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AA-MAB8B-TE

1989

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Document:	ULTRIX Worksystem Software DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide
Order Number:	AA-MAB8B-TE
Revision:
Pages:	189
Original Filename:

OCR Text

ULTRIX
W orksystem Software

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide

Order Number: AA-MA88B-TE

ULTRIX Worksystem Software

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide

Order Number: AA-MA88B-TE

Product Version:
Operating System and Version:

ULTRIX Worksystem Software, Version 2.2
ULTRIX Operating System, Version 3.0 or higher

This guide describes how to use DECwindows Desktop Applications.

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as
set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of
DFARS 252.227-7013.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a
commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in
accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by
Digital or its affiliated companies.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
CDA
DEC
DECUS
DECnet
DECstation
DECwindows
DDIF
DDIS

DTIF
MASSBUS
MicroVAX
Q-bus
ULTRIX
ULTRIX Mail Connection
ULTRIX Worksystem Software
VAX

VAX station
VMS
VMSNLTRIX Connection
VT
XUI

PostScript and Display PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.
X Window System, X, and XII are registered trademarks of MIT.

This manual was written and produced by the Open Software Publications group.

Contents
'bout This Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Calculator
Starting the Calculator .................................
Operating the Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing Arithmetic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storing Values in Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing Special Functions ............................
Copying Text with the Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1
1-2
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-6

! Using the Calendar
Starting the Calendar ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Around Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating an Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Size of a Timeslot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Alarms ....................................
Deleting an Entry ..................................
Making Repeat Entries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving an Entry from One Timeslot to Another . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Overlapping Entries .........................
Entering Day Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Clock in the Day Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking Special Days ....................... . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending and Receiving Calendar Entries Through Mail ........
Printing a Part of a Calendar ............................
Working with Multiple Calendars .........................

2-2
2-2
2-3
2-5
2-5
2-7
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-9
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-11
2-12

iii

Creating a New Calendar ............................
Opening an Existing Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renaming an Existing Calendar .......................
Closing a Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing the General Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing the Day Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing Calendar Icons ..........................
Saving Customized Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Shape of a Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-13
2-14
2-14
2-15
2-15
2-15
2-15
2-18
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-23

3 Using the Cardfiler
Starting the Cardfiler ..................................
Opening a Card File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing the Contents of a Card File .......................
Opening an Existing Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling Through a Card File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing a Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renaming a Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving the Text Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Incorporating Graphics ..............................
Saving a Card File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merging Card Files .................................
Exiting from the Cardfiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-2
3-2
3-3
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13

4 Using the Clock
Starting the Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Clock Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting the Alarm ..................................
Exiting from the Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4

S Using the CDA Viewer
Starting the CDA Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing DDIF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing Processing Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Paper Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Closing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the CDA Viewer ............................

5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-5

5 Using DECterm
Creating a DECterm Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing DECterm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a DECterm Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing General Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Keyboard ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing a National Replacement Character Set. . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing Graphics ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving and Restoring Customized Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Information ...................................
Clearing and Resizing Terminal Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Composing Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from DECterm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1
6-2
6-3
6-5
6-7
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-20

7 Using Mail
Starting Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending Messages ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending a Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving a Draft of a Message ..........................
Resuming Work on a Draft Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Including a File in a Message .........................
Selecting Messages ....................................
Reading Messages .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading a New Message .............................
Displaying a List of New Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading an Old Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Read Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replying to Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forwarding Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating a File from a Mail Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting and Retrieving Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7- 1
7-3
7-3
7-5
7-5
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-7
7-8
7-8
7-8
7-9
7-9
7-10
7-10
7-10

Working with Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating New Folders ...............................
Deleting Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving and Copying Messages to Another Folder . . . . . . . . . .
Renumbering and Sorting Messages ....................
Picking Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening a New Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from Mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-11
7-11
7-11
7-12
7-12
7-13
7-15
7-15

8 Using the Notepad Editor
Starting the Notepad Editor .............................
'l)rping Text ... . '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Formatting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling the Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceling an Edit ..................................
Moving Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Including an Existing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Filling a Block of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sorting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Left Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using ULTRIX Text Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving Text in a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening a Second Notepad ..............................
Opening an Existing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Searching for Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Splitting the Work Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recovering from an Interrupted Session .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from an Editing Session '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-1
8-3
8-3
8-3
8-3
8-4
8-4
8-5
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-8
8-8
8-9
8-9
8-10
8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16

9 Using Paint
Starting Paint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Learning the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Special Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving a Painting ..................................
Printing a Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erasing .............................................
Drawing Lines and Shapes ..............................
Varying Line Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Your Own Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Paintbrush. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Paintings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Images ...................................
Moving Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resizing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cropping a Picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Working with Full Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing in Detail ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting Text ........................................
Sizing the Canvas ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Accelerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from Paint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-5
9-6
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-11
9-12
9-13
9-13
9-14
9-14
9-14
9-16
9-16
9-17
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-21
9-22

lOUsing the PostScript® Previewer
Starting the PostScript Previewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing a PostScript File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paging Through the File ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revisiting the File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing the PostScript Previewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Page Size, Page Orientation, and Scale . . . . . . .
U sing Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Bitmap Widths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Watching the Previewer's Progress .....................
Exiting from the PostScript Previewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-1
10-2
10-4
10-4
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-8

vii

11 Using the Puzzle
Starting the Puzzle ....................................
Playing Around with the Puzzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting a New Game ..................................
Exiting from the Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-1
11-1
11-2
11-2

A Composing Characters

B National Replacement Keyboards
Index
Figures
6-1

6-2
6-3
6-4

9-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6

B-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
B-11

B-12

B-13
B-14
B-15
B-16

viii

DEC Multinational Character Set, Part I ................... .
DEC Multinational Character Set, Part II ................... .
ISO Latin 1 Supplemental Character Set ................... .
National Replacement Character Sets ...................... .
The Patterns Palette ................................... .
The North American Keyboard ........................... .
The Flemish Keyboard .................................. .
The Canadian (French) Keyboard ......................... .
The British Keyboard ................................... .
The Danish Keyboard .................................. .
The Finnish Keyboard .................................. .
The Austrian/German Keyboard .......................... .
The Dutch Keyboard ................................... .
The Italian Keyboard ................................... .
The Swiss (French) Keyboard ............................ .
The Swiss (German) Keyboard ............................ .
The Swedish Keyboard .................................. .
The Norwegian Keyboard ................................ .
The BelgianlFrench Keyboard ............................ .
The Spanish Keyboard .................................. .
The Portuguese Keyboard ............................... .

6-9
6-10
6-11

6-12
9-10
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6

B-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
B-11

B-12
B-13
B-14

B-15
B-16

B-17
B-18

Tables
7-1
9-1
A-1

A-2
A-3

Pick Dialog Box Fields .................................. .
Tool Summary ........................................ .
Composing Characters in Multinational Character Mode ....... .
Composing Characters in National Replacement Mode Using
Typewriter Keys ....................................... .
Composing Characters in National Replacement Mode Using Data
Processing Keys ....................................... .

7-14
9-22
A-2
A-6
A-10

About This Guide

Purpose of This Guide
This guide describes the UWS DECwindows Desktop Applications.

Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is intended for all ULTRIX DECwindows users. This
guide assumes the user has read the DECwindows User's Guide to
become familiar with DECwindows terms and the techniques for
manipulating windows. In addition, the user should have some
experience using the DECwindows Session Manager and User
Executive applications.

Structure of This Guide
This guide includes the following chapters:
•

Chapter 1 -Using the Calculator

•

Chapter 2 -Using the Calendar

• Chapter 3 -Using the Cardfiler
•

Chapter 6 -Using the CDA Viewer

•

Chapter 4 -Using the Clock

• Chapter 5 -Using DECterm
•

Chapter 7 -Using Mail

•

Chapter 8 -Using the Notepad Editor

• Chapter 9 -Using Paint
• Chapter lO-Using the PostScript Previewer

•

Chapter II-Using the Puzzle

• Appendix A-Composing Characters
• Appendix B-National Replacement Character Sets

Related Documentation
You may wish to have the following manuals at hand:

• DECwindows User's Guide
• DECterm Text Programming Manual
• DECterm Graphics Programming Manual

Conventions
mouse

The term mouse refers to any pointing device,
such as a mouse, a puck, or a stylus.

MBl, MB2, and MB3

MB 1 indicates the left mouse button. MB2
indicates the middle mouse button. MB3
indicates the right mouse button. (The
buttons can be redefined by the user.)

blue-green ink

Indicates information that you enter from the
keyboard or a screen object that you must
choose or click on.

boldface text

Represents the introduction of a new term

IReturn I

A key name is shown enclosed to indicate that
you press a key on the keyboard.
A sequence such as ICtrl/x Iindicates that you
must hold down the key labeled Ctrl while
you press another key or a pointing device
button.
A sequence such as ~ indicates that you
must first press and release the key labeled
PFl, then press and release another key or a
pointing device button.
A vertical ellipsis indicates the omission
of items from a code example or command
format; the items are omitted because they
are not important to the topic being discussed.

xii

1
Using the Calculator
The Calculator performs simple arithmetic functions-addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division-and computes percentages
and square roots. In addition, the Calculator performs
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions, generates
random numbers, and performs other more advanced operations.
Unlike a handheld calculator, it has two displays. The top display
is the accumulator, which shows the number being entered or the
current result, and the bottom display is the memory.
This chapter describes how to:
• Start the Calculator
• Enter data
• Perform arithmetic functions
• Use the memory
• Transfer data to or from the clipboard
• Exit from the Calculator

Starting the Calculator
To start the Calculator, choose Calculator from the Session
Manager Applications menu or enter the following command in a
DECterm window:
% dxcalc &

Using the Calculator

1-1

A small calculator is displayed on your screen. You can move and
change the size of the Calculator window as you wish.
I

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Operating the Calculator

You can use the Calculator with either the mouse or the keyboard.
With the mouse, point to the appropriate button and click
MBl. With the keyboard, enter the numbers 0 to 9 from the
main keyboard or the keypad. Press the Shift key to enter the
arithmetic functions (+, -, *, /, %, =) on the main keyboard.
From the keypad, pressing the following keys produces the
corresponding functions:
Press . ..

To Produce . ..

IPFll

IPF21

..;a;b

IPF31

IPF41

comma key

IEnterlor~

1F171

[ff8]

[ffi]

M+

1F201

M-

1-2 Using the Calculator

Accumulator
Memory
Clear Memory

Subtract Contents of
Accumulator from Memory
Clear Accumulator

Add Contents of
Accumulator to Memory

Clear Last Entry
from Accumulator

Add Contents of
Memory to Accumulator
Clear Sign of
Accumulator

When you enter data into the accumulator, notice that the
Calculator uses a decimal point to distinguish between random
digits and an operand. See what happens as you enter the
following data:
Enter 1134. Notice that no decimal point appears in the
accumulator.
2

Enter a plus sign (+). The Calculator inserts a decimal point
after the digits 1134 to signify the completion of an operand.

Depending on the contents of the accumulator, you can use one of
the following methods to correct mistakes in computation:
•

Press the Delete key to erase the last digits entered in the
accumulator.

• Click on the CE button to void the last operand entered.
• Choose Undo from the Edit menu to reverse the last operation,
for exam pIe, to restore the last operand or to remove the
previous paste operation.

Using the Calculator

1-3

Performing Arithmetic Functions
The Calculator displays numbers in the range of plus or minus
999,999,999. It performs all calculations in left to right order and
treats operators with equal importance.
For example, to evaluate the equation 6 + 5 * 3:
Find the sum of 6 + 5.
Calculator displays an 11.
2

Find the product of 11 * 3.
The result is 33.

Also note the way the Calculator computes percentages. For
example, to determine 6 percent of 195:
Enter 195.
The Calculator displays the digits in the accumulator.
2

Enter * and the Calculator inserts a decimal point.

Enter 6.
The number 6 is displayed in the accumulator.

Enter %.
The result, 11. 7, is displayed in the accumulator.

Storing Values in Memory
Use the memory display to store results and values for later
computation. The figure in memory starts out as zero. You can
add the contents of the accumulator to memory or subtract the
contents of the accumulator from memory, using the M+ and
M- buttons respectively. To enter the contents of memory into
the accumulator, click on the MR button. Clear the contents of
memory with the MC button.

Performing Special Functions
The Calculator performs trigonometric and inverse trigonometric
functions as well as other special functions.
The special function keys are as follows:

1-4 Using the Calculator

Key

Description

deg

Degree key. Selects the units for angular measurement. By
default, the Calculator is in the degree mode. Clicking on the
Idegl key once places the Calculator in the radian mode. This
is indicated by the key label "rad". Clicking on the key again
places the Calculator into gradian mode. This is indicated by
the key label "grad". The angular mode has no effect on the
Calculator unless trigonometric functions are being used.

Factorial key. Calculates the factorial (x)(x - l)(x - 2) ... (2)(1)
of the value x in the display for integers O::;x::;69.0! = 1 by
definition.

l/x

Reciprocal key. Divides the displayed value x into 1. The
value x cannot equal be to o.

Rnd

Random number generator key. Generates a random number
between 1 and the integer of the display. It does not generate
negative numbers or numbers less than 1.

Inv

Inversion key. By default, the Calculator performs noninverted trigonometric functions. When you click on the
inversion key, the Calculator performs inverted trigonometric
functions.

sin

Sine key. Instructs the Calculator to find the sine of the
displayed value.

cos

Cosine key. Instructs the Calculator to find the cosine of the
displayed value.

tan

Instructs the Calculator to find the tangent of the displayed
value.

log

Common logarithm key. Calculates the common logarithm
(base 10) of the number x in the display. x> o.

Natural logarithm key. Calculates the natural logarithm (base
e) of the number x in the display. x > o.

square
root
yl\x

Square root key. Calculates the square root of the number x in
the display. The x value cannot be negative.
Raises the displayed value y to the xth power. Order of entry
is y lyAxl x. The y value cannot be negative, but both x and y
can be fractional.

:opying Text with the Calculator
Unli!) ,~IVl.

Copy Alt/C I
Paste Alt/V

You can copy numbers from other applications into the
Calculator's accumulator and from the Calculator accumulator or
memory into another application.
Use the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to transfer data
from the active display in the Calculator window to another
application window. For example:
Click on the accumulator display.

Using the Calculator

1-5

Enter a number into the accumulator.

Choose Copy from the Edit menu. Or, for greater speed, press
and hold MB2 to display a pop-up menu and choose Copy
menu item.

Now you can paste the data from the clipboard to another
application window.
Use the Paste menu item from the Edit menu to copy data from
the clipboard. This data can be copied directly from another
window, or it can be the result of an equation copied from another
window. Calculator treats the contents of a paste operation just
as if you typed in the data from the keyboard yourself.
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Exiting from the Calculator
,....._______----,. If you modified the screen placement and size of the Calculator
Save Ceometry
during your session and would like to save those settings, choose
Use System Defaults
Save Geometry from the File menu before exiting. The next time
l........;.Qu_it_ _ _ _ _A....;ltI....;Q;...J you start the Calculator, it will have the size and placement you
specified..
To restore the default size and placement of the Calculator, choose
Use System Defaults from the File menu.
To exit from the Calculator, choose Quit from the File menu.

1-6 Using the Calculator

2
Using the Calendar
The Calendar combines the functions of a desktop calendar and
an appointment book to help you keep track of your meetings and
plan your time. The Calendar lets you look at a year or month
display, or review your scheduled appointments a day at a time.
You can also create several different calendars to use for specific
purposes. For example, you could create one calendar to keep
track of your personal enagagements and another calendar
to be used by a group of people to schedule conference room
reservations.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start the Calendar

• Move around the Calendar
•

Create and delete entries

•

Set alarms and repeat entries

• Move entries
• Use the Calendar's clock
• Mark special days
•

Print part of a calendar

• Work with multiple calendars
• Create, rename, and delete a calendar
• Customize a calendar
• Exit from the Calendar

Using the Calendar 2-1

Starting the Calendar
To start the Calendar, choose Calendar from the Session Manager
Applications menu or enter the following command in a DECterm
window:
% dxcalendar&

The month display appears on your screen.
Iml Calendar X2.0:
File

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Sun

Mon

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October, 1989
41

Tue

Wed

Thu

i''''1

Fri

Sat

"
45

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The month display shows the current month and year, with the
days in the month arranged by week in rows. The current day has
a box around it.

Moving Around Calendar
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Calendar has three main displays: the month display, the day
display, and the year display, which looks like 12 small month
displays set out in a 4 by 3 matrix.
Scroll bars let you move backwards and forwards within a display,
for example, to look at a future or a previous month when you are
in a month display.
To move from one type of display to another, double click on the
appropriate item in the current display. For example, double
clicking on one of the days visible in the month display opens the
day display for that day. Alternately, double clicking on a month
in the year display opens the display for that month.
From the View menu, you can choose the Selected, Today, Day,
Month, and Year menu items. Choosing the Today menu item
displays the current day. To choose the Selected, Day, Month, and
Year menu items, you must first select a day.

2-2 Using the Calendar

:reating an Entry
By double clicking on a particular day, you can open a display that
shows timeslots from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
ItOlI Calendar X2.0:
File

Edit

View

Entry

Customize

Help

October, 1989

November, 1989

¥Ik Sun Mon Tut Wed Thu Fli Sat

\Ilk Sun Mon Tut Wed Thu Fli Sat

401234567
41 8 9 lmiJ11 12 13 14
42 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
43 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
44 29 30 31

44
1 2 3 4
45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
46 12 13 1415 16 17 18
47 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
48 26 27 28 29 30

Tuesday the 10th of October, 1989

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I Previous Day I

2:28pm

Next Day

Use the scroll bars to display timeslots earlier or later than the
times shown. You can type entries, such as an appointment,
directly into the timeslots. Or, by using the timeslot editor,
you can type longer entries, activate alarms to remind you of
appointments, and cause messages to repeat at regular intervals.
To record a short entry directly into a day display:
Display the day in which you want to make the entry.
2

Click (and drag to resize, if necessary) on the desired time in
the day display.

Enter the text in the timeslot.

Using the Calendar 2-3

Click on the time again.
When a day has at least one entry in it, its day number
changes from a normal font (nn) to an italic font (nn)
wherever it is displayed. You can then distinguish between
days containing appointments and free days in the month and
year displays.

To create a longer entry using the entry editor:
1

Click on the desired timeslot in the day display.

Choose Edit... from the Entry menu or double click on the
desired timeslot.
The entry editor is displayed:

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Tuesday the 10th of October, 1989
From: 9:00am
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2-4 Using the Calendar

I Delete Entry I I Reset I I Cancel

Enter the text and adjust the alarms and repeat intervals as
required (see Setting Alarms and Making Repeat Entries).
The entry editor uses standard DECwindows editing
commands.

Click on any icon that you want to associate with your entry.
These icons are symbols that can represent the contents of the
entry, thus serving as a reminder for you. Calendar attaches
no particular meaning to them.
The icons you select will appear in the handle of your entry.
The handle is the area of an entry between the timeslot and
the vertical resize bar.

Click on the OK button to confirm the entry and to dismiss
the entry editor.

If you exit the editor without having entered any text, or if
you delete all the text describing a previous entry, the timeslot
remains unscheduled.

Changing the Size of a Timeslot
To change the size of a timeslot, press MBI on the time you want
to use as a starting point and drag the top edge of the timeslot up,
or the bottom edge of the timeslot down. The timeslot is redrawn
to the new size.
You can use this method to reduce or expand the time allocated
for an entry. If you reduce the size of a timeslot, some text may
no longer fit in the display, but it is not lost. The text reappears if
you expand the timeslot again.

SeHing Alarms
Normally, Calendar rings an alarm and displays a message five
minutes before, and again at the time you specify.
The timeslot editor lets you modify the way the Calendar sets
alarms. You can set alarms to ring at one or all of the following
times:
• At the time of the sceduled appointment (on by default)
• One to sixty minutes before the time you specified for the
entry
• One to twenty-four hours before the time you specified for the
entry
To set one or more alarms:
Click on the desired timeslot in the day display.
2

Choose Edit... from the Entry menu. The timeslot editor is
displayed.

Using the Calendar 2-5

Write the entry if you have not already done so.

Click on the toggle button to set an alarm.
By default, alarms ring five minutes before the entry time and
at the entry time.

Move the arrow in the scale to adjust to the time you want.

Click on the OK button to save the settings and to dismiss the
timeslot editor.

You can also set alarms to ring at any of the following times by
displaying the repeat options menu and choosing the desired
option:
Daily
Weekly
Biweekly
Monthly
Bimonthly
Quarterly
Annually
Biannually
Triannually
When you choose an option, you can further customize when the
alarm will ring. By enabling the But option and displaying the
corresponding option menus, you can cause the alarms to skip or
move forward or backward according to whether or not the day in
question is a work day.
To modify the default intervals for all alarms, choose Alarms ...
from the Customize menu and make the desired changes in
the Alarms dialog box. When you change the defaults, you can
save them for future Calendar sessions. To save your settings,
choose the Save Settings menu item from the Customize menu.
To restore the default settings, choose Use Defaults from the
Customize menu. To restore settings to the previous settings
(other than default), choose Restore Settings from the Customize
menu.

2-6 USing the Calendar

Deleting an Entry
To remove or clear the contents of a timeslot:
Click on the timeslot in the day display that contains the
entry you want to delete.

Close
Delete ...
Reset

Choose Edit. .. from the Entry menu. The timeslot editor is
displayed.

Click on the Delete Entry button.
A dialog box is displayed, asking you to confirm that you want
to delete the entry.

Click on Yes to confirm that you want to delete the entry.

Making Repeat Entries
Often, entries in a calendar are regular events. The Calendar
makes it easy to schedule these events by allowing you to specify
the time interval at which the entry should be repeated.
You can repeat an entry at the following intervals:
•

None

• Daily
• Weekly
• Every two weeks
• Every four weeks
These settings are made from the timeslot editor. To set a repeat
interval for an entry:
Click on the timeslot in the day display that has the first
occurrence of the entry.
2

Choose Edit... from the Entry menu. The timeslot editor is
displayed.

Write the entry if you have not already done so.

Choose the repeat interval you want by clicking on the
appropriate option button.
You can choose only one repeat interval at a time. The preset
option is None.

Click on the OK button to save the settings and to dismiss the
timeslot editor.

Using the Calendar 2-7

If you change or delete an entry that is repeated, a dialog box is
displayed, asking if you want to make the change or deletion in
just this instance, from this point on, or every time, including past
instances.

Moving an Entry from One Timeslot to Another
You can copy or move the entire contents of an entry, or just a
piece of text, to another timeslot. If you select the time, then
any alarms or repeat intervals associated with the entry are
transferred, along with the text, to the new timeslot. Selecting
just the text from the timeslot transfers just the text.
To move an entry from one timeslot to another:
1

Display the day that has the timeslot you want to move.

To select the entire entry from a timeslot, click on the handle.
The handle is the area in an entry between the time and the
vertical resize bar. By pressing and dragging MB 1 in the
handle, you can move an entry up and down through the day
display to the desired timeslot.
To copy just a piece of text, select it by clicking and dragging
the pointer over the portion of text you want.

Choose Cut or Copy from the Edit menu.
If you want the entry to remain in the original timeslot,
choose the Copy menu item. If you want to delete the entry
from the original timeslot, use the Cut menu item.

