode is reset (off), the printer uses the horizontal pitch
selected by the DECSHORP sequence.
When pitch select mode is set (on), the printer uses the default horizontal pitch
of the current font.

The formats for the DECPSM sequence are as follows.
Initial state: DECPSM reset.

DECPSM Reset Mode

cst

9/11 3/156 3/2

3/9

6/12

Turns pitch select mode off. DECSHORP selects the horizontal pitch.

DECPSM Set Mode

csi
9/11

3/15 3/2

3/9

6/8

Turns pitch select mode on. The current font determines the horizontal pitch.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.2.5

Proportional Spacing (DECPSP)

This mode is for use with proportional fonts. DECPSP lets you select proportional spacing or monospacing of characters.

When proportional spacing mode is set, the printer uses proportional spacing
based on the current font. When proportional spacing mode is reset, the printer
returns to the monospacing it was using before proportional printing.

The formats for the DECPSP sequence are as follows.

Initial state: DECPSP reset.
Reset Mode

csl
9/11

3/15 3/2

3/7

6/12

Turns proportional spacing mode off. The printer returns to monospaced
printing.

Set Mode
csl
9/11

3/15 3/2

3/7

6/8

Turns proportional spacing mode on.

NOTE:

To use proportional spacing, you must first select a proportional font.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.2.6

Origin Placement Mode (DECOPM)

This mode selects the starting point for printing on the page. You can select

either the corner of the printable area or the corner of the physical page (Figure
5-4). DECOPM is a convenient method of converting any existing software that
addresses the edge of the paper.

When origin placement mode is reset (off), the origin is set 0.25 inches in from

the upper-left corner of the physical page. When origin placement mode is set
(on), the origin is set to the upper-left corner of the physical page.
The formats for the DECOPM sequence are as follows.
Initial state: DECOPM reset.

DECOPM Reset Mode

csl

9/11

3/15 3/5

3/2

6/12

Turns origin placement mode off. Printing starts 0.25 inches from the upper-left
corner of the physical page.
DECOPM Set Mode

cst

9/11

3/15 3/5

3/2

6/8

Turns origin placement mode on. Printing starts at the upper-left corner of the
physical page.

PRINTING COMMANDS

SRR
5

5.2.7

Position Unit Mode (PUM)

This sequence selects a unit of measurement used with escape sequences
that control spacing parameters. Table 5-1 lists the escape sequences affected

by PUM.

The formats for the PUM sequence are as follows.

Initial state: PUM reset.
R

PUM Reset Mode

csl

9/11

3/1

6/12

Selects a spacing unit equal to one character position, called a character cell.
The height of a character cell equals the current horizontal spacing increment,
and the width equals the current vertical spacing increment. To set horizontal

and vertical spacing, see Paragraph 5.4.

PUM Set Mode

Ccsi

9/11

3/1

6/8

Selects either decipoints or pixels, depending on the setting of the select size
unit (SSU) sequence (Paragraph 5.3).

RIS

PRINTING COMMANDS

. .
.

W
s

o
%:;% i}
i

‘.«:Z; S
R

«.,‘fl X

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.3

SELECT SIZE UNIT (SSU)

This sequence works with the position unit mode (PUM)

sequence (Paragraph
9.2.7) to select a unit of measurement for spacing paramet
ers (Table 5-1).
When PUM is set, SSU selects either decipoints or pixels for
a unit.

If the printer receives an SSU while PUM is reset, the selected
unit takes effect
when PUM is set. The unit remains in effect until the printer
receives another

SSU or a reset sequence.

After a power-up or reset, the printer uses decipoint units.

SSU sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

2/0

4/9

The format for the

Ps Parameter
Ps selects decipoint or pixel units. The printer ignores any values other

or 7.

than 2

Spacing Unit

Decipoint

(1/720 inch)

Pixel

(1/300 inch)

NOTE:

The printer converts decipoints (D) into pixel (P) values by using the
following formula and rounding off the result to the nearest integer.
DX5
A

12
All arithmetic operations are performed using integer instructions. The printer
converts 1 decipoint to 0 pixels and 2 decipoints to 1 pixel.
i

If you select decipoint units, do not use the horizontal position relative (HPR)

and vertical position relative (VPR) sequences (Paragraphs 5.6.2 and 5.6.5).

HPR and VPR both cause a cumulative positioning error, due to rounding.

PRINTING COMMANDS

This section describes five sequences that affect the spacing of lines and

characters. Spacing depends on horizontal and vertical pitch. Horizontal pitch

affects character spacing (characters per inch), and vertical pitch affects line
spacing (lines per inch).

NOTE:

The spacing sequences do not affect character size.

You can change horizontal and vertical pitch values with the select character

spacing (SHS) and select vertical spacing (SVS) sequences, or with the spacing
increment (SP1) sequence. These three sequences can use different units of
measurement—character size, decipoints, or pixels. To select the unit of measurement, you use the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU)
sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

As an alternative, you can use the set horizontal pitch (DECSHORP) and set
vertical pitch (DECVERP) sequences to change spacing.

NOTE: The printer executes all spacing commands (except DECSHORP)
when they are received. The new spacing increment takes effect inmediately.
5.4.1

Spacing Pitch Increment (SPI)

This sequence sets the vertical and horizontal spacing increments for all characters that follow in the data stream. You can set one or both increments with
one SPI sequence. SPI gives you maximum flexibility in adjusting character and
line spacing.

SPI uses dempmnts or pumls for a unit of measurement. You select the unit
with the select size unit (SSU) sequence (Paragraph 5.3). SPIis not affected by
the position unit mode (PUM) sequence (Paragraph 5.2.7) or by the page
orientation. For example, if you set a vertical increment of 50 pixels (1/6 inch),
the prmter us&s this setting for both portrait and landscape pages.
You can change the SPI setting for horizontal spacmg by using one of the
following s&quences

e Another SPI sequence

e Most combinations of the pitch select mode (DECPSM) sequence (Paragraph 5.2.4) and set horizontal pitch (DECSHORP) sequence (Paragraph
5.4.5)

e A set horizontal space (SHS) sequence (Paragraph 5.4.4)

PRINTING COMMANDS

IR SG

You can change the SPI setting for vertical spacing by using one of the following sequences.

e A set vertical spacing (SVS) sequence (Paragraph 5.4.2)

e A set vertical pitch (DECVERP) sequence (Paragraph 5.4.3)

The format for the SPI sequence is as follows.

CSl

Pni

;

Pn2

911

***

3/11

***

2/0

4/7

NOTE:

You should use SPI to set pitch. If Pn1 or Pn2 is 0 (or omitted), the

printer uses the font file pitch for that setting.

Pn Parameters
G,

Initial value: Pn1 = 0, Pn2 = 0.
Pn1 selects the vertical spacing increment and Pn2 selects the horizontal
spacing increment.

NOTE:

Parameters must be positive decimal integers. Do not use a parameter with a decimal point. The printer will ignore the command,

If a position command does not precede a graphic character, then the printer

automatically places that character to the right of the previously received character. The distance between characters depends on the values af Pn1 and Pn2

in the most recent SPI sequence
If you do not send an SPI, or you set the Pn1 or Pn2 value to 0, then the printer

uses the default vertical and horizontal spacing for the current font. For monospaced fonts, the horizontal spacing is the same for all characters. For propor-

tional fonts, the horizontal spacing is based on the widths of the characters
(stored as part of the font attnbutes)

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.4.2 Select Vertical (Line) Spacing (SVS)
This s@quam};e selects the line spacing (vertical pitch) used with all fonts. The

format of the SVS sequence is as follows.

9/11

2/0

4/12

Ps Parameter

|
|
Ps selects the vertical pitch and vertical character position unit. Figure 5-1
shows an example of different vertical pitches.

~
Vertical Pitch

Positioning Unit

6 lines per inch

1/6 inch (default)

4 lines per inch

1/4 inch

3 lines per inch

1/3 inch

12 lines per inch

1/12 inch

8 lines per inch

1/8 inch

6 lines per 30 mm

5 mm

4 lines per 30 mm

7.5 mm

3 lines per 30 mm

10 mm

12 lines per 30 mm

2.5

2 lines per inch

1/2 inch

LINES

SHOULD BE

PRINTED

PER

INCH

LINES

PER

INCH

LINES PER

INCH

PER

INCH

PER

INCH

LINES

PER

INCH

LINES

PER

LINES

SHOULD

PRINTED

THESE

LINES

SHOULD

PRINTED

LINES

THESE
THESE

LINES

SHOULD

PRINTED

SHOULD
SHOULD

PRINTED

AT
AT

LINES

]PI‘IIWQPE“)s AT

THESE

LINES
LINES

THESE

EiE:,

'SHOULD

THESE

LINES 'SHOULD

THESE
THESE

LINES
LINES

SHOULD
SHOULD

PRINTED AT
PRINTED

BE PRINTED
BE
BE

PRINTED AT
PRINTED AT

THESE

&£

THESE LINES SHOULD BE PRINTED AT

LINES

ORI

THESE

Vertical Character

©CoOoO~NOOSE,WN -0

INCH

LINES PER

INCH

LINES PER

INCH

LINES- PER

INCH
INCH

LINES PER

LINES

PER

INCH

MA -1127-85

Figure 5-1

Vertical Pitch Example

5.4.3

PRINTING COMMANDS

Set Vertical Pitch (DECVERP)

This sequence selects the number of lines printed per inch on a page. When

you change the vertical pitch, the white space between lines changes. For

example, if you increase the number of lines printed per inch, you decrease the

amount of white space between the lines. Vertical pitch does not affect character size.

Unlike some Digital printers, the LNO3 printer does not reset the top and

bottom margins to the limits of the printed page after receiving a DECVERP
sequence. However, DECVERP does change the position of the current vertical

tabs. Each vertical tab stop value is multiplied by the new line height divided by
the old line height. This method keeps a constant number of lines between
vertical tabs. Print lines set by vertical tabs will move up or down according to

the DECVERP value.
The format for the DECVERP sequence is as follows.

CSl

9/11

7/10

Ps Parameter

Ps selects the vertical pitch (lines per inch).
Ps

Pitch

Determined by current font. (default)

O NDWN
=

(The DEC built-in-1 font selects 6.25 lines/inch)
6

8
12
2

3
4

Selects pitch to fit 66 lines on 8-1/2 X 11 paper.

For the LNO3 printer, selects 6.25 lines/inch. This
setting is not affected by the DECSLPP sequence

(Paragraph 5.5.2) or the page size.
G,
R

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.4.4

Sefiect Horizontal (Character) Spacing (SHS)

This sequence selects the character spacing (horizontal pitch) and character

size for fixed-width (monospace) fonts. SHS has no effect on proportional
fonts when you use proportional spacing(Paragraph 5.2.5). The format of the

SHS sequence is as follows.
CSI

9/11

2/0

4/11

Ps Parameter
Ps selects the horizontal pitch and the horizontal character position unit. Figure

5-2 shows an example of different horizontal pitches.

Horizontal Character
Ps

Horizontal Pitch

Position Unit

10 characters per inch

-1/10 inch (default)

12 characters per inch

1/12 inch

15 characters per inch

1/15 inch

6 characters per inch

1/6 inch

Figure 5-2

Horizontal Pitch Example

;

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.4.5

Set Horizontal Pitch (DECSHORP)

This sequence selects the character width and character spacing for fixedwidth (monospace) fonts. To set character width, DECSHORP selects a hori-

zontal pitch (the number of characters printed per inch on a line).
The pitch select mode (DECPSM) controls the execution of the DECSHORP

sequence (Paragraph 5.2.4). When DECPSM is set, the printer uses the horizontal pitch of the current font. When DECPSM is reset, the printer uses the
horizontal pitch selected by the last DECSHORP. DECPSM lets you switch

between the DECSHORP value and the current font value.
Changing the horizontal pitch changes the white space around characters.
Figure 5-2 shows an example DECSHORP also changes the following
settings.
e

Resets the left and right margins to the printable limits.

e Resets the line home and line end posmons to the printable limits (Paragraph 5.5.1)

e Changes current horizontal tab stops. Each tab stop value is multiplied by
the new horizontal pitch divided by the old horizontal pitch. This process
keeps a constant number of character widths between tab stops. Both

DECSHORP and DECPSM change the print positions set by tab
characters.
The format for the DECSHORP sequence is as follows.

CSlI

9/11

PRINTING COMMANDS

Ps Parameter

Ps selects the horizontal pitch (characters per inch).

Determined by current font. (default)

]

(Characters per Inch)

©CoOoO~NOOOEL,WOWN
-0

Horizontal Pitch

13.2

16.5
5

6.6
8.25
15

~ 5.5

PAGE PRINT AREA AND MARGINS

Two factors define the size of your printed page.

e The printer's scanning limitations determine the maximum printable area
on a page.

e The margins determine the actual printable area on a page.
The LNO3 can scan an area of 2400 pixels by 3400 pixels, or
8 inches by 11.3
inches.

For portrait printing, the top scan line is 0.25 inches from the top of the paper.

All scan lines start 0.25 inches from the left edge of the paper.

For landscape printing, the top scan line also starts 0.25 inches from the top of
the paper. However, all scan lines stop 0.25 inches from the right edge of the
paper.

PRINTING COMMANDS

Figure 5-3 shows the two types of printing orientation. Table 5-2 lists the
maximum form length in pixels for each orientation. Figure 5-4 shows the

different printed page areas you can select, using the origin placement mode

(DECOPM) sequence (Paragraph 5.2.6).
The initial values for page printing (Paragraph 5.14) produce the following page

[

areas for ROM-resident fonts.
Initial Page Areas
Landscape font

66 lines per page

132 characters per line
Portrait font

66 lines per page

80 characters per line

PRINTING COMMANDS

ORIGIN —————t»
Y
o

HORIZONTAL

DIRECTION

LANDSCAPE ORIENTATION

(8.5in. X 11.0 in. STANDARD)

DIRECTION

DEFAULT®

ORIGIN

X
>

HORIZONTAL

DIRECTION

PORTRAIT
ORIENTATION

{8.5 in. ')( 11.0in. STANDARD)

(8.26 in. X 11.7 in. — A4)

VERTICAL
DIRECTION

BOTTOM EDGE
MA-1492-8B4

Figure 5-3

Page Printing Orientation

PRINTING COMMANDS

P25 0n.
e

.25 in.

Y. TN|

ORIGIN

| 8.0 in.

10.76 in.

PORTRAIT
B.5 X11.0 INCHES
OPM SET

= 2400 PIXELS

= 3225 PIXELS

WITHIN DOT‘TED/{(
PRINTED AREA

Bl
NS
ORIGIN

26 in||

: B.0 in,
|

PORTRAIT

11.0 in.

2400 PIXELS

8.5 X 11.0 INCHES

= 3150 PIXELS

|
I

‘

|
|

e e s e

|11.0in.

10.5 in.

OPM RESET

LINES

.25 in, -

'Q"‘ e

|
|

I 8.0in,
PORTRAIT A4 | | -=2400 PIXELS

|
|

I
|

ORIGIN

PORTRAIT A4

l 8.0 in,
| = 2400 PIXELS

OPM SET

25 in.|

OPM RESET

|
:

11.33 in.
= 3400 PIXELS

=3225 PIXELS

THIS EDGE 1S

THIS EDGE

THE SAME AS

11.01n

ig: “““““ - - )
t}

LANDSCAPE

| 10.5in.
l = 3150 PIXELS

|
|

OPM RESET

85X 11.0 INCHES | TM

8.5 in.

8.0 in.

=2400 PIXELS

ORIGIN

25 in.

10.75 in.

4ol 250n.

. 25 N,
o

|
|

= 3400 PIXELS

Lo oo e

;

11.33 in.

8.5 X 11.0 INCHES

ORIGIN

|
g

LANDSCAPE

|
|

OPM SET

'K"'\"‘”"‘”””l”‘“"‘“‘”“‘!

]

80in.

= 2400 PIXELS

|
|

focos oo o,

—

—— oo

S——— a——_—

e e

—— e e

e —

e, 25 in

[
.25 in,

LANDSCAPE
Ad

OPM SET

|
i
i

oo—

vo———

w—

‘

=3400 PIXELS
8.0 in.
=2400 PIXELS

>
4

8.26 in.

‘

|
|

l
I

B oo

I-

k
|

=2400 PIXELS

| =3400PIXELS
r

OPM RESET |

8.0 in.

