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Document:	DEMO12 Monitor System User's Guide Version 2
Order Number:	DEC-12-UDEMA-A-D
Revision:	000
Pages:	72
Original Filename:	https://svn.so-much-stuff.com/svn/trunk/pdp8/src/dec/dec-12-udema/dec-12-udema-a-d.pdf

OCR Text

DEM0 12
MONITOR SYSTEM
USER’S GUIDE

333 mm : o

H urn

on u

digital equipment corporation-maynard massachusetts

DEM012
USER’S GUIDE

For additional copies of this document, order No. DEC-12-UDEMA-A-D from Pro$5.00
gram Library, Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard, Mass. 01754 Price

DIGITAL

EQUIPMENT

CORPORATION

MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS

February, 1973

The material in this handbook, including but not limited to instruction
times and operating speeds, is for information purposes and is subject
to change without notice.

The technical changes made since the previous version (DEC-12-UXZB-D) are indicated
by a bar in the margin of the appropriate page.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard,

Massachusetts
DEC

PDP

FLIP CHIP

FOCAL

DIGITAL

COMPUTER LAB

The equipment described herein is covered by patents and patents pending.

DISCLAIMER

The accompanying LINCtape entitled DIAL DEM012 MONITOR SYSTEM 3/15/70 contains a variety of data acquisition, reduction, manipulation, and presenta-

tion programs which operate on the PDP-12A.

All binaries may be loaded via

the DEMO 12 MONITOR and/or DIAL.

All credit for these programs belongs, in most cases, to the original authors.

The only contribution of the current authors was to convert these

programs to run under the DEM012 MONITOR as a convenience to PDP-12 users.
However, the question of responsibility for these programs is a difficult
one.

The original authors cannot be held responsible for correct operation

of the modified programs in

new machine, nor can Digital Equipment Corpora-

tion claim to be responsible because of a lack of internal documentation for
some of the programs.

All appear to work, but it is suggested that the pro-

grams be checked out before basing any substantial conclusions on results

obtained with them.

DIAL sources and listings are available from the Pro-

gram Library for most data reduction programs to allow program verification
and modification.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section

1.1

Loading and Starting DEM012

1-1

1.2

DEM012 tape index

1-2

1.3

Command Keys

1-3

1.4

1-3

1.5

Changing the INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS Frame
Modifying the SUMMARY and HELP Frames

1-5

1.5.1

SUMMARY and HELP Frame Organization

1-5

1.5.2

Mapping the Change

1-6

1.5.3

SUMMARY/ HELP Frame BLOCK Identification and Storage

1-7

1.5.4

Typing the New Frame

1-7

1.5.5

Transferring Modified Frames to DEM012 tape

1-8

1.5.6

Loading DEM012

1-10

1.5.7

Example of SUMMARY and HELP Frame Modification

1-10

1.6

Loading DIAL

1-13

Section

2.1

Demonstration Programs Under Control of the DEM012 Monitor

2-1

2.1.1

DA-DIST or A-DIST

2-1

2.1.2

2-3

2.1.3

DDATA 12 or DATA 12
DMAGSPY or MAGSPY

2.1.4

DFRQANA or FRQANA

2-9

2.1.5

DIAL

2-12

2.1.6

EFREQ12 or FREQ12

2-12

2.1.7

.EWAVES or WAVES

2-14

2.1.8

EB.BALL or B BALL

2-15
2-16

2-7

2.1.9

.EBASMEM or BASMEM

2.1.10

FSOLACE or SOLACE

2-17

2.1.11

MUSIC

2-18

2.1.12

FKALEID or KALE I D

2.1.13

FDRAW12 or DRAW 12

2-19

2.1.14

.FECHASK OR ECHASK

2-20

2.1.15

FSPCWAR or SPCWAR

2-21

2.1.16

TDAYCOM or DAYCOM

2-25

2.1.17

TSTPWCM or STPWCH

2-26

2.1.18

TCLOCK or CLOCK

2-27

2.2

2-19

Programs Under Control of DIAL

2-28

2.2.1

DIAL

2-28

2.2.2

MARK 12

2-28

2.2.3

PIP

2-28

2.2.4

EXPROG

2-2 8

2.25

AD *DEMO

2-28

2.2.6

BINLOAD

2-28

2.2.7

L8SIM

2-29

2.2.8

CONVERT

2-29

2.2.9

FOCAL 4K

2.2.10

CAROLS

2-29

2.3

DIAL Demonstration

2-29

APPENDIX A
KW12 Real Time Clock Subroutine

A-l

FOCAL 8K

2-29

SECTION

OPERATING PROCEDURES
HOW TO USE DEM012

Section

contains all the operating procedures required for DEM012, including starting the system, modifying scope messages and issuing commands
1

A tape Index is also included for easy reference.

1 1
.

Loading and Starting DEM01

The procedure to load DEM012 Monitor is as follows:

Mount the DEM012 tape on tape unit 0

Mount another DEM012 tape or a scratch LINCtape on tape unit
(This step is optional for most DEM012 programs and is re1.
quired only for program assembly. It will, however, increase
DEM012 program loading speed because the index on unit 1 is
available

Set the switches of the tape unit(s) being used to WRITE
ENABLE and REMOTE.

On the console, set the Left Switches to 0700 and the Right
Switches to 0000
•

Rock the STOP switch on the console once to make sure the
processor is stopped.

Set the mode switch to LINC mode and press the I/O PRESET
switch.

Press the DO switch.

When the tape has stopped spinning, press the START 20
switch.

The message INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS will appear briefly
and be replaced by the TALK TO ME balloon on the scope.

When this display appears, type C on the Teletype to display a list
of the operable control keys.
(Refer to section 1.3)
10.

To display the index of the names of the available demonstration programs under DEM012 Monitor control, type CTRL/I.
(Refer to section 1.2.)

11.

When the index is being displayed, type the name of the desired program as it is spelled in the index display and then
press the RETURN key.
The SUMMARY frame of the selected
program will appear.

1-1

1.2

DEMO 12 Tape Index

SOURCE
BLKS
BN
name
LOADER.
SEG01-3.
SEGil-4.
INITLIZ*
GREETIN.
BALLOON.
SEG04-4.
DMOINDX.
Q AND A.
2
24
• DA-DTST
4
26
• DDATA
2
32
.DMAGSPY
2
35
. DFRQANA
45
.DDIAL
2
46
•EFREQ12
2
50
.E WAVES
52
.EB.BALL
53
.EBASMEM
54
. FSOLACE
55
• FMUSI
56
. FKALEI
2
57
. FDRAW
2
61
.FECHASK
3
63
• FSPCWAR
1
66
•TDAYCOM
2
67
. TSTPWCH
71
. TCLOCK
50
103
SCRATCH.
GREETING
5
INDEXSRC 263
2
522
DIAL- V2
MARK 12
PIP
524
EX. PROG.
52 6
AD DEMO
BINLOAD
L8SIM
CONVERT
F0CAL8K
F0CAL4K
CAROLS
2
635
LOADER
17
INITLIZE 641
34
663
SEG0
725 36
SEG
BALLOON
2
04-01-70 527
1

1
1

BINARY
BLKS

3
4

12
17

20
22
1 65
37
1 53
72
1 63
170
1 73
176
201
206
210

2
2

216
220
223
226
244
250
256
776

MO 3L- Hem' ten
i

3
6

10
1

2
3

3
3
5

D^n<nii.Uafci<lvi

l>£NO i,l_

2
3

3
1

6
4
6
5

51 1

470
520
614
535
540
543
550
573
617
637
660
717
763

21
2
3

3
3
5

23
21
1 1

2
3
6
6
5

771

Your index may vary slightly from this sample.

1-2

ludbtvj CDTGU)^

HohjuUtl

1. 3

Command Keys

While under control of the DEM012 Monitor, the following control 1 key commands can be issued at any time to perform the indicated operation.
CTRL/S

Start the demonstration program

CTRL/I

Display the index
Call next program in group
Continue program after interruption

CTRL/N

CTRL/C

CTRL/H

Display the first HELP frame; press CTRL/H again
and go back to control key list

When a HELP frame is presently being displayed, two keys are operable:
F - Move forward to next HELP frame
B - Move

1.4

backward to previous HELP frame

Changi ng the INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS Frame

The

INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS frame which appears on the scope during
startup can be customized to display another message by the procedure be low.
Two LINCtapes are required:
the DEM012 tape on unit 0 and a scratch
LINCtape on unit 1.
1.

Load LAP 6 -DIAL 2 by one of the procedures in section 1.6.

Turn A/D knob

which controls the cursor, all the way

to the right.
3.

Clear the DIAL Working Area by the command

Call the program INITLIZE into the Working Area by typing
-tAP

INITLIZE,#

The tape will spin for several minutes and part of the
source of INITLIZE will appear on the scope.

A control key command is executed by pressing down the CTRL key and
simultaneously typing the letter key (in the same manner as usinq the
y
SHIFT key).
2

LAP6-DIAL is hereafter referred to as DIAL.
In DIAL commands, - means press LINE FEED key
and and

1-3

means press RETURN key

Press ALTMODE and W to page backwards in the text until the
underlined text shown below appears on the scope:
STD
JMP

.-4
TPDX*
0
HOLDON# TEXT "F

M37*

INITIALIZATION

TEXT "F
-37

IS IN PROGRESSV*

/
/

/THE FOLLOWING MUST REMAIN FIXED
/

*761

DQXT*

LDF
JMP

/RETURN FROM DCALL IN

until it is under the

Move the cursor using A/D knob
last S in the word PROGRESS.

