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AA-Y660A-TK

April 1984

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Document:	PRO/GIDIS Manual
Order Number:	AA-Y660A-TK
Revision:	0
Pages:	110
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OCR Text

PRO/GIDIS Manual
Order No. AA-Y660A-TK
AD-Y660A-T1

April 1984

This document describes PRO/GIDIS, DIGITAL's General Image Display
instruction Set, as implemented for the Professional Developer's Tool Kit. It is
a user guide and reference manual for programmers developing graphics
applications for the Professional personal computers.

DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM:

Professional Host Tool Kit V2.0
PRO/Tool Kit V2.0

SOFTWARE VERSION:

PRO/GIDIS V2.0

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
Maynard, Massact,useJfs 01754

First Printing, December 1983
Updated, April 1984

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may
only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software or equipment
that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.
The specifications and drawings, herein, are the property of Digital Equipment
Corporation and shall not be reproduced or copied or used in whole or in part
as the basis for manufacture or sale of items without written permission.

Copyright © 1983, 1984 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
CTIBUS
DEC
DECmate
DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DECUS
DECwriter
DIBOL

~D~gDmD

MASSBUS
PDP
P/OS
PRO/BASIC
PRO/Communications
Professional
PRO/FMS
PRO/RMS
PROSE
PROSE PLUS

Rainbow
RSTS
RSX
Tool Kit
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

4/84·15

CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1. 2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
1.5.5
1.5.6
1.5.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.11.1
1.11.2
1.12
1.12.1
1.12.2
1.12.3
1.12.4
1.12.5
1.13
1.13.1
1.13.2
1.13.3
1.13.4
1.13.5
1.13.6
1.13.7
1.14
1.15
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2

iii

INTRODUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
OVERVIEW • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • 1-1
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER GRAPHICS TOOLS • • • • • • • 1-2
WHEN TO USE PRO/GIDIS
•••••••••
• • 1-2
WHEN NOT TO USE PRO/GIDIS • • • •
• • • • • 1-3
THE PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SET • • • • • • • • • • 1-4
CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • •
• 1-5
THE VIEWING TRANSFORMATION •
•••
• • 1-6
Aspect Ratios
•• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • 1-7
GIDIS Output Space • •
•••
• • • • • • 1-8
Imposed Device Space • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-10
The Viewport • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-11
Hardware Address Space • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-11
The Viewing Transformation • • • • • • • •
1-12
Addressing Pixels • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-13
DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-13
FILLED FIGURE INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • • • • • 1-14
TEXT INSTRUCTIONS
•••
••• • • •
1-15
COLOR ATTRIBUTES • • • • •
• • • • • • • 1-15
THE WRITING MODE • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • 1-16
LINE AND CURVE ATTRIBUTES
• • • • • • • • • • • 1-19
Line Texture • • • • • • • • • •
• • • 1-19
Pixel Size • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • 1-20
FILLED FIGURE ATTRIBUTES
• • • • • • • • • • 1-21
Area Texture • • • • •
• • • •
1-21
Area Texture Size
• • • • • •
1-22
Area Texture Cell Size • • • • • •
1-22
Shading to a Line or Point • • • • • • • • • • 1-22
Filled Figure Examples • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-23
TEXT ATTRIBUTES
• • • • • • ••
• • • • 1-25
Alphabets
• • • • • • • •
1-25
Cell Rendition •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-28
Cell Rotation
• ••
• • • • • • • • • • • 1-28
Cell Oblique • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • 1-29
Cell Unit Size
••••••••
1-29
Cell Display Size
• • • • • • • • • •
1-29
Cell Movement
• ••
••• • • • •
1-29
AREA OPERATIONS INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • •
1-32
REPORT HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • • • • 1-32
INTERACTING WITH THE PRO/GIDIS INTERPRETER
THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
•••
Write Special Data (IO.WSD)
Read Special Data (IO.RSD)
iii

.
.

. . . . 2-1
• • • • 2- 3
. . . . 2-4

2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.4

CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

CHAPTER 4,
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10

CHAPTER 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
Operation Codes
•• • • • • •
Parameter Blocks • • • . • • •
SAMPLE MACRO-II PROGRAM
••••
SAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM • • • • •

•••
• . .
• •
• • •
. • •

• • 2-6
• 2-6
2-7

• ••
4\1

<It

<Ill

•

2 ... 8

• • • • 2-9

CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
INITIALI ZE • • • • • •
••••.
. • • • . 3-1
NEW PICTURE
• • ••
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 3-6
END PICTURE
• • • • ••
• • • • • • . • • • . 3-7
FLUSH BUFFERS
•••
••••••
. 3-8
SET OUTPUT CURSOR
• • • • • • • • • • •.
3-8
SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
.••••
•••
3-10
SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND • • . . • • .
3-11
NOP

•

END LIST .

•

• • • • ••

•

••

•

Ii)

•

3 -13

..••.••••

3-13

VIEWING TRANSFORMATION INSTRUCTIONS
SET OUTPUT IDS • . • • •
•••••
••••
SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
SET GrDIS OUTPUT SPACE
•••.•••..•..•
SET OUTPUT CLIPPING REGION • • . • • • • • • • • •

4-1
4-3
4-4
4-6

GLOBAL ATTRIBUTES INSTRUCTIONS
SET PRIMARY COLOR
SET SECONDARY COLOR
SET-COLOR MAP-ENTRY
SET-PLANE-MASK
•••••••••••
SET WRITING MODE
SET PIXEL SIZE • • • • •
SET LINE TEXTURE • • • • • • • •
SET AREA TEXTURE •
SET AREA TEXTURE SIZE
e
•
,.
•
SET AREA CELL SIZE
'"

til

ell

II!l

.....

1\1

•

...

• • •

•

til

CIl

•

...

.
0

5-1
5-2
• 5-3

••

0»

. 5-4
• • • 5-7
. • • 5-7
• • • • • 5-9
5-10
• • • •
5-11
5-12

til

•

DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS
SET POSITION • •
SET REL POSITION
DRAW LINES • • •
DRAW REL LINES
DRA~il ARCS
.
DRAW REL ARCS

• • . • • • • • .•
•••••
• • • • • • . • • • . • • . • • •
• .
.
•••••••••••.••••
••
• •••••.•••...
• • • . . • • • • • • • • •

6-1
6-2
6- 3
6-5
6-7
6-9

CHAPTER 7

7.1
7.2
CHAPTER 53
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
CHAPTER 9
9.1
9.2
9.3
CHAPTER 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
APPENDIX A
A.l
A.2
A.3
A.4
APPENDIX B

FILLED FIGURE INSTRUCTIONS
BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
END FILLED FIGURE

• • • 7-1
• • 7-2

TEXT INSTRUCTIONS
SET ALPHABET
• • • ••
• • • • • 8-2
CREATE ALPHABET
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8-3
LOAD CHARACTER CELL
• • • • • • • • • • ••
• 8-4
BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER •
• • • • • • • • • . • 8-5
END
INE CHARACTER • • • • • • • • • • •
• • 8-7
LOAD BY NAME • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8-9
SET CELL RENDITION
• • • • ••
• • • • 8-10
SET CELL ROTATION
• • • • • •
• • • 8-11
"SET CELL OBLIQUE •
• • • • • • . • • 8-12
SET-CELL-UNIT SIZE
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8-13
SET-CELL-DISPLAY SIZE
• • • • • • • • • • • 8-14
SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE • • • • • • • • • • •
8-15
SET-CELL-EXPLICIT-MOVEMENT
••••••
8-15
DRAW CHARACTERS
••••
• • • • • • • • 8-16
DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS • • •
• • • • • • • • 8-18
AREA OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS
ERASE CLIPPING REGION
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9-1
PRINT SCREEN • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • 9-2
SCROLL CLIPPING REGION
. • • • • • • • • • • 9-3
REPORT HANDLING
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
•••••••
REQUEST STATUS
.•••••
• • • •
REQUEST=CELL_STANDARD
• • • . • • • • • • •
REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE
•••••••
•••
REQUEST-VERSION_NUMBER •
.••••••••.