.
8.26 in.

I
omon moin. oo

v e

— o——e

Figure 5-4

LANDSCAPE | 113300

,2515:, r\omgw

11.33 in,

11.7in
e o o o o

ORIGIN

1490 -84

SRR

Page Printing Area
s

PRINTING COMMANDS

Changing the »Pfinting Area

There are two methods you can use to change the printing area.
1. You can set the printed page to one of several predefined formats with

the page format select (PFS) sequence (Paragraph 5.5.1).

2. You can changa the page margins and the number of lines per page with
the following sequences.

Set lines per physical page (DECSLPP, Paragraph 5.5.2)

Set top and bottom margins (DECSTBM, Paragraph 5.5.3)
Set left and right margins (DECSLRM, Paragraph 5.5.4)

By using the PFS sequence, you can set your page format with one command.
5.5.1

Page Format Select (PFS)

This sequence lets you select a page format from a list of standard formats.
The PFS formats set the following parameters.
e Origin — This is always set 0.25 inches down and in from the upper-left

corner of the page.
Print orientation

Top, bottom, left, and right margins

Line home, line end, page home and page end positions (defined below)
Form length
- The printer uses the format you select until you change the format. There are

two ways you can change a PFS format.

1. Send another PFS sequence.

2. Change the margins or lines per page (Paragraphs 5.5.2 through 5.5.4)

The line home position is the active position after a carriage return (CR). The
line home position and /ine end position serve as the left and right edges of the

printed page for justified text (Paragraph 5.11).

A CR may move the active

position forward or backward in order to reach the line home position.

PRINTING COMMANDS

The page home line is the active line after a form feed (FF). The index (IND),
next line (NL), and CR (in carriage return/new line mode) characters all cause a
form feed when they pass the page end line.

You should use the vertical position absolute and relative (VPA and VPR)
sequences to move below the page end line (Paragraphs 5.6.4 and 5.6.5). If a
line feed (LF) passes the page end line, then the printer prints the current page
and performs an FF to get to the next page.
Public and Private Parameters

PFS has two types of parameter values, public and DEC private.
Public parameters are defined by ANSI and have a value in the 0 through 7
range. The DEC private parameters are defined by Digital and start with a
question mark ? (3/15) character.

The format for the PFS sequence is as follows.
CSI

/11

2/0

4/10

Ps Parameter
Initial value: Ps = 7?20
Default value: Ps = 0

—

Ps selects 1 of 12 page formats. These formats are divided into two types, a
normal page format and an extended page format.

In normal format, the page home line is 1/2 inch below the top margin and the
page end line is 5/6 inch above the bottom margin.

In extended page format, the page home line is at the top margin and the page
end line is at the bottom margin.

NOTE:

If you select a portrait (tall) format, you should also select a portrait
font. Likewise, if you select a landscape (wide) format, you should select a

landscape font.

sualliamonimisy;

PRINTING COMMANDS

Format Description

OhWOWN
= O

Normal Page Formats

~ Tall text communication (default)

Wldfl text cammumcatwn

Tall A4 (210 mm X 297 mm)
Wide A4

Tall North American (NA) letter

Wide North American letter

Extended xPage Formats
6

Tall A4

Wide A4

220
721

722
723

Tall North American DEC private (initial)
Wide North American DEC private
Tall A4 DEC private
Wide A4 DEC private

Tables 5-3 s@howsy the printable area selected by each PFS format. The text
area is for justified text. Table 5-4 shows the pixel values set for the margins
and page positions.

Table 5-5 shows some typical page formats (lines per page and characters per
line) cmamd with PFS and the spacing sequences(Paragraph 5.4). You use the

spacing smuenc&s to select lines per inch and characters per inch.

PRINTING

COMMANDS

PRINTING COMMANDS

b
£

Gt
i

. fi%fi-

.
-~

.
i

‘

téTz&c

m&x

ey. . «Y-

5,'

Vrorm.,

oAm”.W/mfi%i

,-mw

m=.&WflflWw

w»-m ,vo

mnw%,fi

mfiv

o,).%.fMie-

.um&«

%‘-

S8e=-o

n.fl.fl.mv“ o

v&v« MflMu

% .

-m.,.S. ,fi;&.&e mw.%fmw{%L.:A

% S i 5&6 < T

&i\

SRS

SOOI

PRINTING COMMANDS

PFS Examples

1. Selecting a compatible font

You should select an appropriate size font for the printing orientation you
are using, portrait or landscape. The foliowing examples show some
typical selections, using three sequences: PFS, font select (SGR, Paragraph 4.4.3), and set top and bottom margins (DECSTBM, 5.5.3).
For This Page Format...

Use These Sequences

8.5-inch x 11-inch paper
Portrait (80 columns)

PFS:

CSiI ?20 SP J

DEC built-in-1 font

SGR:

CSI 10

66 lines

DECSTBM:

cCsSil1

;

667

Landscape (132 columns)

PFS:

CSl 721 SP J

Courier 6.7 point font

SGR:

CSI 15

66 lines

DECSTBM:

CsSi1

Portrait (132 columns)
DEC built-in-1 font

PFS:

SGR:

CSl 722 SP J
CSI 10 m

70 lines

DECSTBM:

csSil1

A4 paper

70r

The following examples compares two procedures. The left column is for the
LNO3 printer. The right column is for previous Digital printers. Both procedures
list a series of escape sequences to use, the correct parameter values for
Lo

those sequences (in parentheses), and the effect of each sequence.
LNO3 Printer

Previous Digital Printers

. Reset the printer.
RIS

DECSTR (Para. 5.13)

DECSTR

Has no effect in old printers.

PRINTING COMMANDS

LNO3 Printer

Previous Digital Printers

Set page format.
DECVERP

(2)

Selects 8 lines per inch.

Sets size unit for the
following DECSLPP sequence.

DECSLPP

(68)

Selects 68 lines for an 8-inch

form length.
Declares 8.5-inch page length
(similar to PFS).

DECHPWA

(0 ; 120)

Sets printable area to 10 inches,
with 0.25-inch left margin and

0.75-inch right margin.
PFS (Para. 5.5.1)

PFS

(?21)

Selects 8.5-inch page

Has no effect.

length (like DECSLPP).

Selects 11-inch page
width (like DECHPWA).

Set type size, character proportion, and spacing.
DECSHORP

(3)

Selects 13.2 characters/inch.
Sets type size to 10 point.

Sets character proportion to
100 x (10/13.2) percent, which
yields 13.2 characters/inch.

PRINTING COMMANDS

LNO3 Printer

Previous Digital Printers

GSM (Para. 4.7.2)

GSM

(100 ; 76)

Does not change type size.

Has no effect.

Sets character proportion

to 100 x (10/13.2) = 76 percent,

rounded to the next highest
integer.

SPI (Para. 5.4.1)

SPI

(87 ; 54)

Sets character position units

Has no effect.

to the largest values that
provide at least 132 columns. in
10 inches (54 decipoints) and

66 lines in 8 inches (87
decipoints).
NOTE:

The 54 parameter value creates 133 character positions per line. A 55

value would create 130 character positions. On the LNO3 printer, 54 decipoints

becomes 22 pixels, which creates 136 columns.
The 87 parameter value creates 66 lines per page. On the LNO3 printer, when

87 decipoints become 36 pixels, there are still only 66 lines.
4.

Set the margins.

DECSLRM (Para. 5.5.4)

DECSLRM

(5 ; 136)

Selects first 132 columns for

Same.

printing.

DECSTBM (Para. 5.5.3)

66)

Selects first 66 lines for
printing.

DECSTBM

(1; 66)

Same.

PRINTING COMMANDS

LNO3 Printer

Previous Digital Printers

Clear and set tab stops.

TBC (Para. 5.7.3)

TBC

(4)

DECSVTS (Para. 5.7.2)

DECSVTS

Clears all vertical tab stops.

Same.

9;17
;25 ; 33 ;

(9;17
;25 ;33 ;

41 ; 49 ; 57 ; 65)

Sets vertical tab stops that

Same.

fall within margins.

TBC (Para. 5.7.3)

TBC

(3)

Clears all horizontal tab stops.

Same.

DECSHTS (Para. 5.7.1)

DECSHTS

(917
;25 ;33 ;41 ; 49;

(9;17
;25 ;33 ;41 ; 49 ;

57 ;65;73;81;89;97;

57 ;65;73;81:89;97:

105 ;113 ; 121 ; 129)

105 ; 113 ; 121 ; 129)

Sets standard (8-column)

Same.

horizontal tab stops that
fall within margins.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.5.2 Set Lines per Physical Page (DECSLPP)

This ”sequerm?edafims the form length. The maximum form length depends on
the setting of the paper size switch, the origin point for page coordinates
(Paragraph 5.2.6), and the page orientation.

m form

ner of the paper, the maximu

er-left cor
If the origin is set to the upp
s

lengths are

e 3225 pixels for 8.5-inch X 1 1-inch paper and
e 3400 pixels for A4 paper.

If the origin is set to the upper-left corner of the printable area, the maximum
|
|
form lengths are
e 3150 pixels for 8.5-inch x 11-inch paper and
e 3400 pixels for A4 paper.

DECSLPP sets the top margin to 1 and the bottom margin to the form length. In
general, the form length limits the range of possible settings for the set top and
bottom margins (DECSTBM) sequence. The format for the DECSLPP
sequence is as follows.
CSI

9/11

7/4

Pn Parameter

Initial value: Pn = 0.

Pn sets the form length within the limits described above. If the Pn parameter is
0, or if Pn is greater than the maximum size for the paper and origin, then the
form length is set to the maximum for the paper and origin.

The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You
select the unit by using the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU)
sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the current line-height
setting. You can change the line height by changing the vertical spacing (Para-

graph 5.4).

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.5.3

Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM)

This sequence sets the top and bottom margins and the page home line. These

settings are relative to the current origin point for page coordinates (Paragraph
5.2.6).
The top vertical margin specifies the first printable line on a page. The bottom
vertical margin specifies the last printable line. These margins are called hard

margins, because you cannot print outside the area defined by the margins.

NOTE:

You can use the drawing vectors (DECVEC) sequence to draw lines

outside the margins. See Paragraph 5.12.
The page home line specifies where a form feed (FF) positions the first printa-

ble line on the page.
R
s

The format for the DECSTBM sequence is as follows.

CSI

Pn1

;

Pn2

9/11

7/2

Pn Parameters
Initial value: depends on the paper size switch.

Paper Size Switch

Initial Value

8-1/2 x 11

Pn1 =1, Pn2 = 66

Pn1 =3, Pn2 = 69

Pn1 sets the top margin and page home line. Pn2 sets the bottom margin. If the
first parameter is greater than the second parameter, the printer ignores the
sequence.
RO

The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You
select the unit by using the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU)

sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

PRINTING COMMANDS

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the current line-height

setting. You can change the line hwght by changing the vertical spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

NOTE: Marin settings are relative to the current origin point (Paragraph

5.2.6).

Margin settings take effect Whan received. The printer sets margins exactly
where specified, with the following exceptions.

e If Pn1is O or omitted, the top margin is unchanged,
~

e If Pn2 is 0 or omitted, the bottom margin is unchanged.
e If Pn2 is greater than the form length, the bottom margin is set at the

bottom of the form.

e If the sequence tries to set the top ma‘rgin below the bottom margin, the
command is ignored.

If the active position is less than the the new top margin, the active position is

set to the new top margin. If the active position is greater than the new bottom
margin, the next attempt to print a character causes a form feed (FF).
NOTE:

When you change the form length, the printer (1) clears the top and

bottom margins, and (2) sets the top margin to 1 and sets the bottom margin to
the form length.
Margins measured from the edge of the paper may vary by plus or minus 1/16
inch, due to paper ahgnment tolerances.
Example

Assume Pn1 has a value of 300 (pixels) and Pn2 has a value of 3000 (puxeis)

e |f the (,yojfl'igin,!point is' at the comar of the paper, the printer sets the top
margin 1 inch from the top of the paper and the bottom margin 10 inches

from the top of the paper.
e If the origin is at the top corner of the printable area, the printer sets the

top margin 1.25 inches from the top of the paper and the bottom margin
10.25 inches from the top of the paper.

100

5.5.4

PRINTING COMMANDS

Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM)

This sequence sets the left and right margins and the line home position. The
left horizontal margin specifies the first printable position on a line. The right

[

horizontal margin specifies the last printable position on a line. The line home
position specifies where a carriage return (CR) moves the active column.
g

These margins are defined as hard margins, because you cannot print outside

the area defined by the margins. There are two exceptions.
1. You can use the drawing vectors (DECVEC) sequence to draw lines

outside the margins (Paragraph 5.12).
T

If you are justifying text (Paragraph 5.11), but the spacing between words
is less than the minimum specified width of the space character, the text

is printed unjustified. This text will exceed the right margin.

| The format for the DECSLRM sequence is as follows.
CSi

Pn1

Pn2

9/11

3/11

7/3

Pn Parameters
SO

Initial value: Pn1 = 1, Pn2 = 80.

Pn1 sets the left margin and line home position. Pn2 sets the right margin. If the
first parameter is greater than the the second parameter, the printer ignores

the sequence.
The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You
select the unit by using the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU)
sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the width of each cell equals the current character-

width setting. You can changa charac’ter width by changmg the horizontal
spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

PRINTING COMMANDS

101 -

Margin settings take effect when received. The printer sets margins exactly

where specified, with the following exceptions.
e If Pn1 is 0 or omitted, the left margin is unchanged.
e

|f Pn2 is 0 or omitted, the right margin is unchanged.

e If Pn2 is greater than the printable width, the right margin is set to the
right printable limit.
e |f the sequence tries to set the left margin to the right of the nght margin,
the printer ignores the sequence.

If the active position is less than the new left margin, the active position is set

to the new left margin. If the active position is greater than the new right
margin, the next attempt to print a character causes a carriage return and line
feed (CR LF).

Example

Assume Pn1 has a value of 450 (pixels) and Pn2 has a value of 2100 (pixels).
e If the origin point is the top corner of the paper (Paragraph 5.2.6), the
printer sets the left margin at 1.5 inches and the right margin at 7 inches

from the left edge of the paper.
e |If the origin point is the top corner of the printable area, the printer sets

the left margin to 1.75 inches and the right margin to 7.25 inches from the

left edge of the paper.

102

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.6

ACTIVE COLUMN AND ACTIVE LINE

The active column and active line represent an absolute position on the paper
where the next character prints. The following control functions use the active
position as a reference point.

The following sequences set column positions.

Horizontal position absolute (HPA)

Para. 5.6.1

Horizontal position relative (HPR)

Para. 5.6.2

Horizontal position backward (HPB)

Para. 5.6.3

The following sequences set the line positions.

Vertical position absolute (VPA)

Para. 5.6.4

Vertical position relative (VPR)

Para. 5.6.5

Vertical position backward (VPB)

Para. 5.6.6

Cursor up (CUU)

Para. 5.6.7

The following sequences set half-line increments for superscripting and
subscripting.

Partial line up (PLU)
Partial line down (PLD)

Para. 5.6.8

Para. 5.6.9

The next line (NEL), reverse index (Rl), and index (IND) control characters also
move the active position. (See Table 3-2.)
5.6.1

Horizontal Position Absolute (HPA)

This sequence selects the active column on the active vertical line. If you try to
move the active column to the right of the last position on the line, the active

position stops at the last position on the line. The format for the HPA sequence
is as follows.

CSI

9/11

6/0

Pn Parameter

Pn is the new active column. The unit of measurement can be character cells,

decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using the position unit mode (PUM)

and select size unit (SSU) sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

PRINTING COMMANDS

103

If you use character cells, the width of each cell is equal to the current charac-

ter-width setting. You can change character width by changing the horizontal

spacing (Pamgraph 5.4).

Default value: Pn = 1.

5.6.2

Horizontal Position Relative (HPR)

This sequence moves the active column by adding Pn to the current active

column. If you try to move the active column to the right of the last position on
the line, the active position stops at the last position on the line. The format for
the HPR sequence is as follows.

CSI

911

a
6/11

Pn Parameter

Default value: Pn = 1.
Pn is the value added to the current active column. The unit of measurement

can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using the
position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU) sequ@nces (Paragrapns
5.2.7 and 5.3).
If you use character cells, the width of each cell equa&srtmr current characterwidth setting. You can change character width by changing the horizontal

spacing (Paragraph 5.4).
NOTE:

If you select decipoints and send the HPR sequence with a Pn value of

1, the active position will not move. The printer converts 1 decipoint to 0 pixels.

