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Document:	ULTRIX Worksystem Software DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide
Order Number:	AA-MA88A-TE
Revision:	0
Pages:	185
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OCR Text

ULTRIX
Worksystem Software

DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide

Order Number: AA-MA88A-TE

ULTRIX Worksystem Software
DeCwindows Desktop Applications Guide

Order No. M-MA88A-TE

ULTRIX Worksystem Software, Version 2.0

Digital Equipment Corporation

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be
construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation
assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or
copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not
supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

DEC
DECnet
DECUS
DECwindows
MicroVAX

ULTRIX
ULTRIX-ll
ULTRIX-32
VAX
VAX statio n

VMS
VT
XUI
ULTRIX W orksystem Software
~DmDama

UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the USA and other countries.
X Window System is a trademark of MIT.
This manual was written and produced by the Corporate User Publications group in Nashua,
New Hampshire.

Production Note
This book was produced with the VAX DOCUMENT electronic
publishing system, a software tool developed and sold by
DIGITAL. In this system, writers use an ASCII text editor to
create source files containing text and English-like code; this code
labels the structural elements of the document, such as chapters,
paragraphs, and tables. The VAX DOCUMENT software, which
runs on the VMS operating system, interprets the code to format
the text, generate a table of contents and index, and paginate the
entire document. Writers can print the document on the terminal
or line printer, or they can use DIGITAL-supported devices, such
as the LN03 laser printer and PostScript printers (PrintServer
40 or LN03R ScriptPrinter), to produce a typeset-quality copy
containing integrated graphics.

Contents
'bout This Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Calculator
Starting the Calculator .................................
Operating the Calculator ....................
Performing Arithmetic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storing Values in Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text with the Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
!

•

1-1
1-2
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-6

2 Using the Calendar
Starting the Calendar ......................... . . . . . . . . .
Moving Around Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating an Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Size of a Timeslot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Alarms ....................................
Deleting an Entry ..................................
Making Repeat Entries ..............................
Moving an Entry from One Timeslot to Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing the Clock in the Day Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking Special Days ......................... . . . . . . . . .
Printing a Part of a Calendar ............................
Working with Multiple Calendars ................ . . . . . . . . .
Creating a New Calendar ............................
Opening an Existing Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renaming an Existing Calendar .......................
Closing a Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-2
2-2
2-3
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-12
2-13

Deleting a Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving Customized Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Shape of a Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-13
2-14
2-16
2-17
2-17

3 Using the Cardfiler
Starting the Cardfiler ..................................
Adding a Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing the Contents of a Card File .......................
Opening an Existing Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling Through a Card File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing a Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renaming a Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving the Text Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Incorporating Graphics ..............................
Opening a Card File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving a Card File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merging Card Files .................................
Exiting from the Cardfiler . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-2
3-2
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12

4 Using the Clock
Starting the Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Clock Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting the Alarm ..................................
Exiting from the Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4

5 Using the DDIF Viewer
Starting the DDIF Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing DDIF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing Processing Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Closing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from the DDIF Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-1
5-2
5-4
5-4
5-5

6 Using DECterm
Creating a DECterm Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing DECterm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing General Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing a Keyboard .............................
Choosing a National Replacement Character Set. . . . . . . . . . .
Saving and Restoring Customized Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Information ...................................
Altering DECterm Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from DECterm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Composing Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1
6-2
6-3
6-6
6-8
6-13
6-17
6-30
6-32
6-32
6-33
6-33

7 Using Mail
Starting Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending Messages .....................................
Sending a Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving a Draft of a Message ..........................
Resuming Work on a Draft Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Including a File in a Message .........................
Selecting Messages ....................................
Reading Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading aNew Message .............................
Displaying a List of New Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading an Old Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Read Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replying to Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forwarding Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating a File from a Mail Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting and Retrieving Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Working with Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating New Folders ...............................
Deleting Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving and Copying Messages to Another Folder . . . . . . . . . .
Renumbering and Sorting Messages ....................
Picking Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening a New Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from Mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-1
7-3
7-3
7-5
7-5
7-5
7-7
7-7
7-7
7-9
7-9
7-9
7-10
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-12
7-13
7-13
7-13
7-13
7-14
7-14
7-17
7-18

vii

8 Using the Notepad Editor
Starting the Notepad Editor .............................
'I)rping Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Formatting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling the Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceling an Edit ..................................
Moving Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text ................................ . . . . . .
Including an Existing File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving Text in a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening a Second Notepad ..............................
Opening an Existing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merging Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Text from One Notepad to Another ..............
Searching for Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from an Editing Session ..........................
Using Journal Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-1
8-2
8-3
8-3
8-3
8-3
8-4
8-4
8-4
8-5
8-5
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-7
8-8
8-8
8-9
8-10
8-10
8-11

9 Using Paint
Starting Paint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Learning the Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Picking Out Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Menu Items ...............................
Saving a Painting ..................................
Printing a Painting ........................... . . . . . .
Erasing .............................................
Drawing Lines and Shapes ..............................
Varying Line Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Your Own Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Paintbrush. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Paintings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Images ...................................
Moving Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resizing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cropping a Picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing in Detail ............................. . . . . . .

viii

9-2
9-2
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-6
9-7
9-7
9-9
9-11
9-13
9-14
9-15
9-15
9-15
9-15
9-16
9-17
9-17

Inserting Text ........................................
Sizing the Canvas .....................................
Exiting from Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-19
9-20
9-21
9-21

lOUsing the PostScript Previewer
Starting the PostScript Previewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing PostScript Files ................................
Paging Through the Displayed File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revisiting the Current File ..............................
Customizing the PostScript Previewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Page Size and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Bitmap Widths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing Fake Trays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using VAX DOCUMENT Mode ........................
Exiting from the PostScript Previewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-1
10-2
10-4
10-4
10-5
10-5
10-7
10-7
10-8
10-8
10-9

11 Puzzling
Starting the Puzzle ....................................
Playing Around with the Puzzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting a New Game ..................................
Exiting from the Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-1
11-2
11-3
11-3

Austrian/German Character Set .......................... .
The Dutch Character Set ................................ .
The Italian Character Set ............................... .
The Swiss (French) Character Set ......................... .
The Swiss (German) Character Set ........................ .
The Swedish Character Set .............................. .
The Norwegian Character Set ............................ .
The BeligianIFlemish ................................... .
The BeligianlFrench Character Set ........................ .
The Spanish Character Set .............................. .

6-19
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-23

Index
Figures
6-1
6-2
6-3

6-4
6-5
6-6

6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10

6-24
6-25
6-26

6-27
6-28

6-11
8-1

9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5

The Portuguese Character Set ............................ .
The New Notepad ..................................... .
The Clock Tower ...................................... .
Drawing Simple Shapes ................................. .
Drawing Aids ......................................... .
The Patterns Palette ................................... .
Adding Text .......................................... .

6-29
8-7
9-4
9-8
9-9
9-12
9-20

Composing Characters in Multinational Characters Mode ....... .
Composing Characters in National Replacement Mode Using
'ry'pewriter Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Composing Characters in National Replacement Mode Using Data
Processing Keys ....................................... .
Pick Dialog Box Fields .................................. .
Tool Summary ........................................ .

6-34

Tables
6-1
6-2
6-3

7-1
9-1

6-39
6-42
7-16
9-22

About This Guide

Purpose of This Guide
This guide describes the ULTRIX DECwindows Version 1.0
Desktop Applications.

Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is intended for all ULTRIX DECwindows users. This
guide assumes the user has read the DECwindows User's Guide to
become familiar with DECwindows terms and the techniques for
manipulating windows. In addition, the user should have some
experience using the DECwindows Session Manager and User
Executive applications.

Structure of This Guide
This draft includes the following chapters:
• Chapter 1-Using the Calculator
• Chapter 2-Using the Calendar
• Chapter 3-Using the Cardfiler
• Chapter 4-Using the Clock
• Chapter 5-Using DECterm
• Chapter 6-Using the DDIF Viewer
• Chapter 7-Using Mail
• Chapter 8-Using the Notepad Editor
• Chapter 9-Using Paint

•

Chapter 10-Using the PostScript Previewer

•

Chapter II-Puzzling

Conventions
mouse

The term mouse refers to any
pointing device, such as a mouse,
a puck, or a stylus.

MBI, MB2, and MB3

MBI indicates the left mouse
button. MB2 indicates the middle
mouse button, and MB3 indicates
the right mouse button. (The
buttons can be redefined by the
user.)

PBI,PB2,PB3,PB4

PBI, PB2, PB3, and PB4 indicate
buttons on the puck.

SBI,SB2

SBI and SB2 indicate buttons on
the stylus.
A sequence such as ICtrl/x I
indicates that you must hold down
the key labeled Ctrl while you
press another key or a pointing
device button.
A sequence such as ~ indicates
that you must first press and
release the key labeled PFI, then
press and release another key or a
pointing device button.

IDelete I

xii

A key name is shown enclosed to
indicate that you press a key on
the keyboard.

In examples, a horizontal ellipsis
indicates one of the following
possibilities:
•

Additional optional arguments in a statement have
been omitted.

•

The preceding item or items
can be repeated one or more
times.

•

Additional parameters,
values, or other information
can be entered.

A vertical ellipsis indicates the
omission of items from a code
example or command format; the
items are omitted because they
are not important to the topic
being discussed.

xiii

1
Using the Calculator

-x
+•
•

The Calculator performs simple arithmetic functions-addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division-and computes percentages
and square roots. Unlike a handheld calculator, it has two
displays. The top display is the accumulator, which shows the
number being entered or the current result, and the bottom
display is the memory.
This chapter describes how to
•

Start the calculator

• Enter data
• Perform arithmetic functions
• Use the memory
• Transfer data to or from the clipboard
• Exit from the calculator

Starting the Calculator
To start the Calculater, choose the Calculator menu item from
UE's Applications menu.
A small calculator is displayed on your screen. You can move and
change the size of the Calculator window as you wish.

Using the Calculator

1-1

Nml

Calculator

File

Edit

Help

ZK-010BA-GE

Operating the Calculator
You can use Calculator with either the mouse or the keyboard.
With the mouse, point to the appropriate button and click MB1.
With the keyboard, enter the numbers 0 to 9 from the main
keyboard or the keypad. Press the Shift key to enter the
arithmetic functions (+, -, *, /, %, =) on the main keyboard.
From the keypad, the pressing the following keys produces the
corresponding function:

1-2 Using the Calculator

Press...

To Produce ...

PFI
PF2
PF3
PF4

comma key

..;a;b

*
%

Enter or Do

FI7
FIB
FI9
F20

Me
MR
M+
M-

Accumulator
Clear

Clear AcclJmuliator-,

Memory

Subtract Contents
of Accumulator
from Memory
Add Contents
of Accumulator
to Memory
Add Contents
of Memory
to Accumulator

When you enter data into the accumulator, notice that Calculator
uses a decimal point to distinguish between random digits and an
operand. See what happens as you enter the following data:
Enter 1134 and notice that no decimal point appears in the
accumulator.
2

Enter a plus sign (+). Calculator inserts a decimal point after
the digits 1134 to signify the completion of an operand.

Depending on the contents of the accumulator, you can use one of
the following methods to correct mistakes in computation:
• Press the Delete key to erase the last digits entered in the
accumulator.

Using the Calculator 1-3

•

Click on the CE button to void the last operand entered.

•

Choose the Undo menu item from the Edit menu to reverse
the last operation, for example, to restore the last operand or
to remove the previous paste operation.

Performing Arithmetic Functions
Calculator displays numbers in the range of plus or minus
999,999,999. It performs all calculations in left to right order and
treats operators with equal importance.
For example, to evaluate the equation 6 + 5 * 3:
Find the sum of 6 + 5.
Calculator displays an 11.
2

Find the product of 11 * 3.
The result is 33.

Also note the way Calculator computes percentages. For example,
to determine 6 percent of 195:
Enter 195.
Calculator displays the digits in the accumulator.
2

Enter * and Calculator inserts a decimal point.

Enter 6.
The number 6 is displayed in the accumulator.

Enter %.
The result, 11.7, is displayed in the accumulator.

Storing Values in Memory
Use the memory display to store results and values for later
computation. The figure in memory starts out as zero. You can
add the contents of the accumulator to memory or subtract the
contents of the accumulator from memory, using the M+ and
M- buttons respectively. To enter the contents of memory into
the accumulator, click on the MR button. Clear the contents of
memory with the MC button.

1-4

Using the Calculator

Copying Text with the Calculator
You can copy numbers from other applications into the
Calculator's accumulator and from the Calculator accumulator or
memory into another application.
Use the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to transfer data
from the active display in the Calculator window to another
application window. For example:
Click on the accumulator display.
2

Enter a number into the accumulator.

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu. Or, for
greater speed, press and hold MB2 to display a pop-up menu
and choose the Copy menu item.

Now you can paste the data from the clipboard to another
application window.
Use the Paste menu item from the Edit menu to copy data from
the clipboard. This data can be copied directly from another
window, or it can be the result of an equation copied from another
window. Calculator treats the contents of a paste operation just
as if you typed in the data from the keyboard yourself.

Calculator

File

Edit

IPJJml
Help

99537.6

I'F===....---I

I Me II

11.71

1l=====---IIIIIOIlM1!J [B±] 1M-I

w 111[]111 00
G~
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~ COD GlJ

ZK-0111A-GE

Using the Calculator

1-5

Exiting trom the Calculator
To exit from the Calculator, choose the Quit menu item from the
File menu.

1-6 Using the Calculator

2
Using the Calendar

.:-

Oct
4

The Calendar combines the functions of a desktop calendar and
an appointment book to help you keep track of your meetings and
plan your time. The Calendar enables you to look at a year or
month display, or to review your scheduled appointments a day at
a time.
You can also create several different calendars to use for specific
purposes. For example, you could create one calendar to keep
track of your personal enagagements, and another calendar
to be used by a group of people to schedule conference room
reservations.
This chapter describes how to
• Move around Calendar
• Create and delete entries
• Set alarms and repeat entries
• Move entries
• Use Calendar's clock
• Mark special days
• Print part of a calendar
• Work with multiple calendars
•

Create, rename, and delete a calendar

• Customize a calendar

Using the Calendar 2-1

Starting the Calendar
To start the Calendar, choose the Calendar menu item from UE's
Applications menu.
The month display appears on your screen.

Cale ndat": /USt"/staff/t"O/jeatl ne/.dxcale t~b!J16iI
Help
Fi Ie Edit View Tinles lot Options

£)

()etobel", 1988
V·lk

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Tue.

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11LU.

Fri

Sa.t

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2!3

:30

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The month display shows the current month and year, with the
days in the month arranged by week in rows. The current day has
a box around it.

Moving Around Calendar
Calendar has three main displays: the month display, the day
display, and the year display, which looks like 12 small month
displays set out in a 4 by 3 matrix.
Scroll bars allow you to move backwards and forwards within a
display, for example, to look at a future or a previous month when
you are in a month display.
To move from one type of display to another, double click on the
appropriate item in the current display. For example, double
clicking on one of the days visible in the month display opens the
day display. Alternately, double clicking on a month in the year
display opens the display for that month.

2-2 Using the Calendar

From the View menu, you can choose the Selected, Today, Day,
Month, and Year menu items. Choosing the Today menu item
displays the current day. To choose the Selected, Day, Month, and
Year menu items, you must first select a day.

:reating an Entry
By double clicking on a particular day, you can open a display
that shows timeslots from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Use the scroll
bars to display timeslots earlier or later than the times shown.
You can type entries, such as an appointment, directly into the
timeslots. Or, by using the timeslot editor, you can type longer
entries, activate alarms to remind you of appointments, and cause
messages to repeat at regular intervals.
To record a short entry directly into a day display:
1

Display the day in which you want to make the entry.

Click (and drag to resize, if necessary) on the desired time in
the day display.

Enter the text in the timeslot.

Click on the time again.
When a day has at least one entry in it, its day number
changes from a normal font (nn) to an italic font (nn)
wherever it is displayed. You can then distinguish between
days containing appointments and free days in the month and
year displays.

To create a longer entry using the timeslot editor:
Click on the desired timeslot in the day display.

Using the Calendar 2-3

Choose the Edit... menu item from the Timeslot menu or
double click on the desired timeslot.
The timeslot editor is displayed:
~I Cale ndar: /usr/staff/rO/jean ne/.dxcalendar.dwc ~I@]
File

Edit

View

Timeslot

Novembe.r, 1988

Octobe.r, 1988
VIl> Slln Men Top. V;.'~li TtLI.\ F1i

Help

Options

S~t

39
1
40 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
41 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
42 16 17 1819 m21 22
43 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
44 30 31

V·,'h
44
4.5
46
47
48

SI.ln IYI(,n TI.I.~ '~,7r.oi TtLU Fli

S~t.

1 2 3 4 5
13 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 1!~
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
i

1<) I

C> I

Thursday the 20th of October, 1988
6

8:00am
-309:00
-3010:00
-3011 :00
-3012:00pm
-301 :00
-302:00
-303:00
-304:00
-305:00
-30-

I Pt'ev io us Day I I lO:02pln

2-4 Using the Calendar

I NeKt Day I

Enter the text and adjust the alarms and repeat intervals as
required (see the sections Setting Alarms and Making Repeat
Entries).
The timeslot editor uses standard DECwindows editing
commands.

Click on the OK button to confirm the entry and to dismiss
the timeslot editor.

If you exit the editor without having entered any text, or if
you delete all the text describing a previous entry, the timeslot
remains unscheduled.

Changing the Size of a Timeslot
To change the size of an entry, press MBl on the time you want to
use as a starting point and drag the top edge of the timeslot up,
or the bottom edge of the timeslot down. The timeslot is redrawn
to the new size.
You can use this method to reduce or expand the time allocated
for an entry. If you reduce the size of a timeslot, some text may
no longer fit in the display, but it is not lost. The text reappears if
you expand the timeslot again.

Setting Alarms
The timeslot editor allows you to set alarms for an entry, which
cause an alarm to ring and a message to be displayed at the
times you specify. You can set alarms to ring at one or all of the
following times:
• At entry time
• 1 to 15 minutes before the time you specified for the entry
• 1 to 60 minutes before the time you specified for the entry
• 1 to 24 hours before the time you specified for the entry
To set one or more alarms:
Click on the desired timeslot in the day display.
2

Choose the Edit... menu item from the Timeslot menu. The
timeslot editor is displayed.

Write the entry if you have not already done so.

Click on the toggle button to set an alarm.
By default, alarms ring 5 minutes before the entry time and
at the entry time.

Using the Calendar 2-5

Move the arrow in the scale to adjust to the time you want.

Click on the OK button to save the settings and to dismiss the
timeslot editor.

Deleting an Entry
To remove or clear the contents of a timeslot:
Click on the timeslot in the day display that contains the
entry you want to delete.
2

Choose the Edit... menu item from the Timeslot menu. The
timeslot editor is displayed.

Click on the Delete Entry button.
A dialog box is displayed, asking you to confirm that you want
to delete the entry.

Click on Yes to confirm that you want to delete the entry.

Making Repeat Entries
Often, entries in a calendar are regular events. Calendar makes it
easy to schedule these events by allowing you to specify the time
interval at which the entry should be repeated.
You can repeat an entry at the following intervals:
• None
•

Daily

• Weekly
• Every fortnight (two weeks)
• Every four weeks
These settings are made from the timeslot editor. To set a repeat
interval for an entry:
Click on the timeslot in the day display that has the first
occurrence of the entry.
2

Choose the Edit... menu item from the Timeslot menu. The
timeslot editor is displayed.