10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES
INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
REPORT TAGS

• A-I
GROUPED BY FUNCTION
• A-2
IN OPCODE ORDER • • • • • • • •
• • A-4
IN ALPHABETIC ORDER • • • • •
A-6
••.• • • • • • • • • • . • • •

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

APPENDIX C

ALPHABET DATA STRUCTURE

APPENDIX D

GLOSSARY

INDEX
EXAMPLES
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
2-1
2-2

Context for Filled Figure Examples
1-23
A Filled Fi.gure Using DRAW LINES
•••
1-24
A Filled Figure Using DRAW-ARCS
•••
1-24
A Filled Figure Using DRAW ARCS
1-24
A Filled Figure Using DRAW REL ARCS
• • • • • • 1-24
A Filled Figure Using DRAW_REL_ARCS
1-25
A Filled Figure Using DRAW LINES • •
1-25
A Filled Figure Using DRAW LINES • • • . • • • • 1-25
Instruction with Fixed-Length Parameter Block
2-7
Instruction with Variable-Length Parameter Block • 2-7

1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
2-1
3-1
3-2
8-1
8-2

PRO/GIDIS Sample Output
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-1
PRO/GIDISInterface, Programs/Video Hardware
• 1-3
Isotropic Mapping: Window to Viewport
• ••
. 1-9
Isotropic Mapping: IDS to HAS
• . • • • 1-10
Video Hardware Address Space • • • • • • • • • • 1-11
The Viewing Transformation • •
• . • • • 1-12
The Extended Bitmap Option • . • • • • • • .
1-15
The Writing Modes Shown with Line Texture
• • • 1-17
The Logical Drawing Pixel
• • • • • • . • • • • 1-21
Filled Figure Images • • • •
. • . . • • • • 1-23
Alphabet 0 • • • • • • • • •
.••
. • • 1-26
Character Cell Rotation
• • • . • • • • • • 1-27
Character unit Cell and Display Cell
1-28
Character Cell Movement
•• • • •.
• • • • 1-30
PRO/GIDIS Data Path
• • • • • • ••
• • • • • 2-2
INITIALIZE Subsystem Initialization Bit Mask • • • 3-2
SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask
.•••
3-11
End-Define-Character • • • •
••••
• • • 8-9
SET-CELL RENDITION Bit Mask
• • • • 8-11

3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4

Control Instructions Summary Chart •
• . • • • 3-1
Initialization Subsystems
•••
. • • • • 3-2
Initialization Variable States • • • • • •
• • 3-3
Types of Rubber Bands
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 3-12

FIGURES

TABLES

4-1
4-2
4-3
5-1
5-2
5-3
6-1
7-1
8-1
8-2
9-1
10-1

Viewing Transformation Instructions Summary Chart 4-1
State Variables Affected by SET OUTPUT IDS
• • • 4-2
State Variables Affected by SET-GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE 4-5
Global Attribute Instructions Summary-Chart • 5-1
Color Map Values for the Professional
•••
• 5-4
plane Mask Values
•• • • • • • • .
• 5-5
Drawing Instructions Summary Chart •
• • • • • 6-1
Filled Figure Summary Chart
• • • • • 7-1
Text Instructions Summary Chart
. • • 8-1
Cell Rotation Angles • • . • • •
8-12
Area Operations Summary Chart
. • • . • • • • • • 9-1
Report Handling Summary Chart
. . • • • • • 10-1

Vll

PREFACE
WHO SHOULD READ THIS MANUAL
You should read this manual if you are developing a graphics
application for the Professional 300 Series computer and need
information about
PRO/GIOIS,
the
General
Image
Display
Instruction
Set
that
runs on the Professional computer.
PRO/GIOIS is one of the tools that can be used in developing
graphics applications for the Professional computer.
This document is intended for programmers who have had experience
with systems programming and graphics applications software. The
reader also is expected to be familiar with the Professional 300
Series Tool Kit, and either MACRO-II or FORTRAN.
It is recommended that you also read the CORE Graphics Library
(CGL)
Manual for a more tutorial approach to graphics software
development on the Professional computer.
SCOPE OF MANUAL
This manual describes PRO/GIOIS and is intended to be used as
both a reference manual and user guide.
It covers applications
running on the Professional and also provides
programming
information
about
device-independent
text
and
graphics
progra~~ing with PRO/GIOIS.
ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL
The manual has ten chapters and three appendixes.
are summarized in the following subsections.

The

contents

Chapter 1 -- Introduction to PRO/GIOIS
This chapter is the "user guide" for PRO/GIOIS. It provides an
overview of PRO/GIOIS and its relationship to other graphics
products, suggests when PRO/GIOIS should and should not be used,
summarizes the PRO/GIOIS instruction groups, and discusses each
group in detail.
Chapter 2 -- Interacting with the PRO/GIOIS Interpreter
Describes the software interface to PRO/GIOIS.
It describes the
Queue I/O (QIO)
directives that send instructions to PRO/GIOIS
and return GIOIS reports,
and provides PRO/GIOIS programming
syntax rules and programming examples.

PREFACE
Chapter 3 -- Control Instructions
Details the PRO/GIDIS instructions
for
program
start-up,
initialization, along with syntax-required instructions.
Chapter 4 -- Viewing Transformation Instructions
Describes the instructions used for mapping graphics addressable
image areas to hardware output devices and the concepts involved
in area transformation.
Chapter 5 -- Global Attributes Instructions
Details the global parameters that govern the appearance of
drawing primitives (writing modes, line characteristics, pixel
size, area texture, and primary/secondary color).
Chapter 6 -- Drawing Instructions
Describes the instructions used for drawing lines and curves.
Chapter 7 -- Filled Figures Instructions
Details those PRO/GIDIS instructions
closed figures.

that

provide

shading

for

Chapter 8 -- Text Instructions
Describes the
instructions
that
control
text
subsystem
characteristics
(current
alphabet, character selection for
display, unit and display sizes, cell rotation and rendition, and
so forth).
Chapter 9 -- Area Operation Instructions
Details those instructions that affect the display area and the
instruction for dumping screen contents to the Professional's
printing device.
Chapter 10 -- Report Handling
Describes report handling instructions
information from the output device.

that

return

state

Appendix A -- Instruction Summary
Lists the PRO/GIDIS instructions, their opcodes, argument list
lengths, and associated parameters. Also features an instruction
list sorted into opcode order.

PREFACE
Appendix B -- DEC Multinational Character Set
Shows the code table for the Professional's alphabet 0,
Multinational Character Set.
Appendix C

Alphabet Data Structure

Appendix D

Glossary

the

DEC

RELATED DOCUMENTATION

Please refer to the other manuals in the Tool Kit Documentation
Set for more information on developing applications for the
Professional.

THE PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SET

" Filled Figure Instructions
These instructions draw solid
areas.

figures

alphabets

and

shading

specific

draw

graphics

• Text Instructions
These instructions
character text.

control

" Area Operation Instructions
These instruction perform operations such
printing on specific areas.
•

and

return

specific

the

operation

CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

These are the instructions that
PRO/GIDIS interpreter.
II

scrolling

Report Instructions
These instructions cause PRO/GIDIS
information about the current state.

1.4

control

the

INITIALIZE
The INITIALIZE instruction restores power-on status to one or
more graphics subsystems (addressing, global attributes,
text, or all subsystems).

•

NEW PICTURE
The NEW PICTURE instruction c a r s
indicate-the start of a new picture.

•

the

view

group

END PICTURE
The END PICTURE instruction indicates the end of a
picture-drawing instructions.

surface

FLUSH BUFFERS
The FLUSH BUFFERS instruction forces the execution of pending
PRO/GIDIS-instructions.

1-5

CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
•

SET OUTPUT CURSOR
The SET OUTPUT CURSOR instruction specifies the particular
character or -object to be used as the output cursor (a
visible object used to mark the current screen output
location) •

•

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
The SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION instruction specifies whether
the cursor blinks or is continuous.

•

SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND
The SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND instruction specifies if a rubber
band is to be-generated along with the cursor, and where the
base of the rubber band is.

•

NOP
The NOP
nothing.

•

instruction

performs

operation

changes

variable-

END LIST
The END LIST instruction indicates the
length argument list.

1.5

and

end

THE VIEWING TRANSFORMATION

The graphical world is two-dimensional;
we visualize it as a
plane. The Cartesian coordinate system provides a convenient way
of describing a plane. A coordinate pair specifies a discrete
point in the form:

X,Y
where X is the horizontal axis and Y is the vertical axis.
The finite area of a plane that can be specified by coordinate
pairs is called an address space. The origin of an address space
is (0,0). Coordinate values increase in magnitude to the right
and downward.

