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EK-1173-UG-003

December 1983

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Document:	VAX-11/730 Hardware User's Guide
Order Number:	EK-1173-UG
Revision:	003
Pages:	84
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-1173-UG-003

VAX-11/730

Hardware
User's Guide

EK-1173-UG-003

VAX-11/730

Hardware
User's Guide

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, April 1982
2nd Edition, August 1982
3rd Edition, December 1983

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be
construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment
Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

Printed in U.S.A.

This document was set on a DIGITAL DECset Integrated Publishing System.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

~amnomo™
DEC
DEC mate
DEC set
DECsystem-IO
DECSYSTEM-20

DEC US
DEC writer
DIBOL
MASSBUS
PDP
P/OS
Professional
Rainbow

RSTS
RSX
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

1.2

SCOPE ............................................................."........................................................... 1-1
THE VAX-11/730 SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 1-1

CHAPTER 2

INSTALLATION

2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.5.1
2.2.5.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.6.1
2.4.6.2
2.4.6.3
2.4.7
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5

GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 2-1
CPU CONTROL AND INDICATORS ................................................................... 2-1
The Console Subsystem ..................................................................................... 2-2
CPU Indicators ................................................................................................... 2-2
CPU Power and Control Switch ........................................................................ 2-2
AUTO RESTART Switch ................................................................................. 2-2
TU58 Cassette Tape Drives ............................................................................... 2-2
Cartridge Loading and Unloading ............................................................. 2-5
RECORD Tab ........................................................................................... 2-5
LA120 CONSOLE TERMINAL .............................................................................. 2-5
LA 120 Indicators ............................................................................................... 2-7
LA 120 Control Keys .......................................................................................... 2-7
LA 120 Set-up Functions .................................................................................... 2-7
Print Head Positioning ..................................................................................... 2-10
Loading Paper or Forms .................................................................................. 2-11
LAlOO CONSOLE TERMINAL ............................................................................ 2-14
LAlOO Indicators ............................................................................................. 2-14
LA 100 Control Keys ........................................................................................ 2-15
LA 100 Set-up Functions .................................................................................. 2-16
Print Head Positioning ..................................................................................... 2-18
Loading Paper or Forms .................................................................................. 2-19
Loading Friction Feed Paper ........................................................................... 2-20
Single Sheet .............................................................................................. 2-20
Roll Paper ................................................................................................ 2-21
Loading Tractor Feed Paper/Forms ....................................................... 2-21
Print Head Adjustment .................................................................................... 2-26
RL02 REMOVABLE-MEDIA DISK DRIVE ........................................................ 2-27
LOAD Switch Indicator ................................................................................... 2-28
READY Indicator and Unit Select Switch ..................................................... 2-28
FAULT Indicator ............................................................................................. 2-29
WRITE PROTECT Switch and Indicator ...................................................... 2-29
Cartridge Loading Procedure ........................................................................... 2-29
Cartridge Unloading Procedure ....................................................................... 2-30
Disk Cartridge Handling and Care .................................................................. 2-31
R80, RASO, RA81 AND RA60 DISK DRIVES ................................................... 2-31
RUN/STOP Switch and Indicator .................................................................. 2-32
FAULT Indicator and Reset Switch ............................................................... 2-32
READY Indicator and Unit Select Switch ..................................................... 2-32
WRITE PROTECT Switch and Indicator ...................................................... 2-32
STATUS 1 and 2 Indicators and Switches ..................................................... 2-32
111

CONTENTS (Cont)
Page
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.8
2.8.1
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.9
2.9.l
2.9.2
2.9.3
2.9.4
2.9.4.1
2.9.4.2
2.10
2.10.1
2.10.2
2.10.3
2.10.4
2.10.5
2.10.6
2.10.7
2.10.8
2.10.9
2.10.10
2.10.11
2.10.12
2.10.13
2.10.14
2.10.15
2.10.16
2.10.17
2.10.18
2.10.19

RA60 CARTRIDGE LOADING AND UNLOADING PROCEDURES ........... 2-32
Loading the Disk Pack ..................................................................................... 2-33
Unloading the Disk Pack ................................................................................. 2-35
TU80 MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVE ........................................................................ 2-35
Control Switches ............................................................................................... 2-35
Drive Status Indicators ..................................................................................... 2-37
Threading and Loading Tape ........................................................................... 2-38
Care of Magnetic Tape .................................................................................... 2-39
BOOTSTRAPPING AND OPERATING THE SYSTEM ................................... 2-39
Power-Up Sequence ......................................................................................... 2-40
Cold Start Sequence - Booting VMS .............................................................. 2-40
Warm Start Recovery (Restart) ...................................................................... 2-41
Shutting Down the System .............................................................................. 2-41
Orderly System Shutdown ....................................................................... 2-41
Emergency System Shutdown ................................................................. 2-41
CONSOLE COMMANDS ...................................................................................... 2-42
Directory (DIR) ................................................................................................ 2-42
Boot (B) ............................................................................................................ 2-43
Test (T) ............................................................................................................. 2-43
Initialize (1) ....................................................................................................... 2-43
Start (S) ............................................................................................................ 2-43
Halt (H) ............................................................................................................ 2-44
Continue (C) ..................................................................................................... 2-44
Examine (E) and Deposit (D) Commands ....................................................... 2-44
Repeat (R) ........................................................................................................ 2-46
Console Mode Control Keys ............................................................................ 2-46
Load (L) ........................................................................................................... 2-47
Next (N) ........................................................................................................... 2-47
Microstep (M) .................................................................................................. 2-48
Test (T) ............................................................................................................. 2-48
Wait (W) .......................................................................................................... 2-48
Indirect (@) ...................................................................................................... 2-48
Binary Load/Unload (X) ................................................................................. 2-48
Console Command Errors ................................................................................ 2-49
Processor Halt Codes ....................................................................................... 2-49

CHAPTER 3

USER MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.4.1
3.3.4.2

GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 3-1
SYSTEM POWER .................................................................................................... 3-1
VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 Power ................................................................ 3-1
VAX-11/730 SBB .............................................................................................. 3-1
LA120 CONSOLE TERMINAL .............................................................................. 3-2
Power Switch, Fuse, and Cover Interlock ......................................................... 3-2
Changing the Ribbon ......................................................................................... 3-2
Error Display ...................................................................................................... 3-3
Self-test Feature ................................................................................................. 3-3
Printing Self-test ........................................................................................ 3-4
Nonprinting Self-test .................................................................................. 3-5
iv

CONTENTS (Cont)
Page
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.7
3.7.1
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.1.1
3.8.1.2
3.8.1.3
3.8.1.4
3.8.2
3.8.2.l
3.8.2.2

LAlOO CONSOLE TERMINAL .............................................................................. 3-5
Power Switch and Fuse ...................................................................................... 3-5
Changing the Ribbon ......................................................................................... 3-5
Self-test ............................................................................................................... 3-8
TU58 CASSETTE TAPE DRIVES .......................................................................... 3-9
Drive Cleaning .................................................................................................... 3-9
Tape Wear ........................................................................................................ 3-10
RL02 DISK SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................... 3-10
Cleaning the Cartridge Cover .......................................................................... 3-10
Profession Cartridge Cleaning .......................................................................... 3-10
Spindle Assembly Cleaning .............................................................................. 3-10
R80, RA80, RA8 l AND RA60 DISK SUBSYSTEMS ........................................ 3-11
Fault Identification Codes ................................................................................ 3-11
TU80 MAGNETIC TAPE SUBSYSTEM ............................................................. 3-15
Cleaning Procedure .......................................................................................... 3-15
Magnetic Heads ....................................................................................... 3-16
EOT/BOT Sensor and Tape Cleaner ...................................................... 3-16
Air Bearings ............................................................................................. 3-16
Top Cover, Tape Deck, and Head Assembly Dust Covers .................... 3-16
Customer Confidence Check ........................................................................... 3-1 7
Power-On Health Check .......................................................................... 3-1 7
Basic Operator Diagnostic Test 01 .......................................................... 3-18

FIGURES
Figure No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19

Title

Page

The VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 ............................................................................ 1-2
THE VAX-11/730 SBB ............................................................................................. 1-3
CPU Control Panels ................................................................................................... 2-1
TU58 Cassette Tape Cartridge .................................................................................. 2-5
LA 120 Keyboard and Control Panel ......................................................................... 2-6
Paper Alignment ....................................................................................................... 2-11
Print Head Adjustment ............................................................................................ 2-12
Tractor Adjustment .................................................................................................. 2-12
Setting Top-of-Form ................................................................................................. 2-13
LA 100 Keyboard and Control Panel ....................................................................... 2-14
Loading Single Sheet Paper ..................................................................................... 2-20
Single Sheet Paper Path ........................................................................................... 2-21
Loading Roll Paper ................................................................................................... 2-22
Roll Paper Path ........................................................................................................ 2-22
Loading Tractor Feed Paper .................................................................................... 2-23
Tractor Feed Paper Path (without Stand) ............................................................... 2-24
Tractor Feed Paper Path (with Stand) ..................................................................... 2-25
Print Head Adjustment ............................................................................................ 2-27
RL02 Control Panel ................................................................................................. 2-28
R80 Control Panel .................................................................................................... 2-31
RA80, RA81 and RA60 Control Panels ................................................................. 2-31

FIGURES (Cont)
Figure No.
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5

Title

Page

Gaining Access to the Disk Spindle ......................................................................... 2-3 3
RA60P Disk Pack Storage Canister ........................................................................ 2-34
TU80 Control Panel ................................................................................................. 2-35
Tape Threading Path ................................................................................................ 2-39
Threading the Ribbon ................................................................................................. 3-3
Carriage Assembly ...................................................................................................... 3-6
Ribbon Cartridge ........................................................................................................ 3-7
TU58 Cassette Tape Cartridge Slot.. ......................................................................... 3-9
Magnetic Head/Tape Path Components .................................................................. 3-16

TABLES
Table No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7

Title

Page

VAX-11/730 System Hardware Manuals ................................................................. 1-4
VAX-11/730 Peripheral Manuals .............................................................................. 1-4
CPU Indicators ........................................................................................................... 2-2
CPU Power Switch Functions .................................................................................... 2-3
Auto Restart Switch Functions .................................................................................. 2-4
LA120 Indicators ........................................................................................................ 2-7
LA 120 Control Keys .................................................................................................. 2-8
LA 120 Set-up Functions ............................................................................................ 2-9
LA 100 Indicators ...................................................................................................... 2-14
LA 100 Control Keys ................................................................................................ 2-15
LA 100 Set-up Functions .......................................................................................... 2-17
TU80 Control Switches ............................................................................................ 2-36
TU80 Drive Status Indicators .................................................................................. 2-37
Examine and Deposit Qualifiers ............................................................................... 2-45
Internal Register Access ........................................................................................... 2-46
Symbolic Address ..................................................................................................... 2-46
Console Mode Control Keys ..................................................................................... 2-4 7
Processor Halt Codes ................................................................................................ 2-49
LA 120 Error Display ................................................................................................. 3-4
Power-Up Self-test Indications ................................................................................... 3-8
R80 Fault Identification Codes ................................................................................ 3-11
RASO Fault Identification Codes ............................................................................. 3-12
RA8 l Fault Identification Codes ............................................................................. 3-13
RA60 Fault Identification Codes ............................................................................. 3-15
TU80 Operator Corrective Actions .......................................................................... 3-1 7

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
The VAX-11/730 Hardware User's Guide contains the basic hardware operating information and customer care procedures. It provides an overview of the system and peripheral hardware and serves as a
general reference document for the console operator. This manual consists of three chapters that provide
the following information.
•

Chapter 1 - An introduction to the system hardware and documentation.

•

Chapter 2 - Descriptions of system controls and indicator functions, hardware operation,
procedures for booting and starting the VMS operating system (VAX/VMS), and console
commands.

•

Chapter 3 - Describes procedures and precautions that must be followed to ensure that regular
user-Jevel maintenance is properly performed. Lists the problems that may occur in the system
peripheral devices.

1.2 THE VAX-11/730 SYSTEMS
There are two main VAX-11/730 system configurations; VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 (Figure 1-1) and
VAX-11/730 SBB (system building block, Figure 1-2). The subsystems for these system configurations
are listed below:
VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2
•

The user drive device (RL02 disk drive)

•

The central processing unit (CPU)

•

The system drive device (RL02 and R80 disk drive)

VAX-11/730 SBB
•

The user drive device (RA60, RA80 or RA8 l disk drive, or the TU80 tape drive)

•

The central processing unit (CPU)

•

The system drive device (RA60, RA80 or RA8 l disk drive)

The VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 is available in two standard configurations that provide a choice of two
disk drives for the system drive.
1.

System 1 - Contains two RL02 removable-media disk drive units, one for the user disk and one
for the system drive.

System 2 - Contains one R80 fixed-media disk drive for the system disk and one RL02 disk
drive for the user drive.

1-1

RL02 USER DISK DRIVE

CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT

RL02 OR R80
SYSTEM DISK DRIVE

SAFETY FOOT - - - -

TK-11026

Figure 1-1

The VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2

1-2

DRIVE
DEVICE
CABINET

CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT BEHIND
DOOR

SAFETY
FEET
TK 11210

Figure 1-2

The VAX-11/730 SBB

The VAX-11/730 SBB is available in six standard configurations that provide a choice of three disk drives
for the user drive, and one tape drive or one disk drive for the system drive.
1.

One RA80 fixed-media disk drive for the system drive and either one TU80 tape drive or one
RA60 removable-media disk drive for the user drive.

One RA81 fixed-media disk drive for the system drive and either one TU80 tape drive or one
RA60 removable-media disk drive for the user drive.

One RA60 removable-media disk drive for the system drive and either one TU80 tape drive or
one RA60 disk drive for the user drive.

1-3

Table 1-1 is a list of VAX-11/730 system hardware manuals and related reference handbooks. Table 1-2
lists manuals that are available for the standard peripheral subsystems.