If you are moving the entry to a different day, display the new
day.

Click on the time to which you want to move or copy the entry
or text.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu to insert the entry or text in
the new location.

If you are moving the whole entry (time and text) and want to
move it to the same time on a different day, you do not have to
display the new day. After selecting the desired day in the month
display, choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu. This
causes the entry to be inserted on that day, at the same time.

2-8 Using the Calendar

Creating Overlapping Entries
MI:i1

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Wednesday the 11th of October. 1989

1/\

9:00

QIQlstaffMeetJn g

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101

You can create an entry at a time partially or completely occupied
by an existing entry. To create overlapping entries, Press MBI
and drag on the timeslot as if there were no overlap. Calendar
opens a new entry for you at the specified time. You can overlap
as many entries as you like.
Normally, overlapping entries are stacked so that the left side
of each entry is always visible. To cause Calendar to stack
overlapping entries so that the first line of each entry is visible,
choose Day View... from the Customize menu to display the Day
View dialog box. Then, choose Show text from the Stacking option
menu. With Show text enabled, even if you have two entries
starting at the same time, Calendar leaves a gap to display at
least some of the text assoicated with the hidden entry.
Clicking on the handle of the entry that is overlapped makes it
pop to the front.

Entering Day Notes
Information which is specific to a particular day, but not to a
particular time, can be entered in a day note. Day notes are
identical to ordinary calendar entries, except that they are not
associated with a particular time. They are useful for denoting
occasions like birthdays.
To enter a brief day note, click on the entry box below the date
in the day display. The day note becomes highlighted, indicating
that you can enter text in the text area. To complete your entry,
click on the day note. The highlighting dispappears.
To enter a longer day note, double click on the day note to display
the entry editor. You can enter text, modify an existing entry, or
adjust the alarm settings and repeat intervals.

Using the Clock in the Day Display

I 2:56pm I

The Clock provides a digital display of the current time. In
addition to showing the current time, the clock allows the current
Day view to autoscroll. The clock has no border when it is
autoscrolling.
To start autoscrolling, click on the clock. The timeslots visible
in the Day view adjust, so that the current time is within the
first timeslot. This process continues: as a timeslot passes, it is
scrolled off the top of the window. Thus, the view is kept as up
to date as possible. This is convenient if you significantly reduce

Using the Calendar 2-9

the size of the day display, because it keeps the most immediate
timeslots in view.
The clock performs this function only for the current day. If the
Day view is not the current day, clicking on the clock first causes
the displayed day to be replaced by the current day. Autoscrolling
then takes place as usual.
To stop this automatic scrolling, move the timeslot by any other
method, such as adjusting the scroll bar. Autoscrolling is turned
off at the end of the day.
If you are making an entry in a timeslot when it is due to be
scrolled, it does not disappear. The scroll mechanism waits until
the next interval is over and then catches up.

The Show AMlPM customizing option allows you to choose
between a 12-hour and 24-hour clock. Whichever clock you choose
is reflected by all Calendar-displayed times and clocks.

Marking Special Days
You can mark days of particular importance, such as major project
milestones, holidays, or birthdays. Marking particular days alters
the display font so that those days can be distinguished from
other days in the various Calendar displays.
To mark a day:
Select the desired day from any of the Calendar displays.
2

Pull down the Edit menu and drag the pointer to the submenu
icon next to the Mark menu item to view the submenu.

[)t~ fault

Work Day
Non- Work Day
N(trllHd

Special

The menu item currently in use for the selected day is dimmed
in the submenu.

2-10 Using the Calendar

Choose the desired menu item from the Mark submenu:
Choose

To Produce

Work Day

Bold font

Nonwork Day

Standard Calendar font

Special

Bold, larger font; on color workstations, displayed
in red font

Default

The standard Calendar font the day had before it
was previously marked with Work Day, Nonwork
Day, or Special menu item.

The day is now marked in the specified manner.

Sending and Receiving Calendar Entries Through Mail
You can send and receive calendar entries through electronic
mail. To send an entry, display both the calendar entry and a
DECwindows Mail Create-Send window on your workstation
screen. Use MB3 to select the entry from the Calendar. The entry
is automatically pasted in the Mail Send window.
To receive an entry through DECwindows Mail, open the Day
View and click on the desired timeslot. Use MB3 to select the text
from an existing mail message. The entry is automatically pasted
into the Calendar at the timeslot you selected.

Printing a Part of a Calendar
You can print a timeslot entry or all of the entries in a day or a
week by copying the entry or entries to a printable file.
To print a part of a Calendar display:
Display the day that relates to the entry or entries you want
printed.
For example, if you are printing a timeslot, display the day
that contains the timeslot. If you are printing the entries in
a day, display the day itself; to print the entries in a week,
display a day that falls in that week. YOl) can also select the
day or week number you want to print, from any display in
which it appears.

Open .••
Open in New ••.
Include •••
Name As •••
Delete ..•

........................

I Print...
Exit

Click on the time, day number, or week number, as
appropriate.

Choose Print... from the File menu.

Using the Calendar 2-11

Calendar displays a dialog box.
~i

Calendar: Print

Tuesday the 10th of October, 1989
"I

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Ull(~ Umi1

o Send File To Printer
/ldxcalendar.ps

/CQKJI I Cancel I

/ Options ...

The dialog box shows the time period you have selected and
provides a default name for the file to be sent to the printer.
It also lets you limit the number of lines you want printed for
each entry by clicking on the Limit Lines Per Entry option
and moving the arrow in the scale to set the desired limit.
4

The default file name dxcalendar.ps is displayed. Change
the name provided by the dialog box, if you want, and then
confirm your request by clicking on the OK button.
The requested section (timeslot, day, or week) is copied to the
named file. You are now ready to send the file to the printer.

Working with Multiple Calendars
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You can create, open, save, print, and delete calendars. You
can create different calendars to use for specific purposes. For
example, you could designate some calendars for your personal
use and other calendars for use by a group.
You can use the Open... menu item from the Calendar's File menu
to open a calendar, even if you do not have privileges to modify it.
This makes it possible to use a calendar for informal sharing of
information. For example, a group secretary can create a calendar
for events of group-wide interest, so that everyone on a team can
see when group activities are going on. Only one person at a time
can write in this calendar, and the calendar cannot be read while
it is being modified. If no one is modifying the file, an unlimited
number of people can read it simultaneously.

2-12 Using the Calendar

Creating a New Calendar
To create a new calendar:
Choose Open... from the File menu. Calendar displays a
dialog box.
File Filter

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Files in

61 Filter I
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Selection

I
2

Type a unique file name for the new calendar in the Selection
text entry field and click on the OK button. By default,
Calendar adds the file extension .dwc to calendar file names.
A dialog box is displayed, asking if the calendar currently
being displayed should be removed before displaying the
new calendar, or if you want to keep both calendars on the
screen at the same time. Click on Replace to display the new
calendar in place of the old calendar. Click on New to display
both Calendars simultaneously.

Calendar asks if you want to create a new file. Click on Yes to
create a new calendar.

By default, the new calendar is presented in a month display
containing the current day.
The calendar file name can always be changed again (see
Renaming an Existing Calendar).

Using the Calendar 2-13

Opening an Existing Calendar
To open an existing calendar:
Choose Open... from the File menu.
Calendar displays a dialog box that prompts you for the name
of the calendar you want to open. The file list box lists the
names of any calendar files in the current directory; that is,
files that have the extension .dwc.
2

Select the file name you want to view and click on OK.
If you want to open a calendar file that is not listed, type the
name of that file in the Selection text entry field and click on
the OK button. Or, use the File Filter text entry field to list a
subset of files that you can then select from. For example, to
list all files in another directory with the file extension .dwc,
type the complete directory specification, /jones/staff/*.dwc, in
the File Filter text entry field and click on the Filter button.
Then, double click on the file name of the calendar you want
to open.
A dialog box is displayed, asking if the calendar currently
being displayed should be removed before displaying the new
calendar, or if you want to keep both calendars on the screen
at the same time. Click on New or Remove to make your
choice.
If you specify the name of a calendar that you are not allowed
to read, the Open operation fails and a message box is
displayed, explaining the cause of the failure.

The calendar is opened.

Renaming an Existing Calendar
To rename the current calendar, choose Name As... from the File
menu.
A dialog box is displayed:

I Cancel I
Type in the new calendar name. Calendar adds the file extension
.dwc to calendar file names by default. You can rename only those
calendars in which you are allowed to write.

2-14 Using the Calendar

Closing a Calendar
Choose Close from the File menu to close the current calendar.

Deleting a Calendar
Choose Delete... from the File menu to delete a calendar.
Calendar displays a dialog box, asking whether you really want
to delete the calendar. If you do not have sufficient privileges to
delete the specified calendar, an error message is displayed.

:usfomizing a Calendar
General. ..
Day View .. .
Icon box .. .
Alarms .. .
Save Settings

Use the Customize menu to customize the appearance and
behavior of your calendar. With the Customize menu, you can
change the appearance and behavior of many of Calendar's
displays, including the:
•

General Settings

•

Day View Settings

•

Icon Box Settings

Restore Settings
Use Defaults

• Alarm Settings
Use the Save Settings menu item to save your customized settings
from one session to the next. The size and placement of all
windows are also saved.
Use the Restore Settings menu item to cancel any unsaved
changes you make and restore the current saved settings of all
customization options.
In dialog boxes, shaded buttons indicate the current settings.
Click on a button or its label to change the setting. Click on the
Apply button to apply your changes without closing the dialog box.
Click on the OK button to apply your changes and close the dialog
box.

Customizing the General Display
General .•.

Choose General... from the Customize menu. Calendar displays
the General dialog box.

Day View •.•
Icon box •.•
Alarms •.•
Save Settings
Restore Settings
Use Defaults

Using the Calendar 2-15

Genet"al

II Show Week Numbers

Work Week

D Sunday
II Monday
II Tuesday
II Wednesday
II Thursday
II Friday
D saturday

I [!]
Date for Week No.1

...........................................
First View

I Sunday

o 'Live' Scrolling
o Right to Left
D Fill Blank Days

I January

First Day of Week

III Show AM/PM

I Month I

D Start Iconized

III Print Blank Days
III BOK Current Day

I Don't Mark Past Days I

~ I Reset I I Cancel I
From the General Settings dialog box, you can modify any of the
following calendar features:
Work Week

Normally, Calendar designates Monday through Friday as the
work week, as indicated by the shaded toggle buttons immediately
to the left of the days. You can change the settings by clicking on
the days you want to use for your work week.
First Day of Week

Unless you specify otherwise, the first day of the week is Sunday,
as indicated by a shaded option button. You can designate another
day as the first day of the week by clicking on it.
Show Week Numbers

Unless you specify otherwise, the leftmost column in every month
display lists the number of each week, starting with the first week
of January as week number one. You can disable this feature by
turning off the Show Week Numbers option.
Date for Week No. 1

In every month display, the leftmost column lists the number of
each week. This is in effect as long as the Include Week Numbers
option is turned on. By default, weeks are numbered starting
with the first week of January as week number one. The following
weeks are numbered accordingly, ending with the last week in
December as number 52.
The Date for Week No. 1 option enables you to set the week you
want to designate as the first week of the year by choosing the
desired month and moving the arrow in the scale to the desired
date. For example, if your fiscal year starts the first week of July
and you want to designate that week as the first week of the year,

2-16 Using the Calendar

choose July from the list of months and choose a date number that
falls in the first week of July. To ensure that the date you choose
falls in the first full week of the month, you may want to choose a
date such as July 6.
The date January 4 is the preset option, which ensures that the
first full week in January is used as the first week of the year.
First View
When you start Calendar, the month display appears on your
screen by default. You can click on Year Display or Day Display to
choose either of those options to be the first display you see when
you start Calendar.
Start Iconized
Normally, when you start Calendar you see a display of the
current month. By turning on the Start Iconized option, you can
cause Calendar to start as an icon.
Show AM/PM
By default, Calendar has a 12-hour time system that uses AM and
PM in its day display to differentiate timeslots. If you disable the
Show AMlPM option, Calendar uses a 24-hour time system in its
day display-for example, 1 p.m. becomes 13:00, and so on.

'Live'Scrolling
Normally, when you move the slider on the scroll bars in the day,
month, and year displays, the displays don't move until after you
have moved the slider. When you enable this option, the displays
change dynamically when you move the slider.
Right to Left
Normally, timeslots appear on the left side of the day view and the
vertical scroll bar appears in the right side.

You can reverse the position of these elements, including the
timebars, by enabling the Right to Left option.
Fill Blank Days
Unless you specify otherwise, Calendar leaves the days not filled
by the current month blank. When you turn on the Fill Blank
Days in Month Display option, Calendar fills the blank days at
the beginning and end of the current month with the dates of the
preceding and following months.
Print Blank Days
Normally, when you print out a week from your calendar, all days
are printed out whether or not you have entries in them.

Using the Calendar

2-17

You can disable the Print Blank Days option by clicking on it,
which causes only those days that have entries in them to be
printed out.
Box Current Day

Normally, Calendar boxes the current day in the day display. You
can disable this feature by clicking on it.
Don't Mark Past Days

Normally, Calendar does not distinguish past days from future
days. You can direct calendar to cross out or strike out past days
by choosing the appropriate option from the Don't Mark Past Days
options menu.

Customizing the Day Display
General •••

II Day View •..
Icon box •••
Alarms •••

You can customize the day display by choosing Day View... from
the Customize menu.
Calendar displays the Day View dialog box.

Use Defaults

Day View

Save Settings
Restore Settings

Timeslot Size! Half Hour

Vertical
Spacing

Increment

5 Minutes

Font size

Icon size

o small

.0.

@ Medium

o Large

£1

Working Hours

start
Finish

00
[!] 0

Stacking! Show Length !
3

ffl
Horizontal Spacing
4

ffl
Timebar Width

Lunch Hours

o Times on the Line

[!!] [!2] pm o Show Full Times
[II Show Day Notes
pm QJ[!2] pm
[II Show Months

Icon: .--_ _ _ _ _=[II<...:.A=U=to'-'C=li=ck;:..;;o=nc...::C=lo=;ck

Flag:
[II Day Notes

[II Entries

iJj

iJj 14 ,<:1 I») ~ ~ 3: r::::J / ~ 0 [±
~ WI + $ i ! ? ~ P 0 it w

I~I ~ I Reset I I Cancel I

Use this dialog box to modify any of the following day display
features:

2-18 Using the Calendar

Day Display: Timeslot Size
By default, the day display has timeslots broken up into 30
minute intervals. You can choose 1 hour, 15 minute or 5 minutes
intervals instead.
Increment
The resize bar lets you create a Calendar entry that is larger or
smaller than the timeslot size. Normally, the resize bar expands
or contracts a timeslot in 5-minute increments.

Change this increment by choosing a different option from the
Increment option menu.
The resize bar time increment is always smaller than the timeslot
size. For example, if your timeslot size is 30 minutes, the Hour
option on the Increment option menu is dimmed since you can
only resize the entry in increments smaller than or equal to the
timeslot itself.
Font Size
Normally, Calendar uses a medium font size for timeslots and
entries. You can change the font size by clicking on one of the font
size option buttons.
Icon Size
Normally, Calendar displays medium-sized icons in the handles of
Calendar: entries. You can change the icon size by clicking on one
of the Icon size options.
Working Hours
Calendar uses the preset options 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. for
working hours, which determine the timeslots it uses in the
day display. You can change these values by clicking on the
appropriate box to set the time you want.
Lunch Hours
Normally, Calendar uses 12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m. for lunch hours.
You can change these values by clicking on the appropriate box to
set the time you want.
Flag
Normally, when you create a day note or entry, the corresponding
day is flagged. This means that the font of the specified day is
changed in the month view to make it stand out.

Disable this flagging by clicking on the corresponding button.

Using the Calendar 2-19

Icon
Normally, the meeting icon appears in the handle of a Calendar
entry. The pencil icon is normally ~ssociated with the day note.

With this option, you define the default icon that will be applied
when you create a new entry. This option also allows you to define
the default icon to be used when you create Daynotes. You can
later override these defaults using the associated entry editor.
You can associate multiple icons with a particular entry by using
the entry editor. For more information, see Creating an Entry.
Vertical Spacing
This option lets you set the relative height of the timeslots-the
greater the value, the more the white space. Larger values tend
to be more readable, smaller values allow more timeslots to be
displayed in the same space.

To modify the timeslot height, press and drag MB 1 to move the
arrow in the scale to the desired value.
Horizontal Spacing
This option lets you adjust the width of the timeslots.

To midify the timeslot width, press and drag MB 1 to move the
arrow in the scale to the desired value.
Timebar Width
This option controls the thickness of the two timebars. A greater
value will produce thicker timebars. A value of 0 will remove
them completely.
Stacking
Normally, overlapping entries are stacked so that the left side of
each entry is always visible. This is the effect of the Show Length
option in the Stacking option menu.

To cause Calendar to stack overlapping entries so that the first
line of each entry is visible, choose Show Text from the Stacking
option menu. When Show Text is enabled, Calendar leaves a gap
to display some of the text associated with a hidden entry.
Calendar does not save any changes you make to the stacking
order for a given set of entries.
Times on the Line
Normally, the starting time of a timeslot is centered between the
top and bottom lines of the timeslot.

2-20 Using the Calendar

You can cause the starting time of a timeslot to be centered in the
top line of the timeslot by enabling the Times on the Line option.
Show Full Times
Normally, timeslots that are not on the full hour are displayed
as the number of minutes after the full hour. For example, the
timeslot for 2:00 would be displayed as 2:00, but the timeslot for
2:30 would be displayed as 30.

To cause Calendar to display the hour as well as the minutes for
a timeslot, enable the Show Full Times option. This would cause
2:30 to be displayed as 2:30.
Show Day Notes
Normally, the day note entry box appears below the date in the
day display.

To remove the day note entry box, disable the Show Day Notes
option by clicking on it. Old day notes are not deleted if you
disable day notes; they just are not visible.
Show Months
Unless you specify otherwise, Calendar displays the current and
next month at the top of a day display. You can disable this option
by turning off the Show Months option.
Autoclick on Clock

The standard Calendar requires you to start autoscrolling by
clicking on the clock when you display the Day View. By setting
the autoclick option on, autoscrolling will happen automatically
when you first open the day view.

Customizing Calendar Icons
General ...
Day View ...

I Icon box...
Alarms .•.

You can customize the Calendar icon that appears in the
DECwindows Icon box by choosing Icon Box... from the Customize
menu.
Calendar displays the Icon Box dialog box.

Save Settings
Restore Settings
Use Defaults

Icon box

DI~

_______________

ij] Show Day Name

Ij] Full Day Name

Ij] New Line

Ij] Show Time

I~I ~ I Reset I I Cancel I

Using the Calendar 2-21

The text entry field in the upper left corner of the dialog box lets
you enter text that appear on the top line of the icon box.
In addition to entering text, you can modify the following Calendar
icon features:
New Line

Use the two New Line buttons to customize the layout of the
Calendar icon.
Enabling the top New Line button causes the text you type into
the text entry field to appear on the top line in the icon box.
Enabling the second New Line button causes the time of day to
appear on a line below the day of the week. Disable this option by
clicking on the shaded toggle button.
Show Day Name

Normally, the day of the week appears in the icon. You can disable
this option by clicking on the shaded toggle button.
Full Day Name

Normally, the day of the week that appears in the icon is in an
unabbreviated form. You can cause day names to be abbreviated
by disabling this option.
Show Time

Normally, the time appears in the icon. You can disable this
option by clicking on the shaded toggle button.

Saving Customized Features
To save your customized features, choose Save Settings from
the Customize menu. This causes your new settings to be used
whenever you start a Calendar session. The size and placement of
all displays are also saved.

General •..
Day View .•.
Icon box •.•
Alarms •..
I

s~~~o °s~Otti~~~OO

000

Restore Settings
Use Defaults

To restore your settings to the currently saved defaults, drag the
pointer to the submenu icon next to the Customize menu item,
and release MBI over the Restore Settings menu item.
To restore your settings to the system defaults, drag the pointer to
the submenu icon next to the Customize menu item, and release
MBI over the Use Defaults menu item.

2-22 Using the Calendar

Changing the Shape of a Display
You can change the size of any Calendar display by using the
window's size button. If you resize the display to be smaller than
the elements inside it, Calendar will try to rearrange the elements
to fit the new size, but some of the elements may not be visible.
For example, if you resize the year display so that is only big
enough to display eight months, Calendar will display only the
next 8 months.
To save the size settings from one session to the next, use the
Save Settings menu item on the Customize menu.

Exiting from the Calendar

m
Open ...

To exit from Calendar and close all open calendars, choose the
Exit menu item from the File menu.

Open in New ...
Include ...

Name As ...
Delete ...
Print...

I Exit

Using the Calendar 2-23

3
Using the Cardfiler
The Cardfiler lets you create an electronic box of index cards. This
electronic file box is called a card file. Card files contain cards,
which can hold any kind of information you like, such as names,
addresses, and telephone numbers. For example, you could have
a card file called Food filled with cards that contain recipes and
names of restaurants.
By organizing your index cards into sets (card files), you can keep
one group of cards separate from another group, for example, your
business cards and your personal cards.
This chapter describes how to: .
•

Start the Cardfiler

•

Create and add cards to a card file

• View topics in a card file
•

Search a card file for text

•

Edit a card

• Incorporate graphics
•

Open an existing card file

•

Save a card file

• Merge two card files
•

Exit from the Cardfiler

Using the Cardfiler 3-1

Starting the Cardfiler
To start the Cardfiler, choose Cardfiler from the Session Manager
Applications menu, or enter the following command in a DECterm
window:
% dxcardfiler &

The Cardfiler displays an empty card file in the Cardfiler window.
Initially, the card file is empty, but it fills up with index topics as
you add cards.
~I Card filer: untitled

File

Card

IbBl611
Help

Opening a Card File
You can either create a card file and then add cards to it, or you
can create cards and then save them into a card file. For example,
you can create a card file called "Clients" and then fill it with
cards that contain names and telephone numbers of your business
clients. To create a new card file or open an existing one:
Choose Open... from the File menu.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

3-2 Using the Cardfiler

Carofiler: Open

File filter
I *·ctard
Files in
.0

I Filter I

~II

I Cancel I

<lCJr> 0
Selection
I·caret

To create a new card file, click on the Selection text field
and enter the name of the card file you want to create, for
example, Clients. By default, Card:filer adds the extension
.card to card file names.
Click on OK. Card:filer displays a message telling you the file
was not found and that a new file is being opened. Click on
the Acknowledged button to dismiss this message.
To open an existing card file, select the name of the file you
want to open.
Use the scroll bars to view a complete list of your card files.
The card file name you select is displayed in the text field.
The new card file is displayed.

If you try to open another card file without first saving any
changes you made to the current file, a dialog box is displayed,
asking whether you want to save your changes. Click on the Yes
button to save your changes. Click on the No button to discard
your changes.

Adding a Card
You start a file of index cards by adding a card. As you add cards,
they are sorted alphabetically according to the topic you type in
the card's index field. By displaying the topic of each index card,
the card file window lists the contents of the card file. To add a
card:
Choose Create Card... from the Card menu.