1-6

THE VIEWING TRANSFORMATION
PROjGIDIS deals with three address spaces:

•

GIDIS Output Space (GOS)
GIDIS Output Space is the address
GIDIS drawing instructions.

•

space

referenced

the

Imposed Device Space (IDS)
Imposed Device Space is the user-defined address space that
provides a device-independent means of describing the view
surface.

1-6.1

THE VIEWING TRANSFORMATION
In effect, you change window parameters in order to "view" a
different portion and/or scaling of Gidis Output Space. You
change viewport parameters in order to "view" the same portion of
GOS in a different portion of the view surface.
Viewing transformation parameters only
affect
subsequently
received GIDIS instructions.
Changing the parameters does not
affect images already visible on the view surface. In order to
do that, you must change the mapping parameters and redraw the
image.

1.5.7

Addressing Pixels

Some applications, such as a natural image display, must address
individual pixels directly. To accomplish this, set IDS space to
width 1920 and height 1200. The picture aspect ratio is 8:5, a
ratio that maps to the entire screen. Pixel X (from the left) on
row Y is IDS coordinate [X*2, Y*5].
There is a pixel at every X coordinate divisible by two and Y
coordinate divisible by five. For example, [100,20], [22,15],
and
[78,505]
all map
directly
to
a
pixel.
PRO/GrDIS
automatically truncates coordinates that map partway between
pixels. For example, [101,23], [23,16], and [78,509] map to the
same pixels as the first list of coordinates.
NOTE
An IDS of 960 by 240 does not accomplish the same
thing.
It would have a picture aspect ratio of
4:1 (the unit aspect ratio is 1:1) which would
not match the picture aspect ratio of HAS (8:5).

1.6

DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS

Part of the PRO/GIDIS state is a coordinate pair called the
current position that corresponds to the current drawing location
in GIDIS Output Space. The visual representation of the current
position is the cursor. Thus, some of these instructions do not
draw anything; they simply change the current position.

1-13

DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS
•

SET POSITION
The SET POSITION instruction specifies the new
current
position as an absolute location in GIDIS Output Space.

•

SET REL POSITION
The SET REL POSITION instruction specifies the new current
position as a point relative to (an offset from) the old
current position.

•

DRAW LINES
The DRAW LINES instruction draws one or more
starting at the current position.

•

straight

lines

DRAW REL LINES
Draws one or more straight lines starting at the current
position.
Coordinates specified are relative to the current
position or the previous point.

•

DRAW ARCS
Draws a section of a circle using the current position
reference.

•

DRAW REL ARCS
Draws a section of a circle using an offset from the
position as a reference.

1.7

current

FILLED FIGURE INSTRUCTIONS

A filled-figure is a closed, shaded figure that can be bordered
by either straight lines, circular arcs, or any combination of
these. The instructions that begin and end filled figures are:
•

BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
The BEGIN FILLED FIGURE instruction starts
definition.

•

filled

figure

END FILLED FIGURE
The END FILLED FIGURE instruction ends a filled
figure
definition and causes the entire figure to be filled in with
the current area texture.

1-14

THE WRITING MODE
modes, we will call the "current pattern." The exact way in which
PRO/GIDIS uses the current pattern to create images depends on
the writing mode and the primary and secondary colors.
Figure 1-8 shows the same line texture (which includes ON and OFF
pixels)
drawn over light and dark areas in all visible writing
modes.

Transpa.rent.
Transparent.

Erase Ne at.e

Figure 1-8:

The writing Modes Shown with Line Texture

The writing modes are:
•

TRANSPARENT
In transparent mode, no actual drawing is done.
Otherwise,
all other drawing processes are exercised and the state
information (particularly, the current position) is updated.
The texture is ignored. Transparent mode for determining the
current position after drawing without actually drawing the
image.

•

TRANSPARENT NEGATE
This mode is identical to transparent mode.

•

COMPLEMENT
In complement mode, wherever the current pattern contains set
(1) bits, PRO/GIDIS performs a bitwise inversion of the pixel

1-17

THE WRITING MODE
value (color index).
For example,
a pixel containing 101
(color map entry 5)
changes to 010 (color map entry 2).
Wherever the current pattern contains clear (0)
bits, no
modifications are made.
The purpose of complement mode is to make images "stand out"
from whatever has already been drawn.
If the appropriate
color map entries contain complementary colors, the image in
the display area is effectively reversed. The original image
can be restored by repeating the process.
Complement mode is likely to produce seams when filled
figures overlap. Since filled figures include their borders,
areas with a common border are considered to overlap.
•

COMPLEMENT NEGATE
Complement negate mode is identical to complement mode except
that PRO/GIDIS negates the current pattern. Wherever the
current pattern contains clear (0) bits, PRO/GIDIS performs a
bitwise inversion of the pixel value (color index). Wherever
the current pattern contains set (1) bits,
no modifications
are made.

•

OVERLAY
In overlay mode, wherever the current pattern contains set
(1)
bits, PRO/GIDIS draws in the current primary color.
bits,
no
Wherever the current pattern contains clear (0)
drawing occurs.
The purpose of overlay mode is to draw images
whatever is already on the view surface.

•

"on

top

of"

OVERLAY NEGATE
Overlay negate mode is identical to overlay mode except that
PRO/GIDIS negates the current pattern. Wherever the current
pattern contains clear (0)
bits, PRO/GIDIS draws in the
current primary color. Wherever the current pattern contains
set (1) bits, no drawing occurs.

•

REPLACE
In replace mode, wherever the current pattern contains set
(1) bits, PRO/GIDIS draws in the primary color. Wherever the
current pattern contains clear (0) bits, PRO/GIDIS draws in
the secondary color.
The purpose of replace mode is to draw images that completely
replace whatever is already on the view surface.
1-18

FILLED FIGURE ATTRIBUTES
.BYTE
• WORD
• BYTE
.BYTE
• WORD
. BYTE
• WORD
. BYTE

6000.,3800.,180 •
3.,23 •
6000.,5532. ,-60 •
0.,32 .

• BYTE
. WORD
.BYTE
• BYTE
. WORD
• WORD
. WORD
. WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• BYTE

= 3, opcode = DRAW REL ARCS

length = 0, opcode

= END FILLED FIGURE

A Filled Figure Using DRAW_REL_ARCS
length = 2, opcode

2.,29.

0.,32 •

= SET POSITION

length = 0, opcode - BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
length = 8, opcode - DRAW LINES

0.,31-

8.,25.
1890.,3770 •
890.,1770 •
1890.,1770 •
890.,3770 .
i

length

= 0, opcode = END FILLED FIGURE

A Filled Figure Using DRAW_LINES
length

2. ,29 •

3090.,3770 •
0.,31-

255.,25 •
3590.,2270 •
4090.,3770 .
2790.,2870 •
4290.,2870 .
3090.,3770 •
-32768 .
0.,32 .

Example 1-8:

1.13

length

890.,3770 .

Example 1-7:

= SET POSITION

length = 0, opcode - BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
length = 3, opcode - DRAW REL ARCS

3.,23.

Example 1-6:
.BYTE
. WORD
.BYTE
.BYTE
. WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
. BYTE

length = 2, opcode

2. ,29.
7000.,3790 •
0.,31 •

= 2, opcode = SET POSITION

length = 0, opcode - BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
END LIST terminated, opcodi = DRAW LINES

; length

= 0, opcode = END FILLED FIGURE

A Filled Figure Using DRAW LINES

TEXT ATTRIBUTES

The following sections describe the PRO/GIDIS
that determine the appearance of text.

