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Document:	VAXstation 3100 Model 30 Desktop-VMS Basic System Guide
Order Number:	EK-259AA-UG
Revision:	1
Pages:	346
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-259AA-UG-001

VAXstation 31
Model 30
Desktop-VMS
Basic System Guide

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

March 1989

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed
as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied
only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not
supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.

Printed in U.S.A.

The postpaid Reader’s Comments form at the end of this document requests your critical
evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.

—

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
R

CDA
CompacTape
DDIF
DEC

DELNI
DEMPR
Desktop-VMS
DESPR

MASSBUS
PrintServer
Q-bus
ReGIS

VAX DOCUMENT
VAX KDC
VAXcluster
VAXpc

DECconnect
DECnet

DESNC
DSS

LAN Bridge
LA75 Companion Printer

Remote System Manager
RRD40

ThinWire
ULTRIX

VAXserver
VAXstation

VMS
VT

DECUS

LNO3

UNIBUS

XUI

DECwindows

LNO3R ScriptPrinter

VAX

DECnet/SNA
DECrouter

dlilglit]all

The following are third-party trademarks:
MS®, Microsoft®, and MS-DOS® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. NFSTM ig
a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. IBM® and IBM Personal Computer AT® are registered
trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. PostScript® is a registered

trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. TeflonTM is a trademark of E.I. Du Pont de Nemours &
Company, Inc. UNIX® is a registered trademark of American Telephone & Telegraph Company.
X Window SystemTM is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
FCC NOTICE: The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and may emit radio
frequency energy. The equipment has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for
a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed
to provide reasonable protection against such radio frequency interference when operated
in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause
interference, in which case the user at his own expense may be required to take measures to
correct the interference.

—

ML-51012

GBS,

Production Note
This book was produced with the VAX DOCUMENT electronic
publishing system, a software tool developed and sold by Digital.
In this system, writers use an ASCII text editor to create source
files containing text and English-like code; this code labels
the structural elements of the document, such as chapters,
paragraphs, and tables. The VAX DOCUMENT software, which
runs on the,VMS operating system, interprets the code to format
the text, generate a table of contents and index, and paginate the
entire document. Writers can print the document on the terminal
or line printer, or they can use Digital-supported devices, such
as the LNO3 laser printer and POSTSCRIPT printers (PrintServer
40 or LNO3R ScriptPrinter), to produce a typeset-quality copy
containing integrated graphics.

ARSI

RSB

—

PRI,

[

Contents

About This Guide. . . . .. e o

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System
What Is a VAXstation 3100? ........... ee .
Configurations . . ..... ... ..ttt
Desktop-VMS Software for the VAXstation 3100 ..............
Benefits of Being Joined to a Cluster ... ....... ee

1-2
1-2
1-2
1-3

Installing System Hardware
Choosing the Right Location . ............................
Unpacking ............
...
.. e Cree et
Setting Up Your System. . . .. ... ... . .
... . ..
Identifying System Unit Ports and Connectors ............
Connecting the Keyboard . ... ... ... ... ... ... .......
Connecting the Mouse ............... et
e
e :
Attaching Ethernet Terminators ............ e
Connecting the Monitor .. ...........
... ... ... ...... ..
Connecting the Power Cords . ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Inserting Media ............
... 0 iiiieinn.. e
Starting Your System . . . . ....... ... .. .. i
Checking the Power-Up Display.............. e
Power-Up Display for Diskless System .. .. e
Power-Up Display for System with Hard Disk and
Diskette Drive . .................. e
If You Have Problems .......................... e

If You Need to Set the Keyboard Language ..................
Whatto Do Next .. ... ..
i
it i i e e

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-11
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-16
2-16
2-17
2-17
2-18

Getting Ready to Use Software ............
... .. .. .......
Turning Your System Off . . ..................... e

3 Getting Started with DECwindows
What Are Windows? . . . ........
... ... ... ...... e
Working with the Mouse

................... e Ce

Starting a Session . ..... e e

e e

3-2
3-2
3-4

Running Applications . . . .........
... .. ... ....... e

3-7

Choosing fromaMenu...............
... . ... ... .....

3-8

Moving a Window . . . .. ...

it e i

Shrinking a Window toan Icon .. ......................
Entering Text . . . ................... e s

Copying Text ................... e

e e Ce

Changing the Size of a Window . . . .. S
U P P
Scrolling Through Text.

.. .. ..... ... .. ... ... . ... ... ...

Exiting from an Application . . ... .........
... ... ... ....

Puttinga Sessionon Hold ........................ e
Ending a Session ................. e

e e

3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-14
3-15
3-16

3-16
3-17
AN,

Using Desktop-VMS Software
Usingthe Mouse ..........
... ... .. ... ... .... e

4-1

Selecting Windows . .. ....................... e

4-3

Choosing Items from Pull-Down Menus . . ... .. e ‘e

4-4

Choosing Items from Submenus...........................

4-5

Choosing Items from Pop-Up Menus ............. ee

4-5

Choosing Items from Option Menus .. .......... e

4-6

Supplying Information in Dialog Boxes . ....... S

4-7

Movingina DialogBox ..........
... ... . ... ... ....... :

4-8

Making Selections from List Boxes

4-9

.....................

Running Applications. ............. e

e i e e

4-9

Scrolling . . ... e
Moving Windows . ......... ... e,

4-10

Changing the Size of Windows . ... ... e
e e et
Shrinking Windows ................. e e
e
Expanding Icons to Windows . .. ......... .. . .
... ... ......
Stacking Overlapping Windows . ..........................
Making Stacked Windows Stickin Place ..................
Releasing Windows Lockedin the Stacking Order . .. .... ...

Editing Text . . . ... ..

Selecting Text.

. e

. .. ... .. .

4-11

4-12
4-13

4-14
4-14

4-14
4-15
4-15

4-16

Copying Text .. ... e eS

4-17

Moving Text Between Windows .. ......................

4-18

Deleting Text with Pending Delete. .. ...................

..... ...
........
Text Editing Key Definitions ..........
.. ...
...
...
Composing Special Characters . .. ............
Getting Help ...
‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘

Invoking Help
NavigatinginHelp................... e e ..
L

»*

Searching Help for Titles and Keyworda ee
Saving Help Textina File . . ...........
... .. ... e
Exitingfrom Help .........
. ... ..
L. e

4-18
4-18
4-20
4-20
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24

4-24

5 Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices
Understanding the VMS Directory Structure. ................
About Files. . ...
About Directories and Devices . .. ........ .. ... .

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

.. ... .
Using Wildcards in File Specifications . ... ............ e
Using the Asterisk (*) Wildeard ....................
...
Using the Percent (%) Wildcard ....... e
e
Using Wildcards in Directory Specifications . . .. . .. e

5-1

5-3
5-3
>4
55
-5

6 Using FileView
Understanding the FileView Window . . . . .. e e
Running Applications . . . ........... e
e e e
Selecting File Names .. .............
... ... .... e
e e e,
Scrolling Through the File List .. ... e e e me e
Updating the File Llst L] * - L JIEE T T 2 T B N % W % ke B & & % B & B @ & B ® ® B & H % W & ®»
Keeping Track of Work in Progress ............ e
e e
Workingwith Files. . .. ... ... ... .. .
Hiding Command Dialog Boxes .............
... ... .....
Viewing the Contents of Files ...................... .
Creating and Modifying Files. . ... ..... ... ... . ... ....
Copying Files
Copying One File to Another .. ... e e
Copying Groups of Files ... ... .. e
Searching Files for Text Strings..........
... ... ... .. ...
Changing the Nameofa File...... ... ... ... ... ... ....
Renaming a File. . ... ...e e
e
Renaming Groups of Files . . ... e
e
Comparing the Contents of Files . ............... e
Displaying Information About Files . . ... ... ee
Purging Files
Deleting Files
Printing Files
»

[

*®

w®

@®

#»

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

6-2

6-3
6-3

64
6-4

6-5
69

6-9
6-10
6-11

6-12
6-12

6-13
6-15
6-16

6-17

6-18

6-19
6-22

6-23
6-25
6-26

Submitting a Batch Job ........... e e S
Running Programs . .. ......
... .. .. .. 0.
...
... :

Monitoring Print and Batch Queues
Invoking the Status Windows

6-29

. ........................

6-29

Stopping a Print or BatchJob . ........................
Modifying the Status Window Displays . .................
Changing the Queue Selection .. .................
Changing the Display Items.

. .. ........ e
Changing the Sort Order . ... .. e Ce e

6-32
6-32
6-32

6-33
6-34

Monitoring System Processes . ........ e
e e
Accessing Files and Applications Quickly ............. e

6-34

Using Pop-Up Menus to Execute Commands . .. ... ... Feve

6-34
6-34
6-35
6-35

Using Double-Click Commands ........................

Working with Directories ........... ee I
Creating a Directory . ......
.. .. . ..
.....
..
Deleting a Subdirectory .. .................... e .

Navigating a Directory Structure.

. ................... ..

6-34

6-37
6-38

Using the Ellipsis ( ... )Wildcard ........... e
Using the Hyphen (-) Wildecard . .............. -

6-39

...

6-41

6-42

Changing the File Order in Your File List . ... ... .........
Displaying a Partial File List.
Saving
a View

....... e

e e e

. ... ................ e
e e

e e

Restoring a Saved View . . ....... ...

. . . . . .

Deleting a Saved View . . ........ ...

.0 ... :

6-40

Displaying a Logical Name Definition ............ .
Deleting a Logical
Name . ......................

.......... e
Changing the Fields in Your File List .. .................

6-38

Defining Logical Names . ................... ce

Changing the Look of Your File List

6-36

Searching a Directory Structure with Search Wildcards ... ..

Using Logical Names .. ... ........ ... .. ..

6-27
6-28

6-43
6-43
6-45
6-46

6-46
647

6-50
6-50

Opening a New FileView Window . ........................

6-51

Executing a DCL Command.......... e e e

6-52

Customizing FileView
Adding Verbs and Building Pull-Down Menus ................
Adding a Verb to a Pull-Down Menu ....................
Changing a Verb Definition . ..........................

/-3
/-4

Removing a Verb from a Pull-Down Menu ................

7-5

AddingaMenuName

7-6

. .........
...
0. ..

Adding or Removing Menu Names fmm FileView’s Menu

Bar. ..,
Building Pop-Up Menus and Defining Double-Click Commands

Viii

7-6
7-8

Adding a Verb to a Pop-Up Menu...... cee R
-

8
-

7-9

Removing a Verb from a Pop-UpMenu ..................

7-10

Changing a Double-Click Verb Definition.................

7-11

Adding and Removing aFileType .. ............. e

7-12

Sharing a Custom FileView . . . .. e
i i et e et
e
Using Shared Customization Files . . . . ... e
e e e
Building Shared Customization Files. . ..................

7-13

/=12
7-13

Using DECwindows Applications
Using the Bookreader .............. e e

8-2

Starting the Bookreader. . . .. e S .

8-2

Opening Shelvesand Books .. .............
... ........

8-2

Selecting Topics from the Table of Contents. ......
..

8-4

Navigating the Table of Contents and Index ..............

8-4

8-5

Selecting Topics from the Index . ... ... e e

Reading Text . ...... ... ... . . .

8-4

Displaying Figures, Tables, and Examples ....... .

Using Cross-References and Footnotes.

W
o

8-6

Using Other DECwindows Applications . . .... i e C

8-6

Calendar ................... e e e ..

8-6

Caleculator .........

... .. . ..

Cardfiler. ... ...... ...

Clock ............... O

DDIF Viewer .. ... ...t
.. .. .

8-8

e e e

8-9

Notepad Text Editor . . .. .......
... ............
.. e

8-10

Paint ............ R
S I SN S e

Puzzle ............... R
DECterm ....................... e

8-10

8-11
8-11

Running Applications Across the Network . .. ................

Running Applications on Your Workstation for Remote

—

O I e
e e,

8-7

Enabling Network Access to Your Workstation Monitor.
Displaying Remote Applications on Your Workstation

8-6

... ... ... ..... e ..

Mail ...................... e

8-6

EVE Text Editor. . . ....... ...

8-5

Closing Shelves and Books........ e
Exiting from the Bookreader . . ... .. e

8-5

. .. .........

8-11

. . . ..

8-11
)

Monitor . ...... ..

8-14

Display . .. .. e
et et
e
e e C
Running Apphcatmns from a DCL Command Line .........

8-17
8-18

Printing Files with Desktop-VMS Software . .................
Printing Files from Applications

.......................

Using Advanced Print Settings

............. ee

8-19
-

8-19
8-22

Using the Session Manager
Creating a DECterm Window. . . ... ..e e

9-2

e e

-2

Capturing Screen Snapshots for Printing. ..
.. e e

9-3

Customizing Your Desktop-VMS Environment................
Changing Your Keyboard Settings........ e e

9-5

Changing Your Pointer and Mouse Settings...............
Changing Your Print Screen Settings.................. ..

9-8
9-11

Changing Your Security Settings . ......................
Changing Your Session Manager Settings ................

9-13

Creating a FileView Window . ............ e

e e

Changing Your Window Settings ........... e :
Saving Your New Settings . ................... e e :
Putting a Sessionon Hold ... ..... ... ... ... ... .. ... ..
Endinga Session ............... ... e

9-6
R,

9-13

9-15
9-20
9-21
PR

9-22

Using Storage Devices
Accessing Devices

..................... e e ..

Initializing a Device
Mounting a Device

..........
...
...
e e e e e e e e
e

........... e

10-2
10-3

104

Dismounting a Device ............
... . ... ... .. ... -

10-5

Backing UpYour Files . ... ... ... ... . .
Creating a Backup Save Set ............
... ... ... ... ..
Performing a Full Backup ..........
... ... ... ... ..
..
Performing an Incremental Backup ............... e
Choosing Incremental Options . .. ...
.. e
e
Selecting by File Specification ...................
Selecting by File Date ... .................
... ..
Selecting by File Version .......................
Completing the File Selection .............. e

10-6

Restoring a Backup Save Set . . . .. e e e
e e e e
Performing a Restore Operation. .. .................... :
Restoring Without a Save Set Listing ....... e
Generating a Save Set Listing . . . e e e
Using the RX23 Diskette Drive ...........
.. ... .. .
0. :

10-7

10-9
10-10

10-10
10-11

10-12
10-14
10-14

10-14
10-15
10-15
10-16
10-17

Using Diskettes .. ......... . . iy ‘.

10-17

Writing to and Protecting Diskettes . . . ..................
Write-Protecting a Diskette ... ..................
Writing to a Diskette ... .......... R

10-17

10-18
10-18
10-19

10-20

Handling Problems

Detérmining the Source of Your Problem . . .. .. e
Using the Troubleshooting Table .. ... .. R e ..
Console Commands
Service Information
-

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

11-1
11-2

11-4
11-5

12 Adding and Using Expansion Boxes
When to Add Expansion
Boxes

...........................

Guidelines for Connecting Expansion Boxes .................
Preparing Your System
Unpacking an Expansion Box ............................
Installing the Bottom Dress Cover . .. ................. ..
Connecting One Expansion Box .. ................ e
Daisy-Chaining Two Expansion Boxes . .....................
Adding and Using the RRD40 Compact Disc Expansion Box . . . ..
Selecting the Voltage
Verifying the SCSI ID on the First RRD40 .............. :
Ld

"»

Resetting the SCSI ID on a Second RRD40 ...............
Inserting a Compact Disc............ e
e e e e e e
Removing a Compact Disc . ............. ee
Adding an RZ55 Hard Disk Expansion Bax ...................
Verifying the SCSI ID on the First RZ55 . .. ..............
Resetting the SCSI ID on the Second RZ55 . ..............
Adding and Using a TK50Z Tape Expansion Box............. :
Verifying the SCSI ID on the TK50Z . .......... e
Using Tape Cartridges
Labeling a Tape Cartridge . ............
... . ... . ... ....
Writing to and Protecting Tape Cartridges ............ *

IEEE I

Write-Protecting a Tape . . . .......... e

12-1

12-2
12-3
12-4
12-6
12-7

12-9

12-10

12-11
12-11

12-12
12-13
12-14

12-16
12-16
12-17

12-18
12-18
12-19

12-19
12-20

12-21

WritingtoaTape .. .................. e hee e

12-22

Handling and Storing Tape Cartridges

.. ... e e

12-22

Inserting a Tape Cartridge . . . . .........
... .. ... ... ....
Removing a Tape Cartridge ........... e e

12-23

Using TK50Z Controlsand Lights . ... ..................

12-26

Testiing Expansion Boxes

12-25
12-27

13 Adding Options
VAXpc
for VMS Overview

. ..........
it iiinininennenn.

13-1

PC Hardware Environment ...........................

13-1

What VAXpcCan Do ........... R

13-2

DECwindows and VAXpc . . ....... i,

13-2

Hard Disk Drives . . . . ... ... .

Printers .......... e

e e

Connecting a Printer .......... e

e eaeie ke e B

Modems . .. ..e
e e
e e
Connecting a Modem ............ O

13-3

e ae
e

13-4

e
S

13-6

Tablet....... S I
Monitors. . . ............ S
S

13-7

CableOption ...................... P D
Color Option. ... ... ... .. ittt e

13-7
13-7

13-5
13-7

Appendixes

A Keyboard
Function Keys ......... e e
e e
e
e
Indicator Lights ... .. P
S
A e
Special Editing Keypad ................. e
e
Numeric/Application Keypad ......... e
e
e e e e

FileView Task Messages
Using FileView Task Messages in Command Files.............
FileView Task Messages. . . ... ... . ittt

B-1
B-2

Creating a FileView Command File . . .............. e

B-8

C DECwindows System Messages

Xii

A-2
A-2
A-3
A-4

D Hardware Specifications
Glossary
Index
Figures
1-1

VAXstation 3100 System ........... e B

1-1

2~1

Unpacking ............... P
P P e

2-3

2-2

Lifting Equipment ... .................. e Cr

e e ..

2-3

System Unit Ports and Connectors

..................... Ce e

2-5

2-4

Connecting the Keyboard to the System Unit . ................

2-6

2-5

Connecting the Mouse to the System Unit....................

2-7

2-6

Connecting Terminators to the T-Connector . . . .. e e

2-8

2—-7

Connecting the T-Connector to the System Unit ...... e

2-9

2-8

Connecting the Loopback Connector to the System Unit .........

2-10

2-9

Connecting the Monitor Cable to the System Unit..............

2-12

2-10

Connecting the Monitor Power Cord . .......................

2-13

2-11

Connecting the System Power Cord .. .............. e

2-14

8-1

Bookreader Library ....................... e

8-2

Bookreader Selection and Topic Wmdows

8-3

Calendar Window . . . . . ...

i die et

....... e e

... i e

8-4

Cardfiler Windows . .. ..........
... ... ..... e

8-5

Main Mail Window . . . .. .. .. ... .. . e

10-1

Write-Protecting a Diskette . ............. b

h e e :

10-2

Inserting a Diskette . ... .............. ee e

10-3

Removing a Diskette ....... S

11-1

Diagnostic Lights . . ............. e

12-1

Removing the SCSI Cover .................. e

e e

T e ..
e e

e s e

12-2

Removing the SCSI Terminator . ............... O

12-3

Unpacking an RZ55 or TK50Z Expansion Box . ............. .

12-4

Installing Bottom Dress Cover .. ............... e

12-5

SCSI Terminator . ....... ... . .

12-6

Connecting One TK50Z or One RZ55 Expansmn Box............

12-7

Connecting One RRD40 Expansion Box . . . ... ......... e

12-8

Daisy-Chaining Two Expansion Boxes .. .. .. e e

xiii

12-9

RRD40 Voltage Selector and Factory SCSI ID Switch Positions.

12-10

RRD40 Expansion Box . . . .. .......... e

12-11

Inserting a Compact Disc.

.. ........ ...

e e

.. .

e e

. ...,

12-12

Verifying the SCSI ID on the First RZ55 . . . ... R
T

12-13

Resetting the SCSI ID on the Second RZ55 ...................

12-14

Verifying the SCSI ID on the TK50Z ... .............. e

12-15

Labeling a Tape Cartridge . ... ..........
.. ... ....... e

12-16

Write-Protectinga Tape . .. .............. e

12-17

Inserting a Tape Cartridge into the TK50Z .. .................

12-18

Removing a Tape Cartridge from the TK50Z . .................

13-1

Connecting a Printer . ................... P

e e

13-2

Connecting a Modem ................... e e

A-1

Keyboard ......... ... ... ... . . . .. . . . .

A-2

Editing Keypad ............... S
SN

A-3

Numeric/Application Keypad . ........................ e

... e

Tables
11-1

Troubleshooting .. ..................... P
PP

11-2

SHOW Commands .. ... e e ee e

e e e

e e i

11-3

SET Commands . . .. ...t R

12-1

Expansion Box SCSI IDS and Switch Posz&tmns ...... e

12-2

Using TK50Z Controls . ......... e

12-3

Understanding TK50Z Lights

13-1

Hard Disk Drives . . . .. .................. e

e e e

e :

. .............
... ... .........
e

e e e

13-2

Printers ....... e

13-3

Modems . . ...
e
e e
e e

D-1

System Unit Dimensions (Diskless System) . .. ................

D-2

System Specifications

D-3

System Storage Conditions

D-4

System Operating and Nonoperating Cflndltmns .......... e

e e

e e ceie

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

........................... e

D-5

System Electrical Specifications . ... .....
... P
SI
S

D-6

RZ22/23 Hard Disk Drive Specifications

... .. e e

D-7

RX23 Diskette Drive Specifications . ........................

D-8

RZ55 Hard Disk Drive Dimensions ............ e
e e e

D-9

RZ55 Hard Disk Drive Specifications

D-10

RZ55 Hard Disk Drive Environmental Specifications

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

...........
SO

Xiv

About This Guide

Purpose of This Guide
The VAXstation 3100 Model 30 Desktop-VMS system functions
as a satellite when it is part of a cluster connected to a server,
either a VAXstation 3100 Model 40 or a VAXserver 3400 Model
640QS. When not clustered, it functions as a standalone system.
This manual contains all the information you need to install, use,
and maintain a VAXstation 3100 Model 30 Desktop-VMS system.

For information about installing and managing a Desktop-VMS
system, see the Desktop-VMS Management Guide.

Who Shoul Use This Guide
This guide is for anyone who will be using a VAXstation 3100 as

a satellite system connected to a server. By reading this guide,
you can learn how to work with files, hardware devices (tapes,
diskettes, and printers), and applications (such as the Bookreader,
Calculator, and the Notepad editor).

Structure of This Guide
This guide contains fourteen chapters and four appendixes.
s

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the VAXstation 3100 and
Desktop-VMS system. It also defines the relationship between
a VAXstation 3100 Model 30 and a VAXstation 3100 Model 40
or VAXserver 3400.

Chapter 2 describes how to set up your new VAXstation
3100 equipment, including things to consider when choosing a
location for the system, and safety and security considerations.

Chapter 3 contains a DECwindows tutorial that steps users
through a sample first session.

Chapter 4, designed as a refresher or for those users already
familiar with graphics windowing systems, describes in
reference format how to use the DECwindows interface.
Chapter 5 provides a quick overview of files, directories, and
devices and their place in the VMS directory structure.

Chapter 6 describes how to use FileView to access applications
and work with files.

Chapter 7 describes how to customize FileView to
accommodate your own computing environment and needs.

Chapter 8 describes how to use applications, such as the
Bookreader and Notepad editor, that are part of your

Desktop-VMS system.
Chapter 9 tells you how to use the Session Manager to create
new windows, and customize your work environment to suit
your own needs.

Chapter 10 describes how to use tapes, disks, and diskettes.
The chapter also shows you how to create backups of your files
to prevent the accidental loss of data.

Chapter 11 shows you how to identify and solve problems.
Chapter 12 describes additional hardware and software

]

options for your system. It includes an overview of VAXpc

software and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

hardware.
Chapter 13 gives information on options for your VAXstation
3100.

Appendix A gives general information about your keyboard.
Appendix B lists FileView task messages and describes how
to use them in verb command files to make your custom verbs

appear better integrated with FileView. This appendix also
contains a sample command file that shows how these task
i

messages are used.

Appendix C lists error and status messages that may appear
when you are starting a session, working with the Session
Manager and FileView, or running applications on remote
systems.

Appendix D gives hardware specifications.
The Glossary defines technical terms used in this guide.
XVi

Guude to VAXstation 3100 Deskiop-VMS Documentation
The manuals you will use to install and operate your VAXstation
3100 Desktop-VMS system are listed below. The left column lists
the manuals. The right column contains the type of tasks and
information given in each manual.
Manual

Task

Planning and Preparation

Planning your office

Desktop-VMS Basic System Guide

Setting up the system unit

Connecting the keyboard and mouse
Turning your satellite system on

Using the mouse |
Manipulating windows
Creating and using files

Reading documentation online
Monitor Installation/Owner’s Guide

Connecting a monitor to your system unit

Adjusting your monitor’s brightness and contrast
Desktop-VMS Management Guide

Connecting to a network
Installing Desktop-VMS software

Setting up networks and printers
Registering licenses and installing layered products

VMS DECwindows Desktop
Applications Guide (available online)

Using Calendar, Cardfiler, and other DECwindows
applications

Layered Product User’s Guides

Using layered products

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this guide:
mouse

MB1, MB2, MB3

The term mouse is used to refer to any pointing device, such as a mouse, a
puck, or a stylus.
MBJ1 indicates the left mouse button, MB2 indicates the middle mouse
button, and MB3 indicates the right mouse button. (The buttons can be
redefined by the user.)

A sequence such as [Ctrl/x]| indicates that you must hold down the key
labeled Ctrl while you press another key or a pointing device button.

PF1]

A sequence such as [PF]] @ indicates that you must first press and release
the key labeled PF1, then press and release another key or a pointing
device button.
A key name is shown enclosed to indicate that you press a key on the
keyboard.

blue-green ink

Blue-green ink indicates information that you must enter from the
keyboard or that you must click on with the mouse. In the online version
of the book, this information is shown in bold type.

bold

Bold type is used to introduce new terms. New terms are definedin the
Glossary.

italics

Italic type is used for information that can vary in system messages (for
example, Internal error numaber.)

UPPERCASE

Uppercase letters in commands indicate that you must enter a command
exactly as shown. For example, enter

$ RUN
$
lowercase

Lowercase letters in commands indicate that you must substitute a word
or value. For example, enter
$

RUN program name

$
Warning

Warnings provide information to prevent personal injury. Read these
carefully.

Caution

Cautions provide information to prevent damage to equipment or software.
Read these carefully.
:

Note

Notes provide general information about the current topic.

XViii

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System

This chapter describes some of the features of the VAXstation

3100 Desktop-VMS system (Figure 1-1).
Figure 1-1

VAXstation 3100 System

—
|
g
/

)

MLO-002344

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System

1-1

What Is a VAXstation 31007?
The VAXstation 3100 running Desktop-VMS software is a low-

cost desktop system that offers all the advantages of Digital’s
powerful VAX architecture. Applications include an analog/digital

clock, calendar, and calculator. Online manuals, a windowing
environment, and other features make the VAXstation 3100 easy
to use.

The basic system includes the windowing environment and

‘high-speed processing, but you can add diskette and tape drives,
printers, and other devices to increase the usability of your

—

system. Your VAXstation 3100 is joined with others to form a

cluster, thus sharing processing power, applications, and devices.

You have the ability to start small and add to the system as you
need to.

These features, including picture-like icons for applications, mean
enjoyable computing for you.

Configurations
Your VAXstation 3100 is one of two configurations, either diskless

or turbo.
The diskless version is the basic, introductory system, containing

—

no disk drives. All files are stored on the server.

The turbo version has an RZ22 hard disk, holding 52 megabytes of
data. It also has an RX23 diskette drive, which uses 1.2 megabyte

diskettes.

Desktop-VMS Software for the VAXstation 3100

Desktop-VMS Software for the VAXstation 3100 offers the
following features:
S

A DECwindows user environment—VMS DECwindows allows

you to invoke applications and perform tasks by selecting

functions from graphical menus; you do not need to rely on
typed commands. You can run several different applications

—

simultaneously and switch between them. In addition,
DECwindows works in a distributed environment; it allows

—

you to share data, applications, and system resources over a

network.

A DECwindows interface to system management—Desktop-

VMS Software provides a DECwindows interface to commonly

used system management functions. Through graphical
R

1-2

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System

menus, you see only those functions necessary to manage your
Desktop-VMS environment.

Online documentation—Access to online documentation is
provided by the DECwindows Bookreader. You can use the
Bookreader to browse through documentation by paging
through a selected manual or by selecting entries from the
manual’s index or table of contents.

In addition to the Desktop-VMS Software system, the DesktopVMS compact disc includes pre-installed software for the following
layered products:

a Distributed System Services (DSS)
The DSS program provides users with the ability to treat
remote network resources as if they were local. Current DSS
products include:

—

VAX Distributed File Service (DFS)—Provides local access
to remote VMS disk resources.

—

VAX Distributed Queuing Services (DQS)—Provides local
‘access to remote VMS printers.

VAXpc for VMS

VAXpc for VMS software is a DECwindows application
program that emulates an IBM PC AT computer, enabling
VAXstation users to access PC applications.

While these products are included on the Desktop-VMS Software
CD, the Desktop-VMS product does not include licenses for these
products. If you purchase a license for these products, you will
receive a Product Authorization Key (PAK) that allows you to
access the software.

Contact your Digital sales representative for ordering information.

Benefits of Being Joined to a Cluster
Your VAXstation 3100 is a member of a cluster. Clustering closely
connects several VAX processors so that they can perform and
be managed as a single powerful system. Processors in a cluster
share storage, applications, and other system resources in a
flexible, yet centrally controlled configuration.
As a satellite member in a local area VAXcluster, or LAV,
you have a relationship that gives you many benefits, while
minimizing time-consuming tasks. Management tasks, such
as making backup copies of your files and installing software,
are done by a system manager. One system manager can serve

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System

1-3

several satellite users. You're connected to the system manager’s
processor, the server, by the Ethernet.

RIS

Let’s look at your benefits in more detail.
s

Central System Management

The system manager installs software, performs file backups,
tracks system security, and manages resources for all
satellites.

Distributed Processing
The system manager establishes clusterwide batch queues and

SRS

print queues that serve satellites in the cluster. This allows
work to be done on the most available processor. Queues can
be distributed to take advantage of conveniently placed or
least used devices.
s

Resource Sharing
Right from your desktop, you have access to CPU power, disks,
printers, applications, and data located on other systems
throughout the cluster. Satellites can share data, allowing

more than one user access to the same file.
s

Increased Access

Access to the cluster is through any satellite in the cluster. If
the satellite that you are used to using is not available for any
reason, you can work from another.

]

1-4

Your VAXstation 3100 Desktop-VMS System

2
Hardware

After helping you check that you have all your equipment and the
right location for your system, this chapter shows how to set up
your system, including:

Connecting the keyboard

Connecting the mouse

Attaching Ethernet terminators to prepare either for
networking or diagnostic tests

Connecting the monitor

Connecting the power cords

Starting your system

This chapter goes on to show you how to prepare your system to
use software and what to do to get your system connected to a
network.

Installing System Hardware

2-1

Choosing the Right Location
Use the following checklist to keep your VAXstation 3100
operating at its best:

Keep the temperature between 10°C and 40°C (50°F and
104°F) and the relative humidity between 10% and 95%.

Keep the air well circulated to prevent excess heat and dust
from accumulating.

Keep your equipment away from heaters, photocopiers, direct
sunlight, and abrasive particles.
Before you set up your system, select a surface that is
large enough to hold a system unit with a monitor on top,

a keyboard, and mouse. Your desk or work table is a good

ST,

choice. If you need to, you can place your system unit on a
shelf. To place your system on a shelf, you must order a long
monitor cable.

You will be more comfortable if you place the monitor so that
the top line of the monitor display is at eye level.

To avoid screen glare, pick a place where bright light will not
reflect off the monitor.
Keep the area clean. Do not place food or liquid on or near
your equipment, and do not place your system unit directly on
the floor. Dust and dirt will damage the system components.
Keep air vents clear on each side of the system unit for proper
ventilation.

Do not place the system unit on its side. Blocking the air
vents can cause the system unit to overheat.

Be sure to always connect your computer to an isolated
grounded circuit.

If you have several pieces of equipment that need to be
plugged into an electrical outlet, use a grounding power strip.

Many power strips come with an on/off switch and a surge
protector (which acts like a circuit breaker).
To avoid damaging equipment that has been moved inside
from a cold environment, let the equipment warm to room
temperature before you turn it on.
Finally, carefully read all installation instructions before you
turn on the power.

2-2

Installing System Hardware

Check whether your system unit box is labeled color or
monochrome. Use the color or monochrome monitor cable
that comes with your system unit to connect the right monitor

cable to the system unit.
Figure 2-1

Unpacking

Monitor

System Unit
Manuals

Desktop-VMS S oftware
and Information Kit
Monitor Cable

(Color Shown)

Keyboard

Mouse

Power Cords

—

Ethernet

Loopback Connector

Screwdriver
Two Terminator s and

One T-Connect: o]

MLO-002245

Unpack your system unit box and monitor box. Make sure you
have all the parts shown in Figure 2-1. The contents of each of
your boxes may differ from those shown in Figure 2—-1 depending
on what you order.

Installing System Hardware

2-3

Caution Because of the weight of the system unit and the monitor, two
people should lift the equipment (Figure 2-2).