Use the RUBOUT key to erase all 18 characters of IS IN
PROGRESS (the 18 include the four spaces at the end) by
pressing RUBOUT 18 times until only HOLDON TEXT "F remains on that line.

10.

Now type in up to 18 characters of your choice for the
Remember that a space is
second line of the frame.
considered a character.
Then, for the first line, use A/D KNOB 3 again to move
RUBOUT
the cursor under the last N of INITIALIZATION.
18 characters, then type in up to 18 characters of your
own as in steps 7 and 8.

Turn A/D KNOB
by typing

Reassemble INITLIZE

fully clockwise.

ASj

(There should be no errors in the assembled program.)
Press the RETURN key when the symbol table starts to be
printed to suppress it.
11.

Store the assembled binary tape unit

by the command

GREETIN , 1 )

+SB
12.

Type
-*

to display the index of tape unit 1 to determine the
The display
three blocks where the binary was stored.
will include an entry like the following:
I NDEXSRC
DJAL-V2
GREETIN
MARK 12
PIP
EX. PROG.
AD DEMO

^ ALTMODE

263
522

524
526

530

51 I

470
520

21
2

61 4

commands are typed ty pressing the ALTMODE key and then the letter key.
1-4

Remember, to step forward through the index one line
at a time, press the 2 key; to step backward, press
the W key.
Refer to the LAP6-DIAL Programmer’s Reference Manual for details.
13.

Write down the block number of the third block of the
In this example, the third
3 block file, GREETIN.
block number is 532.
Press RETURN and transfer the third of these
to block 11 on unit 0 (DEM012 tape) via PIP:

blocks

Load PIP by typing the command
-+pi

Respond to the indicated PIP displays
with the reply listed.
DISPLAY

REPLY
AJ

Mode

Option

Input device

LI 532 ,1 J

Output device

L0 11 J

;

The location 532 from the above example is used here.
Substitute the third block of the value of the program
GREETIN from your unit 1.

1. 5

14.

When the mode option frame is displayed again, stop the
machine by rocking the STOP switch.

15.

Reset the Left and Right Switches and load DEM012 as
The new initialization frame will
in section 1.1.
appear before the TALK TO ME balloon.

Modifying the Summary and Help Frames

The SUMMARY and/or HELP Frames for any demonstration program can be changed
by the user by following the procedure in this section

(1.5.1 to 1.5.7).

helpful to refer to the example in section 1.5.7.

1.5.1

SUMMARY and HELP Frame Organization

Each demonstration program in the DEM012 system has one SUMMARY frame and
at least one HELP frame.

These programs are stored on the LINCtape as

shown in this segment of tape:

1-5

It may be

SUMMARY
FRAME
(program

block n

HELP
FRAME

1st

block n+1

SUMMARY
FRAME
(program 2)
1st HELP
FRAME

2nd HELP
FRAME

block n+2
3rd

HELP
FRAME

SUMMARY

Note that:
a.

block of tape /= 2 frames
2 HELP frames).

frame =

SUMMARY frame +

HELP frame

display on the scope.

Because of this organization:

1.5.2

There must be an odd number of HELP frames,

The two frames in a block must both be transferred.

Mapping the Change
1.

Load DEMO 1 2 by the procedure in section 1.1.
Two LINCtapes are required, the DEM012 tape on unit 0 and a
scratch LINCtape on unit 1.

Display the DEM012 index by typing CTRL/ I

Type the name of the program whose SUMMARY and/or HELP
frames are to be changed and press RETURN.

Display the frame to be modified.
The first source block
contains the SUMMARY frame and the first HELP frame,* the
second block contains the second and third HELP frames.
Type CTRL/H to display the first HELP frame.
F can be
typed to display the next HELP frame or B can be typed
to step backward through the HELP frames.

Use a grid like the following one to map out the new
display.
Both half and full size characters may be
used in any display, but only one size can be displayed
in any line.
Remember that if only one frame in a
block is to be modified, the other frame must at least
be recopied.
Note that no more than 256 half size
characters may be displayed at any time.
21 Full Size Characters
1

1 3

S6 7

|_£

Jl 13 H IS lb 17 it 17 DC 2/

3
Half
Characters

Size

5
Size

Full

'/j

%
42

Half Size Characters

SUMMARY/HELP Frame Block Identification and Storage
1.

Load DIAL by one of the procedures outlined in section 1.6.

Display the DEM012 tape index by typing the command
-+DX , 0

or print it by the command

(Refer to section 1.2.)

PX,0J
3.

Locate the DEM012 program to be changed in the index.
Write down the block number (BN) and number of blocks
(BLKS
for the source of the program.
(This is where
the SUMMARY and HELP frames are located.)
The SUMMARY
frame and first HELP frame are located in the first
block listed; the second block contains the second and
third HELP frames, etc.
)

1.5.4

Return to the DIAL Working Area by pressing RETURN.

Typing the New Frame
1.

Clear the DIAL Working Area by typing the command

For the first frame in the block type

Move the cursor (rotate A/D Knob 3 to the left) under
the zero and press RETURN.
(this avoids the automatic tabs used by the DIAL Editor)
1-7

(*9CL tL )

Characters

Type

TEXT

and then F or H to indicate full or half size characters,
respectively, for the first line of the frame as, for example

TEXT %F
Note that % is arbitrarily being used as the delimiter and
Any other delimiter
therefore cannot be used in the text.
restriction.
same
the
with
may be used, but
5.

Type the first line of the frame

and then press RETURN.

TEXT %FSSW1.
6.

Type F or H to indicate character size of the next line.
Then type the next line and press RETURN.

DISPLAY

F=J0... DIGIT
7.

.DISPLAY MODE

Type F or H for character size of the third line and type
the text of the third line:
H

(16

CHANNELS AT A TIME^

Note that typing a space and RETURN on a line after F or
H leaves a blank line.
8.

Continue in this manner until the frame is filled as desired.

Type the two characters \ % at the end of the frame.
is typed by SHIFT/L.)
backslash, \

(The

10.

Type the second frame of the block by proceeding as in
steps 3 through 8 above except type *200 instead of *0
in step 2.
,

11.

Now one block of tape (two frames) has been modified.
To alter the next block (next two HELP frames) proceed as
in steps 2 through 10 but use *400 and *600 instead of *0
and *200 in steps 2 and 10 if more blocks are to be modified, use *1000 and * 1200 etc., (up to * 11 600 ).
;

1.5.5

Transferring Modified Frames to DEM012 Tape

Assemble the text written in the Working Area by the command

— AS*)
(Be sure A/D Knob
to translate it to binary coding.
is turned all the way to the right.)
2.

When no errors are noted, store the binary on the tape
on unit 1 by a Save Binary command, such as
SB FRAM,1^

1-8

Display the index to locate where the binary has been
stored using the command

-DX, ij
Remember that the first block is a header block and
should be disregarded.

N AM E

LOADER.
SEG0I-3.
SEG 1-4.
INITLIZ.
GkEETIN.
BALLOON.
SEG04- 4.
DMOINDX.
0 AND A.
•DA-DTST
. DDATA12
. DM AGSPY
. DFkC ANA

SOURCE
BLKS

BINARY
RLK5

0
4

2
4

32
35
45
46
50
52
53
54
55
56

DDI AL

EFREG12
EWAVES

EB. BALL

EBASMEM
FSOLACE

•

FMUSI C

3
6

2
2

170
173
176
20

3
3

206

2
6
2

1
1

TO AY COM

TSTPWCH

T CLOCK

7 1

SCRATCH.

103

INDEX SRC

263
52?

3
5

2 10
2 1 6

220
22 3
22 6
2*A

3
1

25O
2 56

51 1

47 0

524
526

6
4
6

PIP
EX • PROG*
AD DEMO

53
1

6 1

J I AL- V?
M ARK 1 2

53
72
63

2
2

20
22
165

•FKALEID
FDKAW
FECHASK
FSPCWAR
.

PA
26

3
4

520

6 1 4

Now use PIP to move the appropriate block (s) stored
on unit 1 to the appropriate area on the DEM012 tape.
Call PIP by typing

- PI^
(The values used
Respond to the displays as follows.
here for input and output device are for the modification of the program A-DTST
.

1.5.6

1.5.7

DISPLAY

Mode
Option
Input device
Output device

A J

LI 532 lj*
;

Lj3;2 4

Loading DEMQ12
1.

Load DEMO 12 by the procedure in section 1.1 and call
the program that was modified.

Observe the modified frames.

If they are not as desired, return to the DIAL Working
Area and try again.

Example of SUMMARY and HELP Frame Modification
The A-DTST program is used in this example.
1.

Load DIAL by one of the procedures in section 1.6.

Display h*DX,0 *J
or print index (-*PX, 0 J
to find
location of the SUMMARY/HELP frames. Note the block
number and number of blocks for the A-DTST source.
J

)

AND A.
DA-DTST
DDATA12
DMAGSPY
DFRGANA

2
A

26
32

2
2

22
65
37
53
72

2
3
6

10
i

Return to DIAL Working Area by pressing the RETURN key.

Clear the Working Area (-*CL^

Type *0 and move cursor via A/D Knob
of the automatic tab problem.