1.13.1

state

variables

Alphabets

The SET ALPHABET instruction specifies the current alphabet,
which Is used when drawing characters, defining a new character,
or erasing an existing alphabet in preparation for establishing a
new alphabet. PRO/GIDIS supports up to 16 alphabets.
1-25

TEXT ATTRIBUTES
Each alphabet is a list of characters. Alphabet 0 is the DEC
Multinational Character Set (shown in Figure 1-11) and cannot be
modified.
Alphabets 1 through 15 can contain user-defined
characters,
which are represented as a two-dimensional raster
(bit pattern) with a specific storage size (width and height) •

••
••

P
A Q a
B R b

•

II II
II II q:
•
•
# 3 esc: s II II <£
•
•
$
4 D T d t- • II 7'
Il III % 5 E U e u • • ¥
• • S , I S F V f ' v II II 7'
It 11 '" 7 G W 9 IN 111 II $
II If ( 8 H X h )<: • • ):(
• II ) 9 I Y 1 ~ II II @
• II '* = J Z j 2 • • a
Ii • + ; 1< C k < Ii • «

mil" 2

•

••
m

II 11 /

Figure 1-11:

M
N

:::I

II II
Ii II
II II iii

-:::

J-

......

•

7'
7'
7'
7'

Pi
A

a 7'
a n

7'
J..!
~

C
7'

•

6
Q

!4 I
~

7'
.L.

Alphabet 0

Characters within alphabets are referenced as a tuple
(alphabet,
character index). A character index is a value corresponding to
the character's position in the alphabet.
The first
character
has a
character index of zero.
Thus,
an alphabet with 26
characters would have
index numbers
in the range 0 to 25.
Character indexes are unsigned, 16-bit integers.
You can create a new alphabet of user-defined characters
ways:
1.

two

Created Alphabets
•

Use the SET ALPHABET instruction to specify
alphabet.

•

Use the CREATE ALPHABET instruction to clear any existing
characters and to allocate storage for the new alphabet.
No
character
definition
can
take
place
until
CREATE ALPHABET executes.

1-26

the

current

TEXT ATTRIBUTES
•

Use the LOAD CHARACTER CELL instruction to add characters
to the alphabet.
Or use BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER and
END DEFINE CHARACTER instructions.

Loaded Alphabets
•

Create a named region using
Manual, Plos Directives).

•

Use SET ALPHABET

•

Use LOAD BY NAME

PloS facilities (see Tool Kit

For example (format described in Chapter 2):

= SET ALPHABET

.BYTE
• WORD

1.,38.
1•

ilength = 2, opcode

.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD

4.,46.
8•
10 •
96 •

ilength = 4, opcode = CREATE ALPHABET
iwidth (storage pixels)
iheight (storage pixels)
iextent
iwidth-type

These instructions erase alphabet 1 and create a new alphabet of
96 characters (numbered 0 through 95) with a storage size of 8 by
10. The width-type parameter must be a for PROIGIDIS on plos
2. a .

Figure 1-12:

Character Cell Rotation
1-27

TEXT ATTRIBUTES
1.13.2

Cell Rendition

The SET CELL RENDITION instruction specifies
variations
on
characters
that can be performed without selecting a new
alphabet, yet are not related to writing colors or writing modes.
The renditions defined for the Professional are backslant and
italics.

1.13.3

Cell Rotation

The SET CELL ROTATION instruction specifies the angle at which
characters are to be drawn, as shown in Figure 1-12. Actual
rotation is the nearest possible angle to that requested.

Displald SIze

LARGER THAN
UnIt SIze
~-

- - -

IEk~_ _ _~..JGIt D I sp 1 aid

I"'"

~ SIze

UnIt

S Izera
1E'r------9I
r

---

- - .,....--;-..-

Displald SIze

SMALLER THAN
UnIt SIze

Displald
SIze

Figure 1-13:

Character Unit Cell and Display Cell
1-28

TEXT ATTRIBUTES

The SET CELL OBLIQUE instruction specifies the angle between the
width and the height of the display cell for a non-rotated
character.
When the angle is non-zero,
display cells are
parallelograms, rather than rectangles.

The SET CELL UNIT SIZE instruction specifies the actual size of
the character pattern.
Although you specify cell unit size in
GIDIS Output Space coordinates,
that
size
is
only
an
approximation.
PRO/GIDIS actually uses the largest integral
multiple of the character pattern that is less than or equal to
the specified size.

1.13.6

Cell Display Size

The SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE instruction specifies the size in GIDIS
Output Space coordinates of the rectangle that contains the
character pattern.
The unit cell and the display cell always are aligned at their
upper left corners (see Figure 1-13).
If the unit cell is larger
than display cell, only a portion of the character is shown.
If
the unit cell is smaller than the display cell, PRO/GIDIS draws
the unused portion of the display cell as
if the pattern
specified clear bits.

Cell movement attributes specify how the current position changes
after each character is drawn. The SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE and
the
SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT
instructions- specify
these
attributes.

1.13.7.1 Movement mode - There are two ways to specify
movement:
implied and explicit, as shown in Figure 1-14.
•

cell

Implied movement means that the current position moves a
distance equal to the display cell width in the direction of
the cell rotation.
If the display cell width value
is
negative,
the current position moves
in the direction
opposite to the cell rotation.
1-29

TEXT ATTRIBUTES

Impl1ed Movement

( E:..:p 1 i c i t Movement
i s zero)

Imp 11 ed Plus E:x:p 11 c1t

( E:><:p 1 i c i t Movement
i s not zero)

Figure 1-14:

Character Cell Movement
1-30

TEXT ATTRIBUTES
•

Explicit movement means that the current position moves as
specified by your program in GIDIS Output Space coordinates.
Explicit movement is not affected by the cell rotation.

Implied movement can be disabled;
explicit movement cannot.
Thus,
if implied movement is enabled, the cell movement is equal
to the sum of the implied and explicit movements.
PRO/GIDIS always draws characters in local symmetry. This means
that characters with the same unit and display sizes always cover
the same number of pixels.
Cell movement can exhibit either local or global symmetry.
When
local symmetry is enabled (the default), all cell movements will
be the same number of physical pixels.
This means that all
spaces will look the same on the screen but the "hard" position
and the "soft" position can drift apart. Global symmetry keeps
the "soft" position and the "hard" position together but allows I
pixel wide gaps between every few characters.
(The "soft"
position is calculated in GOS coordinates and the "hard" position
in physical pixels.)

1.14

AREA OPERATIONS INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions perform operations on
viewing transformation instructions.
•

defined

the

ERASE CLIPPING REGION
Changes entire output clipping region
color.

•

areas

current

secondary

PRINT SCREEN
Prints a portion of the bitmap at the
the printer port.

•

printer

connected

SCROLL CLIPPING REGION
Moves the data within the output clipping region.

1.15

REPORT HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS

Report handling instructions return information about the current
PRO/GIDIS state as well as success/failure reports for the
immediately preceding PRO/GIDIS instructions.

1-31

REPORT HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS
The report path from the PRO/GIDIS interpreter to your program
can be viewed as a data stream.
It is possible to queue several
pending reports.
(P/OS 2.0 imposes a buffer limit of 18 words.)
Your program sends a
request
instruction to the
interpreter,
which creates a
report and puts it in the queue.
Your program
then reads the report queue (with a Read Special Data QIO system
directive)
in the order in which the requests are made.
For an
example of a report-reading routine, refer to Chapter 2.
A report is a variable length block of words.
The first word is
a
tag specifying the type of report and the number of words in
the report.
Your program must keep in synchronization with the
report queue so that
it is not reading a data word and
interpreting it as a tag word.
Your program also can set up an asynchronous system trap (AST) to
be executed when a report is placed in the report queue.
The following instructions request reports:

PRO/GIDIS reports the X and
position.

PRO/GIDIS returns a success or
instruction executed.

coordinates

failure

code

the

for

current

the

last

PRO/GIDIS returns the standard character parameters
(unit
width,
unit height,
display cell width, and display cell
height) for the current alphabet at the current rotation
angle.
•

REQUEST_OUTPUT SIZE
Reports the parameters of the size, shape and
the video hardware used.

Reports the version number of GIDIS.

1-32

resolution

PRO/GIOIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
In PASCAL, this could be:
CONST
INITIALIZE = Ii
SET PRIMARY COLOR = 21;

2.2.2

Parameter Blocks

Most PRO/GrOIS instructions
parameters.
For
example,
parameters.

require a specific
SET POSITION needs

number
exactly

of
two

Some PRO/GIOIS instructions accept a
variable
number
of
parameters.
The instructions in this category are DRAW LINES,
DRAW REL LINES,
DRAW ARCS,
DRAW REL ARCS,
DRAW_CHARACTERS,
DRAW-PACKED_CHARACTERS~ and LOAD CHARACTER CELL.
A length value in the range 0 to 254 indicates a fixed-length
parameter block.
For example, if you specify a length value of
two, PRO/GIDIS expects two parameter words as shown in example
2-1.
.BYTE

2.,29.