(See Paragraph 5.3.)

104

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.6.3

Horizontal Position Backward (HPB)

This sequence moves the active column backward by subtracting Pn from the
current active column. If you try to move the active column to the left of the first
position on a line, the active position stops at the first position. The format for

the HPB sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

6/10
B

Pn Parameter

" Default value: Pn = 1.
Pn is the value subtracted from the current active column. The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using

the position

unit mode (PUM) and

select size

unit (SSU) sequences

(Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the width of each character cell equals the current

character-width setting. You can change character width by changing the horizontal spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

5.6.4

Vertical Position Absolute (VPA)

This sequence selects the active line without changing the current active col-

umn. If you try to move the active line below the bottom line, the active position
stops at the bottom. The format for the VPA sequence is as follows.

CSlI

9/11

***

6/4

Pn Parameter

Default value: depends on the paper size switch.
Paper Size Switch

Default Value

8-1/2 x 11

Pn =1

Pn=3

. PRINTING COMMANDS

105

Pn is the new active line at the current active column.
The unit of measurement
can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using the

position unitmode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU) sequences (Paragraphs
5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the current line-height
setting. You can change the line height by changing the vertical spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

NOTE:

If Pn is less than the current active line, the active line moves back-

ward on the current page.

5.6.5

Vertical Position Relative (VPR)

This sequence moves the active line by adding
Pn to the current active line. If
you try to move the active line below the bottom line, the active position stops
at the bottom line. The format for the VPR sequence is as follows.
CSI

9/11

***

6/5

Pn Parameter

Default value: Pn = 1.

Pn is the value added to the current active line. The unit of measurement can

be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using the
position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU) saquancas (Paragraphs
5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the current line-height

setting. You can change the line height by changing the vertical spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

NOTE:

|If you select decipoints and send the vertical relative position

sequence with a Pn value of 1, the active position will not move. The printer
converts 1 decipoint to 0 pixels. (See Paragraph 5.3.)
If PUM is set (decipoints or pixels selected), you have to adjust for the offset
between the top of characters and the baseline.

106

5.6.6
-

PRINTING COMMANDS

Vertical Position Backward (VPB)

This sequence moves the active line backward by subtracting Pn from the

current active line. The active column does not change.lf you try to move the

active line above the top line, the active position stops at the top line. The
format for the VPB sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

6/11
ARSI

Pn Parameter
Default value: Pn = 1.
Pn is the value subtracted from the current active line. The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using

the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU) sequences
(Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the current line-height
setting. You can change the line height by changing the vertical spacmg (Paragraph 5.4).

5.6.7

Cursor Up (CUU)

This sequence moves the active line up Pn lines without changing the active

column. If you try to move the active line above the top line, the active position
stops at the top line. The format for the CUU sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

Pn Parameter
Default value: Pn = 1.
g

Pn is the number of lines that the active line moves up at the current active
column.

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.6.8

107

Partial Line Up (PLU) - Superscripting

This sequence lets you print superscript characters. The PLU sequence moves

the active position up a predefined distance. The distance moved is one-half a

vertical line increment, as determined by the currently selected font.
The partial line down (PLD) sequence returns the active position to the previ-

ous baseline. Other positioning sequences will also move the active position.
The format for the PLU sequence is as follows.
PLU

8/12

5.6.9

Partial Line Down (PLD)
- Subscripting

This sequence lets you print subscript characters. The PLD sequ&nce moves
the active position down a predefined distance. The distance moved is one-half

a vertical line increment, as determined by the currently selected font.
The partial line up (PLU) sequence returns the active position to the previous

baseline. Other positioning sequences will also move the active position. The
format for the PLD sequence is as follows.

PLD

8/11
NOTE:

If the active position is near the top margin when you send PLU (or the

bottom margin when you send PLD) and the margin is not set to the edge of the
printable area, the superscripted (or subscripted) character may exceed the
margin.
Although the character exceeds the margin, the complete character cell will

print; the printer does not clip the character at the margin. However, if the top
margin is at the edge of the printable area, supersonpt characters do not print;

the printerleaves a blank space.

108

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.7

TAB STOPS

A tab stop is a preselected point that the active position moves to when you
send a tab control character (F’aragraph 3.3). The active posntuom is where the

next character prints.

You can set horizontal and vertical tabs. Setting a tab already set has no effect;
the same is true for clearing a tab already cleared. Tabs are set relative to the
current origin point for printing (Paragraph 5.2.6). Also, tabs are set at the
selected position, regardless of margins.
You can set tabs with the following two sequences.
SOAORIN
5

Set horizontal tabulation stops (DECSHTS)
Set vertical tabulation stops (DECSVTS)

Para. 5.7.1
Para. 5.7.2

You can clear tabs with the following sequence.
R

Tabulation clear (TBC)

5.7.1

Para. 5.7.3

Set Horizontal Tabulation Stops (DECSHTS)

This sequence lets you select up to 16 horizontal tabs at one time. A horizontal

tab is a preselected point on a line. When the printer receives a horizontal tab
(HT) control character, the active position moves to the next horizontal tab.

There are 32 possible horizontal tab stops, and you can set each tab independently. The format for the DECSHTS sequence is as follows.

CSi

9/11

Ph
e

Pn Parameter

311

...

;

311

Each Pn is a selected horumntal tab stop. You can select up to 16 tabs in one
sequence. The Pn values may be in any order in the escape sequence.

The uni{ of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You

select the unit by using the position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU)
sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you select character cells, the width of each cell equals the current characterwidth setting. You can change character width by changing the horizontal
|
spacing (Paragraph 5.4).

PRINTING COMMANDS

109

When the number of new tab settings is more than the number of available

positions you can assign, the printer sets the new tabs as follows.
The printer inserts each new tab stop value into the current tab stop list,

starting after the old tab stop with the next lower value. If more than the
allowed number of tab stops have been set, the printer discards the old tab
stop with the highest value before entering each additional new tab stop. If the
new tab stop has the highest value and the allowed number of tab stops has

been set, then the printer ignores the new tab stop.
HINT:

Use half as many tab settings for proportional spacing. This makes it

easier to position the printer correctly at the next column.

5.7.2

Setting Vertical Tabulation Stops (DECSVTS)

This sequence lets you set up to 16 vertical tabs at one time. A vertical tab is a

preselected position that the active position moves to when the printer receives
a vertical tab (VT) control character. The printer has 67 possible vertical tab

positions. You can set each tab independently. The format for the DECSVTS
sequence is asfollows.

¢Sl

9/11

311

3/11

7/6

Pn Parameter

Each Pn is a selected vertical tab stop. You can select up to 16 tabs in one
sequence. The unit of measurement can be character cells, decipoints, or
pixels. You select the unit by using the

position unit mode (PUM) and select

size unit (SSU) sequences (Paragraphs 5.2.7 and 5.3).

If you use character cells, the height of each cell equals the cUrrent line-height
setting. You can change the line height by changing the vertical spacing (Paragraph 5.4).
The printer sets vertical tab stops at the selected positions. New tab stop

values are added to the current tab stop list, starting with the lowest value. If

you exceed 67 tab stops, the
printer stores the flrst 67 tab stops and discards
the highest-value tab stops.

110

PRINTING COMMANDS

Tabulation Clear (TBC)

5.7.3

This sequence clears one or all horizontal or vertical tabulation stops. The
format for the tabulation clear sequence is as foliows.
csl

9/11

g
6/7

Ps Parameter

Ps is a decimal value that selects which tab stops to clear.
Ps

Action

Clear one horizontal tab stop at active column.

Clear one vertical tab stop at active line.

2o0r3

Clear all horizontal tab stops.

Clear all vertical tab stops.

5.8 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION (DA)
The host computer sends a device attributes (DA) sequence to request a

device's product identification. The printer automatically sends its product
identification after receiving a DA sequence. There are two formats for the DA
sequence from the host.
R

CSi
9/11

6/3

CSIi
9/11

3/0

6/3
I

The printer responds to the DA sequence by sending one of the following
identifying sequences. You select the response by setting configuration switches SP2-2 and SP2-3 (Paragraph 2.4.2).

Switch Setting

Sequence

Set for LNO3 ID response.

cCSI

9/11

6/3

3/2

3/6

6/3

csi
9/11

6/3

3/1

3/3

6/3

Set for LQP02 ID response.
,

csl

Set for LA100 ID response.

9/11

6/3

3/1

3/0

6/3

PRINTING COMMANDS

111

5.9

PRINTER STATUS
The printer uses device status reports to inform the host computer about the

printer's operating status, including errors. The host can request two types of
status reports, brief and extended.
NOTE:

For information on font status reports, see Paragraph 4.6.

5.9.1 Device Status Request (DSR)
The host uses the following sequences to request an extended printer status
report, request a cursor position report, and enable or disable unsolicited
printer status reports.

Sequence

Request

CSI

Send an extended status report.

9/11

6/14

cst

3/0

6/14

9/11

Send an extended status report.

CSl

Send a cursor position report

9/11

3/6

6/14

(active column and active line).

cst

9/11

3/15 3/1

cslt

9/11

3/15 3/2

n
6/14

Disable all unsolicited status
reports from printer.

Enable brief, unsolicited status

6/14

reports and send an extended status
report.

cst

9/11

3/15 3/3

Enable extended, unsolicited status

6/14

reports and send an extended status
report.

NOTE: The printer sends unsolicited reports only when an error occurs. The
printer does not report errors that occur before you enable unsolicited reports.
For more information, see Paragraph 5.9.2.

112

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.9.2

Device Status Report

The printer can send brief and extended status reports (solicited or unsolicit-

ed), as well as the cursor position report. The printer sends unsolicited reports
(if enabled) when a change occurs in any reportable status condition. Unsolicited status reports are initially disabled.
NOTE:

Unsolicited reports are always sent after the current page.

When

errors occur on a page, the unsolicited report lists each type of error only

once—even if an error occurred several times on that page.

It would be time consuming and redundant to send reports throughout a page,
for each occurrence of an error. Also, it is easier for applications to handle
reports in one place—after a page is printed.

Device Status Report (Brief)
The formats for the brief status reports are as follows.

Sequence

Meaning

cst

9/11

3/0

6/14

No malfunction detected.

followed by

cst

9/11 3/15

3/2

3/0

6/14

Device Status Report (Extended)

For extended status reports, the printer sends two sequences—one of the

brief sequences, followed by a longer sequence. The formats for the extended

status reports are as follows.
Sequence

Meaning

csi

9/11

3/0

6/14

No malfunction detected.

followed by

cst

9/11 3/15

3/2

3/0

6/14

PRINTING COMMANDS

Meaning

Sequence

CSli
9/11

3/3

113

Malfunction detected.

6/14

ollowed by |

CSl
/11

Pn
3/15

fi*w

;..

Fek

6/14

Pn Parameter
Each Pn value is an error code of up to three digits.

Tal le 5-6 lists the error

codes. The printer
§
reports error codes in pairs—a generic code, followed by a
specific code.

NOTE: The ?(3/15) occurs only once per DSR sequence.

,{y
¢

,&'fl

.
Lo

.
L
.

PRINTING COMM ANDS

—

SRR

-o
Lo

‘

- - - --

114

PRINTING COMMANDS

115

Cursor Position Report
The format for the cursor position report is as follows.

csl Pni
911

3/11

Pn2

5/2

Pn Parameters

Pn1 is the active line and Pn2 is the active column. The unit of measurement
can be character cells, decipoints, or pixels. You select the unit by using the
position unit mode (PUM) and select size unit (SSU) sequences (Paragraphs
5.2.7 and 5.3).

5.10

SELECTING CHARACTER ATTRIBUTES

You can select four different character attributes by using select graphic rendi-

tion (SGR) sequences. Character attributes let you highlight your printed text.
Underlining

Para. 5.10.1

Bold printing

Para. 5.10.2

Italic printing

Para. 5.10.3

Strike through

Para. 5.10.4

NOTE:

The strike-through attribute is often used in legal documents, to indi-

cate words deleted from a previous version of the document.

The four character attribute sequences and the select font sequence (Para-

graph 4.3.3) use the same basic SGR sequence.

CSI

9/11

6/13

You can select one or more of these attributes in the same sequence, by
including several Ps values separated by semicolons (3/11).

CSI

;

9/11

311

***

6/13

The printer uses a selected attribute until you turn the attribute off or reset the
printer.

A Ps value of 0 turns off all attributes: underlining, bold printing, italic printing,

and strike through.

116

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.10.1
Underlining
'
This sequence lets you turn the underlining feature on or off. When you turn
underlining on, the printer underlines all printable characters that follow, including spaces. Underlining remainsin effect across line and page boundaries, until

you turn underlining off.

The thickness of the underline and the distance below the baseline depend on
the font you use. The baseline is the imaginary line that each printed line of
characters rests on. The format for the underline sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

6/13

PS Parameter

Ps turns underlining on or off.

Function

Turn underlining on.

Turn underlining off.

5.10.2

Bold Printing

This sequence lets you turn bold prmtmg on or off. When you select bold
printing, the printer either uses a bold (darker) font from the current type famliy
or uses shadow printing to produce darker characters (nf no bold font
i

available).
NOTE:

The printer performs shadow printing by imaging each character

twice. The second image is offset from the first by 2 or more pixels in the
horizontal direction, as specified in the font file.

—

[

PRINTING COMMANDS

117

The format for the bold printing sequence is as follows.

CSl Ps

9/11

6/13

Ps Parameter

Ps turns bold printing on or off.
Ps

Function

Turn bold printing on. |

Turn bold printing off.

5.10.3

Italic Printing

This sequence turns italic printing on or off. When you turn on italic printing, the

printer uses italic characters (if available) for the printable characters that
follow the sequence.Otherwise, the printer underlines printable characters.

NOTE:

The printer does not have any
built-in italic orbold fonts. You should
use this sequence with ltalfc fonts Iaaded from the host campumr orona ROM

cartridge.

The format for the italic printing sequence is as follows.

CSlI

9/11

***

- 6/13

Ps Parameter

Ps turns italic printing on or off.

Function

Turn italic printing on.

Turn italic printing off.

118

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.10.4

Strike Through

This sequence lets you mark characters that you want to delete. The printer

draws a line (similar to underlining) through the marked characters. The format
for the strike-through sequence is as follows.
CSl

9/11

***

6/13

Ps Parameter

Ps turns the strike-through attribute on or off.
Ps

Turn the strike-through attribute on.

‘Turn the strike-through attribute off.

5.11

Function

JUSTIFICATION (JFY)

This sequence lets you align printed text at the right margin. When you justify

you change the spacing between words. Justified lines have the first
text,

character of the first word at the left margin (or at the line home position, if
different), and the last character of the last word at the right margin. When you
turn JFY on, the LNOS justifies all text that follows, until you turn JFY off.
The printer spaces words evenly on each justified line. The SP (2/0) character
indicates a word space to the printer. You can control the limits for word
spacing with the Ps parameter for the justification sequence. (See the Ps
parameter description.)

The printer does not make end-of-line or hyphenation decisions. The following
control characters and escape sequences determine where lines end.
Carriage return (CR)
Form feed (FF)
Line feed (LF)
Vertical tab (VT)

Next line (NEL)

Forward index (IND)
Reverse index (RI)

Vertical position absolute (VPA)

PRINTING COMMANDS

119

The active font determines the spacing between charactersin a word. Text that

exceeds the printable area is lost, because the printer doas not autowrap text

during wstmcatlmn
The prmterdo&s not justify leading spaces, but sets them to the “normal”

width of the SP (2/0) character (that is, the width of SP if you did not use the

JFY sequence). Also, the printer does not shrink or expand the value of hori-

zontal position relative (HPR) sequences in the text. If a line contains a horizontal tab (HT) or horizontal position absolute (HPA), the printer only justifies the
text between the last HT or HPA and the end of the line.

The format for the JFY sequence is as follows.
CSI

9/11

***

2/0 4/6

Ps Parameter
Ps turns justification on or off.

Function

Turn justification off. (default)

Turn justification with limits on.

Turn justification without limits on.

When you select justification with limits (Ps = 2), the printer will not shrink or

expand the SP (2/0) character beyond the limits determined by the current font.
Usually, these limits are in the range of 50 percent to 200 percent.
When you select justification without limits (Ps = 92) the printer can shrink SP

to zero size or expand SP to any size.