Press the RETURN key, type TEXT % and continue to type the frames
as they are mapped onto the grid, including F or H for full or
half size characters.

)

1-10

under 0

(

)

to take care

TEXT

***********************

A-D TEST
************************

FDISPLAYS OCTAL VALUE
FOR AN OSCILLOSCOPE-

SUMMARY
FRAME

FLIKE DESPLAY OF THE
FINPUT VOLTAGE.
DIS
FPL AY OF INPUT WAVE-

FFORM IS AVAILABLE .\%
*200

TEXT

******************************

A-D

HELP
FRAME X

TEST
******************************

FSSW0.

.CHANNEL SELECT

H
F

CHANNELS

0-17

CHANNELS

20-37

F
H

(MORE)

*400

TEXT

SSW1.

.DISPLAY MODE

H
F

=0.. DIGIT DISPLAY

HELP
FRAME

(16 CHANNELS AT A TIME)

H
2

=1. .OSCILLOSCOPE-

LIKE DISPLAY

(SET DESIRED CHANNEL

NO.

IN LEFT SWITCHES)

H
F*

6 00

TEXT

HELP
FRAME

F
F
F
F

CONTROL S TO START \%
%

CONTROL

TO START \%

1-11

Move A/D Knob 3 all the way to the right and then
assemble (—AS J) so that there are 0000 errors.

Store the binary listing on unit

Locate where the binary was stored by
(-'PX,1

N.B.

)

(—SB

FRAM,lJ).

(~*DX f

lJ) or

The first block is a header block and should be
ignored:

SOURCE
BLKS

NAME

BINARY
BLKS

•
•v

•
•

227
243

FRAM

531

-3

AD DEMO 267
KW12SUBC 602
MARK12

541

607

TCLOCK

225
241

1
4

3
4

10
11

1
1

12
17

WRI TABLE 110
DEMOINDX 20
10.
22
QANDA

LOADER
BANK0. 3BANK1 4INITLIZ.
GREETIN.
BALLOON.
.

BANKJZf. 1-

Call PIP

1
2

(—PI J)

to transfer new text to DEM012.

Select the following options.
REPLY

DISPLAY
Mode option
Option
Input device
Output device

A J

LI; 532,2 J

L0;2<U

11.

Load DEMO 12 (refer to section 1.1) and call A-DTST
to check the results.

12.

If there are mistakes, return to the DIAL Working Area,
edit (refer to LAP6 -DIAL Programmer's Reference Manual),
reassemble, rePIP, etc.

1-12

1. 6

Loading DIAL

DIAL can be loaded by either of the following procedures.

Directly from tape:
1.

Mount the DEM012 tape on tape unit 0 and another DEM012
tape or a scratch LINCtape on unit 1.

Set the switches of both tape inits to WRITE ENABLE and
REMOTE

Set the Left Switches to 0701 and the Right Switches
to 7300.

Rock the STOP switch once to make sure the machine is stopped.

Set the mode switch to LINC Mode and then press I/O PRESET.

Press DO.

When the tape has stopped spinning, press START 20

You may
The DIAL Working Area appears on the scope.
now write a program, edit text, or give a command (make
sure A/D Knob 3 is turned all the way to the right).
Refer to the LAP6-DIAL Programmer’s Reference Manual
DEC-12-ADRMA-A-D, for
further information.

Via the DEM012 Monitor:
1.

Load DEMO 12 by steps 1 through 10 of the procedure in secTwo tapes are required;
tion 1.1.
mount a scratch LINCtape on unit 1.

When DEM012 index frame is displayed on scope, type DIAL
and press RETURN.

Type CTRL/S.
The DIAL Working Area appears on the scope.
Continue as in step 8 iove.

1-13

SECTION

DESCRIPTIONS OF

DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS

Section 2 outlines all the demonstration
programs on the DEMO], 2 tape.
The frrst part, section 2.1, contains
write-ups of the demonstration
programs under DEM012 Monitor control which
include abstracts, starting and operating procedures; and the
SUMMARY and HELP frames. Listings of most of these programs are
available under separate cover.
The second part, section 2.2, describes
the other programs on the
tape;
these are loaded by the DIAL system.
(Refer to the LAP 6 -DIAL
Programmer's Reference Manual, DEC-12-ADRMA-A-D
for further information.)

Demonstration Programs Under Control of the DEM012 Monitor

2 . 1

Each of the demonstration programs under control of the DEM012 Monitor
can be loaded through that Monitorthe procedure in section 1.1.

tion program index.

The Monitor must first be loaded by

Then type CTRL/I to display the demonstra-

Type the name of the program as it is spelled on

the scope and press the RETURN key.

that explains what the program does.

A SUMMARY frame

appears on the scope

Type CTRL/S now to load and start

the program or type CTRL/H to obtain additional information from the

HELP frames.

CTRL/S loads and starts a program at any time after it

has been selected from the index.

First
Seven of the demonstration programs can be loaded through DIAL.
Then
type
~*L0
name, 0j.
load DIAL by one of the procedures in section 1.6.

When the tapes stop moving, press the V 0 PRESET and then the START 20
Type the name of the program exactly as it appears in the
switches.
Refer to the index in secDIAL index for name in the command above.
to find the correct spelling.
The
tion 1.2. or type -*DX,0 J or -*PX,0^

demonostration programs which can be loaded and started in this manner
are

.
.
.

.
.

DA-DTST
DMAGSPY
E WAVES
EB BALL
FKALEID
FSPCWAR
FMUSIC
.

(No need to press I/O PRESET and START 20.

Just turn up speaker!

When these programs are loaded by DIAL, no SUMMARY or HELP frames are
displayed and none of the DEM012 control keys are operable.
2. !

.DA-DTST or A-DTST

Analog to Digital Converter Multiplexer Text and Display

ABSTRACT
A-DTST is used to test the A/D knobs for continuity, check the basic A/D
for monotonicity,

and test and calibrate the preamps for gain and offset.

A provision for testing sixteen additional A/D channels is included for
the AM12-AG12 multiplex extension.

2-1

Three methods are provided for testing the knobs and adjusting the preamps.

Adjustment of the latching differential amplifier or the sample and
For adjustment of these modules see the aphold is not normally required.
propriate maintenance manual.)
(NOTE:

OPERATING PROCEDURES
Set the program for the first display.
Set all Sense Switches to 0
Adjust the scope intensity to a comfortable viewing level.
(If any diffi.

culty is encountered, it is a hardware problem and must be corrected before
proceeding.)
Note that this program does not use a fast sample mode.
The following Sense Switch settings implement the indicated action.

SSW0 = 0

SSWJZf

Channels 00-17

^ are sampled and displayed.

Channels 20-37 lo
\

are sampled and displayed

These channels are optional on the PDP-12; if
not installed, the value displayed for each
channel will be 777 /ON
.

SSW1 =

The channel selected by bits 07-11 of the Left
Switches will be displayed as a full display.

SSW2 -

Channels 0-7 are sampled and displayed as
segmented display.

SSW3 =

Channels 10-17 are sampled and displayed as
segmented scope display.

SSW4 = 1

Channels 20-27 are sampled and displayed as
segmented scope display.

SSW5 =

Channels 30-37 are sampled and displayed as
segmented scope display.

The display routine for options C through G
will trigger to the input if it is an AC signal
with at least two bits (.4MV) of change within
15 MS for each channel.

For adjustment of the AD12/AM12/AG12 A to D converter, refer to the
Checks and Adjustments section of the PDP-12 Maintenance Manual.

This test has no error routines; if difficulty is encountered with the
SAM instruction, check the A to D control.
If difficulty is encountered

with the potentiometers, it will most likely be either the mutliplexer or
the pots themselves.
If difficulty is encountered with the external analog channels, check the preamplifiers.
2-2

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A-D
Summary Frame

TEST

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
DISPLAYS OCTAL VALUE
OR AN OSCILLOSCOPELIKE DISPLAY OF THE
INPUT VOLTAGE.
DISPLAY OF INPUT WAVEFORM IS AVAILABLE.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A-D TEST
Help Frames
1

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
SSW0
CHANNEL SELECT
=0 ... CHANNELS 0-17
=1
CHANNELS 20-37
.

SSW1
DISPLAY MODE
=0 ... DIGIT DISPLAY
(16 CHANNELS AT A TIME)
=1
OSCILLOSCOPELIKE DISPLAY
(SET DESIRED CHANNEL
NO. IN LEFT SWITCHES)

CONTROL

TO START

Demonstrates
1.

Digitizing analog inputs from potentiometers (0 -7
y
8
and from 8 analog channels (10 -17
both of
which can be connected to analog input devices.

)

2. i.

Expandability of the AD12 to 32 input channels.

Verification of A/D calibration and function.

Generation of constants via the A/D potentiometers.

DDATA12 or DATA12

ABSTRACT
DATA 12 allows the user to sample any one of the 32 A/D channels and display the waveform on the scope as the data is received.
A threshold is
provided, as well as a sync-slope control for synchronizing on the input
The display can be frozen at any time, and the data manipulated by

wave.

2-3

as well as
variation of the DATAM program. A movable cursor is provided
under the cursor.
digit octal readout which gives the value of the data point
differentiation,
The manipulation routine includes scaling, integration,
a

inversion, a bargraph, and tape reading and writing.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
DATA12 begins by displaying the first block of data read.
following keys are then active:

Any of the

Action

Add the contents of the Right Switches to each datum
in quarter 7; if bit 0 of the Right Switches is set,
the other 11 bits are complemented and effectively
subtracted from each datum.