• WORD
• WORD

100 •
350 •

Example 2-1:

jInstruction data block length = 2
;Opcode for SET POSITION instruction = 29
;Horizontal coordinate for current pOSe
;Vertical coordinate for current pOSe
iFollowing execution of this instruction,
~the current position is 100,550.

Instruction with Fixed-Length Parameter Block

A length value of 255 indicates that the parameter block contains
a variable number of parameter words terminated by an END LIST
instruction word (-32768), as shown in example 2-2. Thus,
in a
variable-length parameter block, a parameter word cannot contain
the value -32768.
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
• WORD
.WORD
Example 2-2:

255.,26.:END-LIST-term.,opcode=DRAW_REL LINES
10.

-30.

idxl
idyl

20.

jdx2

+60.

idy2

-32768. iEND_LIST instruction opcode word
Instruction with Variable-Length Parameter Block

Either type of parameter block can be used with any instruction.
This technique permits the PRO/GIOIS interpreter to handle
erroneous or unsupported opcodes without aborting the program or
2-7

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
misinterpreting subsequent opcodes.
If the interpreter does not
recognize an instruction, that instruction and any data following
are
ignored.
After counting and discarding the erroneous
instruction's data, PRO/GIDIS proceeds to the next sequential
instruction.
NOTE
PRO/GIDIS on p/OS VI.7 sets the status flag
to
SUCCESS
when
it
fails
to
recognize
an
instruction. Version 2.0 and future versions set
the status flag to FAILURE in this case and when
not enough parameters are given.
An instruction with insufficient parameters is not executed at
all.
An instruction with extra parameters is executed as though
the extra arguments do not exist;
the extra parameters are
skipped and not interpreted as new instructions. For example, a
SET POSITION instruction with only one argument is ignored, while
a SET POSITION with three arguments uses the first two arguments
and discards the third.

2.3

SAMPLE MACRO-II PROGRAM

IOSB:
OBUF:
RBUF:

.BLKW
.BYTE
.BLKW

2•
0.,55.
3•

;Length=O REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

;SEND INSTRUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
QIOW$S #IO.WSD,#5,#I,,#IOSB,,<#OBUF,#2,,#SD.GDS)
ERROR
; DIRECTIVE FAILED
BCS
TSTB
IOSB
;OPERATION FAILED
ERROR
BLE
;READ THE REPORT
QIOW$S #IO.RSD,#5,#I,,#IOSB,,<#RBUF,#6,,#SD.GDS)
ERROR
;BRANCH IF DIRECTIVE FAILED
BCS
IOSB
TSTB
;BRANCH IF OPERATION FAILED
ERROR
BLE
NEW CONTENTS OF RBUF:
BYTE AT RBUF
2.
(LENGTH)
BYTE AT RBUF+I
1.
(CURRENT POSITION REPORT TAG)
RBUF+2:
CURRENT X POSITION
RBUF+4:
CURRENT Y POSITION
ERROR:

Error handling routine

2-8

CHAPTER 3
CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter contains a detailed description of each control
instruction.
Table 3-1 lists the instructions covered in the
chapter.
Table 3-1:

Control Instructions Summary Chart

Opcode/Length

Instruction/Arguments

1/1

INITIALIZE

6/0

NEW PICTURE

24/0

END PICTURE

28/0

FLUSH BUFFERS

5/6

SET OUTPUT CURSOR alphabet, index,
width, height, offset_x, offset_y

72/1

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask

53/3

SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND

0/0

NOP

128/0

END LIST

3.1

subsystem-mask-value

INITIALIZE

The initialize instruction restores PRO/GIDIS characteristics to
their power-on default states. Specifically, this instruction
sets up PRO/GIDIS device subsystem characteristics such as the
3-1

INITIALIZE
color map,
the primary color,
writing modes, and so forth.
Opcode: 1

secondary

color,

addressing,

Length: 1

Format: INITIALIZE subsystem-mask-value
subsystem-mask-value is a word that specifies a set of graphics
subsystems as shown in Figure 3-1.
Status: SUCCESS
The INITIALIZE instruction represents device subsystems
by
specific bits in a mask value passed to PRO/GIDIS with the
instruction. For example, a parameter value of 4
(bit 2 set)
restores a device's text subsystem's power-on default conditions.
The initialize instruction mask bit settings for the various
subsystems are shown in Figure 3-1.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

I
1--- Addressing

+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--t--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

I--- Global Attributes
----- Text
----- (reserved)
------Color Map
-------Alphabet storage
I-------(reserved)
-------(reserved)
-------Cursor
(Bits 8-15 are reserved)
Figure 3-1:

INITIALIZE Subsystem Initialization Bit Mask

The PRO/GIDIS subsystems that can be selected for
are listed in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2:

initialization

Initialization Subsystems

Subsystem

Description

Bit

-----------~------------------------------------------ -----------

Addressing

Resets the viewing transformation

Global
Attributes

Reinitializes writing mode, primary
color, secondary color, line and area
texture, planes selected, and pixel size

3-2

INITIALIZE
Text

Resets the current alphabet, unit size,
display size, cell rotation, cell
rendition, implicit cell movement flag,
and explicit cell movement

Color map

Reinitializes the color map

Alphabet

Clears all user-defined alphabets

Cursor

Resets the output cursor and output
rubber band

Notes:
•

You can OR (logical inclusive) mask values together
initialize multiple subsystems in one instruction.

•

A mask of -1 decimal (177777
all subsystems.

•

The order of initialization is:
(1) addressing,
(2) global
attributes,
(3)
text,
(4) color map, (5) alphabet storage,
and (6) cursor.

•

Regardless of the mask word, the INITIALIZE instruction
aborts any blocks begun with BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE.

•

Table 3-3 lists all of the state variables affected and their
values after initialization.

•

Some state variables are included in more than one subsystem.

octal)

explicitly

initializes

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
Table 3-3:

1. ,1 •
1.12.14 •

ilength=l,opcode for INITIALIZE
iaddressing, global attributes,
iand text subsystems mask bits

Initialization Variable States
Reset State

variable

---------------------------------------------------------------Addressing Subsystem
default ids width (960)
default ids height (600)

output ids width
output ids height

3-3

INITIALIZE
output
output
output
output

viewport
viewport
viewport
viewport

gidis
gidis
gidis
gidis

output
output
output
output

clipping x origin
clipping y origin
clipping width
clipping height

x origin
y origin
width
height

0
0
default ids width (960)
default ids height (600)

space x origin
space y origin
space width
space height

0
0
default ids width (960)
default ids height (600)
0
0
default ids width (960)
default ids height (600)

current position x
current position y

0
0

line texture size

line texture length

area texture width
area texture height

standard unit width
standard unit height

logical
logical
logical
logical

o (1 hardware pixel)
o (1 hardware pixel)
o
o

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

width
height
x offset
y offset

implied movement

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

cell
cell
cell
cell

standard
standard
standard
standard

display size width
display size height
unit size width
unit size height

* converted to new GOS coordinates

3-4

display width
display height
unit width
unit height

SET OUTPUT CURSOR
Opcode: 5

Length: 6

Format: SET OUTPUT CURSOR alphabet, index,
width, height,
offset-x, offset-y
alphabet

specifies the alphabet containing the
the special cursors indicator (-1).

character

index

specifies the character or special cursor.

width

specifies the width of the cursor in GIDIS Output
Space coordinates (greater than or equal to zero).

height

specifies the height of the cursor in GIDIS Output
Space coordinates (greater than or equal to zero).

offset-x

specifies the X offset from the top left corner of
the cursor to the current position (range 0 to
width) •

offset-y

specifies the Y offset from the top left corner of
the cursor to the current position (range 0 to
height) •

Status: SUCCESS if the requested character (alphabet,
index)
is
defined,
and width and height and coordinates are in
range; otherwise FAILURE.
Notes:
•

The width and height (in PRO/GIDIS Output Space) are treated
there is no equivalent of a display
as a unit cell size;
cell. When width and height are adjusted automatically to an
integral multiple of the storage size of the character, the x
and y offsets are adjusted by the same ratio.
An alphabet code of -1 specifies that one of the special
For P/OS 2.0 these cursors
built-in cursors
is to be used.
are:
-1

o
1
2
3

No cursor
Implementation default (same as 1)
Tracking Cross (small cross)
Crosshairs (full screen width and height)
Block (solid rectangle)

User-specified width and height are ignored when the tracking
cross or crosshairs are used. All other values are reserved.