Write the entry if you have not already done so.

Choose the repeat interval you want by clicking on the
appropriate option button.
You can only choose one repeat interval at a time. The preset
option is None.

2-6 Using the Calendar

Click on the OK button to save the settings and to dismiss the
timeslot editor.

If you change or delete an entry that is repeated, a dialog box is
displayed, asking if you want to make the change or deletion in
just this instance, from this point on, or every time, including past
instances.

~oving an Entry from One Timeslot to Another
You can copy or move the entire contents of an entry, or just a
piece of text, to another timeslot. If you select the time, then
any alarms or repeat intervals associated with the entry are
transferred, along with the text, to the new timeslot. Selecting
just the text from the timeslot transfers just the text.
To move an entry from one timeslot to another:
Display the day that has the timeslot you want to move.
2

To select the entire entry from a timeslot, click on the time.
To copy just a piece of text, select it by clicking and dragging
the pointer over the portion of text you want.

Choose the Cut or Copy menu item from the Edit menu.
If you want the entry to remain in the original timeslot,
choose the Copy menu item. If you want to delete the entry
from the original timeslot, use the Cut menu item.

If you are moving the entry to a different day, display the new
day.

Click on the time to which you want to move or copy the entry
or text.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu to insert the
entry or text in the new location.

If you are moving the whole entry (time and text) and you want
to move it to the same time on a different day, you do not have to
display the new day. Mer selecting the desired day in the month
display, choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu. This
causes the entry to be inserted on that day, at the same time.

Using the Calendar 2-7

Using the Clock in the Day Display
The Clock provides a digital display of the current time. If
you click on the clock, the timeslots visible in the day display
adjust so that the first timeslot contains the time in the current
increment that directly precedes the actual time. For example, if
the timeslots in the day display are set to be in half hour intervah
and you click on the clock at 10:57, the day display will adjust so
that the first time slot contains the time 10:30. If the day display
is not displaying the current day, .clicking on the clock causes the
day display to return to the current day.
As a timeslot passes, it is scrolled off the top of the display. Thus
the display is kept as current as possible. This is convenient if
you significantly reduce the size of the day display, because it
keeps the most immediate timeslots in view.
To stop this automatic scrolling, move the timeslot by any other
method, such as adjusting the scroll bar.
If you are making an entry in a timeslot when it is due to be
scrolled, it does not disappear. The scroll mechanism waits until
the next interval is over and then catches up.
The Show AMlPM customizing option allows you to choose
between a 12-hour and 24-hour clock. Whichever clock you choose
is reflected by all Calendar-displayed times and clocks.

Marking Special Days
You can mark days of particular importance, such as major project
milestones, holidays, or birthdays. Marking particular days alters
the display font so that those days can be distinguished from
other days in the various Calendar displays.
To mark a day:
1

Select the desired day from any of the Calendar displays.

Pull down the Options menu and drag the pointer to the
submenu icon next to the Mark menu item to view the
submenu.
Whichever menu item is currently in use for the selected day
is dimmed in the submenu.

2-8 Using the Calendar

Choose the desired menu item from the Mark submenu:
Choose

To Produce

Work Day

Bold font

NonworkDay

Standard Calendar font

Special

Bold, larger font; on color workstations, displayed
in red font

Default

The standard Calendar font the day had before it
was previously marked with Work Day, Nonwork
Day, or Special menu item.

The day is now marked in the specified manner.

Printing a Part of a Calendar
You can print a timeslot entry or all of the entries in a day or a
week.
To print a part of a Calendar display:
Display the day that relates to the entry or entries you want
printed.
For example, if you are printing a timeslot, display the day
that contains the timeslot. If you are printing the entries in
a day, display the day itself; to print the entries in a week,
display a day that falls in that week.
2

Click on the time, day number, or week number, as
appropriate.

Choose the Print... menu item from the File menu.
Calendar displays a dialog box.

Using the Calendar 2-9

Thunday the 20th of October, 1988
From: 1:30Plll
To: 2:00pm
Output File Name

L.::..I1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11

@l Create New Fi Ie

o Append to File

n
o Limit lines per entt·y L::·:::·::J:rL·::::::::·:::::......................................·::·]
.~

Lines r~~f pntry-

I Cancel I
The dialog box shows the time period you have selected and
provides a default name for the file to be sent to the printer. I
also enables you to limit the number of lines you want printe(
per entry by clicking on the Limit Lines Per Entry option and
moving the arrow in the scale to set the desired limit.
4

Change the default name provided by the dialog box if you
want, and then confirm your request by clicking on the OK
button.
The requested section (timeslot, day, or week) is copied to the
named file, and the file sent to the printer.

Working with Multiple Calendars
You can create, open, save, print, and delete calendars. You
can create different calendars to use for specific purposes. For
example, you could designate some calendars for your personal
use and other calendars for use by a group.
You can use the Open... menu item from Calendar's File menu,
to open a calendar even if you do not have privileges to modify it.
This makes it possible to use a calendar for informal sharing of
information. For example, a group secretary can create a calenda:
for events of group-wide interest, so that everyone on a team can
see when group activities are going on. Only one person at a time
can write in this calendar, and the calendar cannot be read while
it is being modified. If no one is modifying the file, an unlimited
number of people can read it simultaneously.

2-10 Using the Calendar

Creating a New Calendar
To create a new calendar:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu. Calendar
displays a dialog box.
File filter

I::t.*
Fi les in /usr/stafflrO/jean ne/

Filter
Ok

Cancel

'r-1

<) I

1(: D

Selection

If
2

Type a unique file name for the new calendar in the Selection
text entry field, and click on the OK button. The default file
type is DWC.
A dialog box is displayed, asking if the calendar currently
being displayed should be removed before displaying the new
calendar, or if you want to keep both calendars on the screen
at the same time. Click on Replace or New to make your
choice.

Calendar asks if you want to create a new file. Click on Yes to
create a new calendar.

By default, the new calendar is presented in a month display
containing the current day.
The calendar file name can always be changed again (see the
section Renaming an Existing Calendar).

Using the Calendar 2-11

Opening an Existing Calendar
To open an existing calendar:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.
Calendar displays a dialog box that prompts you for the name
of the calendar you want to open. The file list box lists the
names of any calendar files in the current directory; that is,
files that have the type DWC.
2

Select the file name you want to view and click on OK.
If you want to open a calendar file that is not listed, type the
name of that file in the Selection text entry field and click on
the OK button. Or, use the File Filter text entry field to list a
subset of files that you can then select from. For example, to
list all files in another directory with the file type DWC, type
the complete directory specification-/jones/staffl*.dwc-in the
File Filter text entry field and click on the Filter button. Then
double click on the file name of the calendar you want to open.
A dialog box is displayed, asking if the calendar currently
being displayed should be removed before displaying the new
calendar, or if you want to keep both calendars on the screen
at the same time. Click on New or Remove to make your
choice.
If you specify the name of a calendar which you are not
allowed to read, the Open operation fails and a message box is
displayed, explaining the cause of the failure.

The calendar is opened.

Renaming an Existing Calendar
To rename the current calendar, choose the Name As... menu item
from the File menu.
A dialog box is displayed:
New File Name

a..:.:.n_ _ _ _ _ _ __

I Cancel I
ZK-0238A-GE

2-12 Using the Calendar

Type in the new calendar name. Calendar supplies the file type
DWC by default. You can only rename calendars in which you are
allowed to write.

Closing a Calendar
Choose the Close menu item from the File menu to close the
current calendar.

Deleting a Calendar
Choose the Delete... menu item from the File menu to delete a
calendar. Calendar displays a dialog box, asking whether you
really want to delete the calendar. If you do not have sufficient
privileges to delete the specified calendar, an error message is
displayed.

USing the Calendar 2-13

Customizing a Calendar
Many different features can be changed to customize the
appearance and behavior of the various displays presented
by the Calendar. All of these changes are made by selecting iteme
from the Options menu.
Calendar displays a dialog box.

calendar Settings

First Day
of Week

@ -----

Work
Week

0 Sunday

o ----- !jJ Mo nday

o ----- !jJ Tuesday
o ----- !jJ Wed nesday
0----- !jJ Thursday
o ----- !jJ Friday

Day Display:
Timeslot Size

Co 1 hour
(j) 30 minutes
015 minutes
05 minutes

0----- 0 SatUt'day

!jJ Show Months
[j] S how AM/PM

o Fill Blank Days in

Working Hours

Month Display

Stat1
First Display
Veat' Display
@ Month Display
Day Display

o
o Stat1 Iconized

I!l~am

Finish [!]~pm

Date fot' Wee k No, 1
4

Iff]
(j) Jan uat'y
() February
() 1\'1arch
April
() May
() June
() July
August
() September
October
CJ Novembet'
Decembet'

o
o
o

!jJ Include Week Number!!

Shaded buttons indicate the current settings. Click on a button
or its label to change the setting. Click on the Apply button to
apply your changes without closing the dialog box. Click on the
OK button to apply your changes and close the dialog box.
From the Change Settings dialog box, you can modify any of the
following calendar features:

2-14 Using the Calendar

First Day of Week
Unless you specifY otherwise, the first day of the week is Sunday,
as indicated by a shaded option button. You can designate another
day as the first day of the week by clicking on it.
Work Week
Normally, Calendar designates Monday through Friday as the
work week, as indicated by the shaded toggle buttons immediately
to the left of the days. You can change the settings by clicking on
the days you want to use for your work week.
Fill Blank Days in Month Display
Unless you specifY otherwise, Calendar leaves the days not filled
by the current month blank. When you turn on the Fill Blank
Days in Month Display option, Calendar fills the blank days at
the beginning and end of the current month with the dates of the
preceding and following months.
First Display
When you start Calendar, the month display appears on your
screen by default. You can click on Year Display or Day Display to
choose either of those options to be the first display you see when
you start Calendar.
Start Iconized
Normally, when you start Calendar you see a display of the
current month. By turning on the Start Iconized option, you can
cause Calendar to start as an icon.
Day Display: Timeslot Size
By default, the day display has timeslots broken up into
30-minute intervals. You can choose 1-hour, 15-minute or
5-minute intervals instead.
Show Months
Unless you specifY otherwise, Calendar displays the current and
next month at the top of a day display. You can disable this option
by turning off the Show Months option.
ShowAMjPM
By default, Calendar has a 12-hour time system that uses AM and
PM in its day display to differentiate timeslots. If you disable the
Show AMlPM option, Calendar uses a 24-hour time system in its
day display-for example, 1 p.m. becomes 13:00, and so on.

Using the Calendar

2-15

Working Hours

Calendar uses the preset options 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. for
working hours, which determine the timeslots it uses in the
day display. You can change these values by clicking on the
appropriate box to set the time you want.
Date for Week No. 1

In every month display, the leftmost column lists the number of
each week. This is in effect as long as the Include Week Numbers
option is turned on. By default, weeks are numbered starting
with the first week of January as week number one. The following
weeks are numbered accordingly, ending with the last week in
December as number 52.
The Date for Week No. 1 option enables you to set the week you
want to designate as the first week of the year by choosing the
desired month and moving the arrow in the scale to the desired
date. For example, if your fiscal year starts the first week of July
and you want to designate that week as the first week of the year,
choose July from the list of months and choose a date number thai
falls in the first week of July. To ensure that the date you choose
falls in the first full week of the month, you may want to choose a
date such as July 6.
The date January 4 is the preset option, which ensures that the
first full week in January is used as the first week of the year.
Include Week Numbers

Unless you specify otherwise, the leftmost column in every month
display lists the number of each week, starting with the first week
of January as week number one. You can disable this feature by
turning off the Include Week Numbers option.

Saving Customized Features
To save your customized features, choose the Save Settings menu
item from the Customize menu. This causes your new settings
to be used whenever you start a Calendar session. The size and
placement of all displays are also saved.
To restore your settings to the currently saved defaults, drag the
pointer to the submenu icon next to the Customize menu item,
and release MBl over the Restore Settings menu item.
To restore your settings to the system defaults, drag the pointer t(
the submenu icon next to the Customize menu item, and release
MBl over the Use Defaults menu item.

2-16 Using the Calendar

Changing the Shape of a Display
You can change the size of any Calendar display by using the
window's size button. If you resize the display to be smaller than
the elements inside it, Calendar will try to rearrange the elements
to fit the new size, but some of the elements may not be visible.
For example, if you resize the year display so that is only big
enough to display 8 months, Calendar will display only the next
8 months.
To save the size settings from one session to the next, use the
Save Settings menu item on the Customize submenu from the
Options menu.

Exiting from the Calendar
To exit from Calendar and close all open calendars, choose the
Exit menu item from the File menu.

Using the Calendar 2-17

3
Using the Cardfiler

The Cardfiler lets you create an electronic box of index cards. This
electronic file box is called a card file. Card files contain cards,
which can hold any kind of information you like, such as names,
addresses, and telephone numbers. For example, you could have
a card file called Food filled with cards that contain recipes and
names of restaurants.
By organizing your index cards into sets (card files), you can keep
one group of cards separate from another group, for example, your
business cards and your personal cards.
This chapter describes how to
•

Start the Cardfiler

•

Create and add cards to a card file

• View topics in a card file
•

Search a card file for text

•

Edit a card

•

Incorporate graphics

•

Open an existing card file

•

Save a card file

• Merge two card files
•

Exit from the Cardfiler

Using the Cardfiler 3-1

Starting the Cardfiler
To start the Cardfiler, enter the following command in a DECterm
terminal emulator window:
% dxcardfiler &

The Cardfiler displays an empty card file in the Cardfiler window.
Initially, the card file is empty, but it fills up with index topics as
you add cards.
~I Cardfiler: untitled
File

Seat"Ch

Cat·d

1b:!J1@J
Help

Adding a Card
You start a file of index cards by adding a card. As you add cards
they are sorted alphabetically according to the topic you type in
the card's index field. Very likely, this topic will be the name of
something, such as a person or business. By displaying the topic
of each index card, the card file window lists the contents of the
card file. To add a card:
Choose the Create Card... menu item from the Card menu.
The Cardfiler displays a blank index card in the Card windoVl
The dialog box prompts you to type the topic of the new inde)!
card.

3-2 Using the Cardfiler

Cardfilet": untitled

File

Card

~@]
Help

Inl
Inde:-c for this card:

Cancel

I~I
2

Type the new topic under which you want the card filed.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.
The text you just typed is added to the title bar at the top of
the Card window and to the contents of the Cardfiler window.
You can add information to the new card.

Type any information belonging on the index card, for
example, an address.
Type the text as you want it to appear, using the Return key,
space bar, and Tab key to format it. Cards can contain up to
4000 characters, and up to 64K bytes of graphics.

When you are finished with the index card, choose the Close
menu item from the file menu.

The Card window is closed and the contents of the index card are
added to your card file.
You can open another index card in the card file without closing
the current card. When you choose the Create Card... menu
item from the Card menu in the Cardfiler window, the Cardfiler
automatically saves any changes you made to the current index

Using the Cardfiler 3-3

card and returns it to the card file before it opens a new card in
the file.

Viewing the Contents of a Card File
Although you can look at only one index card at a time, you can
easily switch from one card to another by selecting a card from
the card file window. When your card file contains too many card~
to list in a window at a time, you can use the scroll bar to move
through the file. You can also search the contents of a card file fOJ
a given text string.

Opening an Existing Card
To display the contents of a card you have already created, select
the card from the card file window by pointing to its index line
and clicking MBI.
The card's index topic becomes shaded and the contents of the
card are displayed in the Card window.

Scrolling Through a Card File
As you accumulate cards, they cannot be listed all at once in the
card file window. The scroll bar along the left side of the card file
lets you scroll through the list of the index cards in your file. To
scroll through the list of index cards in your file, click and hold
MB:b on the stepping arrow. The position of the slider indicates
your position in the list. When the slider is at the top of the scroll
bar, you are at the beginning of the list. When the slider is at the
bottom of the scroll bar, you are at the end of the list.

Finding Text
You can search a card file for any text string. The text can be a
word, a number, or any other characters that you can type on yOUl
keyboard. Because the Cardfiler treats spaces as text, you can
search for two or more words.
The Cardfiler searches either the index topics or the contents of
the index cards.
To search the index topics in a card file for specific text:
Choose the Search Index... menu item from the Search menu
in the card file window.

3-4 Using the Cardfiler

Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

III

Search Index
Go to:

Cancel

Type the text you want located.

Press Return or click on the OK button.

The Cardfiler searches the topics of all index cards in the file and
displays the first card in your file containing the text string.
You can continue to search for a text string by choosing the Find
Next menu item from the Search menu in the card file window.
The Cardfiler continues to search the card file for the text and
displays each card that contains the text in its index field.
To search the contents of each card in the file for specific text:
Choose the Search Card... menu item from the Search menu
in the card file window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

Using the Cardfiler 3-5

S e arc h Card

[S]

Find:

Cancel

Type the text string you want located.

Press Return or click on the OK button.

The Cardfiler searches all index cards in the file and displays the
first card in your file containing the text string.
You can continue to search for a text string by choosing the Find
Next menu item from the Search menu in the card file window.
The Cardfiler continues to search the card file for the text and
displays each card that contains the text.

Editing a Card
The Cardfiler editing commands let you copy, delete, and
rearrange text on an index card. If you decide you do not want to
save your edits, Cardfiler can restore the card to its original state.

Renaming a Card
To change the topic of an index card, you modify the index line:
Select the card you want to rename from the card file window
by pointing to it and clicking MB1.
2

Choose the Rename... menu item from the Card menu on the
Card window.

Use the arrow keys to move the text cursor and the Delete ke~
to erase unwanted text.

Type the new topic under which you want the card filed.

Click on the OK button.

3-6 Using the Cardfiler

The card is renamed and remains open. If you want to close the
card, choose the Close menu item from the card's File menu.

Moving the Text Cursor
When you create a new card, the text cursor appears in the upper
left corner of the card window. When you open an existing card,
the text cursor remains where it was when you last edited the
card.
If you are creating a new card and want to move the text cursor,
use the Return key or place the pointer where you want the text
cursor and click MB1. You can use this method to move the text
cursor on an existing card, or you can use the arrow keys to move
the text cursor anywhere in the existing text (except to the index
line).

Selecting Text
In order to delete, move, or copy text, you must first select that
text. Select the text by pressing and holding MB1, dragging the
pointer over the text, and releasing MB1. This highlights the
selected text. The Cardfiler stores this text until you tell it what
to do.

Deleting Text
To delete small amounts of text on your card, use the Delete
key. If you selected text for deletion, press any key to delete the
highlighted text.

Moving Text
Because the Cardfiler saves the last text you selected and deleted,
you can move text from one location on a card to another or
between cards.
To move text on a card:
Select the text you want moved to another location on the
card.
2

Choose the Cut menu item from the Edit menu.

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MB1.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.
The deleted text appears in the new location.

Using the Cardfiler 3-7

To move text from one card to another:

Select the text you want to move to another card.

Choose the Cut menu item from the Edit menu.

From the card file window, click on the card to which you wan
to move the text.
The new card is opened.

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by using the Return and arrow keys or by positionin~
the pointer and clicking MB1.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.
The selected text is inserted in the new location.