Figure 2-2

Lifting Equipment
Y

MLO-002462

Always repack the equipment in its original packing material
when moving or relocating your VAXstation 3100.

Setting Up Your System
You are ready to begin setting up your system.

Identifying System Unit Ports and Connectors
Facing the back of the system unit, take a minute to look at all
the ports and connectors shown in Figure 2-3. Symbols (called
icons) identify each port and connector you will need to install
your system. If you have a hard disk in your system, there will
be a SCSI port on the back of your system unit with a cover.
Chapter 12 gives you directions on how to remove this cover to
connect an expansion box to your system.

2-4

Installing System Hardware

Figure 2-3

System Unit Ports and Connectors

On/Off Switch

Monitor AC Power

—

System AC Power ‘————\\

& SCSI Port
Standard Ethernet
Connector

Standard Ethernet Light
Network Select Button
ThinWire Ethernet Light

ThinWire Ethernet
Connector -

@ Halt Button
t— Keyboard Connector
(8L Mouse Connector
MLO-002207

(O Monitor Connector

i) Printer Port
— Communication Port

L Diagnostic Lights

If you have a diskless system, your system will not have the SCSI
port shown in Figure 2-3.

Installing System Hardware

2-5

Connecting the Keyboard
Connect the free end of the keyboard cable to the keyboard
connector on the back of the system unit, as shown in Figure 2—4.
Figure 2-4

Connecting the Keyboard to the System Unit

Keyboard Cable

MLO-002203

2-6

Installing System Hardware

Connecting the

Mouse

Connect the free end of the mouse cable with the pointing device
icon on top to the mouse connector on the back of the system unit
as shownin Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5

Connecting the Mouse to the System Unit

Pointing Device lcon

Mouse Cable ‘

MLO-002205

Installing System Hardware

2-7

Attaching Ethernet Terminators
You will need to connect the T-connector with two terminators

and the loopback connector to the system unit to complete the
diagnostic test later in this chapter.

|
AR

Push a terminator into each side of the T-connector and
turn both to the right until they lock into place, as shown in
Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6

Connecting Terminators to the T-Connector

T-Connector
GRSy

Terminator

HIEER

i
i

R
IR

[ i1

Terminator

Wil

]

MLO-000947
A

Later, if you decide to connect to a network, you will exchange
ThinWire cable sections for one or both terminators, depending on
your network setup.
AR

AN,

ORI

2-8

Installing System Hardware

Next, connect the T-connector to the ThinWire Ethernet
connector on the back of the system unit and turn the ribbed

portion to the right, as shown in Figure 2-7.
Figure 2-7

Connecting the T-Connector to the System Unit

Ribbed Portion
T-Connector

MLO-002209

Make sure the T-connector is set at an angle, as shown in

Figure 2-7. This allows room for the loopback connector.

Installing System Hardware

2-9

Connect the loopback connector to the standard Ethernet
connector on the back of the system unit, as shown in

AR,

Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8

Connecting the Loopback Connector to the

System Unit

Ethernet

Loopback Connector

MLO-002211

2-10

Installing System Hardware

Connecting the Monitor
You can put the monitor beside the system unit or on top of it. To
place your monitor away from the system unit, you need to order
‘a long monitor cable.
Installation is basically the same for any of the monitors available

for your system. See your monitor guide for information on: s

Connecting the monitor cable

Changing the voltage setting

Replacing a fuse

n Adjusting brightness and contrast
To set up your monitor:
1

See your monitor guide for installation instructions.

Select the appropriate screw for your monitor. The color
monitor cable comes with two different screws to attach it to
the monitor. Use the long screw for the large color monitor.
Use the short screw for all other monitors.

-3

Push the screw into the monitor cable until it snaps in place
and then screw it into the back of the monitor.

Follow the directions in the monitor guide to connect the
monitor cable to the monitor. Do not connect the keyboard

and mouse to the monitor cable. (You have already connected
the keyboard and mouse to the system unit.)

Installing System Hardware

2-11

5 (Connect the free end of the monitor cable to the back of the

system unit, as shown in Figure 2-9.

Figure 2-9

Connecting the Monitor Cable to the System Unit

ORI

Thumbscrews
MLO-002213

Tighten the thumbscrews on the monitor connector by turning
them to the right.

[

Installing System Hardware

Connecting the Power Cords
The power cord is an electrical ground for your system. To connect
your system to a power source, perform the following steps:

Make sure that the monitor, and the system unit are off (0).

Note The system unit automatically adjusts itself to the correct

voltage.

Connect oné end of the short power cord to the monitor and
plug the other end into the monitor AC power outlet on the
system unit, as shown in Figure 2-10.

" Figure 2-10

Connecting the Monitor Power Cord

Monitor Power C ord

MLO-002217

Installing System Hardware

2-13

Connect the long system power cord to the system unit and

plug the other end into a grounded electrical wall outlet, as
shown in Figure 2-11.

Figure 2-11

System Power Cord

Connecting the System Power Cord

77
MLO-002218

Inserting Media

This section is for people who plan to connect expansion boxes to
their system.

Before you turn on your system, insert the following media:
s

RRDA40 test disc

TK50 tape cartridge

If you have connected an RRD40 compact disc expansion box or
TK50Z tape expansion box to your system, insert the test disc that
comes with the compact disc into the compact disc drive or the
TK50 tape cartridge that comes with the TK50Z expansion box.
See Chapter 12 for instructions on connecting expansion boxes
and inserting the test compact disc and a tape cartridge.

2-14

Installing System Hardware

Smmng Your System
To start yeur system, turn your equipment on ( | ) in the order
given.

Turn expansion boxes on ( | ) in the following order:

| s RZ55 hard disk expansion box
s

TK50Z tape expansion box

RRD40 compact disc expansion box

To connect expansion boxes, see Chapter 12.
2

Turn the printer and modfem on ( | ), if you have this
equipment.

To connect a printer, see Chapter 13. To connect a modem, see
Chapter 13.
3

Turn the monitor on ( | ).
Leave the monitor on so that the monitor turns on and off
with the system unit.

Turn the system unit on ( | ).

The green light on the front of the monitor and system unit should

be on now. It takes approximately one and a half minutes for the
first line of the power-up display to appear.
This is a good time to adjust the brightness and contrast of your
monitor. Your screen looks blank if the brightness and contrast
are turned down too low. Follow the directions in your monitor
guide to set the brightness and contrast.

Installing System Hardware

2-15

Checking the Power-Up Display
When you turn on the system unit, a powermup display comes up

on the monitor screen.

If you see a display similar to one of the following, your system
has passed all power-up tests.
Power-Up Display for Diskless System

If you have a diskless

system, you see a display similar to the following. This display

means that your system has passed all power-up tests:
KA42-A

V1.0
O

F...E...D...C..

VMS /VMB

ULTRIX

ADDR

DEVTYP

NUMBYTES

RM/FX

08-00- 2B~07~E3 83
[ESAO:]

?2>>>

Power-Up Display for System with Hard Disk and Diskette Drive
If you have a system with a hard disk and diskette drive, you see

a display similar to the following. This display means that your
system has passed all power-up tests:
skl

KA42-A

V1.0

F...E...D...C...B. ..A...9...8...7...6...5...4...3

..2

..1..

0040

0000.0005

0050

0000.0005

VMS /VMB

ULTRIX

ADDR

ESAQ

SEOQ

08-00-2B-07-E3-83

DUAZ2

RX2

. .HostID.
..

DKA300

RZ3

. .HostlID....

[ESAQ]

DEVTYP

NUMBYTES

DISK

A/6

RM/FX

DEVNAM

RX23

RZ22

INITR

A/3/0/00 DISK
A/6
INITR

55 MB

?>>>

Press

to continue. That is, hold down the Ctrl key while

you press the c key.

Remove all media from integral devices or expansion boxes after
you have checked the power-up display. See Chapter 12 for
instructions on removing the test compact disc from the RRD40

2-16

Installing System Hardware

]

expansion box and for instructions on removing a tape from the
TK50Z tape expansion box.

If You Have Problems
If you do not see one of the power-up displays, turn off your
system unit and review each installation step. Repeat the
power-up procedure.
If you still have problems, see the Desktop-VMS Management
Guide or ask your system manager for an explanation of power-up
error messages.

If You Need to Set the Keyboard Language
If the following display appears after you press [Ctr/c|, you need to
set your keyboard language. If this display does not appear, your
keyboard language has been set.
0)

Dansk

Francais

Deutsch

Italiano

Deutsch

English

(Schweiz)

(Suisse Romande)

10)

Nederlands

11)

Norsk

12)

Portugués

Espaiiol

13)

Suomi

Francais

14)

Svenska

Francais

15)

Vlaams

3?2

>>>

(British/Irish)

(Canadien)

To set the keyboard language:

Select a language from the keyboard language menu to match
the type of keyboard you have.

If you want to select the default (English, or option 3), press
the Return key. Otherwise, enter the number of the language
that matches the language of your keyboard, and press the
Return key.

A different keyboard is supplied for each language. If you do not
know the language variation of the keyboard you received, check
the packing list.

The language you choose or that has already been set for you is
saved in memory. If you need to change the keyboard language
later, Chapter 11 shows you how.

Installing System Hardware

2-17

What to Do Nexi
If you plan to add an expansion box to your system or other
equipment, you need to do this before getting ready to use

software. The following table shows you where to find this

information.
Task

Location

Adding expansion boxes

Chapter 12

Connecting a printer

Chapter 13

Connecting a modem

Chapter 13

Connecting a tablet

Chapter 13

Getting Ready to Use Software
Since your VAXstation 3100 will be accessing Desktop-VMS
software from a server; you need to set up your system to do this
across the network.
To set up your system to access software on a server:
s

Determine your Ethernet hardware address and write it down

for your server manager.
s

Verify that your Ethernet subsystem is working.

To determine the Ethernet hardware address:

1
|

Check to be sure the system is in console mode. If the console
prompt (>>>) does not appear on the screen, press the halt

button on the rear of the system unit. Use a pen or other
pointed object to press the halt button.
2

At the console prompt, enter SHOW ETHERNET and press

[Refurn].
The Ethernet hardware address appears in the following
format:
ID

XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX

For example:
ID

08-00-2B-07-A7-80

Write your Ethernet hardware address here:
Ethernet

hardware

address

Note The letters ID are not part of the address.

2-18

Installing System Hardware

Your server manager will use your Ethernet hardware address
to set up a network connecting your system to the server.
To verify the Ethernet subsystem:

Enter TEST 50 at the console prompt and press [Return].
If the last line of information in the display is NI 0000.0001,
then the Ethernet subsystem is working. If the last line
of information is not NI 0000.0001, then tell your server
manager.

Turning Your System Off
Note After your system manager installs software, do not turn your
system off without talking to your system manager.

Now that your equipment is installed, you need to turn your
system off (0) so that your system manager can install DesktopVMS software. Turn your equipment off in the following order:
1

Expansion boxes

Printer, modem, or other equipment

System unit and monitor

Tell your system manager that your VAXstation 3100 is now ready
to connect to the server.

Installing System Hardware

2-19

Py,

—

DRSO

——

Pr————

———

—

Getting Started with DECwindows

Desktop-VMS software includes DECwindows, a software

workstation’s graphic capabilities. DECwindows lets you divide

perform tasks by selecting text and objects on your screen with

interface that takes advantage of your VAXstation 3100

your workstation screen into windows and design a working
environment to suit your needs. You execute commands and
the mouse instead of typing long command lines.

e
|
s

DECwindows displays application programs in windows. You

can use these windows to run applications simultaneously on a
single screen and switch between them. You can run a program
in one window, read a mail message in a second window, and
compose a memo in a third. And because DECwindows provides
an environment in which all applications look and respond in a
similar fashion, you can use the same handful of techniques to
interact with each application.
Although you can use DECwindows successfully on a standalone

VAXstation 3100, DECwindows opens the door to additional

computing opportunities if your VAXstation 3100 is linked to
others in a network. With DECwindows, you can run applications

on remote processors for display in windows on your VAXstation
3100 monitor. This means that you can run an application that
demands a large amount of computing power on a processor

best suited for that task and display it in one window while you

applications running on multiple processors, DECwindows cleanly

display a file located on your local VAXstation 3100 disk and edit
it in another window. Although your session might have multiple
integrates these application windows on your VAXstation 3100

—

monitor, and you can continue to move freely between them.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-1

The exercises in this chapter will give you hands-on experience
using DECwindows. You will learn how to:

Start a DECwindows session
Run and use applications

Manage windows, including moving windows, shrinking
a window to an icon, expanding an icon to a window, and
changing the size of a window

Put a session on hold
End a session

When you complete the exercises, you will be familiar with most
of the techniques you need to use DECwindows successfully.

What Are Windows?
|

You can think of your workstation screen as a desktop with sheets
of paper lying on it. You can move the sheets of paper around and
you can arrange sheets of paper above or below other sheets.

With DECwindows, these sheets of paper where you do your work

are called windows. A window is an area on your workstation
screen that represents all or part of an application. For example,

one window you can open represents the Notepad editor. In this
window, you can create new files or edit existing ones. Other
applications include Mail, which allows you to send and receive
electronic mail, and DECterm, which looks and functions like a

VT340 terminal.

Working with the Mouse
Traditional computing requires you to interact with your screen

by typing text and pressing keyboard keys. The mouse—the
hand-held pointing device attached to your workstation—makes

using DECwindows as easy as pointing to an object on your screen
and clicking a button. You use the mouse to choose commands

from a menu, to expand and shrink windows, and to rearrange
windows on your screen.

3-2

Getting Started with DECwindows

The mouse has three buttons. Unless you specify otherwise, MB1
(for “mouse button 1”) is on the left, MB2 is in the middle, and
MBS3 is on the right. Most often, you use MB1 to interact with
applications. This button arrangement naturally suits righthanded users; if you are left-handed, you can easily rearrange this
configuration. See Chapter 9 for information about customizing
the mouse buttons.

ZK-0250A-GE

When you work with the mouse, make sure that the cable
connecting it to the workstation is pointing away from you. Place
the mouse on a smooth surface. As you move the mouse, watch
your screen to see how moving the mouse moves the pointer on
the screen in exactly the same way. If you are using the mouse
and run out of room on your desk, just lift the mouse and put
it down where you have more room. The pointer does not move
when you lift the mouse.

Usually the pointer is shaped like an arrow, but it can take on a
different shape to reflect the state of an application. For example,
it becomes a resize cursor shaped like a box when you change
the size of a window and a wristwatch when your system is
performing a task that needs a little more time to complete.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-3

Starting a Session
If the system startup procedure has been successful, your screen
looks like this:
R

Start Session

Username [I
Password |’
Clear

The Start Session dialog box is the gate through which you

become authorized to use your workstation. DECwindows displays
a dialog box whenever it needs information from you.
Note Most workstations provide a screen timeout feature. After a period
of inactivity, the screen goes blank. Any activity, such as moving
the mouse or pressing a key, restores the screen image.

[rr—

The Start Session dialog box prompts you for your user name

and password. Your system manager created an account for you,
which you can now use to start a session. Your account consists of
a user name (usually, your last name) and a password. Your user
name is unique and identifies you to the system. In many cases,

a user name 1s your first or last name. Your password is for your
protection. Keep it secret so that other users cannot access your

account. If you do not know the user name and password for your
account, ask your system manager.

Type your user name and password in the text entry fields. A
text insertion cursor is visible in each field. The text cursor

—

in the Username field blinks to indicate this field has input

focus. When a text field or window has input focus, you see your
keystrokes echoed there. The text cursor in the Password field is

dimmed, indicating that this field is currently disabled and that
you cannot enter text in it.
T

3-4 Getting Started with DECwindows

To start a session:
1

Enter your user name.

2 Select the Password field by pointing to the Password field
and clicking MB1.

You point to an object by placing the pointer on the object.
You click on an object by pressing and quickly releasing MB1.
You can also move to the Password field by simply pressing
or [Return]. The text cursor in the Password field blinks to
indicate this field now has input focus.

Enter your password.

To preserve the secrecy of your password, the letters you type
are not displayed on the screen.

Click on the OK button or press |[Return].

Clicking on buttons in dialog boxes lets you tell DECwindows
what to do with the information you supplied. In the Start
Session dialog box, clicking on the OK button sends your user
name and password to the system.

The double outline around the OK button in the Start Session
dialog box indicates it is the default option. Default options are
those you will choose most frequently. DECwindows provides a
shortcut to choose default options: whenever you see a button
with a double outline, pressing the Return key achieves the same
results as clicking on that button.

If you make a typing mistake in the Username field before you
click on the OK button, press the delete key (<x]) to erase the
character to the left of the text cursor. To insert a character in the
middle of text you already typed, point where you want the text
inserted and click MB1. Or use the right and left arrow keys to
move the text cursor right or left. The new characters you type
push existing ones to the right.

If you make a typing mistake in the Password field before you
click on the OK button, click on the Clear button. This erases all
text in both the Username and Password fields so you can retype

your information correctly.

If you provide incorrect information or make a typing mistake and
do not correct it, DECwindows does not let you start a session.
Instead, it displays a Problem Report dialog box as a warning that
you made a mistake.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-6

Click on the Acknowledged button in the Problem Report dialog
box or press the Return key to try again.

Problem Report
User authorization failure

If your user information is correct, your session begins. Your
screen looks like this:
O

e Push-to-Back Button

3=y

| Icon Box

~ Resize Button

[[2 JoNES onHuBBUB | [ sUSERS {JONES]|
A

Title Bar

phrink-to
con

Button

Session

Menu Bar

Create

Last|

Last

Starting

Customize Print Screen

Control

Customize

Views

Files

Utilities

Applications

Status

File Filter: |

——

Directmy mussns[JONES]!
Selected: 0
Total Files: 17

[.MAIL]
[ . SCHEDULES
]
[.STAFF]

1992_ISSUES.PS
BRUSSELS CONTACTS.LIS
CURRENCY . TXT
DIRECTIONS .TXT
EMBARGOES
. TXT

Work

> Areg

FORECAST1 .DDIF

FORECAST2
. DDIF
FORECAST3.DDIF
IMPORT TARIFFS.PS
S

MYCALENDAR.DWC
PRODUCTION.DIS

PRODUCTION PROCEDURES.TMP

ROME CONTACTS.LIS

SALES PLAN.PS

TRADE BARRIERS .TXT

ZK-0647A-GE

The title bar tells you the name of the application and
contains window management buttons you can use to
rearrange your screen display. Most windows have a title bar.

The menu bar contains the names of menus you can choose

from to work with the application. Most windows have a
menu bar.

The work area is the area in a wmdow where you interact
with the application.

Icons, which represent currently running applications or

objects, appear in the Icon Box. If you want to keep an
application readily available but do not have room for it on the
screen, you can shrink that application to an icon. Once you

start an application, its icon appears in the Icon Box. When
the application is running in a window, the icon is dimmed.

ARG

3-6

Getting Started with DECwindows

The icon appears bold when the application is stored in the
Icon Box.
The shrink-to-icon button lets you shrink a window to an
icon and store it in the Icon Box.
The push-to-back button lets you move a window to the
bottom of a stack of overlapping windows, or move a window
to the opposite location in the stack. See Chapter 4 for more
information about using the push-to-back button.
The resize button lets you change the size of a window.
The Session Manager helps control the look and feel of
your DECwindows session and is available until you end your
session. Use it to adjust your workstation settings, such as
keyboard features and pointer shape. The Session Manager
also displays system messages, including error messages and
status messages.

FileView is a graphic interface to the VMS operating system.
FileView provides commands for you to work with your files
and directories and to manage your system. You can also
use FileView to run DECwindows applications and to access
the VMS operating system through the Digital Command
Language (DCL).

Running Applications
To use a DECwindows application, you must start it from the
FileView window. In the following exercises, you will use the Mail
application to learn how to:
Choose an item from a menu
Move a window
Shrink a window to an icon
Copy text from one location to another

Change the size of a window

Scroll through text

Exit from an application

Getting Started with DECwindows

3~7

Choosing fromm a Menu
To run Mail, you first pull down a menu in the FileView window.

You tell your system what you want to do or what you want to
work with by choosing items from menus.
First, just look at FileView’s menus:
1

Point to FileView’s Applications menu name.

Press and hold MB1.

This highlights the menu name and pulls down a menu.

Point to the other menus on FileView’s menu bar and press
and hold MB1.
The other pull-down menus are displayed.
"

Release MBI1.

You display every menu on a menu bar in exactly this way.
Now choose a menu item:
1

Point to FileView’s Applications menu.
T

Press and hold MB1.

While holding MB1, move the pointer down through the menu.
This technique is called dragging. A box surrounds each
menu item in turn as you drag through the menu. As long as

you hold MB1, you can move up and down through the menu.

If you move the pointer outside the menu and release MBI,
the menu disappears and nothing happens.
4

Drag the pointer to the Mail menu item.

B/ FileView
- $USERS:[JONES]

Control

Customize

Views

Files

Utilities

JIVSWILEIIGER

Bookreader

Help

Calculator
Calendar
Cardfiler

Clock

DDIF Viewer

| Mail
Notepad
Paint
ZK-0790A-GE

3-8

Getting Started with DECwindows

—

Release MBI.

FileView displays a Work in Progress dialog box to let you know
that Mail is starting. This dialog box lists the applications
currently running and the commands currently executing. The
Work in Progress dialog box closes and Mail’s main window soon
opens.

_File Edit Pick Create-Send Read

£ MAIL

£ INBOX
B4
B9
B9
B9
B4

1
2
3
4
5

Help

MaintenanceCustomize

- 5 messages
8-APR-1990 MIASMA::SMITH
27-APR-1990 SOIREE::JONES
4-MAY-1990 DARCY::BROWN
16-MAY-1990 UDO: :WHITE
18-MAY-1990 BRONTE: :BLACK

Team Meeting, 1:00
lunch invitation
RE: review schedule
poetry reading
dog class canceled

£ WASTEBASKET

| oetiver s || Fisact New 1ai|| Create-Send || repiy|| Forwara || prim]| sovs || Detete
ZK-0580A-GE

Mail’s main window lists your mail drawers, folders, and messages
in a hierarchical fashion. Drawers hold folders and folders store
messages. You probably have a drawer called MAIL, two folders
called INBOX and WASTEBASKET, and some messages.

Moving a Window
You can rearrange the windows on your screen in any way you

want. If one window completely obscures another, you might
want to arrange them so that a portion of each window is visible.
For example, you can move the Mail window so that some of the
FileView window is visible. You move a window by its title bar.
Title Bar—-—-—-—-—-\\

S| Mail:Read-1[D ] MAIL INBOX #2
ZK-0579A-GE

Point to the Mail window’s title bar (anywhere but on a
button).

Press and hold MBI1.

An outline of the window appears. Move the mouse around
and watch how the outline moves accordingly.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-9

Drag the outline a couple of inches to the right and then down.
[

File

Edit

Pick

Create-Send

B MAIL

€1 INBOX

- 5 messages

r
B,

8-APR-1990 NABCB: :BUETLER

B2
B4
B

2
3
4

27-APR-1990 OZ::NOLAN
4-MAY-1990 DARCY: :MORRIS
16-MAY-1990 UDO: :SWINBURNE

]

18-MAY-1990 BRONTE: :VIVALDI

unc

RE®
poetrir

iew schedule
reading

- dog clasd

cancelled
S

.......................

(3 WASTEBASKET !

| Besiver Mait || iesd new miai || Create-Send || stepiy|| sarwara || prine || move || petete
SO

oSG

ZK-0505A-GE

Release MBI.
The Mail window is moved to its new location. Notice also
that the Mail window’s title bar is highlighted to indicate that
this window has input focus.

[

——

Depending on how far down you dragged the main Mail window,
the FileView window is now partially or fully exposed.

Shrinking a Window to an Icon

You are finished with FileView for now, but you do not have to
close the application to remove it from your screen. By shrinking
FileView to an icon, you free up space on your screen. As an icon,
FileView continues to run in memory if you want to use it again.
To shrink FileView to an icon, click MB1 on its shrink-to-icon

button.
Shrink-tolcon Button

'8 FileView - SUSERS:[JONES]

EHR
ZK-0648A-GE

3-10

Getting Started with DECwindows

The FileView window closes and its icon in the Icon Box appears
bold.

Entering Text
Try creating a mail message. Point to the Create-Send button
along the bottom of Mail’s main window and click MB1. Mail
opens the Create-Send window, where you compose your message.
TM4 Mail:Create

From:

JONES|

To:

:|
Subject

Quit

Reset

|| SaveAs||

send
ZK-0236A-GE

You entered text in text fields when you typed your user name
and password at the start of your session. In the Create-Send
window’s text fields, you enter the name of the user receiving the
message and some optional information.

While you can always move between text fields by pointing and
clicking with the mouse, there’s a shortcut available. In dialog
boxes and applications, it’s faster to press the Tab key to move to
the next text field and the Shift and Tab keys simultaneously to
move to the previous text fields.

Try sending a message to yourself. To create your message:

Enter your user name in the To text field.

Press

twice to move to the Subject field and type A

FRIENDLY REMINDER.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-11

Press

to move to the message area underneath the Subject
field and type your message.

—

Make your message a grocery list that contains at least six of

your favorite foods. Type one item on each line; press [Return]

at the end of each line, including the last line. (You will see
why later.) To delete any mistakes, use the delete key (<xJ).

—

Copying Text
Mail, like many of the applications included with your DesktopVMS software, lets you copy text from one location to another.

This saves you from retyping a large piece of text or a long file

name. You can copy text in the same window, between windows of

the same application (for example, between Mail’s main window
and the Create-Send window), or between applications.

First, you must let your system know which text you want to
copy by selecting it. Try selecting the text in your list in the
Create-Send window:

Point to the first character in your list.

Press and hold MB1.

—

Drag the pointer through the list.
As you drag the pointer, the selected text is highlighted.

‘=

Mail:.Create
File

Edit

Change

From:

JUNESI

To:

| Jones!

cc:

i'.j} "fl
Help

Editor

Subject:lh Friendly Ramindmé
Don’t

——
O

forget to pick up these items at the market:

| Milk
|| Rye bread

Paper towels

| Peanut butter

“

Soap
Broccoli

.
_

|lArtichoke hearts

|
1|

Quit

Reset

Save As

Send
ZK-0235A-GE

3-12

Getting Started with DECwindows

Release MBI1.

Now make the grocery list twice its original length by adding the
selected text to the bottom of the list:

Point to the bottom of the list and click MB3.
The text is copied to the bottom of the list. The original text
remains selected so you can copy it elsewhere.

TM| Mail:Create

File

Edit

Change

From:

JONESI

To:

W Joms'zg

cc:

Editor

Help

Subject: flA Friendly Rmm.nder‘
Don’t forget to pick

up these items at the market:

Rye bread
Peanut butter
| Paper towels

Quit

Reset

Save As |
ZK-0237A-GE

Cancel the original selection by pointing to the selected text
and clicking MB1.

When you are ready to send the message, click on the Send button
in the Create-Send window. Mail displays a Send in Progress
dialog box to notify you that your message is being sent. Once the
message is sent, click on the OK button to dismiss the Send in
Progress dialog box.

Now you can close the Create-Send window. Click on the Quit
button in the Create-Send window.

Click on the Read New Mail button in Mail’s main window. Mail

displays your new message in a Read window.

Getting Started with DECwindows 3-13

PR,

Changing the Size of a Window
Sometimes you want to make the window you are working in very
large. Other times, you might want several small windows, such
as when several applications are running simultaneously. You

change the size of windows by using the resize button.

——

[—

P9 Mail:Read-1[D] MAIL INBOX #2

Resize

Button

ZK-0563A-GE

Try making Mail’'s Read window smaller so you can see more of
the other windows on your screen:
|
1

Point to the Read window’s resize button.

Press and hold MB1.

ARG

The pointer changes into a resize cursor.

Drag the resize cursor outside the bottom window border and
~then back toward the top border.
The outline stretches and shrinks depending on where you

[

—

move the cursor and stops shrinking when the window is as

small as it can get.

Drag the cursor until the window is half its original height.

.........

Mail:Read-1[D] MAIL INBOX #12

File

Edit

Create-Send

Read

Date:

19-APR-1990 16:20:34.03

From:

HUBBIUB: ; JONES

To:

JONES

Don’'t forget to pick up these items at the market:

Milk

Subject:

Rye bread
Peanut butter
Paper towels

:
.

0000000000000 "
‘

Soap
Broccoli
Artichoke hearts

Rye bread

Peanut butter

Close " Reply M Forward II Print H Move II Delete " Previous H Next l
ZK-0573A-GE

Release MBI1.
The Read window is redrawn in the new size.
R

3-14

Getting Started with DECwindows

Scrolling Through Text
If a document or message is too long to fit in one screen, scroll
bars allow you to see text or graphics that cannot fit. If you made
the Read window small enough, a scroll bar is visible on the right
side of the Read window. Use this scroll bar to scroll through your
mail message.

M3 Mail:Read-1[D] MAIL INBO

X #12

Date:

19-APR~1990 16:20:34.03

From:

HUBBUB: : JONES

To:

JONES

Stepping

Don’t forget to pick up these items at the market:

Rye bread

Peanut butter
Paper towels

Arrow

1 Stider

‘

Scroll

> Region

Scap

Qr—

Broccoli
Artichoke hearts
Milk
Rye bread
Peanut butter

Close | Reply | Forward | Print || Move ] Delete H Previous || #dext |

‘

| — Stepping
Arrow
ZK-0549A-GE

To scroll the text in the Read window up one line at a time:
1

Point to the down stepping arrow at the bottom of the scroll

bar in the Read window’s message area.
2

Click MB1.

Continue clicking MB1 to scroll the text up one line at a time.

Similarly, click MB1 on the up stepping arrow to scroll the text

down one line at a time. To scroll continuously, press and hold
MBI1 on the stepping arrow.
The position of the slider—the thicker box that obscures some
of the long, thin scroll region—indicates your position in the
message. If the slider is at the top of the scroll region, you are at
the beginning of the message. If the slider is at the bottom of the
scroll region, you are at the end of the message.
You can tell how much more text remains to be displayed by
looking at the size of the slider. For example, a small slider
indicates that much of your message remains undisplayed. A
large slider that completely fills the scroll bar indicates the entire
message is currently displayed.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3~15

Try dragging the slider to the top and bottom on the scroll region
to display different parts of your message:

Point to the slider in the Read window’s message area.

Press and hold MB1.

Drag the slider to the top or bottom of the scroll region.
Release MB1.

Exiting from an Application
When you exit from or quit an application, you remove it from

memory. To work with it again, you need to choose the application

from FileView’s Applications menu.
When you are ready to exit from the Mail application:
]

Point to the File menu on the Mail window’s menu bar.

Press and hold MB1.

Drag the pointer to the Exit menu item.

Release MB1.

P—

The Mail window closes and the Mail icon is removed from the
Icon Box. To start Mail again, choose the Mail menu item from
FileView’s Applications menu.

Putting a Session on Hold
Session

| Pause
Quit

At any time, you can put your current session on hold indefinitely
and lock your workstation without ending your session. When
you put your session on hold, your screen is cleared but your

applications continue to run. To continue your session, you must
enter your password in the text field provided. Your session

is maintained exactly as it was. This means you can resume
working without having to recreate your screen environment.
To put your current session on hold:
1

If the Session Manager is stored as an icon, click on its icon.
Point to the Session menu on the Session Manager’s menu

bar.
Press and hold MBI1.
e

—

Drag the pointer to the Pause menu item.

Release MB1.
SO

3-16

Getting Started with DECwindows

Your screen is cleared and the Continue Session dialog box is
displayed.

Type your password to resume the session.

Password

p—

ZK-0249A-GE

To continue your session:

Enter your password.

Click on the OK button or press [Refurn].

Once the system verifies your password, your session resumes.

_—

probably made a typing mistake. Click on the Clear button and

If the Continue Session dialog box remains on your screen, you

type your password again.

Ending a Session
fif,

Session |
Pause

You can end a session at any time. When you end a session, your
system stops all applications and clears the screen.

To end your session:
1

Point to the Session menu on the Session Manager’s menu

bar.

Press and hold MB1.

Drag the pointer to the Quit menu item.

Release MBI.

Getting Started with DECwindows

3-17

Even though you chose the Quit menu item, you can still return to

your session. The Session Manager displays a dialog box asking

you to confirm that you indeed want to end your session.

Do you really want to quit the session?

ZK-0232A-GE
e

To return to your session, click on the No button. To end your
session, click on the Yes button. All windows are closed. Your
system displays the Digital logo and Start Session dialog box,

ready to begin another session.

You have learned most of the techniques you need to use

DECwindows successfully. If you want to review any of the
techniques you learned here, see Chapter 4.

3-18

Geftting Started with DECwindows

—

4
Using Deskiop-VMS Software

As déscribed in Chapter 3, Desktop-VMS software includes
a graphic interface that allows you to divide your screen
into windows and select objects on the screen with a mouse.
The windowing software that provides this interface is called
DECwindows. By using DECwindows, Desktop-VMS software
creates an environment in which all applications look and respond
in a similar fashion.

You work with most Desktop-VMS applications by using the same
handful of techniques. Whether you are already familiar with
other windowing software or just want a refresher on how to use
a specific feature, use this chapter to learn new skills or brush up
on old ones.

Using the Mouse
You can do all your work with Desktop-VMS software by
mastering the following mouse techniques:
s

To point: Using the mouse, move the pointer to where you
want the next action to occur.

s To click: Quickly press and release MB1. You should hear
and feel a faint click.