Table 1-1

VAX-11/730 System Hardware Manuals

Title

Document Number

VAX-11/730 Central Processing Unit Technical Description
VAX-11/730 Memory System Technical Description
VAX-I I /7 30 FP7 30 Floating-Point Accelerator Technical Description
VAX-11/730 Integrated Disk Controller Technical Description
VAX Diagnostic System User's Guide
VAX-11/730 Installation Guide
VAX-11/730 Diagnostic System Overview Manual
DIGITAL Site Preparation Guide
H7 202B Power Supply Technical Description
VAX Architecture Handbook
VAX Hardware Handbook
DMF32 Multi-Function Communications User's Guide
BAJ I Mounting Box and Power System Technical Description
UDA50 User's Guide
UDA50 Service Manual
KC7 30 Remote Diagnostics Option Technical Manual

EK-KA 730-TD
EK-MS730-TD
EK-FP730-TD
EK-RB730-TD
EK-VXl lD-UG
EK-Sl7 30-IN
EK-DS730-UG
EK-OCORP-SP
EK-PS730-TD
EB-21811
EB-21711
EK-DMF32-UG
EK-BAl 1-A-TM
EK-UDA50-UG
EK-UDA50-SV
EK-KC730-TM

Table 1-2

VAX-11/730 Peripheral Manuals

Title

Document Number

LAI 20 Technical Manual
LAI 20 User Guide
LA 120 Operator Reference Card
Letterwriter JOO Installation Guide
Letterwriter 100 Operator Guide
LAJOO Programmer Reference Manual
LAJOO Series Pocket Service Guide
LAJOO Series Technical Manual
TU5B DECtape II Technical Manual
TU5B DECtape User's Guide
RLOJ / RLC:: n•.<tk Drive Technical Manual
RLOJ / RL02 Disk Drive User's Guide
RBO Disk Drive Technical Description
RBO Disk Drive User's Guide
RBO Disk Drive Service Manual
RBO Pocket Service Guide
RABO Disk Drive User's Guide
RABO Disk Drive Service Manual
RABI Disk Drive User's Guide
RABI Disk Drive Service Manual
RA60 Disk Drive User's Guide
TUBO Tape Subsystem Technical Manual
TUBO Pocket Service Guide
TUBO Pathfinder User's Guide
TUBO Subsystem User's Guide

EK-LA120-TM
EK-LA120-UG
EK-LA120-RG
EK-LWlOO-IN
EK-LWlOO-OP
EK-LAlOO-RM
EK-LAlOO-PS
EK-LAlOO-TM
EK-OTU58-TM
EK-OTU58-UG
EK-RL012-TM
EK-RL012-UG
EK-OOR80-TD
EK-OOR80-UG
EK-OOR80-SV
EK-OOR80-PS
EK-ORA80-UG
EK-ORA80-SV
EK-ORA81-UG
EK-ORA81-SV
EK-ORA60-UG
EK-OTU80-TM
EK-OTU80-PS
EK-OTU80-SV
EK-OTU80-UG

1-4

Hardcopy documents can be ordered from:
Digital Equipment Corporation
444 Whitney Street
Northboro, MA 01532
Attn:

Communications Services, NR2/M15
Customer Services Section

Technical and service documents are also ordered on microfiche. For information concerning microfiche
libraries, contact:
Digital Equipment Corporation
Micropublishing Group, FPO
30 North Avenue
Burlington, MA 01803

1-5

CHAPTER 2
OPERATION

2.1 GENERAL
This chapter describes system indicators, control switch functions, and how to boot the VMS operating
system from the console terminal. It also provides procedures for setting up and operating the following
subsystems:
•
LA 120 and LA 100 console terminals
•
RL02, R80, RA80, RA81 and RA60 disk drives
•
TU80 tape drive.
2.2 CPU CONTROL AND INDICATORS
Figure 2-1 shows both VAX-11/730 system CPU controls and indicators and the TU58 tape drive
cartridge slots. The VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 control panel contains only one TU58 tape drive
cartridge slot. The second cartridge slot is located on the right side of the CPU and is accessed when the
CPU drawer is slightly extended from the cabinet. This slot normally contains the console tape cartridge.
The VAX-11/730 SBB control panel contains both TU38 tape drive cartridge slots. The slot marked "1"
normally contains the console tape cartridge.
CAUTION
The safety foot MUST be extended before any
slide-mounted devices are extended.

••••
lilmllll
RUN

1111

DC DN BATT

AUTO RESTART

R/D

mo~oomo VAX 11/730

BOOT

OFF

mo~oomo VAX 11/730

(j)

••••
RUN

DC ON BATT

AUTO RESTART
OFF

- -

R/D

BOOT
ON

TK 11211

Figure 2-1

CPU Control Panels

2-1

2.2.1 The Console Subsystem
The VAX-11/730 CPU features a console subsystem that allows the CPU to be controlled- from the
console terminal. The console terminal serves as the local input device to the system and takes the place of
most of the switches and indicators normally found on a CPU front panel.
2.2.2 CPU Indicators
Four LED indicators display the CPU operating conditions described in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1

CPU Indicators

Indicator

Function

RUN

ON - The CPU is in program mode and is running the main memory
program.
OFF - The main memory program is halted and the CPU is in console
mode. The console subsystem responds to console commands typed on the
console keyboard.

OCON

ON - All de power supply voltages are within specified limits.
Blinking - One or more de supply voltages is out of tolerance.

BATT

Indicates condition of battery backup unit (BBU).
e

•
•

•
R/D

Blinking slowly: BBU charging .
Blinking fast: BBU discharging .
Off: BBU not present or not active .

Blinking - The CPU key switch is in the REMOTE position to establish
communication with the remote diagnostic operator. This indicator works
only when the sytem is equipped with the remote diagnostic option.
ON - The CPU is under the control of the remote diagnostic operator.
Local control may then be reenabled by commands from the remote
operator.
OFF - Normal operation.

2.2.3 CPU Power and Control Switch
The key-operated power switch has six positions that have the functions described in Table 2-2.
2.2.4 AUTO REST ART Switch
The console subsystem tests the ON and OFF state of the switch following a system power-up sequence or
a program halt condition. A general description of the functions is provided in Table 2-3.
2.2.5 TU58 Cassette Tape Drives
There are two tape motion indicators, one on either side of the external tape cartridge slot shown in Figure
2-1.

2-2

Table 2-2

CPU Power Switch Functions

Position

Function

OFF

Switched ac power is turned off inside the system cabinet (unswitched
power is still applied).

STANDBY
(STD BY)
LOCAL

Minimum CPU power is applied to maintain all data in the console,
writeable control store (WCS), main memory, and time-of-year clock.
This is the normal ON position. All power is applied and the operator
controls the system from the console terminal as follows.
Console mode ~ The operator performs console commands.
Program mode -The operator communicates with the system program. A
CTRL/P character is not passed to the program, but halts the program
and returns the CPU to the console mode.

LOCAL
DISABLE
(LOC DSBL)

CPU functions are the same as for the LOCAL position except as follows.
Console mode - Inputs from the console keyboard are ignored. The
momentary BOOT position of the Auto Restart switch is also ignored.
Program mode - A CTRL/P character is passed to the program and does
not halt the CPU.

REMOTE

REMOTE is used to establish and hold communications with a remote
operator at a DIGITAL diagnostic center (DDC). The local operator has
control of the system until the remote operator takes control. The local
keyboard may then be reenabled by the remote operator to allow the local
operator to have different levels of access.
CPU functions for the local operator are the same as for the LOCAL
position depending on the level of access granted by the remote operator.
Console mode - The local operator may perform console commands.
Program mode - A CTRL/P halts the program and returns the CPU to
the console mode.

REMOTE
DISABLE
(REM DSBL)

CPU functions are the same as for the REMOTE position, depending on
the level of access granted by the remote operator.
Console mode - Inputs from the local keyboard are ignored. The momentary BOOT position of the Auto Restart switch is also ignored.
Program mode - A CTRL/P character is passed to the program and does
not halt the CPU.

2-3

Table 2-3

Auto Restart Switch Functions

Position

Function

OFF

The CPU is placed in the console mode after the microcode is loaded from
the TU58 on a power-up sequence or when a running program is halted.
The operator may perform console commands or may bootstrap and run
programs using the console terminal keyboard.

After the microcode is loaded on a power-up sequence, the console subsystem loads and executes the default bootstrap command file
DEFBOO.CMD from the TU58.
The first bootstrap command file then loads the main bootstrap program
VMB.EXE from the TU58 to memory. VMB.EXE then loads and starts
the VAX/VMS operating system.

BOOT

Moving the switch to the momentary BOOT position, when in the console
mode idle state, loads the default bootstrap command file DEFBOO.CMD
and begins the same sequence of events as for the ON position.
Following the ON or BOOT sequence above, when the system is running
in the program mode, the switch is left in the ON position to enable the
warm restart facility if any of the following actions are desired.
•

A system reboot following a power loss

•

Program recovery following a program halt

•

A warm restart of the current program when the CPU power switch
is turned from STD BY to LOCAL. (The current program remains
intact if the CPU power switch is turned only to STD BY and not to
OFF.)

The EXT (unit 0) indicator is lit when the external drive is in motion. The external drive allows the
operator to:
•

Load or store user-created programs or data

•

Bootstrap, load, or update the software, diagnostics, or microcode

•

Build the system disk.

The INT (unit 1) indicator is lit when the internal drive is in motion. The console tape normally remains
inserted in the internal drive located on the right side of the CPU chassis. If system power has been
completely removed, console and writeable control store (WCS) data is loaded from the console tape when
system power is restored.
The console defaults to the internal drive if no drive is specified by the operator. It may also be used by the
operator with, or as backup for, the external drive.

2-4

2.2.5.1 Cartridge Loading and Unloading - To insert a cartridge, hold it with the label side up and the
baseplate down as shown in Figure 2-2. Align it with the grooves in the slot, slide it straight in, and seat it
firmly. To remove the cartridge, pull it straight out. Be careful not to remove the cartridge while the tape
motion indicator is on, or data may be lost.
2.2.5.2 RECORD Tab - Each cartridge has a movable RECORD tab as shown in Figure 2-2. The TU58
write circuitry is disabled when the tab is moved away from the edge of the cartridge. This prevents
unintended write operations.
When the RECORD tab is moved toward the edge of the cartridge, it closes a switch in the drive that
allows data to be written. The operator should be sure that system or program tapes have backup copies
before loading them with the tab set in the RECORD position.
The RECORD tab may be removed for long-term write protection. On metal-base cartridges, lift the tab
with a fingernail under the protruding end. Replace it by placing it in its slot and pressing it in until it
snaps. On plastic-base cartridges, pry the tab from the back edge slightly, then lift it from the front.
Replace it by placing it in the slot and pressing forward and down.

WRITE PROTECT TAB IN
PROTECT POSITION

MOVE TO RIGHT TO RECORD
MOVE TO LEFT TO PROTECT
TK-8275

Figure 2-2

TU58 Cassette Tape Cartridge

2.3 LA120 CONSOLE TERMINAL
This section describes how to set up and operate the LA120 terminal on the VAX-11/730 system. For a
complete description of the terminal's features, refer to the LAJ 20 User Guide, (EK-LA120-UG).
Figure 2-3 shows the LA 120 keyboard and control panel which contains a four-digit numeric display and
seven indicators.

2-5

NUMERIC DISPLAY

L./.

[
G
GDJ[IJ[Y] rn ITJGJ[tJW ITJrn om o ~~;~, 8

_ _J

]