Display the data as a bar graph.

Differentiate the waveform.

Run the data through a low pass filter.

Run the data through a high pass filter.

Integrate the waveform.

Double each datum.

Load the original data from cjuarter 6 back into
and display the original waveform.
quarter 7,

Invert the polarity of the data being displayed.

READ a block of tape from any of the eight LINCtape
transports. Note that this operation proceeds in
NO PAUSE mode; if an unselected transport is specified, the command remains lingering until replaced
with a new read or write tape instruction, or until
the correct transport number is set on the transport
indicator.

Halve the displayed data.

(This command
Write the data being displayed onto tape.
proceeds in NO PAUSE mode with extended units; the
same caution as specified in read (R above) applies with
the additional requirement that the command "linger"
until the specified unit is WRITE ENABLEd.)

Sample the external A/D channel specified at the rate
of the decimal multiple of 50 microseconds selected.

2-4

After typing X, specifying the channel number and sample rate, and sampling for awhile, the following options apply:

Typing any key terminates sampling and returns to display the
last collection of saved data points.

Typing 0 terminates sampling and transfers the last 256 points
into the display buffer, thus treating the last 256 points colPressing carriage RETURN returns to sampling of
lected as data.
the last selected channel at the last selected sampling rate.

The following Sense Switches

(set to

perform the indicated function:

Action

Sense Switch

0=1

Continues sampling until the current trace of the
display is complete, then terminates sampling and
displays the last trace, treating it as original
data.

= 1

Functions as a polarity slope switch for synchronizing on either the positive slope (SSW1=0) or the
negative slope (SSW1=1) of the external A/D input.

= 1

Suppresses the cursor and octal readout.

= 1

Suppresses the

level baseline.

The A/D potentiometers are used as follows:

Function

Knob

Adjusts the bias level added to each sample during
sampling only.

No function.

Adjusts the horizontal position of the four digit
octal readout from the cursor.

No function.

Adjusts the threshold level at which the program
syncs onto the level at the selected A/D channel.
Adjusts the position of the cursor on the waveform
being displayed, and thus the point whose digitized
value appears on the scope.
Adjusts the vertical position of the four digit
octal readout from the cursor.
Not used by this program.

2-5

DATA 12

Summary Frame

.FAST SAMPLE THE A-D
..WRITE DATA ON TAPE
.MANIPULATE DATA
(differentiate integrate
filter, scale, etc.)
.

Help Frames
TYPE:
TO DO
A ... ADD RIGHT SWITCHES
B ... BAR GRAPH
(type C to return to data display)
1

D ... DIFFERENTIATE
F ... FILTER (LOW PASS)
H ... FILTER (HIGH PASS)

L ...
0
P
R ...

...
.

CR.

INTEGRATE
MAKE LARGER
ORIGINAL DATA
INVERT POLARITY
READ A TAPE BLOCK

MAKE SMALLER
WRITE DATA ON TAPE
NEW EXTERNAL INPUT
(return to channel select frame)

REPEAT SAMPLING
(OF THE SAME CHANNEL)

SENSE SWITCHES:
STOP AFTER 1ST
SWEEP AND DISPLAY
SLOPE CONTROL
(INPUT SYNCHRONIZATION)
... SUPPRESS CURSOR
... SUPPRESS BASELINE

...

5
2
6

KNOBS
SAMPLING DC BIAS
THRESHOLD
... CURSOR
... X-COORDINATE
Y- COORDINATE

Demonstrates
1.

Mathematical data analysis and manipulation visible on
the VR12 display.

LINCtape as a data storage medium.

Sense Switches and A/D Knobs as a mode of interaction
with the PDP-12.

Data acquisition via A/D converter.
2-6

2.1.3

DMAGSPY or MAGSPY

ABSTRACT
The
MAGSPY provides a moving window for scanning data stored on LINCtape.
data is scanned or halted on the scope at a rate determined by the setting
The data can be interpreted as waveforms, packed ASCII characof A/D Knob 7.
ters, or four digit octal numbers, in either

half or full size characters.

In the octal display, the leftmost column indicates the position of the

first octal value of column two in the block currently being displayed.
Therefore, each 12-bit word on tape down to the bit position on tape may
be examined and identified by position in a block of tape.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
After loading MAGSPY the following message is displayed:
DATA BEGINS
IN BLOCK
OF UNIT _
Type the starting tape block number, 0 to 777, and press RETURN.
Type the tape drive number, 0 to
(Leading zeros are not required.)

(Refer to DECand press the LINE FEED key to begin displaying tape blocks.
(The unit and block number display
12-FISA-D for operational details.)
is initially in full-size character mode.

However, it may appear in half-

size character mode if waveform display was the last mode when returning
from the text display.)

RESTART
To restart MAGSPY to select another option, tape drive, or initial starting

block number, use Ihe following procedure:
a.

Press STOP

Set 4020 in the Left Switches

Press START LS

WAVEFORM DISPLAY
When Sense Switch 0 is set, the data on the tape blocks is interpreted as
vertical coordinates for a point display. A vertical line marks the diviTo display increasing tape block numbers, turn A/D
sion between blocks.
Knob

counterclockwise.

ning of the tape.

A clockwise rotation will move toward the begin-

A center position halts the display.

^Sense Switch n being "set" means

Sense Switch n =
2-7

TEXT DISPLAY
If Sense Switch 0 is not set,

the data on tape is interpreted as packed

If Sense Switch

ASCII characters.

is set,

the text is displayed in

full-size mode; if it is not set, data is displayed in half-size mode.
The current block number and unit are displayed at the top of the scope.

A horizontal bar indicates the end of the current block.

A carriage

RETURN on the tape will create a new source line on the display.

DIAL

sources are stored in packed ASCII.

Rotating A/D Knob
the tape

counterclockwise moves the display toward the end of

(BLK 000 follows BLK 777)

rotating it in the opposite direction

displays data toward the beginning of the tape.

A center position main-

tains a steady display.

OCTAL DISPLAY
If Sense Switch 2 is set,

the data on tape is interpreted as an octal 12

bit value from 0000 to 7777.
of numbers.

The display takes the form of five columns

The leftmost column indicatesthe position of the first octal

value of column

in the block currently being displayed.

Therefore, each

12-bit word on tape down to the bit position on tape may be examined and

identified by position in

block of tape.

MAGSPY
Summary Frame

A MOVING WINDOW
FOR SCANNING A
LINC-TAPE
MAGSPY CONTROL

Help Frames

SENSE SWITCH 0
=0
DISPLAY TEXT
=1 ... DISPLAY WAVE FORM
:

SENSE SWITCH 1:
= 0
DISPLAY SMALL TEXT
= 1
DISPLAY LARGE TEXT
.

SENSE SWITCH 2:
= 0
DISPLAY SYMBOLIC TEXT
= 1
DISPLAY OCTAL TEXT
.

A-D KNOB 7:
TURN CLOCKWISE TO MOVE TOWARD
BEGINNING OF TAPE.
TURN COUNTER-CLOCKWISE TO MOVE
TOWARD END OF TAPE.
2

2-8

* REMEMBER!

HIT RETURN KEY TO RETURN
TO DEMO MONITOR.

CONTROL

TO START

Demonstrates
1.

LINCtape as an extension of core and simultaneous read and
display of data via fully buffered controller.

Block-oriented format of LINCtape.

Three methods of data translation:
a.

b.
c.

2.1.4

Analog
ASCII text
Octal

A/D knobs for user control of LINCtape and programs.

Easy retrieval of stored data for further study.

DFRQANA or FRQANA

ABSTRACT
FRQANA performs frequency analysis resulting in thirty-two component cosine,
Data and coefficient displays can be scaled; the
sine, and rms spectra.
original data can be resynthesized from the sine and cosine components to
check visually the accuracy of the analysis.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
When the program is first started, and each time R is typed, new input data
(2

blocks) can be retrieved from LINCtape by supplying values to the follow-

ing message on the scope:

RETRIEVE DATA
(2 BLOCKS)
STARTING AT BLOCK
UNIT
Type the number of the first of two consecutive LINCtape blocks to be analyzed and press the RETURN key.
-1

Leading zeros must be typed

unit number to be read, 0
and press the LINE FEED key.
specified are read in and displayed.
,

2-9

Type the tape

The two blocks

Data input can then be scaled by typing L to increase the vertical scale
by 50 percent or by typing S to decrease the vertical scale by 50 percent;
L or S may be typed repeatedly,

if desired.

To perform the frequency analysis, type F.

When the analysis is complete,

the display will reappear according to which display option previously had

been chosen.
To compute the resynthesized waveform from the frequency components, type

Again the display will reappear according to the display option that
If the display option is I, input data, the second trace
had been chosen.

is the resynthesized waveform.

The input data can be compared with the re-

synthesized waveform by turning knob 1. Knob 1 is a trace separator, affecting only the vertical display of the data. When the knob is turned
fully counterclockwise, the top trace is the original data.