To press: Point to the menu name, scroll bar stepping arrow,
or wherever you want the action to occur. Without moving the
mouse, press and hold MB1 or MB2. If you are pointing at a
menu name, pressing MB1 pulls down a menu and keeps it
down until you release MB1.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-1

To drag: Press and hold MB1, move the pointer, and release
MB1. For example, you drag a window outline to move it to
another place on your screen. To cancel a drag in progress,
click MB3 before releasing MB1. If you are displaying a
pull-down menu, cancel the drag operation by moving the
pointer outside the menu.

To double click: Point to the object and click MB1 twice in
quick succession.

To shift click: Point to the object. Press and hold the Shift

key and click MB1. Release the Shift key.

Even if you cannot use your mouse temporarily, you can still
use your Desktop-VMS software. By simultaneously pressing
Ctrl/F3, you enable the keyboard method that uses certain keys
to replace mouse input. When you press the Ctrl/F3 keys, the
Wait light along the top of your keyboard lights. This is your cue
that keyboard mode is in effect. When you no longer need to use
the system from your keyboard, press Ctrl/F3 again to disable
keyboard mode.

When keyboard mode is in effect, you can use the keys described
in the following table to move the pointer and select objects.
To perform this mouse

action

Press

Move the pointer

The arrow keys. Pressing the arrow keys

moves the pointer left, right, up, or down.
Press and hold an arrow key to make the
pointer move continuously. The longer you
hold an arrow key, the faster the pointer
moves.

Press and hold MB1

Press and hold MB2

Find key. For example, pressing the Find

key displays a menu or submenu or marks
text for selection. To perform the equivalent
of releasing MB1, for example, to dismiss a
pull-down menu, press the Find key again.

Insert Here key. For example, pressing the

Insert Here key displays a pop-up menu if one
is associated with a particular object on the

—

screen.

Press and hold MB3

Click MB1

Remove key.

Select key. For example, pressing the Select

key allows you to “click on” a push button or
select a tool in Paint.

4-2

Using Desktop-VMS Software

To perform this mouse
action

Press

Click MB2

Prev Screen key. For example, pressing
the Prev Screen key allows you to cancel a
window dragging operation in progress.

Click MB3

Next Screen key. Pressing the Next Screen
key pastes selected text in a new location.

For example, to display a pull-down menu without using the
mouse:

Make sure the Wait light is on.

Use the arrow keys to move the pointer to the menu you want
to display.

Press

to pull down the menu.

Press the down arrow key to drag the pointer through the
menu.

Release the down arrow key when a box surrounds the menu
item you want to choose.
5

Press

to dismiss the menu.

Desktop-VMS software performs the task associated with the

menu item you chose.

Selecting Windows
When you have several windows open at once, you give one
window input focus by selecting it. When a window has input
focus, your typing and mouse activity are directed to that window.
To select a window:
1

Point to a location in the window or title bar, anywhere except

on a button. (In the FileView window, point to the title bar.)

Click MBL1.

The window’s title bar becomes highlighted to indicate it has input

focus. Any keystrokes you type will appear in this window. The
title bar is no longer highlighted when another window has input

focus.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-3

Window with Input Focus

B FileView - SUSERS : [JONES]
Window Without Input Focus

=3 FileView — $USERS: [JONES]
ZK-0649A-GE

SRS

Occasionally, a dialog box lacks a window management button,
usually the resize or shrink-to-icon button. The window will not

take input focus if you click MB1 in the space that these buttons
usually occupy. To select a window missing one of these window
management buttons, point to another location in the window and

click MB1 again.

Choosing Items from Pull-Down Menus
_Edit B

Some pull-down menus contain commands. Others contain the

Cut

names of items you can work with. You tell your system what you

Copy

want to do or what you want to work with by choosing commands

Paste

or items from pull-down menus. Any menu item followed by three

Clear

periods ( ... ) is your cue that a dialog box will be displayed if

Select All

you choose that menu item.

To choose an item from a pull-down menu:
1

On the menu bar, point to the name of the menu you want to
display.

Press and hold MBI1.
This highlights the menu name and pulls down a menu.

While holding MB1, drag the pointer to the menu item you
want.

Release MBI.

If you change your mind while looking at a pull-down menu,

drag the pointer outside the menu and release MB1. The menu
disappears and no action is taken.

Some applications, for example, Mail, use push buttons to
duplicate frequently used commands that are also available as
menu items. To execute these commands quickly, click MB1 on

the push button.

——————

4-4

Using Desktop-VMS Software

Choosing Items from Submenus
A menu item with a submenu icon—an arrow pointing to the
right—indicates that a corresponding submenu is available. If
you choose that menu item, you need to refine your choice by
displaying its submenu and choosing a menu item from that
submenu.

Times
Helvetica

ZK-0529A-GE
To display a submenu and choose a menu item from it:
1

Pull down the primary menu by pressing and holding MB1
and dragging to the menu item you want.

Drag the pointer onto the submenu icon.
A submenu is displayed to the right of the menu.

Drag the pointer to the item you want to choose from the
submenu.

Release MBI1.

Choosing Items from Pop-Up Menus
Desktop-VMS software provides pop-up menus to make it easier
for you to work with files and applications. Pop-up menus give

you quick and direct access to functions within apphcatmns by
reducing your use of the mouse.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-5

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To display a pop-up menu:

Press and hold MB2 on the work area—directly beneath the
menu bar—where you interact with the application.
In the FileView window, press and hold MB2 on the file type
whose corresponding pop-up menu you want to display.

Drag the pointer to the menu item you want.

Release MB2.

If you change your mind while looking at a pop-up menu, drag the

pointer outside the menu and release MB2. The menu disappears

_—

and no action is taken.

Choosing ltems from Option Menus
An option menu is a pop-up menu that appears in a dialog
box. An option menu allows you to choose one option from a list
of options displayed in a pop-up menu. For example, the Print
dialog box available in many applications allows you to specify the
page orientation. The current option—here labeled Default—is
displayed. To see the other print options from which you can
choose, you display the option menu.

4-6

Using Desktop-VMS Software

Orientation| Default ] :>

Orientation

Portrait

Landscape
"/
ZK-0562A-GE

To display an option menu:

Press and hold MB1 on the current option.

Drag the pointer to the menu item you want.

Release MB1.

The option menu disappears. The option you chose is now the
current option.

If you decide not to change the original option, drag the pointer
outside the menu and release MB1. The menu disappears and no
changes occur.

Supplying Information in Dialog Boxes
Desktop-VMS software displays a dialog box whenever it needs
additional information from you to carry out a task. Sometimes
you need to type text; other times, you need only click MB1 on a
button to change a setting. Some dialog boxes display settings you
chose earlier.
Toggle

Button

Customize Session Manager

Startup State\
Window

Ston _Il_~®QO lcon

Creat

Create FileView Window ]
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[ Confirm Quit Session
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Header Text

ZK-0550A-GE

Dialog boxes contain various ways for you to supply information
to an application:

By typing text in a text entry field. The blinking text cursor
shows you where the text you type will appear. What you type

appears to the left of the text cursor. Use the delete key (<x])
to correct typing mistakes.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-7

By clicking on option buttons or square toggle buttons.
Option buttons let you select one option from a group. Toggle
buttons let you turn a setting on or off.

By dragging the slider in a scale. Dialog boxes often contain
a scale and slider when you need to supply a numeric value.

The arrow in the slider points to the current value.
s

By selecting choices, for example, file names, from a list box.

The list box may contain scroll bars if the available choices do

not fit in the list box.
s

By clicking on rectangular push buttons. Push buttons, such

BSOS

as OK, Cancel, or Filter, let you tell your system what to do
with the information you supplied in the dialog box.

A double outline around a push button indicates it is the

default option. Default options are those you will choose

most frequently. Usually, the OK button is the default option
in a dialog box. Whenever you see a button with a bold border,
pressing the Return key achieves the same result as clickin
on that button.

‘

Moving in a Dialog Box
How you move in a dialog box depends on the object you want to

work with. The following table describes the ways in which you

can move in a dialog box:
To

Do this

Move forward between text fields

Press the Tab key, or point to the field to which you want
to move and click MB1.

Move backward between text fields

Press the Shift/Tab keys, or point to the field to which you
want to move and click MB1.

Move the text cursor within a text

Point where you want the text inserted and click MB1, or
use the right and left arrow keys to move the text cursor
right or left. New characters push existing ones to the
right.

field

Change the numeric value on a
scale

Drag the slider on the scale right or left, or point to
another location on the scale and click MB1.

Change an option or toggle button
setting

Point to the option or toggle button and click MB1.

4-8

Using Desktop-VMS Software

Making Selections from List Boxes
List boxes appear in dialog boxes and contain many kinds of
items from which you can choose. Many applications display a
list box when you open or save a file. To select an item from a
list box, point to the item and click MB1. The item you selected
is highlighted. If the list box contains files, the file name is
highlighted to indicate it is selected. Click on OK to see the file.
File Filter

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In list boxes that contain file names, Desktop-VMS software
provides a shortcut for you to open files. Double clicking on a file
name
in a list box produces the same results as selecting that file
name and clicking on OK.

Running Applications
The applications described in the VMS DECwindows Desktop
Applications Guide are menu items on FileView’s Applications
menu. To run these applications, choose them as you would any
other menu item. You can also run these applications from a
DECterm window.
|
See VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide, which is
available online, for more information about running applications
from a DECterm window. To learn how to read books online, see
Chapter 8.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-9

Scrolling
O

Some application windows display scroll bars, which you use to

—

view the text that does not fit in the window. Some windows have

both horizontal and vertical scroll bars.
A scroll bar consists of stepping arrows at either end of the long,
D

thin box called the scroll region. If the slider—the thicker box

that obscures some of the scroll region—is at the top of the scroll

_SZ,

region, the beginning of the file or list is visible. If the slider is at
the bottom of the scroll region, the end of the file or list is visible.
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In addition, the size of the slider is relative to the total amount of
text in the document and indicates how much more text remains
to be displayed. For example, a small slider indicates that much
text remains to be displayed. A large slider that completely fills

the scroll bar indicates that all the text is currently displayed.

The following table describes how to use scroll bars.
To scroll
One line at a time

Do this
Click MB1 on the stepping arrows at either end of
the scroll bar.

Forward one window of text at a time

Point to the scroll region beneath the slider and click

MBI1.

4-10

Using Desktop-VMS Software

To scroll

Do this

Back one ~«s.évixju:lo;w@ of text at a time

Point to the scroll region above the slider and click

Continuously through the list or file one

Press and hold MB1 on the stepping arrows at either

line at a time

end of the scroll bar.

Continuously through the list or file one

Press and hold MB1 in the scroll region.

To another location in the list or file

Drag the slider to a position in the scroll region that
corresponds to the general location you want to see.
If the slider is at the top of the scroll region, you
are viewing the beginning of the list or file. If the
slider is in the middle of the scroll region, you are
viewing the middle of the list or file. Cancel the drag
operation by clicking another mouse button before

MB1.

window of text at a time

releasing MB1.

Moving Windows
You use the title bar to move the windows on your screen. If one
window partially obscures another, you might want to arrange
them so that each is completely visible.
Title Bar-——-———--\

M5l Mail:Read-1

MAIL INBOX #2
ZK-0579A~GE

To move a window:

1
2

Point to the window’s title bar (anywhere but on a button).
Press and hold MB1.
An outline of the window appears.

Drag the pointer to the new location.
Release MB1.

If the window was partially obscured by other windows, it
pops to the top of the stack of windows and is given input
focus.

To cancel a window moving operation in progress, click another
mouse button before releasing MB1. The outline disappears, and
the window is not moved.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-11

Occasionally, a title bar (usually in a dialog box) is missing a
window management button, usually the resize or shrink-to-icon

button. If you point to the space that these buttons usually occupy
and try to drag the window, the window does not move. To drag a
window missing one of these window management buttons, point

to another location in the title bar and try again.

Changmg the Size of Windows
Sometimes you want to make the window you are workingin
very large. Other times, you might want several small windows,
especially if you have several applications running simultaneously.

You can change the size of your windows to suit your needs by
using the resize button.

Ef‘i! Mail:Read-1[D] MAIL iNBX #2

‘

Resize

Button

ZK-0563A-GE

To change the size of a window:
1

Point to the window’s resize button.

Press and hold MB1.
The pointer changes into a small resize cursor.

p—

Drag the resize cursor to the size you want.
To make the window larger, drag the resize cursor beyond the
window border. To make the window smaller, drag the resize

_—

cursor beyond the window border and then back in.

Release MBI1.

You can change the size of a window in one dimension (height
or width) or in both dimensions simultaneously. To change the

-—

size in one dimension, drag the resize cursor across one border

of the window. As long as you cross only one border, the outline
that follows the resize cursor changes in only one dimension. If

after crossing one border you cross an adjacent border, you see an
outline that can change in both dimensions.

If you drag the resize cursor through one border and then through

the opposite border, the first border you crossed reverts to its
original location, and the other border becomes an outline that

follows the resize cursor.
To cancel a window resizing operation in progress, click another

mouse button before releasing MB1. The outline disappears, and

the window retains its original size.

4-12

Using Desktop-VMS Software

—

Shrinking Windows
—

—

When you start an application, its icon appears in the Icon Box.

You shrink a window to an icon if you want to free up space on
your screen to run other applications, but do not want to exit from
the application. The application continues to run in memory and
remains easily accessible but does not take up any room on your
screen. Processes continue to execute while the application is
stored as an icon.

—

Shrink-to-

lcon Button

. $USERS:[JONES]
ZK-0648A-GE

To shrink a window to an icon:

Point to the window’s shrink-to-icon button.

Click MB1.
The window closes and its icon in the Icon Box appears bold.

You cannot shrink the Icon Box to an icon.
When the application is running in a window, its icon is dimmed.
P

The icon appears bold when the application is stored in the Icon

kol

Box. You can make the icons large or small. See Chapter 9 for
more information about changing the size of your icons.
If the Icon Box contains more icons than can be displayed at once,

scroll bars appear. Use the scroll bars to display the contents of
the Icon Box.
As you stop and start many applications, your Icon Box develops
gaps where icons used to be. You can rearrange the icons in the
—

Icon Box in two ways:

By moving the icons. To move an icon, point to it, press and

hold MB1, and drag it to a new location.
s
—

By clicking on the Icon Box’s shrink-to-icon button. In all
applications, clicking on this button shrinks the window to
an icon. Clicking on this button in the Icon Box, however,
eliminates the gaps where icons for applications no longer

running used to be.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-13

Expanding Icons to Windows
When you expand an application’s icon, you open a window for
that application. If you have more than one window open and
expand an icon to a window, that new window is placed on top of
the stack of overlapping windows. If the window has input focus,

it accepts text entry.

To expand an icon to a window:
1

Point to the icon in the Icon Box.

Click MB1.
PIEA.

Stacking Overlapping Windows
“

You do not have to move a window in order to see its entire
contents. When windows are overlapping, clicking on a window’s
push-to-back button pushes that window to the bottom of the
stack. The next window is then fully visible.
[Pa] Session Manager:JONES on HUBBUB

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Push«to-

Back Button
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ZK~-0564A-GE

To push the top window to the bottom of a stack of overlapping

windows:

Point to the top window’s push-to-back button.

Click MB1.

If you try this repeatedly with three or more windows, you see
that the windows cycle through the stacking order, moving up one
position in the stack each time a window is moved to the bottom
of the stack.

Making Stacked Windows Stick in Place
When you are working with stacked windows and select a window,
it moves to the top of the stack and is given input focus. You can,
however, prevent a partially obscured window from popping to the
top of the stack of windows when you select it. This means that
you can arrange the windows on your screen to display only what
you need to see and then secure them in place.

4-14

Using Desktop-VMS Software

For example, you might have DECterm, Notepad, Mail, and
FileView windows open. If you arrange the windows so that the
portion of each window you need to work with is visible, you do
not want the window to pop to the top of the stack whenever you
select it. For example, you probably need to see just the last few
lines in the DECterm window so you can enter commands.
To lock overlapping windows in the stacking order:
1

Point to a window’s push-to-back button.

Shift click on the button.

That window is pushed to the bottom of the stack.
The lower right-hand corner of the push-to-back button is filled to
indicate that the window is stuck in the stacking order. Although
the window will be given input focus when you select it, it will not
pop to the top of the stack.
You can still, however, push a window that you've fixed in the
stacking order to the bottom or bring it to the top of the stack
to see it unobscured. Clicking on a window’s filled push-to-back
button moves that window to the opposite position in the stack,
but does not give it input focus. Clicking on a filled push-to-back
button pushes an unobscured window to the bottom of the stack.
Clicking on a filled push-to-back button pops a partially or mostly
obscured window to the top of the stack.

Releasing Windows Locked in the Stacking Order
To release a window locked in the stacking order, shift click again
on its push-to-back button. If the window was on the bottom of
the stack, it pops to the top; if the window was on top, it is pushed
to the bottom. The window’s push-to-back button is no longer
filled.

Editing Text
Desktop-VMS software provides many ways to edit text that save
you from retyping long file names or large blocks of text. Most
applications, including Calendar, Cardfiler, EVE, FileView, Malil,
and Notepad, allow you to move or copy text:

s
s

From one place in a window to another.
From one window to another window. In Mail, for example,
you can copy text from one Create-Send window to another.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-15

s From one application to another application. For example, you
can move a picture from Paint into a Cardfiler card.

In addition, most applications provide an Edit menu that allows
you to cut, copy, and paste text and graphics. See the VMS
DECuwindows Desktop Applications Guide (available online)
for more information about using the Edit menu in specific
applications.

Finally, most applications define specific keys to let you perform
basic text editing operations. These keys let you move the cursor
and delete small amounts of text efficiently.

Selecting Text
Before you can copy or move text to other locations in a window or
between windows, you must select the text. You can copy text in
any increment, including a word, a line, or a paragraph at a time.
Text selection is progressive, meaning that the amount of text
selected increases with successive clicks of MB1. The following
table describes how to select text:

Do this

Position the cursor where you want the

Point to the location and click MB1.

Select a word

Point to the word and double click MB1. )

Select a line

Point to the line and triple click MB1.

selection to start

Select continuous text, from the original
selection point to the point where the

= Press and hold MB1 and drag the pointer through
the text.

button is released

Extend the current selection

Simultaneously press and hold the Shift key and

MB1 and drag the pointer through the additional
text.

Extend the current selection to where the
pointer is positioned

Press and hold the Shift key and click MB1.

In addition, some "applfcations provide a way for you to select

larger blocks of text at a time. For example, you can select a
paragraph of text in EVE by pointing to the paragraph and
clicking MB1 four times. You can select an entire Mail message or
the contents of a Notepad file by pointing to the text and clicking
MBI1 five times.

Only one piece of text can be selected at a time. By selecting text
in one application, you cancel any other text selection you may
have established in the same window or in another application.

4-16

Using Desktop-VMS Software

—

Copying Text
If you can type text in a window, you can select and copy text from

one place to another in the same window, between windows of the
same application (between Mail’'s main window and the CreateSend window, for example), or between different applications.
You can also copy text from a FileView window—including

FileView’s file list—into an application that supports text entry.

To copy text within a window, between windows in the same
application, or between applications:
1

Select the text you want to copy using the text selection
techniques described in the previous section.

Position the cursor where you want the text copied by pointing
and clicking MB1.

Click MB3.
The text is copied to the new location.

EVE uses other methods for copying text. See the VMS

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide for more information
about copying text in EVE.
The window from which you selected the text takes input focus.
Sometimes, however, you want to copy text from another window
to your current window without losing input focus in your current
window. QuickCopy solves this dilemma.
To use QuickCopy:
1

In the current window, position the cursor where you want the

text copied by pointing and clicking MB1.

In the other window, point to the text you want to copy.

Press and hold MB3.

Drag the pointer across the text you want to copy.
The text is underlined as you drag across it.

Release MB3.
The text is copied to the new location in your current window.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-17

Moving Text Between Windows
Desktop-VMS software also lets you work in one window, select

text from another, and move that text to the current window
without losing input focus in your current window. The text is

deleted from its original location.
To move text from one window to another:
1

In the current window, position the cursor where you want the

text pasted by pointing and clicking MB1.
Make sure the window has input focus.

In the other window, point to the text you want to move.
Press and hold both the

key and MB3.

Drag the pointer across the text you want to move.

The text is underlined as you drag across it.
5

Release the

key and MB3.

The text is moved to the new location and deleted from the
old.

EVE uses other methods for moving text.

See the VMS

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide for more information
about moving text in EVE.

Deleting Text with Pending Delete
When you mark text for pending delete, you can delete large

blocks of text with one keystroke instead of pressing the delete
key repeatedly. You mark text for pending delete by selecting it as

described in Selecting Text. The selected text is deleted when you
press any key. You can then type new text.

To cancel a pending delete selection (once you select the text but
before you press a key), point to the selected text and click MB1.

Text Editing Key Definitions
You can use the text editing techniques described in the following
table to move the cursor or delete text in any Desktop-VMS
application.

4-18

Using Desktop-VMS Software

Press

Move the text cursor one character to the

Right arrow key. In a text field with only one line,
the text cursor does not move beyond the end of
the line. In a text field with multiple lines, the text
cursor moves to the first position in the next line.

right

Move the text cursor one character to the
left

Left arrow key. In a field with only one line, the text
cursor does not move beyond the beginning of the
line. In a field with multiple lines, the text cursor
moves to the last position in the previous line.

Move the cursor to the next word

Shift/right arrow keys.

Move the cursor to the previous word

Shift/left arrow keys.

Move the cursor up one line in a text
field with multiple lines

Up arrow key.

Move the cursor down one line in a text

Down arrow key.

field with multiple lines

Move the cursor to the beginning of the
line

F12 key or Ctrl/H keys.

Move the cursor to the end of the line

Shift/F12 keys or Ctrl/E keys.

Move the cursor forward between text
fields

Tab key.

Move the cursor backward between text
fields

Shift/Tab keys.

Delete the characters to the left of the
cursor up to and including the beginning
of the word

F13 key or Ctrl/d keys. (In EVE, Ctrl/J deletes
the characters to the right of the cursor up to and
including the end of the word.)

Delete the characters to the right of the
cursor up to and including the end of the

Shift/F13 keys. Not enabled in EVE.

word

Delete the character to the left of the
cursor and move all text to the right of
the deleted character one space to the

Delete key (<XJ).

left

Delete the character after the cursor and
move all text to the right of the deleted
character one space to the left

Shift/delete keys. In overstrike mode, Shift/Delete
deletes the character under the block cursor. Not
enabled in EVE.

Delete all characters to the start of the

Ctrl/U keys.

line

Refresh the window

Ctrl/R keys.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-19

Composing Special Characters
With Desktop-VMS software, you can use compose sequences
to create special characters. A compose sequence is a series of
keystrokes that creates characters that do not exist as standard
keys on your keyboard. See the list of multinational character and
ISO Latin 1 compose sequences in the VMS DECwindows Desktop
Applications Guide, which is available online.

Depending on the keyboard type, you compose characters in either
of the following ways:

Using three-stroke sequences on a VI'200- or VI'300-series
keyboard.

Using two-stroke sequences on any VT200-series keyboard

except North American.

To compose a character using the list of compose sequences in
Appendix A in the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide:
1

Find the character you want to create in column 1.

To compose a three-stroke sequence, press and hold the
Compose key while you press the space bar, and then type the
two characters in column 2.
T

—

To compose a two-stroke sequence, type the two characters in
column 3. The desired character is displayed.
To cancel a compose sequence, press and hold the Compose key

while you press the space bar, or press the delete key (<xI), Tab
key, Return key, or Enter key.

See the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide, which is
available online, for information about composing characters in
DECterm.

Getting Help
You can get help in any Desktop-VMS application by using
the Help menu. Help provides brief information about screen
objects, concepts, or tasks you can perform in applications. Some
applications also let you get help on specific screen objects, for
example, scroll bars and menu items, by using the Help key and
MBI1.
RS

Help is designed to let you request general information on an
application and quickly narrow the focus of your inquiry. In Help,
you can

4-20

Using Desktop-VMS Software

Navigate quickly through help topics. Help keeps track of the
path you used to get to a particular topic, which makes it easy
for you to retrace your steps and follow a different path.
Search Help for a keyword or topic supplied by the application.
Save the help text in a file for printing.

Invoking Help
To get help on tasks in any Desktop-VMS application, choose the
Overview menu item from the application’s Help menu.
A help window opens with the Overview topic displayed. The
Overview topic includes a list of additional topics that explain how
to do common tasks.

File

Edit

View

Help

DECwindows Calendar

This is the Overview topic for the DECwindows Calendar
Help library. The Calendar provides a simple facility
for recording your meetings and other events. Like a
paper calendar, several different views are available.
For example, it can display the whole year in a window,
or just one day, with all its appointments.

Twm*:

You can use the Help library as a source of task-

oriented or descriptive information. Task-oriented Help

describes how to use the features of Calendar to carry
out specific tasks. For a list of the tasks, select
Using Calendar from the list of additional topics. Each
Calendar feature is also described. Features are listed
below. Much of the information found here can be
accessed more quickly using context-sensitive Help.
For information about using Help,

“

choose the Overview

Help

menu item from the Help menu.

Additional topics:
Using Calendar
Additional¢

DECwindows Calendar Displays
Brief History of the Gregorian Calendar

Tooi

Menus

Julian Period

| Go Back I

Exit
ZK-0498A-GE

The help topic describes the task or object about which you

requested help. Scroll bars are displayed if the text cannot fit
in one frame.
The Additional topics list contains related topics that you

can select to display more information. You select these topics
by pointing to them and double clicking MB1.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-21

s
~

The help buttons, Go Back and Exit, let you display the
previous help frame or exit from Help.

To get help on objects such as menu names, scroll bars, and

dialog boxes in Bookreader, Calendar, Help, and Mail, point to the
screen object, and press and hold the Help key on your keyboard
while you click MB1.
To get help on a menu item, press the Help key while you press
and hold MB1 on the menu item, then release MB1.

A help window opens, displaying information on the object you
specified.

You can display product information about your application, such

as the software version number, by choosing the About menu item
from the application’s Help menu. In some applications, the Help
menu also contains a Glossary menu item, which you can use to

look up terms specific to your application. For more information

—

about using Help, choose the Help menu item from the Help menu
in each application’s help window.

Navigating in Help
When you select a topic from the additional topics list in the

Overview window, you start down a path that is limited only by

—_—

your own curiosity. You can follow a path of topics by continuing

to select additional topics, retrace your steps and branch off to a
different topic, or return to the Overview frame and start down
another path.
To select an additional topic:

Point to the item and click MB1.
The topic is highlighted to indicate it is selected.

Choose the Go To menu item from the View menu.

Faster still, just double click on the topic you want. Double

clicking on a topic is a shortcut for selecting the topic and

choosing the Go To menu item.
Help displays the selected topic. You can continue to select other

topics from the Additional topics list or redisplay the topic you
last saw by clicking on the Go Back button.
If you want to display the current topic and a new topic

simultaneously:
1

4-22

Select another topic from the Additional topics list.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

—

Choose the Visit menu item from the View menu.

Instead of replacing the current help topic with the new topic,
another help window opens displaying information about the new

topic. You can then explore other topics from the new help window
and keep the current topic open for reference.
To see the path you followed to get to your current topic:

Choose the History... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box that lists the topics you have

already seen.
2

Double click on a topic to replace the current topic or select
a topic and click on the Visit button to open another help
window without replacing the current topic.

When you finish looking at a topic and want to close the help
window, click on the Exit button. To return to the Overview

frame, choose the Go To Overview menu item from the View menu
in any help window.

Searching Help for Titles and Keywords
You can search Help for words or phrases to see whether they
appear in topic titles or in help text. For example, you might want

to see whether a Mail help topic title contains the word “Sending,”

or the topic in which the keyword “message” appears.
To search for a word or phrase contained in a topic title:
1

Choose the Title... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box.

In the Title text field, enter the word or phrase for which you
want to search.
Leave this field empty if you want Help to display a list of
every topic title.

Click on Apply.
Help displays the topics whose titles contain the word or
phrase you specified.

To display the topic whose title contains the word or phrase you

searched for, double click on the topic or select it and click on
the Visit button. Help displays the topic in another window. The
Search Topic Titles dialog box remains open for you to continue
your topic search.

Using Desktop-VMS Software

4-23

Help for each application has predefined keywords that you can
search for. To search for a keyword used in a topic:

Choose the Keyword... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box that lists the keywords defined for
that application.

Double click on the keyword for which you want to search.
Help lists the topics in which the keyword is used.

To display the topic in which the keyword is used, double click on
the topic or select it and click on the Visit button. Help displays

the topic in another window. The Search Topic Keywords dialog
box remains open for you to continue your keyword search.

Saving Help Text in a File
You can select text from a help topic and save it in a file. This
lets you print the file for later reference or mail the file to another
user.

To select text from a topic and save it in a file:

Choose the Select All menu item from the Edit menu, or use
the techniques described in Selecting Text to select smaller
amounts of text.

Choose the Save As... menu item from the File menu.
Help displays a dialog box.

Delete the text in the Selection text field if you want to name
the file something other than HELP_TOPIC.TXT, which is
already entered for you.

Give the file name a TXT file type to identify that it COntains
text. For example, if you selected Help text from Cardfiler,
you might want to call your file CARDFILER_HELP.TXT.

Click on OK.

Exiting from Help
To exit from Help, click on the Exit button. If you have multiple
help windows open, you must close each one separately.

4-24

Using Desktop-VMS Software

S
Understanding Files, Directories, and
Devices

Your Desktop-VMS software includes a full VMS operating system
and DECwindows workstation software. Although DECwindows
is an interface to the VMS operating system, you do not need to
know a great deal about the VMS directory structure to use your
Desktop-VMS system. You can, for example, use your system

successfully without ever leaving your own directory. But the
more you understand about the VMS directory structure and the
relationship between its parts, the more sophisticated your daily
computing tasks can become.

This chapter is designed for new users of VMS as well as those
who need a refresher on files and directories and their place in
the VMS directory structure. If you are already familiar with this
discussion, skip to Chapter 6 to find out exactly how to work with
files and directories under FileView, the graphic interface to VMS.

Understanding the VMS Directory Structure
In the VMS operating system, information is stored hierarchically.
At the top of this hierarchy is the master file directory. Your
user file directory and those belonging to other users on your
system are listed in this master file directory. Your user file
directory—usually called username.DIR—is a file that points
to your top level directory. This top level directory contains
the files and subdirectories that you have created or that have
been created for you. It is from your top level directory that you
perform most of your daily online tasks.

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

5-1

e—

Your directory structure resembles a family tree. Your top
level directory branches off to files and to subdirectories,
which branch still further. Subdirectories let you organize

files into meaningful groups. By ascending and descending the

directory structure, you can list the contents of your directory and
subdirectories, and work with the files they contain.

——

[000000]
MASTER
FILE
DIRECTORY

MARTINO.DIR
PUBLIC.DIR

JONESDIR

[JONES]

BRUSSELS _CONTACTS.LIS;3
LOGIN.COM:4
MY_CALENDAR.DWC;3

TOP

SCHEDULES.DIR;1

LEVEL

DIRECTORY

T—

VACATIONS.DIR;1

SALES.DIR;1

[JONES.SCHEDULES.SALES]
FEDERAL.LIS S
STATELLIS; 2

THIRD
LEVEL

DIRECTORY |

[JONES.SCHEDULES.FUTURE]
C_PROJECT.DAT;2
CEQ_REPORT.PS;4
PROJECTIONS.TXT;10

[JONES.STAFF.SALARIES]

[JONES.STAFF.VACATIONS]

PROMOTIONS.LIS;3
PROJECTED.TXT:5

C_PROUJECT.LIS;5
PRODUCTION.TXT:8
POLICY.TXT;5

——

ZK-0584A-GE

The top level directory, subdirectories, and files that make up your
directory structure are stored on a physical device called a disk.
The access path to a file is through the node and device, through
a top level directory, through any subdirectories, and then to the

file. If your computer system is part of a network, you can access

other directory structures on other nodes.
[ ——

[

5-2

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

About Files
A file can be a document, a program written in a language such as
C or Pascal, or a list of street addresses. Among other things, you
can view, edit, print, and delete these files. In DECwindows, you
use FileView to perform tasks with files.
Every file has a file name or file type to identify it. When
you create a file, you give it a file name. This name should
be meaningful to you. A file name can be up to 39 characters
chosen from the letters A through Z (uppercase or lowercase), the
numbers 0 through 9, an underscore (_), a hyphen (-), or a dollar
sign ($).

A file type identifies the nature of a file. For example, a file that
contains text may have the file type TXT. A program that you can
run—or execute—often has the file type EXE.

A file also has a version number. You can have many versions of
a file. When you modify that file, the system saves the original
file and produces a modified output file. This output file has the
same name and type as the original, but the version number is
increased by 1. Unless you specify a version number, FileView
uses the highest existing version number of that file when it
executes a command.

You express this file information in the following format:
filename.type;version

About Directories and Devices
Files are cataloged in directories. The file name, type, and version
of the files in a directory are recorded in a special kind of file
called a directory file. When you list the contents of a directory,
the system reads the directory file to obtain the names of the files
in that directory.

A directory file has the following format:
directory.DIR;1

Because you cannot edit a directory file, all directory files have a
version number of 1.