120

PRINTING COMMANDS

5.12

DRAWING VECTORS (DECVEC)

This sequence lets you draw horizontal or vertical lines with length and width.

Margins do not affect line drawing. If you try to draw a line beyond the physical

limits of the page, the printer will print the part of the line that occurs within the
page.
|
NOTE:

The printer draws lines without modifying the active position.
R

The format for the drawing vectors sequence is as follows.

CSI

Pn1

;

Pn2

;

Pn3

;

Pnd

;

Pn5

9/11

311

3J/A1

2/1

7/12

Pn Parameters

The Pn parameters select the length, width, and direction of the line. The select

size unit (SSU) sequence (Paragraph 5.3) determines the unit of measurement
for Pn2 through Pn5.

e Pn1 selects a horizontal (x) or vertical (y) line.

Pni

Function

Draw an x line—horizontal with respect to the page
orientation. (defaulit)

Draw a y line—vertical with respect to the page
orientation.

|
O

Other
e

Perform no action.

Pn2 selects the x start position.

Default value: Pn2 = 0.
e

Pn3 selects the y start position.

Default value: Pn3 = 0.

e Pn4 selects the line length. If the requested line is less than 1 pixel long,
the printer draws a line 1 pixel long.

Default value: Pn4 = 1.
ARSI

PRINTING COMMANDS

121

o Pn5 selects the line width. If the requested line is less than 1 pixel wide,

the printer draws a line 1 pixel wide.

Default value: Pn5 = 1.
NOTE:

For an x line, Pn4 specifies length in the x direction and Pn5 specifies
width in the y direction. For a y line, Pn4 specifies length in the y direction and

the Pn5 smmfms, width in the x direction.

5.13

RESET

When you send a reset sequence, th@ printer resets the value or state of

several oparatmg features (Paragraph 5.14). There are two sequences you can

use to mset the printer to tts initial state.
Reset m initial state (RIS)

Soft terminal reset (DECSTR)
These two sequences perform the same function. Each sequence resets all
state variables to the initial values.
Reset to Initial State (RIS)

ESC ¢

111 6/3

Soft Terminal Reset (DECSTR)
csi

9/11 2/71

7/0

NOTE:

You can smd DECSTR to the prmtm port of a VT100 or VT125 video

t@rmmal

5.14

INITIAL VALUES AND STATES

The LNO3 haS a set of mmal values permanently stored in memory for some
escape saquancas The
printer uses these initial values after you power up the
printer or sam a reset sequence (Paragraph 5.12).

Table 5-7 sfiows the initial values the printer uses when you turn power on
(power-up) or send a reset sequence. These values are typical selections for
operating the printer. You cannot change the designation of initial values.

122

PRINTING COMMANDS

ARONOAGING:

[CE

RS
i

PRINTING COMMANDS

123

”%g%m

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.

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B
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gfiy

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ol

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PRINTING COMMANDS

BN,

124

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wfi%&w@

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.

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125

PRINTING COMMANDS

s
5

feoiaas

;
I

i
L

usw,

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‘

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i

hit

-=
-

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,"g‘i“

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4’«%\;‘%‘% L
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-

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e

PROCESSING

- SIXEL GRAPHICS

6.1

Printing Graphs and Drawings 126

6.2

Selecting Sixel Mode

6.3

6.4

127

How the Host Computer Sends Sixel Data

How the Printer Decodes Sixel Data

131

134

6.1

PRINTING GRAPHS AND DRAWINGS
This chapter describes how to select sixel mode. In sixel moda you can print
graphs and other drawings. The chapter also describes

e how the host computer must encode the sixel data it sends to the LN03,
and

e how the LNO3 decodes the data and prints the graphic image.
A sixel is a group of six vertical pixels that represents bit map data for
a

graphic image. A prxel mpresents the individual dots of ink you see on
a

printed page. The printer processes sixel data as bits of information. A bit
value of 1 means prmt a dmt (pmml) A bmt value of 0 means leave a spaca

Sixels are coded as 8-bit bytes. Each byte is an ASCIl character code.

Paragraphs 6.3 and 6.4 describe the coding process. You can send sixel data

to the prmtm after placmg the printer in sixel mode. When you select sixel

mode, the printer interprets the ASCII character codes as sixel data and prints

a graphic image.

126

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

6.2

127

SELECTING SIXEL MODE

You select sixel mode by sending the following device control stnng (QCS) You

also include all your sixel graphic data and formatting information in the DCS.

The formatting section of the DCS is called the sixel protocol. This section
describes the features you can select with the sixel protocol. The DCS is the

only method to enter sixel mode. You can ex;t and reenter sixel mode, but you
cannot reset it.

In sixel mode, the LNO3 assembles the sixel dot patterns when it receives the
ASCII character codes. You send the snxe! data in the same device control
strmg used to select sixel mode.

DCS Ps1

;

Ps2

;

Ps3

sixeldata

DCS and Protocol Selector
The DCS introducer and the protocol selector place the printer in sixel mode.
The protocol does not have an initial state. The printer interprets the Ps parameters in the protocol selector as follows.

Ps1 Parameter
Ps1 selects the horizontal grid size, vertical grid size, and p:xe aspect ratzo
The grid size defines the size of the area where you can place a single pixel.
You should select the Ps1 value that most closely matches the device you are

using to develop the sixel data.

Table 6-1 lists the Ps1 values. You can override the: Ps1 ‘v‘a‘lue with the Ps3
parameter.

128

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

Ps2 Parameter

s2 selects a background color. The printer ignores this parameter.

s3 Parameter
|
|
s3 lets you select a horizontal grid size other than the standard sizes for Ps1.
ny Ps3 value other than 0 overrides the Ps1 value. The Ps3 value can be in

ecipoints or pixels, selected by the select size unit (SSU) sequence (Pararaph 5.3).

When you use Ps3, you must enter a pixel aspect ratio as the first character in

the sixel data stream. The Ps3 value and the pixel aspect ratio define the grid
size (including the vertical grid size).

Sixel Data
You can embed control characters and printable characters in the sixel data

stream. The printer responds to the control characters listed in Tables 6-2 and
6-3. The printer responds to printable sixel codes in the 3/15 to 7/14 range.
Paragraph 6.4 describes how the printer interprets character codes.

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

129

After entering sixel mode, the printer determines the current sixel position from

the text position. This position is called the graphic left margin.
The horizontal
and vertical directions are the ANSI text horizontal and vertical directions at the

time you entered sixel mode.

As each sixel prints, the acfivegaéificn advances to ‘thé next herizénté jfgrid

position. The distance moved is equal to the horizontal grid size selected by
Ps1 or Ps3.
h
L
Positioning
is always relative to the active position. You cannot move back-

ward, except by using

the graphic carriage return and graphic new line control

characters (Table 6-3).

ST (String Terminator)
ST causes the printer to leave sixel mode and return to text mode.

E——

130

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS
6.3

131

HOW THE HOST COMPUTER SENDS SIXEL DATA

To create a sixel, you take a 6-bit data packet and add 077 octal to form an 8bit byte. The byte represents an ASCII character between 077 and 176 octal.
The host computer creates the sixel by adding 077 octal to the binary bit map

data. The LNO3 decodes the sixel by subtracting 077 octal to reform the binary
data. The following paragraphs describe the procedure for encoding binary
data into sixels.

Data bits are arranged in the data stream in a specific order. Essentially, the

order is from the most significant bit to the least significant bit. For example,
assume the host is sending a buffer with 3 bytes
of data, and a pointer is
pointing to the first byte in the buffer.
The host sends 6 bits at a time, in the following order.
1. Bits 7 through 2 from byte 0
2. Bits 1 and O from byte 0, and bits 7 through 4 fmm byte 1

3. Bits 3 through 0 from byte 1, and bits 7 and 6 from byte 2
4. Bits 5 through 0 from byte 2

In this example, the host sends 3 bytes of data as 4 characters.

If the data buffer does not contain an even multiple of 6-bit groups, the host
must send extra bits. For example, to send 2 bytes of data, the host must

convert 16 bits. The host converts two 6-bit groups to sixels, leaving 4 bits. The
host converts these 4 bits by adding 2 extra bits with undefined values. When

the printer detects the end of record, the extra bits are discarded.
The following example shows step by step how the host would remove 3 bytes
from the data buffer and convert them to sixels. Figure 6-1 shows the 3 bytes in
the data buffer.

132

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

| 1

MSB
7

syTE

BIT
6

LSB
3

]1|ofofo

i1lofl1
o1 ]of1]o]n
2{ olofo]o]ofofo]o

|
|

;
|

MA-1151-83

Figure 6-1 Th‘r‘ee Bytes‘ of Data in Buffer
1. Removes bits 7 through
2 of byte 0 from the buffer.

000110(2) = 006(8)

|
g

2. Adds 077 octal. The sum equals the ASCII character code used for the
sixel—in this case, an uppercase E.

006(8)

+ 077(8)

105(8) = E

}

3. Places the ASCII character code for the sixel in a buffer that will be sent to

the printer.

4. Removes bits 1 and 0 of byte 0, and bits 7 through 4 of byte 1 from the
buffer.

000101(2) = 005(8)
5. Adds 077 octal. The sum is the ASCII character code used for the second

sixel—an uppercase D.
005(8)

+ 077(8)
104(8) = D

}
|

]
|

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

133

Places the second sixel in the buffer that will be sent to the printer.

105 104
. Removes bits 3 thmugh 0 of
bym
b
1, ww! but@ 7 and 6 of byte 2 from the

buffer.

010100(2)
= 024(8)
Adds 077 octal The sum is th@ ASCII charaoter code usad for the third

sixel—an uppercase S.

ALeE

024(8)

+ 077(8)

123(8) =
Places the third sixel in the buffer that will be sent to the printer.

105 104 123
10. Removes bits 5 through
0 of byte
2 from

000000(2) = 000(8)

11. Adds 077 octal. The sum is tha ASCII charactar ccde for the foumn
- sixel—a wwtmn mark (‘?)

077(8) = ?
12.

ne fourth sixel in the buffer and sends the characters to the

printer.
E

105 104 123 077

134

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

6.4

HOW THE PRINTER DECODES SIXEL DATA
-

57 pans

The LNO3 receives sixel data as ASCIl character codes in the 3/15 thmugh
7/14 range. The printer processes 8-bit codes in the 11/15 to 15/14 range by

converting the eighth bit to a 0, then processing the data as 7-bit codes.
Because the column codes are restricted to the 3/15 (octal 077) through 7/14

(octal 176) range, the host computer adds an offset of octal 077 to each sixel
column octal code.
The printer determines which of the 6 pixels to print as follows.

1. Subtracts the offset (077 octal) from the received code.

2. Assigns each of the low-order 6 bits to a grid position. The 6 pixels are
arranged vertically as follows.
Bit 0 (LSB)

Top pixel

Bit 1

Bit2

Bit 3
Bit 4

Bottom pixel

Bit 5 (MSB)

For example, if the printer receives the code value 105 octal,

ASCllcode

76543210

01000101
it subtracts the offset value (077 octal) from the code value. Then the printer
maps the resulting value of 6 into memory as follows.

Data bits

543210

000110

Memory

10
3e

L
o

TSI

e
L
N
L
Lo

i
i

i
B

‘?».
D

L
o

i
.

s
i

e
L

136

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

[

.
ii
Q’%\b

Hal

i o

G
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S
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Ceh
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:
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L
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o
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fi‘w“
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\!,;AWW‘!VWWW

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w}k‘:%:"“:

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L

c
N

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R-

Vfi

NHRCE

. i ‘;‘

138

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

*
S

i
|

‘

e
o

)

”

—

Hesieosibiniiy.

’

L
R

\';{\'

i
L

=
-

fir\»“

o
L

fii%

pon

. o
S

—

3}’3{"' o

i
L

—=

=~-=
o

e ‘zt&
7

i 45;«‘15,5:!1

=
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;“%%VE

. %té -

La0

i
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'f‘%’ .

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e

= 1:;%:5.

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ot

See

e
.

i
e
L
il

i
I

i
|

o
il
na

il
|

il e

e
i
:

b
e

i
e

I
Al
L

)

jlishte

&WW,

PROCESSING SIXEL GRAPHICS

iy,
i

o
|

;

140

This appendm ,sh‘ vs the 170haractar se
Character Set

—

7-bit ASCII

United Kingdom
Dutch

Finnish
French

French Canadian

German

Italian’

Japanese (JIS Roman)

Norwegian/Danish

DEC Supplemental
Swedish
Swiss

DEC Technical
VT100 Line Drawing
ISO Norwegian/Danish

141

142

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN

1]
B7
B6

pov

1
0

i o1

NUL | o
0

00 1

2
0

2”5 T

6| SP [
10

(xc%?

o1 1

160

12
70

‘

101

121

141

113

102

122

142

162

161
71

114
72

(XOFF) | 19

163

124

144

164

’

CAN 24

(

| ESC |

01 1

1 0 0

12
c

10 1

‘

t1 o

39
50

28
54

34
65

102

127

o3
150

110

130

111

131

132

56
39
24

k]
74

62 |

‘

49
4

112
4A 1

113

‘

114

[

104|
681

151

108}

162

106

133

153

134

154
|

107

115

]

135

118

136

63 | 0

117

137

4F |

‘

[

117

147

3¢ |

165

”G

116

101

107

115

100

145

104

126

105

36
7

’

)

10 sus 26

110

120

143

| @

123

- a8

01 0

100

103

10 1

0 0 1

=] a‘sfi T

]

00 0

)

1 1 1

|pc3|

10 0

11 0

2
2

108

158

109

94
95

168

110
6E

157

111

ascli CHARACTER] ESC

| /' | COLUMN/ROW
33

| ocTaL

| DECIMAL

§ HEX

|
WA TIET

Figure A-1

7-Bit ASCIl Character Set

b =

[Teirs
|2

“m| 30

> @®

|row| BaB3B281 | 85

| COLUMN/ROW |

- TR
Wi

COLUMN
.

b5
AW

DI
bd

coooo

| NUL|

0011

o110
|
0

rooo0

10]

001
o

:
,

120

13]

o 1

in e

122

142

163

20|

21
15

2|
16

;

| 3
25

3]
2

46
a7

|s3
s

o]
45

|sa)|
6

| 20|
a6

106

23
7

ar)

110

H
|

[SUB|

|
B

)

26|

41
29

‘

|ESC|

|10

25
19

(

27|

|58

&£

|60f

61l

]

s ]
74

||
56

130

|8]

89
s

132

133

136

0 | st

62]

5cf

M
N

135

a3l

se ]

137

|@]

%*F

| 8]
3F

|wos]
69
152

|ws)

y
2z

153

154

| 6C

155

m | 109
.

156

n | 1o
6E
T

5] o
5F

0o | SO | s

| 108

sol

|04

92)

150

Kk | 107

134

s8f

147

165

146

151

[102]
66

131

|6
74

|0
65

58 |

|w]

164

Bl
9l

|us

| 72]

144

145 |

126

|8
56

| CR | 13

127

57
39

| a3

|8]

125

107

|99

124

HT | o
9

|CAN|

|8|

162

gocpg

82}

143

161

a ||

123

141

s1]

14]

|12

6
6

o0 | FF |

111

5
5

| LF

160

)| BS

121

140

. |

SP | 32

o101

120

0100

ngg

;

0001

| 1m|DEL
6F

KEY
ascii characTer|

NOTE:
ggE

THE FOLLOWING TABLE INDICATES THE APPROXIMATI ONS THAT ARE
USED
|

/11|

COLUMNROW

| ocral

| oecimad

‘

TO REPRESENT THE DUTCH CHARACTERS
THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN THE

DECMCS SET,

| HEX

COLUMN/

HIGHLIGHTS
DIFFERENCES
FROM AsCll

(THESE APPROXIMATIONS ARE TO BE COMPATIBLE WITH THE

VT220 AND VT240.) THE CHARACTER POSITION IN THE CHART IS LISTED BY

COLUMN/ROW,.