L
_ __

ON LINE

LOCAL

AL1iffiAR

, - TAB 1
CLEAR ALL
SET
CLEAR TABS

TOF

TOP -MAR- BOT
LEFT
RT

CTS

DSR

MAR
CLEAR

STATUS

STORE
RECALL

SETUP PAPER OUT

LINE

BAUD

LOCAL

~~~~L ~7NC;L

FEED
...__

G0000~~0~00ITJDJ

FEED

- -

EJ~

B@CJ0000~[~0~~LJCJ~ETURN [I]
EJI
100~0000CJ[J[I]c:J@J~
SHIFT

I
TK-8270

Figure 2-3

LA120 Keyboard and Control Panel

2.3.1 LA120 Indicators
When they are lit, seven LED indicators display the LA 120 operating conditions described in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4

LA 120 Indicators

Indicator

Function

ON LINE

The LA 120 terminal is on-line. The terminal transmits keyboard characters to the CPU and receives printer characters. Characters typed on the
keyboard are transmitted back to the printer by the program.

LOCAL

The LA 120 keyboard is locally connected to the printer. The terminal is
off-line and does not receive or transmit characters.

ALT CHAR SET

The alternate character set is enabled (in terminals optionally equipped
with a foreign language character set).

CTS*

Data transmission is enabled (Clear To Send).

DSR*

The modem is in data mode (Data Set Ready).

SETUP

Blinks when the LA 120 terminal is in the set-up mode.

PAPER OUT

Blinks when the LA 120 terminal is disabled by one of the following
conditions.
•
•
•

NUMERIC DISPLAY

The printer is out of paper
The cover is open
The print head is jammed

During normal operation, indicates the horizontal column position of the
print head. In set-up mode, the vertical line position is also indicated by
pressing the SHIFT key.

*Used in terminals connected to a modem.

2.3.2 LA120 Control Keys
There are several control keys that do not transmit characters. Their functions are described in Table 2-5.
2.3.3 LA120 Set-up Functions
The terminal should be placed in the local mode to avoid transmitting characters while making changes in
the set-up mode.

2-7

Table 2-5

LA120 Control Keys

Key

Function

SHIFT

When used with a character producing key, the key's uppercase character
is transmitted. (The lowercase character is normally transmitted.)

CTRL

When used with a character producing key, the key's control character is
transmitted. Use of the CTRL key is generally expressed as follows.
CTRL/K =Press and hold the CTRL key and press the letter "K" key on
the keyboard.

CAPS LOCK

When set, causes the alphabet keys to transmit uppercase characters
regardless of the SHIFT key. Does not affect the number or symbol keys.

LINE/LOCAL

Changes the LA120 terminal to the on-line mode or local mode as displayed by the indicators.

LOCAL LINE FEED

Advances the paper one line at a time.

LOCAL

Advances the paper to the top-of-form position, or to form feed the top
margin (if the top margin is set).

VIEW

Allows the operator to view the last character printed if the last-characterview feature is disab1ed.

There are two ways to enter and exit the set-up mode.
1.

Press and hold the SET-UP key.
Make the changes.
Release the SET-UP key.

Press and hold the CTRL key and press the SET-UP key.
The terminal stays in sehup mode while changes are made.
Permanently store the changes if desired.
Press the SET-UP key and release it.

Most of the keys on the console keyboard have set-up functions. The functions for the top row of keys and
some other commonly used features are briefly described in Table 2-6.
In set-up mode, the numeric display shows the current column number. When the SHIFT key is pressed, it
shows the current vertical line number.

2-8

Table 2-6

Key

LA120 Set-up Functions

Name

Function

TAB SET

Sets horizontal tab at the current column. When used with
the SHIFT key, sets vertical tab on the current line.

TAB CLEAR

Clears horizontal tab at the current column. When used
with shift, clears vertical tab on the current line.

CLEAR ALL

Clears all tabs, horizontal and vertical.

TOF

Resets the vertical line counter to line 1. Top-of-form
(TOF) defines the first line after the perforation when
fanfold paper or forms are loaded.

If the top margin is set, the paper moves to the top margin
(the first printable line) when the form feed command is
sent by the computer or LOCAL FORM FEED is pressed.
To avoid setting top-of-form each time the printer is turned
on or the paper is changed, press LOCAL FORM FEED
before turning off the system or the printer.

TOP/LEFT MAR

Sets left margin at the current column. When used with the
SHIFT key, sets top margin on the current line.

BOT/RT MAR

Sets right margin at the current column. When used with
the SHIFT key, sets bottom margin on the current line.

MAR CLEAR

Clears left and right margins. When used with the SHIFT
key, clears top and bottom margins.

STATUS

Prints a message that shows the state of the currently
selected set-up features. (See the LAI 20 User Guide for a
description of the letter key functions given by the
printout.)

STORE/RECALL

Cancels all temporary set-up features and recalls the permanently stored features. When used with the SHIFT, permanently stores the currently selected set-up features.

BAUD

Press once to view the current transmit and receive baud
rate in the numeric display. Pressing the key again changes
the baud rate until the desired rate is indicated in the
numeric display.
This value should not be changed because the CPU
responds only to a fixed rate. The factory setting is for 300
baud. The CPU is switch selectable to 1200, 2400, or 9600
baud but should not be changed except by authorized service personnel.

2-9

Table 2-6

LA120 Set-up Functions (Cont)

Key

Name

Function

Volume

Press once to view the current setting in the numeric display. Press again to set the desired bell and keyclick volume
as indicated in the numeric display.
1 = High volume
0 = Low volume

Keyclick

Press once to view the current setting in the numeric display. Press again to enable or disable the keyclick feature as
indicated in the numeric display.
1 =Enabled
0 =Disabled

View Last
Character

Press once to view the current setting in the numeric display. Press again to enable or disable the last character view
feature as indicated in the numeric display.
1 =Enabled
0 =Disabled

2.3.4 Print Head Positioning
The following methods may be used in the set-up mode to position the print head for setting or clearing the
margins or tabs.
Horizontal Margins and Tabs
1.

First clear the horizontal margins (and the horizontal tabs, or use CLEAR ALL) and press
RETURN.

Use the SPACE bar first to set the left margin, then use it to set the horizontal tabs and right
margin.

The TAB key may then be used to find and clear horizontal tabs or to find the right-hand
margin. (When found this way, the actual right margin is one column less than indicated by the
numeric display.)

Vertical Margins and Tabs
1.

First clear the vertical margins (and the vertical tabs, or use CLEAR ALL).

Place the paper at the top-of-form (TOF).

Use LOCAL LINE FEED first to set the top margin, then use it to set the vertical tabs and
bottom margin.

CTRL/K may be used to find and clear vertical tabs in the local mode.

2-10

The bottom margin may be found by using LOCAL LINE FEED with the SHIFT key. (The
line at which the paper skips to the next page can be noted in the numeric display.)

The top margin or top-of-form may be found by using LOCAL FORM FEED, or by using
CTRL/L in the local mode.

2.3.5

Loading Paper or Forms

It is advisable not to turn off the terminal when changing paper or forms, as all temporary features will be
lost. The LA 120 terminal accepts sprocket-fed, multiple-part paper or forms ranging in width from 3 to
14-7 /8 inches. (Refer to the LAI 20 User Guide for paper specifications and methods of setting up the
terminal for forms.) The general procedure for loading paper or forms is as follows.

Place the paper on the floor between the legs of the LA 120 terminal (Figure 2-4) and align the
leading edge of the paper so it is parallel to the paper slot. Align the left sprocket holes of the
paper with the left tractor.

0
0

AC
FUSE

-------------------------0

0
0

0
0
0

0
----------·······-

0
0

LEFT EDGE PARALLEL
TO TRACTOR FEED PINS

FRONT EDGE
PARALLEL
TO PAPER SLOT

MA-2313

Figure 2-4

Paper Alignment

2-11

Open the printer cover. Open both tractor covers and move the print head adjustment lever
away from the paper (Figure 2-5).

Feed the paper up through the paper slot. Align the left sprocket holes over the feed pins and
close the left tractor cover (Figure 2-6).
The normal position of the left tractor feed pins is about 5.08 cm (2 in) from the left sideplate.
This provides optimum margins for 132-column paper, but may be readjusted when using
preprinted forms.

Figure 2-5

Print Head Adjustment

LEFT TRACTOR
ADJUST I NG KNOB

RIGHT TRACTOR
ADJUST I NG KNOB
TK-11024

Figure 2-6

Tractor Adjustment

2-12

Making sure that the paper is straight, align the right sprocket holes over the feed pins, and
close the right tractor cover. If the paper pulls against the pins or bows in the middle, loosen the
right tractor adjusting knob and adjust the right tractor.
CAUTION
Do not overtighten the tractor adjusting knobs.

Reset the print head adjustment lever for the thickness of the paper or forms (Figure 2-5).

Set top-of-form (Figure 2-7). Press and hold the SET-UP key and press the number 4 (TOF)
key to reset the line counter to 1. Using the paper adjust knob, set the paper perforation one
character height above the line indicator on the print head. The paper adjust knob is pushed in
to make fine vertical adjustments.
1.

NOTES
Multipart forms with 3- or 4-prong margin
crimps on both margins are recommended.

Stapled forms are not recommended and may
cause damage to the print head, tractors, or
other sections of the machine, thus voiding the
warranty.

Multipart forms may have only one card part.
The card must be the last part.

Multipart carbonless forms of up to six parts
may be used. Ribbon must be used on the top
copy; first-surface impact paper is not
recommended.

Dot or line glue margins are acceptable if the
glue is on one margin only. Line glue on both
margins prevents air from escaping, resulting
in poor impressions.

Split forms with each side containing a different thickness or number of sheets are not
recommended.
FORM
PERFORATION
TOP OF
PRINT HEAD

_____ ....

-MA-2298

Figure 2-7

Setting Top-of-Form

2-13

2.4 LAlOO CONSOLE TERMINAL
This section describes how to set up and operate the LAlOO terminal on the VAX-11/730 system. For a
complete description of the terminal's features, refer to the Letterwriter 100 Operator Guide, (EKLW 100-0P). Figure 2-8 shows the LAlOO keyboard and control panel which contains five indicators.
FONT
INDICATORS

FONT SELECT
SWITCH

TK 11209

Figure 2-8

LA 100 Keyboard and Control Panel

2.4.1 LA 100 Indicators
When they are lit, five LED indicators display the LA 100 operating conditions described in Table 2- 7.
NOTE
To force a font means everything is printed using the
font despite all computer commands. The computer
commands are processed but do not take effect until
the terminal is set to computer select mode.
Table 2-7

LA 100 Indicators

Indicator

Function

POWER/FAULT

The LA 100 terminal is on. When power is first turned on, this indicator
and the DSR indicator show any errors that occurred during power-up
self-test. This indicator blinks when the terminal is not ready to print for
any of the following reasons:
•
Paper is out or low
•

Access cover is open

•

Printhead is jammed (also indicated by multiple bell tones).

SET-UP

Blinks when the LA 100 terminal is in set-up mode. When storing set-up
features this indicator remains on for up to nine seconds.

DSR

The modem is in data mode (when the LAlOO terminal is connected to a
modem). It is also used with the POWER/FAULT indicator to indicate
any errors during the power-up self-test (Data Set Ready).

LINE

The LA 100 terminal is on-line. The terminal transmits keyboard characters to the CPU and receives printer characters. Characters typed on the
keyboard are transmitted back to the print by the program.

CTS

Data transmission is enabled (Clear To Send). Used when LAlOO terminal
is connected to modem.

2-14

2.4.2 LA 100 Control Keys
There are several control keys that do not transmit characters. Their functions are described in Table 2-8.

Table 2-8

LAlOO Control Keys

Indicator

Function

FONT SELECT

Forces a font. Each time this switch is pressed, the terminal advances to
the next state, skipping fonts that are not installed. If the currently forced
font is removed, the terminal advances to the next valid state. The terminal steps through the following states each time the switch is pressed:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Computer select (power-up state)
Font 1 forced
Font 2 forced (upper cartridge)
Font 3 forced
Font 4 forced (lower cartridge)
Font 5 forced

SHIFT

When used with a character producing key, the key's uppercase character
is transmitted. (The lowercase character is normally transmitted.)

CTRL

When used with a character producing key, the key's control character is
transmitted. Use of the CTRL key is generally expressed as follows:
CTRL/K = Press and hold the CTRL key and press the letter "K" key on
the keyboard.

CAPS LOCK

When pressed, causes the alphabet keys to transmit uppercase characters
regardless of the SHIFT key. Does not affect the numeric or symbol keys.

LINE/LOCAL

Changes the LAIOO terminal to the ON-LINE mode or LOCAL mode as
displayed by the indicators.

LOCAL LINE FEED

Advances the paper one line at a time.

LOCAL FORM FEED

Advances the paper to the top-of-form position, or to form feed the top
margin (if the top margin is set).

HER IS

Causes the terminal to send an answerback message. The answerback
message is selected in set-up.

AUTO/MANUAL

In the AUTO position (up), print quality (draft/letter) is controlled by the
computer. The LETTER/DRAFT key is inactive.
In the MANUAL position (down), the print quality (draft/letter mode) is
controlled by the LETTER/DRAFT key. Quality (draft/letter mode)
control escape sequences from the computer are processed, but only take
action when auto mode is selected.

2-15

Table 2-8

LAlOO Control Keys (Cont)

Indicator

Function

LETTER/DRAFT

In the LETTER position (up), the terminal prints letter mode (medium or
high density depending on character ROM) characters.
In the DRAFT position (down), the terminal prints draft mode (low
density) characters.

VIEW /FAULT RESET

When manual last character view is selected, the VIEW key manually
causes the printhead to move 1 cm (0.4 in.) to the right of the last
character printed. This allows the user to see the last character printed.
When the VIEW key is pressed along with the CTRL key, last character
viewing is switched from manual to automatic. Last character viewing is
then performed automatically without user control. When the VIEW key
is pressed again with the CTRL key, the terminal switches back to manual
last character view.
FAULT RESET resets the fault indication of the terminal to permit
continued operation after any fault (for example, printhead jam, cover
open) has occurred and has been corrected.

2.4.3 LAlOO Set-up Functions
The terminal should be placed in the local mode to avoid transmitting characters while making changes in
the set-up mode.
When changing more than one set-up mode feature, it is not necessary to enter and exit set-up mode each
time. Also, if you press a key that has no function in set-up when changing a set-up feature, the terminal
prints a question mark (?) a and bell tone sounds.