When you started your first DECwindows session, you were placed
in your top level directory. Your top level directory, which contains
all your files and subdirectories, is stored on a device. By default,
the name of the device containing your directory and files is
$USERS. The device, directory, and file information combine

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

5-3

to form a file specification. You use this file specification to

identify the path to a file.

The following file specification tells a user that the file
RABBIT.TXT is located in the directory [MCGREGOR] on
the device $USERS. (If you want to access a file that is located
on your device, you can omit the device name from the file
specification.) The colon and brackets are required elements in
the file specification.

$USERS : [MCGREGO
RABBIT R]
. TXT

A subdirectory name always appears after the directory name,

—

separated from it by a period. You can append up to seven
subdirectory names—each separated from the other by a period—

after the directory name. The following file specification tells
a user that the file RABBIT.TXT is located in the subdirectory

[MCGREGOR.GARDEN] on the device $USERS:
$USERS : [MCGREGOR . GARDEN] RABBIT . TXT

If you want to access a file on another node, you must include
the node name in the file specification. (You specify a node only

if your computer system is part of a network.) The following file
specification tells a user that the file COTTONTAIL.TXT is located
in the directory [PETER] on device $PUBLIC on node FLOPSY:

FLOPSY: : SPUBLIC: [PETER] COTTONTAIL.
TXT

Using Wildcards in File Specifications
FileView provides commands that let you work with files. The
asterisk (*) and percent sign (%) wildcards allow you to apply
commands to multiple files rather than to one file at a time. When
you use wildcards in a file specification, the command applies to

all files whose fields match those of the file specification you enter.
(Fields are the individual elements, such as the file name and file

type, of a file specification.)

If you choose a command that accepts wildcards, the asterisk (*)

S ——

and percent sign (%) wildcards can be used in the directory name,
file name, and file type fields of a file specification. See Chapter 6

for more information about using FileView commands.

5-4

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

w—
|

Using the Asterisk (*) Wildcard
You can use the asterisk wildcard to represent all or part of a
directory name, file name, and file type. You can also use an

asterisk to match the entire version number, but not a portion of

it.

—
.

The following example shows how to use an asterisk to replace
fields of a file specification. By choosing FileView’s Type command

and entering the following file specification in Type’s dialog box,

all versions and all file types of all files that begin with the word

STAFTF in the directory [JONES] are displayed. This includes
STAFF _VACATIONS.TXT, STAFF.DIS;1, and STAFF.DIS;2.

Files: STAFF* *;*

When you select the file you want the command to act on, you

result of the command. Use the asterisk in the file name, type,

—

provide FileView with an input file specification. You must also
provide the name of the output file specification created as a
and version number fields in the output file specification when you

want the output file specification to match the corresponding fields
in the input file specification.

In the following example, choosing FileView’s Copy command

and entering the following file specification in Copy’s dialog box

copies the latest version of all TXT files in [JONES] to new files in
[JONES] with the same name but with a file type of SAV:

From: *.TXT

To: SUSERS: [JONES] *. SAV

Using the Percent (%) Wildcard

The percent sign wildcard can be used as a substitute for any
single character in the directory, file name, and file type fields.

You cannot, however, use the percent sign wildcard in the version

number field.

In the following example, choosing FileView’s Type command

—

and entering the file specification in Type’s dialog box as shown
displays the latest versions of all TXT files whose names begin
with DISTRICT:

Files:

»
-

DISTRICTS%.TXT

The files DISTRICT1.TXT, DISTRICT2.TXT, and DISTRICT3.TXT

would be displayed. The file DISTRICT33.TXT would not

be displayed (because it has more than one character after

DISTRICT), nor would the file DISTRICT.TXT. The percent sign

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

5-6

replaces one character position, but there must be a character to
replace.

Using Wildcards in Directory Specifications
You can also use two other wildcards, the ellipsis ( ... ) and
hyphen (-), to refer to another directory or subdirectory in a

—

directory structure. The ellipsis wildcard allows you to search

down the directory hierarchy. The hyphen wildcard permits
you to move up the directory structure one level at a time. See

Chapter 6 for more information about using the ellipsis and
hyphen wildcards.
I

wsm——:

5-6

Understanding Files, Directories, and Devices

6
Using FileView

FileView is a graphic representation of the VMS operating system
that appears on your screen at the start of every DECwindows
session. You can think of FileView as an application. As with
other DECwindows applications, FileView allows you to execute
commands and perform tasks by selecting text and objects on your
screen with a mouse.

However, unlike other applications—which provide commands
for using the application—FileView gives you access to the
applications and commands you need to use your system. From
FileView, you can:

Run DECwindows applications, such as Calendar and
Cardfiler.

Execute commands for using tapes, diskettes, and printers.

Edit, copy, delete, print, or search a file.

Create directories to organize your files.

FileView also provides a window to the VMS operating system
through the Digital Command Language (DCL). You can execute

a DCL command directly from FileView (see Executing a DCL
Command). Thus, the power of DCL is only a window away.

In this chapter, you will learn how to run applications, how to use
commands to perform file tasks, how to get helpful information
about files, and how to navigate the directory structure to gain
quick access to files.

Using FileView

6~1

Understanding the FileView Window
FileView appears on your screen at the start of every session. The
main window looks like this:

“Control

Customize Views Files Utilities

File Filter: |

Applications Status

Help

Selected: 0

] Lfl_l LM Total Files: 60
[ . SCHEDULES]

1992 ISSUES.PS

BRUSSELS CONTACTS.LIS

CURRENCY . TXT
DIRECTIONS . TXT

FORECAST1 .DDIF
o

FORECAST2 .DDIF

Navigation
List Box <

FORECAST3.DDIF
IMPORT TARTFFS.PS
LOGIN.COM

File
> List

MUNICH CONTACTS.LIS

MYCALENDAR.DWC
PRODUCTION.DIS

PRODUCTION PROCEDURES . TMP

ROME_CONTACTS
. LIS

o A%

SALES PLAN.PS
TRADE BARRIERS.TXT

_
4P
ZK-0653A-GE

The title bar displays the name of the application.and the
name of the current directory. Notice also that the FileView
icon in the Icon Box displays the current device and directory.

The menu bar displays the names of menus available from

FileView.
s

The File Filter text field lets you list a subset of files, for
example, all TXT files, in the current file list. By entering a
directory specification here, you can also list the contents of a

directory or directory structure without changing your current
directory. (That is, where files produced by any commands are

placed.) You can work with files on other nodes by including
the remote node in the File Filter field.
s

The Directory text field displays the name of the current, or

default, device and directory. Unless you specify otherwise,
you are placed in your top level directory whenever you start

FileView.

6~2

Using FileView

structure in the current or a new FileView window.

w—
s

—

to update your file list.

s The All button selects all the files in the file list.
s

e—
'

The Total Files field tallies the number of files in the file list.

The file list can contain different kinds of information, such
as the creation date or size, about the files in the current

directory or in the directory specified in the File Filter field.

The first time you start FileView, the file list contains only the

—

The None button cancels the current file selection.

s The Selected field tallies the number of files selected.

contents of the File Filter and Directory field. These contents

to the files in your current directory, such as renaming a file,
the Apply button changes to an Update button to remind you

—

The Apply button lets you create a new file list based on the

can include a wildcard in the File Filter, or another directory
specification in the Directory field. If you make any changes

—
}'

The navigation list box displays your subdirectories. Using the
navigation list box, you can ascend and descend a directory

names of the files in your top level directory.

Running Applications
|

You run applications from FileView. When you choose the

application you want to run from FileView’s Applications menu,

that application is displayed in a window and its icon is placed in
the Icon Box. FileView remains available for you to run additional

~ applications or perform other tasks.

Selecting File Names
—

Before you execute a task, you select the file you want to work

with. FileView highlights a selected file. The next command you
choose will affect that file.

To select a file from your file list:
1

Point to the file you want to select.

Click MB1.
The file name is highlighted.

FileView keeps track of the number of files currently selected.
Selecting one file at a time cancels the previous file selection.

Using FileView

6-3

To select a block of adjacent files from the file list:
1

Point to the first file in the range.

Drag the pointer through the files you want to select.
The block of files is highlighted. FileView reports the number
of files selected.

To select files scattered throughout the file list:
1

Point to the first file you want to select and click MB1.

Press and hold
to select.

and click MB1 on the other files you want

Select all the files in the current directory by clicking on the All
button. You can then remove individual files from the selection
by pointing to them, pressing and holding the Shift key, and
clicking MB1. You can remove multiple files from the selection by
pointing to them, pressing and holding the Shift key and MBI,
and dragging the pointer through them. Cancel your file selection
by clicking on the None button.

You can also select file names that appear in other windows by
dragging the pointer through the file name or double clicking on
it. See Chapter 4 for more information about making selections.

If you do not select a file name before choosing a FileView
command, FileView displays a dialog box, asking you to enter
the name of the file or files on which you want the command
performed.

Scrolling Through the File List
FileView displays horizontal or vertical scroll bars if the files in
your current directory cannot fit in the file list. (If at least two full
columns fit in the file list, FileView displays the files in multiple
columns.) Use the scroll bars to see the rest of the information.

See Chapter 4 for more information about using scroll bars.

Updating the File List
You use the Apply button to create a new file list based on the
contents of the File Filter and Directory field. For example, to
list only the TXT files in your current directory, type *.TXT in the
File Filter text field and click on the Apply button. The file list
displays the files you requested.

6-4

Using FileView

The Apply button changes to an Update button when you make
changes to the contents of the current directory. If that change
affects your file list, clicking on the Update button displays the
altered version of the file list. For example, if you rename or

delete a file in the file list, the Apply button changes to an Update

button to remind you to update the file list. You can continue to
work with other files and perform other tasks, updating the file
list at your convenience.

Keeping Track of Work in Progress

FileView maintains a Work in Progress dialog box that lists
the applications currently running and the commands currently
executing. FileView automatically displays this dialog box when
you start applications or perform most file tasks.
FileView - Work in Progress

Files Status

Work in Progress

0/1

Stop Task

Active

M‘ti

Dismiss

I
ZK-0448A-GE

If a command is executing on multiple selected files, the Work
in Progress dialog box displays a status message as each file is
affected. For example, if you select three files from the file list
for deletion, the Work in Progress dialog box displays a status
message as each file is deleted.

The Files column tells you how many files are selected and the file
on which the command is currently executing. For example, if you
selected five files for copying, the files column displays 1/5 as it
copies the first file, 2/5 as it copies the second file, and so on.
The Status column tells you the task’s status. This status can be
any of the following:

This status

Means

Starting

The application is starting but is not yet

Active

The task is currently executing.

displayed.

Using FileView

6-5

This status

Means

Pending

The task cannot execute because you have
exceeded the number of tasks—called
subprocesses—you are allowed to execute.
If several other tasks are executing, this
status changes to “Active” when those tasks

[

are completed.

Done

The task is complete.

If you want to cancel a task—either a command or an

application—while it is executing, select it in the Work in
Progress dialog box and click on the Stop Task button. If the task
produced a Task Output window, you can also cancel a command
by clicking on the Stop Task button in that window.

If the command successfully completes and produces no output

files, such as when you copy or rename a file, FileView places the
word “Done” in the Status column and removes the task status

message from the Work in Progress dialog box. FileView closes
the Work in Progress dialog box unless you since started another

task that opens it.

If the command normally produces output files that you need to

see to continue working, FileView opens a Task Output window.

For example, when you search a file for a text string, you want to

see the results of that search operation, that is, a listing of every
line in the selected file on which the text string you specified

appears. In the following example, FileView displays the results
of a search for the text string “salaries”

[

6-6

Using FileView

FileView -

<<<<< Searching $USERS{JONES STAFFJISSUES.TXT >>>>>

Salaries for the production staff am currently bemg evaluated by European

compensation package, and feelthat salaries

%SEARCH-S-MATCHED, $USERS{JONES STAFF}ISSUES TXT;1 - 20 records, 2 matches

%)g;?m&.

[ rog

Dismiss |

ZK-0654A-GE

If the output is more than one screen of text, the text scrolls
off the screen. Toggle on the Hold button to stop and resume
scrolling. Use the scroll bars to redisplay the last 100 lines of
text that scrolled off the screen. When you are done viewing
the output, or if you want to view it at a later time, click on the
Dismiss button.

If FileView cannot execute the task successfully, it displays the
word “Error” next to the Status column in the Work in Progress
dialog box. Click on the Show Output button in the Work in
Progress dialog box to display the error message. For example,
if a delete operation failed, the Task Output window displays the
following error message:

Using FileView

6-7

SRR

FileView ~ Task Output
A,

Deleting REPORTS.TXT

Done

reports.txt

%DELETE-W-SEARCHFAIL, error searching for $USERS:[JONES.STAFFJREPORTS.TXT:*
~-RMS-E-FNF, file not found

AR,

ZK-0655A-GE

If the task produces output files (for example, files that have been
copied) and the Task Output window is not currently displayed,

the words “New Output” are displayed next to the Status column

in the Work in Progress dialog box. Click on the Show Output
button to display the output.

You can keep track of your FileView tasks by keeping the Work

in Progress dialog box open. To open the Work in Progress dialog
box, choose the Work in Progress... menu item from the Control
menu. If you open the Work in Progress dialog box in this way, it

RO,

remains open until you dismiss it.

6~-8

Using FileView

Working with Files
| Files I

Compare

Copy
Delete
Edit

Purge
Rename
Run

Show File
Submit
Type

FileView provides commands that let you do the following tasks:
s

Display the contents of files

Create and modify files

Copy files

Search files for text strings

Rename files

Compare the contents of files

Display information about files

Purge files from directories

Delete files

Print files

Run programs

Hiding Command Dialog Boxes
When you choose a command from FileView’s Files menu,
FileView displays a dialog box in which you can choose options to
tailor the file operation. For example, you can request that the
Copy command display a confirmation message each time it copies
a file.

If you want a command performed in the same way every time you
choose it, you can prevent FileView from displaying a command
dialog box. By clicking on the Hide This Dialog option button
in a command dialog box, you prevent FileView from displaying
that command dialog box the next time you execute the command.
Even though the command’s dialog box is hidden, FileView
continues to use the options you chose to tailor your file operation.

But what if you have hidden a command dialog box and need to
see it? To display a hidden command dialog box, pull down the
Files menu, drag the pointer to the command you want, press and
hold the Shift key, and release MB1.

A hidden command dialog box also appears if the command you
choose requires a file name, but none is selected.

Using FileView

6-9

Viewing the Contents of Files

|_Files [N
Compare

Copy
Delete

Edit

To view the contents of one or more files without making any

changes, use the Type command:

Select the files you want to view.

Choose the Type command from the Files menu.

FileView displays a dialog box.

Purge
Rename

Run

FileView — Type

Search
Show File

Files:

Submit

Type

| $USERS: [JONES]DIRECTIONS.TXT|
By Page

[[] Hide This Dialog

Cancel

ZK-0658A-GE

To display a file, click on OK.
To alter the way a file is displayed, choose any of the following
options and click on OK:

Enable this option

By Page

Display the file one page at a time.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Type dialog box the next time you choose
the Type command.

Click on OK to display the selected file.

P——

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the

file is being typed. The Task Output window opens, and the file

you specified is displayed one page at a time. Press the Return

key to display the next page. If you selected more than one file for

display, press Ctrl/Z to cancel the display of the current file and
continue with the next file.

If you disabled the By Page setting and the file contains more
than one screen of text, the text scrolls off the screen. Toggle on

the Hold button to stop and resume scrolling.

When the entire file has been displayed, the word “Done” appears

in the upper right-hand corner of the Task Output window. Use

the scroll bars to redisplay the last 100 lines of text that scrolled
off the screen. Click on the Dismiss button to close the Task

Output window.

6~10

Using FileView

To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want
to view, choose the Type command without first selecting any
files. In the following example, choosing the Type command and
entering the file specifications as shown displays the highest
version of those files in the current directory with a file type of
LIS:
Files:

*.LIS

Creating and Modifying Files
Compare
Delete

Edit
Print

Purge
Rename
Run

Search
Show File

Submit

Type

- Using the Edit command, you can create and edit new or existing
files. You can add text to a file and modify or format that text.
FileView gives you several text editors from which to choose:
«

EVE

EDT

Notepad

To edit a file:

Select the file you want to edit.

Choose the Edit command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView - Edit

Files:

| $USERS: [JONES] CURRENCY.TXT; 2 |

Editor:

@& EVE

O Notepad

O Other:

[] Hide This Dialog

lCanmll
ZK-0660A-GE

Click on the editor you want to use.

To use an editor other than those listed, enter the appropriate
DCL command for invoking the editor in the text field
provided. FileView appends the file name of each selected file
to this Edit command.
4

Click on OK.

Using FileView

6-11

[

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the
editor is starting.
s

If you clicked on EVE, FileView displays another dialog box
in which you can specify EVE settings. If you clicked on EDT,

FileView opens a Task Output window where you can edit your
file using EDT. If you clicked on Notepad, a Notepad window
opens. Click on the Hide This Dialog button to prevent FileView

from displaying the Edit dialog box the next time you choose the

Edit command.

See the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide, which
1s available online, for more information about using EVE and

Notepad.

Copying Files

|Files

You can copy a file to a new file name, concatenate two or more

| Copy

files. You can also enhance a copy operation by choosing several

Compare
Delete

Edit

files into a single file, or copy a group of files to a group of new
options from the Copy dialog box.

When you copy a file to another file name, the original file remains

Purge

unchanged.

Rename
Run

Copying One File to Another

a different subdirectory:

Show File

Submit
Type

To copy a file to a new name or to

Select the file you want to copy.

Choose the Copy command from the Files menu.

FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView - Copy

From: | $USERS: [ JONES] FORECAST . DDIF; 2
To:

| $USERS: [JONES]!
[] Show Log

[[] Request Confirmation

[ Concatenate Input Files
[] Replace Existing Files
[] Hide This Dialog

Cancel

ZK-0662A-GE
AT

Enter the new file name, or the device and directory to which
you want the file copied.

'To perform a simple copy operation, click on OK.

6—-12

Using FileView

To alter the way a copy operation is performed, choose any of
the following options and click on OK:
Enable this option

Show Log

Display the file specification of each
copied file. If a file is not copied, an
error message is reported. This toggle
button is especially helpful for verifying
whether multiple input files were copied
to multiple output files as you intended.

Request Confirmation

Display a prompt asking whether the file
should be copied.

Concatenate Input Files

Create one output file from multiple input
files if wildcard characters are not used
in the output file specification.

Replace

Delete the file that already exists
with the output file specification you
entered. The copied file is given that
file specification because two files cannot
have exactly the same file specification;
that is, at least the version number must
be different.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Copy dialog box the next time you choose
the Copy command.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that
the file is being copied. Once it is copied, this status message
disappears.

If FileView cannot copy the file, it displays the word “Error” in the
Work in Progress dialog box. To open the Task Output window
and see the error message, click on the Show Output button. Click
on the OK button in the Task Output window when you finish
viewing the message.

If you choose the Copy command without first selecting a file,
enter the name of the file you want to copy in the Copy dialog box.
Copying Groups of Files You can concatenate two or more files
into a single file, or copy multiple input files to multiple output
files. To copy a group of files at the same time, you select the files
and then copy them in one operation. You can tailor this copy
operation as well by choosing options from the Copy dialog box.

To éopy a group of files in one operation:
1

Select the files you want to copy.

Using FileView

6~13

Choose the Copy command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.

Enter the new file name or names, or the device and directory
you want the files copied to.

Click on OK.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the
files are being copied. Once they are copied, this status message
disappears.
If you specify multiple input files in the Copy dialog box, separate

them with a comma. To create multiple output files, specify
multiple input files and include at least one of the following:
=

An asterisk wildcard in the output directory, file name, file
type, or version number field

Only a directory specification as the output file specification

When multiple output files are created, the corresponding field
from each input file specification is used in the output file

specification. If you do not specify a version number for the input

and output files, the Copy command assigns a version number to
the output files that is either of the following:
m

The version number of the input file

A version number one greater than the highest version
number of an existing file with the same file name and file
type
[~

If you specify a version number in the output file specification, the

Copy command uses that number for the output file specification.
If a higher version of the output file already exists, a warning
message 1s issued in the Task Output window, but the file is

still copied. If an equal version of the output file already exists, a
message is issued and the file is not copied. (Toggle on the Replace
button in the Copy dialog box to overwrite the existing file.)
The following example copies the files DIRECTIONS.TXT;1 and

PROVISIONS.LIS;1 to produce two output files, HOLIDAY.TXT:1

AR,

and HOLIDAY.LIS;1:
From:
To:

SUSERS:[JONES]DIRECTIONS.TXT; 1, $USERS: [JONES]PROVISIONS.LIS:1

SUSERS: [JONES]HOLIDAY. *;*

[

6-14

Using FileView

Searching Files for Text Strings
To search one or more files for one or more text strings, use the
Search command.
1

Select the files you want to search.

Choose the Search command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView - Search

Files:

| $SUSERS: [ JONES] DIRECTIONS.
TXT; 4 |

Strings:

[0 Exact Match

[0 Show Line Numbers

M ShowlLog

[] Hide This Dialog

Match Type

O Al Strings

[

@ Any String

Show Adjacent Lines

]

ZK-0664A-GE

Enter the text string you want to search for.

To perform a simple search operation, click on OK.
To alter the way a search operation is performed, choose any
of the following options and click on OK:
Enable this option

Exact Match

Find only those strings that exactly
match the string you specified. Unless
you specify this toggle button, the Search
command does not differentiate between
uppercase and lowercase letters.

Show Log

Display the file specification of each file
as it is searched.

Match Type

Produce output only if the line contains
all the strings when you specify multiple
search strings. Click on the Any String
button to produce output if the line
contains any of the strings.

Using FileView

6~15

Enable this option

Show Line Numbers

Display the line number on which the

text string is located in the file being
searched.
GRS

Show Adjacent Lines

Specify the number of lines to be
displayed with the search string. By
default, only the line containing the search string is displayed.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Search dialog box the next time you
choose the Search command.

—

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the

files are being searched. A Task Output window opens, displaying
the lines in the files you specified that contain the text string
you entered. If the output is more than one screen of text, the
text scrolls off the screen. Toggle on the Hold button to stop and

resume scrolling. Use the scroll bars to redisplay the last 100

lines of text that scrolled off the screen. Click on the Dismiss
button when you finish viewing the results.
To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want to
search, choose the Search command without first selecting any

files. In the following example, choosing the Search command and
entering the file specification as shown searches all versions of all

files in the current directory with the file type COM for the text

string WRITE.
Files:

*.COM

Strings:

WRITE

Changing the Name of a File
You can change all or part of a file specification of one or more
existing files by using the Rename command. You can also rename

Compare

Copy

a group of files in one operation. You can change just the name

Delete

of the file or keep the same file name and change the directory in

Edit

which the file is located. You cannot, however, use the Rename

command to change the device on which a file is located.

Purge

Rename

Run

Search
Show File

When you rename a file, a copy of that file no longer exists under
its original name.
AR

Submit
Type
R

6~-16

Using FileView

Renaming a File

To change all or part of a file specification of an

existing file:

Select the file you want to rename.

Choose the Rename command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView - Rename

From: | $USERS: [ JONES]DIRECTIONS
. TXT; 4}
To:

| SUSERS: [JONES]}
[] Replace Existing Files

Show Log

[] Hide This Dialog

[] Request Confirmation

| Cancel l
ZK-0666A-GE

Enter the new file name.

To perform a simple rename operation, click on OK.
To alter the way a rename operation is performed, choose any
of the following options and click on OK:
Enable this option

Show L.og

Display the file specification of each file

as it is renamed. This toggle button is

especially helpful for verifying whether
multiple input files were renamed to
multiple output files as you intended.
Request Confirmation

Display a prompt asking whether the file

Replace Existing Files

Delete the file that already exists with
the output file specification you entered.
The renamed file is given that file
specification because two files cannot
have exactly the same file specification.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Rename dialog box the next time you
choose the Rename command.

should be renamed.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that
the file is being renamed. Once it is renamed, the status message
disappears.

Using FileView

6~17

If you choose the Rename command without first selecting a file,
enter the name of the file you want to rename in the Rename

dialog box.

If FileView cannot rename the file, it displays the word “Error” in
the Work in Progress dialog box. To open the Task Output window

to see the error message, click on the Show Output button. Click

on the OK button in the Task Output window when you finish
viewing the message.
In the following example, choosing the Rename command and
entering the file specifications in the Rename dialog box as

shown changes the directory specification of DIRECTIONS.TXT

from your top level directory to the SCHEDULES subdirectory.
(DIRECTIONS.TXT is moved to the SCHEDULES subdirectory.)
DA

From:

To:

DIRECTIONS.TXT

[.SCHEDULES]

Renaming Groups of Files

You can rename multiple files in

T
IG

one operation. The simplest way to rename multiple files is by

selecting them in your file list and renaming them as you would

one file.

You can also rename multiple input files to multiple output files
by specifying wildcard characters in corresponding fields of the

input and output file specifications. Just as when you renamed
one file, you can tailor this operation by choosing options from the
Rename dialog box.

If fields in the output file specification are omitted or replaced

by wildcard characters, the Rename command uses the device,
directory, file name, and file type of the input file specification in

naming the corresponding fields in the output file specification.
The version number is determined in the following ways:

If you specify an explicit version number in the output file

specification, that version number is used.

If you specify a wildcard as the version number in the output
file specification, the version number of the input file is used.

If you specify a wildcard as the version number in the input
file specification, the version number of each input file is used

to name a corresponding output file.

If no file exists with the same file name and type as the output

file, a version number of 1 is used.

6-18

Using FileView

If a file already exists with the same file name and type as the
output file, the next higher version number is used.

To rename multiple files in one operation using wildcards:

Choose the Rename command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.

Enter the file specifications of the files you want to rename.
Separate them with commas.

Enter the file specification you want the files renamed to.

Click on OK.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that
the files are being renamed. Once they are renamed, the status
message disappears.
In the following example, choosing the Rename command and

entering the file specification in the Rename dialog box as shown

renames all versions of all files in $USERS:[JONES] with the
file type TXT to the file type OLD. The file names and version
numbers are not changed.
From:

To:

* TXT,;*

SUSERS: [JONES]*.OLD; *

Comparing the Contents of Files
You can compare the contents of two files and view a listing of the

lines that do not match by using the Compare command. Use the
Copy
Delete

Edit
Print

Purge
Rename
Run

Search
Show File

Compare command to find out whether two files are identical and,

if not, how they differ.
To compare the contents of two files:

Select the first file you want to compare.

Choose the Compare command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.

Submit
Type

Using FileView

6~19

FileView — Compare

Files:

| $USERS : [ JONES] PRODUCTION.DIS; 3]
DB

[] Parallel Output

[] Hide This Dialog

3 :

(il

| 1]

Match Size

Maximum Differences

Search Limit

| Cancel |
ZK-0668A-GE

The To: text field contains the text :-1. This means that
the selected file will be compared to its previous version.

To compare the selected file to a file other than its previous
version, double click on this text and enter another file

specification.

To perform a simple compare operation, click on OK.
To alter the way each compare operation matches lines, choose

any of the following options and click on OK:

Enable this option

Parallel Output

List the lines with differences side by
side.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Compare dialog box the next time you
choose the Compare command.

Match Size

Specify the number of lines that should
again indicate matching data after
differences are found. Once the Compare
command finds unmatched lines, it
considers the files matching once again
after it finds three sequential lines that
match. Use the Match slider to override
the match size of 3.

Maximum Differences

‘Terminate the compare operation after

the specified number of differences is
found. This number can be from 0 to
100. If you specify 0, all differences found
between the files are reported.

SNBSS

6-20

Using FileView

Enable this option

Specify how many lines should be

Search Limit

- searched before a line is considered
unmatched. This number can be from
0 to 100. If you specify 0, the Compare
command searches to the ends of both
files being compared before it lists a line
as unmatched.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that
the files are being compared. A Task Output window opens,
displaying all lines in the files you specified that do not match. If
the output contains more than one screen of text, the text scrolls
off the screen. Toggle on the Hold button to stop and resume
scrolling. Use the scroll bars to redisplay the last 100 lines of text
that scrolled off the screen. Click on the Dismiss button when you
finish viewing the results.

If you choose the Compare command without first selecting a
file, enter the name of the file you want compared to its previous
version.

The following example shows the results produced when the files
PROJECTIONS.LIS:2 and PROJECTIONS.LIS;1 are compared:
LHIE

FileView - Task Output
Compare

<<<<< Comparing $USERS:[JONES.SCHEDULES]PROJECTIONS.LIS;2 10 ;-1 >>>>>
s W o e ok o o o

ok o

File $USEH5:EJONES,‘SCHEDULEE]PflOdECTmN&MS;z
3 forecasting tools available, it fails to consider such variables as rain,
4 crop failure, and the pma!bim{ that the next generation will withess the
5 melting of the polar ice caps. If these ice caps do indeed meit, New York
6 will become the new Atlantis. Can you envision the economic coliapse that
7 would follow? Can you imagine Philadelphia and Paris as seaside resorts?
o o o

e R

File $USERS:[JONES.SCHEDULES]PROJECTIONS.LIS;1

3 forecasting tools available, it fails

de o e o o e o ok o ok ok

‘

Number of difference sections found: 1
Number of difference records found: 6

DIFFERENCES /IGNORE=()/MATCH=3/MERGED=1$USEHS:[JOMES.SCHE ULEQ}PR IWJECTIONS.LIS;
2~
$USERS:[JONES.SCHEDULES]PROJECTIONS.LIS;1

Stop Yask §

ZK-0669A-GE

Using FileView

6-21

In the following example, choosing the Compare command and
entering the file specification in the Compare dialog box as shown

compares the contents of the TRADE_BARRIERS.TXT with
EMBARGOES.TXT:
To:

EMBARGOES.TXT

Displaying Information About Files
You can obtain information about a file or group of files by using
-

Compare

the Show File command. This information can include the file’s

Copy

size, creation date, protection settings, and last backup date.

Delete

To obtain information about a file:

Edit

Purge

Rename

Run

Show File |
Submit
Type

Select the file you want information about.

‘2»

Choose the Show File command from the Files menu.

—

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that

information about the files you selected is being displayed. A Task
Output window opens, displaying information about each file. If
the output is more than one screen of text, the text scrolls off the
screen. Toggle on the Hold button to stop and resume scrolling.

Use the scroll bars to redisplay the last 100 lines of text that

scrolled off the screen. Click on the Dismiss button when you

—

finish viewing the results.
To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want
information about, choose the Show File command without first

selecting any files. In the following example, choosing the Show
File command and entering the file specification as shown displays

information about all files in the $USERS:[JONES] with the file
type PS:
Show File:

SUSERS:[JONES]*.PS

—

Output from the Show File command looks something like this:

6-22

Using FileView

$USEHS [JONES. STAFF]@ALAH!E@ LiS;1

JOHES]

File ID: (10995,242,1)

Gmamd 19-Am~1m 50 07
Hfiflm mmmnmmo 09:50:26.81 (2)

ion: Sequential

0, Global buffer count:0
Allocation: 3, Extend:

Puaanfibutw

No varamn limit

Record W algmnigm maximum 51b
urn carriage con!
Gamma
Record
RMS attributes:

mpmtggt

Nom

stem:AWED, Owner:RWED,G

Access Cnirlum%

rou

RW, World:

’Il‘otai of 1 file, 1/3 blocks.

| Stop Task

{1 Hold

Dismiss

ZK-0671A-GE

Purging Files
Compare

Copy

Delete

Edit

Rename
Run

Show File
Submit

- Type

You acquire another version of a file each time you modify it.
These versions take up a great deal of space on your disk. If
you find yourself with multiple versions of a file, you can delete
all older versions by using the Purge command. Purging your
directory makes room on your disk for other files.
By default, the file list displays only the highest version of each
file. If you have not changed this setting, you can purge your
entire directory in one operation by selecting all the files. If your
file list displays all versions of your files, you must select only the
highest versions of each file for purging.
To purge one or more files:
1

Select the files you want to purge.

Choose the Purge command from the Files menu.

Using FileView

6-23

—

FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView — Purge

Files:

| $USERS: [JONES . SCHEDULES] HOLIDAYS . LIS; 5}

[] Show Log

[] Erase Storage

[] Request Confirmation

[] Hide This Dialog
SO

Keep Versions

—

ZK-0673A-GE

To perform a simple purge operation, click on OK.

To alter the way a purge operation is performed, choose any of
the following options and click on OK:
T —

Enable this option

Show Log

Display the file specifications of each file
as it is deleted.

Request Confirmation

Display a prompt asking whether the file
should be purged.

Erase Storage

Erase the selected files from your disk so
that the purged data no longer physically

D55,

exists.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Purge dialog box the next time you choose
the Purge command.

Keep Versions

Retain the specified number of versions
(starting with the highest) of each file.
Unless you specify otherwise, all but the
latest versions of the specified files are
deleted. Use the Keep Versions slider to
keep more than the highest version of
each file.

RIS

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that

the files are being purged. Once the files are purged, the status
message disappears.
If you choose the Purge command without first selecting the file,
you are prompted to enter the name of the file you want to purge.

6-24

Using FileView

To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want

purged, choose the Purge command without first selecting any
files. In the following example, choosing the Purge command and
entering the file specification as shown purges all files with the
letter L in their file name and a file type of COM.
Files:

*L* . .COM

Deleting Files
By deleting the files you no longer need, you make room on your
disk for other files. You delete files by using the Delete command
from the Files menu.
You can also delete a subdirectory if it contains no files. See

Deleting a Subdirectory for more information.
To delete one or more files:
Run

Search
Show File

Submit

Select the files you want to delete.