3-9

SET OUTPUT CURSOR
•

If the chosen cursor is not predefined (either a special
cursor or a character in alphabet 0, your program must first
define the character and then execute a SET OUTPUT CURSOR
instruction.
If the character is redefined after the
SET OUTPUT CURSOR, the appearance of the cursor is unchanged
untTl another SET OUTPUT CURSOR executes.

•

SET OUTPUT_CURSOR changes only the graphics mode cursor.
However,
turning on or off the VTI02 emulator cursor has the
side effect of turning on or off the graphics cursor.

•

Once the
SET OUTPUT CURSOR
instruction
executes,
appearance of the cursor changes immediately.

the

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

6.,5 •

• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
. WORD

30 •
30 •
15 .

• BYTE
• WORD
.WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD

6. ,5 •

ilength=6,opcode for SET OUTPUT CURSOR
iAlphabet 1 (user-defined alphabet)
iCharacter index value
i(Assume that Alphabet 1, character-index
;2, is defined as an arrow pointing
;straight upward
iWidth of 30
iHeight of 30
:x offset
iY offset
;The arrow is the new cursor with the tip
being at the current position.

1•
2•

O•

Example:

3.6

ilength=6,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
;PRO/GIDIS Cursor Alphabet
iNo cursor
iwidth value of zero (ignored)
(ignored)
iHeight value of zero
iX offset (ignored)
iY offset (ignored)

-1 •

-1O•
O•

3•
4•

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION

The SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
cursor blinks or is continuous.

instruction

3-10

determines

the

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
Opcode: 72

Length: 1

Format: SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask
mask

is a word that specifies whether the cursor should
blink or be continuous as shown in Figure 3-2.

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

1 blinking

o continuous
I
I -- (Reserved)

Figure 3-2:

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask

Status: SUCCESS
Example:

3.7

.BYTE

1.,72.

.WORD

;length=l, opcode for
iSET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
;set-to continuous-mode

SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND

The SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND instruction specifies if a rubber band
is to be generated along with the output cursor. It also gives
the base of the rubber band.
Opcode: 53

Length: 3

Format: SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND type, base_x, base_y
type

the type of rubber band to use.

(see table 3-4)

base x

the x coordinate (in GOS) of the desired rubber
base

band

base_y

the y coordinate (in GOS) of the desired rubber
base

band

Status: SUCCESS if the type is legal; otherwise, FAILURE.
Type Code

Rubber Band
3-11

SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND
no rubber band
default (same as -1)
rubber band line
rubber band rectangle

-1

o
1
2

Table 3-4:

Types of Rubber Bands

Notes:
•

The rubber band (if selected) will be
cursor is drawn.

drawn

each

time

the

If the cursor blinks, then the rubber band also blinks.
•

The rubber band line is drawn from the base position
current position.

•

The rubber band rectangle is the rectangle with one corner at
the base position and the opposite corner at the current
position. The rectangle will degenerate to a line or point
if the current position and base position are the same in one
or both coordinates.

•

Since both the cursor and the rubber band are drawn in
complement mode,
if they cover the same points, they will
both disappear.
It may be preferable to turn the cursor off
when a rubber band is on.

Example:
• BYTE

3.,53 •

• WORD
. WORD
• WORD

1•
50 •
60 •

• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

2.,29 •
100 •
300 •

;length=3., opcode for
iSET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND
;rubDer bana line
; the base is [50,60]
ilength=l., opcode for set_position
inew current position
: is [100,300]
;when the cursor appears there
;will also be a rubber band line from
; [50,60] to [100,300].

3-12

the

NOP
3.8

NOP

The NOP instruction performs no operation. Execution of a NOP
has no effect on the current state of PRO/GIDIS, other than to
set the status flag to SUCCESS.
Opcode: 0

Length: 0

Format: NOP
Status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

PRO/GIDIS ignores
instruction.

any

arguments

included

with

NOP

Example:
• BYTE

o. ,0 •

;length=O,opcode for NOP

• BYTE
• WORD
. WORD

2. ,0 •
1540 •
71 •

ilength=2,opcode for NOP
iprivate data (ignored by PRO/GIDIS)
iprivate data (ignored by PRO/GIDIS)

Example:

3.9

END LIST

The END LIST instruction indicates the end of a variable argument
list.
This instruction follows the last argument in the list.
Those PRO/GIDIS instructions often used with a variable-length
argument list that terminates with an END LIST instruction
include
the
following:
DRAW LINES,
DRAW REL LINES,
DRAW_CHARACTERS, and LOAD CHARACTER CELL.
Opcode: 128

Length: 0

Format: END LIST
Status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

PRO/GIDIS ignores any arguments specified
instruction.

3-13

with

END LIST

SET OUTPUT IDS
logical
logical
logical
logical

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

o
o
o (1 hardware pixel)
o (1 hardware pixel)

x offset
y offset
width
height

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

o
o

cell
cell
cell
cell

standard
standard
standard
standard

implicit, local

display size width
display size height
unit size width
unit size height

display width
display height
unit width
unit height

* converted to new GOS coordinates
4.2

SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT

The SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT instruction specifies the viewport.

Opcode: 13

Length: 4

Format: SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT

ulx, uly, width, height

The parameters are integer values representing IDS coordinates.
ulx

specifies the x (horizontal) address of the origin of the
viewport.

uly

specifies the y (vertical) address of the origin
viewport.

the

width

specifies the width
greater than zero).

the

viewport

(value

must

height

specifies the height
greater than zero).

the

viewport

(value

must

Status: SUCCESS if width and height are greater than
otherwise.

FAILURE

Notes:
•

No drawing is done by the SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT instruction.

•

If the picture aspect ratios of the window and viewport
not equal, only a portion of the viewport is used.

4-3

are

SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT
•

Unlike SET OUTPUT IDS
and
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
this
instruction does not change any of the state variables that
depend on the definition of GIDIS Output Space (cell unit
size, line texture size, and so forth). The GOS values are
preserved. This means that physical sizes will change when
you change the viewport.

Example:

4.3

See SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE description.

SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE

The SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE instruction specifies the bounds of
the window in GIDIS Output Space.
It also sets the output
clipping region to coincide with the window and resets all global
attributes to their default values as shown in Table 4-3.
Opcode: 9

Length: 4

Format: SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE

ulx, uly, width, height

The parameters are integer values representing GIDIS Output Space
coordinates.
ulx

specifies the x (horizontal) address of the origin of the
window.

uly

specifies the y (vertical) address of the origin
window.

width

specifies the width of the window (value must be
than zero).

greater

height

specifies the height of the window (value must be greater
than zero).

Status: SUCCESS if width
FAILURE otherwise

and

height

are

greater

than

the

zero,

Notes:
•

No drawing is done when SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE executes.

•

It is recommended that a maximum absolute value of 16384 (2
ulx, uly,
to the 14th power)
be used for the following:
ulx + width, and uly + height. This will allow sufficient
off-screen address space for accurate clipping.

4-4

CHAPTER 6
DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter contains a detailed description of each PRO/GIDIS
drawing instruction. Table 6-1 lists the instructions covered in
the chapter.
Table 6-1:

Drawing Instructions Summary Chart

Opcode/Length

Instruction/Arguments

29/2

SET POSITION

x, y

30/~

SET REL POSITION

dx, dy

25/N

DRAW LINES

26/N

DRAW REL LINES

...
dx, dy, ...

23/N

DRAW ARCS

x, y, angle,

27/N

DRAW REL ARCS

dx, dy, angle,

x, y,

...

--------------------------------------------------------------------6.1

SET POSITION

The SET POSITION instruction specifies a new current position
an absolute position in GIDIS Output Space.
Opcode: 29

Length: 2

Format: SET POSITION
x

x, Y

Specifies the new X (horizontal)
position in GIDIS output space
6-1

value

the

current

SET POSITION
y

Specifies the new Y (vertical)
position in GIDIS output space

value

the

current

Status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

No drawing is done when SET POSITION executes.