To enter the set-up mode, press and hold the CTRL key down, then press the SET-UP key and release
both keys. When the set-up mode is entered, the SET-UP indicator blinks. Change set-up features changed
by pressing the key or keys that correspond to the desired features.
To permanently store the set-up features, hold down the SHIFT key then press the"(" and "9" keys. The
SET-UP indicator remains illuminated for approximately nine seconds. After the store is completed, the
SET-UP indicator begins to blink again.
After changes to the set-up feature, set-up mode is exited by pressing the SET-UP key.
Most of the keys on the console keyboard have set-up functions. The functions for the top row of keys and
some other commonly used features are briefly described in Table 2-9.

2-16

Table 2-9

Key

LA100 Set-up Functions

Name

Function

TAB SET

Sets horizontal tab at the current column. When used with
SHIFT, sets vertical tab on the current line.

TAB CLEAR

Clears horizontal tab at the current column. When used
with SHIFT, clears vertical tab on current line.

CLEAR ALL

Clears all horizontal and vertical tabs.

TOF

Resets the vertical line counter to line 1. Top-of-form
(TOF) defines the first line after the perforation when
fanfold paper or forms are loaded.
If the top margin (the first printable line) when the form
feed command is sent by the computer or LOCAL FORM
FEED is pressed.
To avoid having to set top-of-form each time the printer is
turned on or the paper is changed, press LOCAL FORM
FEED before turning off the system or the printer.

TOP/LEFT MAR

Sets left margin at the current column. When used with
SHIFT, sets top margin on the current line.

BOT/RT MAR

Sets right margin at the current column. When used with
SHIFT, sets bottom margin on the current line.

MAR CLEAR

Clears left and right margins. When used with SHIFT,
clears top and bottom margins.

STATUS

Prints a message that shows the state of currently selected
set-up features.

STORE/RECALL

Cancels all temporary set-up features and recalls the permanently stored features. When used with SHIFT, permanently stores the currently selected set-up features.

2-17

Table 2-9

LAlOO set-up Functions (Cont)

Key

Name

Function

BAUD

Press this and the RETURN to print the current transmit
and receive baud rate on the printout. To change the terminal baud rate, press the indicated keys for the desired baud
rate as shown below:

KEYS
S =A RETURN
S = B RETURN
S = C RETURN
S = D RETURN
S = E RETURN
S = F RETURN
S = G RETURN
S = H RETURN
S =I RETURN
S = J RETURN
S = K RETURN
S = L RETURN
S = M RETURN
S = N RETURN

BAUD RATE

75
110
134.5
150
200
300
600
1200
1800
2400
4800
7200
9600

This value should not be changed because the CPU
responds only to a fixed rate. The factory setting is for
1200 baud. The CPU CONSOLE Port is switch selectable
to 1200, 2400 or 9600 baud, but should not be changed
except by authorized service personnel.
Q

Keyclick

Press the following keys to enable or disable the keyclick:
Q =A RETURN
Q = B RETURN

Enable keyclick
Disable keyclick

2.4.4 Print Head Positioning
The following methods are used in the set-up mode to position the print head for setting or clearing the
margins or tabs.
Horizontal Margins and Tabs
1.

Clear the left and right horizontal margins by pressing the MAR CLEAR key (7).

Set the left horizontal left margin by pressing the SPACE bar to position the print head to the
desired print column, then press TOP /LEF MAR key (5).

2-18

Clear horizontal tabs by the following methods:
a.

Clear tabs singularly by pressing the TAB key (to position print head to desired tab stop),
then press the TAB CLEAR key (2).

Clear all tabs by pressing the TAB CLEAR ALL key (3).

Set the horizontal tabs by pressing the SP ACE bar to position the print head to the desired print
column for a tab stop, then press the TAB SET key ( 1). Repeat this step for each additional tab
stop.

Set the right horizontal margin by pressing the SPACE bar to position the print head to the
desired print column for the right margin, then press BOT /RT MAR key (6).

Vertical Margins and Tab Stops
1.

Clear the top and bottom vertical margins by pressing the MAR CLEAR key (7).

Set the top margin by pressing the LOCAL LINE FEED key to advance the paper to the
desired line, then while pressing the SHIFT key, press the TOP /LEF MAR key (5).

Clear vertical tabs by one of the following methods:
a.

Clear tabs singularly by pressing and holding the CTRL key then press the "K" key to
move the paper to a vertical tab. Then press and hold the SHIFT key and press the TAB
CLEAR key (2).

Clear all vertical tabs by pressing and holding the SHIFT key, then press the TAB
CLEAR ALL key (3).

Set the vertical tabs by positioning the print head to the desired print column with the LOCAL
LINE FEED key. Then, while pressing the SHIFT key, press the TAB SET key (1).

Set the bottom vertical margin by positioning the print head to the desired print column with
the LOCAL LINE FEED key. Then, while pressing the SHIFT key, press the BOT/RT MAR
key (6).

2.4.5 Loading Paper or Forms
The LAlOO terminal accepts friction feed or tractor feed paper ranging in width from 7.62 to 27.78 cm (3
to 14 7/8 in). Friction feed paper must be used to operate the printer as a graphics output printer. Use the
following rules when selecting paper for the LA 100 terminal.
Friction Feed Paper
•
•
•
•
•

Use single sheet or roll paper.
Do not use preprinted roll paper forms.
Do not use multipart forms.
Do not use impact paper.
Do not use card stock.

Tractor Feed Paper
•
•
•
•
•

Use only multipart forms of three or four parts and one card part. The card must be the last part.
Dot or line glue margins are acceptable (one margin only).
Do not use first-surface impact paper.
Do not use split forms (different number of sheets on each side of form).
Do not use stapled forms.

2-19

2.4.6 Loading Friction Feed Paper
The following paragraphs describe how to load friction feed paper, including single sheet and roll paper. It
is not necessary to turn the power off to load friction feed paper.
2.4.6.1 Single Sheet - To use single sheets of paper in the LAlOO terminal, you must disable the
PAPER OUT or PAPER LOW detection options (LAX34-PL or LAX34-LL) if either is installed. (To
disable these options refer to the installation guide.) To load single sheets of paper, refer to Figures 2-9 and
2-10 and perform the following procedure.
1.

Feed the sheet of paper under the platen from the back. Lift the bail bar and advance the paper,
using the paper advance knob, until the top edge of the paper is even with the bottom edge of
the paper.

Pull the paper release lever toward the front of the printer and position the paper to the left of
the printer (as seen from the front).

Smooth the paper over the surface of the platen and align the top and bottom edges.

Push the paper release lever toward the back of the printer and lower the bail bar to its original
position.

If necessary, adjust the printhead as described later in this chapter.

PAPER RELEASE
LEVER

MA-72448

Figure 2-9

Loading Single Sheet Paper

2-20

PLATEN

MA-6333

Figure 2-10

Single Sheet Paper Path

2.4.6.2 Roll Paper - The LAX34-RL roll paper holder option must be installed to use friction feed roll
paper. (Refer to installation guide.) Perform the following procedure to load friction feed roll paper or
preprinted forms into the LA 100 terminal.
1.

Remove the mandrel from the roll paper holder and slide one paper roll retainer from the
mandrel (Figure 2-11 ).

Remove the old roll of paper. Slide the new roll of paper onto the mandrel. Replace the paper
roll retainer previously removed.

Reinstall the mandrel on the roll paper holder assembly so that the paper feeds from the bottom
of the roll (Figure 2-12).

Position the paper roll to the left of the holder (as seen from the front). Make sure the paper roll
retainers are touching the paper roll to prevent it from moving from side to side. Do not let the
paper roll retainers touch the side of the roll paper holder or they will create unnecessary
friction.

Feed the paper over the roll holder apron and under the platen from the back. Lift the bail bar
and advance the paper, using the paper advance knob, until the top edge extends back over the
apron (Figure 2-12). Make sure the paper does not pass under the paper low sensor (Figure 212).

Pull the paper release lever toward the front of the printer (Figure 2-11 ). Smooth the paper over
the surface of the platen and line up the sides of the paper with the supply roll edges.

Push the paper release lever toward the back of the printer and lower the bail bar to its original
position.

Adjust the printhead as described later in this chapter.

2.4.6.3 Loading Tractor Feed Paper/Forms - The following paragraphs describe how to load tractor
feed paper or preprinted forms into the LA 100 terminal. The LAX34-AL tractor option must be installed
to use tractor feed paper. Digital Equipment Corporation also recommends using the LAX34-SL printer
stand option for the most effective paper feeding. Tractor feed paper may be loaded through the bottom or
from the back of the printer. It is not necessary to tum power off when reloading tractor feed paper.
Perform the following procedure to reload tractor feed paper.

NOTE
If paper is loaded from the back of the terminal, the

paper out detection option does not operate.
1.

Make sure that the bail bar is behind the tractors. If not, remove the tractors and reinstall
according to the LAX34-AL tractor option instructions in the installation guide.

2-21

~
~

@b)-.
) )) @@

LOADING ROLL PAPER
PAPER
RELEASE
LEVER

PAPER

PAPER ROLL RETAINERS - - - - - - '
ROLL PAPER
HOLDER

MANDREL

MA-7241

Figure 2-11

Loading Roll Paper

ROLL PAPER
HOLDER
APRON

PAPER LOW SENSOR
BAR
MA-7242

Figure 2-12

Roll Paper Path

2-22

If you are using a different size paper, pull the right tractor adjust levers toward the front of the
printer to loosen the right tractor (Figure 2-13).

Move the right tractor to the right side plate. Do not tighten the right tractor adjust lever at this
time.

NOTE
Step 3 provides margins for 33.53 cm (13.2 in) wide
paper. If you are using smaller paper, move the right
tractor to the place that corresponds to the size of
your form. Do not move the left tractor when using
smaller forms.
4.

Open both tractor covers (Figure 2-13).

TRACTOR --~-3 cm (1 1/8 in)
RELEASE
LEVER (2)

I"~-LEFT TRACTOR
ADJUST LEVER

~ ~

~~ 0 1

TRACTOR
COVERS

RIGHT TRACTOR
ADJUST LEVER

TK-11022

Figure 2-13

Loading Tractor Feed Paper

If you are not using the printer stand option, position the printer as shown in Figure 2-14. Place
the back edge of the printer parallel to and slightly over the edge of the table.

2-23

Position the paper to feed correctly into the printer.
a.

If you are using the printer stand, place the paper/forms on the crossmember between the
legs of the printer stand (Figure 2-15).

If you are not using the printer stand, place the paper /forms on the floor behind the table
as shown in Figure 2-14. The paper can be left in the shipping container if the container
top is removed.

NOTE
If it is not possible to place the paper supply on the
floor, place it on the table behind the printer. How-

ever, use the LAX34-SW paper tray accessory to
prevent interference between the printout and supply
paper unless the printer is continuously watched.
TRACTOR

TABLE

D
MA-7352

Figure 2-14

Tractor Feed Paper Path (without Stand)

2-24

PAPER
SLOTS

CROSS
MEMBER

LEFT EDGE PARALLEL
TO TRACTOR FEED PINS

FRONT EDGE
PARALLEL
TO PAPER SLOT

± 1.27 cm

I (.5 in)

CENTER
LINE

TK-11022

Figure 2-15

Tractor Feed Paper Path (with Stand)

2-25

Feed the paper through the paper slot.
a.

If you are using the printer stand, align the paper parallel to the bottom paper slot and
route the paper through the paper slot (Figure 2-15).
NOTE
Multipart forms might separate if loaded into the
printer from the back.

If you are not using the printer stand, feed the paper through the paper slot behind the
platen. Rotate the paper advance knob clockwise until the top edge of the paper extends
above the tractors (Figure 2-14).
NOTE
Feeding· supply paper under the LAlOO terminal and
through the bottom paper slot is not recommended
unless the printer stand is used. If paper is loaded
from the bottom without the paper stand, the paper
perforations might catch on the table and cause the
terminal to print uneven lines across the paper.

Place the left margin holes over the tractor feed pins. Close the left tractor cover.

Position the right tractor to place the right margin holes over the tractor feed pins. Close the
right tractor cover.

10.

Tighten the right tractor adjust lever to clamp the right tractor in place.
CAUTION
Do not stretch the paper too tight. If the paper pulls
against the tractor pins or is loose in the center,
readjust the right tractor.

11.

Position the paper supports one third of the distance from each tractor (Figure 2-13).

12.

Make sure that the paper stack is centered directly under the tractors.

13.

Pull the paper release lever toward the front of the printer (Figure 2-11 ).

14. Adjust the print head as described later in this chapter.

2.4. 7

Print Head Adjustment

Perform the following procedure to adjust the print head.
1.

Make sure that the power ON/OFF switch is on.

Open the access cover and move the print head adjustment lever all the way to the right (Figure

2-16).
3.

Carefully move the print head adjustment lever one position to the left.

Manually move the print head to the right and left to check for smudging. If the ribbon smudges,
first make sure that the paper is installed correctly. If the paper is installed correctly, move the
print head adjustment lever to the right until the smudging stops.

2-26

Close the access cover and press the FAULT RESET key.

Type a line of characters and check the printed characters for print quality.

NOTE
If the form ripples or is pulled by the print head,

the print head is not adjusted correctly. Repeat
Steps 2 through 6.
7.

If necessary, repeat steps 3 through 6 until the printed characters are clear and sharp.

Figure 2-16

Print Head Adjustment

2.5 RL02 REMOVABLE-MEDIA DISK DRIVE
Figure 2-17 shows the RL02 control panel. Two of the indicators are combination indicators and alternating-action pushbutton switches. When pushed inward to the ON state, they stay in that position until
pushed and released to the OFF state.

2-27

71
I·LOAD·l
L___ _j

- ] rW-RI~~
0. r!FAULT

~·-1
I

jREAD~

PROT ,
L __ _J

~--

~
TK-8272

Figure 2-1 7 RL02 Control Panel

2.5.1 LOAD Switch and Indicator
The LOAD indicator is lit when the following conditions are true and it is safe to insert or remove the
RL02K disk cartridge.
•

The heads are retracted.

•

The spindle motor is completely stopped.

The LOAD switch, when pushed to the ON state, locks the access cover and applies ac power to the
spindle motor if the following conditions are true.
•

The heads are retracted.

•

The drive's ac and de voltages are within specified limits.

•

The disk cartridge is properly seated.

•

The protective cover (cartridge bottom cover) is in place over the disk.

•

The access cover is closed and latched.

The LOAD indicator turns off when the spindle motor starts. The READY indicator turns on when the
heads are loaded and the disk is ready for use.
The LOAD switch, when pressed again, is released to the OFF state, the READY indicator is turned off,
the heads are retracted, and ac power is removed from the spindle motor. The LOAD indicator turns on
when it is safe to remove the cartridge.