Choose the Delete command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.

Type

FileView — Delete

Files:

| $USERS: [JONES.STAFF] COMPLAINTS.OLD;
4}
[] Show Log

[ Erase Storage

[] Request Confirmation

[] Hide This Dialog

ZK-0675A-GE

To perform a simple delete operation, click on OK.
To alter the way a delete operation is performed, choose any of

the following options and click on OK:
Enable this option

Show Log

Display the file specification of each file
as it is deleted.

Request Confirmation

Display a prompt asking whether the file
should be deleted.

Using FileView

6-25

Enable this option

Erase Storage

Erase the selected files from your disk so
that the deleted data no longer physically
exists.

Hide This Dialog

Prevent FileView from displaying the
Delete dialog box the next time you
chooae the Delete command.

[

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the
files are being deleted. Once they are deleted, this status message

disappears.
If your file list does not include version numbers and you select a
file for deletion, FileView deletes all versions of the file.

To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want

deleted, choose the Delete command without first selecting any
files. In the following example, choosing the Delete command and

]

entering the file specifications as shown deletes all versions of the
files FORECAST1.DDIF, FORECAST2.DDIF, FORECAST3.DDIF.
The second and third file specifications use the file type of the first

input file. Note, however, that some form of version number (here
specified as wildcards) must be included in each file specification.
OO

FORECAST1 .DDIF; *, FORECAST2; *, FORECAST3; *

Printing Files

You can print a file by using the Print command. FileView
Compare

sends the file to a print queue, where it is entered as a job to

Copy

be printed. You can choose from a set of options to tailor your
printing task.

Delete
Edit

To send one or more files to a printer:

Purge

Rename
Run

Search
Show File

Select the files you want to print.

Choose the Print command from the Files menu.
0l

FileView displays a dialog box.

Submit
FileView - Print

Type

Files:

| $USERS: [JONES]DIRECTIONS.TXT }
[[] Show Queue Options

[] Hide This Dialog

ZK-0677A-GE

626

Using FileView

To print the selected file on SYS$PRINT, your default system
printer, click on OK.

To alter the way a print operation is performed, choose

the Show Queue Options button and click on OK. FileView
displays another print dialog box in which you can provide
additional information about how you want your file printed.

This information might include the print queue to which you
want your file sent and how many copies you want printed.

See Chapter 8 for a detailed description of these additional
print options.

To prevent FileView from displaying the Print dialog box the next

time you choose the Print command, click on the Hide This Dialog

button.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is open, FileView reports that
your print job has been sent to the printer. The Session Manager
displays a message when your job is printed.

To use wildcards in the file specifications of the files you want
to print, choose the Print command without first selecting any
files. In the following example, choosing the Print command

and entering the file specifications as shown submits the files
DIRECTIONS.TXT, CURRENCY.TXT and the highest versions of
all files with file type COM as a single print job.
Files:

DIRECTIONS.TXT, CURRENCY, * . COM

See Chapter 8 for more information about printing with your
Desktop-VMS software.

Submitting a Batch Job
Your system has one or more batch job queues. The Submit
command lets you submit a DCL command file to a batch queue
instead of executing the procedure interactively. The batch queue

executes the procedure automatically, leaving your terminal

window free for other work.

DCL command procedures are programs with the COM file type.

(Note that this is different from programs that have the EXE file
type, which you execute by choosing the Run command.)
Batch queues are similar to print queues. When you submit a job
to your system for batch processing, you are requesting a portion
of your system’s computing resources. If the batch queue is not

processing other jobs, your job begins executing right away; but, if
there are other jobs ahead of yours, your job must wait its turn in

the queue.

Using FileView

6~27

To submit a command procedure:

Choose the Submit command from the FileView Files menu.
The Submitting file dialog box appears.

2 In the File to submit text entry field, entevr the name of the

DCL command file.

(Click on the OK button.
[

A Work in Progress dialog box appears. It indicates when the job
has been submitted to a batch job queue.

To check on the progress of your job after you have submitted
it, use the FileView Status menu. Monitoring Print and Batch
Queues explains how to monitor your batch job.

Running Programs

_Files [
Compare

Copy
Delete

Edit

You execute a program by using the Run command. When you run
a program, you execute the machine instructions in the program
image. A program usually has an EXE file type. You can also use
the Run command to invoke a DCL command file, which has a
COM file type.

Print
Purge

To run a program:

Rename

| Run

Search
Show File

Select the file you want to run.

Choose the Run command from the Files menu.
FileView displays a dialog box.

Submit
Type

FileView - Run
—
e

Files:

| $USERS: [ JONES]DECW$CLOCK
. EXE |

Parameters: |
[[] Debug

[] Hide This Dialog
| Cancel

[

ZK-0679A-GE
BT,

To run a file, click on OK.

If you want to add a parameter to the Run command, enter
the parameter in the text field provided. If the file you want
to run is a DCL command file, these parameters will be passed
to it.

6~-28

Using FileView

To alter the way a file is run, choose any of the following
options and click on OK:
Enable this option
Debug

Hide This Dialog

To
Run the program under the control of the

VAX Debugger. To run an image without
the debugger that has been linked with
DEBUG, be sure this button is disabled.

Prevent FileView from displaying the

Run dialog box the next time you choose
the Run command.

Click on OK.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the
file is being run.

In the following example, choosing the Run command and
entering the file specification as shown executes the program
MORTGAGE.EXE.
Files:

[.SCHEDULES]MORTGAGE .EXE

Monitoring Print and Batch Queues
Earlier, this chapter described two kinds of queues—print queues

and batch queues—and how to submit jobs to them. This section

describes how to monitor the status of print queues by using the
PrinterView window, and the status of batch queues by using the
BatchView window.
Monitoring a print or batch queue can be useful. For example, you

can look at a queue to see whether it is available and operating
normally before you submit your job. If it is not, you can delay
submitting your job or submit the job to a different queue, if one
is available.
You can also check on the progress of your job after you submit it

to see if it appears to be executing normally.

Invoking the Status Windows
Status |
Users

To invoke the PrinterView or BatchView window, choose either
one from FileView’s menu bar.

| Printers
Batch

Using FileView

6-29

The PrinterView and BatchView windows look like this:
A

Help
A,

Entries:

©--1--|

sprINTER
1

$PRINTER 2

Update

-1+ 0O

6
G

$PRINTER
3

O
Job

Queue

User

CGROUP

EMRGSWOFFICE

KOSKI

DECWSPRINTSCREEN

~ MARCS OFFICE

DECWSPRINTSCREEN

KOSKI

203

Pending

MRCS__OFFICE

KOSKI

316

Pending

Size

Status
Pending
| -©

ZK—;-OBE'QA--GE
BatchView — *

@ --|-- Control

@ --}-- Queue

Status

Sort

&
]

Help

f*
Entries:

©--1--

JE— s
o 4|

WHYME$BATCH

CANTO$BATCH

Update

[{----------

}

NH4CL$BATCH

O
Job

Queue

DECWSCALENDAR

APPS

DECWSWINMGR
DECWSMATIL

User
NOZELL

APPS

NOZELL

APPS

NOZELL

Status
Executing

Executing
Executing

ZK-0824A-GE

6-30

Using FileView

The PrinterView and BatchView windows contain the following
fields:

Menu bar—Lets you change the display, stop (halt) jobs, and
exit from the window.

Queue text entry field—Lets you select a queue by entering its
name here. The window displays jobs in the selected queue.

Queue list box—Lists the queues in your cluster and lets you
select one or more queues. The window displays jobs in the
selected queues.

Update button—Replaces the existing display with a new,
current list of the jobs you are monitoring. When you change
a selection, the display is not modified until you click on the
Update button.

Entries—Shows the total number of jobs displayed.

Total size—Shows the number of file blocks (512 byte units) of
the print jobs displayed.

Total CPU—Shows the maximum CPU time (processing time)
that the selected batch queue can spend processing all of its
current jobs. This is determined by the CPU limit set on each
batch job when it is submitted. If no limits have been set for
any batch job, the Total CPU limit is given as "None".

Display area—Displays a list of the jobs that are in the
selected queues.

Using FileView

6-31

Stopping a Print or Batch Job
To stop a job in the PrinterView or BatchView display:
Control

Display...

| Delete selected|
Exit

Select the print or batch job you want to stop in the window’s
display area.
Y,

-2

Choose the Delete Selected menu item from the Control menu.

If you decide not to stop it, choose the Select None menu item,
instead, to cancel your selection.

Modifying the Status Window Displays
The queue list box in the PrinterView or BatchView window
shows all the queues in your cluster and indicates which ones
are selected for display. When you invoke a Status window, the
asterisk wildcard (*) is initially highlighted. This indicates that

ORI

all the print or batch jobs running in your cluster are displayed.

Changing the Queue Selection
You can change the processes
displayed in any Status window by selecting another queue in
the queue list box. If you select a single queue in the BatchView
queue list box, only the jobs running or waiting in that queue are
displayed:

WHYMESBATCH

CANTOS$BATCH
NH4CL$BATCH

O
ZK-0834A-GE

Notice that when you change your selection, the list of jobs in the

display area does not change automatically. Click on the Update
button to update the display.

SO,

6-32

Using FileView

Changing the Display ltems By default, the display lists only a
few job characteristics. However, each of the Status windows can
display additional characteristics.

Both the PrinterView and BatchView windows show the following
job characteristics:

Job—The job name

s User name—The user who submitted the job (If the system
initiated the job, the user is "System")

}

Delete selected

Exit

Queue name—The queue in which the job is executing or
(waiting to be executed)

Job status—The job is either executing or pending waiting

To see the additional display items that are available for either
Status window, choose the Display... menu item from the Control
menu. A Display Items Selection dialog box appears, as in the

Control

| [Display...

following example:

. Display items Selection

[0 Entry number

Job GFU Limit

ply

l Dismiss I
ZK-0694A-GE

‘The Display Items Selection box indicates the job characteristics

that are enabled for display. To enable a new option, click on the
button beside its name. The setting is enabled when its button is
highlighted.

To update the main window display, click on the Display window’s
Apply button.

Click on the Dismiss button to get rid of the Display Items
Selection box.

The OK button combines the action of the Apply button and the
Dismiss button—the display is updated and the Display Items
Selection box disappears.

Using FileView

6-33

Sort

@ By User name

By Queue name
-—-Ascending——
Job Priority

Job CPU Limit
--Descending——
Job Priority

Job CPU Limit

Changing the Sort Order By default, the PrinterView and
BatchView windows list jobs by job name, in alphabetical order.

You can change this order in any Status window by choosing
another sort order from the window’s Sort menu.
-

Monitoring System Processes
You may have noticed that the Status menu contains one other
choice besides PrinterView and BatchView: the UserView window
lets you monitor other kinds of activities in your cluster.
While you can invoke the UserView window through the Status
menu, it is probably of limited use to you—it is primarily a tool to
help the system manager check on the system’s performance.

Accessing Files and Applications Quickly

TSRO

[

To make your FileView sessions more efficient, FileView provides
you with two shortcuts to access files and applications quickly:
pop-up menus and double-click command definitions.

Using Pop-Up Menus to Execute Commands
~ You probably execute the same few commands on a specific file
type. For example, you might edit, type, or copy a TXT file, but
you would never run it. To help you perform file tasks more
quickly, each file type has a corresponding pop-up menu that
contains the commands you are most likely to use on that kind of

‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘

file.

To see the contents of a pop-up menu for a specific file type,
press and hold MB2 on a file name in your file list. Choose the
command you want to execute on that file. The next time you
display this pop-up menu, the command you last chose will be
positioned under the pointer.

If you don’t like the pop-up menu defined for a specific file type,
you can change it. See Chapter 7 for information about changing
the contents of a file type pop-up menu.

Using Double-Click Commands
FileView executes a predefined command when you double click
on some file types. By using double-click commands, you can start
file tasks quickly. For example, double clicking on a CARD file
opens the Cardfiler. Double clicking on an EXE file executes the
Run command on that file.

To see the double-click command defined for a specific file type:
1

6-34

Using FileView

Choose the File Types... menu item from the Customize menu.

-y

FileView displays the File Types dialog box, described in detail
in Chapter 7.

Click on a file type in the File Types list box.
The double-click command defined for that file type is
displayed below the File Types list box.

If you don’t like the double-click command defined for a specific
file type, you can change it. See Chapter 7 for information about
changing a double-click command definition.

Working with Directories
To access files on your system, you need to know how to work with
and navigate directory structures. Because directories are stored
on devices, you also need to know how to work with devices other
than your default device.
You can access your own and other directory structures that have
been set up to allow public access. See your system manager for a
list of public directories to which you have access.
With FileView, you can perform the following device and directory

operations:

a Create a directory
m

Delete a directory

Navigate a directory structure

Change directories

Change devices

Search a directory structure with wildcards

Creating a Directory

Backup

Restore
Create Directory
DCL Command

You can do all your work—including using files and running
applications—in your top level directory and never move from it.
However, by creating and using subdirectories, you can organize
your files into convenient groups.
To create a directory:

Choose the Create Directory menu item from the Utilities
menu.

Using FileView

6-35

FileView displays a dialog box.
Create Directory

Directory:

|}
S

ZK-0479A-GE

Enter the name of the directory you want to create.
For example, to create a subdirectory from [JONES]
with the directory specification [JONES.TRAVEL], type

TRAVEL. To create a subdirectory from [JONES] with the
directory specification [JONES. TRAVEL.MILEAGE], type

—

TRAVEL.MILEAGE.
3

Click on OK.

Deleting a Subdirectory
Before you attempt to delete a subdirectory file, you must
confirm that it contains no files. Select the subdirectory from

the navigation list box. If the subdirectory contains files, delete
them. To delete the empty subdirectory file:

In the navigation list box, click on the [-] wildcard to move up
one level in the directory structure.

Select the subdirectory file you want to delete from the file
list.

RS,

The subdirectory file has a file type of DIR.

Choose the Delete menu item from the Files menu.

ORI

FileView displays a dialog box described in Deleting Files.

Click on OK.
O

If the subdirectory is empty, FileView displays another
dialog box asking you to confirm that you want to delete the

subdirectory file.
5

Click on OK.

If the Work in Progress dialog box is displayed, it reports that the
subdirectory file is being deleted.

6-36

Using FileView

If the subdirectory is not empty, a Task Output window opens,
reporting that your subdirectory contains files and was not

deleted. If you still want to delete the subdirectory file, delete the

files it contains.

|
O|

[.Ma1L)

[-SCHEDULES]

Navigating a Directory Structure
If you have subdirectories, FileView displays a navigation list

box that lets you move up and down your directory structure and
easily access your subdirectories and the files they contain. By

setting default to another directory, you change the current
directory. The current device and directory are displayed in the
title bar and in FileView’s icon in the Icon Box.
You can navigate your directory structure in one or in many

windows. Keeping multiple FileView windows open provides you
with different views of your directory structure, which makes for
quick file access.
Any files created as a result of file operations you perform are

placed in the current directory. The current directory remains

in effect until you set default to another directory or end your
session.

To list the contents of a subdirectory in the current FileView

window, select the subdirectory to which you want to move from

‘i

the navigation list box.

FileView appends the subdirectory name to the directory name in
the Directory field and in the title bar and displays the contents of

that subdirectory in the current file list.

If additional subdirectories are stored underneath this
subdirectory, you can continue descending the directory structure,
either in the current FileView window or in a new FileView
window by selecting another subdirectory. You can move up in the
directory structure one level at a time by selecting the hyphen in
brackets ([-]).

To list the contents of a subdirectory in a new FileView window
without changing your current directory:

—

Point to the subdirectory whose contents you want to list.

Press and hold the

key and click MB1.

—

FileView lists the contents of that directory in a new FileView

window. The current file list does not change.

Using FileView

6~37

If you are using an account with System Manager privileges,
you can access other top level directories or files and directories
on other devices or systems. If your account does not have
System Manager privileges, then it is your system manager’s
responsibility to decide which top-level directories you can access.

Often these directories are shared by more than one user and are
called “public” directories. For a list of the directories that are

available to you, see your system manager.
To access another top level directory:

Edit the text in the Default field or delete the text in that field
by placing the pointer there and double clicking MB1.

[

Enter the name of the new directory whose contents you want
to list.

Click on the Apply button to update the file list and to display
the files in the new directory.
S

Searching a Directory Structure with Search
Wildcards

From any point in a directory structure, you can search a
subdirectory in that structure or another directory by using

the ellipsis ( ... ) or hyphen (-) wildcard characters.
You do not have to change directories to search the contents of

another directory. By entering a full file specification (including
a directory and device name, if appropriate) in the File Filter
text field, you can simply search the contents of that directory
without changing directories. Any output produced by a FileView
command continues to be directed to your current directory.
Using the Ellipsis ( ... ) Wildcard

Use the ellipsis wildcard to

search down the directory structure. You can list the contents
of directories or search for one file in a directory. Using the
ellipsis wildcard allows you to conduct a broad search of an entire
directory structure.

The following example shows how to use the ellipsis to list the
contents of the subdirectories under [JONES]. Notice that the

current directory is not changed.
File Filter:

Directory:

[JONES...]

$USERS: [JQNES STAFF]
RS

6-38

Using FileView

The following example lists the latest versions of all files named
DIRECTIONS.TXT in [JONES] and all subdirectories under

[JONES].

File Filter:
Directory:

[JONES...]DIRECTIONS.TX®#

S$USERS:[JONES.STAFF]

If you begin the directory specification with an ellipsis, the search

begins from the current directory. This example searches all
subdirectories under [JONES] named PROJECT and lists the
latest versions of all files named SALARIES.LIS.
File Filter: [...PROJECT]SALARIES.LIS

Directory:

$USERS [JONES]

In the following example, the current directory is [JONES]. This

example searches [JONES] and all subdirectories under [JONES]
and lists the latest versions of all files named HOLIDAYS.LIS.
File Filter:
‘Directory:

[...]HOLIDAYS.LIS

$USER8*[JONES]

However, if you begin the directory specification with a period,
only the subdirectory thatis one level lowerin the directory

structure than the current directoryis searched. In the following

example, the current directory is [JONES]. This example searches
only the [JONES.LETTERS] subdirectory for the file OFFER.TXT,

and not [JONES.STAFF.LETTERS].
File Filter:

Directory:

[-]

[ LETTERS]OFFER.TXT

$USERS: [JONES]

Using the Hyphen (-) Wildcard When you learned how to
navigate a directory structure, you saw how to use the hyphen
wildcard to move up the directory structure one level at a time.

By using the hyphen wildcard in a file specification in the File
Filter text field, you can list the contents of a directory or search

for a file within a directory structure. Each hyphen refers to the

directory one level up from the current one. You can follow the
hyphens with directory and subdirectory names to move up and
then down the directory structure on another path.

Unlike the ellipsis wildcard, the hyphen wildcard limits your
search to one level of the directory structure at a time.

The following example lists the contents of $USERS:[JONES]
while the current directory remains [JONES.STAFF].
File Filter:
Directory:

[-]

$USERS: [JONES.STAFF]

Using FileView

6-39

The current directory is [JONES.SCHEDULES] in the following
example. This example lists the latest version of FUNDING.TXT

in [JONES.STAFF]:

File Filter:

[-.STAFF]FUNDING.TXT

Directory: $USERS: [JONES.SCHEDULES]

You can specify more than one hyphen. The following example
displays the contents of the directory [JONES], which is two levels
up in the directory hierarchy, while the current directory remains

[JONES.SCHEDULES.CURRENT].

File Filter:

[--]

Directory: SUSERS : [JONES . SCHEDULES . CURRENT ]

If you enter so many hyphens that you point above the master file
directory (MFD), FileView displays an error message.

New View
Layout...

Privileges...

Menu Bar...
Logical Names...

in Progress...
Work
Quit

Using Logical Names
A logical name usually represents a complete or partial file
specification, a device name, or another logical name. You can
give frequently used files, directories, and devices meaningful
logical names that are easier to remember and type than the full
file specifications. For example, you can define WORK as a logical
name for your device DUAO, or STAFF as a logical name for the
file specification $USERS:[JONES.STAFF].

Logical names also let you keep your programs and command
procedures independent of physical file specifications. For
example, if a command procedure references the logical name
ACCOUNTS, you can equate ACCOUNTS to any file on any disk
before executing the command procedure.

Logical names can be defined by you or by the system. Logical
names and their definitions are kept in tables called logical
name tables. VMS provides the following logical name tables:

s The job table, which contains logical names available to all
your processes and subprocesses.

s Your group table, which contains logical names available to all
users with the same group name.

s The system table, which contains logical names available to
all users on the system.

You can also create your own logical name table that is private to

your process or shareable by others.

ORI

6-40

Using FileView

When you enter a logical name as part of a command line, the
system translates the logical name. It does this by searching the

job, group, system, and any other logical name tables specified by
the logical name LNM$FILE_DEV. (LNM$FILE_DEYV is a special
system logical name defined in the LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY
table. It specifies the search order that FileView and all other
VMS components use to translate logical names.)
You can specify that a logical name be defined as concealed. You

can conceal logical names that refer to devices or directories.
When you assign a logical name to a device, concealing the logical

name allows you to write programs and command procedures and
perform other operations without being concerned about which
physical device actually holds the disk or tape.
When you assign a logical name to a directory or subdirectory,

concealing the logical name can make the directory or subdirectory
appear as the master file directory for the current device. This
directory or subdirectory to which you assign a concealed logical
name is called the root directory. You can then use this root
directory as the base from which to access directories beneath
it. For example, the top level directory [JONES] on device
DUAUO contains a subdirectory [JONES.STAFF]. If you assign the
logical name ME to DUAO:[JONES.], you can then refer to the
subdirectory [JONES.STAFF] by typing ME:[STAFF].
Defining Logical Names

Choose the Logical Names... menu item from the Control
menu.

FileView displays a dialog box.
FileView - Logical Names

Logical Names

Definition:

QIR

To define a logical name from FileView:

|
Show
| From Table: ® AnyO Job O Group
O SystemO Other:

I
inTable:

@ Job O Group
O SystemO Other:

[] Conceal Translation

ZK-0476A-GE

Using FileView

6-41

Enter the logical name in the Name field.

Enter the definition you want to assign to the logical name in

the Definition field.

For example, define the logical name STAFF with the file

specification $USERS:[JONES.STAFF].

To define the logical name as concealed, click on the Conceal
Translation toggle button.

Click on Define to add the logical name to your job logical
name table.

Click on another option button to add the logical name to
another table. To add the logical name to another logical
name table, click on the Other option button, enter the name
of the logical name table, and click on Define.

Displaying a Logical Name Definition To display a logical name
definition and the name of the logical name table in which it is
stored:
1

In the Name field, enter the logical name whose definition you

want to display.

If you do not know the logical name table in which the logical
name is stored, click on the Any button next to the From Table
label. Click on the Job, Group, or System buttons if you want
to see the definition in a specific table. Click on the Other
button and enter the name of the logical name in the text field
provided to display a logical name definition from another
table.

Click on Show.
FileView displays the definition and the name of the logical
name table in which it is stored.

If the Any option is selected, FileView searches through the logical
name tables specified by the logical name LNM$FILE_DEV. If the
logical name exists in more than one logical name table, FileView
displays the logical name definition and the name of the logical
name table in which the definition was first encountered.

6-42

Using FileView

Deleting a Logical Name

To delete a logical name definition:

In the Name field, enter the logical name you want to delete.

Click on Deassign.

FileView deletes the logical name definition.

If the Any option is selected and the logical name definition is not
found in any logical name table, FileView reports that the logical
name is not defined.

Changlng the Look of Your File List
New View

When you first start your Desktop-VMS system, your file list
contains the following information about every filein your current

Layout...

directory:

Control
|

Privileges...

Menu Bar...

Logical Names...
Work in Progress...

Quit

The file name

The file type

You can change the way the files in your current and subsequent
file list are listed. You might want to list each file by its size or
the date it was created, or change the order in which the files are
listed.

To change the way files are listed, choose the Layout... menu item
from FileView’s Control menu. FileView displays a dialog box:

Using FileView

6-43

[

FileView - Laym‘,j‘t

Fields

Order

[] Node

@ Unsorted
O By Name

[] Device
[] Directory

Type
[] Version

[] Size Used

[] Size Allocated
[] Create Date

[] Modify Date

[] Backup Date
[] Expire Date
[] File Owner

[] Protection

[] File ID Number

O By Type
---Ascending——-

O Size Used
O Size Allocated
O Create Date
O Modify Date
O Backup Date
O Expire Date

-——Descending—-O Size Used
O Size Allocated
O Create Date
O Modify Date
O Backup Date
O Expire Date
O

Versions

@ Show Highest Version

(O Show All Versions
A

3 W}Wg? E
ZK-0485A-GE

The settings in the Layout dialog box are divided into two groups.
Some settings are preset and are already in effect. When you
choose a setting from the Layout dialog box, it affects every
subsequent file list until you change the setting again. By keeping
the Layout dialog box open, you can quickly change the settings.

The following sections describe the settings you can change. Once
you finish working with the Layout dialog box, you need to save
your changes.
Choose

To
R

OK
Apply

6-44

Using FileView

Record new settings and dismiss the dialog
box.

Record new settings without dismissing the

dialog box.

Reset

Redisplay the current settings if you changed

Cancel

Dismiss the dialog box without changing any

settings without applying them.
settings.

Changing the Fields in Your File List
—
.

By using the toggle buttons in the Fields column, you can display
the following information about each file in your file list:
s

The Node field displays the node name of a file not on your
node.

The Device field displays the device on which the file is stored.

The Directory field displays the directory in which the file is’

.
stored.

s The Type field displays the file type of the file.

m——

The Version field displays the version number of the file.

The Size Used field displays the size, in blocks, of the file.

The Size Allocated field displays the size, in blocks, allocated
to the file.

The Create Date field displays the date and time the file was
created.

| P

s The Modify Date field displays the date and time the file was

last modified.

| -

s The Backup Date field displays the date and time at which the
file was last backed up.

The Expiration Date field displays the date on which the file

expires.
s

The File Owner field displays the owner, in numeric or textual
format, of the file.

The Protection field displays the protection settings for the
file.

The File ID field displays the unique file identification for the
file.

Notice that the Type toggle button under the Fields column
as well as the Show Highest Version option button are preset.
The file list you have been seeing all along reflects these preset
options. Even though you do not see each file’s version number,
only the highest version of each file in your current directory is
displayed.

To display all versions of the files in your current directory, click
on the Show All Versions option button. Each file specification

then includes its corresponding version number.

Using FileView

6-45

If you want to work with files on other nodes, include the node
name of the file in the File Filter field and click on the Node
option button.

Changing the File Order in Your File List

[

Unless you specify otherwise, the files in your file list are listed

in the order in which they appear in the directory structure. This
order is alphabetical unless your file list includes files from more
than one directory. Click on the By Name toggle button under
the Order column to list the files alphabetically even if multiple
directories are shown. Click on the By Type toggle button to list

the files alphabetically by file type. You can choose only one option
from the Order column at a time.
You can also click on any one of the option buttons under the
Ascending or Descending groups to list your files in high to low or
low to high order according to one of the following options:
s

The Size Used option sorts files in the file list by blocks used.

The Size Allocated option sorts files in the file list by the
blocks allocated to the file.
|

The Create Date option sorts files in the file list by the date

and time each file was created.

The Modify Date option sorts files in the file list by the date

and time each file was most recently changed.
=

The Backup Date option sorts files in the file list by the date

and time each file was most recently backed up.
=

The Expire Date option sorts files in the file list by their
expiration date.

Displaying a Partial File List
Sometimes you want to screen some files out of the full file list
and display only a subset of files. Perhaps you want to display
only those files with a LOG file type or whose version number
is 1. By using the File Filter field, you can limit the list of files
displayed.

To display a partial file list:
1

Click on the File Filter text field in the FileView window.

Type the file or files you want listed.
For example, to list all LOG files in your current directory,
type *.LOG. When you use the asterisk wildcard, FileView
lists only the files that match the characters you specified.

6-46

Using FileView

[

Click on Apply.

You can specify a search list in the File Filter field. A search list
is a logical name that has more than one equivalence name. It
provides FileView with a list of places to look for a file. If you use
a search list in the File Filter, the file list automatically displays
the directory in which the file is located.

Saving a View
Customize

—
Lo

W
Save View...

File Types...

\llj::v:n:imusm

Once FileView displays exactly the information you want, you

can save it as a custom view. As you know, the FileView window
is made up of several components, including the File Filter and

Directory fields, and t}m fields, su:ch as file version and create

date, you can display in your file list. You can save one, all, or any
combination of these components in a view that you can restore at
any time.

You can design a view by choosing different combinations of the
FileView components from the Save View dialog box.

| Save Viéw
Name of View: |i

The sawd view includes the following settings:
i File Filter

[ Privileges

[] Fields (Layout)

[] Order (Layout)

[] Versions (Layout)

ZK-0487A-GE

s Saving the File Filter preserves the text you specify in the
File Filter text field.

s Saving the Directory preserves the text you specify in the
Directory text field.
s Saving the Window Size preserves the size of the FileView
window on your screen.

s Saving the Window Position preserves the location of the
FileView window on your screen.

Using FileView

6-47

Saving the Menu Bar preserves any menu names you added
to the menu bar. This allows you to have different menu bars

for different tasks.

BRI,

See Chapter 7 for more information about adding menu names
to the menu bar.
s

Saving the Fields preserves the field settings—such as Create
Date and Size Used—you specify in the Layout dialog box.

Saving the Order preserves the order settings—such as

[

Unsorted or By Name—jyou specify in the Layout dialog box.
»

Saving the Versions preserves the version number settings—
either Show All Versions or Show Highest Version—you

specify in the Layout dialog box.

If you enable all the component settings and save the current
FileView display, your saved view will be a snapshot of that

FileView window. For example, you might want to save a view of
a subdirectory you frequently access. When you restore the view,

the current FileView display changes to reflect the components
of the view you saved. Because you saved every component,
the FileView window will change to display a view of that
subdirectory. By using a saved view in this way, you establish a

shortcut for ascending and descending the directory structure.

T ——

When you enable only some component settings and save the

current FileView display, only those components you specified are
saved. When you restore that saved view, only those components
you saved are changed; those components not saved are obtained

from the current FileView display. For example, you might always
want your FileView window in the upper left-hand corner of your

screen. By moving the FileView window to the upper left-hand
corner, enabling the window position setting in the Save View

dialog box, and saving it as a view called “Corner FileView”, you

save only one component from the current FileView. You can
continue to work with and change your FileView display. When

you restore the Corner FileView saved view, no information in
your current FileView display changes, but the FileView window

moves to the upper left-hand corner of your screen.

To save a view:
1

Display the view you want to save.

Choose the Save View... menu item from FileView’s Views

menu. FileView displays the Save View dialog box.

Enter the name of the view you want to save.

[

6-48

Using FileView

Give it a name meaningful to

ou, for exam 16, “Sales Project”
d)

or “C file sizes”.

4
5

Click on the components you want saved.
Click on OK or Apply.
The view is saved.

Several commonly used views have already been saved for you.

Pull down the Views menu to see the list of these built-in views.

Your login directory is one built-in view. Other built-in views save
selected components of the view, such as file size or file creation
date. As you save additional views, FileView adds them to this
list.

You can save the view you want to see whenever you start
FileView. For example, perhaps you want to display your
SCHEDULES subdirectory when you start FileView. To save a
startup view, tailor the FileView display as you want it saved.
Choose the Save Startup View menu item from FileView’s
Customize menu. You will see that FileView the next time you
start FileView.

You can supersede a saved view by saving another view under the
same name. To supersede a saved view:
1
2

Choose the Save View... menu item from the Customize menu.
In the Name of View text field, enter the name of the view you
want to supersede.

Give the new view exactly the same name as the view you
want to supersede, preserving the same uppercase and
lowercase letters.
3

Choose the components you want saved.

Click on OK.

The new view replaces the previous one.

Using FileView

6-49

Restoring a Saved View
When you restore a saved view, those components not saved are

{ Lgm Directory

| obtained from the current view. By saving only some components

of a view, such as the fields and order, you can quickly change the
look of your current FileView display.

Privileges : Disable

Privileges : Enable
Show : All Versions

Show : Brief

Show : Highest Version

Show : Size and Date
Startup
System Management

To restore a saved view in the current FileView window, choose
the saved view you want from FileView’s Views menu.
If you want to see the components and settings, including
privileges and file order, in effect in a saved view, open the
Layout, Privileges, or Save View dialog boxes and restore a saved
view. The settings in the open dialog boxes change dynamically
to reflect the settings in effect for that saved view. To change the
components of a saved view without changing the name, click on
new settings and click on Apply.

To restore a saved view in a new FileView window:
1

Press and hold [Shift].

Choose the view you want to restore from the Views menu.

The saved view is restored in a new FileView window.

Deleting a Saved View
Customize

- To delete a view you no longer need:

Save Startup View

Save View...

Unsave View...

Choose the Unsave View... menu item from FileView’s
Customize menu.

Verbs and Menus...

FileView displays a dialog box.

File Types...

FileView - Unsave View

Unsave View

| Memos
]|

IR,

Spreadsheet Menu Bar
Staff
Sysman privs

Click on views to remove them,
then click OK to save the changes.

OK |

I Reset |

l Cancel |
T

—

ZK-0490A-GE

6-50

Using FileView

Point to the view you want to delete and click MB1.

———

Click on OK.