Using the Cardfiler 3-3

The Cardfiler displays a blank index card in the Card window.
The dialog box prompts you to type the topic of the new index
card.
I~I

Create Card

IIIndex for this card
I Cancel I
2

Enter the new topic under which you want the card filed.

Press IReturn lor click on the OK button.
The text you just typed is added to the title bar at the top of
the Card window and to the contents of the Cardfiler window.
You can add information to the new card.

Type any information belonging on the index card, for
example, an address.
Type the text as you want it to appear, using the Return key,
space bar, and Tab key to format it. Cards can contain up to
4000 characters and up to 64K bytes of graphics.

When you are finished with the index card, choose Close menu
from the file menu.

The Card window is closed and the contents of the index card are
added to your card file.
You can open another index card in the card file without closing
the current card. When you choose the Create Card... menu
item from the Card menu in the Cardfiler window, the Cardfiler
automatically saves any changes you made to the current index
card and returns it to the card file before it opens a new card in
the file.
If you create a series of cards before you have created the card file
in which you want to place them, you can save them into a new
cardfile.
To save cards into a new card file:
From the empty, untitled card file you see when you start the
Cardfiler, create your cards.
2

3-4 Using the Cardfiler

Choose either Save or Save As... from the File menu.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

In the Selection text field, enter the name of the card file you
want to put your cards in.
For example, if you created a series of cards about famous
baseball players, you could create a card file called Baseball.

Click on' OK.
The new card file name is displayed at the top of the Cardfiler
window with a list of all the index cards in that card file.

liewing the Contents of a Card File
Although you can look at only one index card at a time, you can
easily switch from one card to another by selecting a card from
the card file window. When your card file contains too many cards
to list in a window at a time, you can use the scroll bar to move
through the file. You can also search the contents of a card file for
a given text string.

Opening an Existing Card
To display the contents of a card you have already created, select
the card from the card file window by pointing to its index line
and clicking MBI.
The card's index topic becomes shaded and the contents of the
card are displayed in the Card window.

Scrolling Through a Card File
As you accumulate cards, they cannot be listed all at once in the
card file window. The scroll bar along the left side of the card file
lets you scroll through the list of the index cards in your file. To
scroll through the list of index cards in your file, click and hold
MBI on the stepping arrow.

Finding Text
You can search a card file for any text string. The text can be a
word, a number, or any other characters that you can type on your
keyboard. Because the Cardfiler treats spaces as text, you can
search for two or more words.
The Cardfiler searches either the index topics or the contents of
the index cards.
To search the index topics in a card file for specific text:
Choose Search Index... from the Search menu in the card file
window.

Using the Cardfiler 3-5

Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

I!!ill

Search Index

IIGo to Card
I Cancel I
2

Type the text string you want located.

Press IReturn lor click on the OK button.

The Cardfiler searches the topics of all index cards in the file and
displays the first card in your file containing the text string.
You can continue to search for a text string by choosing the Find
Next menu item from the Search menu in the card file window.
The Cardfiler continues to search the card file for the text and
displays each card that contains the text in its index field.
To search the contents of each card in the file for specific text:
Choose Search Card... from the Search menu in the card file
window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

I!!ill

Seal'Ch Card

IIFind Text
I Cancel I
2

Type the text string you want located.

Press Return or click on the OK button.

The Cardfiler searches all index cards in the file and displays the
first card in your file containing the text string.
You can continue to search for a text string by choosing the Find
Next menu item from the Search menu in the card file window.
The Cardfiler continues to search the card file for the text and
displays each card that contains the text.

3-6 Using the Cardfiler

Editing a Card
The Cardfiler editing commands let you copy, delete, and
rearrange text on an index card. If you decide you do not want to
save your edits, Cardfiler can restore the card to its original state.

Renaming a Card
To change the topic of an index card, you modify the index line:
Create Card .•. Alt/N

Select the card you want to rename from the card file window
by pointing to it and clicking MB1.

Duplicate
Rename •••
Delete

Alt/D

Choose Rename... from the Card menu on the Card window.

Use the arrow keys to move the text cursor and the Delete key
to erase unwanted text.

Type the new topic under which you want the card filed.

Click on the OK button.

Undelete

The card is renamed and remains open. If you want to close the
card, choose the Close menu item from the card's File menu.

Moving the Text Cursor
When you create a new card, the text cursor appears in the upper
left corner of the card window. When you open an existing card,
the text cursor remains where it was when you last edited the
card.
If you are creating a new card and want to move the text cursor,
use the Return key or place the pointer where you want the text
cursor and click MB 1. You can use this method to move the text
cursor on an existing card, or you can use the arrow keys to move
the text cursor anywhere in the existing text (except to the index
line).

Selecting Text
In order to delete, move, or copy text, you must first select that
text. Select the text by pressing and holding MB1, dragging the
pointer over the text, and releasing MB1. This highlights the
selected text. The Cardfiler stores this text until you tell it what
to do.

Using the Cardfiler 3-7

File Edit Search Card
A must for any visitor. Pike Place Market is a
bustling mil( of fish and farmer's markets,
arts and craft shops,
and street musician
Take the Stewart St. el(it off 1-5 South,
head down Stewart until you can't go any
further; that's Pike Place Market.

I Previous I I Nel(t I
Deleting Text
To delete small amounts of text on your card, use the Delete
key. If you selected text for deletion, press any key to delete the
highlighted text.

Moving Text
Because the Cardfiler saves the last text you selected and deleted,
you can move text from one location to another on a card or
between cards.
To move text on a card:
Select the text you want moved to another location on the
card.
2

Choose Cut from the Edit menu.

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MB l.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.
The deleted text appears in the new location.

To move text from one card to another:
1

Select the text you want to move to another card.

Choose Cut from the Edit menu.

From the card file window, click on the card to which you want
to move the text.
The new card is opened.

3-8 Using the Cardfiler

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MBI.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.
The selected text is inserted in the new location.

Copying Text
Because the Cardfiler keeps track of your selected text, you can
copy text from one location to another on a card and between
cards.
To copy text on a card:
Select the text you want copied to another location on the
card.
2

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MBI.

Click MB2.
The selected text is copied to the new location.

To copy text from one card to another:
Select the text you want copied to another card.
2

Choose Copy from the Edit menu to store the copied text.

From the card file, click on the card to which you want to
move the text.
The new card is opened.

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MB l.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.
The text is copied to the new location.

Using the Cardfiler 3-9

Incorporating Graphics
You can add graphics, such as those you create with the Paint
program, to Cardfiler index cards. The Cardfiler places a graphic
at the top of a card, keeping the picture's original size, and
relocates text to the remaining space.
To incorporate a graphic that has been saved as a file into a card:
Print
Alt/p
Print...
I Include Image ... Alt/O I

....................................

Alt/Q

Open a card.

Choose Include Image... from the Card window's File menu .
Cardfiler displays a dialog box that lists all files in the curren1
directory that have the file name extension DDIF. (DDIF files
are created by the Paint application by default.)

Select one of the listed files, display a different set of files
using the file filter, or type the name of the file you want in
the Selection text entry field.
The graphic is displayed on your card. If it is larger than the
current size of your index card, you can display the entire
graphic by enlarging the card with the resize button.

To copy part or all of a graphic directly from the Paint application:
Display the graphic you want to use in the Paint application
2

Select the portion of the graphic you want to copy to your open
card.

Choose Cut or Copy from Paint's Edit menu. Cut causes the
graphic to disappear from the Paint window, whereas Copy
simply makes a copy of it.

Give your open index card input focus by clicking on it.
Choose Paste from the Edit menu.
The graphic is displayed on your card. If it larger than the
current size of the card, you can display the entire graphic by
enlarging the card with the resize button.

To erase a graphic from your card:
Select the graphic by clicking on it.
You can unselect a graphic by clicking in the text portion of
the card.
2

3-10 Using the Cardfiler

Choose Clear from the Edit menu.
Cardfiler erases the graphic. You can restore it by
immediately choosing Undo from the Edit menu.

_aving a Card File
Open .. .
Merge .. .
Save
Save As ...
Print
Print...

Whether you create a new card file or make changes to an existing
card file, such as adding or deleting a card or changing any
information on a card, you need to save that card file when you
are done working with it.
To save a new card file or change the name of an existing one:
Choose Save As... from the File menu in the card file window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box, prompting you for the name of
the file.

Save Geometry
Use System Defaults

..................................

Quit

Cardfiler: Save As

l[g

File filter
\ *·tJard
Files in

61 Filter I

~oq
I
I
Cancel

<:JD[)O
Selection
\. car 4

U sing the IDelete I and arrow keys, delete any text in the
Selection text field and type the name of file. The default file
type for card file names is card.
Give the file a name that you can easily recognize. For
example, if the card file contains the numbers of your business
associates in Rome, you might name the file rome. card.
Giving the file name an extension of .card lets you recognize
that this is a card file.

Press IReturn I or click on the OK button.
You are returned to the card file window. If you saved a new
card file, notice that the name of the card file in the title
bar has changed from untitled to rome.card. If you saved an
existing card file, the card file name is replaced by rome.card.

To save the current card file, choose Save from the File menu in
the card file window.

Using the Cardfiler 3-11

To save the current card file under a new file name:
1

Choose Save As... from the File menu in the card file window.

Using the Delete and arrow keys, delete any text in the text
field and type the file's new name.

Press IReturn I or click on the OK button.

You are returned to the card file window. Notice that the title bar
contains the new card file name.

Merging Card Files
You can merge the contents of the current file with another file,
resulting in a card file that combines and sorts the contents of
both files. The card file whose contents were merged with the
current card file remains unchanged.
Choose Merge... from the File menu on the card file window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.
I~

Card filer: Merge

File filter
, *·clard
Files in

61 Filter I

1Cancel I

0
<jCJI) 0

Selection
,. car

Select the name of the file you want to merge with the current
file. Use the scroll bars to view a complete list of your files.
The file name you selected is displayed in the text field.

Press IReturn I or click on the OK button.

The contents of the two card files are merged and sorted
alphabetically.

3-12 Using the Cardfiler

Exiting from the Cardfiler
Open •••
Merge ••.
Save
Save As .••
Print
Print...
Save Geometry
Use System Defaults

I Q~it'"''''''''''''''''''''''''

If you changed the size or screen position of the Cardfiler and
would like to save those settings, choose Save Geometry from the
File menu before exiting. To restore the system default settings,
choose Use System Defaults from the File menu.
To exit from the Cardfiler, choose Quit from the File menu in the
card file window.
If you have not saved any changes or additions to the current
file, Cardfiler displays a dialog box, asking whether you want to
save your changes. Click on the Cancel button to return to the
Cardfiler window.
Caution

I~I

o
Do you want to save the current data
before quitting?

[EJ [!!] I Cancel I
Click on the Yes button to save your changes and exit from the
Cardfiler, or Click on the No button to exit from the Cardfiler
without saving your changes. To return to the Cardfiler window,
click on the Cancel button.

Using the Cardfiler 3-13

4
Using the Clock
The Clock displays the time (in analog or in 12- or 24-hour
digital formats) and the date. You can change this display to suit
your needs. You can also set the Clock's alarm to remind you of
appointments.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start the Clock

• Customize the Clock display
•

Set the alarm

• Exit from the Clock

Starting the Clock
To start the Clock, choose Clock from the Session Manager
Applications menu, or enter the following command from a
DECterm window:
% dxclock&

The Clock is displayed on your screen. You can move and change
the size of the Clock as you wish.
Ell Clock

.............

1h!]1Iii]

'. Oct 11 Wed
2:50 pm

Using the Clock 4-1

Changing the Clock Display
You can customize the Clock display to include any combination of
the date and time areas.
To change the Clock display:
1

Place the pointer anywhere in the Clock display.

Press and hold MB2.
Clock displays a pop-up menu.

::~I Clock

10161

.. ',-".

Oct 11 Wed
Settings .••
Save Settings
Use System Settings
Help

Quit

Choose the Settings... menu item.

Clock displays a dialog box.

Clock Settings

Components

III Analog

[I Digital

III Date

o 24 Hour Digital Time
Alarm Settings
OAlarm

~ ~

@AM
OPM

IAlarm Message

I Cancel I
Shaded toggle buttons indicate the current settings. Click MBI on
a toggle button or its label to change the setting. For example, if
you want only the analog clock displayed and the Analog, Digital,
and Date toggle buttons are shaded, click on the Digital and Date
toggle buttons to disable those settings. If you want the clock
to display 24-hour digital (military) time, enable that setting by
clicking on 24 Hour Digital Time.
Click on the OK button to save any changed settings. Click on
the Cancel button to return to the date and time display without
changing any settings.

4-2 Using the Clock

You can also display the Settings ... dialog box directly, without
first displaying the pop-up menu by double-clicking MBI
anywhere on the Clock display.
To save your customized settings and the size and placement of
the clock on the screen:
Make any desired changes to the size, position, and settings of
the clock.
2

Click MBI on the OK button.

Press and hold MB2 to display the pop-up menu.

Choose Save Settings.
To restore the system defaults, choose Use System Settings
from the pop-up menu.

Setting the Alarm
You can set the alarm to remind you of an appointment. To set
the alarm from the Settings dialog box:
Click MBI on the alarm toggle button to switch the alarm on.
2

Move to the hours field and type the hour at which you want
the alarm to go off. You can either use a 12-hour clock, in
which case you need to specify AM or PM, or you can use a
24-hour clock (military time).
Use IDelete I to erase any number already entered or to correct
typing mistakes.

Move to the minutes field and finish entering the time you
want the alarm to go off.

If you are using a 12-hour clock, click on either the AM or PM
option button.

To display a message on your screen when the alarm goes
off, move to the alarm message field and type your message.
Alarm messages may contain up to 200 characters.

Click on the OK button to save the settings. Click on the
Cancel button to return to the date and time display without
changing any settings.

When the alarm goes off, a box displays the alarm message on
your screen. Click on the Acknowledged button to clear the alarm
message from your screen.

Using the Clock 4-3

Exiting from the Clock
Settings ...
Save Settings
Use System Settings
Help
QUit

4-4 Using the Clock

To exit from the Clock, choose the Quit menu item from the
Clock's pop-up menu.

5
Using the CDA Viewer
The CDA Viewer lets you view DDIF (DIGITAL Document
Interchange Format) files. DDIF is a standard format for the
storage and interchange of compound documents as defined by
Digital's Compound Document Architecture (CDA). Compound
documents contain multiple elements, for example, text and
graphics. DDIF files cannot be viewed in the same way as
ordinary text files.
The CDA Viewer displays only DDIF files. If you specify a file
that is not a DDIF file, for example, a text (ASCII) file, the file is
converted to DDIF before it is displayed.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start the CDA Viewer

•

Display DDIF files

•

Change processing options

• Exit from the CDA Viewer

Starting the CDA Viewer
To start the CDA Viewer and view a file, choose CDA Viewer from
the Session Manager Applications menu or enter the following
command in a DECterm window:
% dxvdoc &

Using the CDA Viewer 5-1

The CDA Viewer displays its main window and its Open file dialog
box. The main window is where you view DDIF files.
b!:I'6:

iP CDA Viewer: ® Digital Equipment Corporation. 1988, 1989. All Rights Reserved.
File

Help

II!iI

Open

File Filter

I~·ddif
Files in

_0n

File Format

Iddi~

dtif

text

<lDI>D

Filter

I[J[JI
I Cancel I

I Options File... II Paper Size... I

Open File

II
<II

II>
Page 0 of 0

Viewing DDIF Files
When the Viewer starts, it displays the Open file dialog box that
prompts you for the name of the file you want to view. The files
list box lists the names of any DDIF files in the current directory.
To open and view a file in the CDA Viewer window, you must
In the File Format text field, type in the format of the file you
want to view.
Type TEXT if you want to view a TEXT file. Type DDIF if you
want to view a DDIF file.

5-2 Using the CDA Viewer

Double-click on the file name you want to view, and then click
on the OK button.
The CDA Viewer displays the contents of the file you specified.
The title bar contains the name of the file currently viewed.

If you want to view a DDIF or text file that is not listed, type the
name of that file in the Open File text field and click on the OK
button. Or, use the File Filter text entry field to list a subset of
files that you can then select from. For example, to list all files in
another directory with the file extension .ddif, type the complete
directory specification, for example, Ijones/project/*.ddif, in the
File Filter text entry field and click on the Filter button. Then
double click on the file name of the file you want to view.

To display information about the file you are currently viewing,
choose Document Information... from the File menu. The CDA
Viewer displays the product name, title, author, version, and date
the file was created.
To display diagnostic information about the file you are viewing,
such as warnings and errors that occurred while you were
formatting the file, choose Diagnostic Information... from the File
menu.

Changing Processing Options
See the UWS
r-eference page
rlxvdoc(lX)
ror more
information
2bout processing
')ptions.

By means of an options file, you can change the way the CDA
Viewer processes a file for viewing. You specify the options file,
which contains the various options you want applied, by clicking
on the Options File... button in the Open dialog box. The Options
File dialog box is displayed.
I~

Options rill'

Options File Filter

1~·cda_oPtions
Files in
6

I Filter I

I
I Cancel I

<)01> 0
Options File

Using the CDA Viewer 5-3

The Files list box lists the option files available in the current
directory. Double click on the options file you want applied and
then click on the OK button. These options will be used when the
Viewer converts your file to DDIF format.
If you do not specify an options file, preset processing options are
used.

Changing the Paper Size
In addition to setting different processing options, you can specify
paper size formatting options for the next document that you
open. To specify the paper size, click on the Paper Size ... button
in the Open dialog box. The Paper Size dialog box is displayed.

_ Paper Size
Default Paper Size
AO

Width

Height

L
L

@ characters

0 inches
0 mm

'-------'--'

o Override Document Format

I Cancel I
By default, the CDA Viewer formats a document according to the
information stored in the file. If you want to look at a document
and override the format information stored in the file, click on
the Override Document Format toggle button. If you want to see
what the document would look like specifying a default paper size,
click on one of the paper sizes in the Paper Size list box, or enter
a paper size of your own.
The processing options, paper size, and override format choice
only apply to the next file you open. They do not immediately
change the appearance of the document currently displayed. Click
on the OK button to use these options for the next document that
you open.

5-4 Using the CDA Viewer

:Iosing a File
When you have finished viewing a file, close it by choosing the
Close menu item from the File menu. This keeps the CDA Viewer
active for you to open another file. If you open another file without
closing the current one, the CDA Viewer closes the current file
before opening the next one.

:xiting from the CDA Viewer
Open •••
l)otIll'M~nt IlIfoI'llHUion."

niagnostil: lui"OrllH\tion ...

To exit from the CDA Viewer, choose the Quit menu item from the
File menu. If you did not close the last file you viewed, the CDA
Viewer closes it before exiting.

Quit

Using the CDA Viewer 5-5

6
Using DECterm
DECterm is a VT300-series terminal emulator.
This chapter describes how to:
• Create a DECterm window
• Customize DECterm operating features
• Copy information
• Clear and resize DECterm windows
• Compose special characters
• Exit from DECterm
In addition to using these features, you can program DECterm
text features and ReGIS and sixel graphics. See the DECterm Text
Programming Manual and the DECterm Graphics Programming
Manual for detailed information about using these features.

:reating a DECterm Window
To create a DECterm window, choose DECterm from the Session
Manager Applications menu.
A DECterm window is displayed.

Using DECterm 6-1

Commands

Edit

Customize

I
Help

Give DECterm input focus by pointing to it and clicking MBl.

Customizing DECterm
Window ...
Display •••
General .•.
Keyboard ••.
7-Bit NRCS Selection ...
Graphics ••.
Use Last Saved Settings
Use System Defaults

The DECterm customize menu lets you choose operating features
for your DECterm window and lets you save those features. With
the Customize menu, you can change:
• Window features, such as font used to display text, or the
window size
•

Display features, such as the shape of the cursor or whether
scroll bars appear

Use Saved Settings From ...
Save Current Settings
Save Current Settings As •.•

• General features, such as your terminal type and character
set
• Keyboard features, such as margin and warning bells or the
behavior of certain keys (like ~)
• The 7-Bit National Replacement Character Set (NRCS) that
corresponds to your keyboard
• Graphics features, such as as color map entries and color
planes
Choosing an item from the Customize menu causes DECterm to
display a dialog box. In all DECterm dialog boxes, shaded buttons
indicate the current settings.

6-2 Using DECterm

In DECterm dialog boxes:
• Click MBI on a button or its label to change the setting.
• Click on the Apply button to view your changes without
closing the dialog box.
• Click on the OK button to apply your changes and close the
dialog box.
• Click on the Cancel button to cancel your changes.

Customizing a DECterm Window
Choose Window... from the Customize menu to change DECterm
window features such as font or terminal size. DECterm displays
a dialog box.
~

_ DECtenn: Window

o Auto Resize Terminal

Terminal Size

iii Auto Resize Window

~ Rows

l!1.

~
~

iii Terminal Driver Resize

o Big Font
@ Little Font

o Normal Font (80 Columns)
o Condensed Font (132 Columns)

o
o

Columns

@ Normal/BO, Condensed/132

, DEcterni
Window Title
D_Ect_e_r_ni________
Icon Name

,-I

I~I I Apply II Cancel I
•

From the Window dialog box, you can customize the following
features:
Auto Resize Terminal
Normally, changing the window size does not change the size of
DECterm. Clicking on Auto Resize Terminal causes the size of
DECterm to match the window size, if you resize the window.
Auto Resize Window
Normally, changing the size of DECterm (the number of rows and
columns) automatically changes the window size. You disable this
option by clicking on Auto Resize Window. When Auto Resize
Window is disabled, a change in the size of DECterm does not
result in a change in the window size. If DECterm is larger than
the window, information may be outside the window boundary;
this information is not displayed.

Using DECterm 6-3

Terminal Driver Resize
Normally, when you modify the terminal driver, the terminal size
also changes. Clicking on Terminal Driver Resize disables this
option.
Big Font
Normally, DECterm displays a 14-point font (10-point font on 100
dots-per-inch systems). Clicking on the Big Font option causes
DECterm to display an lS-point font.
Little Font
Normally, DECterm displays a 14-point font. Clicking on the Big
Font option causes DECterm to display a larger font.
Normal Font (80 Columns)
Clicking on the Normal Font (SO Columns) option causes the so
column font to be used, regardless of the number of columns. The
default option is Normal Font/SO, Condensedl132.
Condensed Font (132 Columns)
Clicking on the Condensed Font (132 Columns) option causes a
condensed font to be used, regardless of the number of columns
selected. The default font size is Normal/SO, Condensedl132.
NormaV8~ Condensed/132
The default font size is Normal/SO, Condensedl132. This option
causes the font size to adjust to match the terminal width. The
Normal Font is used when there are SO columns or less and the
condensed font is used when there are more than SO columns.

Window Title
Normally, the DECterm title appears in the title bar. You can
change what appears in the title bar by entering text in this field.
Icon Name
Normally, the DECterm name appears in the icon. You can change
what appears in the icon by entering text in this field.
Terminal Size
The default terminal size is 24 rows and SO columns. You can
change the terminal size by entering a number in the row or
column field. You can also set the column and row to be any
number from 1 to 132 by clicking on the text entry field, deleting
any existing numbers, and entering the new settings.