At any time during operation, a different display may be selected by typing
To select the input data and resynthesized waveform
the appropriate key.
display, the user types

This is the display that appears immediately

after a program start or restart.
The command C causes the frequency component display to appear with the co-

sine components on the left and the sine components on the right.
be scaled using knob

To select an rms spectrum for display, type P.

scaled by knob

These can

This display can also be

Each bar in the graph of the components and the rms spectra represents a
single frequency component from 1 to 32, i.e., the first bar is the compo-

nent for the

cycle signal generator, the second bar is the component for

the two-cycle signal generator, etc.

The absolute frequency of the analyzed

waveform components can only be obtained by taking the time period represented by the 512 data points sampled? this will vary depending on the
If the sampling rate were 512
sampling rate used to collect the data.
points/second when the data was taken, then each bar of the graph repreIf
sents the absolute components of the frequency domains 1 through 32.
the rate were 1024 points/second, then the bars represent frequencies 2,
4,

If,

64 cps.

at any time,

the user wishes to select new input data for analysis,

he simply types R to restart the program.

2-10

KNOB COMMANDS

Knob

Trace separator (original data and resynthesized data)

Knob

Modify spectrum scale

TELETYPE COMMANDS
S

Halve data

Enlarge data by half

Generate Fourier Coefficients

Resynthesize F(t)

Display power spectrum

Display sine and cosine components
Display input data (and resynthesize data if T had
been typed)
Restart and retrieve data from tape

(do

frequency analysis)

FRQANA
Summary Frame
(frequency analysis
COMPUTATION OF THE
FREQUENCY COMPONENTS
OF WAVEFORM AND THE
RESYNTHESIS OF THEM
FROM STORED DATA.

Help Frame

FRQANA
TRACE SEPARATOR
MODIFY SPECTRUM SCALE
2

KNOB
KNOB
TYPE

TO DO

GENERATE FOURIER
COEFFICIENTS
T ... RESYNTHESIZE f(t)
MAKE DATA SMALLER
S
BY HALF
MAKE DATA LARGER
L
BY HALF
F

TYPE:
P
C
2

...

TO DO
DISPLAY POWER SPECTRUM
DISPLAY COSINE AND SINE
COEFFICIENTS
DISPLAY INPUT DATA
RETRIEVE DATA FROM TAPE

HIT CONTROL S TO START

Demonstrates
1.

Rapid and convenient decomposition of a waveform into its
components

2-11

Resynthesis of data from computed coefficients and, thus,
visual estimation of accuracy of the analysis.

2.1

DIAL
For ABSTRACT and OPERATING PROCEDURES, see Section 2.2.1.

Summary Frame
HIT CONTROL S AND
THE DIAL OPERATING
SYSTEM TAKES OVER

Help Frame

HIT CONTROL

Demonstrates

2 . i

Transferring control from the DEM012 Monitor to DIAL without using the console switches.

Restarting DIAL automatically by a user program option.

EFREQ12 or FREQ12

ABSTRACT
FREQ 12 analyzes one period of a periodic waveform into sixteen Fourier components and displays the power spectrum continuously on channel 0 and the

incoming data on channel 1 of the scope.

OPERATING PROCEDURES

waveform determined by knob 7 is generated
Setting Sense Switch 0 up will freeze the wave-

If all Sense Switches are down,
(into locations 300-467).

form, display the Fourier components plotted as a bar histogram, and dis-

The
play the relative value of the component on which the cursor rests.
Y-axis
equal
the
Fourier components are displayed as a power spectrum with
2

to A +B

2
,

where A is the sine and B is the cosine coefficient.

The posiThe cursor may be moved via knob 0 when Sense Switch 0 is set.
In the readtion of the cursor readout may be altered with knobs 4 and 6.
out, n = the frequency component that the cursor rests on; xxxx is the

relative value of the nth component, and SF is the scale factor of the
The scale factor is determined by the right three bits
Fourier Components.
of the Right Switches when Sense Switch 0 is down

2-12

(= 0 )

Right Switches = 0 is the largest scale factor
Right Switches = 7 is the smallest scale factor
To sample data from any desired A/D channel, stop FREQ12

change the con-

tents of locations 52 and 267 to SAM N=100+N where N is the desired channel,
and then press START 20

Summary Frame
(FOURIER ANALYSIS)
THIS PROGRAM WILL
ANALYZE A WAVEFORM
INTO 16 FOURIER
COMPONENTS.
A CURSOR
IS PROVIDED TO READ
OUT THE AMPLITUDES.
Help Frames

FREQ12
SENSE SWITCH 0

=0 GENERATE WAVEFORM WITH KNOB
=1 DISPLAY COMPONENTS

WHEN SENSE SWITCH 0=1
KNOB 0 - MOVES CURSOR
KNOB 4 - HORIZ. POSIT.
OF READOUT
KNOB 6 - VERT. POSIT.
OF READOUT

SCALE FACTOR EQUALS:
RIGHT SWITCH SETTING
WHEN YOU CHANGE
SENSE SWITCH 0 FROM
A 0 SETTING TO 1.

Demonstrates
1.

On-line Fourier decomposition of a waveform (quantitative
first approximation at Fourier analysis).

Simultaneous acceptance of data on-line, complex computation with that data, and display of the results.

User interaction via Sense Switches.

Use of the two scope channels.

2-13

2.1.7

.EWAVES or WAVES

ABSTRACT
WAVES produces a model of a sound wave with reflection generation and har-

monic beating on the scope.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
Set
Upon loading WAVES, a traveling sine wave is generated on the scope.
The following controls are available:
all Sense Switches down initially.

When Sense Switch 2 = 0
controls the frequency of the sine wave
Knob 5
controls the amplitude of the sine wave
Knob 7
:

When Sense Switch 2 — II
determines the waveform generated by sampling
Knob 6
(This
the value of this knob; time is constant.
is used to generate your own waveshape.)
Knobs

and

are inoperative when SSW2 = 1.

Other Sense Switches:
SSW0=1
-0

SSW1=

causes the wave to reflect off the scope's edge.
no reflection

determines polarity of reflection when SSW0 is up.

positive reflection

negative reflection

SSW3=1
=0

freezes waveform

traveling waveform

Summary Frame

SIMULATION OF
SOUND WAVES
MOVING IN AIR

Help Frames

START WITH SENSE
SWITCHES AT ZERO

SINE WAVE
KNOB 5 KNOB 7 KNOB 6 -

CONTROL:
FREQUENCY
AMPLITUDE
GENERATE WAVEFORM
IF SENSE SWITCH 2=1

SENSE SWITCH 0:
=1 - REFLECT WAVE OFF SCOPE EDGE
=0 - NO REFLECTION

2-14

SENSE SWITCH 1:
=1 - POSITIVE REFLECTION
=0 - NEGATIVE REFLECTION
SENSE SWITCH 3:
=1 - FREEZE WAVEFORM
=0 - TRAVELING WAVEFORM

CONTROL S TO START

Demonstrates
Interactive physical model (PDP-12 Simulation) WAVES permits
sound wave parameter modification and immediate display of re-

;

sult.

2.1.8

EB BALL or B BALL
.

ABSTRACT
B BALL displays a bouncing ball’s path on the scope;
.

the resiliency of

the ball and the height from which it will be dropped are the adjustable

parameters
Knob 0 of the A/D converter controls the height of the ball for the initial
1 of the A/D converter controls the elasticity

drop; analog channel knob

of the ball and can be varied from 0

to a theoretical 100%.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
A/D Knobs
0

controls height from which ball will be dropped.
controls resiliency of the ball (from 0% to a theoretical 100 %)

Sense Switch:
0=1

freezes the path of the ball.

Summary Frame
*
*
B. BALL
(bouncing ball)
CONTROL THE RESILIENCY OF THE BALL AND
THE HEIGHT FROM WHICH
IT IS DROPPED.

2-15

Help Frame

KNOB 0
KNOB

CONTROLS HEIGHT
OF FIRST BOUNCE
... CONTROLS RESILIENCE
OF BOUNCES THEREAFTER

SWITCH 0=1

FREEZES PATH
OF THE BALL

Demonstrates
Simulation of a physical event permitting user interaction
through A/D knobs and Sense Switches.

.EBASMEM or BASMEM

2.1.9

ABSTRACT

BASMEM displays a simplified model of sound wave transmission through the
Any point of time may
cochlea in the inner ear to the basilar membrane.
be selected; the amplitude of the incoming sound wave can be adjusted.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
controls the amplitude scale factor and should be adjusted when
Knob 0 allows selection of any point in time.
the program is started.
Note that the frequency of the sound wave is constant.
Knob

The wave should appear as follows

If this is the case

(below)

(traveling to the right)

adjust the amplitude (knob

until the model

is accurate, as:

OCXlXXXx^ocy>^
Remember

this model is a linear display of the circular cochlea.

phase read-out is in radians
If Sense Switch

by knob

= 1,

The

(octal)

movable phase indicator

appears along with the phase value.

tive to the base of the cochlea.

2-16

cursor controlled

Phase is indicated rela-

BASMEM

Summary Frame

A MODEL ILLUSTRATING
SOUND TRANSMISSION
IN THE INNER EAR
THROUGH THE COCHLEA
TO THE BASILAR
MEMBRANE
Help Frame

BASMEM
KNOB 0
ALLOWS SELECTION
OF A POINT IN TIME
:

KNOB 1:
ADJUSTS THE AMPLITUDE
OF INCOMING SOUND WAVE
SENSE SWITCH 1=1:
KNOB 2 WILL
CONTROL CURSOR
(GIVES DISTANCE INTO THE
COCHLEA IN RADIANS)

Demonstrates
Interactive simulation of a biological phenomenon - compression of sound from the spiral cochlea to the basilar membrane.