The view is deleted. If you deleted a view that you had created to
supersede a built-in view, the original view is restored.

Opening a New FileView Window
New View
Layout...
Privileges...

Menu Bar...

Logical Names...

Work in Progress...

Quit

You can open a new FileView window that maintains the file
and directory context of the current FileView window. When
you choose the New View menu item from FileView’s Control
menu, FileView copies the display from the current FileView
window into the new window and updates it, leaving the current
FileView window in its original state. Any changes you made to

the current FileView window (such as deleting a file or changing

the information in the File Filter field) without applying them are
reflected in the new FileView window.
You can also open a new FileView window that reflects changes
you make to the File Filter or Directory fields in the current
FileView display. To open a new FileView window:
1

Edit the File Filter or Directory fields to reflect the
information you want displayed in the new FileView window.

Choose the New View menu item from the Control menu.

Do not click on the Apply button.

A new FileView window is opened that reflects the new file and
directory information you specified. The File Filter and Directory
fields in the current FileView window are reset to the original
text.

You can also work with files in different FileView windows. This
means that you can select a file in one FileView window and
choose a command from the Files menu in another FileView
window to be performed on that selected file. For example, you
can select a file in one window and choose the Copy command
from the Files menu in the other. The file is copied to the current
directory in the second FileView window. You can also select file
names from other applications and perform tasks with them. For
example, you can select a file name in a DECterm window and
choose the Type menu item from FileView’s Files menu to display
the file.

Using FileView

6-51

Executing a DCL Command
| Uilities [
Mount

Dismount

Intialize
Backup

Restore

Create Directory

| DCL Command

You can execute a DCL command directly from FileView by

choosing the DCL Command menu item from the Utilities menu.
FileView opens a window and displays the DCL prompt ($). Any
DCL command you enter is executed in the context of the current

directory.

If you want to close the Task Output window temporarily, click

on the Dismiss button. Although the window closes, you can

reopen it and use it to execute other DCL commands by choosing
the Work in Progress menu item from FileView’s Control menu.
Select the DCL Command task in the Work in Progress dialog
box. The Task Output window in which you earlier executed the
DCL command opens.
By continuing to choose the DCL Command menu item from

FileView’s Utilities menu, you create additional Task Output
windows. You can close and reopen them as you wish.

ORS

ARSI

6-52

Using FileView

/
Customizing FileView

In Chapter 6, you learned how to create a custom view by saving
selected components, including the menu bar and the fields
displayed in your file list, in a saved view.
FileView provides additional ways for you to create a custom view.
For example, you can add menu names to the menu bar, design

an accompanying pull-down menu, build a pop-up menu, and

add commands to FileView’s Files menu. If you write your own

application, you can add it to FileView’s Applications menu and

invoke it as you would any other DECwindows application.
This chapter describes how to customize FileView.

Adding Verbs and Building Pull-Down Menus
Customize

Save Startup View
Save View...

Unsave View...

l Verbs and Menus...
File Types...

You can customize FileView’s Files, Utilities, Applications, and
Help menus by changing the menu items or verbs they contain.
Your FileView may also contain additional menus added by your
system manager. You can change the verbs on these additional
menus as well.

By displaying FileView’s Verbs and Menus dialog box, you can see

how a FileView pull-down menu is built and what happens when
you choose a verb from a FileView menu. Once you understand
how these menus work, you can modify them and the verbs they
contain.

To display the Verbs and Menus dialog box, choose the Verbs
and Menus... menu item from FileView’s Customize menu. The
Verbs and Menus dialog box is comprised of several sections: Verb
Names, Menu Names, Verbs in Menu, and DCL Command for
Selected Verb.

Customizing FileView

7-1

FileView - Verbs and Menus
S

Verb Names

Menu Names

Verbs in Menu

ya1 | Applications

&1}

|
|

Bookreader

Games
Help

Pro?ramming

Calculator
Calendar
Cardfiler

SRR,

Clock

DDIF Viewer
Mail

Utilities

lDowni

Add l

lflemcwel

[ up

|1
Enter I

I Deletel

[0 Sorted

Apphy §

l Reset I

| cancel |

ZK-0530A-GE

The Verb Names list box displays the verbs currently
defined, including those listed on FileView’s Files, Utilities,
Applications, and Help menus. Use this list box with the other
sections of the Verbs and Menus dialog box to add new verbs
to new or existing menus.

The Menu Names list box displays the FileView menu names
currently defined.
The Verbs in Menu list box displays the verbs on the selected
menu’s pull-down menu. (The selected menu appears in the
Menu Names list box.)

The DCL Command for Selected Verb text field displays
the DCL command or command file associated with the verb
currently selected in the Verb Names list box.
Once you finish working with the Verbs and Menus dialog box,
you need to save your changes:
Click on

Record new settings and dismiss the dialog box.

Apply

Record new settings without dismissing the
dialog box.

Reset

7-2

Customizing FileView

Redisplay the current settings if you changed
settings without applying them.

Click on

Cancel

To
Dismiss the dialog box without changing any
settings. If you made any changes without
applying them, clicking on the Cancel button
cancels those changes.

Adding a Verb to a Pull-Down Menu
Each verb on a FileView menu is associated with either a DCL

command or a command file comprised of DCL commands. When
you choose a verb from one of these menus, the corresponding

command or command file executes. For example, when you
choose the Clock verb from FileView’s Applications menu, FileView

executes the command file VUE$LIBRARY:VUE$CLOCK that
starts Clock.

You can add your own verbs to FileView’s Files, Utilities,
Applications, and Help menus and to any other FileView menu

that may have been added by your system manager. Like the
verbs already defined on FileView menus, any verb you add must
have a corresponding DCL command or command file. You can

add an existing DCL command, for example, Show Users or
Edit/Read, or add a new verb that executes a command file of your

own design.
Appendix B illustrates a sample command file. See the VMS

User’s Manual for more information about writing command files.
Before you add a verb, look at the verbs already defined in
FileView:

In the Menu Names list box, select the menu name whose
contents you want displayed.
The Verbs in Menu list box displays the verbs on the selected
menu.

Select each menu name in turn to display the corresponding
pull-down menu in the Verbs in Menu list box.

To add a verb to a FileView menu:
1

Click on the text field in the Verb Names list box.

Type the name of the verb you want to add exactly as you
want it to appear.
For example, type Show Users.

Click on the Enter button below the Verb Names list box.

Customizing FileView

7-3

In the DCL Command for Selected Verb text field, type the
DCL command you want associated with your new verb.
For example, type the command Show Users. If you want

your verb associated with a command file, type @COMMAND_
FILE_NAME.COM

C(Click on the Enter button below the DCL Command for

In the Menu Names list box, select the menu name to which

Selected Verb text field.

you want your new verb added.

For example, select the Utilities menu. The verbs currently on
that menu are displayed in the Verbs in Menu list box.
Click on the Add button below the Verbs in Menu list box to
add your new verb to the selected menu’s pull-down menu.
New verbs are added alphabetically if the Sorted button is
highlighted. New verbs appear in boldface to identify what

you have customized.

To move the verb within the list, click on the Up or Down
buttons.

Click on Apply or OK to see your change.

Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Enabling the Sorted setting ensures that the private

customization file created when you customize FileView is merged
with any other system or public customization files that FileView

your new definition with the public and system definitions for
that menu. A menu also becomes unsorted if you rearrange the

——

reads. If you disable the Sorted setting, FileView cannot merge
contents of a menu by using the Up or Down buttons.

See Sharing a Custom FileView for more information about how
FileView uses private, public, and system customization files.

Changing a Verb Definition
Each verb on a FileView menu has a corresponding DCL command

or command file that executes when you choose the verb from a
menu. You can, however, replace a verb’s current command
definition with a new command or command file that executes
a different series of commands. For example, when you choose
the Type verb from FileView’s Files menu, the command file
VUES$LIBRARY:VUESTYPE executes. By designing a new

command file and associating it with the Type verb, you can

7-4

Customizing FileView

execute a different series of commands when you choose Type
from the Files menu.

In the Verbs and Menus dialog box, you can see the name of
the DCL command file associated with a particular verb. When
you select the verb in the Verb Names list box, the associated
command file is displayed in the DCL Command for Selected Verb
text field. To change the DCL command file that executes when
a specific verb is chosen from a FileView menu, delete the name
of the current command file in the DCL. Command text field and
type the name of the new command file.

If you want to make changes to a built-in (that is, predefined)
FileView command file, you can use the command file for that
verb as a template. To modify a command file that executes
a built-in FileView command, copy the command file from the
VUES$LIBRARY directory and edit it. You can easily recognize
the contents of the command files by their file names. For
example, the FileView command file that executes the Type
command is named VUE$TYPE. Give your command file a name
that identifies the task it performs and a file type of COM, for
example, EDIT.COM. Do not delete the command files in the
VUES$LIBRARY directory that execute FileView’s built-in verbs.
Also, do not give your command file the same name as an existing
FileView command file.

If you delete your new verb definition, FileView once again uses
the original command file to execute the built-in verb.

Appendix B illustrates a sample command file. See the VMS
User’s Manual, which is available online, for more information
about writing command files.

Removing a Verb from a Pull-Down Menu
To remove a verb from a FileView pull-down menu:

In the Menu Names list box, select the menu name that

In the Verbs in Menu list box, select the verb you want to

contains the verb you want to remove.

remove.

(Click on the Remove button in the Verbs in Menu list box.
The verb is deleted from the list.

Click on Apply or OK to save your change.

Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Customizing FileView

7-5

—

Note that, when you remove a verb from a pull-down menu, you
create a copy of that menu in your private customization file.

Any subsequent changes made to the public customization file

(for example, an added pull-down menu) will not be reflected in
your private FileView. See Sharing a Custom FileView for more

AR5

information about how FileView uses private, public, and system
customization files.

Adding a Menu Name
You can create new menu names to which you can then add verbs.

To create a FileView menu name:

Click on the text field in the Menu Names list box.

Type the name of the menu you want to add exactly as you
want it to appear on the menu.

For example, type Personal.
[

——

Click on the Enter button below the Menu Names list box.
Add any verbs to this menu using the steps described in
Adding a Verb to a Pull-Down Menu.

Click on Apply or OK to see your change.
Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Adding or Removing Menu Names from FileView’s
Menu Bar
New View
Layout...

Privileges...
Menu Bar...
Logical Names...

Work in Progress...

Quit

Once you create a new menu, you need to add it to FileView’s
menu bar. You can also remove menus that you do not need. By
adding new menus to the existing menu bar, you can create a new
menu bar to use for all your FileView tasks.
To add or remove menu names from FileView’s menu bar:
1

Choose the Menu Bar... menu item from FileView’s Control
menu.

FileView displays the Menu Bar dialog box.

7-6

Customizing FileView

FileView - Meu Bar

‘

Menu Bar

enmsio

to add them to the menu bar.

Click on these menu names to
remove them from the menu bar.

Click on these menu names

| Games
Programming

| Files

Utilities

_OK

Applications

Help

Appiy || Reset || Cancel|
ZK-0533A-GE

Existing menu names appear in the menu bar facsimile on the
right. New menu names appear in the list box on the left.

Click on the menu name you want added to or deleted from
FileView’s menu bar.

Once you finish working with the Menu Bar dialog box, you need
to put your changes into effect:

Click on

Record new settings and dismiss the dialog box.

Apply

Record new settings without dismissing the
dialog box.

Reset

Redisplay the current settings if you changed
settings without applying them.

Cancel

Dismiss the dialog box without changing any
settings. If you made any changes without
applying them, clicking on the Cancel button
cancels those changes.

Any changes you make to the menu bar affect the current

FileView window only. If you want different menu bars for
different tasks, for example, one for system management tasks
and another for text processing tasks, you can create multiple
menu bars and save them as views as described in Chapter 6.

Customizing FileView

7-7

Building Pop-Up Menus and Defining Double Click
Commands

In Chapter 6, you learned that FileView provides pop-up menus
Save Startup View

and double-click command definitions to make it easier for you

Save View...

to work with files. From the File Types dialog box, you can

Unsave View...

modify the pop-up menus and double-click command definitions

Verbs and Menus...

| File Types...

associated with each file type.

——

To display the File Types dialog box, choose the File Types...

item from FileView’s Customize menu. The File Types dialog box
1s comprised of several sections: File Types, Verb Names, Pop-Up

Menu, and Double-Click for Selected File Type.
FileView - File Types

File Types

Verb Names

-l

IEEE] Avout

B32

Bookreader

Pop-up Menu

JREE

Calculator

]| g;as
paT

Clock

S| For

o] Copy

Edit

C“c:‘onsne f‘e ;?:lt? name
‘

&?fi File

ggmm&aléfi

Comy

Copy

Add

[ Down I

[R‘emovel

¥ Sorted

Double Click for Selected File Type is:

| Change|

Show File

Ay %

B Reset I

| cancel|

ZK-0531A-GE

The File Types list box displays the file types for which

double-click verbs and pop-up menus are currently defined.
Use this list box with the Double-Click Verb and Verb Names

list boxes to change the command executed when you double
click on a specific file type in your file list.
Use the File Types, Verb Names, and Pop-Up Menu list boxes
to modify the contents of the pop-up menus defined for each

file type.

m The Verb Names list box displays the verbs currently defined
in FileView.

The Double-Click Command list box displays the verb that

executes when you double click on a file of the selected type.

7-8

Customizing FileView

DO,

[

Once you finish working with the File Types dialog box, you need
to save your changes.
Click on

Record new settings and dismiss the dialog box.

Apply

Record new settings without dismissing the

dialog box.
Reset

Redisplay the current settings if you changed
settings without applying them.

Cancel
|

Dismiss the dialog box without changing any
settings. If you made any changes without
applying them, clicking on the Cancel button
cancels those changes.

Adding a Verb to a Pop-Up Menu
In Chapter 6, you learned that each file type has a corresponding
pop-up menu that contains the commands you are most likely to

use with that kind of file. When you press and hold MB2 on any
file name, FileView displays the pop-up menu defined for that file
type.

From the File Types dialog box, you can tailor an existing pop-up
menu by changing the verbs it contains. First, look at what

FileView’s pop-up menus already contain:
1

Select the * file type in the File Types list box. (The asterisk
refers to all file types not specifically listed in the File Types

list box, for example, DDIF, ANL, and SDML files. If you
press MB2 over a file in your file list for which no pop-up

menu is defined, the pop-up menu defined for * is used.)
FileView displays the corresponding pop-up menu in the
Pop-Up Menu list box.

In turn, select each file type in the File Types list box.
As you select a file type, its corresponding pop-up menu is
displayed in the Pop-Up Menu list box.

To add a verb to a FileView pop-up menu:
1

In the File Types list box, select the file type whose
corresponding pop-up menu you want to change.

In the Verb Names list box, select the verb you want to add to
the pop-up menu.

Click on the Add button below the Pop-Up Menu list box.

Customizing FileView

7-9

The verb is added to the Pop-Up Menu list box. New verbs are
added alphabetically if the Sorted button is highlighted. The
verbs you add always appear in boldface to identify what you

have customized.

To move the verb within the list, click on the Up or Down

buttons.

Click on Apply or OK to see your change.
Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Enabling the Sorted setting ensures that the private

customization file created when you customize FileView is merged

with any other system or public customization files that FileView

reads. If you disable the Sorted setting, FileView cannot merge
your new definition with the public and system definitions for

that menu. This means that you would not see any changes, for

example, a new pull-down menu, made to a public customization
file. A menu also becomes unsorted if you rearrange the contents
of a menu by using the Up or Down buttons.
See Sharing a Custom FileView for more information about how

FileView uses private, public, and system customization files.

Removing a Verb from a Pop-Up Menu
To remove a verb from a FileView pop-up menu:

In the File Types list box, select the file type whose

corresponding pop-up menu you want to change.

In the Pop-Up Menu list box, select the verb you want to
remove.

Click on the Remove button below the Pop-Up Menu list box.
The verb is removed from the list.

Click on Apply or OK to see your change.

Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Note that, when you remove a verb from a pop-up menu, you

create a copy of that menu in your private customization file. Any
subsequent changes made to the public customization file will

not be reflected in your private FileView. See Sharing a Custom
FileView for more information about how FileView uses private,

public, and system customization files.

—

7-10

Customizing FileView

Changing a Double-Click Verb Definition
In Chapter 6, you learned that FileView executes a predefined

command when you double click on a specific file type. In the File
Types dialog box, you can replace the double-click verb currently

defined for a file type with a different verb and execute a different
command.

First look at the double-click verb currently defined for each file
type:

]

Select the * file type in the File Types list box. (The asterisk
refers to all file types not specifically listed in the File Types

list box, for example, DDIF, ANL, and SDML files. If you
double click on a file type in your file list for which no doubleclick verb is defined, the double-click verb defined for * is
used.)
The corresponding double-click verb is displayed below the
File Types list box.

Select each file type in turn to see its corresponding doubleclick verb.

As you select a file type, its corresponding double-click verb is
displayed.
To change the double-click verb defined for a file type:

In the File Types list box, select the file type whose
corresponding double-click verb you want to change.

In the Verb Names list, select the verb with which you want to
replace the current double-click verb.
Click on the Change button.
The double-click verb definition is changed. The file types

whose double-click definitions you have changed always
appear boldface to identify what you have customized.
Click on Apply or OK to see your change.
Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Customizing FileView

7-11

Adding and Removing a File Type
You can build a pop-up menu for a new file type or associate a

double-click verb with a file type not listed in the File Types list
box, or you can remove a file type you added but no longer need.
To add a file type to the File Types list box:

Type the file type, for example, DDIF, that you want to add to
the list.

Click on the Enter button.

The file type is added to the list. The file types you add always
appear in boldface to identify what you have customized.

Add verbs to the new file type’s pop-up menu as described
in Adding a Verb to a Pop-Up Menu. Or, define a doubleclick verb for the new file type as described in Changing a
Double-Click Verb Definition.
T

Click on Apply or OK to see your change.

Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

To remove a file type you added but no 10nger need:
1

Select the file type in the File Types list box.

Click on the Delete button.

S—

The file type is deleted from the list.

Click on Apply or OK to save your change.

Or, click on Reset or Cancel to retain the original settings.

Sharing a Custom FileView
In Chapter 6 and in previous sections of this chapter, you
learned how to customize FileView and save views you use
frequently. When you customize FileView, you create a private

customization file that is read every time you start FileView.
But what if you want to share your custom FileView with other

users? For example, you may want/to share a custom pull-down

menu with others on your project. When several users share a
public customization file, they have access to a common custom
FileView that might include custom verbs or pull-down menus
defined for a group project.

The following sections describe how to create and manage private,
public, and system customization files.

7-12

Customizing FileView

Using Shared Customization Files
In order to create a FileView that contains every built-in definition
and the features you customized, FileView reads and merges
the contents of the customization files to create your FileView
environment. First, FileView reads the system customization
file. The system customization file, which is shipped with the
Desktop-VMS software, contains definitions that produce the
menu bar, verbs, and saved views you saw when you first started
FileView. Next, FileView reads the public customization files, if
any exist. The public customization file contains any definitions
that you share with other users, for example, a shared pull-down
menu. Finally, FileView reads your private customization file,
which contains your personal FileView definitions.
FileView locates your private customization file by using the

logical name VUE$PROFILE. You can equate this logical name
with a file specification to point to your private customization

file. If no translation is found, FileView uses the file specification

DECW$USER_DEFAULTS:VUE$PROFILE.VUE$DAT. This
normally translates to your SYS$LOGIN directory, but you can
redefine it to translate to any other directory.
When you rearrange the order of verbs on a menu in a public

customization file or remove a verb from it, you create a copy of

that menu in your private customization file. Because FileView
reads your private customization file last, any subsequent changes
made to the public customization file will not be reflected in
your private FileView. For example, if new verbs are added to a
FileView menu in the public customization file, you will not see
those additions. Your private customization file will override the
public file. Adding additional verbs to a sorted menu does not
make a private copy of the public menu definition.

Building Shared Customization Files
FileView reads your private customization file by translating the

logical name VUE$PROFILE. By redefining this logical name, you
can force FileView to build another file that contains customized

FileView components, such as new pop-up menus and saved views,
that you want to share with other users.
To build a public customization file that you can share:
1

In FileView’s Logical Name dialog box, redefine the logical

name VUE$PROFILE to point to a nonexistent file.

Customizing FileView

7-13

In the Logical Name dialog box, type VUE$PROFILE in
the Name text field, and the name of the customization file

you will create in the Definition text field. Give the public
customization file you will create a name that reflects its

contents. Give the file a file type of VUE$DAT. For example,
name the file that contains redefined verbs and a new menu

for text processing EDIT_PROFILE.VUE$DAT. This file
will hold the customized components you want to share, for

example, new verb definitions and new pop-up menus. Click
on the Define button to define the logical name. Make sure
that you define the logical name in the Job logical name table.

Click on Dismiss when you’re done.
2

Create a custom FileView by creating any new verbs, menu

names, pop-up menus, and including any saved views you
want to share.

When you click on the OK or Apply button in the Verbs and
Menus, File Types, or Save View dialog boxes, your customized
components are saved in the file to which the logical name
VUE$PROFILE now points.
3

Exit from FileView by choosing the Quit menu item from
FileView’s Control menu.

Place the file in the VUE$LIBRARY directory or in some other
public directory to which VUE$PUBLIC_PROFILE points.

Users who want to access the shared customization file can then

place a logical name definition for VUE$PUBLIC_PROFILE in
their login command file (LOGIN.COM). For example, to point
to the public customization file in a public directory, add the
following to your LOGIN.COM:
$ DEFINE VUE$SPUBLIC PROFILE SYS$COMMON: [PUBLIC_DIR]OUR_PROJECT
.VUESDAT; *

When FileView is started, any public customization files will be

read and merged with the system and private customization files
to create a custom FileView.

The following example illustrates how to use a search list to

ensure that FileView reads all the public customization files in
VUES$LIBRARY. In this example, the logical name definition
shown is added to a login command file. When FileView is
invoked, it reads all public customization files that match the file
specifications shown:
$ DEFINE VUE$PUBLIC PROFILE WORK: [GROUP.FILEVIEW]PROJECT.VUESDAT;
*, VUESLIBRARY: * . VUESDAT

[

7-14

Customizing FileView

8
Using DECwindows Applications

Your Desktop-VMS software includes a variety of applications

designed to increase productivity by automating basic tasks. For
example, Mail automates sending and receiving interoffice mail;

the Cardfiler automates creating and filing index cards.
Because Desktop-VMS software is based on the industry standard
X Window System, you can also choose from an extensive
offering of applications from Digital and other vendors.

This chapter begins by showing you how to use the Bookreader—
an application for reading online documentation—and continues

with descriptions of the following applications:

Calculator

Calendar

Cardfiler

Clock

DDIF Document Viewer

EVE text editor

Mail

Notepad text editor

Paint

Puzzle

DECterm

Using DECwindows Applications

8-1

Following the descriptions is an explanation of how you can run
these applications remotely from another computer. At the end of
the chapter, you’ll find information on printing the files you create
with these (or other) DECwindows applications.

For details on each of these applications, read the VMS

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide, which is available
online.

Using the Bookreader
The Bookreader lets you read online documentation on your
workstation screen.

This section describes how to

Start the Bookreader

Open shelves and books

Navigate the table of contents and index

Read text and display figures, tables, and examples

Exit from the Bookreader

Starting the Bookreader
To start the Bookreader, choose the Bookreader menu item from
FileView’s Applications menu.

The selection window opens, listing the library of shelves and

—

books available from the Bookreader, as illustrated in Figure 8—1.

Shelves contain groups of related books to make the process of
locating the book you want simpler. To view a book that is on a

shelf, you must first open that shelf.

Opening Shelves and Books
To select a title, position the pointer on the desired title and click

mouse button 1 (MB1). To open a shelf or book, select the title you
want and choose the Open Shelf or Open Book menu item from

the Control menu. Alternatively, you can double click MB1 on a

title to select and open that book or shelf. If you open a shelf, a
list of the books on that shelf appears in the selection window. If

—

you open a book, the table of contents for that book appears in the
selection window. The title page for the book appears in a second

window, called the topic window. The two windows, selection
window and topic window, are illustrated in Figure 8-2.

—

OS99

8-2

Using DECwindows Applications

Figure 8-1

Bookreader Library

|QJ| Bookreader
Control

View

Library

Using the Bookreader

Lfi’

VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Gui
DECwindows VAXpc for VMS User’s Guide
VAXstation 3100 Documentation Shelf

VAXserver 3400 Documentation Shelf
VMS Version 5.1 Documentation Shelf

Quit

_
”

Lisrary

—___pp[|
Contents |

”

ZK-0760A-GE

Figure 8-2

Bookreader Selection and Topic Windows

Q| Bookreader
Control

Q] Using the Bookreader

_View

Using the Bookreader
CONTENTS

Control

_View

Using the Bookreader
|

1
The Bookreader
1.1
Starting the Bookreader

1.2
1.2.1

Opening Shelves and Books
Selecting Topics from the table of
Contents
1.2.2 Selecting Topics from the index
1.3
Navigating the Table of
Contents and Index

Reading Text

1.4.1

Displaying Figures, Tables, and

1.4.2

Examples
Using Cross-References and

‘

Using the Bookreader

This document describes how to use the Bookreader
to read online documentation.

Footnotes

1.5

Closing Shelves and Books

L
|v

] I+

Close Topic

Fravious Tonic

Next Topic

| |

ZK-0585A-GE

Using DECwindows Applications

8-3

Selecting Topics from the Table of Contents You can display a
chapter or section from the table of contents by selecting the title
and choosing the Topic menu item from the View menu. Or, you

—

can point to the title you want and double click MB1. The text

appears in the topic window.

—

Selecting Topics from the Index

To view the index, choose the
Index menu item from the View menu or click on the Index button

at the bottom of the selection window. The index replaces the
table of contents in the selection window. (To return to the table
of contents, choose the Table of Contents menu item from the

View menu or click on the Contents button at the bottom of the

T—

selection window.)

To view the section that corresponds to an index entry, select the
entry from the index and choose the Topic menu item from the

—

View menu. Alternatively, you can double click on the desired
entry. The text appears in the topic window.

—

If an entry applies to more than one section, the Bookreader
displays a pop-up menu listing all the sections in which the entry
appears. Click on the section you want to view.

Navigating the Table of Contents and Index
O
—

For easy navigation of the table of contents and index, use the
vertical scroll bar on the selection window. The vertical scroll

bar represents the entire table of contents or index. The slider

[ad

represents:

The position in the table of contents or index relative to the
entire table of contents or index

The relative portion of the table of contents or index that
appears in the selection window

There are several ways to use the scroll bar to navigate:
=

You can drag the scroll bar with MB1 to navigate quickly up
or down the table of contents or index. For example, if you
drag the slider to the bottom of the scroll bar and release
MB1, the end of the table of contents or index appears in the

selection window.

—

As you drag the slider, an index window displays the entries
represented by that region of the scroll bar. Release MB1 to
bring that region into the selection window.

You can click MB1 on the area above or below the slider to

bring the previous or next window of entries into the selection
window.

8-4

Using DECwindows Applications

—

For example, if you are looking at the table of contents entries
for Chapter 2 and click MB1 in the area above the scroll bar,
the immediately preceding window of entries for Chapter 1
will scroll into the window.
s

You can click on the stepping arrows to move one entry at a
time up or down through the table of contents or index.

Reading Text
I

Constrol

B
View

EE|

Using the Bookreader
Adl Blights Reserved.

Using the Bookreader
This document describes how 1o use the Bookrender
0 1o onlirg documentation.

When you select a text topic from the table of contents or index,
it is displayed in the topic window. You can read forward and
backward from that topic by clicking on the Next Topic and
Previous Topic buttons at the bottom of the topic window, or by
choosing the corresponding menu items from the View menu.
The length of some topics is greater than the length of the window.
Use the scroll bar, as in the selection window, to navigate up and
down the topic. For example, click MB2 on the scroll bar to bring
the line of text directly across from the pointer to the top of the
topic window.

Displaying Figures, Tables, and Examples When you select
a topic that is a figure, table, or example from the table of
contents, it is displayed in a separate window. The window is
sized according to the dimensions of that topic. If the topic is
large—for example, if its dimensions exceed the dimensions of the
screen—the window will have scroll bars to navigate the topic.
The windows that figures, tables, and examples are displayed in
must be explicitly closed by clicking on the Close Topic button or
by choosing the Close Topic menu item from the Control menu.
These windows can also be made into icons, allowing you to save a
topic for as long as you need to refer to it.
Using Cross-References and Footnotes
Cross-references in
text to figures, tables, and examples are “hot spets.” That is, if
you point at the reference and click MB1, the figure, table, or
example is displayed in a separate window. For example, clicking
on [Figure 8-1] on the screen produces a display of that figure.
Cross-references to other sections of text are similarly hot, except
that the cross-referenced topic replaces the current topic in the
topic window. For example, clicking on Using the Bookreader
on the screen causes that section to appear in the topic window.
Footnotes are also hot spots.

Using DECwindows Applications

8-5

Closing Shelves and Books
To close a book or shelf, click on the Close Book, Close Shelf, or

Library button at the bottom of the selection window. Clicking on
the Close Book button takes you back to the shelf from which that

book was selected. Similarly, clicking on the Close Shelf button
takes you back to the window from which that shelf was selected.
When you are viewing a shelf, clicking on the Library button
takes you back to the “top shelf,” or in other words, the top level
of the Bookreader library.

SRR

Exiting from the Bookreader
To exit from the Bookreader, click on the Quit button while
viewing the library, or select the Quit menu item from the Control
menu in the selection window.

Using Other DECwindows Applications
The following sections describe additional VMS DECwindows

applications. For more information on these applications, see the
VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide, which is available

online.

Calculator
The Calculator performs simple arithmetic functions: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, percentages, and square
roots. You can enter data by using the mouse to click buttons
on the screen, or you can use the keyboard. The Calculator has
two displays: one display shows the current operation; the other

display shows the contents of memory.

Calendar
The Calendar provides a convenient method for scheduling
appointments and planning work. Using the Calendar, you can do

the following:

8-6

Display a day, week, month, or year

Set alarms that remind you of upcoming events

Create and maintain multiple calendars

Customize the display

Using DECwindows Applications

Figure 8-3 shows the Calendar window.
Calendar Window

Figure 8-3

File

Edit

View

Timeslot

Options

April, 1990

May, 1990

Wk Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

WK Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

14 1
2
3
4
5 6 7
158 9 1011 121314
16 15 16 17 18[EH20 21
17 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

18
1
2 3
4
5
19 6
7
8 9 1011 12
20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

29 30

30 31
2 27 28 29

]

10|

Thursday the 19th of April, 1990
8:00am
~30-

Breakfast meeting with accountants

9:00
~30-

10:00

~-3011:00

_
_
Leave for Heathrow — 12:05 flight

~30-

12:00 pm
-30-

1:00
-30-

2:00
~30-

3:00

Meet with Mireille, Rue Ste. Germaine; bring receipts.

4:30

5:00

~30-

I Previous Dayl

l 2:21pm l

Next Day I
ZK-0783A-GE

Cardfiler
The Cardfiler provides a system for organizing information similar
to using index cards. Using the Cardfiler, you create cards that
contain information such as names, addresses, phone numbers,
and graphics. You can also create files that group cards with
similar information. For example, you might create a file for
business cards and a file for personal cards.
Figure 8-4 shows the Cardfiler windows.

Using DECwindows Applications

8-7

Figure 8—4

Cardfiler Windows

File Search Card

index for this card:

Help

o
— | Brown, Bob

| Jones, Barbara
|

Collins, Felicia
Farley, Jane

IS5,

File_Edit

Card

617 Anywhere St.

|| Hereville, MA 48833

—

ZK-0099A-GE

Clock
The Clock displays the time (in analog and digital format) and
date and provides an alarm to remind you of important events.

You can also customize the display to produce different formats.

DDIF Viewer
The DDIF Viewer displays a DDIF file and lets you page through
the contents. The Digital Document Interchange Format (DDIF)

is a standard format for the storage and interchange of compound

documents. Compound documents are documents that contain
multiple elements (for example, text and graphics).

EVE Text Editor
The EVE editor is a general-purpose text editor based on the
VAX Text Processing Utility (VAXTPU). EVE provides a graphic

interface that lets you do the following functions:
s

Perform basic text-editing operations

Create and edit more than one file in an editing session

Use multiple buffers and windows, and resize windows

[

8-8

Using DECwindows Applications

Define keys and create learn sequences

Set editing preferences, such as a bound or free cursor
Use wildcards for searching text

Execute system commands from within the editor
Spawn subprocesses or attach to other processes

Compile and execute VAXTPU procedures to extend the editor

Create section files to save key definitions and extensions
Use initialization files and set private defaults

Mail
The Mail application provides a way to communicate with other
users on the system or network. Mail’s graphic interface lets you
perform the same functions as the VMS Mail Utility.
Using Mail, you can do the following:

Send messages to any user on the system or network
Read messages from other users
Print messages

Reply to messages

File messages
Forward messages
Delete messages

Send files
Extract files from messages you receive

Figure 8-5 shows the main Mail window.