Example:
.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

6.2

2.,29.
100.
350 •

;Length=2, opcode for SET POSITION
iNew current position
jis [100,350]

SET REL POSITION

The SET REL POSITION instruction specifies a new current position
as an offset from the old current position in GIDIS Output Space.
Opcode: 30

Length: 2

Format: SET REL POSITION

dx, dy

Specifies an offset from the
position in GIDIS output space

current

(horizontal)

Specifies an offset from the
position in GIDIS output space

current

(vertical)

Status: SUCCESS, provided no arithmetic overflow
overflow, FAILURE (position does not change)

occurs;

Notes:
•

No drawing is done when SET POSITION executes.

•

Global symmetry is preserved;
SET REL POSITION
[Dx,Dy]
is
always same as a 'SET POSITION (Current_x + Dx,Current_y +
Dy] I .

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

2.,30 .
100 •

-50 •

iCurrent position is [100,350]
iLength=2, opcode for SET REL POSITION
iRelative position is
; [+100,-50)
iNew current position is [200,300]

6-2

DRAW LINES
6.3

DRAW LINES

The DRAW LINES instruction draws a series of straight line
segments, starting at the current drawing position. The end
point of each line segment is specified as absolute coordinate
pairs, expressed in GIDIS output space.
Opcode: 25

Length: n

Format: DRAW LINES

xl, yl, x2, y2,

•••

Specifies the X (horizontal) value of
end point in GIDIS output space.

Specifies the Y (vertical) value of the first line's
point in GIDIS output space.

Specifies the X (horizontal) value of the
end point in GIDIS output space.

Specifies the Y (vertical) value of the second line's end
point in GIDIS output space.
Additional coordinate
additional lines.

pairs

specify

the

end

first

second

line's
end

line's

points

for

Status: SUCCESS, provided no filled figure table overflow occurs;
on overflow, FAILURE (position does not change)
Notes:
•

The coordinates can be specified either in a counted argument
list (with the count supplied with the opcode word, or in an
END LIST terminated list with 255 in the opcode word, as
described in Chapter 2 of this manual.

•

If there is an X coordinate with no Y coordinate, the lone
coordinate is ignored with no error indication.

• . Xhe DRAW LINES instruction is affected by the following
global attributes: writing mode, primary color, plane mask,
secondary color, pixel size, line texture, and filled figure
flag.
(See Note 4.)
•

The way the coordinate parameters are used depends on the
filled figure flag.
When the filled figure flag yields
FALSE, this instruction draws a straight line from the
current position to the specified point. Then, the current
position is changed and the specified point becomes the new
current position.
The next line is drawn from this new
position to the location specified by the next parameter
6-3

DRAW LINES
pair.
•

In complement and complement negate mode, common points (last
pixel in one line, first pixel in the next) are drawn only
once. The first pixel of a line is skipped and the last
pixel
is drawn.
If the first pixel is the last pixel, the
pixel is drawn.

•

When the filled figure flag yields TRUE,
this instruction
saves the given points in the filled figure table. No
drawing is donei however, current position changes and is set
to each specified (x, y)
point.
When the instruction
completes, the current drawing position is located at the
point indicated by the last parameter pair. When the filled
figure table is full,
coordinate pairs are ignored,
and
status is set to FAILURE.

•

DRAW LINES modifies
region.

the

bitmap

only

inside

the

clipping

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

2.,25 •
150 •
200 •

iNot in a filled figure definition
i{filled figure flag is FALSE)
iCurrent position is [200,300]
iLength=2, opcode for DRAW LINES
iDraw a line from [200,300T
ito [150,200]
iNew current position is [150,200]

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD

4.,25 •
600 •
-10 •
300 •
+10 •

icurrent position is [150,200]
inot in a filled figure definition
iLength=4, opcode for DRAW LINES

ixl
iyl
ix2
iy2
jDraw lines from [150,200] to [600,-10]
ithen from [600,-10] to [300,10]
iNew current position is [300,10]
iNote that both the -10 and the +10 are
iabsolute coordinates.

6-4

DRAW REL LINES
Example:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
• WORD
.WORD

6.5

5.,26.
100.

o.
100.
79.

iInside a filled-figure definition
i (Filled figure flag is TRUE)
iCurrent position is [100,100]
iLength=5, opcode for DRAW REL LINES
idxl
idyl
idx2
idy2
idx3
iAdds the points [200,100] and [200,200]
ito the filled figure table
iNew current position is [200,200]
isince there is no dy3, dx3 is ignored

DRAW ARCS

The DRAW ARCS instruction draws a circular arc from the current
position- around the specified center. Direction of the arc is
determined by the sign of the angle parameter.
For example, a
DRAW ARCS 105,105,-90 instruction would draw a quarter-circle
starting at the current position, using location 105,105 as the
center of the arc's circle.
Because the angle's sign is
negative, the arc drawn would be clockwise from the current
position.
Opcode: 23

Length: N

Format: DRAW ARCS

xl, yl, anglel, x2, y2, angle2 •••

Specifies the X (horizontal) value of
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

first

arc's

Specifies the Y ( vertical) value of
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

first

arc's

anglel

The angle for the first arc is given in degrees, with a
positive value meaning counter-clockwise with respect to
the physical screen.

Specifies the X (horizontal) value of
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

second

arc's

Specifies the Y (vertical) value of
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

second

arc's

angle2

The angle for the second arc is given in degrees, with a
positive value meaning counter-clockwise with respect to
6-7

DRAW ARCS
the physical screen.
Additional coordinate and angle triplets
points and angles for additional arcs.

specify

center

Status: SUCCESS provided angle is within a range of -360 to +360
and there is no filled figure table overflow, otherwise
FAILURE.
Notes:
•

An angle of zero means no drawing is done; +/- 360 means a
full circle. Values greater than 360 (or less than -360) are
errors, and no arc is drawn.

•

If the filled figure flag is TRUE then,
instead of drawing
the arc, all internally calculated interpolation points are
added to the filled figure table.

•

Each arc starts at the end point of the previous arc.

•

The current position is left at the end of the last arc.

•

DRAW ARCS is affected by the following global attributes:
writIng mode, primary color, plane mask, secondary color,
pixel size, line texture, and filled figure flag.
one
In p/OS 2.0,
the PRO/GIDIS interpreter calculates
interpolation point per 10 degrees of arc (or portion),
regardless of the size of the circle.

•

Full quadrant arcs always end at the exact point expected.
Fractional quadrant arcs end at the closest available point,
which might not be precisely correct.
Multiple fractional
quadrant arcs are not guaranteed to end at the exact point
predicted by your program. For example, a full circle of a
103 degree arc and a 257 degree arc is not guaranteed to
leave the current position exactly where it started.

•

DRAW ARCS
region.

modifies

the

bitmap

6-8

only

inside

the

clipping

DRAW ARCS
Example:

.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
.WORD

3.,23.
400 •
300.
180.

:Not in a filled figure definition
:(filled figure flag is FALSE)
:Current position is [500,300]
;Length=3, opcode for DRAW ARCS
:x coordinate of center
iY coordinate of center
i180 degrees is one-half a circle
i (counter-clockwise)
:Draws the top half of the circle
:centered at [400,300] with radius 100
:Middle of the arc is [400,200]
:New current position is [300,300]

Example:

.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
.WORD

6.6

3.,23.
400 •
300 •
-90.

:Inside a filled-figure definition
: (Filled figure flag is TRUE)
:Current position is [500,300]
:Length=3, opcode for DRAW ARCS
:Center is [400,300]
:90 degrees = 1 quadrant
:Adds nine interpolation points
: (internally calculated)
:to the filled figure table
:Last point added is [400,400]
:New current position is [400,400]

DRAW REL ARCS

The DRAW REL ARCS instruction draws a circular arc from the
current -position around the center, specified relative to the
current position. Length of the arc is specified by an angle in
degrees.
Direction of the arc is determined by the sign of the
angle parameter.
Opcode: 27

Length: N

Format: DRAW REL ARCS

dx, dy, angle, dx, dy, angle,

•••

Specifies the offset X (horizontal) value
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

arc's

Specifies the offset Y (vertical) value
center point in GIDIS output space.

the

arc's

The angle is given in

positive

value

angle

degrees,
6-9

with

DRAW REL ARCS
meaning clockwise with respect to the physical screen.
Status: SUCCESS, provided angle within a range of -360 to +360
and
there
is no filled figure table overflow or
arithmetic overflow, otherwise FAILURE.
Notes:
Please refer to the notes for DRAW ARCS.
Example:

• BYTE
• WORD
. WORD
• WORD

3.,27 •
-100 •
+30 .
-90 •

iCurrent position is [400,300J
iFilled figure flag is FALSE
iLength=3,opcode is DRAW REL ARCS
;Center is [-100,+30]
;Relative to current position
i90 degrees = one quadrant (clockwise)
iDraws one quadrant from [400,300] to
; [330,430] centered at [300,330]
;New current position is [330,430]

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD

6.,27 •
+35 •
-50 •
90 •
-35 .
+50 •
90 .