Copying Text
Because the Cardfiler keeps track of your selected text, you can
copy text from one location on a card to another and between
cards.
To copy text on a card:
Select the text you want copied to another location on the
card.
2

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MB1.

Click MB2.
The selected text is copied to the new location.

To copy text from one card to another:
Select the text you want copied to another card.
2

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to store the
copied text.

From the card file, click on the card to which you want to
move the text.
The new card is opened.

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by using the Return and arrow keys or by positioning
the pointer and clicking MB1.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

3-8 Using the Cardfiler

The text is copied to the new location.

Incorporating Graphics
You can add graphics, such as those you create with the Paint
program, to index cards. The Cardfiler places a graphic at the top
of a card, keeping the picture's original size, and relocates text
to the remaining space. Choose the Read Graphic menu item to
incorporate a graphic. Choose the Clear Graphic menu item to
erase it.

Opening a Card File
You can open a new card file or reopen an existing file. If you try
to open another card file without first saving any changes you
made to the current file, a dialog box is displayed, asking whether
you want to save your changes. Click on the Yes button to save
your changes. Click on the No button to return to the current file.
To open a card file:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

lEE]

Cardfiler: Open

!PJJ

Fi Ie filter
II*.cat·d
File name:

~:I

I
Ok II
I Cancel I
Filter

(JO(> 0

Selection

II.~ard

To open an existing card file, select the name of the file you
want to open.
Use the scroll bars to view a complete list of your card files.
The card file name you select is displayed in the text field.

Using the Cardfiler 3-9

If you want to open a new file, type the file name you want to
use in the Selection text field and click on the OK button. The
new name is displayed in the title bar, and the Cardfiler asks
if you want to open a new file. Click on the Acknowledged
button to verify that you do.
The new card file is displayed.

Saving a Card File
Whether you create a new card file or make changes to an existing
card file, such as adding or deleting a card or changing any
information on a card, you need to save that card file when you
are done working with it.
To save a new card file or change the name of an existing one:
Choose the Save As... menu item from the File menu in the
card file window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box, prompting you for the name of
the file.

I!;]

W Save File
File filter
II*.card
File name:

.(). I Fi Ite t· I

~'Fa::el I
II

Q-

<)0(> D
Selectiofl
I·card

3-10 Using the Cardfiler

Using the Delete and arrow keys, delete any text in the
Selection text field and type the name of file. The default file
type for card file names is card.
Give the file a name that you can easily recognize. For
example, if the card file contains the numbers of your business
associates in Rome, you can name the file rome. card. Giving
the file a file type of card lets you quickly recognize that this
is a card file.

Press Return or click on the OK button.
You are returned to the card file window. If you saved a new
card file, notice that the name of the card file in the title
bar has changed from untitled to rome. card. If you saved an
existing card file, the card file name is replaced by rome.card.

To save the current card file, choose the Save menu item from the
File menu in the card file window.
To save the current card file under a new file name:
Choose the Save As... menu item from the File menu in the
card file window.
2

Using the Delete and arrow keys, delete any text in the text
field and type the file's new name.

Press Return or click on the OK button.

You are returned to the card file window. Notice that the title bar
contains the new card file name.

Merging Card Files
You can merge the contents of the current file with another file,
resulting in a card file that combines and sorts the contents of
both files. The card file whose contents were merged with the
current card file remains unchanged.
Choose the Merge... menu item from the File menu on the
card file window.
Cardfiler displays a dialog box.

Using the Cardfiler 3-11

e File
Fi Ie fi Itero

II*ocatOd
Fi Ie nanle:

Filter

I Cancel

I
<)0(>· D
Selection

IIocatOd
2

Select the name of the file you want to merge with the curren1
file. Use the scroll bars to view a complete list of your files.
The file name you selected is displayed in the text field.

Press Return or click on the OK button.

The contents of the two card files are merged and sorted
alphabetically.

Exiting from the Cardfiler
To exit from the Cardfiler, choose the Quit menu item from the
File menu in the card file window.
If you have not saved any changes or additions to the current file,
Cardfiler displays a dialog box, asking whether you want to save
your changes.

3-12 Using the Cardfiler

[!I]

Cautio n

o
Do yo u want to sa\'e the ClU"t"e nt data
befot"e exiti ng"?

I Yes II ~ I Cancel I
Click on the Yes button to save your changes and exit from the
Cardfiler or the No button to exit from the Cardfiler without
saving your changes. To return to the Cardfiler window, click on
the Cancel button.

Using the Cardfiler 3-13

4
Using the Clock

•••
• v •
•
•
•••
... .J' •

The Clock displays the time (in both analog and digital format)
and the date. You can change this display to suit your needs. You
can also set the Clock's alarm to remind you of appointments .
This chapter describes how to
• Start the Clock
• Customize the Clock display
• Set the alarm
• Exit from the Clock

Starting the Clock
To start the Clock, choose the Clock menu item from DE's
Applications menu.
The Clock is displayed on your screen. You can move and change
the size of the Clock as you wish.

Using the Clock 4-1

101@]

DI Clock

OCT
24

.
•

•

(
•

•

MON 5:04 pm
Changing the Clock Display
You can customize the Clock display to include any combination of
the date and time areas.
To change the Clock display:
1

Place the pointer anywhere in the Clock display.

Press and hold MB2.
Clock displays a pop-up menu.

EJI Clock

101Eill

OCT . . · . .
.. I .
24

Setti ngs ...

MON 5:~ Help
Quit
~

4-2 Using the Clock

[-7

Choose the Settings... menu item.

Clock displays a dialog box.

Clock Setti ngs
Components:
[jJ Analog

III Dig ital

[jJ Date

Alarm Settings

D Alat"m

lID 10(( o~1 AM
PM

Alarm Message
OK

Cancel

Shaded toggle buttons indicate the current settings. Click MBI on
a toggle button or its label to change the setting. For example, if
you want only the analog clock displayed and the Analog, Digital,
and Date toggle buttons are shaded, click on the Digital and Date
toggle buttons to disable those settings.
Click on the OK button to save any changed settings. Click on
the Cancel button to return to the date and time display without
changing any settings.
You can also display the Settings... dialog box directly without
first displaying the pop-up menu by double-clicking MBI
anywhere on the Clock display.

Setting the Alarm
You can set the alarm to remind you of an appointment-or lunch.
To set the alarm from the Settings dialog box:
1

Click MBI on the alarm toggle button to switch the alarm on.

Move to the hours field and type the hour at which you want
the alarm to go off. You can either use a 12-hour clock, in
which case you need to specify AM or PM, or you can use a
24-hour clock (military time).
Use the Delete key to erase any number already entered or to
correct typing mistakes.

Using the Clock 4-3

Move to the minutes field and finish entering the time you
want the alarm to go off.

If you are using a 12-hour clock or if the time you specify is
less than 12:00, click on either the AM or PM option button.

To display a message on your screen when the alarm goes
off, move to the alarm message field and type your message.
Alarm messages may contain up to 200 characters.

Click on the OK button to save the settings. Click on the
Cancel button to return to the date and time display without
changing any settings.

When the alarm goes off, click on the Acknowledged button to
clear the alarm message from your screen.

Exiting from the Clock
To exit from the Clock, choose the Quit menu item from the
Clock's pop-up menu.

4-4 Using the Clock

5
Using the DDIF Viewer

~~:::::::::::.

I .:.:.:.:.:.::. I

.......

The DDIF Viewer lets you view DDIF (DIGITAL Document
Interchange Format) files. DDIF is a standard format for the
storage and interchange of compound documents. Compound
documents contain multiple elements, for example, text and
graphics. DDIF files cannot be viewed as ordinary text files .
The DDIF Viewer displays only DDIF files. If you specify a file
that is not a DDIF file, for example, a text (ASCII) file, the file is
converted to DDIF before it is displayed.
This chapter describes how to
• Start the DDIF Viewer
• Display DDIF files
• Change processing options
• Exit from the DDIF Viewer

)tarting the DDIF Viewer
To start the DDIF Viewer and view a file, choose the DDIF menu
item from UE's Applications menu or enter the following command
in a DECterm terminal emulator window:
% dxvdoc &

You can specify several options on the command line to specify the
format of the file or files to be displayed, the optional processing
to be applied, and the name of the first file. See the ULTRIX
Worksystem Software reference page on the xvdoc(lX) command
for information about these command options.

Using the DDIF Viewer 5-1

The DDIF Viewer displays its main window, which is where you
view DDIF files.

€PI DDIF Viewer: @ Digital Equipment Corp. 1988. All Rights Resen,elt2J@J
File

Help
G

<)0

1(>

Viewing DDIF Files
To view a DDIF file in the DDIF Viewer window, you must open
it. To open a DDIF file:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.
The Viewer displays a dialog box that prompts you for the
name of the file you want to view. The file list box lists the
names of any DDIF files in the current directory.

5-2 Using the DDIF Viewer

File fi Itet·
II*.ddif
Files in
6

Format

II0 01F

Options File

Filter

Cancel

Enter new file name
P*·ddif

Type in the format of the file you want to view.
Type TEXT if you want to view a TEXT file. Type DDIF if you
want to view a DDIF file.

Optionally, enter the name of a file containing the processing
options to be applied as your file is loaded for viewing.
If you do not specify an options file, preset processing options
are used. See the ULTRIX Work system Software reference
page on the xvdoc(lX) command for information about these
options.

Double click on the file name you want to view.
The DDIF Viewer displays the file you specified.

If you want to view a DDIF or TEXT file that is not listed, type
the name of that file in the Enter new file name text field and
click on the OK button. Or, use the File filter text entry field to
list a subset of files that you can then select from. For example,
to list all files in another directory with the file type ddif, type the
complete directory specification -/jones/project/* .ddif-in the File
Filter text entry field and click on the Filter button. Then double
click on the file name of the file you want to view.

Using the DDIF Viewer 5-3

The DDIF Viewer displays the contents of the file you specified.
The title bar contains the name of the file currently viewed.

Changing Processing Options
You can change the processing options that the DDIF Viewer uses
to display your file. By default, the DDIF Viewer uses automatic
word wrapping and soft directives. Soft directives consist of
formatting information inserted into the file by a text editor or
converter. (Form feeds and carriage returns are two kinds of soft
directives.) If the file you are viewing was created with a tool or
converter that does not write soft directives, the default processing
options may produce an unclear display. By turning soft directives
on or off, you may make an unclear display more readable.
To change the processing options:
Choose the Set-Up... menu item from the File menu.
The Viewer displays a dialog box.

(jJ Word Wrap
~ Soft D it"ectives

Cancel

Apply

Click on the toggle buttons to change either processing option.

Click on Apply.
The DDIF Viewer closes the file and reopens it with the new
options in effect.

Closing a File
When you have finished viewing a file, close it by choosing the
Close menu item from the File menu. This keeps the DDIF
Viewer active for you to open another file. If you open another
file without closing the current one, the DDIF Viewer closes the
current file before opening the next one.

5-4 Using the DDIF Viewer

Exiting from the DDIF Viewer
To exit from the DDIF Viewer, choose the Exit menu item from
the File menu. If you did not close the last file you viewed, the
DDIF Viewer closes it before exiting.

Using the DDIF Viewer 5-5

6
Using DECterm
DECterm creates a window that emulates a VT320 terminal.

'0
.l' , ::s

This chapter describes how to
• Create a DECterm emulator window
•

Customize DECterm characteristics

• Copy information
• Change DECterm windows
• Compose characters
• Exit from a DECterm window

Creating a DECterm Window
To create a DECterm window, choose the Terminal Window menu
item from the Session Manager's Create menu.

Using DECterm 6-1

Give the DECterm window input focus by pointing to the window
and clicking MB1.

Customizing DECterm
Once you have created a DECterm window, you can choose the
operating features you want the window to have and then save
these features by using the DECterm Customize menu.

6-2 Using DECterm

Window ...
Display ...
General ...
Keyboard ...
7-bit NRCS Se lectio n ...
Use Last Saved Setti ngs
Use Syste nl Defau Its
Save Curre nt Settings
Use Saved Setti ngs fro nl ...
Save Curre nt Setti ngs as ...

Customizing a Window
You can change DECterm's window features, such as the size
of the window, by choosing the Window... menu item from the
Customize menu. DECterm displays a dialog box.

Using DECterm 6-3

\j] record Ii nes off to p
\j] vertical scro II bar

D horizo ntal SCt"O II bar
\j] vetiical cursor coupling

Terminal Size

~ rows

I 8Q

columns

D horizo ntal cut"sor co u p ling

[!2J

\j] auto resize terminal
\j] auto t"esize window

o big font
@ little fo nt

o normal font (80 columns)

o condensed font (132 columns)

Apply

I I Cancel

@ normal/80, co nde nsed/132

Shaded buttons indicate the current settings" Click MBl on a
button or its label to change the setting" Click on the Apply
button to apply your changes without closing the dialog box. Click
on the OK button to apply your changes and close the dialog box.
From the Window dialog box, you can customize any of the
following window features:
Record Lines Off Top
Normally, lines that are scrolled off the top of the DECterm
display are not saved. To save lines that are scrolled off the top
of the DECterm display, click on Record Lines Off Top. A shaded
toggle button indicates that DECterm is saving the lines.

To view the lines that are scrolled off the top of the display, use
the vertical scroll bar. By default, DECterm does not have vertical
scroll bars, so you have to turn them on from the Window dialog
box.
Vertical Scroll Bar
Unless you specifY otherwise, DECterm windows do not display
vertical scroll bars. Click on Vertical Scroll Bar to display a
vertical scroll bar on the right-hand side of your DECterm
window.

6-4 Using DECterm

Horizontal Scroll Bar
Normally, DECterm windows do not display horizontal scroll bars.
Click on Horizontal Scroll Bar to display a horizontal scroll bar at
the bottom of your DECterm window.
Vertical Cursor Coupling
By default, when you vertically change the size of your window or
terminal, the cursor remains visible. For example, if your screen
display contains 24 rows and you shrink it to five rows, the cursor
remains visible and allows you to enter text. You can disable this
option by clicking on it.
Horizontal Cursor Coupling
By default, when you horizontally change the size of your window
or terminal (for example, from 132 columns to 80 columns), the
cursor does not remain visible. You can override this default by
turning on the Horizontal Cursor Coupling option.
Auto Resize Terminal
By default, when you use the Window Set-Up dialog box to modify
your terminal size, the window size changes to conform to it.
Clicking on Auto Resize Terminal causes the terminal size to
change to conform to the window size whenever you modify the
window size.
Auto Resize Window
By default, when you modify the terminal size, the window size
changes to conform to it. Disabling Auto Resize Window means
that if your terminal characteristics cause more characters to be
displayed than your current window size can accommodate, those
characters will not appear in the window.
Big Font
Unless you specify otherwise, the Little Font option is on, which
causes DECterm to display a 12-point font. Clicking on the Big
Font option displays an 18-point font.
Little Font
Unless you specify otherwise, the Little Font option is on, which
causes DECterm to display a 12-point font.
Normal Font
Clicking on the Normal Font option causes the Normal Font
(80 columns) to be used. The preset option for font size is Normal
Font/80, Condensedl132.

Using DECterm 6-5

Condensed Font
Clicking on the Condensed Font option causes the Condensed
Font (132 columns) to be used. The preset option for font size is
Normal Font/SO, Condensedl132.
NormaIFont/S~

Condensed/132

The preset option for font size is Normal Font/SO, Condensedl132,
which causes the font to adjust to match the width of the terminal.

Terminal Size
Normally, the terminal size is set to 24 rows and SO columns. By
clicking on the size you want, you can change the row setting
to 4S or 72, and the column setting to 132. You can also set the
column and row to be any number from 1 to 132 by clicking on the
text entry field, deleting any existing numbers, and typing in the
new settings.

Customizing a Display
You can modify DECterm's display features, such as the type of
cursor, by choosing the Display... menu item from the Customize
menu. DECterm displays a dialog box.

D auto wrap
!II dis p I aye u t"S 0 t"
III cursor bl ink
(') block Cut·SOt"
() underline cursor

':j) dat"k te:«, I ig ht backgt"o u nd
() light te:-:1:, dat"k backgt"ound
~i) no status dis play
() host status display

Apply

I I Cancel

From the Display dialog box, you can customize any of the
following display features:

6-6

Using DECterm

Auto Wrap
Normally, when the cursor reaches the right margin, each new
character deletes the previous character. Clicking on Auto Wrap
causes new characters to be displayed on the next line.
Display Cursor
Unless you specify otherwise, a cursor is displayed in your
DECterm window. Disabling Display Cursor causes your cursor to
become invisible.
Cursor Blink
Unless you specify otherwise, your cursor blinks. Disabling Cursor
Blink causes a non-blinking cursor to be displayed.
Block Cursor
Unless you specify otherwise, the cursor displayed in your
DECterm window is block shaped.
Underline Cursor
The default cursor for DECterm is block shaped. Clicking on
the Underline Cursor option causes an underline cursor to be
displayed.
Dark Text, Light Background
Unless you specify otherwise, DECterm displays dark text with a
light background.
Light Text, Dark Background
You can change the default of dark text with a light background
by clicking on the Light Text, Dark Background option.
No Status Display
Unless you specify otherwise, you do not receive host status
messages. Host status messages, when activated, appear on the
bottom line of your window display.
Host Status Display
To receive host status messages, turn on the Host Status Display
option, which causes the messages to appear on the bottom line of
your window display. You can only set Host Status Display on a
300-series terminal.

Using DECterm 6-7

Customizing General Features
You can change general features, such as the terminal type, by
choosing the General... menu item from the Customize menu.
DECterm displays a dialog box.

o newline
o lock user features

o lock UOKs

(f) n u met"ic keypad

lJ application keypad

.:i UPSS DEC Supplemental
CJ UPSS ISO Latin 1
l

@ normal CUt"Sot" keys
appl cut"SOt" keys

Tet"minal 10
@ OECtenll 10
VT340 10
OVT320 10
VT240 10
VT220 10
(.) VT125 10
VT102 10
VT101 10
VT100 10

o
o

o
o
o

.:i 8-b it 1\.., ulti national charactet"s
l

() 7-b it NRCS chat"actet"s
() VT300 mode, 8-bit contt"ols
C) VT300 mode, 7-b it co nb"o Is
i.j) VT100 mode
() VT52 mode
OK

A P ply

I I Ca n ce I I

From the General dialog box, you can set any of the following
terminal features:
New Line
Normally, pressing the Return key does not move the cursor to
start a new line. Clicking on New Line causes the cursor to move
to start a new line when you press the Return key.
Lock UDKs

Your keyboard contains keys you can define for your own use.
Unless you specify otherwise, once you have defined a key, the
host system can change the function of the key back to the systell
default. Clicking on Lock UDKs locks the user defined keys so
that the host system cannot change your definitions.
Lock User Features

DECterm lets you change two user features: Auto Repeat and
Foreground and Background Display. The host system can chang

6-8 Using DECterm

these functions to the system default unless you click on the Lock
User Features option to prevent it from doing so.
Normal Cursor Keys

Unless you specify otherwise, the Normal Cursor Keys is on,
which causes the Arrow keys to move the cursor up, down, left,
and right.
Appl Cursor Keys

By clicking on the Application Cursor Keys option, you can
override the Normal Cursor Keys default and set the Arrow keys
to application-specific functions.
TerminallD

You can set the device attributes response (Terminal ID) by using
the Terminal ID menu item. The Terminal ID lets the host system
know specific operating attributes of the terminal. The preset
option is DECterm ID.
You can choose the following Terminal IDs:
• DECterm
•

VT340

•

VT320

•

VT240

•

VT220

•

VT125

•

VT102

•

VT101

•

VT100

Numeric Keypad

Unless you specify otherwise, the Numeric Keypad option is set,
which means that pressing the numeric keypad produces the
characters that appear on the keycaps.
Application Keypad

You can override the Numeric Keypad default by clicking on the
Application Keypad option, which causes the numeric keypad to
function as a set of user defined keys.