Using DECwindows Applications

8-9

Main Mail Window

Figure 8-5
M Mail

File

Edit

Pick Create-Send

(53 MAIL

€4 INBOX

Read

B
B4

B8-APR-1990 MIASMA::SMITH
27-APR-1990 SOIREE: :JONES
4-MAY-1990 DARCY: :BROWN

1B8~-MAY-1990 BRONTE::BLACK

- 5 messages

1
2
3

Help

Maintenance Customize

16-MAY-1990 UDO::WHITE

Team Meeting, 1:00
lunch invitation
RE: review schedule

poetry reading

dog class canceled

£ MAIL
£ WASTEBASKET

—_

(51 STATUSREPORTS

L
O

1 REPORTS

1 WASTEBASKET

l Erexidony Bl " Fleawd Maw Me;ifi” Create-Send fl fism@y“ Forwerd H Privy H ?‘J%c:w«ssl Efi&?iiéifzfl‘
ZK-0294A-GE

Notepad Text Editor
The Notepad text editor is a basic text editor that you can use to
create and edit text files. The Notepad text editor also lets you

perform the following functions:
s

Search for text strings

Move to specified line numbers

Use a journaling feature to recover lost edits

Paint
Paint is an application that you use to create and save screen
images. Using Paint is much like painting or drawing. You select
a brush and trace designs. However, Paint makes the process
easier. You can pick shapes from a menu and let paint draw the
shape, and you can select fill patterns to shade or “color” your

picture. To provide greater detail for part of your picture, you

can use the zoom feature to magnify a specified area. If you are
unhappy with your picture, you can erase it and start over. If you

like the picture, you can print a copy.

Paint stores images as DDIF files. Applications that display
graphics can use files that you create using Paint.

- 8-10

Using DECwindows Applications

Puzzle
The Puzzle lets you solve a classic, sliding-tile puzzle on your
workstation display.

DECterm
DECterm displays a window that looks and functions like a
VT340 terminal. Applications written for VI'52, VIT'100, VT220,
VT320, and VT340 terminals can run without modification in the
DECterm window.-

Running Applications Across the Network
Desktop-VMS software opens the door to new computing
opportunities by allowing you to run applications across a

network. Distributing applications in this way means that they
can run on another computer and display on your workstation
monitor, so you can take advantage of larger computers that
may be better suited to a specific computing task. Although the
application runs on another system, it looks the same as any other
application running on your workstation.

By default, your workstation monitor can display only those
applications that are running on your workstation. This
prevents users on other systems in the network from displaying
applications on your workstation monitor or from capturing and
displaying your keystrokes (including your password) on another
monitor.

By specifying node and user names in the Session Manager’s
Customize Security dialog box, you can authorize yourself or
others to use your monitor to display applications running on
other systems. Authorized users can then display applications on
your workstation with the DCL command SET DISPLAY.

Enabling Network Access to Your Workstation Monitor
| Customize
Keyboard...

Pointer...

Print Screen...

Fecurity...

You are authorized to run applications only from your
workstation—where your current session is running. This means
that you cannot log in to another system and run applications for
display on your workstation monitor unless you authorize yourself
to do so.

Session Manager...

To authorize yourself or others to display applications on your

Window...

workstation monitor:

Use Last Saved Settings

Use System Defaults

Choose the Security... menu item from the Session Manager’s
Customize menu.

. Save Current Settings

Using DECwindows Applications

8-11

The Session Manager displays the Security dialog box.
[

Authorized Users

ol [i

OIS

Node::username

I - OK

Apply I

l Cancel I
ZK-0223A-GE

Type the node name and user name of the user you want to
authorize, using the format

node: :username

Click on Add.

The user name is added to the list of authorized users.
4

Click on OK or Apply.

Save your change by choosing the Save Current Settings menu

item from the Session Manager’s Customize menu.

The following example shows how to add your name to the list of
authorized users of your display, ensuring that you can display
DECwindows applications on your workstation from system
ZEPHYR.

—

[

8-12

Using DECwindows Applications

—

Customize Security

' Authorized Users
O] [zEPHYR::JONES]

‘ Remove I
Qi

ok
|

[ Aeply|

[ cancel
|

ZK-0224A-GE

The node name you provide cannot be a cluster alias (a name that
represents multiple nodes configured in a VAXcluster, but must
instead identify an actual node.
You can use an asterisk wildcard to add all users who match the
node and user name information you specify. For example, to
authorize all users logged on to your node HUBBUB to display on
your workstation, type HUBBUB::* in the text field and click on
Add. The Session Manager adds that text to the list of authorized
users. It’s a good idea to give access to only those users who you
know require it. Giving access to an indeterminate number of
users can compromise the security of your system.
To remove a user from the list of currently authorized users:
1

Choose the Security... menu item from the Session Manager’s
Customize menu.

The Session Manager displays the Security dialog box.

Select the node and user name you want to remove.
Click on Remove.
The user name is removed from the list of authorized users.

Click on OK or Apply.

Save your change by choosing the Save Current Settings menu
item from the Session Manager’s Customize menu.

Using DECwindows Applications

8-13

Displaying Remote Applications on Your Workstation
Monitor

Once you are authorized to display applications on your
workstation from another system, you can log in to other

systems and redirect the display to your workstation by using
the command SET DISPLAY. Although VMS DECwindows must
be available on these systems, they need not be workstations.
The SET DISPLAY/CREATE command affects only those
applications that are run from the window from which you
issue the command. This means that although you may be
running one application on your workstation and displaying it on
another workstation, you can continue to run applications on your
workstation for display in other windows on your monitor.

—————

OHITRONGS

[

8-14

Using DECwindows Applications

VAX 8800

VAX 8300

Window A displays output

Window B displays output

from an application running
remotely on a VAX 8800.

from an application running
remotely on a VAX 8300.

| Window
‘

Window C displays
output from an

application running
locally on the VAXstation.

ZK-0684A-GE

From DECterm or a FileView DCL Command window, log in to

the remote system using the SET HOST command and enter the
following command at the DCL prompt ($):
$

SET DISPLAY/CREATE/NODE=display
node

[Refun]

Display_node is the workstation on which you want the

application displayed. You specify the /CREATE qualifier the
first time you want to run an application and redirect the display.
If you subsequently redirect the display to another system, omit
this qualifier.

Using DECwindows Applications

8-15

Enter the command SHOW DISPLAY to make sure the display
now points to your workstation. For example, if you logged
in to remote system ZEPHYR from your system HUBBUB
and redirected your display back to HUBBUB, you see this

—

information:
Device:

WSA2:

Node:

HUBBUB

Transport:

DECNET

Server:

Screen:

—

Device is your workstation device and may vary each time you use
SET DISPLAY and SHOW DISPLAY. Node is the network system
to which the display is now pointing. Transport refers to the
mechanism, either DECNET or LOCAL, that passes information
between the application and the display. Server and Screen are
always 0.

You can then run your application on ZEPHYR for display
on HUBBUB if you are authorized to do so. See Running
Applications from a DCL Command Line for more information.

When you finish running the application, you can disable the
remote display or redirect the display to a third system named
ROMA. To disable the remote display from ZEPHYR to HUBBUB,
enter the following command at the DCL prompt:

—

$ SET DISPLAY/NOPERMANENT

Specifying the /NOPERMANENT qualifier disables your
connection to the remote display. Any applications you run on
ZEPHYR will no longer be displayed on HUBBUB.

RS,

If you do not disable your connection to the remote display, you
can redirect the display to a third system by entering the following
command:

_—

$ SET DISPLAY/NODE=ROMA

Enter the }.:ommand SHOW DISPLAY to see that the display now

points to ROMA.

If you access your own system using the SET HOST command,
you need to define your display before you can run applications
on your system. If your system is HUBBUB, you can define your
display using either of the following commands:
P

$ SET DISPLAY/CREATE/TRANSPORT=LOCAL/NODE=0

—

[Retun]

$ SET DISPLAY/CREATE/TRANSPORT=LOCAL/NODE=HUBBUB [Refurn]
S

8-16

Using DECwindows Applications

Using the /TRANSPORT=LOCAL qualifier increases the
performance of applications running and displaying on your
system.

Be sure the node name you used in the SET DISPLAY command

matches the node name from which you are authorized to display
applications. For example, if you specify NODE=HUBBUB and

you are not specifically authorized to display applications on

HUBBUB, DECwindows reports that you are not authorized to
use that display. This is because DECwindows regards nodes
other than 0 as remote systems. By default, you are authorized
to display applications only from node 0. Either specify SET
DISPLAY/CREATE/TRANSPORT=LOCAL/NODE=0 or authorize

yourself on HUBBUB to display applications from HUBBUB.

Running Applications on Your Workstation for Remote
Display
You can also run applications on your workstation for display
on other workstations on which Desktop-VMS software (or just
DECwindows) is installed.
Windows D & E display

|
s

from
output
locally.
. mm@

aflnlicafiuna

SET DISPLAY

www;%g %fi’""a”“&
Soatony

Window A

rurining tocatly.

displays output

from A icatio

running
on HUBBUB.

HUBBUB
£K-0685A-GE

To display an application running on your system HUBBUB
on a system named MALIBU, first enter the command SHOW
DISPLAY to verify that your display is directed to HUBBUB,
represented by a 0 in the node field. “0” is the standard shorthand
notation for representing your system. Then enter the following
command from DECterm or FileView’s DCL Command window:
$ SET DISPLAY/CREATE/TRANSPORT=DECNET/NODE=MALIBU [Refun]

Run the application. When you finish running the application,

disable the remote display from HUBBUB to MALIBU and
redirect your display back to HUBBUB by entering the following
command:
$ SET DISPLAY/NOPERMANENT

Using DECwindows Applications

8-17

Running Applications from a DCL Command Line
Once you have redirected your display to point to your
workstation, you can run FileView and the desktop applications

described in the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide
from another system by entering the following command lines at

the DCL prompt ($):
To run this

Enter this

Bookreader

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$BOOKREADER

Calculator

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CALC

Calendar

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CALENDAR

Cardfiler

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CARDFILER

Clock

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CLOCK

DDIF Viewer

’;iflf[PS‘«W/SELECTmX filename (to view a DDIF
e

VIEW/SELECT=X/FORMAT=TEXT filename
(to view a text, or ASCII, file)

EVE
FileView
Mail

EDIT/TPU/DISPLAY=DECWINDOWS
RUN SYS$SYSTEM:VUE$MASTER
RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$MAIL

Notepad Editor

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$NOTEPAD

Paint

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$PAINT

Puzzle

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$PUZZLE

—

You can also use these command lines to run the desktop
applications from DECterm or from FileView’s DCL Command

window on your workstation. To run multiple applications

simultaneously from a single DECterm or FileView DCL

Command window, add SPAWN/NOWAIT/INPUT=NL: to the
beginning of the command lines. Note that you cannot run
DECterm from a command line.
You can start one or more applications each time you start a
session by creating a command file named DECW$LOGIN.COM
that contains the command lines listed in the previous table.
For example, to run Clock each time you start a session, create

DECWS$LOGIN.COM and add the following text:
$

SPAWN/NOWAIT/INPUT=NL:

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CLOCK

Place this file in your top level directory (SYS$LOGIN). Your

Desktop-VMS system will execute the commands contained in the
file each time you start a session.

8-18

Using DECwindows Applications

Printing Files with Desktop-VMS Software
Desktop-VMS software allows you to print the files that you create
and work with in applications. For example, you can print a mail
message or a drawing you created in Paint. This section describes
how to print the files you create.

Whenever you choose the Print command in an application, the
application creates a file that it then sends to the printer. You can
also specify further printing instructions if you want to execute
more sophisticated printing tasks. While your job is being printed,
you can continue to work in your current application or go on to
other tasks.

Printing Files from Applications

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

When you simply want to print something currently displayed, for
example, a mail message, choose the Print menu item from the
application’s File menu. The file is sent to a print queue, which
holds jobs waiting to be printed. Your print job is sent to the next
available printer that can accept print jobs from that application.
When your job is printed, the Session Manager displays a message
that tells you the name of the printer on which your job was
printed.

Desktop-VMS software also lets you provide additional
information about how you want your job printed. For example,
you can specify the print queue to which you want your job sent
and how many copies you want printed.
To provide this additional printing information, choose the Print...
menu item from the application’s File menu. The application
displays a dialog box.

Using DECwindows Applicatfions

8-19

Number of Copies: ||

Page Range: From||

Print Format

Tol:

Printer

" PostScript(R)

[ PRINT LNo3R

ANSI2

Default

PRINT _LA75

Orientation|

linow
Print After

[] Delete File When Printed
ZK-0683A-GE

In the Print dialog box, you can record your settings or dismiss
the dialog box.
e

Click on

Record new settings, dismiss the dialog box,
and print your job.

Cancel

Dismiss the dialog box without changing any
settings and cancel your print request.

Options...

[

—

Display the advanced print settings dialog box.
See Using Advanced Print Settings for more
information.

From the Print dialog box, you can change any of the following
settings:
Number Of Copies

Normally, one copy of a job is printed. To print more copies, type

the number of copies you want.
Page Range
When you print a file, the entire file is printed. If, however, you
want to see page 2 of a five-page mail message, you can save

paper by printing only that page. To change the page number at
which the file starts printing, type a number in the From text

8-20

Using DECwindows Applications

field. Do the same in the To text field. For example, to print only
page 2 of a five-page mail message, type a 2 in both text fields.
Print Format
The Print Format list box contains the file formats produced by
the current application for printing. These formatted files can be
printed only on those printers that recognize the specific format.

The Printer list box displays only those printers that can support
the selected print format. If you select another print format, the
Printer list box changes its display accordingly.

For example, card files you create with the Cardfiler are formatted
as text files. Every print queue that can accept text files—from
line printers to sophisticated laser printers—is listed in the
Printer list box. Paint, however, produces files formatted for
POSTSCRIPT and ANSI2 output. If the selected print format is
POSTSCRIPT, the Printer list box displays only LNO3R and LPS40
print queues. If the selected print format is ANSI2, only LNO3,
LNO3R, and LPS40 print queues are displayed.
Note, however, that FileView and Mail display all print formats
supported by your Desktop-VMS software, no matter what the
file type of the file you selected for printing. Neither FileView nor
Mail convert files already in one format to the print format you
choose. If, for example, you select a TXT file in FileView, choose
the Print command from FileView’s Files menu, click on the Show
Queue Options button in the Print dialog box, and click OK, the
print format list box displays all print formats, not just Text.
By default, the first print format in the list is selected.
Printer
The Printer list box lists the print queues that can accept the

selected print format.
By default, the first print queue in the list is selected. Your print
job will be sent to the selected queue. To change the print queue

to which your print job will be sent, select another print queue.
Use the scroll bars to view the list of available print queues.
Orientation
All printers except line printers can print pages in two different
page orientations, portrait and landscape. In portrait orientation,

characters print parallel to the short edge of the paper. For
example, this page is printed in a portrait orientation. In
landscape orientation, characters print parallel to the long edge

Using DECwindows Applications

8-21

——

of the paper. Note that the definition of portrait and landscape
may be altered if you choose advanced print settings.

Your system assigns each printer a default orientation. The
printer uses this default orientation when it prints your job. To

change the orientation for your print job:
1

Point to the Default button.

Press and hold MB1.

Choose the Portrait or Landscape menu item.

Print After
Once you choose your print settings, your job is immediately
submitted to the selected print queue. You can change the time

at which your job is actually printed by changing the information
in the Print After text field. By requesting that a print job be

held until a specific time, you can ensure that a large print job is
printed after hours when fewer users are sharing printers.
To change the time at which your job is printed, double click on

the Print After text field and type the time using the following
format:
19-APR-1990

14:32
R

This print job will be held for printing until April 19, 1990, at 2:32
p.m.

Delete File When Printed

When you tell your Desktop-VMS system to print a text or
graphics file, it sends a copy of that file to the printer. These

print files are not deleted once they are printed. This setting
is indicated by an unshaded button. If you want to delete the

print file after it is printed, click on the Delete File When Printed

button.

This button may not be displayed in all applications.
AR

Using Advanced Print Settings
Click on the Options... button to display another print dialog box
where you can specify advanced print settings for your print job.

Some of these settings, including File Start Sheet and Message
Log, correspond to qualifiers available from the DCL command
PRINT. See the description of the DCL command PRINT in the
VMS User’s Manual for more information.
R—

8-22

Using DECwindows Applications

Using the Session Manager

The Session Manager is displayed on your screen at the start of
every session. It acts as a control panel for your current session.
From the Session Manager, you can create new DECterm and
FileView windows, capture screen snapshots in a file for printing,
lock your workstation, and end your session.
You can also use the Session Manager to customize your DesktopVMS environment. You can make these changes for the current

session only or save them so that every subsequent session reflects

your fine tuning.

This chapter describes how to customize your workstation and

—

Desktop-VMS environment by choosing and saving new settings.
Where appropriate, this chapter also describes how to customize
the screen display for three types of workstations:

Monochrome system—Supports black and white output only

—

Intensity system—Supports shades of gray

Color system—Supports a full spectrum of color

Using the Session Manager

9-1

The Session Manager looks like this:
Pal

Session Manager:JONES on HUBBUB

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Session Create Customize Print Screen

Help

Welcome to VAX/VMS Version 5.1 on node HUBBUB
Last interactive login on Wednesday, 18-APR-1990
Last non-interactive login on Thursday, 19-APR-1990
Starting FileView
1

Messages
BB,

hemeoer

2%
R,

ZK-0512A-GE

The title bar displays your node name and user name.

The menu bar displays the names of menus available from the

Session Manager.
s

The Messages region displays system status information.

When you start your session, this information includes a
welcome message, the date you started your last session, and

notification of any new mail messages.
As with any other window, you can change the size of the Session
Manager window by using the resize button. If you save this

change (described in Saving Your New Settings) and start another

session, the Session Manager window is displayed in the new size.
AL,

Creating a DECterm Window
Create

By choosing the Terminal Window menu item from the Session

Terminal Window

Manager’s Create menu, you open a DECterm window, which

FileView Window

emulates a VI'340 terminal. From DECterm, you can then enter

DCL commands or use any other command line interface. Since

your system is part of a network, you can communicate with other

RO,

systems and share information and resources.
See the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide for more
information about using DECterm.

Creating a FileView Window
By choosing the FileView Window menu item from the Session
Terminal Window

Manager’s Create menu, you open a FileView window. From

| FileView Window |

FileView, you can access applications and work with files and

directories.

ARG

9-2

Using the Session Manager

By default, a FileView window opens whenever you start a
session. Most often, you open additional FileView windows from
within FileView. The ability to open a FileView window from the
Session Manager is provided as a safety net: if only one FileView
window is open and you close it by mistake, you can still access
FileView.

See Chapter 6 for more information about using FileView.

Capturing Screen Snapshots for Printing

\\\

17,

DECwindow’s print screen feature lets you take a snapshot of your

this snapshot now or later.

(0]

entire screen or just a portion of it and print the file containing

In the Customize Print Screen dialog box, you supply some
information, including the output file format and default output
file specification, that your system needs to capture and format a
screen snapshot. You can change this information permanently.
See Changing Your Print Screen Settings for more information.
To capture your entire screen display in a file:

Print Screen

Print Portion of Screen

Capture Entire Screen

Arrange the windows on your screen as you want them
captured.

Print Entire Screen

Capture Portion of Screen

Choose the Capture Entire Screen menu item from the Session
Manager’s Print Screen menu.

The Session Manager displays a dialog box. By default, the
screen is captured in a file called

SYS$LOGIN:DECW$CAPTURE.TMP. Enter another file
specification to direct the output to another directory or file.

Do not use any logical names defined in the system login
command file (SYLOGIN.COM) or in your login command file

(LOGIN.COM).
3

Click on OK.

To capture a partial screen display:
Print Screen

Print Entire Screen
Print Portion of Screen

Capture Entire Screen
Capture Portion of Screen

Arrange your screen to display the windows you want to
capture.

Choose the Capture Portion of Screen menu item from the
Session Manager’s Print Screen menu.
The Session Manager displays a dialog box. By
default, the screen will be captured in a file called
SYS$LOGIN:DECW$CAPTURE.TMP. Enter another file
specification to direct the output to another directory or file.
Do not use any logical names defined in the system login

Using the Session Manager

9-3

command file (SYLOGIN.COM) or in your login command file

(LOGIN.COM).
3

PO,

When the pointer changes to a capture cursor, which looks like
a plus sign (+), press and hold MBI1.
P,

A box appears.
4

Drag the capture cursor until it surrounds the area you want.

Release MB1.

Instead of capturing a snapshot of your screen in a file and
printing it later, you can send the file to a print queue
directly from the Session Manager. A print queue holds jobs
waiting to be printed. The Session Manager lets you provide
additional information about how you want your job printed. This

information includes the print queue to which you want your job
sent and how many copies you want printed. See Printing Files
with Desktop-VMS Software for more information about changing

the print queue options.
To capture your entire screen and immediately send the output

file to a print queue:
Print Screen

e[ Print Entire Screen

Print Portion of Screen

Capture Entire Screen

Choose the Print Entire Screen menu item from the Session

Manager’s Print Screen menu.
2

Capture Portion of Screen

The Session Manager displays the Queue Options dialog box.
Enter the settings information you want.

By default, the Session Manager formatted the captured file
for POSTSCRIPT output, which appears highlighted in the Print

Format list box. The print queue to which your file will be
sent is also highlighted. To send your file to another print
queue, select one from the list. Make sure the printer you

select can accommodate your file’s format.
4

Click on OK.

The screen snapshot is written to a file that is deleted after
printing.

To capture a portion of your screen and immediately send the

output file to a print queue:

9-4

Using the Session Manager

Print Screen

Choose the Print Portion of Screen menu item from the

Follow steps 3 through 5 for capturing a portion of your

Print Entire Screen

Print Portion of Screen
Capture Entire Screen
Capture Portion of Screen

Session Manager’s Print Screen menu.
screen.

The Session Manager displays the Queue Options dialog box.

Enter the settings information you want.

By default, the Session Manager formatted the captured file for POSTSCRIPT output, which appears highlighted in the Print
Format list box. The print queue to which your file will be
sent is also highlighted. To send your file to another print
queue, select one from the list. Make sure the printer you
select can accommodate your file’s format.

Click on OK.

The screen snapshot is written to a file that is deleted once it is
printed.

Customizing Your Desktop-VMS Environment
Customize |

Keyboard...

Pointer...

Print Screen...
Security...

Session Manager...
Window...

Use Last Saved Settings

Use System Defaults
Save Current Settings

Desktop-VMS software comes to you with a host of preset options
that you are invited to change. You can work successfully with
your Desktop-VMS system and never change these options, but by
taking advantage of these customization features, you can design
an environment to fit your own working style.

These options, which include keyboard, window, pointer, and
security settings, are accessible from the Session Manager’s
Customize menu. By using the Customize menu, you can look at
the current settings and choose and save new settings.

Choosing each menu item from the Customize menu displays a
dialog box. In any of the Customize dialog boxes, you can record

your settings or dismiss the dialog box.

Using the Session Manager

9-5

Click on

Record new settings and dismiss the dialog box.

Apply

Record new settings without dismissing the
dialog box.

Cancel

Dismiss the dialog box without changing any
settings. If you made any changes without
applying them, clicking on the Cancel button
cancels those changes.

The sections that follow list the various preset options and

describe how to change and save them.

OIS,

Changing Your Keyboard Settings
Customize

To change your keyboard settings, choose the Keyboard... menu

| Keyboard...

item from the Session Manager’s Customize menu. The Session

Pointer...

Print Screen...

[

Manager displays the Keyboard dialog box.
P

Customize Keyboard

Security...
Session Manager...
Window...
Use Last Saved Settings
Use System Defaults

Bell Volume

@ Enable

[#]

@ Enable

O Disable

Porcent volume

Q Disable

Percent volume

Keyclick Volume

Keyboard type

7o
y
| AUSTRIAN
GERMAN LK201LG DP |
I System Default

AUSTRIAN GERMAN LK201LG TW

| AUSTRIAN GERMAN LK201NG DP
O

Save Current Settings

AUSTRIAN GERMAN LK201NG TW

BELGIAN FRENCH LK201LP DP

Auto Repeat

Lock Key State

@ Enable

@ CapsLock

@ Control

O Disable

QO Shift Lock

O Shift

{'5,

Operator Window Key

—

@ F2

+ OF

ZK-0228A-GE

From the Customize Keyboard dialog box, you can change any of

the following settings:
Bell Volume

)

A warning bell sounds to alert you to system messages. Adjust
the bell’s volume by dragging the arrow in the Percent Volume
slider right or left, or move the pointer to a location on the slider

and click MB1. Click on the Disable button to disable the bell.

Keyclick Volume

Each time you press a key, the keyboard makes a clicking sound.
This setting is indicated by a shaded button. Adjust the clicking
volume by dragging the arrow in the Percent Volume slider right

9-6

Using the Session Manager

or left, or move the pointer to a location on the slider and click
MB1. Click on the Disable button to disable keyclick.
Auto Repeat
When a key is pressed longer than normal, it repeats until it is
released. This setting is indicated by a shaded button. Click on
the Disable button to disable auto repeat.
Lock Key State
Normally, you can produce capital letters but not shifted number

keys when you press the Lock key on your keyboard. You can,
however, make your keyboard work just like a typewriter keyboard
by clicking on the Shift Lock button. Choosing the Shift Lock
option produces both capital letters and shifted number keys when
you press the Lock key.
Operator Window
Normally, you press Ctrl/F2 to open the operator window. You
may, however, want to assign other definitions to those keys.
Click on any combination of the Ctrl or Shift and F2 or F1 buttons
to change how you open the operator window.
Keyboard Type
The location of specific characters on the keyboard varies
depending on the keyboard model. Selecting the keyboard type
that matches your keyboard model allows the system to echo the
correct character when you press the corresponding key.

The system default keyboard type is North American. If you
want to use a keyboard model that does not match the default
keyboard type, you must set the keyboard type to match the
keyboard model. This changes the keyboard type temporarily
without permanently changing the system default keyboard type.
(For example, you might plug an Austrian German keyboard into
a workstation whose system default keyboard type is French.)
To find your keyboard model number, turn the keyboard upside
down and look for a label that specifies the model number. The
model number should be in a format similar to LK201-xx. (The
model number may also be listed as simply LK201. In this case,
the “xx” you need is in another place on the label. Look for a
number similar to nn-nnnnn-xx.) Use this number to select a
keyboard type from the Keyboard Type list box. For example, if
you are using an Austrian German keyboard and your keyboard

model is LK201 NG, select the Austrian German LK201 NG
keyboard type.

Using the Session Manager

9-7

For any language other than North American or US, you can

also specify whether you want your keyboard to act as a data
processing (DP) or typewriter (TW) keyboard. Selecting a data
processing keyboard type enables the characters on the right
half of the keycaps. Selecting a typewriter keyboard enables the
characters on the left half of the keycaps.

To use this new keyboard type for your subsequent sessions, you
must save the new setting before you end the current session.
The new keyboard type will be in effect for your sessions only

after Desktop-VMS verifies your password at the start of each new
session.

Changing Your Pointer and Mouse Settings
Customize

You can change the shape and color of the pointer, as well as

Keyboard...

certain mouse characteristics. To change your mouse and pointer

l Pointer...
Print Screen...

settings, choose the Pointer... menu item from the Session
Manager’s Customize menu. The Session Manager displays the

Security...

Pointer dialog box. The Pointer dialog box on a monochrome

Session Manager...

system looks like this:

Window...

Customize Pointer

Use Last Saved Settings

Use System Defaults

Pointer Acceleration

Pointer Foreground Color | O Black On White |

O None

Save Current Settings

@ White On Black

O Slow

@ Medium
O Fast

Button Arrangement

O Left Handed

Mouse Double Click Timeout
250

Pointer Shape

@ Right Handed

AN
|

P
—

X
Apply

| Cancel I

ZK-0225A-GE

The Pointer dialog box on intensity and color systems looks like
this:

9-8

Using the Session Manager

Customize Pointer

Pointer Accceleration

O None
O Slow

@ Medium

Pointer Foreground Color

[__1]

Pointer Background Color i}
Button Arrangement

O Left Handed
Mouse Double Click Timeout

Pointer Shape

£\

Milliseconds

ZK-0222A-GE

On intensity and color systems, clicking on some of the pointer
settings displays a color box, which allows you to set specific colors
for your session.

100

Red intensity

100
Green intensity

100

Blue intensity

l Cancel l
ZK-0231A-GE

On an intensity system, you can mix black and white to create
shades of gray. On a color system, you can mix amounts of red,
green and blue. To create these mixes on either system, drag the

Using the Session Manager

9-9

[

arrows in the slider right or left, or move the pointer to a location
on the slider and click MB1. Click on OK in the color box when

you have created the color you want. To see your new setting in
effect, click on Apply or OK in the Customize Pointer dialog box.

From the Customize Pointer dialog box, you can change any of the

following settings:

Pointer Acceleration

Click on one of the four options to vary the rate at which the

pointer moves in relation to the mouse. The None setting keeps
the pointer speed constant. The Fast setting makes the pointer

move farther as you move the mouse faster. Thus, you can move
the pointer to another part of the screen without moving the
mouse the same relative distance. The preset option is Medium.

e
——

Mouse Double-Click Timeout
Desktop-VMS software can tell two successive single clicks from

a double click. To change the speed by which your system expects

O ANNE

one click to follow another in a double-click sequence, drag the

arrow in the slider right or left, or move the pointer to a location
on the slider and click MB1.

Pointer Foreground Color
The pointer consists of an outline and filled center.
On a monochrome system, the pointer’s filled area is normally
white with a black outline. Click on the Black On White button to
reverse the fill and outline colors.

On intensity and color systems, the pointer’s filled area or
foreground is normally yellow. To change this setting, click on the
Pointer Foreground Color button. The Session Manager displays a
color box. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the

color you want.

ORI

To see your changes, click on Apply or OK in the Pointer dialog

box.

Pointer Background Color
This setting applies to color and intensity systems only.
The pointer’s outline or background is normally purple. To change
this setting, click on the Pointer Background Color button. The
Session Manager displays a color box. Click on OK in the color
box when you have created the color you want. To see your
changes, click on Apply or OK in the Pointer dialog box.

SRR

——

9-10

Using the Session Manager

TR,

Button Arrangement
The preset mouse button arrangement—MB1 on the left and MB3
on the right side of the mouse—is natural for a right-handed user.
You can switch the mouse button arrangement by clicking on the
Left Handed option. The right mouse button becomes MB1 and
the left mouse button becomes MB3. MB2 stays the same.
Pointer Shape
Normally, the pointer is a left arrow. To change the pointer shape,
scroll through the list of shapes and select the one you want.

Changing Your Print Screen Settings
Customize
Keyboard...
Pointer...

DECwindow’s print screen feature lets you take a snapshot of
an entire screen or just a portion of it and print the resulting
output file. (See Printing Files with Desktop-VMS Software for

[Print Screen...

information about printing.)

’

Security...
Session Manager...

To change the print screen settings, choose the Print Screen...
menu item from the Session Manager’s Customize menu. The

Window...

Session Manager displays the Print Screen dialog box.

Use Last Saved Settings
Use

System

Defaulis

Save Current Settings

Customize Print Screen

_wustomize

Frint

sereen

Output Format

Aspect Ratio

Ribbon Or Toner Saver

@ PostScript(R)

@ 1to1

@ Positive Image

O Sixel

O 2to1

O Negative Image

O DDIF

Output File Name | [Jones]|
B

Prompt For File Name

ZK-0521A-GE

Using the Session Manager

9-11

From the Customize Print Screen dialog box, you can change any
of the following settings:

Output Format

Normally, Print Screen captures a screen snapshot in a file
formatted for POSTSCRIPT. Click on the Sixel or DDIF buttons to
change this output format.

To capture a screen snapshot that you can display in a DECterm
window (using the DCL command TYPE), click on the Sixel and 1
to 1 aspect ratio buttons.
Aspect Ratio

The aspect ratio refers to the relationship between the size
of the original screen image and the size of the printed screen
snapshot. A printed screen snapshot may not be the same size as
the original screen image. If the aspect ratio is 2 to 1 (2:1), the
printed output will be twice the size of the original screen image.
If the aspect ratio is 1 to 1 (1:1), the printed output will be the
same size as the original screen image.

The 1 to 1 setting allows screen snapshots to be printed without
distortion on most devices, including both hardcopy printers and
terminals. This setting is indicated by a shaded button. Some
sixel printers, however, require a 2 to 1 aspect ratio. If your
printed screen snapshot appears distorted, click on the 2 to 1

button.

To capture a screen snapshot that you can then display in a
DECterm window (using the DCL command TYPE), click on the 1
to 1 aspect ratio and Sixel buttons.
Ribbon Or Toner Saver

Normally, captured screen snapshots are printed as you would

expect: the image is black and the background (the portion of

the paper not printed on) stays white. Printing an image that
is nearly or completely solid using the conventional method
consumes a great deal of printer ribbon or toner. To reverse the
dark and light portions of the printed output and conserve ribbon
or toner, click on the Negative Image button.
—
[

Output File Name

By default, Print Screen names the output file containing a screen
snapshot DECW$CAPTURE.TMP. This file is placed in your
SYS$LOGIN directory, which is probably your top level directory.
Enter another file specification in the Output File Name text field
to direct the output to another directory or file.

9-12

Using the Session Manager

Do not use any logical names defined in the system login

command file (SYLOGIN.COM) or in your login command file
(LOGIN.COM).
Prompt For File Name

When you take a screen snapshot, the Session Manager displays
a dialog box that asks you for the name of the output file. This
lets you override the output file specification that you specified
in the Customize Print Screen dialog box. This means that you
can redirect the screen snapshot to another directory or give it
another file name.