CHARACTER SET

APPROXIMATION

ROW

NAME (SYMBOL)

4/0
5/11
7711

THREE QUARTERS
(3/4) ' SUPERSCRIPT (*)
LOWERCASE ij LIGATURE (i) LOWERCASE y WITH DIAERESIS (V)
DIAERESIS (**)
QUOTATION MARKS (")

NAME (SYMBOL)

7/12

7/14

FLORIN SIGN (f)

ACUTE ACCENT (')

LOWERCASE f (f)

APOSTROPHE, SINGLE QUOTATION MARK,
ASCII ACUTE ACCENT ()
MA-0893-830Q

Figure A-3

Dutch Character Set

KEY
ASCH CHARACTER

coLumn/row

| OCTAL

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCII

DECIMAL
HEX
PO

Figure A-4

Finnish Character Set

146

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN
;

,
@mw
*

[

BITS BS
B6
B4 B3 B2 m
'

|0 00O

1
-

3
‘

010 0

o101

8
9

10111
1 00 0O
|1 001

0
1

14 1 11 0

11
B

| ESC

$C 27

33
64

56
38

7% 1

COLUMN/ ROW

OCTAL

116

145

165

101

146

166

“12e

102

127

147

103

130

150

131

167

120

105

151

171

172

171
79

122

108

155 §:

136

' BC

109

156 [

123
78

124
7C

175

125

176

110

126

137

157

177

111

127

] HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

‘

FROM ASCIH

DECIMAL
HEX

—

NOTE

QUOTATION MARKS (") ARE USED AS AN APPROXIMATION
FOR THE DIAERESIS MARK (-}, COLUMN 7/ROW 14,

Figure A-5

170

104

135

acf

118

164

100

174

125

63
144

107 §

154

53
124

134

163

143

114

123

173

e | 106

162

153 f

142

5A,

122

161

133

108

113

152
106

104

141

132

121

1030

160

1 98

72 .

140

1092
42

1
120

m o]

0 1

10 SUB 26

‘

1311 10 1

CA“ 24

T Y 00

ASCII CHARACTER §

0 0

4
1

‘uca

| 13

18 1 111

111 01 1
;

(xcfi«?

3 1 (XOFF) | 19

10 10

3
0

1 o

[0 110
,

0 1

o0 11

VIDCY | 2

o010

NUL

|0 0o 1

‘

01]

French Character Set

MA. 74254

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

147

COLUMN

0
37

‘

BITS

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B! | g5

loooo

aaseg | ©

NUL,O

1810

]

&P’1 32
2

1 1000 1!

1 g&?' 17
1

1411

2 loo1 o

R |&

/0011

tmcm 19

®B

0100

20
14

3B24

6 {0110

2216

- 27

a7}
27

IpC3|

o1 11

1 0 0 1

10 |1 0 1 0O

§ o 10 1

)

10A Sus 261A

38
2

ASCII CHARACTER| ESC

126

146

sr]

|s]

- 56

47
2F

| ]

56
127

100
64
65

f
9

102

66
147

164

116
1 74

165

17
75

166

118

’6
167

75
3D

] HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

| DECIMAL

‘

FROM ASCH

HE
X

Figure A-6

101

B4
54

COLUMN/ROW

| OCTAL

145

€

16 | 11 1 1

“

195

144

124

162

115
s 1 163

¢ 99

‘

||7

48
| 107

142

_j123

FF |1

séo

14 |1 1 1 0

|67

’CR

;

13|11 01

1M1 011 ,VT 11 ESC 27
121100

122

French Canadian Character Set

BAL. TADAL

COLUMN

‘

BITS

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1 | gs

000D

)

NUL

0
0

110 00 1

m%;

DC1

3
4

5
6
7
8

o010

17
22

122

20
41

(XOFF) | 19

83
53

124

144

20
14

¢ 1t 10

22
16

o 1 v o1

4
‘

|CAN|;,

)

|suB | 32

26 1

LF
vT

]

10
A

(

| ESC |

161

‘

163

164

117

116
74

101

165

106

126

146

166

102

107

127

147

167

130

150

1|5

112

74 |

118

103

110

119

170
120

ws|

171

152

3A
73

113

153

‘

111

151

106
6A

107

121

172

122
7A

123

1T 1 00

108

124

55
45

75
61

35
29

CR | s
13

115
77

- 155
109

175
125

{1 1 1 0

116

‘

2D
56

47
2F

63
3F

4D |

174
7C

156

176

110

126

117

157

177

111 DEL

173

154

114

100

145

SRR

114

125

112

162

105

160

BS | ;

1 0 1 0

143

97 | q

142

123

60
141

01 0 0

140

DC3|

|1 0 0 1

121

120

1111 01 1

00 1 1

100 o0

g 1 0 1

-1

7€

127
Ay

ascicHARACTER| EgC | /' | COLUMN/ROW
33

| ocTAL

1 DECIMAL

HE X

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

FROM ASCI!

MA-TE2TA

Figure A-7

German Character Set

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

149

COLUMN

0
B

B? 0

BITS B6
ROW | B4 B3 B2 B! | g5
|

;

0O
!

]

‘

oo 1 b

00 1 1

o1 0 0

o1 0 1

DC{?
{XON)

;

4
1

6 |01 10

3
4
5

01 1 1

10 1

CAN 2418

‘

]

‘

131 1 01

|1 1 1 0

11 1 1

1/11

18 | HEX

‘83

142

143

‘

125

145

101 |-

165

148

166

147

167

170

120

171

172

44
‘

64
65

f
‘

102
66
103

ss|

152

107

154

105
69

118
77

121

|15

;

123
78

155

175

156

176

11876

174

108

‘

m |e

116

160

105 1

‘

115

100

164

114

163

s =

162

113

161

144

151

160

124

h | 0]

112

Italian Character Set

141

| DECIMAL

‘

46 |

| ocrar

“

| COLUMN/ROW

oo,

‘

Figure A-8

67 'S

104

‘

123

43
|

7
s

122

5436

103

)
%

102

52 |

[SUB | 32|

101

]

(

1211 100

‘15

BS
’

1 00 1

]1010]|

|1000

5
1

ASCII CHARACTERY ESC

3
1]

1 0

14
‘

pr——

0
1

]0 00 1

—

2
0

0 1.

NUL 0

|oo0oo0o0

1
0

0 0

1187

6E F

111 DEL
6F

124
7C

125

126
7€

177 ]

127
7F

‘

| HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

{ FROM ASCHI
i

T RETG

150

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN

BITS

o 0

ROW | B4 B2 B2 B1 | ps

00 00

’

NUL

MOCN‘!

‘

101

|10

122

142

/0011

|pCal

|01 00

01 01

l100o0

|1 00 1

|10

N | 30

50
3z

‘

46,

’

50 |

)

|SUB | 32

1M1 01 1

vT | 3

1211 100

106

126

146

166

102

167

165

117

118

151

ws)

171

152

106

172

107

{

123

‘

154

174

155

109

}

175

156 ]

176

‘

108
6D

121

122
78

124

125

126
7E

137

157

177

110

149
78

147

131

| HEX

145

62 |

| DECIMAL

125

69 1

116

170
X | 120

f ocraL

164

105

100

wal

ASCl CHARACTER| EgC | /' | COHUMN/ROW

144

150

124

115

163

104

‘

130

so|

143

|1 1 1 0

123

114

110

162

18 | v 11

103

13
71

112
161

103

|1 1 01

60
141

160

140

120

127

100 |

107

|1 01 0

[CAN|

o1 1 1

’

3 | (XOFF) | 19

(01 10

17
11

| 60

‘

0010

10
D

|0 oo 1

111 DEL

127

| HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

| FROM ASCII
‘

B TRE
TR

Figure A-9

Japanese (JIS Roman) Character Set

COLUMN

BITS

&7 o0

ROW | B4 B3I B2 B1 | gs

|NUL|,

|0 001

10010

0 011

Q. - 8y

162

2
2

18
12

110

%fi?

1
1

P
|

o2
i

=®

(XOFF) | 19

‘gg
|

43
1

143

163

683

124

144

164

100

145

. 54

125 1

0 110

0o 11

HT
,

1 39

|SUB | 32

1111 01 1

|ESC

;

1211 100

;

101 0

;

25
e

103

687

118

171

132

152
106

172

"‘K

133

153

107

173

123

134

154

124

£1

135

- 62

151

167

118

147

131

44 |

102

56
1127

170

117
| 166

§2

104

46§

101

201

165

150

1 av

126

130

26
18

SC, 27

CAN, 24

,
7

115

116

wyr

23
17

1w
25

1 00 1

114
72

28
62

123

142

82
52

S o1

1 000

122

161

2
51

;

‘-~

I DC3|

5 o 1t o

0100

1
‘

|oooo

7
1

105

120
78

121
79

122
7B

174

108

_BC

893

‘108

175

136

110

156

176

1 1.0 1.

|1 v 1 0

137

187

177

| BF

ASCI1 CHARACTER |

1/11 § COLUMN/ROW

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

27 | DECIMAL

]jfl

Figure A-10

HEK

Norwegian/Danish Character Set

155

175

126

BASL TR YA

152

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN

BITS

0 00 0

NUL

|o o o0 1

loo1 o

001 1

o100

0 1 0 1

o1 1 0

ROW | B4 B3 B2B1 | gs

6
7
8

0 0
|

142

162

103

123

143

99 | s

163

104

124

144

100

164

105

125

145

101

165

106

126

146

166

5
6

&
’

38
26

|1 000

23
17

|[CAN|; | (

HT | .

)

|1 0 1 0

|SUB | 32

1M1 011

‘

122

165 | 1 1 1

102

B | &

14 [ 1 1 1 0

161

1
B

55
|

c
D

47
2F

170

X | 120
“

63
3F

ws|]

A71

106

172

121

122
78

124

155

109

175

156

176

110
6E

123

108
6C

174

119

154

173

1€

150

OGS

167

107

103

‘

153

147

| 102

117

116

127

115

63 |

152

‘

113

107

160

43
|

151

o1 1 1

141

|1 1.0 1

121

101

1 10 0

112

]

|1 00 1

140

120

30
61

100

7
1

DC1

125

70
e

126
7€

137

157

111 DEL

177

127
SR

AsCil CHARACTER| ESC | /'' | COrUMVROW
33

§ OCTAL

| peEcimaL

Figure A-11

HEX

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

FROM ASCI!

ML TG
P

Spanish Character Set

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

153

COLUMN

;

BITS 15 °o0

° 0L

ROW | B4 83 8281 | s

|NUL!|

‘

w6l

| DC1 | 55

o100

|DC3 | o

]

201

|1oo0

1 | HT

|°¢

011 | VT

131101

‘
] CR
,

111

KEY
ASCI CHARACTERE

ESC

‘

SuB

—=
s
| |ESC

13
8

33
,

15
|1

35
2]:

1711 | coLumMN/ROW

33}

OCTAL

| pECIMAL

| HEX

jof

o »

55
:
sl

oUwl
'

101

| 50
80

’121

65|

[woz|

[z[

103

123

A 43

|82

]

104

|8l

|4}

jg
3

106

107

)

| %]

131

wgg

]

5
|61

_
I

116

Tl
,

146

|13

115

164

‘é;fi

165
17

| 166

167

:g:

151

135
93:

«f

136

BREN

134

T
|'Uf

nal

N
e

| ¥

145

o~
e

=]33

T
BlU

144

132]

|6]

|%]

152
15
106
|

]

163

108

|a|l
EEEE:
74

E
RR

naf

|%]

143

57872

181

@§

119

147

| 2|

141

‘

127

;

126

160

[

)

o7l

125

140

|12

a1 ] N

3D |

[

)

0 1

|10

62 |

‘

€

X
|

CAN

1211100

|1010]

1M1

30
49

23
45

| 32

2
‘

0 o

40
33

SPp

3 | (XOFF} | 43

{1000

]

XONE gy

20|

0 NUL 0

000

Tjeoor
'

;

137

SUPPLEMENTAL GRAPHIC SET

121

172
12

173
z

108l

155

.
y

175
125
‘

109
6D

123

174

176

f | R

11|

DEL | '

157

171

w4l

u‘

:;g

177

NOTE: ALL PRINT CHARACTERS IN THIS CHARACTER
* SET DIFFER FROM THE ASCII CHARACTER SET.

M- 10,087

Figure A-12

DEC Supplemental Character Set

154

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN

BITS

‘

ROW | 84 B3 B2 B! | pgs

1
2

00 00

8%}

3 | (XOFF) | 19

01 0.1

6
7

26
47

100

105

125

145

165

101

106

126

146

166

102

107

127

147

167

130

‘

t 00 1

)

10 SuB 26

¥*

‘

153

164

‘

|1 0 1 ©

63
144

(

.27

124

114

162

104

103

CAN 24

]

33
64

142

143

122

123

10
8

|1 000

|30

o1 1 1

-7

01 00

.60

‘1

|01t 10

7
0

00 1t1to0

0 o o0 1

L 20

NUL | 0

3100 11
o

111

131

103

w04

115
73

116
74

117

150

163

119
77

151

170

120
78

171

112

4A
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1111 0 1 1
,

1211 1 00
,

ESC

¥
-

|1 1 0 1

|1 1 1 0

116

1)1 1

C1F |

20
56
2E

“2F

>
?

650

3C
.75

3D
76

3E
77

“3F

113§

114

115

N
O

116

117

137

157

177

m;DEL

127
5.

ascli CHARACTER| EgC | /' | COtUMNROW

Figure A-13

] ocTAL

| DECIMAL

| HEX

] HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCII

—

MA-TEZEH

Swedish Character Set

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

I COLUMN
b?

123

o101
,

3
|

4
5

5
6

15
%

6
7

1 0o

1o+
1

|SUB | 6]

|
B

|ESC|

)
*

50
51

|a]

29
|4

|s|

1€

56 |

|w]

2€ |
57

]

164

105§

| 0]

107

| s

100

18
73

116

145

165

55
126 |

65
146

75
166

99
63

125

| 8

127

so ]
3B

| 8
53

|e0]

45
106

101

102

147

103 |

150

118

167

el
77

170

]
:

| el

KEY

144 |

124

|e]

104

| ss)

75|
61l

163

|[s]

2>}

143

8§

123

|e7]
43

[ 103

55
|

<310
77

N
O

HIGHLIGHTS

'
ascii craracter|

|sa|l

St | 5

| a3
wmE

35
0]

1 1

|sa|

35
66

1.
15
o1 | CR | 13

27|
18

|s2

FF |

€C

)

111 0|
+

| VT

(

R
2

|5t}
33

64 |

8
|

| LF

|30

|[CAN|22|]

o011 | HT | o

|37]

2%
46

4
45

1000 | BS

- 62

| s0

o111

1
1131

3
3

2
,

48 |
30 |

0100

o011

§1

|NUL|

o 001

}

oooo

BITS |

Jrow] b4 b3 b2 b1

155

DIFFERENCES
ggc

| /11 | corumwRow

FROM ASCII

33 | ocraL
27 | DECIMAL

NOTE:

18 1 HEX

AT COLUMN/ROW 5/16 LOWERCASE € WITH GRAVE ACCENT

REPLACES UNDERLINE (—) WHICH IS USED IN ASCIlI AND ALL

OTHER NRC SETS.

MA-DB93-8B3R

Figure A-14

Swiss Character Set

156

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

aaw

BITS

GLIGR

B4 B3 B2 B/

COLUMN

|10

33 | 161
211

covola|

[

001

1[3])

|3a|we|

221

43 | 243

| 3]1w3
231

00|

o 1o 1]

8§

011 0B

36 | 164

63 | 263

51|

2% | Ag

264 |

265

B85

266

| 267 |

[

oo0oo0|8

too 1|9

41 | 189

1o 1 010

a2 | 170

oot

|11

(

a3 | n

187

110 0/q42

alm|

54 | 254

14|

274

655 | 183

50 | 250

;

L 251

271

571

29 1 aAg

)

20|

aAD

56 | 256

46 | 174
2E|

57|

287

2F|

471178

193

02 | 302

o | 194

60 | 188|
75 | 275

=—

61|

‘

189

76 | 276

| 304

Cc4

105

| 305

@
,

x
A

@
=
—

63 | 191

3F|

sFl

-—

(13
ol

120 | 320

GL |GR
el

LRI
121 | 321

\Il

106

| 306

107

71|

| 307

70 | 198

1g9

110 | 310

12 | 200

311

73|

201

12 | 312

202

113 | 313

75 | 203

48 | CB
114 | 314

76 | 204

2«;9‘,

122 | 322

22 | 200|

)

(14

|21}

pDa

126 | 325

8 | 2131

55 | DS

-\/

126 | 326

2[1)4

.Q,

127 | 327

—

130 | 330

121

g7 | 215
57

| D7

84 | 212

216 |

| 3N

132 1 332

218

27
1

133 | 333

2‘;
!