6-4 Using DECterm

Customizing a Display
Choose Display... from the Customize menu to modify display
features such as the type of cursor or scroll bars. DECterm
displays a dialog box.
I

II!Il

DECtenn: Display

o Record Lines Off Top

@ Dark Text, Light Background

D Vertical Scroll Bar

o Light Text, Dark Background

D Horizontal Scroll Bar

@ No Status Display

[j] Vertical Cursor Coupling

o Host Status Display

III Display Cursor

o Underline Cursor

o Horizontal Cursor Coupling
o Auto Wrap
[j] Cursor Blink

@ Block Cursor

Batch Scroll 1,00 Lines
Record 1 50~ Lines Off Top

iQiJI I Apply I Cancel I
1

From the Display dialog box, you can customize the following
features:
Record Lines Off Top
Normally, lines that are scrolled off the top of the DECterm
window are saved. To view these lines, use the vertical scroll bar.
Click on Record Lines Off Top to disable this option.
Vertical Scroll Bar
Normally, DECterm displays vertical scroll bars. Click on Vertical
Scroll Bar to disable this option.
Horizontal Scroll Bar
Normally, DECterm does not display horizontal scroll bars. Click
on Horizontal Scroll Bar to display a horizontal scroll bar at the
bottom of your DECterm window.
Vertical Cursor Coupling
Normally, when you change the vertical size of a window or
terminal, the cursor remains visible. For example, if the display
contains 24 rows and you shrink it to 5 rows, the cursor remains
visible; you can still enter text. Click on Vertical Cursor Coupling
to disable this option.
Horizontal Cursor Coupling
Normally, when you change the horizontal size of the window
or terminal (for example, from 132 columns to 80 columns), the
cursor is not visible. Click on Horizontal Cursor Coupling to
change this option.

Using DECterm 6-5

Auto Wrap
Normally, when the cursor reaches the right margin of the window
it stops. Subsequent characters you type will delete the existing
character. Clicking on Auto Wrap causes the cursor to move, start
a new line, and display new characters.
Display Cursor
Normally, DECterm displays a cursor. Click on Display Cursor to
disable the cursor.
Cursor Blink

Normally, the DECterm cursor is a blinking cursor. Click on
Cursor Blink to display a steady cursor.
Batch Scroll 0 Lines
Normally, you cannot scroll a specified number of lines. Entering
a number in place of zero (0) increases the number of lines you
can scroll to match the terminal size.
Record 500 Lines Off Top
Normally, you can save 500 lines that are scrolled off the top of
your DECterm window (when the Record Lines Off Top option is
enabled). Enter a number from 1 to 9999 to change the number of
lines to be saved.
Dark Text, Light Background
Normally, DECterm displays dark text and a light screen
background.
Light Text, Dark Background
Clicking on the Light Text, Dark Background option causes
DECterm to display dark text and a light screen background.
See the
DECterm Text
Programming
Manual
for further
information
about status
display.

No Status Display
Normally, you do not receive host status messages when you use
DECterm to log onto a host system. Host status messages, when
this option is enabled, appear on the bottom line of your terminal
window display.
Host Status Display
Click on Host Status Display to receive host status messages.
These messages appear on the bottom line of your terminal
display. This option is available only on VT300-series terminals.
Block Cursor
Normally, the cursor displayed in your DECterm window is
shaped like a block.

6-6 Using DECterm

Underline Cursor

The default cursor shape for DECterm is a block. Click on the
Underline Cursor option to get an underline cursor.

Customizing General Features
Choose General... from the Customize menu to change general
features such as the type of terminal and character set. DECterm
displays a dialog box.
~I

DECtenn: General

o Newline
o Lock UOKs
o Lock User Features

o Application Keypad

@ Normal Cursor Keys

o UPSS ISO Latin 1

o Appl Cursor Keys
TerminallD
@ OEcterm 10
VT340 ID
VT330 ID
VT320 ID
VT240 10
VT220 ID
VT125 ID
VT102 10
VT101 10
VT100 ID

@ Numeric Keypad

@ UPSS OEC Supplemental

@ 8-Bit Multinational Characters

o 7-Bit NRCS Characters

o VT300 Mode, 8-Bit Controls

o
o

o VT100 Mode

@ VT300 Mode, 7-Bit Controls

o VT52 Mode

o
o
o

1001 I Apply I I Cancel I

From the General dialog box, you can set the following features:
Newline

Normally, when DECterm receives a line feed (LF), form feed (FF),
or vertical tab (VT) character, the cursor moves to the first column
of the next line. When you press the Return key, DECterm sends
both a carriage return (CR) and line feed.
Click on Newline to disable this option. When disabled, if
DECterm receives an LF, FF, or VT character, the cursor moves to
the current column of the next line. When you press the Return
key, DECterm sends only a carriage return.
For detailed
information
about defining
keys, see the
DECterm Text
Programming
Manual.

Lock UDKs (User Defined Keys)

Your keyboard contains keys you can define for your own use.
Normally, the host system can change the function of the key you
have defined back to the default. Clicking on Lock UDKs sets
the user-defined keys so that the host system cannot change your
definitions.

Using DECterm 6-7

Lock User Features
DECterm lets you change the Auto Repeat option and the
Foreground and Background Display option. The host system
can override theses options unless you click on the Lock User
Features option.
Normal Cursor Keys
By default, the Normal Cursor Keys option is on. This causes the
arrow keys to move the cursor up, down, left, and right.
Appl Cursor Keys
By clicking on Application Cursor Keys, you can override the
Normal Cursor Keys default to set the arrow keys to applicationspecific functions.
TerminallD
You can let the host system know specific terminal operating
attributes by clicking on a Terminal ID option. The default is
DECterm ID.

You can choose the following terminal IDs:
DECterm ID

VT340 ID

VT330 ID

VT320 ID

VT240 ID

VT220 ID

VT125 ID

VT102 ID

VT101 ID

VT100 ID

Numeric Keypad
Normally, the Numeric Keypad option is set. This means that
pressing a numeric key displays the character that appear on that
key.
Application Keypad
Click on Application Keypad to cause user- or application-defined
characters to be displayed.
UPSS DEC Supplemental
Normally, DECterm uses the DEC Multinational Character Set.

The ASCII character set makes up the first half of the DEC
Multinational Character Set. Figure 6-1 illustrates the ASCII
character set (characters with decimal values 0 through 127).
The first column identifies the character as you would enter it on
a VT300-, VT200-, or VT100-series terminal or as you would see it
on a printer (except for the nonprintable characters). The second
half of each column identifies the character by the binary value
of the byte; the value is stated in three radixes: octal, decimal,
and hexadecimal. For example, the letter A has a storage value

6-8 Using DECterm

of hexadecimal 41 (a bit configuration of 01000001), equivalent to
101 in octal notation and 65 in decimal notation.
Figure 6-1
Column
b8
Bits
b7
b6

Row

DEC Multinational Character Set, Part I
0
0
0

0
0

0
1

1
0

0
1

0
0

0
1

1
1

0
0

20
16
10
21
17
11
22
18
12
23
19
13
24
20
14
25
21
15
26
22
16
27
23
17
30
24
18
31
25
19
32
26
1A
33
27
18
34
28
1C
35
29
1D
36
30
1E
37
31
1F

40
32
20
41
33
21
42
34
22
43
36
23
44
36
24

60
48
30
61
49
31
62
50
32
63
51
33
64
52
34
65
53
35
66
54
36
67
55
37
70
56
38
71
57
39
72
58
3A
73
59
38
74
60
3C
75
61
3D
76
62
3E
77
63
3F

100

120
80
50
121
81
51
122
82
52
123
83
53
124
84
54
125
85
56
126
86
56
127
87
57
130
88
58
131
89
59
132
90
5A
133
91
58
134
92
5C
135
93
5D
136
94
5E
137

140
96
60
141
97
61
142
98
62
143
99
63
144
100
64
145
101
65
146
102
66
147
103
67
150
104

160
112
70
161
113
71
162
114
72
163
115
73
164
116
74
165
117
75
166
118
76
167
119
77
170
120
78
171
121
79
172
122
7A
173
123
78
174
124
7C
175
125
7D
176
126
7E
177
127
7F

b4b3 b2 b1

o0 0 0

NUL

o0 0 1

SOH

o0 10

STX

o0 1 1

ETX

o 1 o0

EOT

o1 o1

ENQ

o1 1 0

ACK

o1 1 1

BEL

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

o1 1

1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 11 1

G
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
10
8
8
11
9
9
12
10
A
13
11
8
14
12
C
15
13
D
16
14
E

17
15
F

DLE
DC1
DC2

DC3
DC4

NAK

SYN
ETB

CAN
EM
SUB
ESC

FS
GS
RS
US

SP
I

"
#
$
%
&

(
)

*
+

45
37
25
46
38
26
47
39
27
50
40
28
51
41
29
52
42
2A
53
43
28
54
44
2C
56
45
2D
56
46
2E
57

0
1

2
3
4

5
6
7

8
9

:
;
<

=
>

A
B

64
40
101

65
41
102
66
42
103
67
43
104

P
Q
R
S

44
105
69

F
G
H
I

J
K

L
M

N
0

45
106
70
46
107
71
47
110
72
48
111
73
49
112
74
4A
113
75
48
114
76
4C
115
77
4D
116
78
4E
117
79
4F

V
W

Y
Z
[
\

]
1\

a
b
C

e
f
9
h

P
q
r
s
t
U

V
W

i
j

m
n
0

151
105
69
152
106
6A
153
107
68
154
108
6C
156
109
6D
156
110
6E
157
111
6F

Y
Z

{

I
}

DEL

~ CO Codes -~.""I.t---------(As~~i~r~~~iC) ----------91.1

Key

1 I

33
Character
ESC 27 Octal
Decimal
L------1...!.l18oW Hex

ZK-0347A-GE

Figure 6-2 illustrates the second half of the DEC Multinational
Character Set (characters with decimal values 128 through 255).
The first half of each of the numbered columns identifies the
character as you would see it on a VT300- or VT200-series
terminal or printer (these characters cannot be output on a
VT100-series terminal).

Using DECterm 6-9

Figure 6-2
8

DEC Multinational Character Set, Part II
10

1
0

0
0

~~~ DCS ~~

~~~

~~~ PU1

~~~ PU2 ~~~

STS

82
203
131
83

~~~

CCH

NEL ~~

MIt!

84
85

92
223
147
93
224
148
94

AO
241
161
A1
242
162
A2
243
163

~~~

~~~ N

BO
261

~~~ A

~~~ 0

B2
263
179
B3
264
180
B4

C2
303
195
C3

b5
b4b3 b2 b1

Row

~~~

o 0 0 0

~g~ it

~~~

o 0 0 1

~~~

~~~ 0

o 0 1 0

E2
343
227
E3

o 0 11

o 1 o 0

o 1 o 1

~~
E4

i'i

FO
361
241
F1
362
242
F2
363
242
F3
364
244
F4

~~~ A

~~~ 0

~~~ it

~~~

()

Bits
b6

D2
323
211
D3
324
212
D4

~~~ 0

b7
1

~~~ A

1n A

1
1

Column

1
1

m¥

1
0

14
1

1
1

1
0

1
1

INO

1
0

~~~ 11

m IE

~~~ 6

~~~ ae
D6

~~~

o 1 1 0

~~g

ESA ~g~ EPA ~5~ §
97

~~~

~~~ CE

~~~ c;
D7

~~i ce

~~~

o 1 1 1

~~~

HTS ~~~

~~~

~~~ E

~6g 0

~~~

~~~ E

~~~ U

~~~ e

E8
3:.1
233
E9

1 0 0 0

33U
216
D8

~~~

1 0 0 1

g6~

~~~

~~~ U

~~~

1 0 1 0

~~~ e

~~~

1 0 1 1

~~~

1 1 0 0

(

~~~ y

1 1 0 1

~~~

1 1 1 0

~~~ r

~~~

1111

SSA ~~~ SPA ~~g
86

HTS ~~~
89

VTS

PLO
PLU

~~~

8A
213
139
88
214
140
8C

~~~

CSI

m osc ~~~

SS2

SS3

APe

A7
A8

~~~

1JI

m V2

90
236
158
9E

~~~
AE

~~~

~~~
BA

B8
B9

9A
233
155
98
234
156
9C

8D
216
142
8E

~~~ E

BB
274
188
BC

~~~ i

CA
313
203
CB
314
204
CC

0
0

~6~ 'Y

mi
BE

CD
316
206
CE

~~i I

~~~

DB
334
220
DC

~~~

DD
336
222
DE
DF

EE
EF

FD
FE

I....

j.--C1 codes--... - - - - - - ( D E C su~~~ri;IGraPhic)-------.j'1
ZK-0348A-GE

UPSS ISO Latin 1
You can override the DEC Multinational Character Set by clicking
on the UPSS ISO Latin 1 option. This causes the International
Standards Organization (ISO) Latin 1 Character Set to be used.
Figure 6-3 illustrates the ISO Latin 1 Supplemental Character
Set.

6-10

Using DECterm

ISO Latin 1 Supplemental Character Set

Figure 6-3
8
1
0

NEL
SSA
ESA
HTS
HTS
VTS
OLP
PLU
RI
SS2

~~g DCS

~~ NBSP ~~g .

80
201
129
81
202
130
82
203
131
83
210
132
84
205
133
85
206
134
86
207
135
87
210
136
88
211
137
89
212
138
BA
213
139
8B
214
140
8C
215
141
80
216
142
8E
217
143
8F

PU1
PU2
STS
CCH
MN

SPA
EPA

CSI
ST
OSC

90
221
145
91
222
146
92
223
147
93
224
148
94
225
149
95
226
150
96
227
151
97
230
152
9J
231
153
99
232
154
9A
233
155
98
234
156
9C
235
157
90
236
158
9E
237
159
9F

1
1

i
¢

AO
241
161
A1
242
162

±
2

£
J:I

,,
§

243
163
A3
244
164
A4
245
165

AS
246
166
A6
247
167
A7
250
168

•
«

..
®

251
169
A9
252
170

1.1

,
2

AA
253
171
AB
254
172
AC
255
173
AD
256
174
AE
257
175
AF

1A
%

~~~ A

~~~

BO
261
177
B1
262
178
B2
263
179
B3
264
180
B4
265
181
B5
266
182
B6
267
183
B7
270
184
B8
271
185
B9
272
186
BA
273
187
BB
274
188
BC
275
189
BO
276
190
BE
277
191
BF

A
A
A

A
A
IE

C
E

E
~

i
f

CO
301
193
C1
302
194
C2
303
195
C3
304
196
C4
305
197
C5
306
198
C6
307
199
C7
310
200
C8
311
201
C9
312
302
CA
313
203
CB
314
204
CC
315
205
CD
316
206
CE

tit

0
6

6
6
6
x

U
U

0
0

V
I>

~~~

DO
321
209
01
322
210
02
323
211
03
324
212
04
325
213
05
326
214
06
327
215
07
330
216
08
331
217
09
332
218
OA
333
219
DB
334
220
DC
335
221
OD
336
222
DE
337
223
OF