This setting is indicated by the shaded button. To prevent the
Session Manager from asking you for the output file name each
time you take a screen snapshot, disable the Prompt For File
Name setting.

Changing Your Security Settings
Desktop-VMS software allows you to run applications from
another computer for display on your workstation monitor.
By default, your workstation monitor can display only those
applications that are running on your workstation. This
prevents users on other systems in the network from displaying
applications on your workstation monitor or from capturing and
displaying your keystrokes (including your password) on another
monitor.

From the Session Manager’s Customize Security dialog box,
you can authorize yourself or others to use your monitor to
display applications running on other systems. See Running
Applications Across the Network for information about supplying
this authorization.

Changing Your Session Manager Settings

Pointer...

To change your Session Manager settings, choose the Session
Manager... menu item from the Session Manager’s Customize
menu. The Session Manager displays the Session Manager dialog

Print Screen...

box.

Customize

Keyboard...

Security...

[Session Manager...
Window...

Use Last Saved Settings

Use System Defaults
Save Current Settings

Using the Session Manager

9-13

Customize Session Manager
RO

Startup State

@® Window

Create FileView Window

O Icon

Confirm Quit Session

!
T

Terminal Windows

Message Region

Scrolled Lines Saved

| |Messages!
Header Text
e

l Apply I

l Cancel I
DN,

ZK-0226A-GE

From the Customize Session Manager dialog box, you can change
any of the following settings:

AR5

Startup State
The Session Manager is displayed as a window at the start of

each session. Click on the Icon button to specify that the Session
Manager be stored as an icon at the start of every session.

A FileView window is opened at the start of each session. This
setting is indicated by a shaded button. Click on the Create
FileView Window button to prevent a FileView window from
opening when you start a session.

By default, no DECterm windows are created when you start a
session. To set the number (up to five) of DECterm windows you

want opened when you start a session, drag the arrow in the
Termin~1 Windows slider right or left, or move the pointer to a
location on the slider and click MB1.

When you end a session, the Session Manager asks you for
confirmation. This setting is indicated by the shaded option

button. By clicking on the Confirm Quit Session button, you will
not be asked to confirm that you want to end a session.
Message Region: Scrolled Lines Saved
By default, you can scroll through the last 50 lines of text in the
Session Manager’s message area to view messages you may have
missed. The Scrolled Lines Saved slider lets you vary the number

of lines that the Session Manager saves.

9-14

Using the Session Manager

Message Region: Header Text
The Session Manager message area is labeled Messages. To

change this heading, enter a new heading in this text field.

Changing Your Window Settings
Customize |

Whether you have a monochrome, intensity, or color system, you

Keyboard...

can change the look of your workstation display. For example, you

Pointer...

Print Screen...

Security...
Session Manager...

can alter the background and foreground pattern and the window
and screen colors. If you have a color system, you can choose from
a wide palette of colors to design a visually pleasing display.
To change your window settings, choose the Window... menu

item from the Session Manager’s Customize menu. The Session
Use Last Saved Settings
Use System Defaults

Save Current Settings

Manager displays the Window dialog box. The Window dialog box
on a monochrome system looks like this:
Customize Window

Screen saver
@ Enable
O Disable

10, —

[F]
[
g

Screen Background Pattern

—
e

Window Manager Icon Style

@ Small

<
|

B [ [ pefaun |
e

w7z

Scmn Foreground Color

@ Black on white

O White on black

@ Black on white
O White
on black

ZK-0227A-GE

Using the Session Manager

9-15

The Window dialog box on color systems looks like this:
—

~ Customize Window
Screen Saver

@ Enable

O Disable

Minutes

Screen Background Pattern

Window Manager Icon Style

|
{ Default J
D .

Screen Foreground Color

regrod

[

Screen Background Color

Window Foreground Color

r‘

—

@ Small

Window Background Color [_]

Window Highlight Color I

Window Border Color

Apply

| Cancel |

ZK-0526A-GE

On intensity and color systems, clicking on most of the window

and screen settings displays a color box, which allows you to set
specific colors for your session.

9-16

Using the Session Manager

Red intensity
0

Green intensity
0

Blue intensity
Cancel

ZK-0230A-GE

An intensity system color box provides just one slider in which

you can mix black and white to create shades of gray. On a color
system, you can mix amounts of red, green, and blue. To create
these mixes on either system, drag the arrows in the slider right
or left, or move the pointer to a location on the slider and click

MB1. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the
color you want.

Some changed settings take effect when you click on Apply or OK

in the Customize Window dialog box. Others take effect the next
time you log in. See the individual setting to see which applies.
From the Customize Window dialog box, you can change any of
the following settings:

Screen Saver
Screen Saver extends the life of your monitor by shutting off its
display after a specified time. Normally, the monitor shuts off
its display after 10 minutes of keyboard or mouse inactivity. To
vary the time screen saver waits before shutting down the display,
drag the arrow in the slider right or left, or move the pointer to a
specific location on the slider and click MB1. Click on the Disable
button to keep the display on indefinitely. Click on Apply or OK to
apply your change.

Using the Session Manager

9-17

Window Manager Icon Style

Normally, the icons stored in the Icon Box are small. Click on the
Large button to change the size of the icons.

If you save your changes, the Icon Box will contain large icons

when you start your next session.
Screen Background Pattern

Normally, the screen background pattern is a tight, gray
crossweave. To change the background pattern, click on a pattern

RO,

in the pattern palette. The pattern you selected is displayed in
the pattern viewer. Click on Apply or OK to see your selection in
effect.

You can also create a solid background by clicking on one of two
background pattern buttons next to the Default button. Click
on the left button to create a solid background in the screen
foreground color. For example, if the Screen Foreground Color
is Black On White on your monochrome system, click on the left
button in the Screen Background Pattern to create a solid black

background.

Click on the middle button to create a solid background in the
screen background color. For example, if the Screen Background
Color is red on your color system, click on the middle button in
the Screen Background Pattern to see a solid red background.

Screen Foreground Color

The screen pattern, when set to anything other than the default
pattern, consists of a screen foreground (the filled area in the
pattern) and a screen background (the pattern’s outline).

On a monochrome system, the screen fbreground color is normally

black on white. Click on the White On Black option button to
reverse the fill and outline colors.

On intensity and color systems, the screen foreground color is
normally dark gray. To change this setting, click on the Screen
Foreground Color button. The Session Manager displays a color
box. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the color

you want.

To see your new setting in effect, click on Apply or OK in the

[

Customize Window dialog box.

Screen Background Color

This setting applies to intensity and color systems only.
A,

9-18

Using the Session Manager

The screen pattern, when set to anything other than the default
pattern, consists of a screen foreground (the filled area in the
pattern) and a screen background (the pattern’s outline).

On intensity and color systems, the screen background color
is normally green. To change this setting, click on the Screen
Background Color button. The Session Manager displays a color
box. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the color
you want. To see your new setting in effect, click on Apply or OK
in the Customize Window dialog box.
Window Foreground Color

Changing the Window Foreground Color setting in a window
containing text changes the color of that text. If the window
contains graphics, the color of the graphics is changed.
On a monochrome system, the window foreground is normally
black. Click on the White On Black option button to change the
window foreground to white.

- On intensity and color systems, the window foreground is
normally black. To change this setting, click on the Window
Foreground Color button. The Session Manager displays a color
box. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the color
you want.

If you save your changes by clicking on Apply or OK in the
Customize Window dialog box, your new setting will be in effect
when you start your next session.

Window Background Color
This setting applies to intensity and color systems only.

On intensity and color systems, the window background is
normally off-white. To change this setting, click on the Window
Background Color button. The Session Manager displays a color
box. Click on OK in the color box when you have created the color
you want.

If you save your changes by clicking on Apply or OK in the

Customize Window dialog box, your new setting will be in effect
when you start your next session.

Window Highlight Color

This setting applies to intensity and color systems only.

Using the Session Manager

9-19

SIS

Screen objects—for example, toggle and option buttons and title
bars—are normally red to indicate the current setting or input
focus. To change this setting, click on the Window Highlight Color
button. The Session Manager displays a color box. Click on OK in

the color box when you have created the color you want.
If you save your changes by clicking on Apply or OK in the

Customize Window dialog box, your new setting will be in effect
when you start your next session.

Window Border Color
This setting applies to intensity and color systems only.
On intensity and color systems, the window border is normally
gray. To change this setting, click on the Window Border Color

button. The Session Manager displays a color box. Click on OK in
the color box when you have created the color you want.

If you save your changes by clicking on Apply or OK in the
Customize Window dialog box, your new setting will be in effect

when you start your next session.

deing Your New Settings

[

You must save your new settings or they will be lost when you end
Keybosard...

your current session. From the Customize menu, you can choose

Pointar..

any of the following menu items to save new settings or reinstate

Print Soreen..

old ones:
A

Sweurity..
Session Manager...
Window...

Choose
Use Last Saved Settings

To
Reinstate the last settings

you saved. Choose this menu
item if you want to reset any
attributes that you changed
temporarily but did not save.

Use Last Saved Settings

Use System Defaults

Save Current Settings

Use System Defaults

Reinstate the system default
settings defined when the
Desktop-VMS software was
installed.

Save Current Settings

Save the settings you just
changed for use in every
subsequent session.

Some new settings will not be in effect until you end your current

session and begin another one.
NI

9-20

Using the Session Manager

When you save your current settings, the Session Manager creates
the following files and places them in your top level directory
(SYS$LOGIN):
«

DECW$SM_GENERAL.DAT

DECWS$SM_COLOR.DAT (color systems only)

DECWS$SM_GRAY.DAT (intensity systems only)

DECWS$SM_BW.DAT (monochrome systems only)

The Session Manager uses these files to customize your DesktopVMS environment each time you start a session.

If you try to end your session without saving your changes, your
system asks you whether you want to save your settings before
you end your session.
Click on

Yes

Save your workstation settings and end your
session.

End your session without changing the current
settings.

Cancel

Continue working in your current session. The
settings you changed are still in effect.

Putting a Session on Hold
Session

From the Session Manager, you can put your current session
on hold indefinitely and lock your workstation without ending
your session. When you put your session on hold, your screen is
cleared, but your session is maintained exactly as it was. This
means you can resume working without having to restart any
applications.

It’s a good idea to save any files and close any mail drawers
that might be open before you put your session on hold. If your
system fails while your session is on hold, you won’t have lost any
information.

To put your current session on hold, choose the Pause menu item
from the Session menu. Your screen is cleared and the Continue
Session dialog box is displayed.

Using the Session Manager

9-21

To continue your session:
1

Enter your password.

Click on OK.

Once the system verifies your password, your session resumes.
If the Continue Session dialog box remains on your screen, you
probably made a typing mistake. Click on the Clear button and
reenter your password.

Ending a Session
You can end a session at any time. When you end a session, the

Session

system stops all applications and clears the screen.

Pause

| Quit

To end your session, choose the Quit menu item from the Session
menu. Unless you have disabled the confirmation option, the
system asks you to confirm that you indeed want to end your
session. Click on Yes to confirm that you want to end. All
windows are closed and the session ends. If you change your mind
and decide not to end your session, click on No to return to your
session.

[

9-22

Using the Session Manager

'I 0

Using Storage Devices

Your VAXcluster uses disk drives and tape drives, also called

storage devices, to store information. Some storage devices are
integral (built in) to a VAXstation 3100, and others can be added

as expansion boxes. The Desktop-VMS system accesses files and
programs from storage devices as they are needed. Disks and
tapes allow your system to use far more information than it could
keep in internal memory.

This chapter tells you how to use the storage devices on your
system to store and access data. It also tells how to use storage
devices to avoid the accidental loss of data on your system.
If your VAXstation 3100 system does not include a diskette drive

or tape drive, you do not need to read this chapter because your
system manager is responsible for storing and safeguarding the
files on your system. Most Desktop-VMS system files and user
files are stored on your server’s hard disks. Since hard disks
operate at high speed and have a large storage capacity, the
information is immediately available, or on line, at all times.
Magnetic tapes are not as fast as hard disks, but they are
removable (you can use different tapes in the same drive), have
ample storage capacity, and are more economical. Tapes are

commonly used to store copies of valuable files from hard disks.
Then, if the disk is damaged or files are accidentally lost, the

copies can be recovered from the tape.
Diskettes combine some of the advantages of both hard disks and

tapes: they operate at high speed; they are readily removable
and easy to use; and they are extremely economical. Their main

limitation is that they have only a fraction of the storage capacity
of tapes or hard disks.

Using Storage Devices

10~-1

In this chapter, storage media are sometimes referred to as
volumes. While the storage media itself is just a piece of
hardware, we frequently think of it in terms of the data that
is stored on it. Just as a book is defined by the information it
contains, a disk or tape is an organized collection of data—a

volume.

Accessing Devices
[« Device Management}

You do not need to do anything special to access the hard disks in
your system. They are always on line and ready to use. However,
to use storage devices with removable media (tapes or diskettes),
you need to access them specifically by observing the following

[

steps:

]

Load the medium into the drive.

Using the RX23 Diskette Drive, at the end of this chapter,
describes how to handle, load, and unload diskettes.
Initialize a new medium only the first time you use it.
Initializing gives the medium a name, or volume label, and
prepares it to accept the Files-11 format, the standard file

[

structure that VMS operating systems require.

Mount the device. Mounting reserves the drive for a
particular use and alerts the system to the fact that data will
be transferred to or from the drive. Every time you load a new
volume into the drive, you must mount it.

Dismount a device when you are done with it. Dismounting
removes the drive from your control and frees it to be used for
another job. Before you can use another volume in a drive, the
last one used must be dismounted.

Note

You cannot initialize, mount, or dismount hard disks: they
are mounted automatically when your Desktop-VMS system is
configured.

Unload and remove the volume from the drive. The drive is
now ready to accept another volume.

102

Using Storage Devices

Utilities |
[Mount
Dismount
'é‘:;ig?

o
-

|
|
|

Except for the manual operations of loading and unloading
your media, you access storage devices by using the Device
Management windows: to invoke the Initialize, Mount, and
Dismount windows, choose the application you want from the

Restore

FileView Utilities menu.

gcmfamm”
mmene

If you are currently using one of the Device Management windows,
you can invoke any of the other windows without having to return

Initialize

to the FileView window: choose the Initialize, Mount, or Dismount
menu item from the Manage menu in any Device Management
window. The current window changes into the one you selected.

This method allows you to step through different Device
Management windows in quick succession.

Mount

Dismount _

Initializing a Device
You only need to initialize a volume the first time you use it.
The Initialize window looks like this:

&]] Device Management - Initialize

Control

Manage

| Initialize |

IW] Format

Volume label I

Reset I
Cancel

Device

Type

CANTOSTAPEL

TK50

CANTOSFLOPPY1

RX23

Status
Available

Free

Total

2880

Volume label

ZK-0747A-GE

Utilities

To initialize a new volume:

Invoke the Initialize window.

Dismount

[Initialize

Restore

Select (highlight) the device you want to initialize.

Enter a volume label in the Volume label text entry field.

Create Directory |

DCL Command

Using Storage Devices

10-3

If you are initializing a tape, disable the Format button by
clicking on it; tapes do not need to be formatted.
If you are initializing a diskette that is already in the standard
VMS format (such as a factory-formatted diskette), you can
disable the Format button. This eliminates a step and makes
the process faster. If you are not sure, leave the Format
button enabled.
|

OO,

Click on the Initialize button.

Mounting a Device
L

——

A volume must be mounted in order for your system to access it.
The Mount window looks like this:
|

Device Management - Mount

Control

Manage

Volume label

0 Foreign Operating System
O Read Only

l Mount l
I

Reset I
R

Cancel
Device

Type

Status

CANTOSFLOPPYL

RX23

Available

Free

Total

2880

Volume label

ZK-0733A-GE

To mount a device:
OGS

Utilities NN
i Mount

Dismount

Invoke the Mount window.

Select the device you want to mount.

If the volume you are mounting is not in the standard VMS
format (for example, an MS-DOS application), enable the
Foreign Operating System button.

Initialize

Backup
Restore

Create Directory
DCL Command

ORI

Enable the Read Only button if you want to prevent data from
being written on the volume.
[
—

10-4

Using Storage Devices

For example, if you only want to display or print files or
directories from the volume, you might want to prevent them
from being inadvertently modified.
However, in order to edit a file or create a new file on the
volume, you must be able to write to the device and should not
enable the Read Only button.
5

Click on the Mount button.

Once the device is mounted, its status in the selection window
changes from Available to Mounted.

- Once a volume is meumt&d; the Desktop-VMS system can tell

you more about the device’s status. To see a full summary of a
mounted device’s status, double-click on the device name in the
selection window. The Device Status summary looks like this:

_ Device Status

Volume Label

15-AUG-1989

Username:

BRADFORD

Maximum number of files:

Process name:

BRADFORD_VUE1

Image name:

CANTO$DUAO:{SYS1D.SYSCOMMON.J[SYSEXEIVUESMASTER.EXE;3

Mount state:

Mounted

Job type:

Local

Error count:

‘

ZK-0731A-GE

Dismounting a Device
—

" Utilities

To dismount a device:

rDismount

Initialize

Invoke the Dismount window.
The Dismount window appears on your screen.

Restore

Create Directory
DCL Command

Using Storage Devices

10-5

&]|

Device Management— Dismount

Control

]

Manage

Help

Volume label

Unload

IDismountl
l

Reset

SOIGHY,

Cancel
Device

Type

Status

Free

Total

Volume label

CANTOSFLOPPY1

RX23

Mounted

2856

2880

SCRATCH

)

SUAHING

ZK-0744A-GE

Select the device you want to dismount.

Disable the Unload button if you plan to leave the volume in

—

the drive. If you plan to remove the volume, leave the Unload
button enabled.

Click on the Dismount button.

Backing Up Your Files
Backing up files is the best way to prevent the loss of data in
case a disk is damaged or your files are corrupted. Your system
manager is responsible for performing regular backups of your
system’s files. These are files that are stored on the server’s
system, user, and public disks.
SR

However, if your VAXstation 3100 Model 30 contains a hard disk
that you use to store your own files locally, you should back up
those files yourself.
While you could, in theory, copy any number of individual files to
another medium by using the Copy command, the Backup utility

is a more effective tool for ensuring the integrity of your files.

10-6

Using Storage Devices

HOSRISIIG,

The Backup utility safeguards your files by letting you perform
the follawmg operations:

s
-

The Backup operation creates a backup save set. A save set
is a copy of your filesin a compressed format that only the
Backup utility can interpret.
The Backup utility verifies that the files in the save set are
accurate copies of the originals.

The Restore operation returns data that was saved during a
Backup save operation to its original format.
Restore also lets you look at the contents of the save set
created by a Backup operation. Since Backup save sets are
not in the standard VMS format, this listing is the only way
to verify what files a Backup save set contains.

You can create your private Backup save sets on any RX23
diskette or TK50 tape whose drive is connected to your VAXstation
3100. However, diskettes do not hold a large amount of data; for
normal backup operations, magnetic tape is the best medium to
use.

Creating a Backup Save Set
To invoke the Backup window, choose the Backup menu item from
FileView’s Utilities menu. The Backup window appears.

Using Storage Devices

10-7

SR,

Control

Options
i

Source

Destination

Backup type

[BRADFORD] _ [JI=8

NHACLSFLOPPY1 [ I=A OIt
Full
PRI

6 @ Append to end
O Overwrite
[

Save Set name

I 15-AUG-1989.SAV;
ORI,

l Dismiss I ,
I

ZK-0715A-GE
G

The Backup window has the following fields:
m

Source—Displays the directories on your system that you can
back up files from.
|

Destination—Displays devices that you can back up files to.

The Backup procedure copies files from the source directory to
the destination device.
s

Save Set name—Specifies the name of the Backup save set.
The current date is automatically given as the save set name,

but you can enter a different name in this field.
s

Backup type:

—

Incremental—Lets you select the files you want to back
up, omitting other files in the source directory.

By default, an incremental backup copies only the highest
version of each file.
R,

10-8

Using Storage Devices

For example, if the file MEETINGS.TXT;5 is backed up,
MEETINGS.TXT;4 and lower versions are omitted from
the save set.
—
m

Full—Backs up the entire directory and all the files in it.

You can determine where on the destination volume the save
set is created by choosing one of the following:

—

Append to end button—Creates the Backup save set at

the end of the last save set. You can keep appending save
sets until the volume runs out of space. If you run out of
space, Backup pauses, prompts you to load a new volume,

and then continues saving files on the new volume.
—

Overwrite button—Creates the Backup save set at the

beginning of the destination volume. This means that any
existing data is overwritten and cannot be accessed again.

Performing a Full Backup
e

To create a full Backup save set:

beo

Select the source directory (the directory that contains the
files you are backing up).

Select the destination device (where the save set will be
loaded).

Enter a save set name.

Click on the Full button.

Click on the OK button.
A dialog box appears, prompting you to insert the save set
volume into the destination drive.

Load the volume that will contain the save set into the

destination drive. You do not have to initialize or mount the
device—Backup does it for you automatically.
7

Click on the dialog box’s OK button when the volume is
loaded.
|
A Backup Work in Progress box appears, indicating that
the backup is in progress. When the files are copied from

the source to the destination, the Work in Progress box
disappears.
@mnflw%?

[Exi]t

To exit, choose the Exit menu item from the Backup window
Control menu.

Using Storage Devices

10-9

Performing an Incremental Backup
To create an incremental Backup save set:
1

Select the source directory.

Select the destination device.

Enter a save set name.

Determine the type of incremental backup you want:

If you want the standard (default) incremental backup
described in Creating a Backup Save Set, go on to step 5.

To select incremental backup options, go on to Choosing

Incremental Options and follow the steps described there.

Click on the Backup window’s OK button.

A dialog box appears, prompting you to load the save set
volume into the destination drive.
Load the volume into the drive and click on the dialog box’s
OK button. The dialog box disappears.

The Backup Work in Progress box appears. When the backup
operation is finished, the Work in Progress box disappears.

Choose the Exit menu item from the Backup window Control

menu to exit.

While you can create Backup save sets on diskettes, diskettes do
not hold a large amount of data. For normal backup operations,
magnetic tape is the best medium to use.

Choosing Incremental Options
By default, the incremental Backup saves the highest versions
~ of files that have not been backed up. Thus, if you did a backup
recently, only files that were created or modified since the previous
backup will be saved.
This type of backup is effective and easy to use on a regular basis.
However, in some situations, you may want to back up different
files than the default incremental backup selects.

10-10

Using Storage Devices

mmam
.l Select files... [_

To perform a different kind of incremental backup, choose the
Options menu in the Backup window menu bar. The Backup File
selection window that appears looks like this:

Backup File selection
| Optiom

File Fitter

Date

Before

After

Version

O Backup all versions

@ Backup higrmm version
uuuuuuuuu

l Delete l
ZK-0714A-GE

There are three distinct file characteristics that you can use in the
File Selection window to customize your backup operation:
m

File specifications

The dates associated with files

File versions

You can use any combination of these file characteristics to select
some files and exclude others from your save set. The sections
that follow describe how to use each one.
Selecting by File Specification The file filter text editing field
in the Backup File Selection window lets you specify one or more

files that you want to be copied. If you do not use this field, all
files are included.

If you want to select by file specification, enter one of the
following:

A single file name.

Using Storage Devices

10-11

A series of files separated by commas. For example:
PROFORMA
. TXT,

PROJECTIONS.TXT,

PERSONNEL.LIS.

Multiple files using wildcard (*) file specifications.
For example, * TXT selects all files with the TXT file type,
and *BERG*.* selects all files with the string "berg" in their

names.

Selecting by File Date

The Date selection field lets you specify a

range of dates that determines which files are saved. Files outside

that range are not saved.

You can choose from the following:

The Before bar establishes the most recent date to be included
in the range.

The After bar establishes the earliest date to be included in

the range.

For example, you can define a range of one week, in which the
Before date is the end of the week, and the After date is the
beginning of the week.
m

The Desktop-VMS system associates several kinds of dates

with each file. The Date field contains three date selection
buttons:
—

Backup—=Saves only files that were backed up between the
dates you selected or files that have never been backed up.

—

Creation—Saves only files that were created between the
dates you selected.

—

Modified—Saves only files that were modified between the
dates you selected.
A

The best way to learn how to use the date selection field is to try
it.

Click on the Before bar.

Before 1‘
After
ZK-0699A-GE

A date selection dialog box like the following appears, displaying
the current date and time:
GRS

10-12

Using Storage Devices

| Clear |

| Cancel |
ZK-0700A-GE

Clicking on OK at this point would select all files with dates
before August 15, 1989. Instead, click
on the down arrow and see
what happens to the date. You have decremented the date by one

day.

Next, click on the box with the month in it. The arrows move to
that box, and you can increment or decrement the month. Now,

try navigating the hour, minute, and AM/PM fields and changing
them.
As you change the date and time, notice what happens to the Date
and time text entry field—it always shows your current selection.

Instead of clicking on the boxes, you can enter the date and time
you want here. This value will supersede any date and time in

the date boxes. (Please note that this entry field uses 24-hour
time values. Thus, 4:51 PM in the time boxes appears as 16:51 in

the text entry field.)
When you click on the OK button, the date in the text entry field

is selected as the Before date. The Backup Date selection box
disappears.
Now, click on the After bar in the Backup File selection window.

A new dialog box appears. Use it just as you did the Before dialog
box. This time, however, you are establishing the lower limit of
your selection range—only files dated after the date you choose

will be saved.

Using Storage Devices

10-13

[

Selecting by File Version By default, an incremental backup
saves only the hlghmt version of emf" fil@If you want your save
set to contain all versions, click on the Backup all versions button.
Completing the File Selection
When you have completed your
file selection, click on the OK button. The Backup File selection
window disappears, and control is returned
to the main Backup
window. Return to step 5 of Performing an Incremental Backup
and finish the backup operation.

Restoring a Backup Save Set

If a disk is damaged or files are lost, you can restore the files by
using the Restore window (assuming that the files were backed

[&] Restore|

up and you have the save set). The Restore operation restores

files from the source device, copying them to the destination you
specify.

To invoke the Restore window, choose the Restore menu item from
the FileView Utilities menu. The Restore window looks like this:

LY Resto
Control

Source

pp——

. NH4CL$FLOPPY1

Destination

Select files from

Pp—

|>
m

Help

[BRADFORD]

@ Save Set listing
O

Use File Filter

i Py

Save Set name

% Dismiss l

ZK-0752A-GE

The Restore window is similar to the Backup window. It has the
following fields:

Source—Displays the devices on your system where you can
load a save set.

)

10-14

Using Storage Devices

Destination—Shows the directories that you can restore the
files to.

Save Set listing—Generates a listing of files that are on the

save set. If you do not want to restore the entire save set (or
are not sure what is on the save set), you can examine the

save set listing first.
Use File Filter—Lets you specify one or more files to be
restored.

Enter one of the following in the File Filter text entry field:
—

A single file name

—

A series of files separated by commas

—

Multiple files using wildcard ( *) file specifications

Save Set name—Enter the name of the Backup save set you
are restoring. There is no default name—you must supply this
information.

Performing a Restore Operation
To begin a typical sequence of steps in a Restore operation:
1

Select the source device (where the save set is loaded).

Select the destination directory (where the files will be
restored).

Enter a save set name.

Restoring Without a Save Set Listing

If you want to restore the

entire save set without generating a save set listing or if you know

exactly which files you want to save:
|

Click on the Use File Filter button.

Enter the files you want to save in the File Filter text entry
field. If you do not enter any file names, all files are selected.

Click on the OK button.
A dialog box appears, prompting you to insert the save set
volume into the source drive.

Load the volume into the drive. You do not have to mount the
device—Restore does it for you.
Click on the dialog box’s OK button. The dialog box
disappears.

Using Storage Devices

10-15

Generating a Save Set Listing If you want to examine a save set
listing before you restore the files:
1

Click on the Save Set listing button.

Click on the OK button. The Saveset List window appears
and begins listing the files in the save set. Here is an example
of a Saveset List window:

Saveset list

Control
File Name

Date

[BRADFORD . MEMOS] LANE . TXT; 3

23~-JUN-1989

11:49

[BRADF'ORD
. MEMOS] ANNMARIE . TXT; 1

25-JUN-1989

15:56

[BRADFORD .MEMOS] JIM.TXT; 2

12-JU1~1989
13~-JUL~1989
3-JUL~1989

10:33
13:55

[BRADFORD .MEMOS]ALISON.TXT;1

[BRADFORD .MEMOS]EDITH.TXT,; 2

11:04

ZK-0758A-GE

When the save set has been listed in the window, select the files
that you want to restore.

Write listing to file

| Stop listing

10-16

[

You can stop the Saveset list window from listing files at any time
by choosing the Stop listing menu item from the Control menu.
If the save set is large, it can take some time to list all the files.
It can be easier to examine the listing if it is written to a file.

Using Storage Devices

To create a file that contains the save set listing, choose the Write

Write listing to file |

listing to file menu item from the Control menu. Then you can

Stop listing

examine the file in a separate window or even print a hard copy of

it.

To complete the Restore operation:
1

Click on the Restore button.

A dialog box appears, prompting you to insert the volume into
the drive.

Load the volume and click on the dialog box’s OK button.

The dialog box disappears, and a Restore Work in Progress box
appears, indicating that the Restore operation is in progress.
When the files are restored, the Work in Progress box disappears,
and your Restore operation is complete.

Usmg the RX23 Diskette Drive
The RX23 diskette drive installedin your system unit provides 1.2
megabytes of storage space on RX23K diskettes.
W

Using Diskettes
Diskettes are magnetic disks that store information the same way
a hard disk does, though their storage capacity is considerably
less. Digital recommends that you use high-density (HD)
diskettes.
Keep your diskettes dry, out of extreme temperatures and direct
sunlight, and away from anything that contains a magnet, such as
a telephone.

Caution Do not place diskettes or magnetic media on or near your monitor.

The electromagnetism from your monitor may damage diskettes by

distorting or erasing the magnetic patterns.
,,,,,,

Writing to and Protecting Diskettes
Write-protecting a diskette prevents accidental erasure of
information. The diskette drive can read information on the
diskette regardless of the position of the write-protect switch.
However, the diskette drive cannot write data to a write-protected
diskette.

Using Storage Devices

10-17

Write-Protecting a Diskette

When you use a diskette to install

software applications on your system, or to protect information
on the diskette, move the write-protect switch on the back of the
diskette down until it locks in place, as shown in Figure 10-1.
Figure 10-1

Write-Protecting a Diskette
e

MLO-002056

Write-Protect Switch

Writing to a Diskette When you use a diskette to make a backup
copy of a file or to write out data, set the write-protect switch to
enable writing to the tape.

To enable writing, slide the switch up until the switch locks in
place.

ARSI

10-18

Using Storage Devices

Inserting a Diskette
The diskette drive is on the front of your system unit. The drive
can hold one diskette.

Caution Never remove or insert a diskette while the diskette drive is

performing a function. Inserting or removing a diskette while your
system is using the diskette can cause incorrect data to be written
to the diskette, and can cause damage to the diskette itself. Wait
until the diskette drive finishes doing whatever you requested it to
do. When the diskette drive is in use, the green light on the front of
the diskette drive is on.

To insert a diskette into the diskette drive slot, slide the diskette
into the drive, as shown in Figure 10-2.

The diskette slides straight in and drops down to its load position.
To learn how to mount and initialize diskettes, see Accessing
Devices.

Figure 10-2

Inserting a Diskette

Diskette

MLO-000969

Using Storage Devices

10-19

Removing a Diskette
You must dismount the diskette drive before removing a diskette.

[

For information on dismounting, see Accessing Devices.

To remove a diskette from the diskette slot, push the eject

button in the lower right side of the diskette drive, as shown in
Figure 10-3.

RSSO

\\\

NN
/A

Eject Button

Diskette

Removing a Diskette

Figure 10-3

[

MLO-000970

10-20

Using Storage Devices

11
Hanc ling Problems

This chapter provides procedures for:

Determining the source of your problem

Using the troubleshooting table

If you know the source of your problem, see Table 11-1 for
suggested solutions.

Determining the Source of Your Problem
To determine where your problem is, follow these steps:

Turn your equipment off (0) in the following order:
s

Expansion boxes

. Printer; modem, or other equipment
s
2

System unit and monitor

Check the following connections:
s Monitor cable

Monitor power cord

System unit power cord

Expansion box connector cable

Expansion box power cord

Handling Problems

11-1

3 Turn your equipment back on ( | ) in the following order:
s

Expansion boxes (in the following order):

—

RZ55

—

TK50Z

—

RRDA40

Printers and modems

s System unit and monitor
4

Adjust the contrast and brightness on your monitor.

Using the Troubleshooting Table
After you have determined the source of your problem, follow
these steps:

For problems with your monitor, see your monitor guide.

For problems with the RRD40 compact disc expansion drive,

see the RRD40 Disc Drive Owner’s Manual that comes with
the expansion box, and the VAXstation 3100 Maintenance
Guide. You can purchase the VAXstation 3100 Maintenance

Guide from your Digital sales representative.
s

For other problems:

Note the symptoms of the problem.

Check the Symptom column in Table 11-1 for a match.

Check the conditions for that symptom in the Possible
Cause column. If more than one possible cause is given,
check the possible causes and their suggested solutions in
the order listed.

Follow the advice in the Suggested Solution column.

If a problem persists, call your service representative.

If you perform all the suggested solutions and the problem still
exists, talk to your system manager.
——

11-2

Handling Problems

—

Table 11-1

Troubleshooting
Possible Cause