219

134 | 334

o2 | 720

25?

[l)

344

120

03 | 2]

67 | E7

104 | 232
68

151

123

152 | 352

fl;fi

2;:

153 | 353

1(?;

222

154 | 354

tog | 236
166 | 356

94 12221

110 | 238

137 | 337

157 | 357

aF|

79| 207

93 | 221

109 | 237

95 | 223
5F | pF

366

z:s
6

167 | 367

) | 19| 2e7
g

77|

1701

370

171

agg

248
F8

Y
C.

121 249
791

1;1:

250

172 | 372
FA

136 | 336

317

118

E8
351

2331

75 | FS

1166 |

6 | E6

78| 206

230

117 | 245

146 | 346

77 | 2085

117}

73|

165 | 365

150 | 350

135 | 335
50 |

|23

| 345

‘

163 | 363

| s

164 | 364

101 | 229

145

147 | 347

L | 116 | 244

vgz

241
F1

28]

‘n

27|

144

161 | 361
1;]3

P | 1]

143 | 343

| 99|

160 | 360

162 | 362

s | 226

116 | 316

4D ' ¢p

142 | 342

141 | 341

140 | 340

GL |GR

123 | 323

124 | 324

115 | 315

69 | 197

190

|15

N\a

277

5
‘

68 | 196

77|

| 303

104

62|
3E

DECIMAL

103

| 301

COLUMN/ROW
OCTAL

186

73 | 273

4| 173|

1851

12 | 272

53 | 283

LEGEND

CHARACTER |

| 270

2B | AB

t 11 0|14

56 | 184

52 | 252

40 | 168

24 | AA

oot |13

|54 | 182

' GL |GR

101

o1 1 1|7

65 | 255

300

B3|

|53 | e

2% | a5

a6 | 246

52 | 180
34

38 | 166

201

179]

24 | A4

27 | A7

4
100

7.5 | T

39 | 167

|GR

BO|

62 | 262

a5 | 246

a7 | 247

P R

49 | 177
3t
B1

44 | 244

61 | 261)

‘-

a2 | 242

260

Fole

ar | 2a1

1|1

3 | 11
60

°c 00 ofg

GL | GR

ROW

ooo0

6D |

156 | 356
BE

_EE

111}

239§

gfl

T+

173 ] 373

wgg

ggn

174 | 374

| u|

175 | 375

x;»g 253
Fo

[

176 | 376

126 | 254
7€

HEX

® MNOTE:
WHEN SET IS MAPPED INTO GR,

BIT B& IS 1

Figure A-15

SRR

DEC Technical Character Set
RS

APPENDIXA CHARACTER SETS

157

COLUMN

ROW | B4 B3I B2 1

40
32

{XON}

21
17

23
19

68
a4

108

B
!

106

107

SASERAE

ePP

110

eo,SR
)
#

A¥ s

SuB

112

113
75

oSl5

«
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)

ELRIANE,

£y

¥,%5
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(

[

& &

lateld
5

A
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e&o

4C
1156

SO
S

ASCH CHARACTER

o
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)

Gy
el
X io
S
soo» e

Sl g
!

e <o,

e
Z=

etket Ce

17
15

) o por} = 24 4 o 2

OCTAL
DECIMAL

LIGHTS DIFFEREMCES

FROM ASCII

HEX

igure A- 16

SBRISlales

]

0.0

114

s
heeh

14
12

etyR
ali
A

otyaTol

s e a

it il

69
45

AT T R R RS
o

104

R
S
KA
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67
43

25
g

103

. B6
42

o ee

102

21
42

101

RN ¢
Slik‘ < . ReASeA,LN TRLe M R ReN

11
22

fieT»lam

DC1

NUL

VT100 Line Drawing (DEC Special Graph i cs) Character Set

WA TIA08

158

APPENDIX A: CHARACTER SETS

COLUMN

BITS

B7
[&70

ROW | B84 B3 B2 B1 | gs

1
2

TTHIL

0000

NUL

4
0

2
0

|000 1
oo

gg
41

oo 1

|01 00

& o1 0 1

18
B

104

105

|66
54

106 |

107

131

|so|

‘

|01 1.0

»|
16

o1 1o

]

1000

CAN 24

(

1t 00 1

)

|1 0 1t 0

|SUB | 32

11B

’

111 0 11
‘

1211 1 00

<‘

|1 1 1 0

ASCII CHARACTER| ESC

1/11 § COLUMN/ROW
33 | ocTAL

27
18

Figure A-17

;

‘

kT:]

R |&
i

123

143

99
63

124

144

100
64

164

125

145

‘

165

101

| 126

127

n
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|1
72

118

116
74

88
58

132
5A

134

136

163

or|

142

162

136

113

- 5C

161

112

122

160

141

;

01 1 0 1

11 11

26 |

1%
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121

3 | (XOFF) | 19
4

49
62

ul
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33
42

103

!
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120

102

cx&g 17

100

7
1

101

156

110] o

176

126

137

157

111 DEL

177

7€

127

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES

{ FROM ASCH

| DECIMAL
HEX

1SO Norwegian/Danish Character Set

MA.T42HB

ESCAPE SEQUENGE
AND CONTROL SEQUENCE
-

ol sequences explained in

This appendix lists the escape sequences and contr

this manual. (See Paragraph 4.3 for the sequences, to designate character
'
sets.)
The sequences are listed in alphab@ticai wmm according to function. You can

find a complete dascnptmn c:nfanysequence by going to the paragraph listed in
column one.

NOTE:

The wquenc@s are shown in8-bit’ farmat Sequence characters are

spaced for clarity. The spaces are nmt part of the format code. The row/column
number below each character indicates the character’s position in the 8-bit

DEC multinational character set (Figure 3-5).

159

160

APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

L
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e
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v :”Mfli

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161

—

APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

162

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APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

i
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163

164

APPENDIX B

i
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ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

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166

APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES
a

APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

wfl ~

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167

APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

168

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APPENDIX B: ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES

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APPENDIX B ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES
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This appendix is an alphabetical list of the ASClil-coded control functions used

in the LNO3 and other Digital printers. The list includes standard ANSI and ISO
control functmns as well as private Digital control functmns (markm by a DEC
prefix).

Allprinters do not use the same control functions. Evan when ‘printers do use
the same function, they do not always nmplement the function the same way.
A o in the list indicates the particular printer uses that control function.

Chapters 3 thmugh 5 describe the specific control functions used
in the LN03.
See the index for the page that dascribes“ a particular funmion.

177

178

APPENDIX C: COMPARING THE LNO3 WITH OTHER DIGITAL PRINTERS

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179

APPENDIX C: COMPARING THE LN03 WITH OTHER DIGITAL PRINTERS

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APPENDIX C COMPARING THE LNO3 WITH OTHER DIGITAL PRINTERS

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APPENDIX C: COMPARING THE LN03 WITH OTHER DIGITAL PRINTERS

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ILT-IN TYPE FAMILY IDs,
LNO3 BU

FON T IDs, and FONT FILE IDs

Built-In Font File IDs for the LNO3

D.1

185

Type Family Names

D.2

185

Built-In LNO3 Type Family Names, Type Family IDs,

D.3

Font IDs, and Font File IDs

187

D.1 BUILT-IN FONT FILE IDS FOR THE LNO3
This appendix explains the values used in the font file IDs for the font files built
into the LNO3 printer. In Table D-1, the Field column lists the location of a value
in an LNO3 font file ID. Values are base 36 values (0-9, A-Z).

The type family ID is field 1 (first 7 characters) of the 31-character font file ID.

ID is fields 1 through 7 (first
The font

16 characters) of the 31-character font file

ID.

D.2

TYPE FMMLY NAMES

The type families built into the LNO3 printer use the following names.

Type Family Name

Type Fya{ymilfy ID (7 characters)

DEC BUILTIN1

DBULTNT1

ELITE 12
FONT

RELITEO
D000000

COURIER

RCOURIR

The “D” in fihe type family ID for DEC BUILTIN1 indicates the name DEC
BUILTIN1 is mgtsmmd with Digital, but is not mgnsmmd internationally.
The “R” in m type fam:ly IDs for COUHIER and ELITE 12 indicate these
names are registered internationally or are in the public domain.
185

186

APPENDIX D LNO3 BUILT-IN FONT FILE IDs
W

APPENDIX D: LNO3 BUILT-IN FONT FILE IDs

D.3

187

BUILT-IN LNO3 TYPE FAMILY NAMES, TYPE FAMILY IDS,
FONT IDS, AND FONT FILE IDS

Table D-2 lists all type family names, type family IDs, font IDs, and font file IDs
built-in into the LNO3 printer.

The type family ID is field 1 (first 7 characters) of the 31-character font file 1D.

The font ID is fields 1 through 7 (first 16 characters) of the 31-character font file
S,

188

APPENDIX D LNO3 BUILT-IN FONT FILE IDs
W

'SUMMARY SHEET .
E.1
E.2
E.3
E.1

Printing the Summary Sheet 189
Summary Sheet Contents 189
Sample Summary Sheet 190

PRINTING THE SUMMARY SHEET

The summary sheet is a printout of the current status of the LN03. There are
two ways to print the summary sheet.
1. Use the load font files (DECLFF) sequence (Paragraph 4.4.1), or
2. Place the printer off-line and press the test (T) switch.
E.2 SUMMARY SHEET CONTENTS
The summary sheet identifies the following items.
Revision level of the printer software

Status of the configuration switches
Currently available fonts
Memory available for additional fonts

Status of any cartridges
Paper switch setting

Up to 30 error codes

The summary sheet also lists the available fonts by their font file IDs, in the
following order.

Down-line-loaded fonts
Font cartridges

ROM-resident fonts

The summary sheet cannot list 30 error codes and all possible font file IDs at
the same time. Error codes have priority. So, if a large number of error codes
are listed, some font file IDs may be omitted.

189

190

APPENDIX E: SUMMARY SHEET

E.3

SAMPLE SUMMARY SHEET

Fiigure E-1 is a sample summary sheet. Tables E-1 and E-2 list error codes that

may a ‘;@ear on the summary sheet. These codes also appear on the front
panel character display indicator.

Table E-1 lists the codes for controller errors that may occur while the printer is
operating. Table E-2 lists the codes for errors that may occur during the

communication and loopback diagnostic tests.

Table E-3 lists the codes for fatal errors that will stop the printer during the selftest diagnostics. Fatal errors are reported on the front panel character display
indicator only.

NOTE:

Engine errors also appear on the front panel indicators.

APPENDIX E: SUMMARY SHEET

SWITCH 4

DEVICE

Paper

Pat

DECKXX.X

POSITION

»LNG3 DEVICE
AUTO WRAP ON

DECAWM
OVERRIDES THIS
SWITCH SETTING

-8

XON/XOFF ENABLED

Size:8.5 by 11

Cartridye 1:empty

Cartridge

Z:empty

278b

tern Printed by the DEC LN03 Printer

Job Status:

No Errors

‘ RCOURIR RCOURTRLO1VK00GGO00 1C222202F000 g B

YV e dok

DOOO00010IVEOOGGO00 1€222202F000
BELITEOLOZSR00GGU
pOGOOOOLOZSKO0BGO00 1C2222029000
RCOURIRZ02SK006GGO00 1C222202F000

LT T

DOOOOODIDISKOVGGHON 1€223202F000

L Y
R

S 123&5&#&9&

DEC

TECHNICAL

Az
RCOURIRJI025K00GGO00 1€222202F000
DO000002025K006G0001
o

*fi'flhwm o2 &
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R RCOURIRLOIVEOOGGOQD 1Q222202F000

| DOODOO0LOLIVROOGGODD 1OBZZL02F000

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SS "'“mw“’/\r g

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wuifirymmfleAAn#xazuqfx/xagfvl

1 08AS T L0 £ 7))/ 2
BELITEOLO2SK00GGO00 1Q82ZE02F000 *ob$lye
pOOODUOLOASKROOGGO00 102222029000
flCQUfiIRflG@EKQUQGQGG 102222029000 wul ¢l yu 1OBAI S uI Ly ¢
108 ke B Lo ¢ &
RCOURIRJIO2SK00GGO00 102222027000 weddy2
n@auamazwzfixoammana 1QETLE02P000

' DOO0000JO2SKO0GGO001IQLZZZ02F000
=

VvT100
LINE DRAWING
ey we o e e

RCOURIR RCOURIRIOIVKOOGGOOO 10222202F000 g gy e DI B T sog v TS gy o
wqmwwmeMmMuWwMM'Owfluwwm [
DEULTHL DEULTNILOIVROOGGUOD 02222027000
RELITEO CRELITEQOLOZEKOUGCGOO0 0222202F000 fi&&wfiqfiéfifiliiiiiflétz‘fulfuo
DBULTH] DEU&T&&%@Z&K@OG@NOU omzzozmw AdlnCo
OZEZZ02F000
fl *
RCOURIR. RCOURIR202ERO0GGO0
fi
DBULTNI flnULTNlfiflEB&%@GfiHU@ 102322027000

Aakeqfi%&%fi%m“?w G

§fie
AdReCoEe£aliiils
;
RCOURIR RCOURIRIG2SE00GGG00 102222029000 fi&umqwfi ii&xfi ,,{
DBULTHI DBULTHLI02EK006GG00 10222202F000 fl&flm@qfi&k&iififtééx“*?ux

RCOURIR

DBULTNI fifi”b?fllfifi&flfl@fifi&fi@fl IUZLTE02P000
I T

TYPE
FAMILY

DEC

SUPPLEMENTAL

RCOURIRIOIVEQOGGOO0 1UL242027000 ,,g”u.wwwmummuwm'mam*mmmwmww»mm

DBULTNI DRULTNIL10IVEDOGHO0D] L JZZZ202P000 W o mvoflmwflumm‘,q IR R R R
RELITEQ RELITEOLO2SKO0GGGOO LB Z2Z02P000 Am?ffixliJAthmfl@&u123&56739fl
oo UZZ2Z029000 AaFicgliliLiMa0oSs12345678
DBULTNI nnunwulunzsmfluana
*umzzzuzw00fi hfilifigliJleMm@fi&fll@fifififi?flflfl
RCOURIR RCOURINZOIBRO0G
LK
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SWITCHES SET
FOR THE INDICATED

B DATA BITS
PARITY DISABLED

Memagry available for fo nte:
Test

Level

MEANING -8

4800 BAUD

RATE

BETTING

SERIAL INPUT

P A WNEAUD
WM

BAUD

Revision

S HEE T

u M MARY

191

ASCH

AaFfGgliJjLiMmO0581234567890

RCOURIRJO2SK00GGO00 1uzzzzfizrnug AaPftgliJilLiMmOoSs1234567890
&u?f@gx1Jjblfimfla$31234567390
Wk

FONT ID
i

'FONT FILE ID

NOTE

The sequence for the font file printout is in descending order: downline fonts, cartridge
ressident fonts, Also,
fonts,

on the printout, there may not be
if there are a lot of errors

- enough space on the sheet to print out all resident font files.

MA-1488-84

Figure E-1

S ummary Sheet Test Pattern

192

APPENDIX E: SUMMARY SHEET

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194

APPENDIX E: SUMMARY SHEET

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HELPFUL HINTS,

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS,
AND PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
H@lpfu| Hints

195

Problems and Solutions

198

Examples of LNO3 Control Functions

200

This appendix has three sections. The first section provides helpful hints. The

second lists typical problems and suggested solutions. The third shows examples of important LNO3 control functions.
F.1

HELPFUL HINTS

General

Always send a reset command before you start a document. The reset
command places the printer in a known state. However, the reset command does not clear font memory. Make sure you have enough font
memory available to do the document.

Do not insert or remove ROM or RAM cartridges while the printer is

printing. You can insert and remove cartridges when the printer is off-line
or idle.

The LNO3 does not operate as an LA100 or LQP02. When you set the
device ID switches (SW2-2 and 2-3) to respond as an LA100 or LQPO02,
the printer still operates as an LN03. Only the ID response changes.

The LNO3 prints unsolicited reports after tha, print'ed page on which an
error occurs.