a
a

a
II
IB

e
~

~~~

EO
341
225
E1
342
226
E2
343
227
E3
344
228
E4
345
229
E5
346
230
E6
347
231
E7
350
232
E8
351
233
E9
352
234

I
f

b7
1

353
235
EB
354
236
EC
355
237
ED
356
238
EE
357
239
EF

0
6
0

0
0

+
9

U
Q
(j

Y
I>

Bits
b6

b5
b4 b3b2 b1

Row

~~g o 0 0 0

o0 0 1

o0 10

o0 1 1

o1 o0

o1 o1

o1 1 0

o1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 0

III

Column
b8

1
1

15
1

1
0

14
1

1
0

INO

FO
361
241
F1
362
242
F2
363
243
F3
364
244
F4
365
245
F5
366
246
F6
367
247
F7
370
248
F8
371
249
F9
372
250
FA
373
251

FB
374
252
FC
375
253
FD
376
254
FE
377
255
FF

1 1

"j
r
1 1 1 1
m
B
i.
9
CF
I--- C1 Codes ---1,,,..14r-------,SO Latin-1 ~~~I~r::ntal Graphic -------.1,1

SS3

M1C

ZK-0329A-GE

Note To use these character sets you must set the Character Set mode

option to 8-Bit Characters.
8-Bit Multinational Characters

Normally, the character mode is set to 8 bits for use with the DEC
Supplemental or ISO Latin 1 Supplemental Character Set.
7-Bit NRCS Characters

To use National Replacement Character Sets, click on the
7-Bit NRCS Character Mode option. This option lets DECterm
operate in 7-bit mode, using the national character set selected in
the 7-Bit NRCS dialog box. The default is the 8-bit Multinational
Character Set. Figure 6-4 shows the characters in each NRC set
that differ from the ASCII set.

Using DECterm 6-11

Figure 6-4

National Replacement Character Sets

National Replacement Character Sets
Character
Set

213

4/0

ASCII

United
Kingdom

,
,

Dutch

Finnish

French

French
Canadian

German

5/11

Y
A

5/12

5/13

5/14

5/15

7/11

7/12

7/13

f
0

e
e

u
u

e
e

,
u

e
A

6/0

e
,

Italian

Norwegian!
Danish

RE.

f(}

Portuguese

Swedish

N
0

Spanish

Swiss

7/14

0
Ii

Q
ZK-1327A-GE

VT300 Mode, 8-Bit Controls
Normally, DECterm emulates a VT300-series terminal, using 7-bit
control characters (codes 0-31). You can change this to VT300
Mode with 8-bit control characters by clicking on the VT300
Mode, 8-Bit Controls option. This causes DECterm to translate
8-bit control characters (codes 128 to 159) for function keys.
For example, CSIA for the up arrow key. Not all applications
understand 8-bit control characters.
VT300 Mode, 7-Bit Controls
Normally, DECterm operates in VT300 mode with 7-bit control
characters. This means that function keys are transmitted in 7-bit
form. For example, ESC OA for the up arrow key.
VT100 Mode
Click on VT100 Mode to cause DECterm to emulate a VT100
terminal. DECterm operates in 7-bit mode and VT300 terminal
features are in operation.
VT52 Mode
Click on VT52 Mode to override the VT300 Mode and cause
DECterm to emulate a VT52 terminal.

6-12

Using DECterm

Customizing a Keyboard
Choose Keyboard... from the Customize menu to set keyboard
features. DECterm displays a dialog box.
I

II!il

DECterm: Keylloarrl

[j] Warning Bell

@ Comma Key Sends"

o Comma Key Sends ,<

D Margin Bell
II Auto Repeat
II ctrl-Q, ctrl-S = Hold

@ Tilde Key Sends '-

o Tilde Key Sends ESC
@ Angle Brackets Key Sends <>

@ <X] Delete

o Angle Brackets Key Sends '-

o <X] Backspace

ILJiiCJI I Apply II Cancel I
From the Keyboard dialog box, you can set the following keyboard
features:
Warning Bell
Normally, the keyboard warning bell rings when errors occur.
Click on Warning Bell to disable this option.
Margin Bell
Normally, the margin bell does not ring when the cursor reaches
the right margin. You can cause it to ring by clicking on Margin
Bell.
Auto Repeat

Normally, continuing to press a key causes the character to be
displayed repeatedly. Clicking on the Auto Repeat option causes
only one character to be displayed.
ctrl-Q, ctrl-S = Hold

Normally, pressing CtrllS causes the display to stop scrolling and
pressing CtrllQ causes the display to resume scrolling. Click on
Ctrl-Q, Ctrl-S = Hold) to disable this option.
-Q] Delete

Normally, the <XI Delete key functions as a delete key, deleting
the character to the left of the cursor.
-Q] Backspace

You can override the <XI Delete default by clicking on <XI
Backspace option. This causes the <XI key to function as a
nondestructive backspace key.

Using DECterm 6-13

Comma Key Sends"

On the North American and Dutch keyboards, the Comma Key
Sends " option is set. This causes a comma ( ,) to be displayed
when you press the comma key, whether or not the key is shifted.
Comma Key Sends ,<
On the North American and Dutch keyboards, you can override
the Comma Key Sends" default by clicking on the Comma Key
Sends ,< option. This causes a comma ( , ) to be displayed when
you press the comma key shifted, and a left angle bracket ( <) to
be displayed when you press the comma key unshifted.
Tilde Key Sends ,-

On the North American and Dutch keyboards, the Tilde Key
Sends '- option is set. This causes the '- key to display a left
single quotation mark (') when unshifted and a tilde (- ) when
shifted.
Tilde Key Sends ESC

On the North American and Dutch keyboards, you can override
the Tilde Key Sends '- default by clicking on the Tilde Key Sends
ESC option. This causes the '- key to function as an escape (ESC)
key.
Angle Brackets Key Sends <>

On the North American and Dutch keyboards, the Angle Brackets
Key Sends <> option is set. This causes the angle bracket key to
display a left angle bracket ( < ) when unshifted and a right angle
bracket (> ) when shifted.
Angle Brackets Key Sends ,-

On the North American and Dutch keyboards, you can override
the Angle Bracket Key Sends <> default by clicking on the Angle
Brackets Key Sends '- option. This causes the <> key to display
a left single quotation mark ' when unshifted and a tilde - when
shifted.

Choosing a National Replacement Character Set
Choose 7-Bit NRCS Selection... from the Customize menu to
choose a National Replacement Character Set (NRCS) that
corresponds to your keyboard. DECterm displays a dialog box.
The NRCS selection is used only with the 7-Bit NRCS Character
option in the Customize General menu. Normally, to use a 7bit national character set you need to choose the corresponding
keyboard in the Session Manager and also select the 7-bit NRCS
in DECterm.

6-14

Using DECterm

DECtenn: 7-Eit NRCS Selection

II!iI

North American

Flemish
Canadian (French)
British
Danish
Finnish
Austrian/German

Apply

Dutch
Italian

Cancel

Swiss (French)

You can select the following character sets and corresponding
keyboards (see Appendix B for the keyboard illustrations):
North American

Italian

Flemish

Swiss (French)

Canadian (French)

Swiss (German)

British

Swedish

Danish

Norwegian

Finnish

BelgianlFrench

Austrian/German

Spanish

Dutch

Portuguese

lSelecting the Dutch NRCS is the same as selecting the North American NRCS.
The Dutch NRCS is not supported.

Customizing Graphics
Choose Graphics ... from the Customize menu to modify DECterm
graphics features such as color map entries. DECterm displays a
dialog box.
I

DECtenn: Graphics

o
o

Share Color Map Entries
!j] Enable Backing Store
Report Macrograph Contents

[!Ill
~ Bit planes

IOWI I Apply I I Cancel

Using DECterm 6-15

From the Graphics dialog box, you can customize the following
graphics features:
Share Color Map Entries

Normally, this option is enabled on single-plane and true color
systems and disabled on GPX systems. Clicking on this option
prevents DECterm from allocating color map entries for its
exclusive use. Instead, DECterm allocates shared, read-only
colors out of the default color map. This means that DECterm
does not need to create a private color map which would prevent
the windows from displaying in their true colors, but it also means
that DECterm colors may not match the colors used on a real
terminal.
Enable Backing Store

Normally, the Enable Backing Store option is on, causing
DECterm to redraw graphics after the window has changed.
Disabling this option improves performance.
See the DECterm
Graphics
Programming
Manual for
detailed
information
on macrographs.

Report Macrograph Contents

Normally, DECterm does not respond to a request by an
application to report macrograph contents. Clicking on this
option enables ReGIS commands to report macrograph contents.
This feature may risk security in some environments. When
reporting is complete, disable this feature.
2-Bit Planes

You can choose the number of colors available in ReGIS and sixel
graphics by entering the number of planes supported by your
system. With 2-bit planes DECterm can display four different
colors at the same time; and with 4-bit planes DECterm can
display 16 colors.
Normally, DECterm uses 2-bit planes on 4-plane systems and
4-bit planes on all other systems. This reduces the probability
that DECterm must create a private color map.
Applications written for the VT240 terminal require only 2-bit
planes, while applications written for the VT340 may require up
to 4-bit planes.

6-16 Using DECterm

Saving and Restoring Customized Features
When you modify DECterm settings, you can save your changes.
If you save your changes, DECterm uses these settings each time
you create a DECterm window. If you change your mind and want
to use the settings that came with your system, you can restore
the defaults.
To save customized settings:
•

Choose Save Current Settings from the Customize menu for
routine saving of customized features.

• Choose Save Current Settings As ... from the Customize menu
when you want to save the current customized features with a
new or different file name. DECterm displays a dialog box.
DEcterm: Save Current Settings ,\s

II!il

File Filter
!/usrlstaff/Pooter/hume/*.OEc4erm
Select Name For Configuration File:/usrlstaff/pooter/humel

61 Filter I

niLiiJI
U! Cancel

¢DC>D
Selection
!/usrlstaff/pooter/hume/default.OE

Use Last Saved Settings from the Customize menu to restore
an existing file.

•

Use System Defaults from the Customize menu to restore the
system defaults.

Using DECterm 6-17

•

Use Saved Settings From... from the Customize menu to
restore previously saved settings. DECterm displays a dialog
box.

DEcterlll: Use Saved Settings From

File Filter
I/usrlstaff/pooter/hume/*.DEc4e rm
Select Configuration File:/usrlstaff/pooter/humel
6

I Filter I

~I[K]
I
I
Cancel

<:ICH> 0
Selection

I/usrlstaff/Pooter/hume~efault.DE

The dialog box prompts you for the name of the file you want
to use to save your customized features. The file list box
displays the names of any files in the current directory that
contain customized features. By default, these files have the
extension .DECterm. Double click on the file name of the file
you want to use.
Or, use the File filter text field to list a subset of files you can
then select from. For example, to display all files in another
directory with the file type DECterm, type the full directory
path -/jones/customize/*.DECterm- in the File filter text field
and click on the Filter button. Then double click on the file
name of the file you want to use.

Copying Information
Choose the Edit menu to copy information within or between
terminal windows.
To copy information:
Copy
Paste

Select the information you want to copy by pressing and
holding MBl, dragging the pointer over the information, and
releasing MBl. Or, choose the Select All menu item from the
Edit menu to copy the entire display.
The selected area is highlighted.

Select All

6-18

Using DECterm

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to store the
copied information.

Click on the area where you want to place the information.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

The selected information is copied to the new location.

Clearing and Resizing Terminal Windows
Clear Lines Off Top
Clear DisplaY
Resize Window
Clear Communications
Reset Terminal
Quit

From the Commands menu, you can clear or resize the terminal
window.
Clear Lines Off Top
You can erase information stored in the transcript by choosing
the Clear Lines Off Top menu item. The transcript is an area
of memory that contains the last saved lines of your screen
display (use the Customize Display menu to change the size of
the transcript). You can read it by using the scroll bars. The
transcript exists as long as the Record Lines Off Top option in the
Window dialog box is in effect. Normally, Record Lines Off Top is
on.
Clear Display
You can clear all information displayed in a terminal window by
choosing the Clear Display menu item.
Resize Window
Choose the Resize Window menu item to resize the window to
match the size (number of rows and columns) of DECterm.
Clear Communications
Choose the Clear Communications menu item to reset the
communications buffers. This causes DECterm to read data to the
host system even when DECterm has received an XOFF signal.

fi'or detailed
:nformation
'tbout Soft
ferminal
fleset, see the
'JECterm Text
r:Jrogramming
'v.lanual.

Reset Terminal
Clicking on Reset Terminal causes a Soft Terminal Reset (STR).

Choosing Reset Terminal also restores the default color map. On
a 4-plane system such as the VS2000/GPX, displaying ReGIS
or sixel graphics causes DECterm to create and load its own
hardware color map, so that other windows do not display in their
true colors when the DECterm window has input focus.
To restore the default hardware color map, first erase the graphics
from the window by choosing the Clear Display menu item from
the Commands menu, and then reset the terminal with the Reset
Terminal menu item.

Using DECterm 6-19

Normally DECterm emulates only 2 planes of graphics on a
4-plane system; therefore, DECterm usually does not create a
color map.

Composing Characters
For more
information
about composing
characters, see
AppendixA.

Use compose sequences to create special characters. A compose
sequence is a series of keystrokes that creates characters that do
not exist as standard keys on your keyboard. For example, you
can create the cents ¢ symbol, or the Japanese yen Y symbol by
entering a compose sequence.
You can create any character from the character set DECterm is
currently using.

Exiting from DECterm
Clear Lines off Top
Clear Display
Resize Window
Clear Communications
Reset Terminal

....................................

II Quit

6-20 Using DECterm

Choose Quit from the Commands menu or enter the logout
command to exit from DECterm and close the DECterm window.

7
Using Mail

Mail allows you to exchange messages with other computer users.
You can use Mail to send messages, read messages sent to you,
and print, file, delete, reply to, and forward messages.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start Mail

•

Send messages

• Read messages
• Reply to messages
•

Forward messages

•

Print messages

• Create files from messages
• Work with folders
•

Customize your Mail environment

•

Exit from Mail

Starting Mail
To start Mail, cll;ooseMail from the Session Manager Applications
Menu or enter the following command in a DECterm window:
% dxmail &

Mail displays its main window.

Using Mail

7-1

Folder
Area

Message
Area

PUSh~

Buttons

The main Mail window uses two areas to display your mail folders
and messages. The top area lists your folders; the bottom area
lists the messages in the opened folder.
Folders help you organize your mail messages. You can create as
many folders as you need. When you enter Mail for the first time,
three folders (inbox, drafts, and wastebasket) appear in the folder
area. The inbox folder contains messages that have been sent to
you. The drafts folder contains drafts of messages you create, and
the wastebasket folder contains messages that you have deleted.
You might file all messages on a related topic in one folder.
The names of your folders are always displayed, regardless of
the number of messages in the open folder. Double clicking
MB 1 on a folder name opens the folder and displays a list of the
messages. Only one folder can be opened at one time. To view
lists of messages in multiple folders simultaneously, choose the
Open folder in new menu item from the File menu.
Folders can be opened to reveal their contents and closed to
conceal their contents. To open a folder, double click MBI on
the folder name. To close a folder, double click MBI on name of
another folder.

7-2 Using Mail

The inbox is also automatically opened when you enter Mail.
If there are any messages in the inbox, they are listed in the
Message index. Messages are chronologically arranged by date
received. To display messages in a different folder, open that
folder.
Near the bottom of the window is a row of push buttons. These
buttons allow you to execute the tasks you most commonly
perform with messages. Many of the push buttons are disabled
when you first start Mail and remain so until you select a specific
message.
Pressing MB2 over a folder or an open message in a Mail window
displays a pop-up menu. Pop-up menus contain many commonly
performed tasks. The items on a pop-up menu vary according to
the type of object (folder or message) on which you are positioned
and act on the object on which you are positioned.
Pop-up menu items and push buttons duplicate pull-down menu
items. Where you can choose among a push button, pop-up menu,
or pull-down menu to execute a task, instructions in this chapter
list one way to accomplish the task. Depending on your working
style, you may prefer to use one of the other methods when you
are familiar with Mail.

Sending Messages
With Mail, you can create and send a mail message or an existing
file to one user or many users.

Sending a Message
To send a mail message to any user on your system or another
system, click on the Create-Send button in the main window. A
Create-Send window opens. You can have multiple Create-Send
windows opened at one time.

USing Mail

7-3

~
___~_la_il:_C_t"_ea_te_______________________________ I~~

File
To:

Edit

cc:
Subject:

--------

Cose

II Reset Ir Save 1r 3mul 1

The Create-Send window is divided into an envelope area and a
message area. The envelope area contains the items shown in the
following table.

Use the builtin editing
commands,
described in the
DECwindows
User's Guide, to
enter text and
correct mistakes.

7-4 Using Mail

Field

Description

To:

In this field, you specify the person or persons to whom
you want to send the message. You can enter a user
name, with optional node name. Separate names with
commas.

cc:

In this field, if desired, you specify users to receive copies
of the message.

Subject:

The subject of the message (optional).

To enter text in a field, point to the field and click MBl. Enter
your message text in the message area.
To send the message, click on the Send button. When the message
is sent, the Send button is dimmed until you begin composing
another message.
To close the window, click on the Quit button. This deletes all text
in the window and closes the window.

To clear the window without closing it, click on the Reset button.
The text in the Create-Send window is erased and the window can
be used to send another message.

Saving a Draft of a Message
Selecting Save allows you to save a draft of the message in the
drafts folder. Click on the Save button to save a draft. The Save
button dims to indicate the draft is now saved in the drafts folder.
You can still send or cancel the message after it has been saved.

Resuming Work on a Draft Message
You can continue working on a draft of a message that you
previously saved.
To resume work on a draft message:
1

Select a message from the main window.

Choose Use as comp from the main Mail window's File menu.
When you choose the Use as comp menu item, Mail displays a
Create-Send window that contains the contents of the selected
message.

Including a File in a Message
You can insert an existing file into a mail message.
To include a file in a message:
Choose Include File... from the Create-Send window's File
menu. Mail displays a dialog box.

Choose file to insel1

File Filter

I~
Files in /usr/staff/almostlhume/
/usr/staff/almost/hume/229JNL
/usr/staff/almost/hume/92dJNL
/usr/staff/almost/hume/Mail

01 Filter I

1001
I Cancel I

/usr/staff/almost/hume/bin
/usr/staff/almost/hume/c3JNL
/usr/staff/almost/hume/personal

....
Q

I C> 0

Selection

I
Using Mail

7-5

The dialog box prompts you for the name of the file you want
to include. The file list box lists the names of all files in the
current directory.
2

Double click on the name of the file you want to include.
The contents of the file are displayed in the Create-Send
window. You can edit the file if desired.
You can also use the File Filter text entry field to list a subset
of files that you can then select from. For example, to list all
files in another directory with the file extension.TXT, type
the full directory path, /jones/messages/*.TXT, in the File filter
text entry field and click on the Filter button. Then, double
click on the file name of the file you want to include.

Click on the Send button to send the message.

Selecting Messages
Message commands act on messages displayed in the Message
area. To indicate that a message is to be acted on, you first need
to select it.
To select a single message, click the MB 1 on either the message or
the envelope icon beside the message.
To select a range of messages from the Message area, you can
follow one of two procedures. The first procedure is to press MB 1
on the first message to be selected, drag the mouse to the last
message to be selected, and release MB 1. The second procedure
is to select the first message, and then place the mouse pointer
on the last message to be selected, and press the SHIFT key and
MB1.
To add a message to the current selection, first place the mouse
pointer on the envelope icon of the message to be included in the
selection, press and hold the SHIFT key, and click MBl.
To select all messages in the open folder, choose Select all from
the Edit menu in the main window.
To cancel the selection of one object, select another object by
clicking MB1, or position to the selected object, press and hold the
Shift key, and click MB 1.

7-6 Using Mail

Reading Messages
You can use Mail to read an old or new mail message. New
messages are added to the inbox folder; messages that have been
read are held in the inbox folder until you move them elsewhere.

Reading a New Message
To read a new message, click on the Read New Mail button. This
adds new messages to the inbox folder, opens the inbox folder, and
displays the first message received since the inbox folder was last
opened. The message is displayed in a Read window.
File

Edit

Sequences

Create-Send

Read

The message area displays the mail message. Use the scroll bar
to display any text that does not fit in this area.
The small black square on the area dividing line is called an
adjustment knob. U sing this knob, you can adjust the relative
size of the areas. Making one area smaller makes the other area
larger. This allows you to view more text in either area without
resizing the window. To use the area adjustment knob, move to
the knob, press MBl, drag the area dividing line to the desired
location, and release MB l.
If you receive a message whose contents are not text (such as
a file containing spreadsheet data), the file cannot be viewed in
Mail. Mail displays a message informing you of the problem.
You can print, forward, extract, or reply to the message. See the
appropriate sections of this chapter for information on printing,
forwarding, extracting, and replying to messages.

Using Mail

7-7

To continue to read new messages, click on the Next or Previous
button to read the next or previous message in the folder.
If you receive new mail while reading messages in the inbox,
choose Read New Mail on the pop-up menu in the Read window's
message area. This displays the first message received since the
inbox folder was last opened.
To close a Read window, click on the Close button.

Displaying a List of New Messages
You can add new messages to your inbox folder and update the
list of new messages without reading a message. To update the
inbox, click on the Deliver Mail button in the main window. Mail
cannot be delivered if the inbox is open in a Read window or if you
are replying to a message in the inbox.

Reading an Old Message
To read an old message (one that has already been read), point
to the envelope symbol beside the appropriate message in the
Message area and double click MB l.
To read a series of old messages:
Select the messages to be read by holding down the Shift key
and clicking on the desired messages.
2

Move to one of the selected messages, press MB2, and choose
Read in Default from the pop-up menu.

In the Read window, choose Next Selected or Previous Selected
from the Read menu to display the next or previous selected
message.

Multiple Read Windows
You can open more than one Read window at one time. This
allows you to read multiple messages at once, or to read new mail
without disrupting the message you are currently reading.
The first Read window you display is your default Read window,
identified by the number 1 in the window's title bar. Additional
Read windows are identified by the number in their title bar, for
example, Read-2, Read-3, and so on.
The default Read window is used to display messages unless you
specify another window. For example, clicking on the Read New
Mail button or double clicking on a message envelope icon in
the main window will display the message in your default Read
window.

7-8 Using Mail

To read new mail in another Read window, choose New Mail In
New from the main window's Read menu. A new Read window is
opened, and the first message received since inbox was last opened
is displayed.
To read an old message in another Read window, select the
message and choose the In New menu item from the main
window's Read menu.
If you have already opened multiple Read windows, you can
specify the window in which to read the selected message by
pulling down the main window's Read menu, dragging the pointer
to the submenu icon next to the In Window menu item, and
releasing MB lover one of the listed Read windows.
To use a different window as the default Read window, choose
Make Default Window from the Read window's File menu. The
number one will be displayed in the window's title bar, and will be
removed from the previous default window's title bar.
~eplying to Messages

To reply to the first selected or currently displayed message in a
Read window, click on the Reply button.
Replying to a message opens a Create-Send window. In the To:
field, Mail inserts the name of the sender of the original message.
In the Subject: field, Mail inserts the subject of the original
message preceded by RE:.
Enter text and make any desired edits.
To send the reply, click on the Send button. To close the CreateSend window, click on the Close button.

orwarding Messages
To forward to another user the selected or currently displayed

message in a Read window:
Click on the Forward button.
Mail opens a Create-Send window and inserts the forwarded
message in the message area. The header (the address
information) is included in the forwarded message in most
cases. Headers are not included in messages created with
editors that do not produce ASCII files, such as files created
with DECwindows Paint.
2

Enter the address and subject information and make any
desired changes to the text.

Using Mail

7-9

Click on the Send button to send the message.

Click on the Close button to close the window.

Printing Messages
You can print selected messages or the message currently
displayed in a Read window. Messages can be printed using your
default print settings, or you can modify the print settings for the
messages being printed.
To print the selected or currently displayed message using your
default print settings, click on the Print button in the main or
Read window.

Creating a File from a Mail Message
You can create files from mail messages. You can select existing
messages to be copied to a file, or you can create a file from a
message you are reading or creating.
To create a file from the selected or currently displayed message:
Choose Extract... from the File menu in the main, CreateSend, or Read window.
2

Enter the name of the file to be created. If you want to append
the message to an existing file, enter the name of that file.

Click on the OK button to create the file.

Deleting and Retrieving Messages
You can delete mail messages and retrieve deleted messages.
To delete selected messages or the message currently displayed in
the Read window, click on the Delete button in the main or Read
window.
The index is updated to show which messages have been marked
for deletion. Messages are not actually deleted until the folder is
closed. You can still perform many Mail functions on messages
that are marked for deletion, such as moving, copying, and
printing. When the folder is closed, the messages are deleted and
reference to them is removed.
Once the folder is closed, deleted messages are moved to the
wastebasket folder.

7-10 Using Mail

Deleted messages collect in the wastebasket folder until you
empty it by choosing the Empty wastebasket menu item from
the main window's Maintenance menu. Once the wastebasket is