2.5.2 READY Indicator and Unit Select Switch
The READY indicator turns on when the spindle motor is up to operating speed, the heads are loaded, and
the disk is ready for use.
The unit select switch is actuated by a cammed button that is encoded to the drive unit select number
indicated by the label. When inserted in the switch, the unit select button designates the unit select number
for the drive. The system disk is normally designated as unit 0. The first, second, and third user disks are
designated as units l, 2, and 3, respectively.

2-28

2.5.3 FA ULT Indicator
The FAULT indicator turns on if a hardware failure occurs in the drive. There are three failures that may
respond to operator intervention.
1.

Write Protect error - The program attempted to write data to a write-protected disk (the
WRITE PROTECT switch is ON).

Drive Select error - The program attempted to perform an operation to a drive under one of the
following conditions.
a.
b.
c.

The addressed drive does not exist or is not ready.
The disk cartridge is not loaded.
The unit select button is not in place.

Spin error - The LOAD indicator stays on and the spindle motor does not respond if the LOAD
switch is in the ON position and one of the following conditions exists.
a.
b.
c.

The disk cartridge is not loaded.
The protective cover (cartridge bottom cover) is not in place over the disk.
The access cover is not latched.

If these items are checked and the drive does not respond, a solid hardware failure exists and an authorized
Field Service engineer should be notified.

2.5.4 WRITE PROTECT Switch and Indicator
The WRITE PROTECT switch, when pushed to the ON state, turns the WRITE PROTECT indicator
and disables the write circuitry in the drive. Disk data is then protected from being inadvertently altered.
When the switch is released to the OFF state, the WRITE PROTECT indicator is turned off and write
protection is removed from the drive.
2.5.5 Cartridge Loading Procedure
The following cartridge loading and drive start-up procedure is recommended.
CAUTION
In the case of the lower RL02 disk drive, first
extend the safety foot from the front of the cabinet,
then gently slide the drive forward until the access
cover is clear of the CPU.
1.

Unlatch and raise the drive access cover (drive power must be on for the access cover to
unlock).

Prepare the cartridge for loading as follows:
a.

Lift the cartridge by grasping the top cover handle with the right hand.

Support the cartridge under the protective (bottom) cover with the left hand.

Lower the top cover handle and push the handle slide to the left with the right hand
thumb. Raise the handle to its full upright position to release the protective cover.

Lift the cartridge from the protective cover and carefully set the cartridge on the spindle
with the top cover handle recess facing the rear of the drive.

2-29

Carefully rotate the top cover handle in both directions to ensure that the spindle locating
arms seat properly in the cartridge housing slots.
CAUTION
Use care when seating the cartridge on the drive
spindle. Rough handling of the cartridge may cause
damage to the interface between the spindle and
cartridge. This can cause excessive cartridge runout
and positioning errors.

Gently lower the top cover handle to the horizontal position to engage the cartridge on the
spindle.

Turn over the protective cover and place it over the cartridge.

Close and latch the drive access cover.

Start the drive as follows.
a.

Press the LOAD switch.

When the drive start-up sequence is completed and the heads are loaded (about 30
seconds), the READY indicator will turn on.

Press the WRITE PROTECT switch if write protection is desired.

2.5.6

Cartridge Unloading Procedure

Turn off the drive as follows.

Press and release the LOAD switch and wait for the LOAD indicator to turn on (about 30
seconds).
CAUTION
In the case of the lower RL02 disk drive, first
extend the safety foot from the front of the cabinet,
then gently slide the drive forward until the access
cover is clear of the CPU.

Unlatch and raise the drive access cover (drive power must be on for the access cover to
unlock).

Remove the cartridge as follows.
a.

Remove the protective cover and hold it with the left hand.

Before raising the top cover handle, push the slide to the left.

Raise the top cover handle to its full upright position to release the cartridge from the
drive spindle.

Carefully lift the cartridge out of the drive and place it in the protective cover.

Lower the top cover handle to the horizontal position to lock the protective cover in place.

The top cover handle may now be raised to carry the cartridge. Be sure that the cover is
fully locked.

2-30

2.5. 7 Disk Cartridge Handling and Care
Extreme care should be used when handling, loading, or unloading the disk cartridge. The following list is
a summary of RL02K cartridge care and cleaning considerations.
When handling cartridges:
•

Keep cartridges clean.

•

Use cartridges at computer room temperature only.

•

Handle cartridges only by the top cover handle.

2.6 R80, RASO, RA81 AND RA60 DISK DRIVES
The RSO, RASO and RAS l are self-contained, non-removable media disk drives. The RA60 drive is a
removable-media disk drive. All operator controls and indicators for these disk drives are located on the
front panel of the drive unit. Since the controls and indicators for these disk drives have similar operational
functions, they will be presented together in this section.
Figures 2-1 S and 2-19 show the control panels for the disk drives. Five of the indicators are combination
indicators and alternating-action push-button switches. When pushed inward to the ON state, they stay in
that position until pushed and released to the OFF state.

-~TAT
1i____
2Ji
1

TK-8273

Figure 2-1 S

RSO Control Panel

TK 11208

Figure 2-19

RASO, RAS l and RA60 Control Panels

2-31

2.6.1 RUN/STOP Switch and Indicator
When the switch is pushed to the ON state, the indicator turns on and ac power is applied to the spindle
motor. When the switch is pushed again and released to the OFF state, the indicator is turned off and ac
power is removed from the spindle motor.
CAUTION
A three minute delay is recommended between a stop
and a restart to prevent opening the thermal circuit
breaker to the spindle motor.
2.6.2 FA ULT Indicator and Reset Switch
The FAULT indicator turns on whenever an unsafe or error condition occurs in the drive. If a fault occurs
during a start-up attempt, the start-up is aborted.
Fault Reset Sequence - When the FAULT indicator is lit, the general fault code is obtained by pressing
the FAULT switch. All indicators momentarily light then are lit again to display the fault code. This is the
fault display mode and the drive is in an off-line state. The drive stays off-line as long as the fault code is
displayed. Refer to Chapter 3 for a description of the fault codes. Pressing the FAULT switch again stores
the fault code and clears the fault condition if it is not a hardware fault. A hardware fault relights the
FAULT indicator and the service engineer can later retrieve the stored fault codes through the internal
maintenance controls and indicators. Certain errors can be cleared through the program and no operator
intervention is required. If the errors are not correctable within the program, the operator must perform
the FA ULT reset sequence.
2.6.3 READY Indicator and Unit Select Switch
The READY indicator turns on after a successful start-up sequence. This indicates that the disk is up to
operating speed, the heads are loaded, and the drive is ready for use. The READY indicator turns off
during seek operations. The unit select switch is actuated by a cammed button that is encoded to the drive
unit select number indicated by the label.
2.6.4 WRITE PROTect Switch and Indicator
The WRITE PROTect switch, when pushed to the ON state, turns on the WRITE PROTect indicator and
disables the write circuitry in the drive. Disk data is then protected from being altered. When the switch
and indicator are OFF, write protection is removed from the drive.
2.6.5 STATUS 1 and 2 Indicators and Switches (R80 Drive)
These indicators are used with the other panel indicators to identify FAULT conditions as described
earlier. The switches are normally placed in the OFF state and are used by the service engineer to perform
drive diagnostic tests.
2.6.6 A and B Port Select Switches (RASO, RA81 and RA60 Drives)
These switches have built-in lights that indicate the port through which the drive is being accessed (A or
B). When the port A button is pushed in and the port B button is out, only port A can be accessed. When
· the opposite condition exists, only port B can be accessed. However, when both push buttons are in at the
same time, either port A or port B can be accessed by the controller. When either or both buttons are out,
the drive is off-line to the port or ports indicated. Port A should be the port used.
2.7 RA60 CARTRIDGE LOADING AND UNLOADING PROCEDURES
The RA60 drive must be loaded with an RA60 disk pack and then be brought to the ready state before
information can be stored or read. The procedures for loading and unloading the disk pack are described in
the following paragraphs.

2-32

2. 7 .1 Loading the Disk Pack
Use the following procedure to load the disk pack.

Apply power by turning on the drive circuit breaker located at the back of drive.

Make sure that the RUN light is off (RUN/STOP switch is not pushed in).

Push the release button to raise the front cover. Drive power must be on to operate the cover
release button. Refer to Figure 2-20.

Look into the disk well to make sure that the read/write heads are retracted from the disk
shroud area. Failure to make sure that the heads are fully retracted could cause damage to the
heads and/ or the disk pack.

FRONT COVER

COVER RELEASE
BUTTON

TK 11207

Figure 2-20

Gaining Access to the Disk Spindle

Remove the bottom dust cover from the disk pack canister by squeezing together the two slide
buttons on its underside. A void placing fingerprints on the exposed disks inside the canister.
Refer to Figure 2-21.

Lifting the canister by its handle, set the pack onto the disk spindle.

2-33

DISK PAC~
HANDLE

DISK PACK
CANISTER

BOTTOM DUST
COVER

SQUEEZE THESE TWO
SLIDE BUTTONS IN
TO REMOVE BOTTOM
DUST COVER
BOTTOM VIEW
TK 11206

Figure 2-21

RA60P Disk Pack Storage Canister

Using one hand to turn the handle while holding the disk pack cover stationary with the other,
rotate the pack handle clockwise until it stops turning. Give one last, firm twist to the handle
and lift the storage canister off the pack.

Close the front cover of the disk drive.

Push in the RUN/STOP switch and wait for the READY light to come on. The disk drive is
then ready to accept read and write commands.

2-34

2. 7.2 Unloading the Disk Pack
Use the following procedure to unload the disk pack.
1.

Release the RUN/STOP switch and wait for the RUN light to go off.

Push in the release button and raise the front cover.

Place the storage canister over the disk pack so that the post protruding from the center of the
disk pack contacts the canister handle.

Using one hand to turn the handle and the other to hold the disk pack stationary, rotate the
canister handle counterclockwise until the pack is free of the spindle.

Using the canister handle, lift the pack out of the disk drive and close the front cover.

Install the bottom dust cover on the base of the storage canister by pressing it on gently until it
locks into place.

2.8 TU80 MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVE
Figure 2-22 shows the control panel which is located in the upper right corner of the cabinet. The switches
are all push-button switches. Indicators for the operation selected are LEDs either on or above the selected
switch.
The left part of the control panel contains the operator switches and indicators. The 2-digit display
indicates a fault code related to an abnormal operating condition or a test code when in the diagnostic
mode. The right side of the panel contains the switches for diagnostic procedures (refer to Chapter 3).

INDICATOR

PUSHBUTTON

MAINTENANCE

0
DIAGNOSTICS

SELECT

LOAD
REWIND

[

TWO-DIGIT
LED
DISPLAY

0
LOGIC
ON

~NLINE l ~ CJC:J
~ESET l
b:JCJ

[UNLOAD ][

OPERATOR
MA-0083'-82 A

Figure 2-22

TU80 Control Panel

2.8.1 Control Switches
Table 2-10 describes the functions of the control switches on the control panel.

2-35

Table 2-10

TU80 Control Switches

Switch

Function

LOGIC OFF

When pressed, power is removed from the transport logic, the LOGIC
OFF indicator goes on.

LOGIC ON

If LOGIC ON is pressed when the power is on, the transport logic and
control system is powered up and the TU80 is ready for operation.

LOAD/REWIND

If the transport is turned on and tape is threaded, pressing this switch
causes a load operation to be performed. If tape is loaded, pressing the
switch causes a rewind operation to BOT.

UNLOAD

If tape is loaded at BOT, pressing this switch causes tape to unload from
the take-up reel and tape path onto the supply reel. If tape is loaded
beyond BOT, it rewinds to BOT. If tape is threaded but not loaded,
pressing the switch causes the transport to slowly unload tape onto the
supply reel.

ON-LINE

If tape is loaded, pressing this switch causes the transport to go on-line to
the host system. Press the RESET switch to take the TU80 drive off-line.

RESET

When pressed, this switch places the transport off-line, stops tape motion,
and clears error status. The switch can stop a load and rewind operation. It
also turns off the RESET indicator and clears diagnostic test conditions.

TEST

If the transport has tape threaded but not loaded, pressing this switch
places the unit in the diagnostic/test mode.

STEP

If the transport is in the diagnostic/test mode (and the test number is
displayed), pressing this switch allows the diagnostic/ test sequence numbers in the two-digit display to increment by one.

EXECUTE

If the transport is in the diagnostic/test mode (the test number is displayed), pressing this switch initiates t\le internal diagnostic test shown on
tpe two-digit display.

2-36

2.8.2 Drive Status Indicators
Table 2-11 describes the functions of the indicators on the control panel.

Table 2-11

TU80 Drive Status Indicators

Indicator

Definition

LOGIC OFF

When on, LOGIC OFF indicates that a standby power condition exists
(power supply is on, transport logic is off).
If the indicator is off and no other indicators are on, then the POWER
switch is set to off or there is a power supply problem. If this indicator is
off and LOGIC ON indicator is on, all transport circuitry is in the poweron condition.

LOGIC ON

When on, LOGIC ON indicates that the transport is powered up and
ready for use.

FILE PRO

When on, FILE PRO indicates absence of a write-enabled ring in the
supply reel and write operation is inhibited. Otherwise, write operations
are allowed.

BOT

When on, BOT indicates that the tape is positioned at the beginning-oftape (BOT) marker.

ON-LINE

When on, ON-LINE indicates that the TU80 drive is ready for on-line
operation. All switches except RESET and LOGIC-OFF are inhibited.

SELECT

When on, SELECT indicates that the transport is selected by the host
system for write/read operation.

RESET

When on, RESET indicates that the transport is in fault or diagnostic
status. Two-digit display may contain a fault or diagnostic code.

DIAGNOSTIC

When on, DIAGNOSTIC indicates that the transport is in the diagnostic/test mode. The indicator remains on until the RESET switch is