All parameters in escape and control sequences must be unsigned, positive decimal integers. Do not use decimal points in parameter values.
Equivalent measurements

1 point = 1/72 inch (approximately)

1 decipoint = 1/720 inch
1 pixel = 1/300 inch (on the LNO3)

For example, A 10-point type size equals approximately 10 X 1/72 inch.
195

196

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

o Always load paper against the left side of the tray. Make sure the paper

guide is firmly against the right edge of the paper. Otherwise, your printing may not align with the edges of the paper.
e Use only the paper recommended by Digital. Thin paper may cause a
paper jam.

- Recommended paper weight: 16 to 24 pounds.
- Paper sizes: 8-1/2 X 11 inches and A4.
- Part numbers for ordering the recommended paper:

8-1/2 X 11 paper

LNO3X-AF

A4 paper

LNO3X-AH

Page Format
e Use the page format select sequence (CSI Ps sp J) to select the printing
orientation, either portrait or landscape. When you power up the LNO3,
the printer uses the portrait orientation.

o Always use the upper-left corner of the printable area as the origin point
for printed pages. To select the upper-left corner, set the origin placement

mode (OPM).

If you reset OPM, the LNO3 places the origin at the upper-left corner of

the physical page. However, the printer cannot start printing until 0.25
inchesin from the edge of the paper.
o When you set new tabs or margins, clear all tabs or margins
you

do not

want. Also, make sure you select the correct unit of measurement: deci-

points, pixels, or character cells. Otherwise, the printer may not set your

tabs or margins in the desired location.
A

When the LNO3 is Off-Line
e The printer and the host computer cannot exchange data.
e The printer cannot report its status.

—

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

197

Font Files
e The LNO3 only recognizes font files in the Digital font mg format. You

cannot use LNO1 font files in the LNO3.
e For font files with the same font ID or type family ID but with different
character sets, you must designate the appropriate character set.
e You assign font files with the 7-character type family ID or the 16-charac-

ter font ID. Use uppercase letters only for both IDs. You do not assign
font files with the 31-character font file ID.

Fonts and Character Sets

e To use pmpmtional spacing, you must use a proportional font and select
proportional spacing with the DECPSP sequence.

e Do not use VT100 line drawing characters with other character sets.

Otherwise, your printed characters will have inconsistent line weights
(widths). e You cannot scale character sizes. However, you can use GSM to select

the closest, smaller available size. GSM selects from the available fonts in

the type family. If font files are assigned by type family ID, you can use

GSM to saal@ct from the avaifiabm min't sizes in rthaat family.
For example, suppose you are using a 10-point font from the DBULTNT1
family. You want to use a smaller point size.
- If you send a GSM with a parameter of 70 percent for height, the LNO3

selects the6.7-point IIULTN1 fontmtha closest, smaller available
size.

- If you send a GSM with a parameter of 50 percent for height, the LNO3

will not find any DBULTN1 font smaller than the desired size. As a
result, the printer will print blobs.

See the GSM example in Paragraph F.3.

198

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

ARSI

Graphics
e The graphics you print on the LNO3 will probably be smaller ‘than the

same graphics displayed on your video terminal.

The LNO3 as a Dedicated or System Printer
e To use the LNO3 as a dedicated printer, connect the printer to the auxilia-

ry or printer port of your video terminal.

e To use the LNO3 as a system printer,
you must assign the printer a

terminal number and a queue name (if there is a spooler involved). The
specific commands to use depend on the software used.

F.2

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

| can only down-line-load two font files.

Add RAM cartridges. A typical font file requires 15 Kbytes of memory.
Some of my graphs do not print.

You can print small graphs, but some graphs may be too complex for the
printer. The LNO3 uses a band buffer 6 pixels deep. The printer processes a
maximum of 150 characters or vectors (including spaces) in a band at a time.

| get a blank page for each line of my source document.

The current margins may specify a page that is smaller than a line height or

width. Check your PUM and SSU settings. You may be using the wrong unit of
measure.

| cannot load my LNQ1 font files in the LNOS3.
The LNO3 does not support LNO1 font files. The font files you use with the
LNO3 must be in the Digital font file format.

AR5

'AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES
APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS

199

| cannot print landscape pages.

Send a PFS smuesnwm select the landscape format (ESC [ 721 J) before you
send the text. Do not send an RIS or DECSTR sequence after PFS, because
the format will return to portrait.

When | set the device ID 3wfich@s to LA 1 00 or LOP02 / hava spacmg
problems.

The LNO3 does not operate as an LA100 or LQP02. The printer always oper-

ates as an LNO3—only the ID changes Use the correct LNO3 commands for
|

spacing.

My ReGIS files do not print.

The LNO3 does not support ReGIS protocol. Convert the ReGIS files to sixel
files.

The printer does not set tabs and margins wh@ra | want them.

The printer may have other tabs and 'margins already stored. Clear all tabs and
margins before you set new ones.

Also, check the unit of measure (pixels, decipoints, or character cell) you are
using. The LNO3 stores tabs and margins at pixel locations.

The quality of my transparencies is poor.
Use the recommended transparency film for plain paper copiers.
Size
8-1/2 X 11

Part Number

LNO3X-AJ

LNO3X-AK

200

APPENDIX
F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

F.3

EXAMPLES OF LN0O3 CONTROL FUNCTIONS

This section contains examples of some basic LN03 control functions that you

will use most often.

Changing Pitch (Line and Character Spacing)
The spacing pitch increment (SPI) sequence is the most flexible sequence you
can use for changing pitch. You can change both the horizontal and vertical
spacing with one SPI sequence. You use the select size unit (SSU) sequence to

select the unit of measure—decipoints or pixels.
NOTE:

Pixels are the recommended unit of measure. On the LNO3, a pixel

equals 1/300 inch.

Changing Horizontal Pitch

In the following example, the horizontal pitch changes, but the vertical pitch

remains the same. First, the SSU sequence selects pixels (ESC [ 7 |) as the unit

of measurement. Then the three SPI sequences select different horizontal
pitches. The horizontal pitch affects character spacing—not character size.

The vertical pitch is set to 0 in each sequence, so the current font determines

the vertical spacing.
You enter:
{ESC>[7 I

= set for pixels

(SPI)

<ESC>[0;50 G = spacing pitch (6) characters per inch.
<ESC>[0,;30 G = spacing pitch (10) characters per inch.
<ESC>[0;25 C = spacing pitch (12) characters per inch.

The LNOS3 prints:

set

for

pixels

=
Spacing
= spacing pitch

(SPI)

pitch
(6)
characters
(10) characters per inch.
= spacing pitch (12) characters per inch.

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

201

Changing Vertical Pitch

|
In this example, the vertical pitch changes,
but the horrmmai pztch remains the

same. First, the SSU sequence selects pixels (ESC [ 7 1) as the unit of measure.
Then the three SPI sequences select different vertical pitches. The vertical
pitch affects line spacing—not character size. The horizontal pitch is set to 0 in
each sequence, so the current font determines the horizontal spacing.
You enter:

<ESC>[7 I

= get for pixels

(8PI)

<ESC>[50;0 ¢

= line spacing, (6) lines per inch.
;Il;ullnnaualalulnaanlnlalnlaa;;;

<ESC>[30;0 ¢

= line spacing, (10) lines per inch.
lunauluaalallnuumuaunuunlullaanla

bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

<E86>[25,0 ¢ = line spacing, (12) lines per 1nnh.
'"'lfifl%fl&@flhfilfllfllflfllf‘yi'jj’vi 8

The LNO3 prints:

= set for'pixela~ (SPI)
= line spacing, (6) lines per inch.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
= line
=

line

spaC1n§égéggéggB
.

spacing,._(12).lineg._per.inch.._.
:

@ w

v T w

w\m

A LA LA
?

202

APPENDIX
F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

Changing Character Size (Graphic Size Select)
You cannot scale characters with the graphic size select (GSS) sequence
because there are no font files currently available that allow scaling. However,
you can use the graphic size modification (GSM) sequence to salect a different‘size font from the fonts availablein the type famfly

In the following example, a soft terminal reset (STR) sequence first resets the
printer (ESC [ ! p). When you reset the printer, you select the following initial
values.

standard page size

portrait orientation

10-point, 10-pitch font from the DEC buult-m~1 type famuly
GSS set to 100
SSU set to pixels

Then, the GSM sequence (ESC [ 70;

100 B) changes the character size. GSM

changes the character width and height by percentages.The LNO3 selects the

closest, smaller font available in the current type family.
In this example, the character width does not change, because the width

parameter is 100. The height parameter tries to select a font that is 70 percent

of the current font. The height changes to 6.7 point, because 6.7 point is the
closest, smaller font available in the DEC built-in-1 family.
You enter:
<ESC>[!p

This is a aamplm of
<ESC>[70; 100 B

SR,

tupe before GEM.

This sequenae results in the fnnt height
being changed to 6.7 point (approximately 70X
of its normal height) which is available in the
font family.

The LNO3 prints:

This
This

sample

sequence

type

before

GSM.

results in the font height
being changed to 6.7 point (approximately 70%
of its normal height) which is available in the
font

family.

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

203

Selecting Portrait or Landscape Printing
You use the page format select (PFS) sequence to select portrait or landscape

printing. There are 12 standard page formats, 6 in portrait and 6 in landscape.
Even parameter values select portrait orientations and tha odd vaiues select
landscape orientations.

Each PFS value also selects a fixed printing area, including form length and
margins. The PFS form length and margins do not change, untul you send

another PFS or one of the mllownng sequances

Set lines per physical page (DECSLPP)

Set left and right margains (DECSLRM)

Set top and bottom margins (DECSTBM)
You must select the lines per inch and characters per inch, if you want to

change the initial values in effect when the printer is reset.

In the following example, a soft terminal reset (STR) sequence resets the
printer after each PFS sequence.

You enter:
(ESCH[BI<ESCHI0 J This sequence selects mtmnt ommmm (normal
fornat), (ESC)UMFF}{FF)

(ESCX(1 J This sew mlects lmd&cm mmtatim (rmal fmt.
€SO 1pP) EFF

501720J This seouence selects portrait oneintation. Cextended DEC fornat),
SO
) 6P

ESCY72 ) This sequence selects landscape oreintation (extended DEC format),

204

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

Font Files

You use the following sequences to control font files.

Down-line-load font (DECLFF)
Assign font (DECATFF)

Select font (SGR)
Delete font (DECDTFF)
NOTE:

Before you make changes to font files, you should print a status sheet

Lol

to see what font files are currently available in the printer.
Load a Font File (DECLFF)

ARSI

This is an example of how to use DECLFF to load a new font file in your printer.

The first two sequences are STR and PFS.
U

You enter:
€0(IpESC720 )
f
CESCYPO;
131 JuLETPICHRA ;OCESCH
SO

In the above example, the DECLFF sequence selects the following settings.
indicates the font file is in DEC Font File Format.
1

indicates not to print a summary sheet.

indicates to replace any font file in the printer that has the same

font file ID as the font file being loaded.

IE???CXRd

is the sixel data for the font file.

indicates there are no comments. You can include comments,
but the LNO3 ignores them.

ORI

[

Assign a Font File (DECATFF)

This is an example of how to use DECATFF to assign fmms for printing. You
must use this sequence to assign an SGR number to a font file. To use
DECATFF, you must know the type family ID (7 charact@m) or the mnt ID (16
characters) of the font file.

The following example shows both ways to assign a font file—with the font ID
and with the type family ID. The first sequence assigns an elite font in a specific
type size and pitch. (ESC [ 14 m selects the elite font for printing.) The second
sequence selects assigns the elite font family, whtch may have several type
sizes and pitches available.
You enter:

€S0P}H&MITEMMWWW\WUM = This Sequence asigns the font to SGR H

by using the "Font [D*. €S0

1 BRELITEOCESCH\ = This sequence assigns the font to SGR 14 by
(ESCIP2;

using the "type family ID",

The LN03 prmts

= This sequence assigns the font to SGR 14

by using the "Fant ID"

= This sequence as$ign$ the font ta SGR 14 by

using the “type famlly ID"

NOTE:

To print text in the assigned font, you must select the font as follows.

206

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

Select a Font File (SGR)
|
~
This example shows how to use SGR to select a fmm for prmtmg Youcan
select one of the fonts assigned an SGR number from 10 to 19. If you do not

select a font with SGR, the LN03 uses the default font assagned at power~up or

after a reset sequence.

SIS

This axampe selects the elite font assigned m SGR14in the pmwous example
Ymu enmr
(ESL‘)[m Thxs sequence selects the Font amgmd to SGR {4 to be used for
printing,

The LNO3 prints:

This sequence selects thé’font'assigned to SGRSIAIto be used

for

printing.

Delete a Font File (DECDTFF)
This example shows how to delete font files with DECDTFF, using either the

type family ID or font file ID. When you use the type family ID, you delete all the

A5,

In the following example, the first sequence use a type family ID for the elite

font files for that family. When you use the font file ID, you delete
a specific file.

family. The second sequence deletes a specific elite font file

NOTE:

You can print a summary sheet to check that a file is deleted.

YOu enter:
{ESOPO;RELITEOCESCH\ This sequence deletes the Elite family of files gored
in the printer,

(ESCP1RELITEQLOZSK00GG0001UZZ2Z02F
000ESCH\ This sequence deletes one

specific font file. You must use the 3{ character "font file id",

The LNOS prints:

This sequence deletes the Elite family of files stored
the printer. print summary sheet and replace all font

This sequence deletes one \
specific font file. You must use
id".

the 31 character "font

files

file

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

207

Designating and Invoking a Character Set

To print. charactms you use one font and one character set The font selects

the type style, and the character set contains the characters toprint in that
style. You can select any of the fonts and character sets available in the printer.
1.First, select a font (uness you want to use the default font).
2. Then designate and invoke a characwr set.

The following example selects a font, then designates and invokes two charac-

ter sets.
You enter:

(ESCH13m (courier 10 point /10 pitch) ESCH(B (designate ASCII as GOX0
invoke GO to GL. (ESCY(0 (change the character set to VT100 as GO
ahcdefy ESCH[!p reset

The first sequence selects a courier font file (SGR 13) by type family. The

second sequence designates and invokes the ASCII character set into the
printer's GL memory table. Notice that the LNO3 prints characters from the
ASCII set until the third sequence.

The third sequence designates and invokes the VT100 line drawing character

set into the GL memory table. The LNO3 then prints characters from the VT100
line drawing set. The VT100 line drawing characters replace the lowercase
letters typed in.

(courier

10 pomnt /10

1%}70](8 GO to GL.
TFFcRLFo+

pltch)

(FFNL%‘*“*‘L

'-"

(desm

nate RSCII as GO)

— _%F

F VvT100 #

GO)

208

APPENDIX
F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

Highlighting Characters (SGR)

You can use the select graphic rendition (SGR) sequence for boldmg, italics,
undarlmmg, and strike-through characters.

To use bolding or italics, you must have a bold or italic font file in the printer. If
you select bolding and there is no bold font available, the LNO3 performs
shadow printing. If you select italics and there is no italic font available, the

printer underscores each character.

An SGR sequence remains
in effect until you send another SGR sequence.
NOTE: In the following examples, the LNO3 is first reset. Resetting the printer
selects the standard page size, portrait printing, and the 10-point, 10-pitch font
from the DEC built-in-1 family.
Bolding
This example shows how to use SGR for bolding. The example has five escape
sequences.

You enter:
(ESCHPY;1 BIRTIMES0003C
OOPGCESCY \(ESCH (15w
K BOLDED CHARACTERS USED BY SCR ASSIGNMENT
HUI‘LHog? TIMES FONT,<ESCY(10m BUILT IN FAHILY. <ESC)[im bold<ESCH[22m bold on

The LNOS3 prints:

BOLDED CHARACTERS USED BY SGR ASSIGNMENT
WITH CG TIMES FONT. BUILT
and

off.

IN FAMILY.

bold bold on
|

The first sequence assigns a bold font to SGR 15 for printing. The second
sequence selects SGR 15 for printing. Notice that the LNO3 prints some bold
words in that font.

The third sequence selects the DEC built-in-1 type family. The fourth sequence
turns bold printing on. However, the DEC built-in-1 family does not have a bold
font. So the LNO3 prints the word “‘bold” by using shadow printing. The fifth
sequence turns bolding off.