2.1.10

FSOLACE or SOLACE

ABSTRACT
SOLACE displays both a martini of variable size and an olive on different
D/A channels.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
If the display channel switch

set to 1&2

(above upper right hand corner of scope)

both martini and olive are displayed? channel

only the martini, channel

displays

displays only the olive.

The level of fluid
martini.
in the alass will automatically go down as the computer drinks the
It them refills the glass and drinks another martini.
2

A/D knob 0 will vary the size of the martini; the size of the olive remains
constant.

2-17

SOLACE

Summary Frame

ALLEVIATION OF GRIEF
OR ANXIETY
Webster* s Collegiate
Dictionary, 1961

SOLACE
Help Frame
KNOB 0

CHAN 1
CHAN 2
CHAN 1&2

CONTROL

GLASS SIZE

DISPLAY GLASS
DISPLAY OLIVE
.. DISPLAY
BOTH
TO START

Demonstrates
1.

Two independent VR12 scope channels.

A/D Knobs to change operating parameters.

MUSIC

2.1.11

Summary Frame
THIS PROGRAM IS
RATED "R"
FOR RELAXATION ONLY

Help Frame

TURN UP THE SPEAKER VOLUME
AND JUST LISTEN!

CONTROL

TO START

Demonstrates
1.

Presence of a speaker usually used for audio checking
of data input and for diagnostic programs.

2-18

2.1.12

FKALEID or KALE ID

ABSTRACT
KALE ID displays a kaleidoscope pattern on the scope and can be simply modified to output onto an XY12 plotter.

If the speaker is turned up,

interest-

ing tone patterns are audible.

Summary Frame

KALEIDOSCOPE
"POP ART"
ON THE

GREEN MACHINE
Help Frame
HAVE FUN

ADJUST THE PICTURE
WITH KNOB 7
TRY THE SPEAKER TOO.

2.1.13

FDRAW12 or DRAW12

ABSTRACT
DRAW 12 permits the user to create straight line drawings on the scope.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
Four knobs are used to control the drawing of a line:
.

Knob

controls the y- coordinate of one end of the line

Knob _2

controls the y-coordinate of the other end

Knob _1

controls the x-coordinate of one end of the line

Knob _3

controls the x-coordinate of the other end

To fix a line onto the scope,

type any key on the keyboard

All

;

lines fixed will be displayed simultaneously.
To erase the last line fixed, press the DELETE or RUBOUT key.

Successive

typing of RUBOUT will delete all stored lines.
To begin a new drawing either restart the program or delete all lines of

the old drawing.

2-19

A simple modification to this program is to sample knob 5 to vary
the number of blank points to skip before display of the lines.
That is, the line described by the coordinate pairs 12,0; 0,0 would
normally contain 13 displayed points but by varying knob
can display every other point, thus reducing flicker.
Summary Frame

the line

(PDP-12 DRAWING PAD)

THIS PROGRAM CULTIVATES
LATENT ARTISTIC TALENT
BY PERMITTING THE
OPERATOR TO CREATE
STRAIGHT LINE DRAWINGS
ON THE PDP-12 SCOPE.
Help Frame

KNOB 0
KNOB 1

Y coordinate of start of line
X coordinate of start of line

KNOB
KNOB

Y coordinate of end of line
X coordinate of end of line

2
3

TO DO:
FIX A LINE
DELETE A LINE
RUB-OUT
CARRIAGE RETURN - START OVER

TYPE:

CONTROL

TO START

.FECHASK or ECHASK

2.1.14

ABSTRACT
.ECHASK (Etch-a-Sketch) displays the path of a dot which can be moved

horizontally and vertically using the A/D knobs and Sense Switches.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
After the program ECHASK is loaded,

dot is displayed on the screen.

Move

the dot horizontally by rotating A/D knob 0 and vertically by rotating knob
4.

As the dot moves,

its path is recorded and displayed.

play up to 1100 Q points before filling its buffer.
o
and

provide the following capabilities

Sense Switch

Setting

None

Erases display

Effect

2-20

ECHASK will dis-

Sense Switches

Effect

Sense Switch

Setting

Freezes display when buffer fills.

Erases points from beginning of display
while adding new points to the tail of
the etch.

Normal display mode, accepting contiguous points.

Continues displaying new points as dot
is moved but, after switch is restored
to 0 erases dots accepted when switch
was set to 1.
,

ECHASK

Summary Frame
(Etch- a- Sketch)

THIS PROGRAM TRACES
THE PATH OF A DOT
AS YOU MOVE IT
ACROSS THE SCREEN.

Help Frame

KNOB
KNOB

moves dot vertically
moves dot horizontally

SENSE SWITCH 5:
=1 erase screen
SENSE SWITCH 4:
=
stop when buffer
is full

when haffer fills,
begin erasing from
beginning

SENSE SWITCH
3

^
II r—

trace continuous
path of dot
erase segment drawn
while switch = 1

This switch allows user to draw
disjointed line segments.

CONTROL S TO START

2.1.15

FSPCWAR or SPCWAR

ABSTRACT:
A tactical battle between two space vehicles armed with explosive rockets
is simulated on the scope.

Control is effected through the analog knobs

and Sense Switches, although provision has been made to use external analog

input and octernal sense lines.

2-21

SPACEWARE OPERATING PROCEDURES
Initialization
SPCWAR0 is started at address 4020 in LINC mode? SPCWAR1 is called
from the demo library by typing SPCWAR, which functions as a link-

Both start the program with the

ing loader for the main program.

following display:
display

*******
*

SPACEWAR

*******
The inital display disappears after a few seconds automatically or

can be replaced by pressing RETURN or LINE FEED.
is

The next display

display

DO YOU HAVE JOYSTICKS AVAILABLE?
TYPE Y OR N, THEN L/F

Answering "N" to display
display

generates:

DO YOU HAVE FIRING BUTTONS AVAILABLE?
TYPE Y OR N, THEN L/F

A response of "N" to display
display

generates:

SENSE SWITCH 0 FIRES
WHITE MISSILES
SENSE SWITCH 5 FIRES
BLACK MISSILES

This display will time out and be replaced by:

display

EACH
WITH
GOOD
GOOD

SHIP WILL START
20 MISSILES
LUCK AND
HUNTING!

After this display is timed out, the main part of the program is
stated.

A response of "Y" to the joystick option, display
display

WHAT CHANNELS DO YOU
WANT TO USE?

WHITE Y
WHITE X
BLACK Y
BLACK X

2-22

2 ; generates:

Type in each A/D channel as two digits, 00 to 37.

Press RETURN after

each channel and LINE FEED after all channels are entered.

The
main program will now look at the specified channels for velocity
information.
The program then returns to display 3.

Answering "Y" to the display
display

Answering "Y" to display

generates:

ARE YOU GOING TO
PLUG FIRE BUTTONS INTO
ANALOG CHANNELS?
TYPE Y OR N THAN L/F

Answering "N" to display

display

causes display

to appear.

generates:

WHAT CHANNELS?
WHITE FIRES
BLACK FIRES

Typing a line feed prior to inputting the fourth number causes
a return to display 6; typing a line feed after the fourth number
causes a return to display 4.

Main Program
The initialization routine terminates by resetting the score and
missile count and displaying the following message:
* * * * SPACEWAR * * *
SET ALL KNOBS TO ZERO
THEN HIT LINEFEED
A X 0 +NN
AY (4) -NN
B X
+NN
3
BY (7) ~NN
KNOBS 1, 5 2, 6
CONTROL HAZARDS
(

)

(

)

Knobs 0 and 4 control the white ship, 3 and 7 the black ship.
The
hazards are simulated asteroids; striking an asteroid with a ship
or moving an asteroid into a ship will destroy that ship.

Set all four ship channels to zero and then press LINE FEED.
The
ships and asteroids will appear, unless an asteroid happens to be

occupying the same position as a ship, in which case there is a
small thermonuclear reaction? try again.
When any of the velocity knobs are displaced from zero, the associated
ship will move in the direction commanded.
Missiles are fired by

2-23

changing the position of the Sense Switches or the external level
2
2
of the
Missiles have a velocity of V = 2V x + 2V
voltage.
y
Missiles which travel over the
ship at the instant of firing.
scope boundaries are erased, although the ships will "wrap-around"
to the other side of the scope.

2-24

2.1.16

TDAYCOM or DAYCOM

ABSTRACT
DAYCOM (day computer) foretells or retells the day of the week for twentieth century dates

OPERATING PROCEDURES
Upon loading DAYCOM, the following is displayed on the scope:
THE DATE
?? /?? /19 ??

Type the number of the month, the date of the month, the year

followed by a carriage RETURN.

each

Note that leading zeros are not required.

DAYCOM responds with the day of the week on which the date will occur or
has occurred.
Press carriage RETURN a fourth time to initialize the display and type another date.

DAYCOM does not check for nonexistent dates).

(NOTE:

Summary Frame
DAY OF THE WEEK
COMPUTATION
FOR ANY DATE IN
THE 20TH CENTURY

Help Frame
TYPE:
MONTH- DAY- YEAR
(FOLLOW EACH WITH RETURN KEY)

LEADING ZEROS NOT
REQUIRED
TO RESTART PROGRAM, HIT RETURN KEY.