pressed.

2-37

2.8.3 Threading and Loading Tape
Figure 2-23 shows the transport tape path. The following procedure may be used to thread and load the
tape.
1.

Pull the cover latch toward the front and lift the top access cover. Be sure that the power switch
is in the ON position ( 1 pressed). The LOGIC OFF indicator should be on.
NOTE
The power switch can be in the ON position all the
time to enable the TU80 drive to be powered on
under the CPU.

Press the LOGIC ON switch. The power-up health check is initiated. The LOGIC OFF
indicator goes off and all other indicators momentarily go on. The LOGIC ON and FILE PRO
indicators should remain on.
NOTE
Pressing the LOGIC ON switch enables the drive
power amplifier module, control logic, and support
circuit. If a fault code displays at this time, press the
RESET and LOGIC OFF switches and then LOGIC
ON switch to repeat the check.
If the fault code persists, call Field Service.

Press the inner button on the face of the supply reel hub.

Mount the supply onto the hub so that the reel is seated on the bottom flange. Secure the reel by
pressing the periphery of the hub face to latch the reel.

Thread the magnetic tape through the tape path as shown in Figure 2-18.

Wrap the tape leader (a length of tape before the BOT marker) onto the take-up reel for several
turns.
CAUTION
Make sure that the tape is positioned correctly over
all tape path components, otherwise, tape damage
may occur.

Close and latch the top cover.

Press the LOAD/REWIND switch. In one second, air pressure builds at the air bearings and
tape starts moving in the forward direction. This motion stops when the BOT marker on the
tape is detected. If the tape was over-threaded and the BOT marker was positioned after the
sensor, forward tape motion continues for approximately 12.19 m (40 ft). Then the drive
initiates reverse tape motion until the BOT marker is detected. At this moment, tape motion
stops and the BOT indicator is on.
NOTE
If LOAD fails and tape does not move to BOT,
check for the BOT marker on the tape. If there is no
BOT marker, attach one.

Press the ON-LINE switch to place the unit on-line to the host. The switch may be pressed
while the load operation is in progress. On completion of a load operation, the drive indicates online status by turning the ON-LINE indicator on. (If the transport is ready for a write operation,
the FILE PRO indicator goes off.) Now the drive is ready for use.

2-38

0
MA-0085-82

Figure 2-23

Tape Threading Path

2.8.4 Care of Magnetic Tape
The following guidelines are provided to ensure proper handling and storage of magnetic tape.
1.

Keep magnetic tapes clean. Store them in their proper container when not in use and keep
empty containers tightly closed.

Do not expose tapes to heat or dust. Do not place them near a line printer or any device that
produces paper dust. Do not place them on top of the tape drive or in any location where they
may be affected by hot air.

Never touch the tape between the BOT and EOT markers. Oil from the fingers attracts dust,
dirt and oxide.

Never use a contaminated reel of tape. This can spread to clean tapes and affect transport
reliability.

Always handle tape reels by the hub hole. Squeezed reel edges can damage the tape when
winding or unwinding.

Do not smoke near the tape drive or storage areas. Tobacco smoke and ash are very damaging
to tapes.

Do not store tapes in the vicinity of electric motors, and avoid contact with magnetized tools or
instruments.

2.9 BOOTSTRAPPING AND OPERATING THE SYSTEM
This section describes the sequences of events that occur when the system is initiated and when the system
is halted.

2-39

2.9.1 Power-Up Sequence
When the CPU power/control switch is moved from the OFF to the LOCAL position, the following
power-up sequence is initiated by the console subsystem.
1.

A series of power-up tests is performed. One letter of the word CONSOLE is printed between
each test. The last two letters are printed after the final test.

If the console tape is not inserted in the TU58 drive 1, the console tries to read from drive 0. If
neither TU58 drive contains a tape, the console enters an idle state and prints the error prompt
"ROM>". The operator may proceed by inserting the microcode tape and typing CTRL/C.

With the tape inserted, the version number of the console code is printed when it has successfully loaded. A series of files (including the command files POWER.CMD and CODEOn.CMD) is
then listed on the console as they are loaded from the tape and executed.
The microcode is loaded in stages and the entire sequence must be complete for the console to
fully communicate with the system.

The AUTO RESTART switch is checked at this point. If the switch is in the OFF position, the
CPU is placed in the console mode and the console prompt">>>" is printed. At this time the
system can be operated by entering console commands from the console keyboard.

If the AUTO RESTART switch is in the ON position, or is moved to the BOOT position, the
system will begin the cold start (boot) sequence described in Section 2.9.2.
2.9.2 Cold Start Sequence - Booting VMS
The cold start sequence (boot) can be initiated in several ways.
•
•

Power-up sequence with the AUTO RESTART switch in the ON position
Moving the AUTO RESTART switch to the BOOT position

•
Executing the boot command on the console terminal
•
Failure of an attempted warm start (restart).
Initiation of the cold start sequence causes the console subsystem to search the console tape for the default
bootstrap command file DEFBOO.CMD. When DEFBOO.CMD is found it is loaded into memory. If the
file is not found, the error number and file name are printed with the "FILE NOT FOUND" and the
system returns to console mode.
When the bootstrap file has successfully loaded from the tape, the name of the file is printed and the file is
executed. In the case of VAX/VMS, DEFBOO.CMD first initializes the system. It then loads internal
CPU registers by executing console commands which it lists on the console.
DEFBOO.CMD then loads the main bootstrap program, VMB.EXE, from the TU58 drive to memory and
starts it. VMB.EXE, in turn, attempts to load and start the VMS operating system from the system disk.
(The operating system must have been installed and must be in place on the system disk.)
1.

When VMS has loaded successfully, the version number and date are printed and the operator
responds to the time-of-year message shown in the following example.
VAX/VMS Version V3.5 13-0CT-1983 12:02
PLEASE ENTER DATE AND TIME (DD-MMM-YYYY HH:MM)

The operator enters the date/time information in the following format.
15-NOV-1983 17:25

VMS performs a series initialization and the set-up tasks, then logs out the terminal. The
operator or system manager must then log in to an authorized account.
2-40

When in program mode, the console subsystem allows the console terminal to be addressed as an I/O
device by the system software and monitors keyboard characters for CTRL/P. The console subsystem
continues operation under its own program control and performs a wide variety of system tasks and
services.
2.9.3 Warm Start Recovery (Restart)
Warm start recovery refers to restarting the operating system without reloading it into memory. The
restart will be attempted when the console subsystem gains control of the system following a CPU halt or a
power restoration. The console subsystem monitors the AUTO RESTART switch to determine if restart is
enabled. If the AUTO RESTART switch is in the OFF position, restart is disabled and the CPU will enter
the console 1/0 mode wait loop. If restart is enabled (AUTO RESTART is ON), the console subsystem
will print "ATTEMPTING SYSTEM RESTART" and will initiate restart procedures.
If the warm restart fails, the console subsystem prints "SYSTEM REST ART FAILED" and attempts to
cold start the operating system.

2.9.4 Shutting Down the System
It sometimes becomes necessary to halt a running VAX/VMS operating system. If possible, the system
manager should perform the shutdown in an orderly manner to prevent loss of data. When the orderly
shutdown fails, an emergency shutdown may be attempted before turning off the power to the system.
2.9.4.1 Orderly System Shutdown - The following procedure outlines the steps in an orderly system
shutdown. More information on system shutdown can be found in the VAX/VMS System Management
and Operations Guide (AA-M5474-TE).
To begin an orderly system shutdown, the system manager must type the following command after the
"$" prompt.
@SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN
This system will then prompt the system manager with a series of questions, as shown in the following
example.
How many minutes until shutdown [O]? 5
Reason? WEEKLY SYSTEM DISK BACKUP
Do you want to spin down the disks [No]? YES
Expected uptime (<RET> if not known)?
Enable automatic reboot [No]?
When these questions have been answered the system warns users of the impending shutdown and requests
that they log out. Batch and device queues are stopped and logins are disabled. Volumes are dismounted,
user processes are stopped, and files are closed.
2.9.4.2 Emergency System Shutdown - If it is necessary to shut down the system quickly, the system
mangaer may use the following command to force an immediate shutdown.
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:OPCRASH
When the system is shut down using this method, users are not warned and files are not necessarily closed.
However, memory is saved on the disk in the system dump file.

2-41

2.10

CONSOLE COMMANDS

The VAX-11/725 console is implemented to perform the following functions and services.
•

Serves as controller for the LA120 console terminal, the dual-drive TU58 cassette tape unit,
and the remote diagnostic interface.

•

Operates under the control of its own RAM-resident program when the microcode is fully
loaded as described in Sections 2.9.l and 2.9.2.

•

In program mode, performs hardware functions related to the operating system and (except for
CTRL/P) allows the program to address the local terminal as an 1/0 device.

•

In console mode, communicates with the system microcode to perform commands typed on the
local or remote terminal.

Decriptions of console commands most commonly used by the operator or programmer are provided here.
(The VAX-11 /725 Diagnostic System Overview Manual [EK-DS725-UG] contains descriptions of userrunnable diagnostics and maintenance commands.)
A console command is issued as follows.
1.

The command is specified by typing only its abbreviation (shown in parentheses) in upper or
lower case.

Any qualifiers that follow must be separated by a slant (/) sign.

Address and data information are separated by one or more spaces and are expressed by one to
eight hexadecimal (hex) digits.

The command is executed when the RETURN key is pressed.

2.10.1

Directory (DIR)

The directory command types a directory listing of the tape inserted in the TU58 default drive unit unless
the other unit is specified.
Examples:
>>>DIR

Types a directory of the tape inserted in the current TU58 default drive
unit.

>>>DIR DDn:

Types a directory of the tape in unit n. "ODO:" sets unit 0 as the default
unit; "DOI:" sets unit 1.

NOTE
During a power-up sequence, the default tape unit ~s
unit 1. The default changes to unit 0 if the console
tape is not inserted in unit 1. The default unit may
then be changed by the operator with a console command that accesses the TU58 drive.

2-42

2.10.2 Boot (B)
The boot command loads and executes a bootstrap command file from the default TU 58 tape unit.
Examples:
>>>B

Loads/executes DEFBOO.CMD from the default unit.

>>>B DDn:

Loads/executes DEFBOO.CMD from unit n (ODO: or 001 :).

>>>B SUO

Loads/executes SUOBOO.CMD from the default unit.

>>>B DDn:SUO

Loads/exeuctes SUOBOO.CMD from unit n (ODO: or 001 :).

2.10.3 Test (T)
The test command performs the self-test then loads and starts one of three diagnostic programs from a
console drive device, depending on whether a qualifier is used, and if so, which one. The qualifiers used
are:
none

Loads and starts the customer-runnable diagnostic AUTO mode package
(ENSAB.EXE).

Loads and starts the customer-runnable diagnostic MENU mode package.

Loads and starts the micro-diagnositc monitor package (ENKAA.EXE).

2.10.4 Initialize (I)
The initialize command clears system error and status flags and sets the CPU and its internal constants to
a specified starting condition.
2.10.5 Start (S)
The start command initializes the CPU, deposits the specified starting address into the CPU program
counter (PC), and performs a continue function to begin program operation. The program starts from the
current contents of the PC if no address if specified.
Examples:
>>>S 1000

Starts the main memory program from address 1000 (hex) in the PC.

>>>S@

Stores the address of the data last examined or deposited in the PC and
uses it as the starting address.

2-43

2.10.6 Halt (H)
The console halt command is not implemented in the VAX-11/725. CTRL/P is used to halt the CPU.
Giving the halt command while the CPU is halted, however, causes the console to type the contents of the
CPU program counter (PC).
2.10.7 Continue (C)
The continue command causes the CPU to continue the program from the current address in the CPU
program counter (PC). Initialization does not take place, as it does for the start command, and the system
state and registers are unaffected.
If the CPU clock is stopped due to a microcode breakpoint, or if the CPU is in microstep mode, the
continue command restarts the CPU clock and stays in console mode.

2.10.8 Examine (E) and Deposit (D) Commands
Examine (E) - This command allows the operator to examine the contents of a specified address. If no
address or address symbol is given, the contents of the next address are examine by default.

Examples:
>>>E 1000

Examines the contents of address 1000 (hex).

>>>E

Examines the contents of address 1004 (hex), assuming that the data size
is a longword.

Deposit (D) - This command allows the operator to deposit data. The address must be specified, or an
address symbol given, with each deposit command.

Examples:
>>>D 1000 DEF21345

Deposits DEF21345 (hex) in address 1000 (hex).

>>>D * 21345

Deposits 00021345 (hex) in address 1000 (hex), assuming that
the data size is a longword.

Qualifiers - When the system is initialized, the defaults are set up as follows.

Address = 00000000
Address Space = Physical
Data Size= Longword
The address space and data size may be changed by including default qualifiers shown in Table 2-12 with
the examine or deposit command. It is not necessary to give the qualifiers again for subsequent examines
or deposits.

2-44

Table 2-12
Qualifier

Examine and Deposit Qualifiers

Description

Address Space Qualifiers

Main memory physical address space.

Virtual address space (does not work unless mapping is set up for the virtual
address reference. Also, virtual address examines the display of the translated
physical address.)

Internal processor register (IPR).

General purpose register (GPR).

Machine-dependent internal register.

Console microprocessor (ROM or RAM). A console I/O device may also be
examined using the command. Example: >>>E/U FFaa, where aa is an I/O
device address 00 through FF.

CPU writeable control store (WCS).

Data Size Qualifiers

Longword

Word

Byte

Repeat Qualifier
/N:n

Examine or Deposit n+l successive locations. Example: >>>E/P/L/N:lO 1000
examines 11 successive hexadecimal addresses (17 decimal addresses) in the physical address space, starting in location 1000. Returns longword data.