emptied, the deleted messages are irretrievable.
To reverse the delete operation in the main window, before the
folder is closed select the messages to be retrieved, pull down the
Edit menu, and choose the Undo move/delete menu item.
To undo the delete operation in a Read window, choose Undo
MovelDelete menu item from the Edit menu.
To update the index of messages to reflect that the messages have
been moved to the wastebasket folder, either select the Commit
Changes menu item from the Maintenance menu in the main
window or reopen the folder that contains the deleted message.
If the message has already been moved to the wastebasket, you
can retrieve the message by moving it to another folder. For more
information about moving messages between folders, see Moving
and Copying Messages to Another Folder.

Norking with Folders
You can create and delete folders, move and copy messages
between folders, and renumber and sort messages within folders.
These options are described in the following sections.

Creating New Folders
To create a new folder, choose Create folder... from the

Maintenance menu in the main window.
Mail displays a dialog box in which you enter the name of
the new folder to be created. Folder names are limited to 39
characters and can contain letters, numbers, spaces, periods,
dashes, underscores, and dollar signs.

Deleting Folders
To delete folders, select the folder to be deleted, and then choose

Delete folder... from the Maintenance menu. If the folder is not
empty, Mail displays a dialog box in which you confirm whether to
delete the folder or cancel the delete request.
If you attempt to delete the inbox folder, all messages in the inbox
are deleted but the folder is not deleted.

When a folder is deleted, any messages that existed in the folder
are placed in the wastebasket folder and can be retrieved until the
wastebasket folder is emptied.

Using Mail

7-11

Moving and Copying Messages to Another Folder
You can move or copy a message or group of messages from one
folder to a different folder. Moving messages to another folder
removes them from the original folder. Copying messages to
another folder does not remove them from the original folder.
You can move and copy messages from either the main or Read
windows.
To move selected messages or the message currently displayed in
the Read window:
Select or display the message to be moved or copied.
2

Select the folder you are moving or copying the message to.

Click on the Move or Copy button in either the main or Read
window.
When you click on the Move or Copy button, Mail marks the
message appropriately.
Messages are not actually moved or copied until the folder is
closed. You can still perform many Mail functions on messages
which are marked for moving or copying, such as deleting, and
printing. When the folder is closed, the messages are moved
or copied.

To undo the move or copy operation in the main window, select the
messages to be retrieved and choose Undo MovelDelete from the
main window's Edit menu.
To undo the move operation in a Read window, select the Undo
MovelDelete menu item from the Read window's Edit menu. You
cannot undo the copy operation.

Renumbering and Sorting Messages
To renumber your messages in the open folder so they start from
one and increment by one, choose Renumber Messages from the
Maintenance menu in the main window.
To sort the messages in the open folder in increasing order by
date, choose the Sort by Date menu item from the Maintenance
menu in the main window.
To cause Mail to check and make sure its information about the
folder is correct, choose Rescan Folder from the Maintenance
menu in the main window.

7-12 Using Mail

Picking Messages
Picking messages allows you to create a subset of the messages
in a folder based on their having some criterion in common.
This subset is called a message sequence. You can then perform
functions, such as copying, moving, extracting, or reading, on the
subset of picked messages. In addition, you can open and delete
a specified message sequence by selecting the appropriate menu
item from the Pick menu.
To pick messages, first open or select the folder containing the

messages and choose Pick from open folder... or Pick from selected
folder... from the Edit menu in the main window. Mail displays a
dialog box.
~ pick

o Skip
o Skip
o Skip
o Skip
o Skip
o Skip
o Skip

From:

<:....11_ _ _ _ _

To:

I:.-II_ _ _ _

Cc:

I:.-II_ _ _ _

Date:
Subject:

1l11l5ll

~----EJ
~----EJ

Search:

l C . -_ _ _ _

1:-11_ _ _ _ _

& : -_ _ _ _

I -Or- I
pick from folder:

EJ
EJ
EJ

in_bo_x_ _ __

EJ
EJ

1-1

Create sequence: lL-te....;.mFl'---_ _ _ with msgs from sequence: 1I-,al....::.JI_-,I
Date range: II

Date field: ~

o Merge with old entries in sequence

[BiloKII
The dialog box allows you to specify the criterion for picking
messages. For example, you could specify that you would like to
pick those messages containing a certain word in the subject, or
those from a certain sender.
You can enter multiple selection criteria to further limit the
messages to be picked. For example, you could enter text in the
From: field and the On: field in the dialog box to pick messages
that the specified user sent to you on the specified day.
Only those messages in the open or selected folder are searched
for the specified criteria.

Using Mail

7-13

When a subset of messages has been picked, the index is updated
to list only the picked messages. When the folder is closed, the
picking criterion is lost. All messages will again be listed in the
index.
Text fields, which are the first five fields in the dialog box, search
for matching text anywhere in the field and are not case sensitive.
For example, entering the text John in the From: field might pick
messages from Jane Johnson, John Doe, and Olav Bejohnesson.
Each field in the pick dialog box is described in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1

Pick Dialog Box Fields

Field

Function

From:

To pick all messages in the open folder that
were sent from a certain user, enter the user
name of the sender.

To:

To pick all messages in the open folder that
were sent to a certain user, enter the user
name of the addressee or the name of a
distribution list.

Cc:

To pick all messages in the open folder that
were sent as a courtesy copy to certain users,
enter the user names of the addressees.

Date:

To pick messages received on a certain date,
enter the date in the format DD-MMM-YYYY.

Subject:

To pick messages with a common subject,
enter the subject or text included in the
subject.

Search:

To pick messages containing a word or phrase
in the body of the messages, enter the word or
phrase.

Next, enter the appropriate information in the text fields at the
bottom of the dialog box. The date range specifies that messages
received between certain dates and times are picked. Enter the
date and, if desired, the time in the format DD-MMM-YYYY
HH:MM:SS.
When you have finished entering the picking criteria, select either
the OK screen button to pick the designated messages or the
Cancel screen button to cancel the pick.

7-14 Using Mail

Opening a New Main Window
To create a new main window, first select the folder from the
current Mail window. Next, choose Open In New from the File
menu. A new main window is displayed, and the current folder is
opened.
You can perform all Mail functions on the folders and messages
displayed in this window. You can customize certain Mail features
to suit your working environment by modifying your mail profile.
Modifying your mail profile allows you to alter the way your
messages are sent, stored, and displayed. To modify your mail
profile, choose Modify mail profile ... from the Customize menu.
'f:i'or more
~nformation

Ibout
:ustomizing
vour mail
1rofile and the
~ail window,
~ee the UWS
~eference page
ixmail(lX).

The Mail Profile dialog box has the following options:
•

Skip to next message upon deleting current one.

• Skip to next message upon moving current one.
• Commit changes in a folder upon closing it.
• Renumber messages in a folder after every commit.
• Put deleted messages into wastebasket instead of deleting
immediately.
•

Incorporate new messages when invoking Show Unopened.

• Buttons affect the current message if no messages are
selected.
• Beep instead of putting up a No New Mail dialog box.
An option is on when the corresponding square is shaded. To turn
an option off, click on the appropriate black square.

Selecting the OK screen button saves the profile settings.
Selecting the Cancel screen button returns the original settings to
the profile, making no changes to the profile as it appeared when
the dialog box was first displayed.

:xiting from Mail
To exit from the Mail application, choose Exit from the main
Mail window's File menu. The main window and any open Read
or Create-Send windows are closed. Open folders are closed.
If Create-Send windows have been modified, for exam pIe, if a
message has been created but not sent, Mail displays a dialog box
asking if you really want to exit.

Using Mail

7-15

If multiple main windows are open, the File menu contains the
Close menu item rather than Exit. Choosing Close closes only the
main window from which Close is chosen. When there is only one
remaining main window, its File menu contains the Exit menu
item.

7-16 Using Mail

8
Using the Notepad Editor
The Notepad is an editing program that lets you compose and
manipulate text. You can use the Notepad editor for any writing
task.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start the editor

• Type and format text
•

Edit a file

•

Name a file

•

Open a second Notepad

• Open an existing file
•

Find and replace text

•

Split the screen into multiple views

•

Change fonts

•

Exit from an editing session

Starting the Notepad Editor
To start the Notepad editor, choose Notepad from the Session
Manager Applications menu or enter the following command in a
DECterm window:
% dxnotepad&

Using the Notepad Editor 8-1

Notepad displays an empty editing window, in which you can
type text from the keyboard or copy in an existing file for editing.
Notepad is interactive, so you see the changes to a file as you
make them.
~

Notepad: Unt_it_le_d__________________________~
___
~
Help
Navigate
Edit
Search
Customize

File

...

As you are using Notepad, you will notice that key combinations
are listed next to many menu items. These key combinations,
called accelerators or key bindings, provide an alternative method
for performing operations. To perform the function listed on the
menu, you can either choose the menu item or press the key
combination.
For example, you can start a new Notepad by choosing the New
menu item from the File menu, but you can also simply hold down
the Alt key and press the N keyboard key. (The Alt key is marked
Compose Character or Symbol on your keyboard.)
Some accelerators combine two or more of the special defined keys,
such as Shift, Control, and Find (which is El on some keyboards).
To use a three-key accelerator, press and hold the first two keys,
in order, and then press the third key.

8-2 Using the Notepad Editor

Typing Text
To enter text in the Notepad window, give the window input focus
and begin typing text from the keyboard. Notepad enters the text
at the position marked by the text insertion cursor. Initially, the
insertion cursor is displayed in the upper left corner, but it moves
right as you type.
The Notepad inserts text into a temporary holding area called a
buffer. The contents of the buffer appear in the Notepad window.
At the beginning of an editing session, the buffer may contain very
little text, but the buffer grows longer as you add information.
A buffer exists only during the editing session. When you end an
editing session, you direct the Notepad editor to save or discard
the contents of the buffer.

Formatting Text
Use the Tab key, the space bar, and the Return key to arrange
text in the Notepad window as you want it to appear.
You can also size the Notepad window so it has the line width you
want. By default, Notepad wraps text lines at the right margin
automatically so you do not have to press the Return key at the
end of every line. To disable word wrapping, choose Word Wrap
from the Customize menu. When word wrapping is in effect,
a shaded toggle button appears to the left of the Word Wrap
menu item. When you disable word wrapping, the toggle button
disappears.

Scrolling the Buffer
As your text buffer grows, it extends beyond the frame of the
Notepad window. To view text at the beginning or end of the
buffer, use the vertical scroll bar along the right side of the
window. The position of the slider indicates your position in the
buffer. When the slider is at the top of the scroll bar, you are at
the beginning of the buffer. When the slider is at the bottom of
the scroll bar, you are at the end of the buffer.

Editing a File
The Notepad navigation and editing commands let you move
within a text buffer quickly and easily, adding or modifying
information.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-3

Positioning the Cursor
When you insert text in the buffer, Notepad adds the text at
the current cursor position, pushing existing text to the right.
Therefore, the cursor is normally positioned at the spot where you
last entered text.
To move the text insertion cursor, position the pointer anywhere
in the Notepad window or on your workstation screen where there
is text or spaces and click MB1.
With a long buffer, reposition the text cursor using menu items
from the Navigate menu. Choose the Go To Top menu item to
move to the top of the buffer. Choose the Go To Bottom menu item
to move to the bottom of the buffer.
To reposition to a specific line in the buffer:
Choose Go To Line... from the Navigate menu.
The Notepad displays a line dialog box.
2

Type the line number.

Press the Return key or click on OK.

Notepad repositions the cursor to the specified line.
Another method of positioning on a certain line is to select the line
number somewhere on your screen and choose the Go To Selected
Line menu item on the Navigate menu.
For example, suppose you are reading an error listing file in
a DECterm window and editing the program source file in a
Notepad window. The error listing tells you that the program has
an error on line 1019. Use the mouse cursor to select 1019 in the
DECterm window, and then choose Go to Selected Line Number
from Notepad's Navigate menu. Notepad places the cursor on line
1019 of your file.

Selecting Text
In order to delete, move, or copy text in a buffer, you must first
select it. Select text by pressing and holding MB1, dragging the
pointer over the text, and releasing MB 1. This highlights the
selected text. Notepad stores this text until you tell it what to do.
You can select text by using mouse clicks. Double clicking MBI
selects the current word. Clicking MB 1 three times selects the
current line; four clicks selects the entire document. Choosing
Select All from the Edit menu also selects all text in the buffer.

8-4 Using the Notepad Editor

You can also select blocks of text that extend beyond what you can
currently view. To select an extended block of text:
Place the cursor at one end of the range you want to select.
2

Scroll the file to the other end of the range.

Hold down the Shift key and click MB1.

Notepad selects the text between the two points you designated
and places the cursor at the new insertion point.
If you already have an active select range, Notepad selects the
text from the insertion point (where you hold down the Shift key
and click MB1) to the existing active select range. Notepad then
places the cursor at the insertion point.
If you change your mind and want to cancel the selection, position
the pointer over any spot in the selected area and click, or choose
the Clear menu item on the Edit menu.

Deleting Text
Use the Delete key to erase a few characters. To delete a line or
a section of text, select the text and press the Delete key or begin
inserting new text. Inserting new text causes the selected text to
be deleted and the new text to take its place.
To delete all of the text in a buffer, choose the Select All menu
item and then the Clear menu item from the Edit menu. You can
replace the text by choosing Undo from the Edit menu.

Canceling an Edit
To cancel your most recent edit, choose the Undo menu item on
the Edit menu. For example, if you remove text with the Cut
menu item, you can restore the text to its former location with the
Undo menu item.
Notepad keeps a detailed record of all your edits so you can undo
a series of edits. To cancel a series of edits:
Choose Undo ... from the Edit menu.
Notepad displays the Undo dialog box.
2

Click on the Undo screen button to cancel the last editing
operation.
Each time you click on the Undo button, the Notepad cancels
another editing operation.

If you undo an editing operation by mistake, reinstate the
edits by clicking on the Redo screen button.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-5

To complete the operation, click on the Dismiss screen button.

You can cancel all the edits of an editing session in one step by
choosing the Revert from the File menu. The Notepad restores the
buffer to the state it was in when you first opened the file.

Moving Text
Because the Notepad saves the last text you selected and deleted,
you can move text from one location in the text buffer to another
location. There are three methods for moving text, so you can
choose the one that feels most comfortable to you.

To use the Edit menu to copy text:
1

Select the text. you want moved to another location.

Choose Cut from the Edit menu.

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by positioning the pointer and clicking MB1.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.

The deleted text is moved to the new location.
To cut and paste text, using the mouse:
Use MBl to select a range of text.
2

Move the text cursor to where you want the text to appear by
positioning the pointer and clicking MB1.

Hold down the Control key and click MB3.

The selected text disappears from the old location and appears in
the new location.
To use the quickest method for moving text:
Move the text cursor by positioning the pointer and clicking
MBl.
2

Select the text you want to move by holding down the Control
key and pressing MB3, while dragging the mouse. The
selected text is underlined.

Release the Control key and MB3.

The selected text disappears from the old location and appears in
the new location.

8-6 Using the Notepad Editor

Copying Text
Because Notepad keeps track of your selected text, you can copy
text from one location in a text buffer to another location. As with
moving text, you can use any of three methods for copying text;
choose the one most comfortable to you.
To use the Edit menu to copy text:
Select the text you want copied to another location.
2

Choose Copy from the Edit menu to store the copied text.

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by positioning the pointer and clicking MB 1.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.

The selected text is copied to the new location.
You can also use the mouse to copy text:
Use MBI to select a range of text.
2

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by positioning the pointer and clicking MB 1.

Click MB3.

The selected text appears at the new location.

An even quicker method for copying text is as follows:
Move the mouse pointer to where you want the text copied by
positioning the pointer and clicking MBI.
2

Select the text you want to copy by holding down the Control
key and pressing MB3 while dragging the mouse. The selected
text is underlined.

Release the Control key and MB3.

The selected text is copied to the new location.
These copy methods let you copy text from another application
window that supports text selection. For example, you can use
the Calculator's Edit menu to copy the number in its accumulator.
Then, by choosing the Paste menu item from Notepad's Edit
menu, you can place that number into your Notepad buffer. Or,
you can use MBI to select some text in a Mail window and use
MB3 to paste it into a Notepad buffer.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-7

Including an Existing File
You can include an existing file in the text buffer that you are
currently editing.
To include a file:
Move the text cursor to where you want the included file
placed.
2

Choose Include File... from the File menu.
Notepad displays the Open File dialog box.

Either select the file from the files listed in the dialog box or
type the name of the file that you want to include.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

The contents of the included file appear in the editing window at
the location you specified.

Filling a Block of Text
As you edit, deleting and inserting text, the lines of text will

probably become uneven and ragged. The Fill operation
reorganizes text so that the maximum number of whole words
fits on an 80-character line. If your Notepad window size is 80
characters or more, you can use this option to neaten broken
n!:lr!:lO"1"!:Inh~
r---o--r----

To fill text:
1

Use MBI to select the text you want to wrap.

Choose Fill from the Edit menu.

Notepad reorganizes the block of text into 80-character lines.

Sorting Text
If your text includes records or a list of items in which each item
begins a new line aligned on the left, you can sort the items
according to the leftmost characters. Choosing the Sort menu item
is equivalent to running the ULTRIX sort command.
To sort some lines of text:
1

Use MB 1 to select the lines you want to sort.

Choose Sort from the Edit menu.

The text disappears and then reappears in sorted order.

8-8 Using the Notepad Editor

l'or more
rtformation on
~ow sorting
')orks, see

"'e ULTRIX

eference page

ort(1).

The sort operation places numbers before alphabetic characters
and places uppercase alphabetic characters before lowercase
alphabetic characters. If any of the lines of text start with tabs
or space characters, those characters affect the result of the sort
operation.

Changing the Left Margin
You can change the left margin of a block of text, moving it
to either the right or to the left. First use MBl to select the
text. Choose Indent+4 from the Edit menu to move the text four
columns to the right; repeat the procedure to move the text again,
as far as you like.
To move the margin to the left, select the text and choose Indent-4
from the Edit menu.

Using ULTRIX Text Filters
Notepad lets you use the ULTRIX commands or programs on your
system to process text. You can use any ULTRIX command that
takes source text, filters it through a program, and writes the
output to the original location in the Notepad buffer. To use an
ULTRIX text filtering command:
1

Select a block of text.

Choose Filter Selection... from the Edit menu.
The Filter Selection dialog box appears.

I Cancel I
3

Enter the ULTRIX command name in the text input field.
ULTRIX commands must be entered in lowercase letters.

Press OK.

For example, while writing programs in the C language, you can
invoke cb, the C program beautifier, which formats code so as
to display its structure. Select the lines that need structuring,
choose Filter Selection... from the Edit menu, and enter cb in
the text field of the Filter Selection dialog box. The selected
code disappears and reappears in your Notepad, now structured
correctly.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-9

Saving Text in a File
When you add text to Notepad, the editor records the information
in the buffer. Because a text buffer exists only for the editing
session, if you want to save the contents of the buffer you must
direct Notepad to write your text to a file.
To save the text in your buffer as a file:
Choose Save As... from the File menu.
Notepad displays a dialog box that prompts you for the name
of the file.
"

Notepad: Untitled

File

Edit

Navigate

Save As

Customize

Help

I!PJ

Save As...

III
IDOl ~====~------I Cancel I

Type the name of the file, assigning a name that corresponds
to the contents of the file so that you can easily recognize
it. Use the Delete and arrow keys to make any necessary
corrections.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

Notepad writes the contents of the buffer to the new file and post~
the file name in the title bar of the editing window.
When you make changes to an existing file, it is also necessary to
save the changes. Once a file has a name, use the Save to update
the file.

Opening a Second Notepad
You can open a second Notepad window without closing the first
window. To create a second Notepad window, choose New from thE
File menu. A second Notepad window opens.

8-10 Using the Notepad Editor

@]
Edit

Navigate

Help

Customize

~_ _ _ _ _ _
[g_m_
Help
File Edit Search Navigate Customize

The editing you do in the second Notepad window can be
completely independent of the first Notepad window, or you can
copy and paste text from one notepad window to the other.

Opening an Existing File
To edit an existing file, you direct Notepad to open the file and
read its contents into the Notepad buffer.
To open an existing file:
Choose Open... from the File menu.
Notepad displays the Open File dialog box.
[g

Open ...

File Filter

1*·*
Files in lusr/staff/almost/kosakl
lusrlstaff/almost/kosak/meeting_notes.BAK

I Filter 'I

lusrlstaff/almost/kosak/reminders.txt

lusr/staff/almost/kosak/trip_report.txt

I Cancel

<JD

i [) 0

Selection

II
2

Either select the file from the files listed in the dialog box or
type the file name.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-11

, However, if the file name appears anywhere on your screen, you
can simply use MBl to highlight the name and then choose Open
Selected from the file menu.
The contents of the file appear in the editing window and Notepad
displays the file name in the title bar.

Searching for Text
You can search a text buffer for any text, such as a word, a
number, or any other characters that you can type with your
keyboard. Because Notepad treats spaces as text, you can search
for two or more words. The Notepad searches the buffer from the
current cursor position and highlights the first occurrence of the
text string.
Choose Next... from the Search menu.
Notepad displays the Find dialog box.
"

Notepad: Untitled

File

Edit

Navigate

customize

Help

-6

Type the text string you want to locate.

Click on the Next screen button to initiate a search from the
current position to the end of the file.

You can continue to search for the text string by clicking on the
Next screen button in the Find dialog box.
By default, the Notepad distinguishes between uppercase and
lowercase occurrences of a letter. Click on Case Sensitive Searches
on the Customize menu if you prefer to search for any uppercase
or lowercase occurrence of the letter you specify.
Notepad can also search a text buffer for a character pattern.
You can add characters or delete characters from the search
string during the search operation, and the Notepad returns to
the initial search position in the buffer and looks again for the
modified pattern. Choose the Next IncrementaL. menu item to
search for patterns.

8-12 Using the Notepad Editor

~eplacing Text
The Notepad editor can replace one text string with another
text string. This is especially useful if you have spelled a word
incorrectly throughout a long file, and you want to fix every
occurrence of the misspelled word.
To replace a text string:
Choose Replace All... from the Search menu.
Notepad displays a dialog box.

New

I Cancel I

Type the old text that you want the Notepad to replace and
press the Tab key to move the cursor to the next text entry
field.

Type the new text that you want substituted and press the
Return key.

To replace one occurrence of the text at a time, choose Replace
Once... from the Search menu. Notepad searches the buffer from
the current cursor position and highlights the first occurrence of
the text. Click on the Replace Once button to replace the text
with the new text. To skip an occurrence, click on the Skip button.
To replace text within some portion of the buffer, select a range of
text. Then choose the Replace Within Selected Area... from the
Search menu.

>plitting the Work Area
You can split your Notepad window into a number of edit
windows. This lets you work on different portions of the same file
simultaneously and perform editing functions between windows,
such as cutting and pasting. This is particularly helpful with a
long file.
To split the window in which the cursor is currently placed, choose
Split View from the Navigate menu.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-13

To get rid of a window in which the cursor is currently placed,
choose Delete View from the Navigate menu.
To adjust the size of the split window, position the cursor on the
pane adjustment knob (located between the split areas) then drag