Using DECterm 6-9

UPSS DEC Supplemental
Unless you specify otherwise, the UPSS DEC Supplemental option
is on, which causes the DEC Multinational Character Set to be in
effect.
b7

Bits

0
1

b5
b4 b3 b2 bl

o0 0 0

NUL

o0 0 1

SOH

o0 10

STX

o0 1 1

ETX

o1 0 0

EOT

o1 0 1

ENQ

o1 1 0

ACK

o1 1 1

BEL

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 0

11 11

Key
Character

0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
10
8
8
11
9
9
12
10
A
13
11
B
14
12
C
15
13
0
16
14
E
17
15
F

20
16
10
21
17
11
22
18
12
23
19
13
24
20
14
25
21
15
26
22
16
27
23
17
30
24
18
31
25
19
32
26
lA
33
27
lB
34
28
lC
35
29

40
32
20
41

DC1
DC2
DC3
DC4
NAK
SYN
ETB
CAN
EM
SUB
ESC
FS
GS
RS
US

10
36
30
IE
37
31
IF

SP
I

..
#
$
%
&

(
)

.
+

33
21
42
34
22
43
36
23
44
36
24
45
37
25
46
38
26
47
39
27
50
40
28
51
41
29
52
42
2A
53
43
2B
54
44
2C
56
45
20
56
46
2E
57
47
2F

2
3
4

5
6

7
8
9

;
<

=
>

0
1

1
1

60
48
30
61
49
31
62
50
32
63
51
33
64
52
34
65
53
35
66
54
36
67
55
37
70
56
38
71
57
39
72
58
3A
73
59
3B
74
60
3C
75
61
3D
76
62
3E
77
63
3F

1~2

120
80
50
121
81
51
122
82
52
123
83
53
124
84
54
125
85
56
126
86
56
127
87
57
130
88
58
131
89
59
132
90
5A
133
91
5B
134
92
5C
135
93
50
136
94
5E
137
95
SF

140
96
60
141
97
61
142
38
62
143
99
63
144
100
64
145
101
65
146
102
66
147
103
67
150
104
68
151
105
69
152
106
6A
153
107
6B
154
108
6C
156
109
60
156
110
6E
157
111
SF

160
112
70
161
113
71
162
114
72
163
115
73
164
116
74
165
117
75
166
118
76
167
119
77
170
120
78
171
121
79
172
122
7A
173
123
7B
174
124
7C
175
125
70
176
126
7E
177
127
7F

@
A

C
0
E

G
H

J
K
L

M
N

40
101
65
41
102
66
42
103
67
43
104
68
44
105
69
45
106
70
46
107
71
47
110
72
48
111
73
49
112
74
4A
113
75
4B
114
76
4C
115
77
40
116
78
4E
117
79
4F

P
Q

R
S

T
U

W
X
Y

Z
[
\

]
1\

a
b
C

e
f

9
h
I

J
k
I
m

n
0

P
q
r
S

u
V

W
X

Y
Z

{

I
}
~

DEL

j . - CO Codes ----.",..141--------- (As~11~~~~iC) ---------.1,1
Octal
Decimal

'--_.J..:..=:...J H•

6-10 Using DECterm

0
1

OLE

0
0

b8
Row

Column

ZK-0347A-GE

8
1
0
0

220

2..a
160
AO
241
161
A1

~~
~~

DCS
PU1
PU2

HTS
HTS
VTS

PLU
RI
SS2
SS3

~ e

STS

CCH

~:
~~

MW
SPA
EPA

87
210
136
88
211
137
8G

8E
217
143
8F

{)

1n A
B1

~ ¥

246
1fl6
A6

~ A

303

•
C

•

1.1

~~
Hi8

234
156
gc

AB
204
172
AC

esc ~~

~
AD

GO
236
158
GE

I-- C1 Code. ---1.*1...

B8
271
186
Ell

A
Ie

E
E

fe~ E

1115
C3
304
106
C4
305
1G7
CO
306
1G8

-~~
C7
310
200
C8
311
201

~13

275
18G

e::

~~~ i
BE

~~ T
SF

4 --------

0
6
6

0
0
CE

~~~ U

1G4

~~.
B8
274
188

~;:

270
184

AS
251
1E111
AG

181
266
182

~ 9
B7

A7
250

301
1G3
C1

~ A

~ A.

302

266

APC

•
, ~~

203
CB
314
204

315
205
CD
316
206
CE
317
207
CF

0
V'

02
323
211
03

~~
E1

213

OS
326
214

OS
327
216
07
330
216

DB
331
217

•
Ii

•

~~~

220

223
OF

(DEC~= GDphio)

o 0 11

o1 o0

F5
.....,

o 1 o1

o1 1 0

1 11

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

;

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

"
~:
EB

~~
EA

o 0 10

=
=
::
=
2~

•

:; o

OA
-333
21G
DB
334

o0 0 1

241
F1

~ i

DC
335
221
DO
33t>
222
DE

E5
347
231

[)Q

~;~ 9
ED

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

~~~

337

230

• ......~~

Row

325

b6
b4 b3 b2 b1

:g o 0 0 0
FO
...,

b6
1

1
320
208
DO
321
20G
01

~::

246
1E16

0
300
1G2

Bits
b7

231
163

1
1

Column

1
1

260
176
251

CSI

14
1

1
0

104

G7
230
162

88
214
1..a
8C
215
141
80

PLD

221
145
G1

ESA

SSA

13
1

. 200
128
80

NEL

0
0

12
1

1
0

IND

·1

Using DECterm 6-11

UPSS ISO Latin-l

You can override the UPSS DEC Supplemental default by clickin~
on the UPSS ISO Latin-l option, which causes the International
Standards Organization (ISO) Character Set to be in effect.
10

8
1

0
0

80
201

INO
NEL
SSA
ESA
HTS
HTS
VTS
OLP
PLU
RI
SS2
SS3

81
202
130
82
203
131
83
210
132
84

86
206
134
86
207
135
87
210
136
88
211
137
80

DCS

~ NBSP ~:;

110

PU1
PU2

srs
CCH

221
145
91
222
146
02
223
147
03
224
148

AO
241
181
AI
242
162

243
163

MW
SPA
EPA

f!: \'

05
226
150
06
227
161
07
230
162

I
I

§
"

SA
213
139
88
214
140
8C
216
141
80
216
142
8E
217
143
8F

CSI

231
163
00

•

9A
233
155
08

CSC
PM
APC

.
...

00
236
168
OE
237
159
OF

~ A

~~~

301
193
Cl
302
104

263
170

~~ 6

244
164
A4
2046
166

264
180
B4

AS
246
166
A6
247
167
A7
260
166
A8
251
160

263
171
AB
254
172
AC

AD
256
174
AE
257
176
AF

,
,
1

~ A

()

B6
266
182
B!i
267
183
B7
270
184
B8
271
186
BIoi

IE.
~

E
E

~~~ E

¥l

~~: f

e:::

C3
304
106
C4

SA
273
187
BB
274
188

276
100
BE
277
191

i
T

306
108
C6
307
190
C7
310
200
C8
311
201

0
x

OIl

~~ U

CA
313
203
CB
314
204

31t>

206
CD
316
206
CE
317
207
CF

0
Y
j)

321
209
01
322
210
02
323
211
03
324
212
04

05
326
214
06
327
216
07
330
216
08
331
217
DO

r,~
OA
333
210
DB
334
220
DC

•
,
,
i

341
226
E1
342
226
343
227
E3
344
228
E4

• ~

Ii
0
6
6

•
~

•,
i
i
I

i
T

346

230

0
6

347
231
E7
350
232
E8
351
233
Ell

b6
b4 b3 b2 b1

Row

:;; o 0 o 0

o0 o1

o0 10

o 0 11

o1 o0

FO
361
241
Fl
362
242
F2
363
243
F3
364
244

~~ r

DO
336
222
DE
337
223
OF

•

Fe
366
246
Fe
367
247

F7
370
248
F8
371
240
FO

" ~~
~~
(J

EA
363
235
EB
354
236
EC

FA
373
251

o1 o1

o1 1 0

o 1 11

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

374
252
FC

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

11 1 0

11 11

~~; '9
ED
356
238
EE
367
239
EF

BIts
b6

b7
1

1
1

261
177
81
262
178

234
166

1
0

Column
be

1
1

0
1

1
0

FO
376
254
FE
377
255

I-- C1 Co,* - -...~,.4------- ISO Lalln-l ;!.eo:~aI Graphic
Zl<-0320A-GE

6-12

Using DECterm

Note To use these character sets, the Character Set mode menu item

must be set to 8-bit characters.
8-Bit Multinational Character

Unless you specify otherwise, the character mode is set to 8 bits
for use with the DEC Supplemental Character Set.
7-Bit NRCS Characters

To use the National Replacement Character Sets, click on the
7-Bit Character Mode option. The preset option is the 8-Bit
Multinational Character set.
VT300 Mode, 8-Bit Controls

Unless you specify otherwise, the terminal emulator option is
VT300 Terminal Mode, 8-Bit Controls, which causes DECterm to
emulate a VT300 with 8-bit control characters.
Note For each new DECterm window, you can choose to emulate the

same terminal or different terminals.
VT300 Terminal Mode, 7-Bit Controls

You can override the VT300 Terminal Mode, 8-Bit Controls default
option by clicking on the VT300 Terminal Mode, 7-Bit Controls
option, which causes DECterm to emulate a VT300 with 7-bit
control characters.
VT100 Mode

You can override the VT300 Terminal Mode, 8-Bit Controls default
option by clicking on the VT100 Mode option, which causes
DECterm to emulate a VT100 terminal.
VT52 Mode

You can override the VT300 Terminal Mode, 8-Bit Controls default
option by clicking on the VT52 Terminal Mode option, which
causes DECterm to emulate a VT52 terminal.

Customizing a Keyboard
You can set keyboard features, such as turning the warning
bell on or off, by choosing the Keyboard... menu item from the
Customize menu. DECterm displays a dialog box.

Using DECterm 6-13

[!;]

Keyboard Set-up

D wat"ning bell
D fnat"gin bell
Ij] auto tOe peat
Ij] Ctt"I-Q, Ctt"I-S = Ho Id

l:i:1 comma key sends"
() co m ma key se nds ,<

l:i:1ti Ide key se nds '_.
() ti Ide key se nds ES C

I:j\ <X] delete
() <X] backs pace

(i:1 angle bt'ackets key se nds <>
() angle bt'ackets key sends '.~.

1:1) caps lock

C) shift lock

I I

Apply

Cancel

From the Keyboard dialog box, you can set the following keyboard
features:
Warning Be//
Unless you specify otherwise, the keyboard warning bell is set to
ring when errors occur. You can disable this function by turning
off the Warning Bell option.
Margin Bell
By default, the margin bell does not ring when the cursor reaches
the right margin. You can cause it to ring by clicking on Margin
Bell.

Keyclick
Unless you specify otherwise, the keyboard keys click when you
press them. You can disable this function by turning off the
Keyclick option.
Auto Repeat
By default, characters repeat when you hold the key down. You
can disable this function by turning off the Auto Repeat option.

6-14 Using DECterm

Note If you set the Lock User Feature option, the host system cannot

change this setting.
Ctrl-Q, Ctrl-S = Hold

Unless you specify otherwise, pressing CtrllS causes your screen
display to stop scrolling, and pressing CtrllQ causes it to resume
scrolling.
Compose Character Key

Normally, the Compose Character Key option is set, enabling
you to display characters that are not standard keys on your
keyboard by using compose sequences. See the section Composing
Characters for detailed information on composing characters.
Q] Delete

By default, the <R1 Delete option is set, which causes the <R1 key
to function as a Delete key.
Q] Backspace

You can override the <R1 Delete default by clicking on the
Q] Backspace option, which causes the <R1 key to function as a
non-destructive Backspace key.
Caps Lock
Unless you specify otherwise, the Caps Lock option is in effect,
which means that the Lock key causes alphabetic keys to display
uppercase characters, and other keys to display the bottom
character on their keycaps.
Shift Lock

You can override the Caps Lock default by clicking on the Shift
Lock option, which causes the Lock key to make all keys display
the top character on their keycaps.
Comma Key Sends 11
By default the Comma Key Sends " option is set, which causes
a comma to be displayed when you press the comma key. (This
applies to a North American or Dutch keyboard dialect.)
Comma Key Sends,<
You can override the Comma Key Sends " default by clicking on
the Comma Key Sends ,< option, which causes a comma to be
displayed when you press the comma key shifted, and an < to be
displayed when you press the comma key unshifted. (This applies
to a North American or Dutch keyboard dialect.)

Using DECterm

6-15

Tilde Key Sends ,Unless you specify otherwise, the Tilde Key Sends '- option is
set, which causes the -' key to display a left single quote (') when
unshifted and a tilde (-) when shifted, as the key is labeled. (This
applies to a North American or Dutch keyboard dialect.)
Tilde Key Sends ESC
You can override the Tilde Key Sends -' default by clicking on the
Tilde Key Sends ESC option, which causes the -' key to function
as an escape (ESC). (This applies to a North American or Dutch
keyboard dialect.)
Angle Brackets Key Sends <>
Normally, the Angle Bracket Key Sends <> option is set, which
causes the angle bracket key to display a < when unshifted and
a > when shifted. (This applies to a North American or Dutch
keyboard dialect.)
Angle Brackets Key Sends ,You can override the Angle Bracket Key Sends <> default by
clicking on the Angle Brackets Key Sends '-, which causes the
<> key to function as an escape (ESC). (This applies to a North
American or Dutch keyboard dialect.)

6-16

Using DECterm

Choosing a National Replacement Character Set
You can pick a National Replacement Character Set (NRCS) that
corresponds to the chosen keyboard dialect by choosing the 7-Bit
NRCS Selection... menu item on the Customize menu, DECterm
displays a dialog box.

Notth A met"ican

Flemish
Canad iarl (Ft'e neh)
Et"itish
Danish
OK

Finnish
;-

A ustt"ian/Get"nlan

Apply

Dutch
Cancel

Italian
swiss (Ft"eneh)

I
I

From the 7-Bit NRCS Selection dialog box, you can select the
following character sets:
• Austrian/German (See Figure 6-1.)
• Dutch (See Figure 6-2.)
• Italian (See Figure 6-3.)
•

Swiss (French) (See Figure 6-4.)

•

Swiss (German) (See Figure 6-5.)

• Swedish (See Figure 6-6.)
• Norwegian (See Figure 6-7.)
• BelgianIFlemish (See Figure 6-8.)
• BelgianlFrench (See Figure 6-9.)

Using DECterm

6-17

•

Spanish (See Figure 6-10.)

• Portuguese (See Figure 6-11.)
The following figures illustrate these character sets.

6-18

Using DECterm

"TI

<0'
Figer
eaan

Imprimer

eaan

Mode de
fonet.

Donn)
Conn.

Couper

F10

F11
(ESC)

F12
(BS)

F13
(LF)

F14

----

Ecran figs

Cat. compo Attendre

c:
CD

F17

F18

F19

F20

-cr»
c:

...

!4.
Q'
::::J

.........

3
c
::::J

n::r

Q
ZK-0388A-GE

...~

S!?
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o
m

o
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CD

1:
-0

!!.

o
C

o
<D

~~D ~~~~~~ SET-UP ~~~

COM
LlJN

FlO

Fl1

F12

F13

(ESC)

(BS)

(IF)

F14

----

BEELDVAST

SAMENST

WACHT

cO·
F17

F19

F18

c:::

F20

~
PFI

'Pf2"'"'"'

PF3

PF4

~h:~?:::::::::::~:~:::::::::::::llt::::::::::::·:::::
~:?:·:·:·:·:·:·~l:.?·"·:·:·:·11~1tzzf::.
,;

CD
C

tE;z11~~I~
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3
1<:

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C

ZK-0389A-GE

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Slanpa

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Impostaziale

Datil
Coli

Interr
<Xl!1lITlJI1ic

FlO

Fll
(EC5)

F12
(85)

F13
(LF)

F14

----

Sdlermo bIoccado Q

Ccrnposiz

Anesa

F17

F1B

F19

F20

"
cO'
c
CD

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.....
J

CD
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~

o
J
Q

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om

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CD

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o
m
o

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c
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Mode de
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Donn)
Corml.

Couper

FlO

Fll

F12

(ESC)

(85)

F14

----

Eaan flga

Car. compo

Anendre

CD
F17

F1B

F19

F20

PFl

IO'IPF2

10'1 PF3

PF4

I
-I

:::7

~lY::::·:::·::hl.k::::E:i_

en
=e

tr
i~,i::!jt'::j,
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CD

~
~~

Vali-

der

J.,..,..,..,./IJ,...,..,..,.,

::::J

:::7

ZK-0394A-GE

...~

cQ'

Bild
stop

Bild

drucken

Be1riebs- Daten!
modus
Sprechen

"VA

FtO

Fl1

F12

F13

(ESC)

(BS)

(LF)

F14

----

Bildstop

Kombi

Warte

CD
F17

F18

F19

F20

~
-I

::T

~
~

r;"'~'''''''~'''''''~''''''l
:::::::::)<:::: .:))::::):: )?::::::::::.:. /:))::::::',
4

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CD

-o
:::s

::T

ZK-0395A-GE

ea
o
m
o
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a
...~
~

~
c

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:j"

CJ
m

3
HAl
biId

Skriv
bid

SIlIIIIn

DaIorI
Talefon

Bryt
sIndni1g

FlO

Fll
(ESC)

F12
(BS)

F13
(LF)

F14

----

HAl bid

KoIrb

"TI
.0.
F17

F18

F19

F20

t
~

!::':::':::':::'W:~:::':::':::'::Ml-~:::':::':::':1Il:':::::::':::::::;

....=r
CD

ien·

,:<:<:':}:}

:.;':.:';.:';.:':.

.•.:...•.:.•...:.:.

=r
Q

ZK-0393A-GE

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'TI

Skriv
sI<jerm

Datal

Oppset

T....

Bryt

FlO

Fll

F12

F13

(ESC)

(BS)

(LF)

F14

----

HoIdskjerm

SpesIaI

Vent

cO'
e
F17

F18

F19

F20

~
.....
-t

:r
CD

c'
j

o
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en

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m

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5"
CO

o
m

o
-+

3
e!~D ~~~~ SET-UP ~~K

COM
LlJN

F10

F11

F12

(ESC)

(8S)

F13
(LF)

F14

BEELDVAST

- -Q

SAMENST

WACHT

-n

F17

F1a

F19

F20

cO'
I:

t
....