System Register Addressing - Table 2-13 shows the symbolic addresses used to reference internal system
registers. When initial reference has been made to a register in internal CPU address space (/I, /G, /M,
/U, or /C in Table 2-12), the symbols shown in Table 2-14 may be used for examines and deposits to
subsequent registers. Longword reference is made to IPR (/I) or GPR (/G) address space regardless of the
data size default.
Physical and Virtual Addressing - Address and data for physical main memory and virtual address space
are expressed by one to eight hexadecimal digits. If more digits are supplied for a deposit command than
the data size allows, the extra digits to the left are ignored. If fewer digits are supplied, the console appends
zeros to the left.

2-45

Table 2-13

Internal Register Access

Designation

Registers Accessed

PSL or PS

Processor status longword (PSL)

General purpose register (GPR); n = 0 to F (hex)

Currently active stack pointer (GPR E)

CPU program counter (GPR F)

Table 2-14

Symbolic Addresses

Symbol

Function

Reference current address (last address referenced).

Reference next address "+" is assumed for an examine if no address or symbol is
given.
Reference previous address.
Indirect address reference. Uses the address of the data last examined or deposited
as the address for the command. Also works for a Start (>>>S @)or Load/Start
(>>>L/S:@).

When reference has been made to an initial address, the symbols shown in Table 2-14 may be used for
subsequent examines and deposits to physical or virtual address space. (The address mapping must be set
up for translation to take place or virtual address references will not work.)
The subsequent address referenced by the plus (+) or minus (-) symbol is the current address plus or
minus the data size default: 1 for byte, 2 for word, or 4 for longword.

2.10.9 Repeat (R)
The repeat command may be used to continually execute the examine or deposit command until stopped
by CTRL/C, CTRL/P, or the BREAK key.
Example:
>>>RE 1000

Repeatedly examines address 1000 (hex) until stopped by the operator.

2.10.10 Console Mode Control Keys
Table 2-15 gives a description of console mode control key functions.

2-46

Table 2-15

Console Mode Control Keys

Key

Control Function

RETURN

Terminates the command string and causes the console to execute the
command.

CTRL/C, CTRL/P,
or BREAK

Aborts the current command and returns the console to the idle state. (See
also the repeat command description.)

DELETE

Deletes previous characters in the command string (if the carriage return
has not been given). Each delete causes a backslash (\) to be printed.

ESCAPE (ESC)

Reexecutes the last command given (current contents of the command
input buffer).

CTRL/R

Retypes the last command given (current contents of the command input
buffer).

CTRL/U

Aborts the current command and clears the command input buffer.

CTRL/O

Enables or disables console printouts.

CTRL/S

Stops console printout. Only keyboard control characters are recognized;
all others are stored in a 64-character buffer and are accepted only when
CTRL/Q is given.

CTRL/Q

Resumes console printout. Console responds to stored input characters.

2.10.11 Load (L)
The load command causes file data to be read from the TU58 drive to main memory (/P), the CPU
writeable control store (/C), or the console microprocessor memory (/U).
Examples:
>>>L/P/S:aaaa
DDn: filename

>>>L/P/S:

Loads the specified file data to physical main memory starting at address
aaaa (hex). If no starting address is specified, it starts the load at address
0. The console tries to read from the default TU58 unit if none is
specified.
Loads data from the default TU58 unit to main memory, starting at the
address of the last data examined or deposited.

2.10.12 Next (N)
The next command is given when it is desired to step through the program one instruction (macroinstruction) at a time.
Example:
>>>N nnnn

The CPU executes nnnn instructions.

If the number is not given, one instruction is executed and the console enters the spacebar step mode. The
console enters the program mode to perform the instruction, returning to the console mode when the step
is complete. It then types the current contents of the PC. Interrupts are blocked while executing the next
command from the console.

2-47

2.10.13 Microstep (M)
The microstep command is given when it is desired to step through each instruction, one micro-instruction
at a time.
Example:
>>>M nnnn

The CPU executes nnnn micro-instructions.

If the number is not given, one micro-instruction is executed and the console enters the spacebar step
mode. The contents of the micro-program counter (UPC) are typed after each step. (Stepping through
instructions that access the console does not work.)

Typing the next command (N) causes the program to complete the current instruction and halt. The
program may then be continued by typing the continue command (C).

2.10.14 Test (T)
The test command tries to find the customer-runnable diagnostic package ENKAB.EXE on the TU58
default unit. The command (T/C) tries to load and start the microdiagnostic monitor ENKAA.EXE. The
operating state of the machine is altered whether or not the file is found. If not, the console subsystem
returns to the console mode to reload itself from the console tape. The following tests are called by this
command:
>>>T

Calls the CRD AUTO test.

>>>T/M

Calls the CRD MENU mode.

>>>T/C

Calls the microdiagnostic monitor (MICMON).

2.10.15 Wait (W)
The wait command is reserved for the use of the console subsystem to detect the completion of POWER.CPU on the power-up sequence described in Section 2.9.1.
2.10.16 Indirect (@)
This command loads and executes the indirect command file specified on a power-up sequence or by the
operator. It must not be confused with the indirect symbolic address described in Table 2-14.
Example:
>>>@POWER.CMD

2.10.17 Binary Load/Unload (X)
This command is reserved for the use of an automated device that communicates with the console to
transfer data between itself and main memory (/P), the CPU writeable control store (/C), or the console
microprocessor (/U).
Example:
>>>X/P aaaaaaaa nnnnnnnn(RETURN)(CHECKSUM)
Except for data bit <31>, transfers nnnnnnnn data bytes, starting at physical address
aaaaaaaa.
If data bit <31 > is a 1, the operation is Binary Unload (the console unloads memory data to
the device).

2-48

If data bit <31> is a 0, the operation is Binary Load (the console loads memory with data
from the device).

After a carriage return, the device supplies a command checksum to continue the operation.
A data checksum is then provided on nnnnnnnn+ 1.

2.10.18

Console Command Errors

If the operator gives a command that the console cannot properly process, it prints a question mark
followed by the error code and an explanation of the problem.

2.10.19 Processor Halt Codes
When the CPU is halted for any reason, it returns to console mode and a question mark is printed,
followed by the applicable halt or error halt code as described in Table 2-16.

Table 2-16

Processor Halt Codes

Code

Description

Halt command, when given by the operator while the processor is in console mode.
Also prints the contents of the CPU PC.

Microverify was successful.

CPU Halt - Operator typed CTRL/P while the processor was in program mode.

Typed by the console on a power fail restart. Does not appear in a halt message.

Invalid Interrupt. Stack (IS).

CPU double error. A second machine check occurred before a previous one could
be reported.

CPU Halt - CPU executed a HALT instruction in kernel mode.

Invalid System Control Block (SCB) vector (bits <l :0> of the SCB vector = 3).

No User WCS - SCB vector bits <1:0> = 2 with no user WCS installed.

Error Pending on Halt - Processor was halted by a CTRL/P before an error halt
could be performed.

Change Mode from Interrupt Stack instruction was executed when the PSL <IS>
bit was set.

Change Mode to Interrupt Stack instruction was executed when the exception
vector for a change mode had bit <0> set.

SCB Read Error - Uncorrectable memory error occurred when the CPU tried to
read an exception or interrupt vector.

2-49

CHAPTER 3
USER MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES

3.1 GENERAL
This chapter describes procedures and precautions that must be followed to ensure that regular user-level
maintenance is properly performed. Also, this chapter lists the faults that may occur in the system
peripheral devices.
Refer to the individual device user documentation, listed in Chapter 1, for a full explanation of user
maintenance procedures.

3.2 SYSTEM POWER
System power for the VAX-11/730 systems is controlled by circuit breakers located in the front and rear
of the system cabinets.
3.2.1 VAX-11/730 System 1 and 2 Power
Power to devices in the VAX-11/730 system 1 and 2 system cabinets is controlled by a circuit breaker on
the power controller that is located in the bottom rear of the system cabinet. This circuit breaker is located
in the middle of the power controller and is labeled MAIN POWER. This circuit breaker controls the
SWITCHED outlets on the front of the power controller, into which the CPU mounting box, drive devices
and console terminal are plugged. Power to other devices in the system cabinet is taken from the
UNSWITCHED outlets.
Power to the CPU mounting box is controlled by a circuit breaker that is located behind the front panel on
top of the box. The circuit breaker is accessed by extending the safety foot from the front of the cabinet
and sliding the CPU mounting slightly forward.
Power to drive devices in the system cabinet is controlled by circuit breakers located at middle rear of each
drive device. These are accessed by removing the system cabinet door.

3.2.2 VAX-11/730 SBB
Power to devices in the VAX-11/730 SBB system is controlled by a circuit breaker on the power
controllers. The controllers are located in the bottom right rear of the cabinets in the system configuration.
The circuit breaker is labeled MAIN POWER. This circuit breaker controls the SWITCHED outlets on
the front of the power controller, into which the CPU mounting box (in the system cabinet), drive devices
(in the drive device cabinet) and console terminal are plugged. Power to other devices in the cabinet is
taken from the UNSWITCHED outlets.
Power to the CPU mounting box is controlled by a circuit breaker located at the middle rear of the
mounting box.
Power to the disk drive devices is also controlled by circuit breakers which are located at the middle rear of
each device.

3-1

Power to the magnetic tape transport is controlled by a circuit breaker located in the upper right corner of
the transport under the access cover.
All circuit breaker,s for the power controllers, CPU mounting box and disk drive devices are accessed by
removing the cabinet rear door.

NOTE
The normal position for all system circuit breakers
is ON (1).
The normal position for the REMOTE/OFF/
LOCAL switch on all power controllers is
REMOTE. This allows the CPU front panel
keyswitch to switch system power to devices in the
system.
CAUTION
VAX-11/730 subsystems are equipped with power
select switches that allow them to be used with
either 120 VAC or 240 VAC power in a variety of
applications. The position of these switches should
not be changed since the power supplies of these
devices may be seriously damaged.
3.3 LA120 CONSOLE TERMINAL
The LA 120 is a smart, bidirectional, 7 X 7 dot-matrix impact printer. It contains a 1000-character input
buffer and has a maximum print rate of 180 characters per second. If characters are transmitted to the
printer at a high baud rate, they are stored in the input buffer until the printer catches up. If the LA 120
terminal is changed from the on-line to the local mode, printing continues until the buffer is empty.
3.3.1 Power Switch, Fuse, and Cover Interlock
The console terminal is plugged into a switched ac outlet of the system power control. The normal position
for the ac power switch is ON to allow the terminal to turn on and off with the system. A safety interlock
is provided to prevent printer operation when the cover is opened. The ac power switch and line fuse are
located in the lower left-hand corner of the front panel below the keyboard. The line fuse is a 250 V slowblow, rated at 3 A.
3.3.2 Changing the Ribbon
The LA 120 ribbon provides from six to eight hours of continuous printing. When the print contrast
becomes too light, the ribbon may be turned over for one or two more hours of printing. It should then be
replaced as follows.
1.

Turn the printer off and open the top cover.

Move the print head adjustment lever away from the paper (see Figure 2-5).

Wind the old ribbon up entirely on one spool and remove it.

Save the empty spool and discard the old ribbon.

Attach the end hook of the new ribbon to the empty spool.

Wind ten turns of new ribbon on the empty spool.

3-2

Place the full spool on the left spool shaft (which turns freely) and turn clockwise until it drops
into position.

Thread the new ribbon around the print head and guides, and through the direction-changing
guides (Figure 3-1 ).

Make sure that the ribbon rivet is on the empty spool, or is between the empty spool and the
direction-changing guide.

10.

Adjust the print impression as follows.
a.

Move the head adjustment lever toward the paper and make light contact with the paper
or form.

Manually move the print head to the side to check for smudging or paper rippling.

Close the cover and type several characters. If smudging or rippling occurs, open the cover
and move the head adjustment lever slightly away from the paper and check it again.

CAUTION
Only DIGIT AL recommended ribbons (part no. 3612153-01) should be used in the LA120 terminal.
Using other ribbons may damage the print head and
void the warranty.

RIBBON REVERSING FORKS

.~.

.....------..-

CARRIAGE
ADJUSTMENT
LEVER

Figure 3-1

MA3381

Threading the Ribbon

3.3.3 Error Display
When the LA 120 terminal is turned on, it runs several internal tests. Any error results are viewed in the
numeric display, as shown in Table 3-1. If the error cannot be cleared, an authorized service engineer
should be notified.
3.3.4 Self-test Feature
The self-test may be performed in one of two modes, printing or non-printing.

3-3

Table 3-1
If Display

LA120 Error Display

Indicates

Problem Is
Caused By

Error at ROM address 0
Error at ROM address 2048

Error at ROM address 4096

Error at ROM address 6144

Error at ROM address 8192

Error at ROM address 10240

(reserved for future use)

RAM diagnostic failure

Microprocessor failure (see note 1)

Nonvolatile memory failure (see notes 1 and 2)

8888

Cover open or paper-out indication (see note 3)

NOTES
Turn the LA120 printer OFF, then back ON. If
an error indication reappears, record the indication and call for service.
If the original problem was a flashing "9",

check the stored set-up features to ensure that
they were not affected. The printer self-test
can also be performed as described in Section
3.3.4. The test may help to determine if the
problem is in the printer or in the console
subsystem.
3.

3.3.4.1

Close cover, reload paper, or clear paper jam.

Printing Self-test - The following actions run the printing self-test.

Hold the CTRL key and press the SET-UP key.

Press the letter "T".

The test continues until the SET-UP key is pressed.

3-4

3.3.4.2

3.4

Nonprinting Self-test - The following actions run the nonprinting self-test.

Hold the CTRL key and press the SET-UP key.