NOW CONTROL S TO START.

Demonstrates
1.

Use of a question and answer subroutine.

2-25

2.1.17

TSTPWCH or STPWCH

ABSTRACT
STPWCH (stopwatch) utilizes the KW12 to generate timing marks every 0.1
seconds and an update of the display to reflect the passage of time.
Two subroutines, QANDA and KW12SUBC are used, plus a short additional
,

program to generate STPWCH. This latter program is responsible for
setting up the display buffer, checking for clock timing marks, and implementing the two Teletype commands.
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Upon loading STPWCH, the display below appears on the scope. Type T to start
the stopwatch initially and typing S stops the clock and displays the

Type T again to zero the minutes, seconds, and tenths of
seconds indicators and restarts the clock.
last count.

STPWCH

Summary Frame

A pdp-12 STOPWATCH
USING THE KW12
REAL TIME CLOCK

Help Frames
TYPE

TO DO

T - START TIMING

S - STOP THE WATCH
CONTROL S TO START

IF THERE IS NO KW12
IN THE SYSTEM, THE
2

PROGRAM SUGGESTS A
PURCHASE.

CONTROL S TO START

Demonstrates
1.

KW12 real time clock.

2-26

2.1.18

TCLOCK or CLOCK

ABSTRACT
CLOCK displays a clock with an hour,

minute, and a second hand.

Watch

time fly.

OPERATING PROCEDURES
Upon loading CLOCK the following display appears on the scope:
HRS??

MIN??

Type in the appropriate hour, press RETURN, type the minutes and press
RETURN.
The clock is displayed set to the time that was typed.
The second hand
will sweep 360° in 1 second (^20%^)
the minute and hour hands will sweep
accordingly.
The clock can be reset by pressing any key on the keyboard,
;

causing HRS??

MIN?? to be displayed again.

By setting Sense Switch 0 = 1, the clock will step its speed to that of
a stopwatch.
The second hand will sweep 360° once every second, 1
the
minute and hour hands will sweep accordingly.

Summary Frame

DISPLAY A CLOCK FACE:
SET THE TIME AND
WATCH THE MINUTES
GO BY.

Help Frame
TYPE THE TIME:

HOURS/MINUTES
(EACH FOLLOWED BY RETURN KEY)
TO RESET, HIT RETURN.

SENSE SWITCH 0=1:
WATCH TIME FLY

CONTROL

TO START

Demonstrates
1.

A subroutine, VR12, and Sense Switches.

The clock program uses its own timing loop to determine sweep rate;
fore, all timing will be ± 20%.
2

Once the clock rate has been increased,

there

it can be reset by typing any key
2-27

Programs Under Control of DIAL

The following programs are also on the DEM012 tape and are of a more practiAll of the
cal nature than most of the demonstration programs on the tape.
section
in
following programs require DIAL to be loaded by the procedure

2.2.1

DIAL
is the Display Interactive Assembly Language written for the
PDP-12 and provides the user with a keyboard operating system
DIAL starts in
for editing, assembling, and file handling.
6 -DIAL Programmer's RefLAP
the
to
Refer
mode.
edit
the
erence Manual, DEC- 12-ADRMA-A-D for details. See Section
1.6 for Loading Procedures.
,

2.2.2

MARK 12
formats and verifies certified and uncertified LINCtapes for
the PDP-12 in standard format (256 words/block) or a special
MARK 12 formats the tape, writes a
129 words/block format.
pattern in each block, and checks all its operations, includ(If only DECtape is availing checksums and block numbers.
able, it can be rewound and then formatted using MARK12I) Call
and follow the instructions on
the program by — LO MARK 12 0 J
the scope.

2.2.3

PIP
is the Peripheral Interchange Program which transfers source

or binary information between input/output devices, including
LINCtape, high-speed and Teletype reader/punch, card reader
Whole files or individual blocks may be
and line printer.
PIP is called from DIAL by —Pliand once started
transferred.
Refer to the DIAL manual
may be restarted by typing CTRL/P.
for more detailed information.
2.2.5
2 . 2.

2.2.6

EX. PRO G

demonstrates the power of the PDP-12 Instruction Set by using
just eight instructions to sample two A/D channels based on
the setting of Sense Switch 0 display the sampled data and
write it onto LINCtape for later inspection by .MAGSPY.
LO EX. PROG
EX. PROG is called by
,

AD DEMO
loads the DEM012 Monitor System from tape while using DIAL.
The call is —LO DEMO, 0J
•

BINLOAD
reads and stores information on binary coded paper tape into
All diagnosthe PDP-12 via the high-speed or Teletype reader.
To use the loader, type — LO BINLOAD, 0*)
tic messages are ignored.
Put the paper tape in the reader, set the reader to START, and
press START LS on the console.

2-28

2.2.7

L8SIM
traps LINC-8 and classic LINC Teletype input and output instructions and then simulates them for PDP-12 operations.
Control is returned to the user program after simulation of
The L8SIM loading procedure is
the instruction.
1.

Type — LO L8SIM 0j.

Replace the DEM012 tape with a LAP4 or LAP

tape.

2.2.8

Press I/O PRESET.

Set the Left and Right Switches to

1010
0701
Proceed in the LAP4 or LAP6 manner.

CONVERT
translates a LAP 6 or LAP6-3L source program on LINCtape to
To use CONVERT, mount the LAP 6 tape
source usable by DIAL.
containing the source program to be translated on unit 1.
Type -*L0 CONVERT, 0 J to start the conversion.

2. 2. 9

2.2.10

F0CAL4K, F0CAL8K
The Formula CALculator programs are the 4K and 8K versions
of the language designed at DEC to help students, engineers,
The language conand scientists solve numerical problems.
sists of imperative commands and mathematical expressions
Both versions of
typed primarily in standard notation.
FOCAL use IK of lower memory for variables; F0CAL8K stores
its text in upper memory and FOCAL4K uses lower memory.
FOCAL 8K permits many more variables and longer programs.
Load the appropriate version of FOCAL by -*L0 FOCAL8K,0^
or —LO FOCAL 4 K 0 J
,

CAROLS

provides musical entertainment appropriate for the Holiday
and turn up
Load the program by -*LO CAROLS, 0^)
Season.
the speaker volume.

2.3

DIAL Demonstration

The following sequence is designed to highlight the important features of
the PDP-12 DIAL system including its editing capabilities, assembly tech-

niques, binary and source program storage, program execution, and additions
and deletions to the tape index.

Start DIAL by one of the procedures in

Section 1.6.

2-29

’*

When the DIAL Working Area is displayed, clear it by
typing -+ChJ
.

Write a simple program, such as the one that follows
which displays a line on the scope.
1

*20

SAM 1
DIS I
3
JMP .-2

3
4

To demonstrate the editing feature of DIAL:
a)

Move the cursor with A/D Knob
under the 3 in DIS I 3.

Press the RUBOUT key to erase the

Type

Move Knob 3 counterclockwise until it
is under the 1 in SAM 1.

Press RUBOUT.

Type

Move knob 3 all the way back to the right by
rotating it clockwise.

Move knob 7 to display varied numbers of
lines of text.

until it is
3

so the instruction now reads DIS

so the instruction is SAM 2.

Assemble the program by typing either the command
J which performs the assembly or the command
-*LI
which assembles the program and lists it on
the Teletype (or line printer, if available)

~*AS
6.

Store the program on tape as
a)

binary, by typing -»SB LINE 1 J
to store
the program named LINE on tape on unit 1,
,

or
b)

source, by typing -*SP LINE t \ )
to store
the source program named LINE on tape on
unit 1.
To produce a hard copy of the source,
type ^ PS LINE 1 ^
,

(Any other unused program name can be used in this
step.
Be sure to continue to use that name in the
remaining steps also.)

Check the tape index on unit 1 to show that the new
program, LINE, has been stored by the command -*DX,1 *J
4

Page through the index by pressing the ALTMODE key
commands until the program LINE source (S) and/or
binary (B) is displayed.
The program name, type
(source or binary)
beginning block number on tape
(BN)
and number of blocks (BLKS used are included
in the display.
,

)

This program's origin is at location 20.
It samples channel 1,
digitizes it and displays it on the scope. The "I" causes
autoindexing and thus the display of a line instead of a point.
The JMP instruction causes a closed loop.
2-30

The following ALTMODE commands can be used:

ALTMODE key, 1

Forward one frame

ALTMODE key, 2
ALTMODE key, Q

Forward one entry

Backward one frame

ALTMODE key, W

Backward one entry

A program stored on tape may be deleted from the tape
by the following steps:
a)

Step through the index until the last
line displayed on the screen is the file
that is to be deleted.

Press RUBOUT once; the line will disappear.

Type R if the file is to be restored or
eliminate it by typing
(colon) to make
the deletion permanent.

The index can be printed, if desired, by typing-^ PX,1 tL.
To return to the DIAL Working Area, press the RETURN key.

To execute the program LINE l
a)

Type
-*L0

LINE

to load it into core.
10.

Press the I/O PRESET switch

Press the START 20 switch.

A line will be displayed on the screen. Rotate knob 2
to the left and right to move the line up and down.
This program is sampling potentiometer 2 and displaying
the data on the scope.

Stop the program by rocking the STOP switch back and
forth.
To reload DIAL, refer to section 1.6.