':T

ID'

.:":.:"::.:":..,

!.
cO'
0'
:·::·::;';:;';:;··[Jlb-.-.-.-

::l

........
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3
ZK-0386A-GE

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t:

BUd
stop

Bild
drudl8l1

Betriebs- Datanl
ITlOC1Js
Sprachan

FlO

Fll

F12

F13

(ESC)

(BS)

(LF)

F14

---

Blld stop

Kombi

CD
W8It8

F17

F18

F19

F20

~
-I

~J
-~.
CD
~~::1::':::::::'::~l=::::::::)::~1l:))::::':::;

~~I~I~

r~::J::r~
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ZK-0387A-GE

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a
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en

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m

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en

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CD

3
Parar
pM!aIla

mprimlr
pM!aIIa

Poner
caradores

Datosl
Vos

Cortar

FlO

Fll
(ESC)

F12
(6S)

F13
(LF)

F14

----

Parar pa-11aIa

Compen... Esperar

F17

F18

F20

F19

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10'1 PF2

PF3

PF4

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Hold

Local

Session

Set-Up

SWItch
Session

Break

FlO

Ftl

F12

F13

(ESC)

(BS)

(LF)

F14

Hold SessIon

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Lock

CctI1>ose

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F17

F18

Fig

F20

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Saving and Restoring Customized Features
Once you modify DECterm settings, you can save your changes.
When you save your changes, DECterm uses these settings each
time you create a DECterm window. If you change your mind
and want to use the settings that came with your system, you can
restore the original defaults.
To save customized settings:
• Choose the Save Current Settings menu item from the
Customize menu for routine saving of customized features.
• Choose the Save Current Settings As... menu item from
the Customize menu when you want to save the current
customized features with a new or different file name.
DECterm displays a dialog box.

Ii]

Save Curre nt Setti ngs as
Fi Ie fi Itet'
I/usr/users/jeanne/*,DEct:erm

Se lect rlame fot' co nfig ut'atio n fi le:/ust'!uset's/jean nel
!ust'/uset's!jearl ne/defau It.D ECtenn

~:I

I
I:
I Cancel I
Filtet·

<)q

1(> D

Selection
I/usr!users/jean ne.t1defau It.D ECtet'

The dialog box prompts you for the name of the file you want
to use to save your customized features. The file list box lists
the names of any files in the current directory that contain
customized features. By default, these files have the type
DECTERM.
To use a file name that is not listed, type the name of that file
in the Selection text field and click on the OK button.

6-30

Using DECterm

To restore customized settings:
•

Choose the Use Last Saved Settings menu item from the
Customize menu to restore an existing file.

• Choose the Use System Defaults menu item from the
Customize menu to restore the system defaults.
•

Choose the Use Saved Settings From ... menu item from
the Customize menu to restore previously saved settings.
DECterm displays a dialog box.

Ii]

Use Saved Setti ngs fro m
Fi Ie fi Itet'

I/ust'/users/jean fle/*.D EC~:enn
Se lect co nfig ut"atio n fi le:!ust"/uset's/jean ne/
/ust'/uset"s/jean ne/defau It.D ECtenll

<:) q

0
1(> 0

I
I
Cancel
I
Filtet"
Ok

Selection

I/usr/users/jean ne/defau It,D ECter

The dialog box prompts you for the name of the file you want
to use to save your customized features. The file list box lists
the names of any files in the current directory that contain
customized features. By default, these files have the type
DECTERM. Double click on the file name of the file you want
to use.

Using DECterm

6-31

Copying Information
You can copy text using the Edit Menu.
To copy text:
Select the text you want to copy by pressing and holding MB1,
dragging the pointer over the text, and releasing MB1.
The selected area is highlighted.
2

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to store the
copied text.

Click on the area you want to place the text.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

The selected text is copied to the new location.

Altering DECterm Windows
You can change the size of and clear information from a DECterm
window by using the Commands menu.
Commands

Clear lin e s 0 ff to p
Clear dis play
Resize window
Clear comm
Reset terminal
Quit

6-32 Using DECterm

Clear Lines Off Top
You can erase information stored in the transcript by choosing
the Clear Lines Off Top menu item. The transcript is a memory
buffer that contains the last 100 lines of your screen display. If
you turned on the Record Lines Off Top option from the Customize
menu, you can read the transcript (that is, the lines that scrolled
off the top of your screen) by using the scroll bars.
Clear Display
You can clear all information displayed in a window by choosing
the Clear Display menu item.
Resize Window
You can change the size of a DECterm window by choosing the
Resize Window menu item.
ClearComm
You can clear the communication buffers by choosing the Clear
Comm menu item.
Reset Terminal
You can reset DECterm by choosing the Reset Terminal menu
item. Resetting DECterm restores the currently saved defaults.

Exiting from DECterm
To exit from DECterm and close the DECterm window, choose the
Quit menu item or type logout.

Composing Characters
You can create characters that do not exist as standard keys
on your keyboard by using compose sequences. A compose
sequence is a series of keystrokes that creates characters. You can
create any character from the character set DECterm is currently
using. (To choose a character set, see the section Customizing
DECterm.)
Depending on your keyboard, you compose characters in either of
the following ways:
• You use three-stroke sequences for a VT320 keyboard.
• You use two-stroke sequences on all keyboards except
the North AmericanlUnited Kingdom, the Dutch, and the
N orwegian/Danish keyboards, which all use three-stroke
sequences.

Using DECterm 6-33

To compose a character:
Find the character you want to create in column 1 of
Table 6-1, Table 6-2, or Table 6-3.
2

To compose a three-stroke sequence, press the Compose key
and space bar, and then type the two characters in column 2.
To compose a two-stroke sequence, type the two characters in
column 3. The desired character is displayed.

To cancel a compose sequence, press the Compose key and space
bar, <Rl key, Tab key, Return key, or Enter key.
Note The North American / United Kingdom and Dutch keyboards do

not have diacritical marks. If you use a diacritical mark, DECterm
will use an equivalent character.
Table 6-1

Composing Characters in Multinational Characters
Mode
Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

quotation mark

.. space bar

number sign

Character

apostrophe

' space bar

commercial at

[

opening bracket

( (

backslash

I lor / <

]

closing bracket

) )

I\.

circumflex accent

I\.

grave accent

' space bar

I
}

space bar

opening brace

( -

vertical line

II\.

closing brace

) -

tilde

.... space bar

inverted!

cent sign

C lor C I

, space bar

I\.

space bar

, space bar

.... space bar

(continued on next page)

6-34 USing DECterm

Table 6-1 (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Characters Mode

Character

Three-stroke
Sequence

pound sign

L- or L=

yen sign

Y- or Y=

section sign

SO or S! or SO

currency sign

XO orXO

feminine ordinal

CO or CO
A_

open angle brackets

degree sign

'll

plus or minus sign

superscript 2

superscript 3
micro sign

3"
IV

paragraph sign

middle dot

superscript 1

1"
0_

masculine ordinal
»

closed angle
brackets

fraction onequarter

Two-stroke
Sequence

fraction one-half

inverted?

A
A
A

A grave

A acute

A circumflex

"A
°A

A
A

A tilde
A umlaut

A"
AA" orOOA

A ring

A* orA

-A

(degree sign)

(continued on next page)

Using DECterm

6-35

Table 6-1 (Cont.)

Character

Composing Characters in Multinational
Characters Mode
Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

.IE

A E diphthong

C cedilla

E
E
E
E

E grave

E acute
E circumflex

E'
EA

'E
AE

E umlaut

E" or"E

··E

I grave

f
i
i

I acute
I circumflex

I'
IA

'I
AI

I umlaut

I" or·1

··1

N
0

N tilde
o grave

N0'

-N
'0

6
6

0'
OA

'0
AO

-0
··0

o acute
o circumflex
o tilde
o umlaut
o E diphthong
o slash

U grave

U acute

U
U
y

U circumflex

U'
UA

'U
AU

U" or"U
y" or·Y

()

6
<E

U umlaut
Y umlaut

0" or"O
OE
0/

··U

German small
sharp s

a grave

a acute

a circumflex

a'
aA

'a
Aa

a tilde

-a

(continued on next page)

6-36 Using DECterm

Table 6-1 (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Characters Mode

Character

Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

a umlaut

a" or··a

..a

a ring

a* or aO

°a

(degree sign)
re

a e diphthong

c cedilla

c, (comma)

e
e

e grave

e acute
e circumflex

e'
eA

e umlaut

eft or ··e

i grave

i acute

i circumflex

i'
iA

i umlaut

itt or ··i

n tilde

-n

e
e

o grave

e
'e
Ae

..e
'i
,i
A·1

··i

o acute

, 0

()

o circumflex

o tilde

-0

o umlaut

0" or ··0

..0

o e diphthong

o slash

u grave

u acute

u circumflex

u'
uA

'u
AU

u umlaut

u" or··u

..u

y umlaut

y" or··y

..y

(con tin ued on next pa e)

Using DECterm 6-37

Table 6-1 (Cont.)

Composing Characters in Multinational
Characters Mode

Character

Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

ISO Characters

no break space

sp sp

broken vertical bar

I I or! 1\

logical not

SHY soft (syllable)
hyphen
RO

registered
trademark
macron

RO
1\

34*

3/4

three-quarters

division sign

multiplication sign

acute accent

, ,

cedilla
diereses

6-38

Using DECterm

" "
y,

.. space bar

Yacute

yacute

capital Icelandic
thorn

small Icelandic
thorn

t h

-D

capital Icelandic
Eth

-D

-d

small Icelandic Eth

-d

Table 6-2

Composing Characters in National Replacement
Mode Using Typewriter Keys

Character

Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

British
£

pound sign
grave accent

L- or L=
, space bar

Danish
#

number sign

commercial at

apostrophe
grave accent

++
, space bar
AA
, space bar

Dutch
pound sign

L- or L=

apostrophe

' space bar

one-quarter

one-half

3/4

three-quarters

i j sign

Florin

grave accent

' space bar

acute accent

' ,

diereses

" A

Finnish
#

number sign

(continued on next page)

Using DECterm 6-39

Table 6-2 (Cont.)

Character

apostrophe

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

, space bar

Flemish and FrenchlBelgian
£

pound sign
apostrophe
grave accent

L- or L=
, space bar
, space bar

French Canadian
apostrophe

, space bar
,

a circumflex

a
Aa

e grave
e circumflex

'e
Ae

i circumflex

'e
Ae
A·1

o circumflex

a
a
e

a grave

u grave

u circumflex

a
Aa

U
AU

German/Austrian
apostrophe

, space bar

grave accent

, space bar

Italian
apostrophe

, space bar

(continued on next page)

6-40 Using DECterm

Table 6-2 (Cont.)

Character

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-stroke
Sequence

Two-stroke
Sequence

Norwegian
apostrophe
grave accent

' space bar
' space bar

Portuguese
apostrophe
grave accent

' space bar
' space bar

A
<5

A tilde

-A

o tilde

-0

a tilde

-a

o tilde

-0

Spanish
£

pound sign
apostrophe

' space bar

section sign

!S or OS or OS

grave accent

' space bar

tilde

- space bar

L- or L=

Swedish
#

number sign
apostrophe

++
' space bar

E
e

E acute

' E

e acute

' e

(continued on next page)

Using DECterm 6-41

Table 6-2 (Cont.)

Composing Characters in National
Replacement Mode Using Typewriter Keys
Three-stroke
Sequence

Character

Two-stroke
Sequence

Swiss (French) and Swiss (German)
apostrophe
i circumflex

' space bar
Ae
A'1

Ae
A'1

o circumflex

u grave

u circumflex

u
AU

e circumflex

Table 6-3

Composing Characters in National Replacement
Mode Using Data Processing Keys

Character

quotation mark

" space bar

number sign
apostrophe

++
' space bar

commercial at

aa or AA or aA

[

opening bracket

( (

backslash

]

closing bracket

1<
A space bar

I
}

6-42 Using DECterm

Three-stroke
Sequence

apostrophe

' space bar

opening brace

(

vertical bar

closing brace

)

tilde character

- space bar

7
Using Mail

Mail allows you to exchange messages with other computer users.
You can use Mail to send messages, read messages sent to you,
and print, file, delete, reply to, and forward messages.
This chapter describes how to
•

Send messages

• Read messages
• Reply to messages
•

Forward messages

•

Print messages

•

Create files from messages

• Working with folders
• Customize your Mail environment
• Exit from Mail

.tarting Mail
To start Mail, choose the Mail menu item from UE's Applications
Menu. Mail displays the main window.

Using Mail

7-1

The main window lists your Mail folders and messages. Folders
help you organize your mail messages. You use Mail folders as
you would use folders in your office file cabinet. You might file all
messages on a related topic in one folder. You can create as man)
folders as you need.
Folders can be opened to reveal their contents, and closed to
conceal their contents. To open a folder, double click MBl on the
folder name. To close a folder, double click MBl on name of an
open folder.

7-2 Using Mail

When you enter Mail for the first time, three folders, inbox, drafts,
and wastebasket, are listed in the Folder index. The inbox folder
contains messages that have been sent to you. The drafts folder
contains drafts of messages you create and the wastebasket folder
contains messages that you have deleted.
The inbox is also automatically opened when you enter Mail.
If there are any messages in the inbox, they are listed in the
Message index. Messages are chronologically arranged by date
received. To display messages in a different folder, open that
folder.
Near the bottom of the window is a row of push buttons. These
buttons allow you to execute the tasks you most commonly
perform with messages. Many of the push buttons are disabled
when you first start Mail and remain so until you select a specific
message.
Pressing MB2 over an object in a Mail window displays a pop-up
menu. Pop-up menus contain many commonly performed tasks.
The items on a pop-up menu vary according to the type of object
(folder or message) on which you are positioned, and act on the
object on which you are positioned.
Pop-up menu items and push buttons duplicate pull-down menu
items. Where you can choose among a push button, pop-up menu,
or pull-down menu to execute a task, instructions in this chapter
list one way to accomplish the task. Depending on your working
style, you may prefer to use one of the other methods once you are
familiar with Mail.

;ending Messages
You can create and send a mail message or an existing file to one
user or many users with Mail.

Sending a Message
To send a mail message to any user on your system or another
system, click on the Create-Send button in the main window. A
Create-Send window opens. You can have multiple Create-Send
windows opened at one time.

Using Mail

7-3

call 1\'1ail: Ct·eate
File

Edit

fu~
cc:
Sub,ject:

6
.-

I aose II Reset II Save II Smld I

The Create-Send window is divided into an envelope area and a
message area. The envelope area contains the following items:
Field

Description

To:

In this field you specify the person or persons to whom
you want to send the message. You may enter a user
name, with optional node name. Separate names with
commas.

cc:

In this field you specify users to receive copies of the
message, if desired.

Subject:

The subject of the message (optional).

To enter text in a field, point to the field and click MBI. Enter
your message text in the message area. Use the built-in editing
commands, described in the DECwindows User~s Guide, to correc1
mistakes.

7-4 Using Mail

To send the message, click on the Send button. Once the message
is sent the Send button is dimmed until you begin composing
another message.
To close the window, click on the Quit button. This deletes all text
in the window and closes the window.
To clear the window without closing it, click on the Reset button.
The text in the Create-Send window is erased and the window can
be used to send another message.

Saving a Draft of a Message
Selecting Save allows you to save a draft of the message in the
drafts folder. The message can still be sent or canceled after it
has been saved.

Resuming Work on a Draft Message
You can continue working on a draft of a message that you
previously saved. (See the section Sending a Message for
information on saving a message.)
To resume work on a draft message:
Select a message from the main window.
2

Choose the Use as comp menu item from the main window's
File menu.
When you choose the Use as comp menu item, Mail displays a
Create-Send window that contains the contents of the selected
message.

Including a File in a Message
You can insert an existing file into a mail message.
To include a file in a message:
Choose the Include File... menu item from the Create-Send
window's File menu. Mail displays a dialog box.

Using Mail

7-5

[EEl

lPJJ

Choose file to insert

File filter

11*
Files in lusrlstaff/rO/jeannel
~/94fJNL
~/DW _STATUS.TXT;2

61 Filter I

II
1Cancel I
II

~/Mall
~/addresses

~/bin

~/caLprint.scr
~/cale ndat·_mail

~/cot·e

<:11

PC> 0

Selection

I
The dialog box prompts you for the name of the file you want
to include. The file list box lists the names of all files in the
current directory.

7-6 Using Mail

Double click on the name of the file you want to include.
The contents of the file are displayed in the Create-Send
window. You can edit the file if desired.
You can also use the File Filter text entry field to list a subse1
of files that you can then select from. For exam pIe, to list all
files in another directory with the file type TXT, type the full
directory path -/jones/messages/*.txt- in the File filter text
entry field and click on the Filter button. Then double click 01
the file name of the file you want to include.

Click on the Send button to send the message.

Selecting Messages
Message commands act on messages displayed in the Message
Index pane. To indicate that a message or set of messages are to
be acted on, you first need to select them.
To select a single message, click the left mouse button on either
the message or the envelope icon beside the message.
To select a range of messages from the Message Index pane,
you can follow one of two procedures. The first procedure is to
press MBI on the first message to be selected, drag the mouse
to the last message to be selected, and release MBI. The second
procedure is to select the first message, then place the mouse
pointer on the last message to be selected, and press the SHIFT
key and left mouse button.
To add a message to the current selection, first place the mouse
pointer on the envelope icon of the message to be included in the
selection, press and hold the SHIFT key, and click the left mouse
button.
To select all messages in the open folder, choose the Select all
menu item from the Edit menu in the main window.
To cancel the selection of one object, select another object by
clicking MBl, or position to the selected object and press and hold
the Shift key and click MBI.

Reading Messages
You can use Mail to read an old or new mail message. New
messages are added to the inbox folder; old messages (messages
that have been read) are held in the inbox folder until you move
them elsewhere.

Reading a New Message
To read a new message, click on the Read New Mail button. This
adds new messages to the inbox folder, opens the inbox folder, and
displays the first message received since the inbox folder was last
opened. The message is displayed in a Read window.

Using Mail

7-7

File

Edit

Sequences

Create-Send

Read
{)

I Oose II Reply II Forward II Print II Move II Oelete II Pn:~\'·inw·. 1J nnxt 1
The message pane displays the mail message. Use the scroll bar
to display any text that does not fit in this pane.
The small black square on the pane dividing line is called a pane
adjustment knob. Using this knob you can adjust the relative
size of the panes. Making one pane smaller makes the other pane
larger. This allows you to view more text in either pane without
resizing the window. To use the pane adjustment knob, move to
the knob, press MBl, drag the pane dividing line to the desired
location, and release MBI.
If you receive a message whose contents are not text (such as
a file containing spreadsheet data) the file cannot be viewed in
Mail. Mail displays a message informing you of the problem.
You can print, forward, extract, or reply to the message. See the
appropriate sections of this chapter for information on printing,
forwarding, extracting, and replying to messages.

To continue to read new messages, click on the Next or Previous
button to read the next or previous message in the folder.

7-8 Using Mail

If you receive new mail while reading messages in the inbox,
choose the Read New Mail menu item on the pop-up menu in the
Read window's message pane. This displays the first message
received since the inbox folder was last opened.
To close a Read window, click on the Close button.

Displaying a List of New Messages
You can add new messages to your inbox folder and update the
list of new messages without reading a message. To update the
inbox, click on the Deliver Mail button in the main window. Mail
cannot be delivered if the inbox is open in a Read window or if you
are replying to a message in the inbox.