Hold the SHIFT key and press the "period" key.

The test continues without printing characters until the SET-UP key is pressed.

LAlOO CONSOLE TERMINAL

3.4.1 Power Switch and Fuse
The LA 100 terminal is plugged into a switched ac outlet of the system power controller. The normal
position for the ac power switch is ON to allow the terminal to turn on and off with the system. The ac
power switch and line fuse are located in the lower right corner of the rear panel. The line fuse is a 250 V
slow-blow, rated at 3 A.
3.4.2 Changing the Ribbon
The ribbon cartridge used in the Letterwriter 100 terminals usually provides 40 hours of continuous
printing. Actual cartridge life depends on the type of printing done by the terminal. When the print
density is too light, check the printhead adjustment (described later in this chapter). If the printhead is
adjusted correctly and the print density is still too light, replace the ribbon cartridge.
CAUTION
Although you can use the DECwriter IV ribbon cartridge with the Letterwriter 100, DIGITAL recommends the Letterwriter 100 ribbon cartridge (P /N
LAlOR). Using other ribbon cartridges may damage
the printhead and void the warranty. Refer to the
Accessories and Supplies chapter for ordering
information.
Perform the following procedure to install a ribbon cartridge. It is not necessary to turn the power off
when installing a ribbon cartridge.
1.

Open the access cover (Figure 3-2).

Remove (lift) and discard the old ribbon cartridge.

3-5

ACCESS
COVER

CARRIAGE
ASSEMBLY

MA-72398

Figure 3-2

Carriage Assembly

Move the printhead adjustment lever all the way to the right (Figure 3-2).

Turn the ribbon adjust knob on the new ribbon cartridge clockwise to tighten the ribbon (Figure
3-3).

Line up the snap buttons on the new ribbon cartridge with the mounting holes in the cartridge
assembly (Figure 3-2).

Slowly press the new ribbon cartridge onto the cartridge assembly while turning the ribbon
adjust knob. Verify that the slot in the ribbon cartridge (Figure 3-3) engages the tab on the
ribbon advancing mechanism (Figure 3-2).

3-6

BOTTOM VIEW RIBBON CARTRIDGE

TO MOUNTING HOLES
ON CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY

MA-72408

Figure 3-3

Ribbon Cartridge

3-7

3.4.3 Self-Test
The LA 100 terminal performs a power-up self-test whenever power to the terminal is turned on. Any
errors during this self-test are displayed by the keyboard indicators. Refer to Table 3-2 for the power-up
self-test indications.

Table 3-2
DSR
Indicator

POWER/FAULT
Indicator

Off

Power-Up Self -Test Indications

Probable Cause

Action

Off, no
carriage
motion

Power supply

Refer to the LA JOO
Operator's Guide.

Off

Off, carriage
motion

Defective
indicators

Request service.

1 flash

Defective font
ROM 1

Replace ROM.

2 flashes

Defective font
ROM 2 (may be
cartridge or
plug-in ROM)

Replace ROM.

3 flashes

Defective font
ROM 3

Replace ROM.

4 flashes

Defective font
ROM 4 (may be
cartridge or
plug-in ROM)

Replace ROM.

5 flashes

Defective font
ROM 5

Replace ROM.

6 flashes

Defective first
microcode ROM

Request service.

7 flashes

Defective second
microcode ROM

Request service.

8 flashes

Defective RAM

Request service.

9 flashes

Defective
optional RAM

Request service.

3-8

Table 3-2

3.5

Power-Up Self-test Indications (Cont)

DSR
Indicator

POWER/FAULT
Indicator

Probable Cause

Action

On or off

Flashing, no
bell

Cover open or
paper fault

Close cover. Press
CLEAR FAULT key.

On or off

Flashing, bell
tones

Head jam

Clear jam. Press
CLEAR FAULT key.

On-line/ready
to receive data

Off

Terminal is in
modem mode with
no DSR signal, or
SELF-TEST key was
pressed before
power-up.

Release SELF-TEST
key.

TU58 CASSETTE TAPE DRIVES

3.5.1 Drive Cleaning
After 250 hours of tape running time, or twice a year, record head and puck (Figure 3-4) should be
cleaned with a long-handled cotton applicator. The applicator should be moistened with cleaning fluid
supplied in the Tape Drive Cleaning Kit TUC-01, with 95 percent isopropyl alcohol, or with fluorocarbon
TF, 113, or equivalent.

l_L___~_; 2 1 ;1~11! :J
I

DRIVE PUCK

TAPE HEAD

MICROSWITCHES

MA-2374

Figure 3-4

TU58 Cassette Tape Cartridge Slot

Turn the puck with the applicator and clean its entire surface. Regular cleaning minimizes tape and head
wear and prevents tape damage and data errors caused by contamination. This is the only regular
maintenance required on the TU58 tape drives. For further information on operator fault isolation and
cartridge repair, refer to the TU58 DECtape II Technical Manual (EK-OTU58-TM).

3-9

3.5.2 Tape Wear
Cassette cartridge tape is expected to last for about 5000 passes, end-to-end and back. If a cartridge is near
the end of its useful life, a read operation may require several retries to read the data. A soft error (a
temporary data loss) is usually caused by a speck of dirt or oxide on the tape or head surface. The speck
lifts the tape from the head, causing signal loss and subsequent read errors. Extra passes of the tape past
the head may remove the speck and allow error-free reading. If this happens often, the tape may be old
and shedding oxide. It should be copied and discarded as soon as possible.
NOTE
Keep magnetized tools or objects away from the
cartridge or data may be erased or altered. When
handling the cartridge, do not touch the tape surface. Fingerprints collect dirt and oxide particles
and cause errors.
3.6 RL02 DISK SUBSYSTEM
User maintenance procedures are limited to care and external cleaning of the RL02K disk cartridge and
cleaning of the drive spindle assembly. It should be noted that the RL02K cartridge is physically
interchangeable with the RLO 1K cartridge; however, each is factory certified to a different format and
they are not functionally interchangeable.
3.6.1 Cleaning the Cartridge Cover
The user should clean the outer sides of a completely assembled cartridge by using a lint-free wiper
dampened with a solution of 9 percent water and 91 percent isopropyl alcohol. The cartridge must not be
saturated and all excess solvent must be removed with a dry wiper. This is necessary to prevent solvent
from entering the seams of the assembly and contaminating the platter.
CAUTION
For cleaning purposes, only a solution of 9 percent
water and 91 percent isopropyl alcohol should be
used. Do not use water, trichlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, or other solvents.
3.6.2 Professional Cartridge Cleaning
Cartridges should be professionally cleaned every six months or whenever practical. Complete cartridge
cleaning procedures must be performed by a professional cleaning service.
CAUTION
Cleaning procedures exercised by unqualified personnel may void not only the cartridge warranty, but
the warranty for any drive in which the cartridge is
operated.
3.6.3 Spindle Assembly Cleaning
Use a lint-free wiper dampened with the 91 percent isopropyl alcohol solution to clean the spind\e cone
before loading the cartridge. Do not saturate the assembly, and remove all excess with a dry, lint-free
wiper. This is necessary to prevent contamination of the cartridge when it is loaded. In addition, ensure
that the shroud is as free of dust and lint as possible before loading the cartridge. Dry lint and dust may be
blown from the spindle area using canned air or filtered dry air.
CAUTION
Use of manufacturing environment air, which may
contain water or oil, is not permissible.

3-10

3.7

R80, RASO, RA81 AND RA60 DISK SUBSYSTEMS

3. 7.1 Fault Identification Codes
For faults not locally or program correctable, a general fault code is displayed during the fault reset
sequence, as shown in Table 3-3 through Table 3-6. The specific fault is stored internal to the disk drives
for later retrieval by the service engineer.

Table 3-3

R80 Fault Identification Codes

Type of Fault

RUN
STOP

FAULT

Spin-up

Read/Write
Unsafe

Write Protect

Spindle Motor
Interlock

Spindle Motor
Speed

Invalid
Interface
Command

HOA or Servo
Board
Overtemp

Read/Write
Diagnostic

Microcode

Servo
piagnostic

Initial
Recalibrate

Microprocessor
Hardcore Test

READY

WRITE
PROT

STAT
1

STAT
2
ON

ON
ON

ON
ON
ON

ON
ON

*The RUN/STOP indicator state remains the same as it was before the FAULT switch was pushed.

3-11

Table 3-4

Type of Fault

RUN
STOP

RASO Fault Identification Codes

FAULT

READY

WRITE
PROT

Spin-up

Read/Write
Unsafe

Spindle Motor
Interlock

Spindle Motor
Speed

Drive Disabled
by "DD" Bit

HDA or Servo
Board
Overtemp

Read/Write
Diagnostic

Microcode

Servo
Diagnostic

Initial
Recalibrate

Microprocessor
Hardcore Test

ON
ON

ON
ON
ON

ON
ON

*The RUN/STOP indicator state remains the same as it was before the FAULT switch was pushed.

3-12

Table 3-5

Type of Fault

RUN
STOP

RA81 Fault Identification Codes

FAULT

READY

WRITE
PROT

Spin error

Microprocessor
Fault

SDI Error

Master /Slave
Error

Servo Fine
Positioning
Error

Servo Course
Positioning
Error

Spindle Motor
Interlock Error

Servo or HOA
Overtemp Error

Read/Write
Unsafe Error

Read/Write
Command Error

Servo/HOA
Interlock Error

Servo/Microprocessor
Interlock Error

Read/Write
Microprocessor
Interlock Error

Control Panel/
Microprocessor
Interlock Error
Personality/
Microprocessor
Interlock Error

3-13

Table 3-5

RA81 Fault Identification Codes (Cont)

Type of Fault

RUN
STOP

FAULT

Index Error

Write and Bad
Embedded Data

Drive Disabled
by DD Bit

Write Enable
and Write
Embedded
Asserted Error

Servo Diagnostic
Test Error

Read/Write
Diagnostic
Test Error

Diagnostic Idol
Loop Test Error

DC Low

Microprocessor
Hardcore Test
Error

READY

WRITE
PROT

3-14

Table 3-6

RA60 Fault Identification Codes

Type of Fault

RUN
STOP

Microcode Error

Heads Home
Switch Fault

Front Panel
Fault

Long Spin-up
Time Fault

Bad Servo
Samples Fault

Bad Velocity
Fault

Linear Mode
Fault

Retry on Seek
Fault

Last Servo
Samples Fault

Heads Home
Switch Would
Not Open

FAULT

READY

WRITE
PROT

*The RUN/STOP switch may be on or off, depending on the state of the drive.

3.8 TU80 MAGNETIC TAPE SUBSYSTEM
3.8.1 Cleaning Procedure
All transport components that need regular cleaning are located on the tape deck. These components
include the magnetic head assembly, EOT/BOT sensor, tape cleaner, and air bearings. Also, the user
should regularly examine and clean, as required, the top of the tape deck, reel hubs, and top cover door.
To access the magnetic head components (Figure 3-5), pull up the two-part head assembly dust cover from
the tape deck.

3-15

DUST COVERS

MAGNETIC HEAD

TAPE CLEANER

LOWER AIR
BEARING

UPPER AIR
BEARING

EOT/BOT SENSOR
MA-0087-82

Figure 3-5

3.8.1.1
1.

Magnetic Head/Tape Path Components

Magnetic Heads - Use the following procedure to clean magnetic heads.
Clean the magnetic head working surface with a soft lint-free wipe moistened with the cleaning
fluid.
NOTE
Wipe the head surface in the same direction that the
tape travels during data recording (forward motion).

Clean area adjacent to the head of any dirt that can be transported with the tape.

3.8.1.2 EOT/BOT Sensor and Tape Cleaner - Use a swab moistened with the cleaning fluid to remove
dirt or oxide from sensor surfaces and reflective strip, and from the tape cleaner blades.
3.8.1.3

Air Bearings - Use the following procedure to clean the air bearings.

Clean both air bearings with a swab moistened with the cleaning fluid.

Make sure that foil area, guide springs, and both tape guides are cleared of any oxide/dirt
buildup. If available, use a small mirror to inspect inner edge of the guides.

3.8.1.4 Top Cover, Tape Deck, and Head Assembly Dust Covers - To prevent the transfer of dirt to the
tape components, do not allow dust or dirt to accumulate on the inside of the dust cover. Clean the inside
cover surface with a clean, lint-free wipe and any cleaning fluid that is safe for plastic, painted surfaces.

3-16

3.8.2 Customer Confidence Check
The customer confidence check consists of the power-on health check and the basic operator diagnostic
test 01.

3.8.2.1 Power-On Health Check- The power-on health check is a microdiagnostic (resident) test that
is performed when the TU80 is successful, the LOGIC OFF indicator turns OFF and the two-digit
display on the TU80 front panel momentarily shows "00''. Then the BOT, RESET, ON-LINE,
DIAGNOSTIC, and SELECT indicators go on momentarily. The LOGIC ON and FILE PRO
indicators go on and stay on. Otherwise, a fault code is displayed in the two-digit display. Press the
RESET, LOGIC OFF and LOGIC ON switches to repeat the check. If the fault code reappears, proceed
with the operator corrective actions as indicated in Table 3-7.

Table 3-7 TU 80 Operator Corrective Actions
Fault

Corrective Actions

01-09

Clean the magnetic head and tape path.

Make sure the cover door is securely closed.

Thread the tape.

Latch the supply reel.

Thread the tape correctly as shown in Figure 2-23.

Check for BOT marker on tape. Attack BOT/EOT marker.

This fault codes indicates that the RESET switch was pressed inadvertently.
Reinitiate the test.

Check for presence of the write-enable ring at the supply tape reel. Install the ring
if not present.

Check for presence of EOT marker. Attach EOT marker.

Indicates that the tape was loaded when the test was initiated. Thread the tape,
but do not press the LOAD switch.

20-29

Mount a tape of known good quality.

All others

Run the basic operator diagnostic test 01 and report any fault code to Field
Service Personnel.

Also, during a load or read/write operation, if a fault occurs that cannot be corrected by the host
computer, and the transport takes itself off-line, the operator is informed of the fault by the fault code in
the two-digit display.

3-17

3.8.2.2 Basic Operator Diagnostic Test 01 - The basic operator diagnostic test 01 is used to check the
basic operating functions of the TU80 transport and to verify malfunctions when a fault code indicates
failure.
CAUTION
This test reads and writes on the tape. Therefore,
remove any mounted tape to save the data on it.
Replace it with a tape of known quality, reserved for
this purpose.
Perform the basic operator diagnostic test 01 by performing the following steps:
1.

Assure that the power switch is in the ON position, LOGIC ON switch is pressed to run the
built-in power-on health check (LOGIC ON indicator on).

Mount and thread the tape through the tape path and onto the take-up reel, but DO NOT
LOAD.

Close and latch the top cover.

Press the RESET switch.

Press the TEST switch.
DIAGNOSTICS indicator goes on.
Two-digit display indicates a 01.

Press the EXECUTE switch.
Test 01 starts with the two-digit display incrementing from 00 to 99. Make sure all segments of
the numerical display are functioning.
Make sure that all indicators except LOGIC OFF, BOT and SELECT are on.
Test 01 continues with various tape motion and read/write exercises for approximately ten
minutes (with a 2400 foot reel of tape).

If the test is successful, it runs to completion and performs a REWIND/UNLOAD operation.
The two-digit display indicates a 00, with the RESET indicator ON. Return the TU80 drive to
normal operation.

If the test is unsuccessful, the diagnostic programs halt (tape motion stops), and a numerical
fault code appears in the two-digit display (other than 00), with the RESET indicator on.
Record this number, perform the action in Table 3-7, then if the action did not correct the fault,
report the recorded display number to Field Service Personnel.

3-18

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VAX-11/730 Hardware
User's Guide
EK-1173-UG-003
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