MBl up or down until you're satisfied with the size.

Changing the Font
You can select from among a number of character sizes and styles
when you edit in Notepad. Choose Font... from the Customize
menu. The Font Attributes dialog box appears.
~!5Il

Font Attributes

Family (Foundry)

Size (dpi)

Courier (Adobe)
Helvetica
(Adobe)
_I_T_C
_Av_a_nt_G_a_rd_e_G_ot_hi_C
_(A_d_Ob_e_)
Interim OM (ADOBE)

_. J. . ~6-' D6

ITC Lubalin Graph (Adobe)

'Weight

Slant

Width

Spacing

I Apply I
I Cancel I

Char Set

Sample TeNt
The quick brown fox jUl'lped over the lazy dog.
abcdefghijkll'lnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZOl234567B9

o
Q

The list of available styles and sizes reflects the fonts installed on
your system. To change the font of your Notepad session:
Click on the name of a font family to select a design. The font
manufacturers (foundries) are shown in parentheses.
The point sizes (heights) for that font family appear, with the
screen resolution for which that size is designed, in dots-perinch. Font resolutions typically match your monitor's screen
resolution, but you could have some other choices.
2

Click on a point size. Choose one whose resolution matches
your screen's (otherwise the point size appears incorrect).
Attribute combinations for the font family in the currently
selected size appear.

Click on a line of attributes.

8-14 Using the Notepad Editor

The sample text changes so that you can preview the font.
4

Click on Apply to apply the current font attributes to your
Notepad session.

Click on Cancel to remove the dialog box, preserving the last
applied font.

Choose Save Attributes from the Customize menu to apply
these font attributes to future Notepad sessions; choose Restore
Attributes to return to the last saved font.

Recovering from an Interrupted Session
Should some unexpected event interrupt your editing session,
the Notepad editor can reconstruct it. Notepad keeps a record of
your edits so that system failures do not cause you to lose them.
(Failures can occur, for example, when a thunderstorm interrupts
the electrical power.) This record of edits, called a journal file,
usually exists only while an editing session is active. However,
the journal file remains if the session ends abnormally.
When you attempt to edit a file that has a journal file associated
with it, Notepad displays the Recover dialog box and asks whether
you want the previous edits restored.
Notepad can recover a session, even if an interruption occurs
when you are editing an untitled buffer that does not yet have a
file name. Notepad assigns the buffer a file name. The file name
has the format nnnnnnnnJNL, where nnnnnnnn is a process
number that uniquely identifies the file. To recover an untitled
buffer:
Choose Open... from the File menu.
2

Look at the list of files in your current directory. Find a file
whose name has the format nnnnnnnnJNL.

Enter the process number (represented by nnnnnnnn) in the
file selection text field. Omit the JNL characters at the end.
Notepad displays a Recover dialog box, asking you to confirm
the recovery.

Click on the Yes button.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-15

Exiting from an Editing Session
To end an editing session, choose Exit from the File menu. If you
have modified text in the current buffer, Notepad produces a new
version of the edited file and closes the Notepad window.
To discard the edits from a session and close the editing window,
choose Quit from the File menu.

8-16 Using the Notepad Editor

9
Using Paint
Paint is a graphics program that lets you create any kind of
simple picture, such as a sketch, an illustration, or a map. From
an assortment of art tools, you can choose those that enhance your
picture, adding any details and accents it requires.
The Paint program can save your pictures for later use, print them
on different kinds of printers, or copy them to other applications.
You can also project these pictures on your terminal screen with
the CDA Viewer.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start Paint

•

Select tools and menu items

• Erase
• Draw lines and shapes
• Introduce patterns into paintings
• Use the paintbrush
• Edit paintings
• Insert text
•

Size and scroll the canvas

•

Print paintings

•

Exit from Paint

Using Paint 9-1

Starting Paint
To start Paint, choose Paint from the Session Manager
Applications menu or enter the following command in a DECterm
window:
% dxpaint &

The Paint program displays a drawing window that is bordered by
a tool palette.

___

___p_ai_nt_:I_Hl_tit_le_d_____________________________________
I~

File

Edit

..
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Options

Font

Help
6

Customize

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The Paint window frames a portion of the canvas. Horizontal and
vertical scroll bars indicate the percentage of the canvas displayed
in the Paint window.

9-2 Using Paint

.earning the Basics
Paint is a bitmap graphics program, which means that it treats
pictures as a collection of dots called pixels. Different drawing
tools, such as the pencil, the paintbrush, and the text tool, edit the
color of the pixels to either the foreground color or the background
color to create a pattern. Because the Paint canvas has so many
pixels in every square inch, you do not actually see patterns of
dots. Instead you see a collection of lines, shapes, and text.
You can begin to understand Paint by modifying a sam pIe picture
called the Clock Tower. To display the Clock Tower:
In the Paint window, choose the Open... menu item from the
File menu.
The Open Picture dialog box displays the names of any
graphics files in the current directory.

Open Picture

10.

File filter

n"· ddif
Picture name:

61 Filter 1

ICQLJI
1 Cancel 1

(I0!)O
Selection

II
2

Type the following file name in the Selection field:
/usr/examples/DDIF_graphics/clocktower.ddif

DDIF is the standard format of a Paint file.
3

Click on the OK button or press 1Return I.

Paint displays the Clock Tower picture. Use the Clock Tower to
practice selecting tools and to experiment with some of the Paint
menu items.

Using Paint 9-3

Selecting Tools

[:J ~
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~II

The tool palette offers a variety of art tools and basic shapes. You
can work with a pencil, a paintbrush, a can of spray paint, or a
paint bucket. The shapes on the tool palette let you build pictures
quickly and easily.

AfJ

When you first start Paint, the paintbrush tool is highlighted,
indicating it is the current default. Only one tool on the tool
palette is active at a time, and that tool remains active until you
make another selection.

DO
00

Try changing the time on the Clock Tower. First, select the eraser
to delete the current time. To use the eraser:

Place the pointer in the tool palette, position it on the eraser
tool, and click MB 1.

"-'

9-4 Using Paint

Move the pointer into the drawing window, position it in the
center of the clock face, and click MB 1.
The eraser is now active in the window.

Gently drag the eraser along each hand of the clock,
eliminating the current time. Release MB 1.

N ow, draw in the current time, usiIlg the straight line tool:
Point to the straight line tool on the tool palette and click
MBl.

Position the pointer in the center of the clock face and press
MBl.

The straight line tool is now active, and one end of the line is
anchored at the center of the clock. You can stretch and swing
the line from the center point by moving the mouse. Try it.
3

Drag the pointer from the center of the clock to the current
hour postion. Once the line points to the correct time, release
MBl.

Add a second line in the same manner for the minute hand.

If you make a mistake, choose the Undo menu item from the Edit
menu. Undo always cancels the last action you took.

Creating Special Effects
Using the menu items in the Paint program, you can create
special effects with a painting.
For example, the Invert menu item on the Edit menu creates a
negative image of a painting. The Paint program can reverse the
tones of the Clock Tower, switching the foreground color and the
background color.
1

Click on the selection box tool.

Move the pointer into the drawing window and select the
Clock Tower.

Choose the Invert menu item from the Edit menu.

Paint repaints the Clock Tower, making a negative of the original
image.

Saving a Painting
To save your version of the Clock Tower:
Choose Save As... from the File menu.

Using Paint

9-5

Paint displays a dialog box and prompts you for a file name.
l~

Save As

File filter

I~·img
Flies in

'0' @ DDiF \ Filter I

o Xll

jLJiiJI
I Cancel I

GOOD
Selection
I

Type a file name using the form -/filename.ddif so that Paint
saves the picture in your login directory.

Click on the OK button or press the \Return I key.

Printing a Painting
IlYou need
help completing
the dialog box,
refer to the
DECwindows
User's Guide.

To print the Clock Tower, choose one of the Print Inenu iten1S fron1
the File menu. The Print menu item sends the painting to the
default printer, whereas the Print As... menu item displays the
print dialog box.
Paint supports output to both PostScript and sixel printers, such
as the LA50 and LAI00. When printing on an LA50, set an aspect
ratio of 2:1. All other printers have a 1:1 ratio.

Erasing
There are several ways to erase in Paint:

9-6 Using Paint

•

Use the eraser tool.

•

Select the area using the selection box tool or the scissors tool.
Or, select the entire canvas using the Select All menu item
from the Edit menu. Then choose Clear from the Edit menu.
Select All acts only on the visible portion of the screen.

•

Choose Undo from the Edit menu to erase the last Paint
operation.

Drawing Lines and Shapes

""'

DO
00
O~

The bottom half of the tool palette contains a collection of line and
shape tools that you use in a similar way. Whenever you draw a
straight line or a shape, the point where you click MBI becomes
its reference point. That is, you can stretch and swing the line or
shape from this reference point by dragging the pointer. When the
shape is correct, anchor it in place by releasing MB l.
For example, to draw a rectangle:
Click on the rectangle tool.
2

Position the pointer in the drawing window where you want
one corner of the rectangle to be. Press MB 1 and drag the
pointer diagonally across the drawing surface until the
rectangle has the desired width and height. (Notice how you
can stretch and shrink the rectangle, even flip it over.)

Release MBI to anchor the shape.

If you want to line up a series of shapes or draw them
equidistant to each other, choose Grid from the Options menu.
It superimposes a horizontal and vertical pattern of dots on the
drawing window, as shown in the following figure, that serves as a
guide, yet does not become part of your picture.

Using Paint 9-7

_Q__pa_il_lt_________________________________________
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File

Edit

Options

Font

Customize

Help

r::J '\0
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iiiiiVj

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Varying Line Width
Line Width

IPJI

Lines drawn with the shape tools can be thick or thin. To change
the current line width:
Choose Line Width... from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.
2

1001

9-8 Using Paint

Click on the line thickness you want.

For example, to draw non-rectangular polygons with different
width borders, choose the line width you want and then do the
following:
1

Click on the polyline tool to make it active.

After positioning the pointer in the drawing window, drag
the pointer to create one side of the polygon. Drag to create
additional sides and double-click on the final corner.

Q ~~I~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
File

Edit

Options

Font

Customize

llPJ!i1l
Help

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Most of the time, geometric shapes or figures are opaque so you
cannot see what lies behind them. However, using Transparent
from the Options menu, you can let background images show
through foreground images.

Using PaHerns
Lines and shapes do not need to be a solid color. They can be
striped, speckled, woven, dotted, and so on.
The line and shape tools, the spray can tool, and the paintbrush
tool can paint patterned lines and borders. To use patterned lines:
Choose Patterns... from the Options menu.
Paint displays the Patterns palette, which provides a selection
of designs. The Patterns palette is shown in Figure 9-1.

Using Paint 9-9

Figure 9-1

The Patterns Palette
Fill Pattern

Outline Pattern
Foreground Color

No Color

Background Color

1001
2

Click on the outline button to change the current outline
pattern, which is solid.

Click on any pattern.
Notice that the pattern you clicked on is displayed in the
outline button, indicating it is the active pattern.

Click on the shape tool you want to use.

Mter positioning the pointer in the drawing window, drag the
pointer to create a patterned line or border.

To create shapes with patterned centers:
Choose Patterns... from the Options menu.
Paint displays the Patterns palette, illustrated in Figure 9-l.

9-10 Using Paint

Click on the Fill button to select a fill pattern.

Click on any pattern on the palette.
Notice that the pattern you click on is displayed in the Fill
button, indicating it is the current default.

Click on any tool you want to use. The geometric shape tools
and the paint bucket tool use the current fill pattern.

Mter positioning the pointer in the drawing window, drag the
pointer to create a shape with a patterned center.
The following shows examples of patterns.

~ paint__________________________________________~_~
__

File

Edit

Options

Font

Customize

Help

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...........
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You can fill existing shapes with the paint bucket tool by clicking
MBI inside the shape you want to fill. The shape must be
enclosed. Any opening in the border causes the paint to spill
out onto the canvas. You can reverse filling a shape by choosing
Undo Flood from the Edit menu.
Filling only works on the visible part of the canvas; if you attempt
to flood the entire canvas, only the visible portion will be affected.

Creating Your Own Patterns
With Paint, you can create your own patterns and store them
on the pattern palette during a Paint session. Create your own
pattern from any of the patterns on the palette except the solid
foreground, solid background, and None patterns, illustrated in
Figure 9-1.

Using Paint 9-11

To create your own pattern:
Decide whether you want an outline or a fill pattern, and then
click on the appropriate button on the Pattern palette.
2

Choose a pattern from the palette that is closest to what you
want and click on it. Paint also provides a few blank patterns
at the end of the palette that you can customize.

Choose Edit Pattern... from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

•• •• •• •• •• •• •• ••
• •• •• •• •• •• •• ••
•••••••
••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••
IIII III
I I• •I •I •I •I •I
I I I • I I I

Notice that this dialog box contains two boxes. In the lefthand box, you see the pattern you chose from the palette. In
the right-hand box, you see the same pattern magnified.
While you are editing a pattern, the Edit Pattern dialog box
has input focus, and the pointer assumes the shape of a pencil.
4

In the Edit Pattern dialog box, edit the magnified version of
the pattern to create the effect you want.
Use the pencil to draw over pixels or click on individual pixels.
The pencil tool turns a background pixel to the foreground
color and a foreground pixel to the background color.
Refer to the pattern shown in the left-hand box to see how the
magnified pattern looks under normal conditions.

Click on the OK button to complete the pattern and return to
the drawing window.

The edited pattern is available on the Pattern palette for the rest
of the session, replacing the original pattern.

Using the Paintbrush
For an elegant stroke, one that creates a calligraphic effect, use
the paintbrush. The paintbrush tool applies paint along the path
of the pointer.

9-12 Using Paint

'lor information
tbout changing
wtterns, see
lsing Patterns.

Initially, the paintbrush has a solid stroke, but you can choose a
patterned stroke by changing the outline pattern on the Patterns
palette.

To shape the tip of the paintbrush:
1

Click on the paintbrush tool.

Choose Brush Shape... from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.
l[g

Grushes

·• a·
··
• • • •

/////
"

" "

'" ""

ILiDI
3

Click on the brush shape you want.

Move the pointer into the drawing window and try out the
new brush stroke.

:diting Paintings
With Paint's electronic canvas, you can easily rearrange images in
the drawing window. You can delete images entirely, move them
to another part of the window, or copy them. The Paint program
can also size selected images, shrinking them or enlarging them
as you wish. It can also crop a painting, retaining one section of
the canvas while discarding the rest. For further effect, Paint can
invert the foreground and background colors in a selected area.

Selecting Images
Two selection tools, the box and the scissors, mark a portion of the
drawing window for a graphics operation. The selection box tool
marks a rectangular area, while the selection scissors tool marks
an area with an arbitrary shape. You can select the entire canvas
with the Select All menu item on the Edit menu.
To use the selection box tool, position the pointer in one corner
of the area to be selected and drag the pointer over the desired
image.

Using Paint 9-13

To use the selection scissors tool, drag the pointer around the
boundary of the desired object until you reach the starting point.
Paint stores the selected image until you tell it what to do.

Moving Images
You can move an image from one location in the Paint window to
another. To move an image:
Select the image.
2

Position the pointer inside the selected area and drag the
image to the desired location.
You can cancel the selection by clicking in another part of the
window or by selecting another tool.

Copying Images
Once you select an image on the canvas, you can copy the image
to the clipboard, leaving the original image intact. Then, paste thE
clipboard image onto the canvas. Paint can paste graphic images
from the clipboard, but it cannot paste text.
To copy an image:
1

Select the image.

Choose Copy from the Edit menu.
Paint copies the image to the clipboard.

Choose Paste from the Edit menu.
Paint takes the image from the clipboard and puts it on the
canvas, leaving it selected.

Position the pointer in the selected image and drag it to the
proper location on the screen.
You can cancel the selection by clicking on another tool or by
selecting another image.

Resizing Images
You can also modify the proportions of selected images. Use
the Scale menu item from the Edit menu to enlarge or shrink a
selected image. To scale an image:
Select the image.
2

9-14 Using Paint

Choose Scale from the Edit menu.

Paint displays a dialog box.
~
___
p_ai_nt__________________________________________
I~_~_
File

Edit

Options

Font

Help

Customize

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.~~f:~;-:'::.- ,:.::;. ~~.:.:-:. :;;~;, ' .. \:~.

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II 300%
50% II 400%
200% II 800%
25%

ScaleBY:~ %

I~II Cancel I
GI

100

Click on one of the percent buttons to change the scale. For
example, clicking on 25% reduces the selected area to 25% of
the original size; clicking on 200% enlarges the selected area
to twice its original size.
If you want to specify your own percentage: enter a number
less than 100 to shrink the figure, or a number greater than
100 to expand the figure.

Click on the OK button to complete the operation.
To reverse the process and return to your original picture,
choose Undo Scale from the Edit menu.

Using Paint 9-15

Cropping a Picture
Many times, one section of a painting develops so well that you
decide to keep it, discarding the rest of the canvas. Use the Crop
menu item to extract a portion of the picture. To crop a picture:
Select the section of the picture you want to keep.
2

Choose Crop from the Edit menu.
Paint repositions the cropped picture in the upper left corner
of the window and discards the rest of the painting. You can
restore the original picture with the Undo menu item.

Working with Full Views
By using the Full View menu item from the Options menu, you
can display entire figures even if they are too large to fit in the
Paint window. The Full View dialog box lets you display only a
portion of your picture or permanently crop it.
To display an entire picture, choose Full View... from the Options
menu. Paint displays the Full View dialog box.
To change modes in the Full View dialog box, display the Mode
option menu and choose the desired option. The default mode is
Position.
To designate the area of your picture you want to display:
Choose Position from the Mode option menu in the Full View
dialog box.
2

Press and drag MBl until the Position window frames the
area of the canvas you want to display.

Release MB l.

Click on OK to display the desired portion of the canvas.

To crop your picture:
Choose Crop from the Mode option menu in the Full View
dialog box.

9-16 Using Paint

Press and drag MBl until the Crop window frames the area of
the canvas you want to crop and save.
The rest of the figure will be discarded.

Click on the crop button.
To reverse cropping, click on the Undo Crop button.

Click on OK.

Paint displays a dialog box that tells you the crop operation
is irreversible and asks if you want to save the picture before
continuing. Click on Yes to retain only the portion of the
picture you slected, discarding the rest. Click on No to restore
the picture to its precropped state.

Editing in Detail
Not only does Paint magnify patterns in the Edit Patterns dialog
box so you can see them better, it also magnifies portions of the
canvas with the Zoom On menu item. Zoom acts like a magnifying
glass in the drawing window, enlarging an image to eight times
its original size.
To magnify a portion of a painting:
Choose Zoom On from the Options menu.
The Zoom window opens beside the Paint window and a
magnifying frame is displayed in the Paint window itself.
The magnifying frame in the Paint window demonstrates the
size of the image that Paint magnifies in the Zoom window.
You can resize the Zoom window to edit a larger area of the
canvas.

Using Paint 9-17

111>0
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••••

••••
••••
•• •••

9-18 Using Paint

••

•••• ••
•••• ••
•• ••
••••

••••

Place the pointer inside the magnifying frame and drag the
frame over the image that you want to edit.
The Zoom window contains an enlarged version of the image
that is defined by the magnifying frame in the Paint window.

Select the pencil tool from the tool palette.

Bring the pointer into the Zoom window and use the pencil to
add fine details to the image. Either click on individual pixels
or draw over them.
Notice that the image in the drawing window changes as you
edit in the Zoom window, so you can see how the modified
figure looks in normal proportions. Continue editing pixels
until you are satisfied with the overall effect.

To edit other areas of the drawing window, drag the
magnifying frame to the next location.

Edit the pixels in the Zoom window as before.
To close the Zoom window, display the Options menu and click on
the Zoom Off menu item.

nserting Text
You can insert text anywhere in the Paint window. You can choose
from an assortment of fonts, sizes, and styles when adding text.
You can change the appearance of text in the drawing window up
until the moment you click to complete the text entry. Mter that,
Paint incorporates the text into the graphic image. To insert text:
Select the text tool.
2

Position the pointer in the Paint window where you want to
insert text and click MB 1.
Paint inserts a left corner bracket to mark the left margin of
the text entry and displays the text insertion cursor next to it.

Type in text from the keyboard, formatting it with the Tab
and Return keys.

To modify the text font, choose Family from the Font menu
and display the pop-up menu. Click on the type of font that
you want.

Change the text from normal to bold face by choosing Style
from the Font menu. Display the pop-up menu from the Style
item and click on Bold.

To adjust the size of the text, choose Size and display the
pop-up menu. Click on the pica size that you want.
Paint applies the selections you make to the text you have
already entered.

To complete the entry with its current characteristics, either
move the pointer to another part of the window and click MBI
or select another tool.

The inserted text becomes part of the picture. You can no longer
erase text with the delete key or change its characteristics with
items from the Font menu.

Using Paint

9-19

Sizing the Canvas
The default Paint window shows only a portion of the canvas. The
scroll bars along the right side and the bottom of the window let
you view the entire canvas. The position of the slider indicates
your position in the' canvas. When the slider is at the top of the
scroll bar, you are at the beginning of the canvas. When the slider
is at the bottom of the scroll bar, you are at the end of the canvas.
You can resize the Paint window to frame the entire canvas by
clicking on the resize button.
You can also tailor the size of a Paint canvas by specifying the
height and width in pixels, inches or centimeters.
Additionally, you can modify the number of dots per inch (DPI).
This lets you manipulate high-resolution images. To modify the
DPI, click on the Inches or Centimeters option and press MB1 to
display the Resolution menu. Choose 75, 100, or 300 DPI, or the
Non-Standard menu item. Non-Standard lets you supply your
own resolution. The change will be evident when you print the
picture out, rather than in the Paint display.
To alter the canvas:
Choose Picture Size ... from the Customize menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

II!i1

Picture Size

Size I Letter
Width:

I~oo

Height:

117 50

@ Pixels

o Inches
o Centimeters

n.~s(Jlutil)n [::?I!:~:fC::~::::::::~:::::::::::::l
~

Dots per Inch

I Cancel I
The Picture Size dialog box shows the current canvas size
with its dimensions converted to pixels, inches, or centimeters,

9-20 Using Paint

Click on Size to display the Size menu.
Choose one of the Size menu items: Non-Standard, Letter
(8112x11) or Screen (size of screen in pixels). Choose NonStandard to supply your own value. This is the default.

Choose the desired canvas size.

Click on the OK button.

Using Accelerators
Certain key combinations, called accelerators, let you quickly
perform common DECwindows operations. The following shows
each key combination and its corresponding function. (The ALT
key is marked Compose Character or Symbol on your keyboard.)
Press

To Produce

I ALI /zl

Undo

IALI/QI

Quit

IALI/X I

Cut

I ALI/V I

Paste

IALT/pi

IA LI/SI

Save

IA LI/W I

Refresh Screen

In addition to using accelerators to perform common DECwindows
commands, you can use key combinations to manipulate Paint
tools. You can press and hold the Shift key while you drag MBl to
produce the following results.
Tool

Effect

Rectangle

Causes it to be a square

Line

Causes it to be at an angle that is a multiple of 45
degrees

Brush

Causes it to be horizontal or vertical

Pencil

Causes it to be horizontal or vertical

Ellipse

Causes it to be a circle

Polygon

Causes angles to be multiples of 45 degrees

Eraser

Causes it to erase only vertically and horizontally

Exiting from Paint
To exit from Paint, choose Quit from the File menu. If you try to
Quit without saving your picture, Paint asks if you want to save
the picture before quitting. Click on Yes, No, or Cancel to state
your choice.

Using Paint 9-21

Tool Summary
Table 9-1 lists the tools available on the Paint palette.
Table 9-1

9-22 Using Paint

Tool Summary

Tool

Action

Box

Select a rectangular area for editing.

Scissors

Select a shape for editing.

Spray can

Apply paint in the current outline pattern. (The
slower the drag, the darker the coat.)

Pencil

Draw a thin line.

Eraser

Delete·the image in the path of the pointer.

Paintbrush

Paint a free stroke.

Text

Print what is typed at the keyboard.

Paint bucket

Fill a closed shape with the current fill pattern.

Line

Draw a straight line. Shift-click for a 90 degree or a
45 degree line.

Arc

Sketch a horizontal or vertical arc, depending on
the initial movement after the click. Shift-click for a
quarter circle.

Rectangle

Draw a rectangle. Shift-click for a square.

Square

Draw a square.

Ellipse

Draw an oval shape. Shift-click for a circle.

Circle

Draw a circle.

Free-hand
stroke