Reading an Old Message
To read an old message (one that has already been read), point
to the envelope symbol beside the appropriate message in the
Message Index pane and double click MBI.
To read a series of old messages:
Select the messages to be read by holding down the Shift key
and clicking on the desired messages.
2

Move to one of the selected messages, press MB2, and choose
the Read in Default menu item from the pop-up menu.

In the Read window, choose the Next Selected or Previous
Selected menu item from the Read menu to display the next
or previous selected message.

Multiple Read Windows
You can open more than one Read window at one time. This
allows you to read multiple messages at once, or to read new mail
without disrupting the message you are currently reading.
The first Read window you display is your default Read window,
identified by the number 1 in the window's title bar. Additional
Read windows are identified by the number in their title bar, for
example, Read-2, Read-3, and so on.
The default Read window is used to display messages unless you
specify another window. For example, clicking on the Read New
Mail button or double clicking on a message envelope icon in
the main window will display the message in your default Read
window.

Using Mail

7-9

To read new mail in another Read window, choose the New Mail
In New menu item from the main window's Read menu. A new
Read window is opened and the first message received since inbox
was last opened is displayed.
To read an old message in another Read window, select the
message and choose the In New menu item from the main
window's Read menu.
If you have already opened multiple Read windows, you can
specify the window in which to read the selected message by
pulling down the main window's Read menu, dragging the pointer
to the submenu icon next to the In Window menu item, and
releasing MBl over one of the listed Read windows.
To use a different window as the default Read window, choose the
Make Default Window menu item from the Read window's File
menu. The number 1 will be displayed in the window's title bar~
and will be removed from the previous default window's title bar.

Replying to Messages
You can reply to a selected message or to the message currently
displayed in a Read window.
To reply to the first selected or currently displayed message, click
on the Reply button in the main or Read window.
Replying to a message opens a Create-Send window. In the To:
field, Mail inserts the name of the sender of the original message.
In the Subject: field, Mail inserts the subject of the original
message preceded by RE:.
Enter text and make any desired edits.
To send the reply, click on the Send button. To close the CreateSend window, click on the Close button.

Forwarding Messages
You can forward the selected message or the message currently
displayed in a Read window to another user.
To forward the selected or currently displayed message, click on
the Forward button in the main or Read window.
The header (the address information) is included in the forwarded
message in most cases. Headers are not included in messages
created with editors which do not produce ASCII files, such as
files created with DECwindows Paint.

7-10 Using Mail

Forwarding a message opens a Create-Send window. In the
Subject: field, Mail inserts the subject of the forwarded message
preceded by FWD:. In the message area, Mail inserts the
forwarded message.
Enter the address information, and make any desired changes to
the text.
Click on the Send button to send the message. Click on the Close
button to close the window.

Printing Messages
You can print selected messages or the message currently
displayed in a Read window. Messages can be printed using your
default print settings or you can modify the print settings for the
messages being printed.
To print the selected or currently displayed message using
your default print settings, click on the Print button in the
main or Read window. See the ULTRIX Worksystem Software
reference page on the dxmail(lX) command for information about
customizing the print command.
To print the selected or currently displayed message using altered
print settings:
Choose the Print... menu item on the File menu in the main
or Read window.
The Include Message Contents button is set to indicate that
the contents of the message are to be printed. You can disable
this feature by clicking on it, which also disables the Include
Header Information feature.
The Include Header Information button is set to indicate that
the header information (the sender's name, date, subject,
and so on) are to be printed. You can disable this feature by
clicking on it.
2

To change additional print settings, click on the Options ...
button.
See the DECwindows User's Guide for more information about
the Print Defaults dialog box.

Click on the OK button to print the messages.

Using Mail

7-11

Creating a File from a Mail Message
You can create files from mail messages. You can select existing
messages to be copied to a file, or you can create a file from a
message you are reading or creating.
To create a file from the selected or currently displayed message:
Choose the Extract... menu item from the File menu in the
main, Create-Send, or Read window.
2

Enter the name of the file to be created. If you want to append
the message to an existing file, enter the name of that file.

Click on the OK button to create the file.

Deleting and Retrieving Messages
You can delete mail messages, and retrieve deleted messages.
To delete selected messages or the message currently displayed in
the Read window, click on the Delete button in the main or Read
window.
The index is updated to show which messages have been marked
for deletion. Messages are not actually deleted until the folder is
closed. You can still perform many Mail functions on messages
which are marked for deletion, such as moving, copying, and
printing. When the folder is closed, the messages are deleted and
reference to them is removed.
Once the wastebasket is emptied, the deleted messages are
irretrievable.
To reverse the delete operation in the main window, before the
folder is closed select the messages to be retrieved, pull down the
Edit menu, and choose the Undo MovelDelete menu item.
To undo the delete operation in a Read window, choose Undo
MovelDelete menu item from the Edit menu.
To update the index of messages to reflect that the messages
have been moved to the WASTEBASKET folder, either select
the Cornmit Changes menu item from the Maintenance menu in
the main window or reopen the folder that contains the deleted
message.
If the m~ssage has already been moved to the WASTEBASKET,
you can retrieve the lnessage by moving it to another folder. See
the section Moving and Copying Messages to Another Folder for
more information about moving messages between folders.

7-12 USing Mail

Working with Folders
You can create and delete folders, move and copy messages
between folders, an'i renumber and sort messages within folders.
These options are described in the following sections.

Creating New Folders
To create a new folder, choose the Create folder... menu item from
the Maintenance menu in the main window.
Mail displays a dialog box in which you enter the name of the
new folder to be created. Folder names are limited to
39 characters and can contain letters, numbers, spaces, periods,
dashes, underscore~, and dollar signs.

Deleting Folders
To delete folders, select the folder to be deleted, then choose
the Delete folder... menu item from the Maintenance menu. If
the folder is not empty, Mail displays a dialog box in which you
confirm whether to delete the folder or cancel the delete request.
If you attempt to delete the inbox folder, all messages in the inbox
are deleted but the folder is not deleted.
When a folder is deleted, any messages that existed in the folder
are placed in the wastebasket folder and can be retrieved until the
wastebasket folder is emptied.

Moving and Copying Messages to Another Folder
You may move or copy a message or group of messages from one
folder to a different folder. Moving messages to another folder
removes them from the original folder. Copying messages to
another folder does not remove them from the original folder.
You can move and copy messages from either the main or Read
windows.

To move selected messages or the message currently displayed in
the Read window:
1

Select or display the message to be moved or copied.

Select the folder you are moving or copying the message to.

Click on the Move or Copy button in either the main or Read
window.
When you click on the Move or Copy button, Mail marks the
message appropriately.

Using Mail

7-13

Messages are not actually moved or copied until the folder is
closed. You can still perform many Mail functions on messages
which are marked for moving or copying, such as deleting, and
printing. When the folder is closed, the messages are moved
or copied.
To undo the move or copy operation in the main window, select the
messages to be retrieved and choose the Undo MovelDelete menu
item from the main window's Edit menu.
To undo the move operation in a Read window, select the Undo
MovelDelete menu item from the Read window's Edit menu. You
cannot undo the copy operation.

Renumbering and Sorting Messages
To renumber your messages in the open folder so they start from
one and increment by one, choose the Renumber Messages menu
item from the Maintenance menu in the main window.
To sort the messages in the open folder in increasing order by
date, choose the Sort by Date menu item from the Maintenance
menu in the main window.
To cause Mail to check and make sure its information about the
folder is correct, choose the Rescan Folder menu item from the
Maintenance menu in the main window.

Picking Messages
Picking messages allows you to create a subset of the messages
in a folder based on their having some criteria in common. This
subset is called a message sequence. You can then perform
functions, such as copying, moving, extracting, or reading, on the
subset of picked messages. In addition, you can open and delete
a specified message sequence by selecting the appropriate menu
item from the Pick menu.
To pick messages, first open or select the folder containing the
messages and choose the Pick from open folder... or Pick from
selected folder... menu item from the Edit menu in the main
window. Mail displays a dialog box.

7-14 Using Mail

~ pick

---',--1'__

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o Skip _ _ _ ,L---o Skip
~
o Skip
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The dialog box allows you to specify the criteria for picking
messages. For example, you could specify that you would like to
pick those messages containing a certain word in the subject, or
those from a certain sender.
You can enter multiple selection criteria to further limit the
messages to be picked. For example, you could enter text in the
From: field and the On: field in the dialog box to pick messages
that the specified user sent to you on the specified day.
Only those messages in the open or selected folder are searched
for the specified criteria.
Once a subset of messages has been picked, the index is updated
to list only the picked messages. When the folder is closed, the
picking criteria is lost. All messages will again be listed in the
index.

USing Mail

7-15

Text fields, which are the first five fields in the dialog box, search
for matching text anywhere in the field and are not case sensitive.
For example, entering the text John in the From: field might pick
messages from Jane Johnson, John Doe, and Olav Bejohnesson.
Each field in the pick dialog box is described in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1

Pick Dialog Box Fields

Field

Function

From:

To pick all messages in the open folder that
were sent from a certain user, enter the user
name of the sender.

To:

To pick all messages in the open folder that
were sent to a certain user, enter the user
name of the addressee or the name of a
distribution list.

Cc:

To pick all messages in the open folder that

were sent as a courtesy copy to certain users,
enter the user names of the addressees.
Date:

To pick messages received on a certain date,
enter the date in the format DD-MMM-YYYY.

Subject:

To pick messages with a common subject,

enter the subject or text included in the
subject.
Search:

To pick messages containing a word or phrase
in the body of the messages, enter the word
or phrase.

Next, enter the appropriate information in the text fields at the
bottom of the dialog box. The date range specifies that messages
received between certain dates and times are picked. Enter the
date and, if desired, the time in the format DD-MMM-Y¥YY
HH:MM:SS.
When you have finished entering the picking criteria, select either
the OK screen button to pick the designated messages, or the
Cancel screen button to cancel the pick.

7-16 Using Mail

Opening a New Main Window
To create a new main window, first select the folder from the
current Mail window. Next, choose the Open In New menu item
from the File menu. A new main window is displayed, and the
current folder is opened.
You can perform all Mail functions on the folders and messages
displayed in this window. You can customize certain Mail features
to suit your working environment by modifying your mail profile.
Modifying your mail profile allows you to alter the way your
messages are sent, stored, and displayed. To modify your mail
profile, choose the Modify mail profile... menu item from the
Customize menu.
The Mail Profile dialog box has the following options:
•

Skip to next message upon deleting current one.

•

Skip to next message upon moving current one.

• Commit changes in a folder upon closing it.
• Renumber messages in a folder after every commit.
• Put deleted messages into wastebasket instead of deleting
immediately.
• Incorporate new messages when invoking Show Unopened
• Buttons affect the current message if no messages are
selected.
• Beep instead of putting up a NoN ew Mail dialog box.
An option is on when the corresponding square is shaded. To turn
an option off, click on the appropriate black square.

Selecting the OK screen button saves the profile settings.
Selecting the Cancel screen button returns the original settings to
the profile, making no changes to the profile as it appeared when
the dialog box was first displayed.
For more information about customizing your mail profile and the
Mail window, see the ULTRIX Worksystem Software reference
page dxmail(lX).

Using Mail

7-17

Exiting from Mail
To exit from the Mail application, choose the Exit menu item from
the main window's File menu. The main window and any open
Read or Create-Send windows are closed. Open folders are closed.
If Create-Send windows have been modified, for example, if a
message has been created but not sent, Mail displays a dialog box
asking if you really want to exit.
If multiple main windows are open, the File menu contains the
Close menu item rather than Exit. Choosing Close closes only the
main window from which Close is chosen. When there is only one
remaining main window, its File menu contains the Exit menu
item.

7-18 Using Mail

8
Using the Notepad Editor

The Notepad editor is a text program that lets you do everyday
tasks, such as recording messages, writing letters, and building
data files.
The Notepad editor saves your notes in files, which you can store
for later revision or incorporation into other files.
This chapter describes how to
• Start the editor
• Type and format text
• Edit a file
• Name a file
•

Open a second Notepad

• Open an existing file
• Merge files
• Find and replace text
• Exit from an editing session

tarting the Notepad Editor
To start the Notepad editor, choose the Notepad menu item from
UE's Applications menu.
Notepad displays an empty editing window, in which you can
type text from the keyboard or copy in an existing file for editing.
Notepad is interactive, so you see the changes to a file as you
make them.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-1

(;!l16ll

~ Notepad: Untitled (Read OnlY)
File

Edit

Navigate

Options

Help

Typing Text
To enter text in the Notepad window, give the window input focuf
and begin typing text from the keyboard. Notepad enters the tex1
at the position marked by the text insertion cursor. Initially, the
insertion cursor is displayed in the upper left corner, but it movel
right as you type.
The Notepad inserts text into a temporary holding area called a
buffer. The contents of the buffer appear in the Notepad windov
At the beginning of an editing session, the buffer may contain ver
little text, but the buffer grows longer as you add information.

8-2 Using the Notepad Editor

A buffer exists only during the editing session. When you end an
editing session, you direct the Notepad editor to save or discard
the contents of the buffer.

FormaHing Text
Use the Tab key, the space bar, and the Return key to arrange
text in the Notepad window as you want it to appear.
You can also size the Notepad window so it has the line width you
want. Notepad wraps text lines at the right margin automatically
so you do not have to press the Return key at the end of every
line.

Scrolling the Buffer
As your text buffer grows, it extends beyond the frame of the
Notepad window. To view text at the beginning or end of the
buffer, use the vertical scroll bar along the right side of the
window. The position of the slider indicates your position in the
buffer. When the slider is at the top of the scroll bar, you are at
the beginning of the buffer. When the slider is at the bottom of
the scroll bar, you are at the end of the buffer.

Editing a File
The Notepad navigation and editing commands let you move
within a text buffer quickly and easily, adding or modifying
information.

Positioning the Cursor
When you insert text in the buffer, Notepad adds the text at
the current cursor position, pushing existing text to the right.
Therefore, the cursor is normally positioned at the spot where you
last entered text.
To move the text insertion cursor, position the pointer anywhere
in the Notepad window or on your workstation screen where there
is text or spaces and click MBI.
With a long buffer, reposition the text cursor using menu items
from the Navigate menu. Choose the Go To Top menu item to
move to the top of the buffer. Choose the Go To Bottom menu item
to move to the bottom of the buffer.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-3

To reposition to a specific line in the buffer:
Choose the Go To Line... menu item from the Navigate menu.
The Notepad displays a line dialog box.
2

Type the line number.

Press the Return key or click on the Go To Line button.

Notepad repositions the cursor to the specified line.
Another method of positioning on a certain line is to select the
line number in the text buffer and choose the Go To Selected Line
menu item on the Navigate menu.

Selecting Text
In order to delete, move, or copy text in a buffer, you must first
select it. Select text by pressing and holding MB1, dragging the
pointer over the text, and releasing MB1. This highlights the
selected text. Notepad stores this text until you tell it what to do.

Deleting Text
Use the Delete key to erase a few characters. To delete a line or
a section of text, select the text and press the Delete key or begin
inserting new text. Inserting new text causes the selected text to
be deleted and the new text to take its place.

Canceling an Edit
To cancel your most recent edit, choose the Undo menu item on
the Edit menu. For example, if you remove text with the Cut
menu item, you can restore the text to its former location with th4
Undo menu item.
Notepad keeps a detailed record of all your edits so you can undo
a series of edits. To cancel a series of edits:
Choose the Undo ... menu item from the Edit menu.
Notepad displays the Undo dialog box.
2

Click on the Undo screen button to cancel the last editing
operation.
Each time you click on the Undo button, the Notepad cancels
another editing operation.

If you undo an editing operation by mistake, reinstate the
edits by clicking on the Redo screen button.

To complete the operation, click on the Dismiss screen button

8-4 Using the Notepad Editor

You can cancel all the edits of an editing session in one step by
choosing the Revert menu item from the File menu. The Notepad
restores the buffer to the state it was in when you first opened the
file.

Moving Text
Because the Notepad saves the last text you selected and deleted,
you can move text from one location in the text buffer to another
location.
To move text in a buffer:
Select the text you want moved to another location.
2

Choose the Cut menu item from the Edit menu.

Move the text cursor to where you want the deleted text
inserted by positioning the pointer and clicking MBI.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

The deleted text is moved to the new location.

Copying Text
Because Notepad keeps track of your selected text, you can copy
text from one location in a text buffer to another location. To copy
text in the text buffer:
1

Select the text you want copied to another location.

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu to store the
copied text.

Move the text cursor to where you want the selected text
copied by positioning the pointer and clicking MBI.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

The selected text is copied to the new location.

Including an Existing File
You can include an existing file to the text buffer that you are
currently editing.
To include a file
Move the text cursor to where you want the included file
placed.
2

Choose the Include File... menu item from the File menu.
Notepad displays the Open File dialog box.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-5

Either select the file from the files listed in the dialog box or
type the name of the file that you want to include.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

The contents of the included file appear in the editing window at
the location you specified.

Saving Text in a File
When you add text to Notepad, the editor records the information
in the buffer. Because a text buffer exists only for the editing
session, if you want to save the contents of the buffer you must
direct Notepad to write your text to a file.
To save the text in your buffer as a file:
Choose the Save As... menu item from the File menu.
Notepad displays a dialog box that prompts you for the name
of the file.

~ Note pad: Untitled
Fi Ie

Ed it

Nav igate
Save As

I Ok II

0 ptio ns

,........!::II====;:-_______
Cancel

He I p

n
6-

~~II
2

Type the name of the file, assigning a name that corresponds
to the contents of the file so that you can easily recognize
it. Use the Delete and arrow keys to make any necessary
corrections.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

Notepad writes the contents of the buffer to the new file and post~
the file name in the title bar of the editing window.
When you make changes to an existing file, it is also necessary
to save the changes. Once a file has a name, use the Save menu
item to update the file.

8-6 Using the Notepad Editor

Opening a Second Notepad
You can open a second Notepad window without closing the first
window. To create a second notepad window, choose the New
menu item from the File menu. A second Notepad window opens.
Figure 8-1

The New Notepad

&1 Notepad: Untitled (Read Only)
File

Edit

106lJ

Na\.igate

Options

Help

~I Notepad: untitled (Read Only)
File

Edit

Navigate

Options

The editing you do in the second Notepad window can be
completely independent of the first notepad, or you can copy
and paste text from one notepad window to the other.

:>pening an Existing File
When you want to edit an existing file, you direct Notepad to open
the file and read its contents into the Notepad buffer.
To open an existing file:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-7

Notepad displays the Open File dialog box.
---

File filter

!I*.*
Files in lusrlstaff/rO/jeannel

I
II
J
I Cancel I
Filter
Ok

<) q

I (:> D

Selection

II
2

Either select the file from the files listed in the dialog box or
type the file name.

Press the Return key or click on the OK button.

The contents of the file appear in the editing window and Notepa(
displays the file name in the title bar.

Merging Files
Whether you are writing a letter or a computer program, you can
often save time by combining pieces of information from other
letters or programs that you have written.

Copying Text from One Notepad to Another
To copy text from one notepad to another:

8-8

Select the text that you want to copy.

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu.

Position the pointer in the other notepad window at the point
where you want to insert the copied text.

Using the Notepad Editor

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.

Notepad inserts the copied text at the desired location, leaving the
text in the other notepad intact.