2-31

APPENDIX A

KW12, REAL TIME CLOCK, SUBROUTINE SETUP PACKAGE

ABSTRACT
This package of subroutines contains the necessary fixed protocol
required to start the KW12 Real Time Clock.
The main program need

only specify the working settings of the clock control register,
the clock enable register, and the buffer register.
Note that this
subroutine package is designed only to initialize the clock. Clock
interrupts must be handled using the CLSA (6135) instruction.
2.
2 . 1

REQUIREMENTS
Storage

KW12SUBC uses 137 octal or 95 decimal locations.
2 . 2

Location
The first location of this subroutine package should be
assembled into the first location of any 8 mode page

with the rest of the program following in successive locations.
The subroutine is preset to start in location 6000 0
of bank 0 unless changed by the user.
2 . 3

Equipment
PDP-12 with KW12A clock option.

3.
3. 1

USAGE

Calling Sequence
This subroutine has five

mode entry points that are

indirectly called as follows:
JMS I .+1
KWMEAS

/Indirect call to KWMEAS
/whose location is contained
/in the location immediately
/following the JMS

JMS

/Indirect call to KWSTOP, KWCONT,
/KWREAD or KWINIT whose address

and
I

TAG

/is at "TAG".

A-l

In using one of the entry points,

the subroutine will

look for data contained in the third, fourth, and fifth
In all cases, except when
locations following the JMS.
the clock counter is to be read, the AC and link of the

main program are preserved.
4.

DESCRIPTION

The entry point KWMEASure is used to set up the clock
The working
to measure events or intervals of time.
contents of the clock control register, clock enable

follows

.+1
.+2
.+3
.+4

JMS I .+1
KWMEAS
C C C C
i

/JMS to entry point KWMEAS
/Clock control register setting

/No. of counts to overflow

BUFF
E E E E
1

/Clock enable register setting

/Control returns here

.+5

The first two octal digits of the control register
setting control the rate and mode of the clock, respecThe last two digits are used to simulate inThe interpretation
puts from the external channels.
of C^ the rate control, is as follows:
tively.

Rate

STOP

400 KHz
100 KHz
10 KHz
1 KHz
100 KHz

3
4

Count occurrences of events on external
channel 1 if E 3 =2.

The interpretation of C 2
C
0

the mode control, is as follows:

Mode

Counter runs at selected rate and overflow
The counter conis set after 4096 counts.
tinues to run and the overflow must be
cleared by IOT 6135.
A-

(Cont'd)

£.2

Counter runs at selected rate. Upon occurrence of overflow caused by the most significant bit of the counter going from a 1
the contents of the buffer preset
to a 0
register is transferred to the counter.

Counter runs at selected rate.
Upon occurrence of an event on an enabled channel,
the contents of the counter are transferred
to the buffer preset register and the counter
continues to run.

Counter runs at selected rate.
Upon occurrence of an input event on channel 3, the
contents of the counter is transferred to
the buffer preset register and the counter
is preset to 0 from which it continues
counting.
Inputs on channels 1 and 2 behave as if C 2 =2.

The counter runs at the selected rate and
overflows every 4096 counts.
Upon occurrence of an overflow, an A/D conversion is
initiated if the fast sample mode is in use.
Overflow must be cleared by the 6135 instruction.
Note than when in this mode A/D conversions are inhibited unless a clock overflow occurs.

This is treated as the combination of
(C =4) and (C =l)

II
CN

(C =4)

and

(C = 2 )

and

(C =3).

BUFF is an octal number, 1-7777, and is the number of counts
to occur before the counter overflows.
The subroutine places
the 2’s complement of BUFF in the buffer preset register and
initially in the counter.
The last

digits of the enable register setting are in-

terpreted as follows:

—2

Function

0,2,4,

No function

1,3, 5,

Causes clock interrupt on counter
overflow.

Function
No Function

if channel

Enable interrupt on channel
2 input enabled.
Enable input on channel 1

(E =l)

No Function

Same as E 3 =l

Enable input and interrupt on channel

(E =6)

and (E =2)
3

and

E
—4

Function

No Function

(E ~l)
3

Enable input channel 3
Enable input and interrupt for channel

2
3

Enable input channel
Same as E^=4

=4)

and

(E =2)

(E =4)

and

(E =3)

4
4

Upon entering the KW12 setup subroutine package at point
KWMEASure, the subroutine retrieves the locations .+2,
.+3, and .+4 considering the location (.) to be the locations of the JMS

.+1.

The contents of these locations

are stored in software created control
and buffer registers (KWBUFF
^KWENAB)
)

(KWCONR)
.

is set up to perform the specified tasks.

enable

Then the clock

Control is

returned to location .+5 with the AC and link preserved
and the clock running.
Other entry points are used as follows:

.+1

JMS I .+1
KWSTOP

/Control returns here with AC
/and link preserved.
JMS

.+2

/Stop the clock but preserve
/software control, enable, and
/buffer registers.

.+1

KWCONTinue

/Restart the clock using the
/settings contained in the
Control
/software registers.
/returns here with the AC and
/link preserved.

A-

•

JMS I .+1
KWREAD

.4-2

/Read the clock counter into
/the AC.
If overflow has oc/curred, set link = 1, other/wise link = 0.
Control
/returns here.
/In the process of performing
/the read, the buffer preset
/register is restored to the
/contents of KWBUFF

JMS
.4-1

.4-1

KWINIT

.4-2

5.0

/Initializes the clock and
/clears software control,
/enable, and buffer registers.
/Control returns to main
/program here with AC and
/link preserved.

EXAMPLES
The following is a program to ring the Teletype bell one
time per second:

BEGIN, JMS I .+1
KWMEAS
5100
0144

/to overflow
/Interrupt on clock overflow

0100
CHECK, CLSK
JMP CHECK

CLSA
CLA
TAD K207
TSF
JMP .-1
TLS
JMP CHECK
K207

/JMS indirectly to
/ loc KWMEAS
/Rate = 100 Hz, Mode = 1
/144 octal or 100 decimal counts

0207

skip on clock interrupt
/Wait
/Clear Clock Flag (6135)
/Clear AC
/Load 207 into AC
/Check teletype flag
/ 6131)
(

/Output AC to teletype
/Go back and wait for next
/clock overflow
/Symbol definition
/Append KW12 setup subroutine
/package

The following is a program that will ring the teletype
bell after counting 60 events on external channel 1:
BEGIN, JMS I .4-1
KWMEAS
6100
0074

/JMS indirectly to
/location KWMEAS
/Rate = chan 1, Mode = 1
/Interrupt after (74)
or
0
counts
/ 60)
/Enable chan 1 input
/interrupt on overflow
(

0120
CHECK, CLSK
JMP CHECK
CLSA
CLA
TAD K207
TSF

/(6131) skip on clock interrupt
/Wait
/Clear Clock Flag (6135)
/Clear AC
/Load AC with (207)
/Test Teletype flag

A-

JMP TLS
JMP CHECK
K207, 0201
.

/Wait
/Ring bell
/Jump to wait loop
/Symbol definition

/Append KW12 setup subroutine
/package

A-6

INDEX
AD DEMO

2-28

A-DTST

2-1

BASMEM

2-16

BINLOAD

2-28

B BALL

2-15

CAROLS

2-29

CLOCK
Gotland Keys

2-27
1-3

CONVERT

2-29

CTRL Keys

1-3

DAYCOM

2-25

Demonstration Proarams
Under DEM012 Monitor Control

2-1

•

2-29

Under DIAL Control
1-12, 2-12,

DIAL

2-28

DIAL Demonstration

2-29

DRAW

2-19

DA-DTST

2-1
2-3

DDATA
DFRQANA

DMAGSPY

2-7

2-9

ECHASK

2-20

EXPROG

2-28

.EBASMEM

2-16

.EB BALL

2-15

EFREQ12

2-12

.E WAVES

2-14

FOCAL 4K, 8K

2-29

FREQ12

2-12

FRQANA
FDRAW12

2-9

2-19

.FECHASK

2-20

FKALELD

2-19

F SOLACE

2-17

FSPCWAR

2-21

X-l

1-5

HELP Frames

Example of Change

1-10

Modifying

1~ 9

Organization

1“5

Transferring to Tape

1-8

Index

l -2

INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS Frames

1-3

KALE ID

2-19

KW12SUBC

A_1

Loading DEM012

1-1

Loading DIAL

1-12

L8SIM

2-29

MAGSPY

2-7

Mapping SUMMARY /HELP Frames

1-6

MARK 12

2-28

Modifying SUMMARY/HELP Frames

1-5

MUSIC

2-28

PIP

2-28

SOLACE

2-17

SPCWAR

2-21

Starting DEMO

1-1

STPWCH

2-26

SUMMARY Frames

1-5

Modifying

1-5

Organization

1-5

Transferring to Tape

l -8

Tape Index

1“2

Typing New SUMMARY/HELP Frames

1-8

TCLOCK

2-27

TDAYCOM

2-25

TSPWCH

2-26

WAVES

2-14

X-2

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Equipment Computer Users Society (DECUS) maintains a user library

and publishes a catalog of programs as well as the DECUSCOPE magazine
For further information
for its members and non-members who request it.
please write

to:

DECUS
Digital Equipment Corporation

Main Street, Bldg. 3-5
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754
146

DEM012 MONITOR SYSTEM
USERS GUIDE
DEC-1 2-ADRMA-A-D

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