Draw a free-hand line in the selected line width and
pattern.

Polyline

Draw a multisided figure with rounded corners.
Click at each corner, double-click to complete shape.
Shift-click for 45 or 90 degree angles.

10
Using the PostScript® Previewer
The PostScript Previewer lets you view formatted PostScript files
on your workstation screen without printing them, thus saving
you paper and trips to the printer.
This chapter describes how to:
• Start the PostScript Previewer
• View a PostScript file
• Customize your PostScript display
• Exit from the PostScript Previewer

Starting the PostScript Previewer
To start the Postscript Previewer, choose PostScript Previewer
from the Session Manager Applications menu or enter the
following command in a DECterm window:
% dxpsview &

gee the UWS
"eference page
ixpsview(1X)
~r information
Ibout these
~ommand

You can specify several options on the command line to specify the
file to be displayed or characteristics of the PostScript Previewer
window.
The PostScript Previewer displays its main window, which is
where you view PostScript files.

)ptions.

® PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Using the PostScript® Previewer

10-1

/hI1 PostScript® Previewer
File

Page

Options

lbEllill
Help

Viewing a PostScript File
To view a PostScript file in the PostScript Previewer window, you
must open it. To open a PostScript file:
Choose Open... from the File menu.
The Previewer displays a dialog box that prompts you for the
name of the file you want to view. The file list box lists the
names of the PostScript files in the current directory.

10-2 Using the PostScript® Previewer

Open ...

File Filter

I"·p~
Files in /usr/staff/pooter/humel

611 Filter I

/usr/staff/pooter/hume/debu9_listing.ps
/usr/staff/pooter/hume/display-2341.ps

1 OK I
1 Cancel I

/usr/staff/pooter/hume/display-2346.ps
/usr/staff/pooter/hume/header.ps

¢o

r> 0

Selection
II

Double click on the name of the file you want to view.
The PostScript Previewer displays the file you specified.

If you want to view a PostScript file that is not listed, type the
name of that file in the Selection text entry field and click on the
OK button. Or, use the File Filter text entry field to list a subset
of files that you can select from. For example, to list all files that
end in .ps in another directory, type the full directory path (such
as /jones/project/*.ps) in the File filter text entry field and click
on the Filter button. When the list of files from the /jones/project
directory appears in the list box, double click on the name of the
file you want to view.
If the name of the file you want to view appears in any other
window, you can select that file name and view the file. To view a
file whose file name appears in another window:
1

Select the name of the file you want to view.

Choose Open Selected from the File menu.
The PostScript file you selected is displayed.

Using the PostScript® Previewer

10-3

Paging Through the File
The number of the page currently displayed appears in the Status
area in the lower left corner of the window. To view another page
in the displayed file, you can:
•

Specify the number of the page you want to see

•

Specify the next page

•

Specify the previous page

To view a specific page:
Choose Display... from the Page menu.
The PostScript Previewer displays a dialog box.
2

Enter the number of the page you want to see.

Click on the OK button.

The PostScript Previewer displays that page.
To view the next page, you can either choose the third menu
item from the Page menu or click on the Next Page button at
the bottom of the Previewer window. You can continue to page
through the file by choosing the appropriate menu item from the
Page menu or by clicking on the Next Page and Previous Page
buttons.
If you are viewing the first page in the file, the first menu item
on the Page menu and the Previous Page button are unavailable.
If you are viewing the last page in the file, the last menu item on
the Page menu and Next Page push button are unavailable.

Revisiting the File
If you make changes to a PostScript file based on what you see

when you view it, you do not have to close the file to see those
changes in effect. By revisiting the file currently displayed, you
can see the changes you made. This means you can modify the fil.
in one window while you are viewing it in another, reprocess the
file to produce new PostScript output, and view the modified file.
To revisit the currently displayed file, choose the Revisit Current
menu item from the File menu. The file is redisplayed from the
beginning~

10-4 Using the PostScript® Previewer

Customizing the PostScript Previewer
By customizing the PostScript Previewer, you can:
•

Change the page size, page orientation, or scale of the display

•

Speed the display of pages in random order

• View files for either format or content
• View files that contain unsupported PostScript tray size
directives
• Watch the Postscript Previewer draw images to the screen

Changing the Page Size, Page Orientation, and
Scale
You can change the size and orientation of a page you want to
view. Changing the page size does not change the size of the
PostScript Previewer window. Instead, the display is formatted (in
length and width) for the page size you specify. Unless you specify
otherwise, the display page size is Letter (8 1/2 x 11 inches).
To change the page size of the file currently displayed:
Choose Sheet Selection... from the Options menu.
The Previewer displays a dialog box.
I~

Sheet Selection...

Sheet Sizes

IIIUI

Orientation
6

Legal
Ledger
Executive

@{@
O~

O~
O~

'0'

1.0

Scale Factor

il OK II

I Cancel I

To choose a sheet size, click on the appropriate size.

You can choose from the following tray sizes:
• Letter (8.5 x 11 inches)
• Legal (8.5 x 14 inches)

Using the PostScript® Previewer

10-5

• Ledger (11 x 17 inches)
• Executive (7.5 x 10.5 inches)
• A3 (297 x 420 mm)
• A4 (210 x 297 mm)
• A5 (148 x 210 mm)
•

B4 (257 x 364 mm)

•

B5 (182 x 257 mm)

Unless you specify otherwise, the page is displayed upright at
degrees. You can view the page at 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. To
change the orientation of the page in the Previewer window, click
on the appropriate orientation symbol. The new page orientation
takes effect at the next page operation, when another file is
opened, or when the current file is reopened with the Revisit
Current menu item.
You can also specify the factor by which the Postscript Previewer
magnifies or shrinks the images in the file. A scale factor of 1
creates images on screen that are the same size as those printed
on paper. Reducing the scale factor below 1 shrinks images;
increasing the scale factor magnifies them.
To change the scale of the display, drag the arrow in the slider left
or right, or move the pointer to a location on the slider and press
MBl. The scale appears in the Status area when it is more or less
than 1 (as 0.3X or 1.5X, for example).
Click on the OK button in the Sheet Selection box when you have
selected the sheet size, orientation, and scale you want. The
options you have specified take effect immediately.

Using Comments
Many programs that produce Postscript files have formatting
conventions that enable pages to be processed independently of
each other. These "comments" in the file allow the PostScript
Previewer to more quickly display any page in the file in random
order; the Previewer can display the page that you request,
without processing each previous page. This means that you
can view page five of a file without waiting for the Previewer to
process pages one through four.

10-6 Using the PostScript@ Previewer

The Use Comments option is in effect by default: the PostScript
Previewer uses comments if they are present in the file, and the
option button is shaded. However, the Use Comments option
might occasionally cause you to receive an error message when
you attempt to view a PostScript file. If that occurs, try correcting
the problem by disabling the Use Comments option.

Using Bitmap Widths
The same PostScript file can be either printed or viewed on the
screen, but characters look somewhat different on the printed
page and the screen. The printer has finer resolution (more dots
per inch) than the screen, so that images processed for printing
appear less clear on the screen. Therefore, in order to create
clearer, better readable characters, the PostScript Previewer can
use spacing formulas designed for bitmaps (screen images) instead
of those designed for print.
The Use Bitmap Widths option is off by default. This setting
displays format and layout correctly, with spacing between
characters as it is on the printed page. However, there is some
cost to the readability of actual text; characters might be dense
and difficult to read.
To increase the readability of text, click on the Use Bitmap Widths
option. The display changes immediately, and the option button
is highlighted. Text characters now appear well spaced and are
easily read. However, the page might look slightly different than
it would when printed. For example, columns might be slightly
out of alignment and right justified text might appear instead
with a ragged right margin.
Some PostScript files contains tray size directives. These are
device-specific PostScript programming language instructions that
tell the printer which tray size to use. For example, a file might
contain tray size directives that instruct the printer to switch from
the letter tray (8 1/2 x 11) to the ledger tray (11 x 17) while that
file is being printed.
The Previewer does not, however, permit the addition of tray
size directives to PostScript files in this way. If you try to view
a file that contains PostScript tray size directives, the Previewer
displays an error message. To continue viewing the file:
Press IReturn I to acknowledge the error message.
2

Choose Use Fake Trays on the Options menu.
The Use Fake Trays menu item, which is off by default, is in
effect if its option button is highlighted.

Using the PostScript® Previewer

10-7

Choose Revisit Current from the File menu
The file is redisplayed from the beginning and the tray size
remains the same.

To change the tray size, use the Sheet Selection dialog box.

Watching the Previewer's Progress
The PostScript Previewer usually prepares one page of your
PostScript file at a time and then draws that entire page to the
screen. If you prefer, you can watch the Previewer draw the
display as it progressively translates a page of the PostScript file
into screen images.
The Watch Progress menu item is disabled by default. To watch
the progress of each page translation, click on the Watch Progress
menu item.

Exiting from the PostScript Previewer
To exit from the PostScript Previewer, choose Exit from the File
menu.

10-8 Using the PostScrip1® Previewer

11
Using the Puzzle

••••
••••
••••
•••

The Puzzle is a video version of a number puzzle with slidable
squares .

Starting the Puzzle
To start the Puzzle, choose Puzzle from the Session Manager
Applications menu or enter the following command in a DECterm
window:
% dxpuzzle &

The Puzzle is displayed.

Playing Around with the Puzzle
The puzzle squares are scrambled. The trick is to arrange them
in ascending order in the fewest possible moves. The Puzzle keeps
track of the number of moves you make.

Using the Puzzle

11-1

Click on the square you want to move. Although you can move
only those squares that are adjacent to the blank square, you can
slide an entire row at a time.
To make the Puzzle easier or more challenging, choose the
Settings ... menu item from the Customize menu and change the
settings.
Try increasing the number of squares displayed per side. To

change the number of squares on each side, place the pointer on
the number in the slider and drag to the left or right. Click on the
OK button to change the settings, or the Cancel button to return
to the Puzzle without changing any settings.

Starting a New Game
You do not have to win one game to start another. To start a new
game and rescramble the squares, choose the New Game menu
item from the File menu.

Exiting from the Puzzle
To exit from the Puzzle, choose the Quit menu item from the File
menu.
If you changed the size, settings, or screen position of the Puzzle

and would like to save your changes, choose Save Settings from
the Customize menu before quitting. To restore the default
settings, choose Use System Defaults from the Customize menu.

11-2 Using the Puzzle

A
Composing Characters
In a DECterm window, you can use compose sequences to create
special characters. A compose sequence is a series of keystrokes
that creates characters that do not exist as standard keys on your
keyboard. You can create any character from the character set
DECterm is currently using. (For more information on choosing a
character set, see Chapter 6.)
Depending on the keyboard type, you compose characters in either
of the following ways:
• Using three-stroke sequences on a VT320 keyboard
including the North AmericanlUnited Kingdom, Dutch,
and N orwegianlDanish keyboards.
• U sing two-stroke sequences on other keyboards.
To compose a character:
Find the character you want to create in column 1 of the
following tables.
2

To compose a three-stroke sequence, simultaneously press and
then release I Compose I and the space bar, and type the two
characters in column 2.
To compose a two-stroke sequence, type the two characters in
column 3. The desired character is displayed.

Press the Compose key and space bar, Delete key, Tab key, Return
key, or Enter key to cancel a compose sequence.
Note The North American, United Kingdom, and Dutch keyboards do

not have diacritical marks. If you use a diacritical mark, DECterm
uses an equivalent character.

Composing Characters A-l

Table A-l

Composing Characters in Multinational Character
Mode

Character

Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-Stroke
Sequence

quotation mark

.. space bar

number sign
apostrophe

++
' space bar

'space bar

commercial at

[

opening bracket

( (

backslash

/ / or / <

]

closing bracket

) )

circumflex accent

/\ space bar

/\ space bar
' space bar

I
}

grave accent

' space bar

opening brace

(

vertical line

//\

closing brace

)

tilde

,... space bar

inverted!

cent sign

C / or C I

pound sign

L- or L=

yen sign

Y- or Y=

section sign

SO or S! or SO

currency sign

XO orXO

CO or CO

feminine ordinal

open angle brackets

degree sign

0/\

plus or minus sign
superscript 2

+2/\

superscript 3

3/\

micro sign

paragraph sign

J.l
«j[

,... space bar

(continued on next page)

A-2 Composing Characters

Table A-l (Cont.)

Character

Composing Characters in Multinational
Character Mode
Three-Stroke
Sequence

middle dot

superscript 1

1"
0_

masculine ordinal
»

closed angle
brackets

fraction onequarter

1;2

fraction one-half

inverted?

A
A

A grave
A acute
A circumflex
A tilde
A umlaut
A ring

A'
A'
A"
AA" oroA
A* or AO

A
A
A

Two-Stroke
Sequence

'A
'A
"A
-A
°A

°A

(degree sign)
lE

A E diphthong

C cedilla

E
E
E
it
t
f
I
I
N

E grave

C,
E'

E acute

E circumflex
E umlaut

E"
E" orooE

"E
oOE

I grave

I acute

()

I circumflex

I umlaut

I" or °1

°1

N tilde

N-

-N

o grave
o acute

'0
(continued on next page)

Composing Characters A-3

Table A-l (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Character Mode
Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-Stroke
Sequence

o circumflex
o tilde
o umlaut
o E diphthong
o slash

01\

"0
....0

0" or "0

iT
U

U grave

U acute

U circumflex

U'
UI\

U umlaut
y umlaut

U" or"U
y" or"y

German small
sharp s

a
a

a grave

a acute

a
a

a circumflex
a tilde

a"
a ....

"a
....a

a umlaut

a" or "a

a ring

a* or aO

°a

a e diphthong

c cedilla

c, (comma)

e
e
e

e grave

e acute

e circumflex

e umlaut

e"
e" or "e

Character

6
6
b
<E

OE
0/

'U
'U
"U
"U
"y

(degree sign)

i grave

i acute

i circumflex

i umlaut

i"
i" or "i

'i
,i

,,'

"i
(continued on next page;

A-4 Composing Characters

Table A-l (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Character Mode

Character

Three-Stroke
Sequence

n tilde

o grave

Two-Stroke
Sequence

-n

o acute

o circumflex

o tilde

-0

o umlaut

0" or ··0

··0

o e diphthong

f/J

o slash

u grave

u acute

u circumflex

u umlaut

u" or··u

y umlaut

y" or·y

ISO Latin 1 Charactersl

no break space

sp sp

broken vertical bar

I I or! A

logical not
-,
SHY soft (syllable)

hyphen
RO

registered
trademark
macron

3/4

three quarters

RO
A

34*

division sign

multiplication sign

acute accent

' ,
,,

cedilla

lIn the ISO Latin 1 mode, the characters re, <E, and Y are not available.

(continued on next page)

CompOSing Characters A-5

Table A-l (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Character Mode
Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-Stroke
Sequence

diereses

" "

.. space bar

Yacute

yacute
capital Icelandic
thorn

y'
TH

TH
th

small Icelandic
thorn

-D

capital Icelandic
Eth

-D

-d

small Icelandic Eth

-d

Character

TableA-2

Composing Characters in National Replacement
Mode Using Typewriter Keys

Character

Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-Stroke
Sequence

British
pound sign

grave accent

L- or L=
, space bar

Danish
#

number sign
apostrophe

++
, space bar

commercial at

grave accent

, space bar

(continued on next pagej

A-6 Composing Characters

Table A-2 (Cont.)

Character

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-Stroke
Sequence

Dutch
£

pound sign
apostrophe

L- or L=
, space bar

one quarter

one half

14
12

3/4
ij

three quarters

i j sign

Florin

f, space bar

grave accent
acute accent
diereses

Finnish
#

number sign

apostrophe

, space bar

Flemish and FrenchlBelgian
£

pound sign

L- or L=

apostrophe

, space bar

grave accent

, space bar

French Canadian

a
a

apostrophe

, space bar

a grave

a circumflex

I\a

(continued on next page)

Composing Characters A-7

Table A-2 (Cont.)

Character

e
e

e grave

u grave

u circumflex

e circumflex

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-Stroke
Sequence

'e
"e

Two-Stroke
Sequence
,

i circumflex

,,'I

,,'

o circumflex

"0
,

German/Austrian
apostrophe
grave accent

' space bar
' space bar

Italian
apostrophe

' space bar

Norwegian
apostrophe

' space bar

grave accent

' space bar

Portuguese
apostrophe

' space bar

grave accent

' space bar

A tilde

-A

o tilde

-0

a tilde

-a

o tilde

-0

(continued on next pagej

A-8 Composing Characters

Table A-2 (Cont.)

Character

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-Stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

Spanish
£
§

pound sign

L- or L=

apostrophe

, space bar

section sign
grave accent

!S or OS or OS
, space bar

tilde

- space bar

Swedish
#

number sign

apostrophe

, space bar

E acute

e acute

, e

Swiss (French) and Swiss (German)
apostrophe

' space bar

e circumflex

i circumflex

,,'
I

,,'

o circumflex

"e
I

u grave

u circumflex

Composing Characters A-9

Table A-3

Composing Characters in National Replacement
Mode Using Data Processing Keys

Character

Three-Stroke
Sequence

quotation mark

" space bar

number sign

apostrophe

' space bar

commercial at

aa or AA or aA

[

opening bracket

((

backslash

]

closing bracket

apostrophe

' space bar

opening brace

( -

vertical bar

closing brace

)

tilde character

- space bar

I
}

A-l0 Composing Characters

space bar

B
National Replacement Keyboards
In DECterm, you can pick a National Replacement Keyboard
(NRCS) that corresponds to the chosen keyboard dialect by
choosing the 7-bit NRCS Selection ... menu item from DECterm's
Customize menu.
The following National Replacement Character Sets are available:
North American

Italian

Flemish

Swiss (French)

Canadian (French)

Swiss (German)

British

Swedish

Danish

Norwegian

Finnish

BelgianlFrench

Austrian/German

Spanish

Dutch l

Portuguese

lUse of the Dutch national keyboard is discouraged. It may not be supported in
future versions of DECterm. Dutch users should use the ISO Latin 1 Keyboard
instead.

The following figures illustrate the corresponding keyboards.
Figure B-1 illustrates the North American Keyboard.
Figure B-2 illustrates the Flemish Keyboard.
Figure B-3 illustrates the Canadian (French) Keyboard.
Figure B-4 illustrates the British Keyboard.
Figure B-5 illustrates the Danish Keyboard.
Figure B-6 illustrates the Finnish Keyboard.

National Replacement Keyboards

8-1

Figure B-7 illustrates the Austrian/German Keyboard.
Figure B-8 illustrates the Dutch Keyboard.
Figure B-9 illustrates the Italian Keyboard.
Figure B-10 illustrates the Swiss (French) Keyboard.
Figure B-11 illustrates the Swiss (German) Keyboard.
Figure B-12 illustrates the Swedish Keyboard.
Figure B-13 illustrates the Norwegian Keyboard.
Figure B-14 illustrates the BelgianlFrench Keyboard.
Figure B-15 illustrates the Spanish Keyboard.
Figure B-16 illustrates the Portuguese Keyboard.

B-2

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F13
(LF)

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Switch
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FlO

Fl1
(ESC)

F14

--- -

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Lock

Compose

Wait

F17

F18

F19

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PF2

PF3

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Index
A
Alarm settings, 2-5
ASCII files
displaying, 5-1

B
Bitmap, 9-3
Bitmap widths
viewing PostScript files using,
Buffer, 8-3

c
Calculator
accumulator display, 1-1
copying to clipboard, 1-5
correcting mistakes, 1-3
exiting from, 1-6
illustrated, 1-2
memory display, 1-1
order of precedence, 1-4
pasting from clipboard, 1-6
starting, 1-1
using, 1-2
Calendar
creating multiple, 2-1
multiple, 2-12
sharing, 2-12

10-7

Calendar (cont'd.)
starting application, 2-2
using the clock in, 2-10
Card
adding to card file, 3-3
opening existing in card file, 3-5
renaming in card file, 3-7
selecting in card file, 3-5
Card file
illustrated, 3-2
opening existing, 3-3
opening new, 3-2,3-3
renaming, 3-11
saving existing, 3-11
saving new, 3-11
searching, 3-5
Cardfiler
exiting, 3-13
starting, 3-2
Card files
merging, 3-12
Card File window
viewing with scroll bar, 3-5
CDA Viewer
changing processing options, 5-3
closing files with, 5-5
exiting, 5-5
illustrated, 5-2
starting, 5-1
viewing files with, 5-2

Index-l

Character composing, 6-20, A-I
Clock
using Calendar's
customizing display, 4-2
exiting, 4-4
setting alarm, 4-3
starting, 4-1
Comments (PostScript), 10-6
CREATE/TERMINAL command, 6-1

o
Day view, 2-2
DDIF (DIGITAL Document Interchange
Format)
defined, 5-1
DDIF file
closing after viewing, 5-5
viewing, 5-2
DDIF file type, 9-3
DECterm
composing characters, 6-20, A-I
copying information, 6-1S
customizing, 6-2, 6-3
options, 6-3
display
customizing, 6-5
exiting from, 6-20
general features
customizing, 6-7
graphics
customizing, 6-15
keyboard
customizing, 6-13
National Replacement Character Set
choosing, 6-14
National Replacement Keyboard,
B-1
option
Angle Brackets Key Sends <>,
6-14
Angle Brackets Key Sends '-,
6-14
Appl Cursor Keys, 6-S
Application Keypad, 6-S

Index-2

DECterm
option (cont'd.)
Auto Driver Resize, 6-4
Auto Repeat, 6-13
Auto Resize Terminal, 6-3
Auto Resize Window, 6-3
Auto Wrap, 6-6
Batch Scroll _ Lines, 6-6
Big Font, 6-4
S-Bit Multinational Characters,
6-11
7-Bit NRCS Characters, 6-11
_ Bit Planes, 6-16
Block Cursor, 6-6
Comma Key Sends '" 6-14
Comma Key Sends ,<, 6-14
Condensed Font, 6-4
Ctrl-Q, Ctrl-S = Hold, 6-13
Cursor Blink, 6-6
Dark Text, Light Background,
6-6
Delete Key, 6-13
Delete Key Backspace, 6-13
Display Cursor, 6-6
Enable Backing Store, 6-16
Horizontal Cursor Coupling, 6-5
Horizontal Scroll Bar, 6-5
Host Status Display, 6-6
Icon Name, 6-4
Light Text, Dark Background,
6-6
Little Font, 6-4
Lock UDKs, 6-7
Lock User Features, 6-S
Margin Bell, 6-13
Newline, 6-7
Normal/SO, Condensedl132, 6-4
Normal Cursor Keys, 6-S
Normal Font, 6-4
No Status Display, 6-6
Numeric Keypad, 6-S
Record Lines Off Top, 6-5
Record _ Lines Off Top, 6-6
Report Macrograph Contents,
6-16

DECterm
option (cont'd.)
Share Color Map Entries, 6-16
Terminal ID, 6-8
Terminal Size, 6-4
Tilde Key Sends ESC, 6-14
Tilde Key Sends '-, 6-14
Underline Cursor, 6-7
UPSS DEC Supplemental, 6-8
UPSS ISO Latin 1, 6-10
Vertical Cursor Coupling, 6-5
Vertical Scroll Bar, 6-5
VT100 Mode, 6-12
VT300 Mode, 8-bit Controls,
6-12
VT300 Terminal Mode, 7-Bit
Controls, 6-12
VT52 Mode, 6-12
Warning Bell, 6-13
Window Title, 6-4
restoring customized settings, 6-17
restoring system settings, 6-17
saving customized settings, 6-17
DECterm window
creating, 6-1

F
Files
ASCII
displaying, 5-1
DDIF
displaying, 5-1
Font
changing in Notepad,

Index topic
changing,

8-14

3-7

K
Keyboard
choosing NRCS,

6-14, B-1

M
Mail
Create-Send window
described, 7-4
illustrated, 7-3
opening, 7-3
exiting, 7-15
folders
creating, 7-11
deleting, 7-11
described, 7-2
main window
illustrated, 7-1
opening a new, 7-15
Read window
closing, 7-8
described, 7-7
illustrated, 7-7
opening, 7-7
starting, 7-1
Mail message
copying, 7-12
creating, 7-3
including a draft, 7-5
including a file, 7-5
creating a subset of, 7-13
creating files from a, 7-10
deleting, 7-10
extracting, 7-10
forwarding, 7-9
moving, 7-12
picking, 7-13
printing, 7-10
reading, 7-7
reading new messages, 7-7
replying to, 7-9
retrieving deleted, 7-11
selecting, 7-6
sending, 7-3, 7-4
Mail messages
sorting, 7-12
Memory display
calculator, 1-4

Index-3

N
Notepad
cancelling edits, 8-5
changing font, 8-14
exiting, 8-16
filing text, 8-10
filling text, 8-8
filtering text, 8-9
formatting text, 8-3,8-9
key bindings for, 8-2
navigating, 8-4
opening a new one, 8-10
recovering lost edits, 8-15
replacing text, 8-13
scrolling, 8-3
searching for text, 8-12
selecting text, 8-4
sorting text, 8-8
splitting views, 8-13
starting, 8-1
typing text, 8-3

o
Orientation
of PostScript Previewer display,
10-6

p
Paint
exiting, 9-21
starting, 9-2
Paintbrush tool, 9-13
Painting
changing line width, 9-7, 9-8
changing scale, 9-14
copying images, 9-14
erasing, 9-6
inserting text, 9-19
inverting colors, 9-5
magnifying, 9-17
moving images, 9-14
opening graphics file, 9-3

Index-4

Painting (cont'd.)
printing, 9-6
saving, 9-6
selecting an image, 9-13
sizing the canvas, 9-20
using a grid, 9-7
Paint window
clearing, 9-6
scrolling the canvas, 9-20
Pattern
adding to painting, 9-10
creating your own, 9-12
using, 9-7, 9-10
Pixel, 9-3
PostScript file
handling tray size directives in, 10-7
paging through a, 10-4
viewing, 10-2
PostScript Previewer
changing page size of display, 10-5
customizing, 10-5
exiting, 10-8
illustrated, 10-1
opening files with, 10-2
paging through file with, 10-4
scaling display, 10-6
starting, 10-1
using comments, 10-6
viewing files for content with, 10-7
viewing files for form with, 10-7
watching progress of, 10-8
Puzzle
changing settings, 11-2
exiting, 11-2
starting, 11-1

R
Repeat intervals, 2-7
Reposition
Calendar display, 2-23
Resize
Calendar display, 2-23
Calendar entry, 2-5

Scale
of PostScript Previewer display,
10-6
Scaled widths
viewing PostScript files using, 10-7
Scroll bar
using in the Cardfiler, 3-5
Structured comments (PostScript),
10-6

Zoom,

9-17

T
Terminal emulator
creating, 6-1
Text
copying, 8-7
copying in card file, 3-9
deleting in card file, 3-8
filtering in Notepad, 8-9
finding in card file, 3-5
in a painting, 9-19
including, 8-8
moving, 8-6
moving in card file, 3-8
selecting, 8-4
selecting in card file, 3-7
Text cursor
moving in card file, 3-7
Today menu item, 2-2
Tool
choosing in Paint, 9-4
drawing lines and shapes, 9-5
summary of Paint palette, 9-22
using shapes in Paint, 9-7
Transparent background, 9-9

w
Window
creating DECterm, 6-1
customizing DECterm, 6-2

Index-5

How to Order Additional Documentation

Technical Support
If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs, call 800-343-4040

before placing your electronic, telephone, or direct mail order.

Electronic Orders
To place an order at the Electronic Store, dial 800-DEC-DEMO (800-332-3366) using a
1200- or 2400-baud modem. If you need assistance using the Electronic Store, call
800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825).

Telephone and Direct Mail Orders
Your Location

Call

Contact

Continental USA,
Alaska, or Hawaii

800-DIGITAL

Digital Equipment Corporation
P.O. Box CS2008
Nashua, New Hampshire 03061

Puerto Rico

809-754-7575

Local Digital Subsidiary

Canada

800-267-6215

Digital Equipment of Canada
Attn: DECdirect Operations KA02j2
P.O. Box 13000
100 Herzberg Road
Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2A6

International

Local Digital subsidiary or
approved distributor

Internal *

SSB Order Processing - WMO/E15
or
Software Supply Business
Digital Equipment Corporation
Westminster, Massachusetts 01473

* For internal orders, you must submit an Internal Software Order Form (EN-01740-07).

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DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide
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