Searching for Text
You can search a text buffer for any text, such as a word, a
number, or any other characters that you can type with your
keyboard. Because Notepad treats spaces as text, you can search
for two or more words. The Notepad searches the buffer from the
current cursor position and highlights the first occurrence of the
text string.
Choose the Next... menu item from the Search menu.
Notepad displays the Find dialog box.
Note ad: Untitled
File
Edit
Seat"Ch

Navigate
Find

Options

Help

~1~I~N~em~II~~pr~e~vi~o~us~I~~D~i~sm~is~s~l~II I

Type the text string you want to locate.

Click on the Next screen button to initiate a search from the
current position to the end of the file.

You can continue to search for the text string by clicking on the
Next screen button in the Find dialog box.
By default, the Notepad performs a case sensitive search. Choose
the Set Search Options... menu item from the Options menu to
make searches insensitive to case. A highlighted case sensitive
button indicates that a case sensitive search is in effect.
Notepad can also search a text buffer for a character pattern.
You can add characters or delete characters from the search
string during the search operation, and the Notepad returns to
the initial search position in the buffer and looks again for the
modified pattern. Choose the Next Incremental... menu item to
search for patterns.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-9

Replacing Text
The Notepad editor can replace one text string with another
text string. This is especially useful if you have spelled a word
incorrectly throughout a long file and you want to fix every
occurrence of the misspelled word.
To replace a text string:
Choose the Replace AlL. menu item from the Search menu.
Notepad displays a dialog box.

~ Notepad: Untitled
File

Edit
Old

r.!l

Navigate

rr===~====~-r==~

Replace Once

Skip

Options
New

Hel

II~--r=====~
Dismiss

Type the old text that you want the Notepad to replace and
press the Tab key to move the cursor to the next text entry
field.

Type the new text that you want substituted and press the
Return key.

Click on the Replace All button to initiate the replacement.

Click on the Dismiss button.

If you choose individual replacements, the Notepad searches
the buffer from the current cursor position and highlights the
first occurrence of the text. Click on the Replace Once button to
replace the text with the new text. To skip an occurrence, click
on the Skip button. To replace text in a selected range, select the
text you want to perform a replace operation on and choose the
Replace Within Selected Area... menu item from the Search menu.

Exiting from an Editing Session
To discard the edits from a session and close the editing window,
choose the Quit menu item from the File menu.

8-10

Using the Notepad Editor

Using Journal Files
The Notepad editor keeps a record of changes made to a file
so it can reconstruct any editing session that is interrupted
because of a system failure. (Failures occur for example, when a
thunderstorm interrupts the electrical power.)
The record, called a journal file, usually exists only while an
editing session is active. However, the file remains if the session
ends abnormally.
When you attempt to edit a file that has a journal file associated
with it, Notepad displays the Recover dialog box, and asks you
whether you want the previous edits restored.
If a session is interrupted before you create a file, the Notepad still
saves your keystrokes in a journal file and assigns the untitled
buffer a file name. The file name has the format nnnnnnnn.JNL,
where nnnnnnnn is a process number that uniquely identifies the
file.
To recover the session:
1

Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.

Look at the list of files in your current directory. Select a file
in the nnnnnnnn.JNL format, created on the appropriate day.
The Notepad displays a Recover dialog box, asking you to
confirm the recovery.

Click on the Yes button.

Using the Notepad Editor 8-11

9
Using Paint
Paint is a graphics program that lets you create any kind of
simple picture, such as a sketch, an illustration, or a map. From
an assortment of art tools, you can choose those that enhance your
picture, adding any details and accents it requires.
The Paint program can save your pictures for later use, print them
on different kinds of printers, or copy them to other applications.
You can also project these pictures on your terminal screen with
the DDIF Viewer.
This chapter describes how to
•

Start Paint

•

Select tools and menu items

•

Erase

• Draw lines and shapes
•

Introduce patterns into paintings

•

Use the paintbrush

•

Edit paintings

•

Insert text

•

Size and scroll the canvas

•

Print paintings

•

Exit from Paint

Using Paint 9-1

Starting Paint
To start Paint, enter the following command in a DECterm
terminal emulator window:
% dxpaint &

The Paint program displays a drawing window that is bordered by
a tool palette.

~jj

fiil

" ""'0

D
0

ZK-0119A-GE

The Paint window frames a portion of the canvas. Horizontal and
vertical scroll bars indicate the percentage of the canvas displayed
in the Paint window.

Learning the Basics
Paint is a bitmap graphics program, which means that it treats
pictures as a collection of dots called pixels. Different drawing
tools, such as the pencil, the paintbrush, and the text tool, edit th€
color of the pixels to either the foreground color or the background
color to create a pattern. Because the Paint canvas has so many
pixels in every square inch, you do not actually see patterns of
dots. Instead you see a collection of lines, shapes, and text.

9-2 Using Paint

You can begin to understand Paint by modifying a sample picture
called the Clock Tower. To display the Clock Tower:
In the Paint window, choose the Open... menu item from the
File menu.
The Open Picture dialog box displays the names of any
gra phics files in the current directory.

File filter
j:[*.ddif
Picture name:

I Filter I
II

•

I Cancel I

<lD~D
Selection

Type in the picture file name,
/usr/examplesIDDIF~aphics/clocktower.ddif.
DDIF is the standard format of a Paint file.

Click on the OK button or press the Return key.

Paint displays the Clock Tower picture. See Figure 9-1. You can
use the Clock Tower to practice selecting tools and to experiment
with some of the Paint menu items.

Using Paint 9-3

Figure 9-1

The Clock Tower

ZK-0126A-GE

Picking Out Tools
The tool palette offers a variety of art tools and basic shapes. Ym
can work with a pencil, a paintbrush, a can of spray paint, or a
paint bucket. The shapes on the tool palette let you build picture
quickly and easily.

9-4 Using Paint

Notice in Figure 9-1 that the paintbrush tool is highlighted,
indicating it is the current default. Only one tool on the tool
palette is active at a time and that tool remains active until you
make another selection.
Try changing the time on the Clock Tower. First, select the eraser

to delete the current time. To use the eraser:
Place the pointer in the tool palette, position it on the eraser
tool, and click MB1.
2

Move the pointer into the drawing window, position it in the
center of the clock face, and click MB1.
The eraser is now active in the window.

Gently drag the eraser along each hand of the clock,
eliminating the current time.

Now, draw in the current time, using the straight line tool:
Point to the straight line tool on the tool palette and click
MB1.
2

Position the pointer in the center of the clock face and press
MBl.
The straight line tool is now active, and one end of the line is
anchored at the center of the clock. You can stretch and swing
the line from the center point by moving the mouse. Try it.

Drag the pointer from the center of the clock to the current
hour postion. Once the line points to the correct time, release
MB1.

Add a second line in the same manner for the minute hand.

If you make a mistake, choose the Undo menu item from the Edit
menu.

Selecting Menu Items
Using the menu items in the Paint program, you can create
special effects with a painting.
For example, the Invert menu item on the Edit menu creates a
negative image of a painting. The Paint program can reverse the
tones of the Clock Tower, switching the foreground color and the
background color.
1

Click on the selection box tool.

Move the pointer into the drawing window and select the
Clock Tower.

Using Paint 9-5

Choose the Invert menu item from the Edit menu.

Paint repaints the Clock Tower, making a negative of the original
image.

Saving a Painting
To save your version of the Clock Tower:
Choose the Save As... menu item from the File menu.
Paint displays a dialog box and prompts you for a file name.

Fil e filte t·
n*·ddif
Picture name:
{)

I~) DDIF

Filter

o Xll
Ok

Cancel

<)0(> D
Selection

Type a file name using the form ""/filename.DDIF
so that Paint saves the picture in your login directory.

Click on the OK button or press the Return key.

Printing a Painting
To print the Clock Tower, choose one of the Print menu items
from the File menu. The Print menu item sends the painting to
the default printer, whereas the Print As... menu item displays
the print dialog box. Complete the dialog box as described in the
DECwindows User's Guide.
Paint supports output to both PostScript and sixel printers, such
as the LA50 and LAI00. When printing on a LA50, set an aspect
ratio of 2:1. All other printers have a 1:1 ratio.
9-6

Using Paint

Erasing
There are several ways to erase in Paint:
• Use the eraser tool.
• Select the area using the selection box tool or the scissors tool.
Or, select the entire canvas using the Select All menu item
from the Edit menu. Then choose the Clear menu item from
the Edit menu.
• Choose the Undo menu item from the Edit menu to erase the
last Paint operation.

Drawing Lines and Shapes
The bottom half of the tool palette contains a collection of line and
shape tools that you use in a similar way. Whenever you draw a
straight line or a shape, the point where you click MBl becomes
its reference point. That is, you can stretch and swing the line
or shape from this reference point by dragging the pointer, as
illustrated in Figure 9-2. When the shape is correct, anchor it in
place by releasing MB1.
For example, to draw a rectangle:
Click on the rectangle tool.
2

Position the pointer in the drawing window where you want
one corner of the rectangle to be. Press MBl and drag the
pointer diagonally across the drawing surface until the
rectangle has the desired width and height. (Notice how you
can stretch and shrink the rectangle, even flip it over.)

Release MBl to anchor the shape.

Using Paint 9-7

Figure 9-2

Drawing Simple Shapes

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If you want to line up a series of shapes or draw them equidistant
to each other, choose the Grid menu item from the Options menu.
It superimposes a horizontal and vertical pattern of dots on the
drawing window, as shown in Figure 9-3, that serves as a guide,
yet does not become part of your picture.

9-8 Using Paint

Figure 9-3

Drawing Aids

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Varying Line Width
Lines drawn with the shape tools can be thick or thin. To change
the current line width:
Choose the Line Width... menu item from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

Using Paint 9-9

Line

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ZK-0122A-GE

Click on the line thickness you want.

For example, to draw polygons with different kinds of borders,
choose the line width you want and then do the following:
1

Click on the polyline tool to make it active.

Mter positioning the pointer in the drawing window, drag
the pointer to create one side of the polygon. Drag to create
additional sides and double-click on the final corner.

Most of the time, geometric shapes or figures are opaque so
you cannot see what lies behind them. However, using the
Transparent menu item from the Options menu, you can let
background images show through foreground images.

9-10 Using Paint

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Using PaHerns
Lines and shapes do not need to be a solid color. They can be
striped, speckled, woven, dotted, and so on.
The line and shape tools, the spray can tool, and the paintbrush
tool can paint patterned lines and borders. To use patterned lines:
Choose the Patterns... menu item from the Options menu.
Paint displays the Patterns palette, which provides a selection
of designs. See Figure 9-4.

Using Paint 9-11

Figure 9-4

The PaHerns PaleHe

Outline Pattern
Foreground Color

Patterns

Background Color

[5]

Fill Pattern
No Color

ZK-0144A-GE

Click on the outline button to change the current outline
pattern, which is solid.

Click on any pattern.
Notice that the pattern you clicked on is displayed in the
outline button, indicating it is the active pattern.

Click on the shape tool you want to use.

To create shapes with patterned centers:
Choose the Patterns... menu item from the Options menu.
Paint displays the Patterns palette, illustrated in Figure 9-4.

9-12 Using Paint

Click on the Fill button to select a fill pattern.

Click on any pattern on the palette.
Notice that the pattern you click on is displayed in the Fill
button, indicating it is the current default.

Click on any tool you want to use. The geometric shape tools
and the paint bucket tool use the current fill pattern.

After positioning the pointer in the drawing window, drag the
pointer to create a shape with a patterned center.
If you are using the paint bucket tool, position the pointer
inside an enclosed shape. Any opening in the border causes
the paint to spill out onto the canvas.

Creating Your Own Patterns
With Paint, you can create your own patterns and store them
on the pattern palette during a Paint session. You create your
own pattern from any of the patterns on the palette except the
solid foreground and solid background patterns, illustrated in
Figure 9-4.
To create your own pattern:
Decide whether you want an outline or a fill pattern, then
click on the appropriate button on the Pattern palette.
2

Choose a pattern from the palette that is closest to what you
want and click on it. Paint also provides a few blank patterns
at the end of the palette that you can customize.

Choose the Edit Pattern... menu item from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

ZK-0147A-GE

Notice that this dialog box contains two boxes. In the lefthand box you see the pattern you chose from the palette. In
the right-hand box you see the same pattern magnified.
While you are editing a pattern, the Edit Pattern dialog box
has input focus, and the pointer assumes the shape of a pencil.
4

In the Edit Pattern dialog box, edit the magnified version of
the pattern to create the effect you want.
Use the pencil to draw over pixels or click on individual pixels.
The pencil tool turns a background pixel to the foreground
color and a foreground pixel to the background color.
Refer to the pattern shown in the left-hand box to see how the
magnified pattern looks under normal conditions.

Click on the OK button to complete the pattern and return to
the drawing window.

Using Paint 9-13

The edited pattern is available on the Pattern palette for the rest
of the session, replacing the original pattern.

Using the Paintbrush
For an elegant stroke, one that creates a calligraphic effect, use
the paintbrush. The paintbrush tool applies paint along the path
of the pointer. Initially, the paintbrush has a solid stroke, but you
can choose a patterned stroke by changing the outline pattern on
the Patterns palette, as described in section Using Patterns.
To shape the tip of the paintbrush:
1

Click on the paintbrush tool.

Choose the Brush Shape... menu item from the Options menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

1b!l1

Brush Shapes

•

•
•

• •
• •

ZK-0123A-GE

9-14 Using Paint

Click on the brush shape you want.

Move the pointer into the drawing window and try out the
new brush stroke.

Editing Paintings
With Paint's electronic canvas, you can easily rearrange images in
the drawing window. You can delete images entirely, move them
to another part of the window, or copy them. The Paint program
can also size selected images, shrinking them or enlarging them
as you wish. It can also crop a painting, retaining one section of
the canvas while discarding the rest. For further effect, Paint can
invert the foreground and background colors in a selected area.

Selecting Images
Two selection tools, the box and the scissors, mark a portion of the
drawing window for a graphics operation. The selection box tool
marks a rectangular area, while the selection scissors tool marks
an area with an arbitrary shape. You can select the entire canvas
with the Select All menu item on the Edit menu.
To use the selection box tool, position the pointer in one corner
of the area to be selected and drag the pointer over the desired
image.

To use the selection scissors tool, drag the pointer around the
boundary of the desired object until you reach the starting point.
Paint stores the selected image until you tell it what to do.

Moving Images
You can move an image from one location in the Paint window to
another. To move an image:
1

Select the image.

Position the pointer inside the selected area and drag the
image to the desired location.
You can cancel the selection by clicking in another part of the
window or by selecting another tool.

Copying Images
Once you select an image on the canvas, you can copy the image
to the clipboard, leaving the original image intact. Then paste the
clipboard image onto the canvas. Paint can paste graphic images
from the clipboard, but it cannot paste text.
To copy an image:
Select the image.

Using Paint

9-15

Choose the Copy menu item from the Edit menu.
Paint copies the image to the clipboard.

Choose the Paste menu item from the Edit menu.
Paint takes the image from the clipboard and puts it on the
canvas, leaving it selected.

Position the pointer in the selected image and drag it to the
proper location on the screen.
You can cancel the selection by clicking on another tool or by
selecting another image.

Resizing Images
You can also modify the proportions of selected images. Use
the Scale menu item from the Edit menu to enlarge or shrink a
selected image. To scale an image:
1

Select the image.

Choose the Scale menu item from the Edit menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

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ZK-0316A-GE

9-16 Using Paint

Type a number less than 100 to shrink the figure by the
desired percentage or a number greater than 100 to expand
the figure.

Click on the OK button to complete the operation.

Cropping a Picture
Many times, one section of a painting develops so well that you
decide to keep it, discarding the rest of the canvas. Use the Crop
menu item to extract a portion of the picture. To crop a picture:
1

Select the section of the picture you want to keep.

Choose the Crop menu item from the Edit menu.
Paint repositions the cropped picture in the upper left corner
of the window and discards the rest of the painting. You can
restore the original picture with the Undo menu item.

Editing in Detail
Not only does Paint magnify patterns in the Edit Patterns dialog
box so you can see them better, it also magnifies portions of the
canvas with the Zoom On menu item. Zoom acts like a magnifying
glass in the drawing window, enlarging an image to eight times
its original size.
To magnify a portion of a painting:
Choose the Zoom On menu item from the Options menu.
The Zoom window opens beside the Paint window and a
magnifying frame is displayed in the Paint window itself.
The magnifying frame in the Paint window demonstrates the
size of the image that Paint magnifies in the Zoom window.
You can resize the Zoom window to edit a larger area of the
canvas.

Using Paint 9-17

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ZK-0145A-GE

Place the pointer inside the magnifying frame and drag the
frame over the image that you want to edit.
Notice that the Zoom window contains an enlarged version
of the image that is defined by the magnifying frame in the
Paint window.

Select the pencil tool from the tool palette.

Bring the pointer into the Zoom window and use the pencil to
add fine details to the image. Either click on individual pixels
or draw over them.
Notice that the image in the drawing window changes as you
edit in the Zoom window, so you can see how the modified
figure looks in normal proportions. Continue editing pixels
until you are satisfied with the overall effect.

To edit other areas of the drawing window, drag the
magnifying frame to the next location.
Edit the pixels in the Zoom window as before.

To close the Zoom window, display the Options menu and click on
the Zoom Off menu item.

9-18

Using Paint

Inserting Text
You can insert text anywhere in the Paint window. The text can
be different fonts, sizes, and styles, as illustrated in Figure 9-5.
You can change the appearance of text in the drawing window up
until the moment you click to complete the text entry. Mer that,
Paint incorporates the text into the graphic image. To insert text:
1

Select the text tool.

Position the pointer in the Paint window where you want to
insert text and click MBI.
Paint inserts a left corner bracket to mark the left margin of
the text entry and displays the text insertion cursor next to it.

Type in text from the keyboard, formatting it with the Tab
and Return keys.

To modify the text font, choose the Family menu item from the
Font menu and display the pop-up menu. Click on the type of
font that you want.

Change the text from normal to bold face by choosing the
Style menu item on the Font menu. Display the pop-up menu
from the Style item and click on Bold.

To adjust the size of the text, choose the Size menu item and
display the pop-up menu. Click on the pica size that you want.
Paint applies the selections you make to the text you have
already entered.

To complete the entry with its current characteristics, either
move the pointer to another part of the window and click MBI
or select another tool.

The inserted text becomes part of the picture. You can no longer
erase text with the delete key or change its characteristics with
items from the Font menu.

Using Paint 9-19

Figure 9-5

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Sizing the Canvas
The default Paint window shows only a portion of the canvas. Tl:
scroll bars along the right side and the bottom of the window let
you view the entire canvas. The position of the slider indicates
your position in the canvas. When the slider is at the top of the
scroll bar, you are at the beginning of the canvas. When the slidE
is at the bottom of the scroll bar, you are at the end of the canva:
You can resize the Paint window to frame the entire canvas by
clicking on the resize button.
You can also tailor the size of a Paint canvas. To alter the canva:
Choose the Picture Size... menu item from the Customize
menu.
Paint displays a dialog box.

9-20 USing Paint

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Picture Size

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Width:

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The Picture Size dialog box shows the current canvas size
with its dimensions converted to pixels, inches, or centimeters.
2

Click on the Size menu item to display a pop-up menu.

Choose the desired canvas size.

Click on the Dismiss screen button.

Exiting from Paint
To exit from Paint, choose the Quit menu item from the File
menu.

Tool Summary
Table 9-1 lists the tools available on the Paint palette.