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

209

Italics

This example shows how to use SGR for italics. The example has five escape
|

sequences.
You enter:

dn THIS 18 A EXAHPLE
CESCOPL1 RTIHESO002SKO1GOCESCIL1\ESEI

SR R TS, G501 ES0LIn italics ESCO12 "italics on and off"

The LNO3 prints:

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF

SGR FOR ITALICS.

italics

"italics on and off"

The first seqmnca assigns an italic font to SGR 14. The second sequence
selects SGR 14 for printing. Notice that the LNO3 prints text in italics, until the
third sequence.

The third sequence selects the DEC built-in-1 family. The fourth sequence
turns italic printing on. However, the DEC built-in-1 family does not have an
italic font. So the LNO3 underlines characters instead. The fifth sequence turns
italic printing off.
Underlining

This example shows how to use SGR for underlining. The example has two
escape sequences.

You enter:

L dm underline on (ESCH{24m underline off.
(ESCH
The LNO3 prints:

underline on

underline off.

The first sequence turns underlining on. Notice that the LNO3 also underlines
ng
spaces also. The second sequence turns underlinioff.

210

APPENDIX F: HINTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, EXAMPLES

Strike-Through
|
This example shows how to use SGR to print strike-through characters. The
example has two escape sequences.

You enter:
ESCH[n example of type with strikethrough on (ESCH[2%m strikethrough turned off,

The LNO3 prints:
-t

-y

Yo g

strikethrough

turned

| -

‘

g
g

ey,
p

off.

The first sequence turns the strike-through attribute on. Notice that the LN03
prints strike-through characters in spaces also. The second sequence turns

the strike--through attribute off.

[

GLOSSARY

Active column

The horizontal position on the paper where the next character will print. After
printing a character, the printer increments the active column.

Active line

The vertical position on the paper where the next character will print. After

printing a character, the printer increments the active line.
Active position

The absolute posutnon on the paper where the next character will print. The

actwe posatlcm is defined by the active col umn (horwzontal position) and active

line (vertical position).

ANSI

American Nataonal Standards Instxtute

Autowrap mode
An operating feature of the printer that lets you control what happens to print
characters that excefid the nght margin on the page.

Baud rate

The speed at which the printer communicates with the host computer.
Character attribute

A feature of a highlighted character. You can select underhnmg, bold printing,
o
italic printing, and strike-through attrrbutes
Character cell

An imaginary rectangle used as a unit of spacing. The height of a cell is equal

to the current line spacing, and the width is equal to the currént character
o
o
|
spacing.

211

212

GLOSSARY

Character set
A set of codes that describe the general appearance of a set of characters. For

example, a character set might contain the code for an uppercase A or the
number 1. Character sets do not describe the style of a printed character. See

Font.

Code table
A list of the characters and codes for a specific character set. The table is
divided into columns and rows that show each character with its binary, octal,

decimal, and hexadecimal code. An 8~bnt code table has twice as many columns as the 7-bit table.

Command string
A data record included in a device control string. Examples are a type family
identification or font identification.

Configuration switch packs
|
Two 6-position DIP switch packs on the back of the printer that control certain

operating features. The switches are preset to work with most Digital systems.
You can set these switches to meet the requirements of your host computer.

Control characters
Characters that do not print, but cause the printer to perform some action. For

example, the HTS control character sets a horizontal tab. There are two groups

of control characters, CO and C1.

CO (control 0) and C1 (control 1) codes

CO codes represent 7-bit ASCIl control characters. C1 codes represent 8-bit

control characters that let you perform more functions than possible with Co

codes. You can only use C1 codes directly in an 8-bit environment.

Control function
A method of controlling how the printer processes, sends, and prmts charac-

ters. Control functions include control characters, control strings, and escape
and control sequences. Appendix C compares the control functions usedin the

LNO3 printer and other Digital printers.

Control sequence

Two or more bytes that define a specific control function. Control sequences
usually include variable parameters. Paragraph 3.4.3 shows the format for a

control sequence.

GLOSSARY

213

Decipoint

A unit of measure equal to 1/720 inch.
u&c multinational chamctm set

This 8-bit character set is the default character set when you turn the pnnter
on. The left half of this set is the ASCII graphic set (7-bit compatible). The right
half includes the C1 control characters and DEC supplemental graphic set (8bwt compaflb@)

Default values (for escape sequences)

Standard values used for parameters. The printer uses a default value when you
specify a 0 value or omit a value. For most sequences the default value is 1.

Device control strings (DCS)

Like control sequences, a DCS uses two or more bytes to define a specific
control function. However, a DCS also includes a command string. Paragraph
3.4.4 shows the format for a device control string.
Down-line-loading

Loading data from a host computer mtm another device. You can load fonts
from a computer into the printer. The printer stores these fonts in RAM.
Error code

A numeric code ofup to three digits, used to mrt printer problems. The
printer reports error codes in pairs — a generic code, followed by a specific
code. Table 5-6 lists the error codes.
Escape sequence

Two or more bytes that dafm@ a sp@cifuc control function. Escape sequences
do not include variable parameters, but may include intermediate characters.
Paragraph 3.4.2 shows the format for an escape sequence.

Font

A size and style of type to use for printed charactars For example, a courier 10
point font describes a certain style (courier) and size (10 point) of printed
character. Fonts and character sets are independent of each other. You need
a font and a character set to print characters.
both

214

GLOSSARY

e
—

Font attributes
i
The seven characteristics of a font that define how printed characters wm look

when you use that font: type family, spacing, type size, scale factor, typestyle,

character weight, and character proportion. These attributes are not affected

by the character set you use.

Font file
The data for a unique cmmbmation of one font and one character set. You can
assign a font to any character set available in the printer. The font files that
come with the printer are stored in ROM. If you load other font files from the

host, they are stored in RAM. Font files must be in a standard Digital format.

Font file attributes

A set-of 12 characteristics for the font and character set in a given font file.
These include the seven font attributes plus the character set images, rotation,

character subset, file encoding, and resolution.

Font ID

A 16-character code (no lowercase letters) that describes the seven basic font

attributes (including type family) of the ROM fonts.

Font fnle ID

A 31-character code that describes the character set and font attributes for a

given font file. Appendix D lists all standard type famlly, font, and fontfile IDs

for the ROM font files.

Form length

The vertical size of the printed area on a page. The maximum form length
depends on the setting of the paper size switch, the origin point for page

coordinates, and the paga orientation.

GL (graphic left) and GR (graphic right) codes
Two code tables in memory, reserved for printable characters. You store the

character sets you want to print from in GL and GR.

The printer uses the graphic left "(GL) table in memory when the character code

format is 7-bit, or when the the character code format is 8-bit and the graphic
characters are in the 2/1 through 7/14 range.

The printer uses the graphic right (GR) table in memory when the character

code format is 8-bit and the graphic characters are in the 10/0 through 15/15
range.
G

GLOSSARY

Hard margin

215

A setting that defines the printing area on the page. The printer cannot print
outside a hard margin, except when drawing vectors or doing justification.
Horizontal margin

The left horizontal margin specifies the first printable position on a line. The
right horizontal margin specifies the last printable position on a line.
Image area

The printable part of a page. On the LNO3 (and most prmt@rs) you cannot print
to the physical edge of the page.
Input buffer

An area in the printer thatcan hold up to 1,000 characters: recewed from the
host computer before printing them. This buffer allows the printer and host
computer to communicate independent of printing speed.
Initial values (for escape sequences)
|
g
The LNO3 has permanently stored values for some escape sequences that

control basic printing functions. The printer uses these initial values after you
power up the printer or send a reset sequence (Paragraph 5.12).
ISO

International Standards Organization

The alignment of prmted text at the right margin. When you justify text, you

change the spacing between words. Justified lines have the first character of
the first word
at the left margin (or the line home position, if different), and the
last character of the last word at the right margin.
Landm:ape prmtmg

A method of printing charactars parallel to thelong edge of the paper.
Line home position

The active pdsnmn on the printed page after a carriage return (CR). The line
home position serves as the left edge of the page for justified text. A CR may
move the active position forward or backward in order to reach the line home
position.

Line end position

The right edge of the printed page for justified text.

GLOSSARY

216

Memory cartridges

Optional ROM cartridges (for added fonts) or RAM cartridges (for added storage). You can insert cartridges in the printer’s front panel.

Origin
The starting point for printing on the page. You can select eather the corner of

the printable area or the corner of the physical page (Figure 5-4).
Normal page format

The page home line is 1/2 inch below the top margin and the page end line is
5/6 inch above the bottom margin.
Extended page format

The page home line is at the top margin and the pag@ end line is at the bottom
margin.

Page format select (PFS)

An escape sequence that lets you select a page format from a list of standard

formats. These formats select the character size, charactars per line, and lines
per page.

The active line on the page after a form feed (FF). The page home line specifies
where a form feed positions the first printable line on the page.

Page end line
Usually, the last printable line on a page. When the printer receives a line feed

(LF) on the page end line, the actwe posntlon moves to the page home line on
the next page
Parameter

A character that modifies the action or mterpretatlon of a control sequence All
parameters are unsigned, positive decimal nntegers with the most significant

digit sent first.

,
PG

e A numeric parameter indicates a numeric value such as a tab or margin
location. In this manual, numeric parammers appear as actual values or

as Pn, Pn1, Pn2, and so on.

e A selective parameter selects an action associated with the specific

parameter value. In this manual, selective parameters appear as Ps, Ps1,

Ps2, and so on.

217

GLOSSARY

Pixel

The smallest displayabl@ picture alem@nt on a video screen. The printer prints
pixels as dots.
Portrait printing

A method of printing characters parallel to the short edge of the paper. This is
the normal page ormntatmn for pnntmg For axampm this puge is printed in a
portrait orwmatmn
RAM

Random access memory

Received characters

Printable characters and control functions that the printer receives from the

host computer. The printer can process 7-bit and 8-bit data.
Reset sequence

An escape sequence that resets several printer operating features to an initial
state. There are two sequences you can use to reset the LNO3 (Paragraph
5.13).
Resolution

The number of dot's printedin a deflrmd area. The rasolumn of the LNO3 is 300
dots per inch.

ROM-resident fonts

The standard fonts that come with the printer. These fonts arepe rmanently
stored in the printer's read only memory (ROM). Paragraph 1 3 lists these
fonts

Select graphic rendition (SGR) numlwr

A number you must assign to a font file to make it avauabla forprinting
(Paragraph 4.4.2).

Serial character format

The %qumtw arrangement of the bits of a dam charactm The printer sends
and receives charactersin this format. A serial character has a start bit (space),
7 or 8 data btfi (1= mark, 0 = space), a salactabla narty bit, and a stop bit
(mark). Fugum 2-1 shows this format

218

GLOSSARY

Tab stop

A preselected point that the active position moves to when you send the printer

a tab control character (Paragraph 3.3). The active position is where the next

character prints.

Type family
|
|
A group of fonts w1th, a similar design, but dlff@rmg in the six other font
attributes. For example, courier is a type family used in the LNO3.
Type family ID
A 7-character code that identifies a given type family. For example, here are the

type family IDs for the four standard type families used with ROM-resident font

files.

Type Family

ldentification

Courier

RCOURIR

Elite

RELITEO

'DEC builtin
Pi font

DBULTNT1
D000000
IS

Vectors

Lines drawn with length, width, and direction. Margins do not affect line drawing. If you try to draw a line beyond the physical limits
of the page, the printer
will print the part of the line that occurs within the page. The printer draws lines

without modifying the active position.

Vertical margin
|
The top vertical margin specnfres the first pnntable line on a page
The bottom vertical margin specifies the last printable line. These margins are

called hard margins, because you cannot print outside the area defined by the
margins.

XON/XOFF protocol
A method of synchronizing data communication between the printer
and the

computer. The printer sends XON AND XOFF signals to tell the computer when

to start or stop sending data. The XON/XOFF protocol prevents the printer’s

input buffer from overflowing. Otherwise, you might lose data if the printer
stops for some reason (a paper-out condition, for example) or if the communication speed is greater than the print speed.

INDEX OF PRINTING COMMANDS

BY MNEMONIC NAME

CUU (cursor up),

106

DA (device attribute),

110

DECATFF (assign type family and font),
DECAWM (right margin wrap mode),

59, 205

DECCRNLM (carriage return/new line mode),
DECDTFF (deleting type family or font file),
DECFSR (font status report),

DECHTS (horizontal tab set),

108

DECLFF (load font file),

61, 206
o

56-57, 204

DECOPM (origin placement mode),
DECPSM (pitch select mode),

73, 196

DECPSP (proportional spacing),
DECRFS (request font status),

72
62

DECSHORP (set horizontal pitch),

71, 82

DECSHTS (set horizontal tab stop),

108

DECSLPP (set lines per page),

DECSLRM (set left and right margin),

100

DECSTBM (set top and bottom margin),
DECSTR (soft terminal reset),

DECSVTS (set vertical tab stop),

DECVEC (draw vector), 120
DECVERP (set vertical pitch),
DSR (device status report),

DSR (device status request),

39, 121

109

80
112

111

219

220

INDEX OF PRINTING COMMANDS

GSM (graphic size modification),

GSS (graphic size selection),

65, 197, 202

63, 64, 202

HPA (horizontal position absolute),

102

HPB (horizontal position backward),

HPR (horizontal position relative),

JFY (justification),

103

118

LNM (line feed/new line mode),

LS (locking shift),

51, 53

PFS (page format select),
PLD (partial line down),
PLU (partial line up),

87-96, 203
107

107

PUM (position unit mode),

74,76

RIS (reset to initial state),

39, 121

SGR (select graphic rendition),
selecting a font with,

56, 59

60, 206

highlighting characters with,

SHS (select horizontal space),
SPI (spacing increment),
SS (single shift),

104

115, 208-210

77, 200-201

51,53

SSU (select size unit),

64, 76

SVS (select vertical space),
- TBC (tabulation clear),

110

VPA (vertical position absolute),

104

VPB (vertical position backward),
VPR (vertical position relative),

106

105

BY FUNCTION

Fonts Files anfid Character Sets
46, 50, 207

Select a character set,

56-57, 204

Load a font file (DECLFF),

59, 205

Assign a type family and font (DECATFF),

60-61, 206

Select a font for printing (SGR),

Select a font size (GSS and GSM), 63-65
Deleting a type family or font file (DECDTFF),

Request font status (DECRFS),
Font status report (DECFSR),

Printer Modes

Autowrap (DECAWM),

Carriage return/new line (DECCRNLM),

Line feed/new line (LNM), 68
Origin of page (DECOPM), 73
71

Pitch select (DECPSM),

Position unit (PUM),

74,76

Proportional spacing (DECPSP),
Page Format

Page format select (PFS),

88-93, 203

Set lines per physical page (DECSLPP), 97
Set top and bottom margins (DECSTBM), 98
Set left and right margins (DECSLRM), 100
Justification (JFY),

118

Horizontal and Vertical Spacing
Select size unit (SSU),

64, 76

Spacing pitch increment (SPI),

77, 200-201

Select vertical spacing (SVS),
Set vertical pitch (DECVERP),

Select horizontal spacing (SHS), 81
Set horizontal pitch (DECSHORP), 71, 82

61, 206

222

INDEX OF PRINTING COMMANDS

Active Printing Position
Horizontal position absolute (HPA),

102

Horizontal position backward (HPB),
Horizontal position relative (HPR),

Vertical position absolute (VPA),

104

Vertical position backward (VPB),
Vertical position relative (VPR),

Cursor up (CUU),

104

103
106

105

106
e

Subscripting and Superscripting
Partial line down (PLD),
Partial line up (PLU),

107

Tabs

Set horizontal tabs (DECSHTS),
Set vertical tabs (DECSVTS),

Clear tabs (TBC),

108

109

110

Highlighting Characters

Underlining,

115, 116, 209

Bold printing,

115, 116, 208

Italic printing,

115, 117, 209

Strike-through printing,

115, 118, 210

Drawing Lines

Drawing vectors (DECVEC),

120

Printing Graphs and Drawings

Selecting sixel mode,

126

Status Reports
Printer ID (DA),

110

Device status report (DSR),

112

Device status request (DSR),

111

Resetting the Printer
Reset to initial state (RIS),

121

Soft terminal reset (DECSTR),

121

INDEX

Carrier detect,

-A-

Active column,
selecting,

32, 102

Active line,

103

‘moving backward,

104

moving forward,

105,106

moving backward,

106

Active position,

26-27

28-29

built-in,

32, 102

49, 55

DEC multinational explained,
designating,