Using Paint 9-21

Table 9-1

9-22 Using Paint

Tool Summary

Tool

Action

Box

Select a rectangular area for editing.

Scissors

Select a shape for editing.

Spray can

Apply paint in the current outline pattern. (The
slower the drag, the darker the coat.)

Pencil

Draw a thin line.

Eraser

Delete the image in the path of the pointer.

Paintbrush

Paint a free stroke.

Text

Print what is typed at the keyboard.

Paint bucket

Fill a closed shape with the current fill pattern.

Line

Draw a straight line. Shift-click for a 90-degree or a
45-degree line.

Arc

Sketch a horizontal or vertical arc, depending on
the initial movement after the click. Shift-click for a
quarter circle.

Rectangle

Draw a rectangle. Shift-click for a square.

Square

Draw a square.

Ellipse

Draw an oval shape. Shift-click for a circle.

Circle

Draw a circle.

Free-hand
stroke

Draw a free-hand line in the selected line width and
pattern.

Polyline

Draw a multisided figure with'rounded corners.
Click at each corner, double-click to complete shape.
Shift-click for 45- or 90-degree angles.

10
Using the PostScript Previewer
The PostScript@ Previewer lets you view formatted PostScript
files on your workstation screen without printing them, thus
saving you paper and trips to the printer.
This chapter describes how to
•

Start the PostScript Previewer

• View a PostScript file
•

Customize your PostScript display

• Exit from the PostScript Previewer

.tarfing the PostScript Previewer
To start the PostScript Previewer, enter the following command in
a terminal emulator window:
% dxpsview &

You can specify several options on the command line to specify the
file to be displayed or characteristics of the PostScript Previewer
window. See the ULTRIX Worksystem Software reference page
on the dxpsview(lX) command for information about these
command options.
The PostScript Previewer displays its main window, which is
where you view PostScript files. '

® PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Using the PostScript Previewer

10-1

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1~1 PostScript@ Previewer
Options
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Viewing PostScript Files
To view a PostScript file in the PostScript Previewer window, you
must open it, To open a PostScript file:
Choose the Open... menu item from the File menu.
The Previewer displays a dialog box that prompts you for the
name of the file you want to view. The file list box lists the
nameS of any PostScript files in the current directory.

10-2 Using the PostScript Previewer

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2

Double click on the file name you want to view.
The PostScript Previewer displays the file you specified.

If you want to view a PostScript file that is not listed, type the
name of that file in the Selection text entry field and click on the
OK button. Or, use the File Filter text entry field to list a subset
of files that you can then select from. For example, to list all files
in another directory with the file type PS, type the full directory
path -/jones/project!*.ps-in the File filter text entry field and click
on the Filter button. Then double click on the file name of the file
you want to view.
If the file name of the file you want to view appears in any other
window, you can select that file name and view the file. To view a
file whose file name appears in another window:
1

Select the file name you want to view.

Choose the Open Selected menu item from the File menu.

Using the PostScript Previewer

10-3

The PostScript file you selected is displayed.

Paging Through the Displayed File
The number of the page currently displayed appears in the Status
area in the lower left corner of the window. To view another page
in the displayed file, you can
• Specify the number of the page you want to see
•

Specify the next page

•

Specify the previous page

To view a page whose number you specify:
1

Choose the Display... menu item from the Page menu.

Enter the number of the page you want to see.

Click on the OK button.

The PostScript Previewer displays that page.
To view the next page, you can either choose the third menu
item from the Page menu or click on the Next Page button at
the bottom of the Previewer window. You can continue to page
through the file by choosing the appropriate menu item from the
Page menu or by clicking on the Next Page and Previous Page
buttons.
If you are viewing the first page in the file, the first menu item on
the Page menu and the Previous Page button are unavailable. If
you are viewing the last page in the file, the last menu item on
the Page menu and Next Page push button are unavailable.

Revisiting the Current File
If you make changes to a PostScript file based on what you see
when you view it, you do not have to close the file to see those
changes in effect. By revisting the file currently displayed, you
can see the changes you made. This means you can modify the file
in one window while you are viewing it in another, reprocess the
file to produce new PostScript output, and view the modified file.
To revisit the currently displayed file, choose the Revisit Current
menu item from the File menu. The file is redisplayed from the
beginning.

10-4 Using the PostScript Previewer

Customizing the PostScript Previewer
By customizing the PostScript Previewer, you can
• Change the page size and orientation
• View a specific page without first having to view preceding
pages
• View files either for format or content
• View files that contain unsupported PostScript tray size
directives
• View PostScript files produced by VAX DOCUMENT

Changing the Page Size and Orientation
You can change the size and orientation of a page you want to
view. Changing the page size does not change the size of the
PostScript Previewer window. Instead, the display is formatted (in
length and width) for the page size you specify. Unless you specify
otherwise, the display page size is Letter (8.5 x 11 inches).
To change the page size of the file currently displayed:
Choose the Sheet Selection... menu item from the Options
menu.
The Previewer displays a dialog box.

Using the PostScript Previewer

lO-S

Sheet Sizes

Orie ntatio n

Letter
Legal

ledger
Executi\'e

I Cancel

To choose a sheet size, click on the appropriate size.

The new sheet size takes effect at the next page operation, when
another file is opened, or when the current file is reopened with
the Revisit Current menu item.
You can choose from the following tray sizes:
• Letter (8.5 x 11 inches)
• Legal (8.5 x 14 inches)
• Ledger (11 x 1 7 inches)
• Executive (7.5 x 10.5 inches)

10-6 Using the PostScript Previewer

Unless you specify otherwise, the page is displayed upright at
degrees. You can view the page at 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. To
change the orientation of the page in the Previewer window, click
on the appropriate orientation symbol. The new page orientation
takes effect at the next page operation, when another file is
opened, or when the current file is reopened with the Revisit
Current menu item.

Using Comments
When you choose the Use Comments menu item from the Options
menu, the PostScript Previewer enables special formatting
conventions (if they are already present in the file) that format
pages independently of each other. This means that you can view
page five of a file without having first viewed pages one through
four.
The Use Comments menu item is in effect by default. This is
indicated by the shaded Use Comments option button. If this
option is disabled (indicated by the absence of a shaded option
button) and you receive an error message when attempting to
view a PostScript file, try correcting the problem by choosing the
Use Com.ments menu item.
The Use Comments menu item does not take effect until another
file is opened or the current file is reopened with the Revisit
Current menu item.

Using Bitmap Widths
The' Previewer displays files whose characters are well spaced and
easily read. Notice, however, that the file may not appear on the
screen exactly as it would look when printed.
Sometimes, you may want to view a file for format and layout
and are less concerned with reading the actual text. If you are
viewing a file that looks different on your terminal than it does
when printed-perhaps the columns are not aligned precisely or a
paragraph formatted for right justification appears instead with a
ragged right margin-choose the Using Bitmap Widths menu item
from the Options menu. When you choose this menu item, the
Previewer adjusts the spacing between characters to approximate
the look of a printed page. Notice, however, that the characters
may be densely spaced and difficult to read.
The Use Bitmap Widths menu item, which is off by default, is in
effect if its option button is highlighted. Any changes you make to
this setting will be in effect at the next page operation.

Using the PostScript Previewer

10-7

Using Fake Trays
Some PostScript files contains tray size directives. These are
device-specific PostScript programming language instructions that
tell the printer which tray size to use. For example, a file might
contain tray size directives that instruct the printer to switch from
the letter tray (8.5 x 11) to the ledger tray (11 x 17) while that file
is being printed.
The Previewer does not, however, permit the addition of tray
size directives to PostScript files in this way. If you try to view
a file that contains PostScript tray size directives, the Previewer
displays an error message. To continue viewing the file:
Press RETURN to acknowledge the error message.
2

Choose the Use Fake Trays menu item on the Options menu.
The Use Fake Trays menu item, which is off by default, is in
effect if its option button is highlighted.

Choose the Revisit Current menu item from the File menu
The file is redisplayed from the beginning and the tray size
remains the same.

To change the tray size, use the Sheet Selection dialog box.

Using VAX DOCUMENT Mode
U sing the PostScript Previewer, you can view PostScript files
produced by the VAX. DOCUMENT electronic publishing system.
However, VAX. DOCUMENT Version 1.0 produces PostScript
output that contains at least one font not available in the
Previewer. In addition, special formatting conventions that allow
you to view a page in the middle of a file without having first
viewed the preceding pages are not enabled in VAX. DOCUMENT
PostScript files.
If you try to view a PostScript file produced by VAX. DOCUMENT
Version 1.0 and receive an error message reporting that a font is
unrecognized, correct the problem by choosing the DOCUMENT
Mode menu item. The DOCUMENT Mode menu item, which is off
by default, is in effect if its option button is highlighted.
The DOCUMENT Mode menu item does not take effect until
another file is opened or the current file is reopened with the
Revisit Current menu item.

10-8 Using the PostScript Previewer

PostScript files produced by VAX DOCUMENT Version 1.1 or later
do not require you to enable the DOCUMENT Mode menu item.
To see which version of VAX DOCUMENT has been used to create
a PostScript file, type the PostScript file and look at the first two
lines. If these lines contain the following text, do not enable the
DOCUMENT Mode menu item.
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: VAX DOCUMENT Vl.l

Exiting from the PostScript Previewer
To exit from the PostScript Previewer, choose the Exit menu item
from the File menu. Before exiting, the PostScript Previewer
closes the file being viewed.

Using the PostScript Previewer

10-9

11
Puzzling
The Puzzle is a video version of a number puzzle with slidable
squares.

Starting the Puzzle

••••
••••
••••
•••

To start the Puzzle, enter the following command in a DECterm
terminal emulator window:
% dxpuzzle &

The Puzzle is displayed .

Puzzling

11-1

Puzzle
File Custonlize

Help

7
Playing Around with the Puzzle

The puzzle squares are scrambled. The trick is to arrange them
in ascending order in the fewest possible moves. The Puzzle keeps
track of the number of moves you make.
Click on the square you want to move. Although you can move
only those squares that are adjacent to the blank square, you can
slide an entire row at a time.
To make the Puzzle easier or more challenging, choose the
Settings... menu item from the Customize menu and change the
settings.
Try increasing the number of squares displayed per side. To
change the number of squares on each side, place the pointer on
the number in the slider and drag to the left or right. Click on thE
OK button to change the settings, or the Cancel button to return
to the Puzzle without changing any settings.

11-2 Puzzling

Starting a New Game
You do not have to win one game to start another. To start a new
game and rescramble the squares, choose the New Game menu
item from the File menu.

Exiting from the Puzzle
To exit from the Puzzle, choose the Quit menu item from the File
menu.

Puzzling

11-3

Index
A
Alarm settings, 2-5
Angle Bracket Key, 6-16
Application Cursor Keys, 6-9
Application Keypad, 6-9
ASCII files
displaying, 5-1
!\.uto Repeat, 6-14
!\uto Resize Terminal, 6-5
!\uto Wrap, 6-6

Backarrow/Backspace Key, 6-15
BackarrowlDelete Key, 6-15
3ig Font, 6-5
7-bit character mode, 6-13
3-bit character mode, 6-13
3itmap, 9-2
3linking cursor, 6-7
3lock Cursor, 6-7
3uffer, 8-2

;alculator
accumulator display, 1-1
copying to clipboard, 1-5
correcting mistakes, 1-3

Calculator (cont'd.)
exiting from, 1-6
illustrated, 1-1
memory display, 1-1
order of precedence, 1-4
pasting from clipboard, 1-5
starting, 1-1
using, 1-2
Calendar
creating multiple, 2-1
multiple, 2-10
sharing, 2-10
starting application, 2-2
using the clock in, 2-8
Caps Lock, 6-15
Card
adding to card file, 3-2
opening existing in card file, 3-4
renaming in card file, 3-6
selecting in card file, 3-4
Card file
illustrated, 3-2
opening existing, 3-9
opening new, 3-9
renaming, 3-10
saving existing, 3-11
saving new, 3-10
searching, 3-4
Cardfiler
exiting, 3-12

Index-l

Cardfiler (cont'd.)
starting, 3-2
Card files
merging, 3-11
Card File window
viewing with scroll bar, 3-4
Clear comm, 6-33
Clearing a Display, 6-33
Clock
customizing display, 4-2
exiting, 4-4
setting alarm, 4-3
starting, 4-1
Condensed Font (132 columns), 6-5
Cursor, 6-7
Customize menu
illustrated, 6-2

D
Dark text, light background, 6-7
Day view, 2-3
DDIF (DIGITAL Document Interchange
Format)
defined, 5-1
DDIF file
closing after viewing, 5-4
viewing, 5-2
DDIF file type, 9-3
DDIF Viewer
changing processing options, 5-4
closing files with, 5-4
exiting, 5-5
illustrated, 5-2
starting, 5-1
viewing files with, 5-2
DECterm
7-Bit NRCS dialog box
illustrated, 6-17
Customize Display dialog box
illustrated, 6-6
Customize Window dialog box
illustrated, 6-3
exiting, 6-33
General Dialog Box

Index-2

DECterm
General Dialog Box (cont'd.)
illustrated, 6-8
Keyboard dialog box
illustrated, 6-13
option, 6-7
Ctrl-Q, Ctrl-S = Hold, 6-15
Horizontal Cursor· Coupling, 6-5
Host Status Display, 6-7
Vertical Cursor Coupling, 6-5
DECterm Commands menu
illustrated, 6-32
DECterm features, 6-2
DECterm operating features, 6-2
DECterm window
changing size of, 6-5
changing the big font, 6-5
changing the size of, 6-5
changing the small font, 6-5
creating, 6-1
illustrated, 6-1
Displaying a Cursor, 6-7

E
Erasing Information Stored in the
Transcript, 6-33

F
Files
ASCII
displaying,
DDIF
displaying,

5-1
5-1

H
Horizontal scroll bar
setting in a DECterm window,

Index topic
changing,

3-6

6-4

K
'"", Key, 6-15
Keyboard
changing operating features,
Keyclick, 6-14

6-13

L
Light Text, dark background,
Lines
saving, 6-4
Little Font, 6-5
Lock UDKs, 6-8
Lock User Features, 6-8

M
VI ail
Create-Send window
described, 7-4
illustrated, 7-3
opening, 7-3
exiting, 7-18
folders
creating, 7-13
deleting, 7-13
described, 7-2
main window
illustrated, 7-1
opening a new, 7-1 7
Read window
closing, 7-9
described, 7-8
illustrated, 7-7
opening, 7-7
starting, 7-1
({ail message
copying, 7-13
creating, 7-3
including a draft, 7-5
including a ·file, 7-5
creating a subset of, 7-14
creating files from a, 7-12
deleting, 7-12

6-7

Mail message (cont'd.)
extracting, 7-12
forwarding, 7-10
moving, 7-13
picking, 7-14
printing, 7-11
reading, 7-7
reading new messages, 7-7
replying to, 7-10
retrieving deleted, 7-12
selecting, 7-7
sending, 7-3, 7-5
Mail messages
sorting, 7-14
Margin bell, 6-14
Memory display
calculator, 1-4

N
New Line, 6-8
Normal/80, Condensedll32, 6-5
Normal Cursor Keys, 6-9
Normal Font (80 columns), 6-5
Notepad
cancelling edits, 8-4
exiting, 8-10
formatting text, 8-3
merging files, 8-8
navigating, 8-3
opening a new one, 8-7
recoveri'ng lost edits, 8-11
replacing text, 8-10
saving text, 8-6
scrolling, 8-3
searching for text, 8-9
starting, 8-1
typing text, 8-2
using journal file, 8-11
Numeric Keypad, 6-9

p
Paint
exiting,

9-21

Index-3

Paint (cont'd.)
starting, 9-2
Paintbrush tool, 9-14
Painting
changing line width, 9-7,9-10
changing scale, 9-16
copying images, 9-15
erasing, 9-7
inserting text, 9-19
inverting colors, 9-5
magnifying, 9-17
moving images, 9-15
opening graphics file, 9-3
printing, 9-6
saving, 9-6
selecting an image, 9-15
sizing the canvas, 9-20
using a grid, 9-8
Paint window
clearing, 9-7
scrolling the canvas, 9-20
Pattern
adding to painting, 9-12
creating your own, 9-13
using, 9-7,9-12
Pixel, 9-2
PostScript file
paging through a, 10-4
PostScript files
handling tray size directives in, 10-8
viewing, 10-2
PostScript Previewer
changing page size of display, 10-5
customizing, 10-5
exiting, 10-9
handling structuring conventions
with, 10-7
illustrated, 10-1
opening files with, 10-2
paging through file with, 10-4
starting, 10-1
viewing files for content with, 10-7
viewing files for form with, 10-7
Puzzle

Index-4

Puzzle (cont'd.)
changing settings, 11-2
exiting, 11-3
starting, 11-1

R
Repeat intervals, 2-6
Reposition
Calendar display, 2-17
Resetting DECterm, 6-33
Resize
Calendar display, 2-1 7
Calendar entry, 2-5
Resizing a DECterm Window, 6-33
Restoring Original System Settings
6-31
'

5
Saving and naming a customized file
6-30
'
Saving the current file, 6-30
Scroll bar
using in the Cardfiler, 3-4
Setting the Compose Character Key
6-15
'
Setup
see Customize
Shift Lock, 6-15

T
Terminal emulator
creating, 6-1
Terminal ID, 6-9
Terminal Size (Rows and Columns)
6-6

Text
copying, 8-5
copying in card file, 3-8
deleting in card file, 3-7
finding in card file, 3-4
in a painting, 9-20
Including, 8-5
moving, 8-5

Text (cont'd.)
moving in card file, 3-7, 3-8
selecting in card file, 3-7
Text cursor
moving in card file, 3-7
Today menu item, 2-3
Tool
choosing in Paint, 9-4
drawing lines and shapes, 9-5
summary of Paint palette, 9-21
using shapes in Paint, 9-7
Transparent background, 9-10

Vertical scroll bar
setting in a DECterm window, 6-4
VT100 Terminal Mode, 6-13
VT300 terminal mode, 7-bit controls,
6-13
VT300 terminal mode, 8-bit controls,
6-13
VT52 terminal mode, 6-13

Warning bell,

Underline Cursor, 6-7
UPSS DEC Supplemental, 6-9
UPSS ISO Latin 1, 6-9
Use Last Saved Settings, 6-31

w
6-14

Z
Zoom,

9-17

Index-5

HOW TO ORDER ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
DIRECT TELEPHONE ORDERS
In Continental USA
and New Hampshire,
Alaska or Hawaii
call BOO-DIGITAL

In Canada
call BOO-267 -621 5

DIRECT MAIL ORDERS (U.S. and Puerto Rico*)
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
P.O. Box CS2008
Nashua, New Hampshire 03061

DIRECT MAIL ORDERS (Canada)
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT OF CANADA LTD.
100 Herzberg Road
Kanata, Ontario K2K 2A6
Attn: Direct Order Desk

I INTERNATIONAL I
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
PSG Business Manager
c/o Digital's local subsidiary
or approved distributor
Internal orders should be placed through the Software Distribution Center (SOC), Digital
Equipment Corporation, Westminster, Massachusetts 01473
*Any prepaid order from Puerto Rico must be placed
with the Local Digital Subsidiary:

809-754-7575

ULTRIX
Worksystem Software
DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide
AA-MA88A-TE

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