;Current position is [330,430]
;Filled figure flag is FALSE
iLength=3, opcode is DRAW REL ARCS

;Center is [+35,-50]
i [365,380], 90 degree arc
iCurrent position is now [415,415]
;Center is 380,465]
;90 degrees
;draws a lens shaped object with two
icircular arcs.

6-10

END FILLED FIGURE
•

The edges of the filled figure are the mathematically ideal
lines through the positions in the filled-figure table, but
one "extra" pixel is included to ensure that no gap occurs
between two adjacent areas. The edge is not guaranteed to be
identical to a
line drawn (outside of a filled-figure
definition)
through the same points due to differences in
drawing direction and round-off errors.

•

The current position is unchanged by the END FILLED FIGURE.
Current position is left at the last position given. Note
that if table overflow occurred, the last point might not be
the last vertex in the filled-figure table.

•

This instruction modifies
region.

•

If too many positions are specified,
only the first 256
vertices are used,
and a straight line connects the 256th
point with the first point.
(256 is the maximum number of
vertices in the filled-figure table for p/os 2.0.)

the

bitmap

inside

the

clipping

primary writing
Global attributes used in the fill are:
color,
secondary writing color, writing mode, plane mask,
and area size.
Unused
area texture cell, area cell size,
global attributes are:
pixel size.
•

Complement and complement-negate writing modes can give
unexpected results when filled figure areas overlap or abut.

7-3

END FILLED FIGURE
Example:
.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
.BYTE
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.l.oJORD
.WORD
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.BYTE

2.,29.
100 •
100 •
0.,31.

iLength=2,opcode for SET POSITION
iCurrent position
is [100,100]
iLength=O,opcode for BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
iFilled-figure table now has [100~100]
4.,26.
iLength=4,opcode for DRAW REL LINES
+100.
idxl
+0.
idyl
+0.
idx2
+100.
idy2
iAdds points [200,100] and [200,200] to
i
the filled-figure table
255.,25. iEND LIST terminated,opcode = DRAW LINES
100.
ixl200.

ix2

-32768. iEND LIST
iAdds point [100,200] to
i
the filled-figure table
0.,32.
iLength=O,opcode for END FILLED FIGURE
iThe area defined by [100,100],[200,100], [200,200], [100,200], and
[100,100] (a square) is filled with
the current area texture (modified by
whatever current global attributes are
in effect.)

7-4

CHAPTER 8
TEXT INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter
instruction.
chapter.
Table 8-1:

contains a detailed description of each text
Table 8-1 lists the instructions covered in the

Text Instructions Summary Chart

Opcode/Length

Instruction/Arguments

38/1

SET ALPHABET

alphabet-number

46/4

CREATE ALPHABET

width, height, extent, width-type

34/n

LOAD CHARACTER CELL

char-index, width,ldO, dl, ••• ,dn

33/4

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER

char-index, width, nominal-width,
nominal-height

36/0

END DEFINE CHARACTER

37/2

LOAD BY NAME

43/1

SET CELL RENDITION

cell-rendition

44/1

SET CELL ROTATION

dx, dy

65/1

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE

dx, dy

45/2

SET CELL UNIT SIZE

width, height

40/2

SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE

width, height

42/1

SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE

flag

41/2

SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT

dx,

8-1

TEXT INSTRUCTIONS

35/n

DRAW CHARACTERS

char-indexl, char-index2,

74/N

DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS

2charindex,

8.1

•••

SET ALPHABET

The SET ALPHABET instruction selects a specific alphabet to be
used as the current alphabet. Any alphabet-related operations,
except as noted, act on the currently selected alphabet.
Opcode: 38

Length: 1

Format:

SET ALPHABET

alphabet

is an integer value in a range
specifies the current alphabet.

that

Status: SUCCESS if the alphabet number is valid (from 0
FAILURE otherwise.

15),

Notes:

•

Valid alphabet numbers for the Professional (p/OS 2.0) are 0
through 15.
Alphabet 0 is the DEC Multinational Character
Set.

•

Alphabet 0,
the DEC Multinational font,
is a read-only
alphabet and cannot be changed through PRO/GIDIS. Control
characters (indices 0 through 31 and 127 through 160 decimal)
are not included,
and,
if requested with DRAW CHARACTERS,
appear as an error ("blob" or "checkerboard")- character.
Some indices are reserved and appear as a reversed question
mark.

•

The current alphabet can be reset to the power-on default (0)
by the PRO/GIDIS INITIALIZE instruction's text subsystem
option.

•

No drawing is done by the SET ALPHABET instruction.

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD

1.,38 •
2•

iLength=l, opcode for SET ALPHABET
iSelects alphabet #2 as current alphabet

8-2

CREATE ALPHABET
8.2

CREATE ALPHABET

CREATE ALPHABET erases the current
alphabet
and
reserves
resources for an alphabet with the specified storage size (width
by height by extent).
Opcode: 46

Length: 4 or 5

Format: CREATE ALPHABET
initialize

width, height, extent, width-type,

width

is an integer in the range (0 to 16) that specifies
the number of horizontal bits in a character pattern.

height

is an integer in the range (0 to 16) that specifies
the number of vertical bits in a character pattern.

extent

is an unsigned integer that specifies the number of
characters in the alphabet. Character indices can
range from 0 to extent - 1.
For

the

Professional,

width-type

is reserved for future use.
this v~--must be '0.

initialize

initializes all characters in the newly created
alphabet.
If 0, initialize to blank. If it is not
0,
initialize to solid.
If not present,
then
initialize to solid.

Status: SUCCESS if width and height are greater than or equal to
zero, the width type is zero, the current alphabet number
is a valid user definable alphabet (not 0), and there are
sufficient resources to create the alphabet: FAILURE
otherwise.
Notes:

•

Character indices are l6-bit numbers and do not necessarily
correspond to DEC Multinational codes (except for alphabet
0) •

•

For the Professional, all characters in an alphabet have
same storage size.

•

To reclaim alphabet space, CREATE ALPHABET 0,0,0,0 erases the
existing
alphabet
and
returns all of the alphabet's
resources.

8-3

the

CREATE ALPHABET
Since alphabet storage uses dynamic
• REQUEST
STATUS instruction to obtain

memory,
use
the status of

the
any

CREATE ALPHABET instruction.
Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD

8.3

4.,46 •
10 •
16 •
32 •

o•

;Current alphabet is alphabet number 2
;Length=4, opcode for CREATE ALPHABET
;width
;height
;extent
;width-type (Note: MUST BE ZERO)
;Erases alphabet 2 and
creates an empty alphabet with
the specified characteristics

LOAD CHARACTER CELL

The LOAD CHARACTER CELL instruction loads a character cell from
the raster data given as parameters. This instruction acts on
the currently selected alphabet.
Opcode: 34

Length: variable

Format: LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL char-index, width, dO, dI, ••• ,dn
char-index

The index of the character cell to be loaded.
This
value must be in a range of 0 to extent - 1, where
extent is the total character count for the alphabet.

width

The width value must be in a range of 0 to the width
value given with the CREATE ALPHABET instruction that
established the alphabet. Tpjos 2.0 does not use
this value.
However,
it still must be in the
appropriate range.)

dO, dI, •••

Zero to 16 words of data to be loaded into the
character cell. The top character cell row is loaded
from the first data word (dO), the second row from
the second data word (dI), and so forth.

Status: SUCCESS if character index is in a range of 0 to
extent - 1, and width is in a range of 0 to alphabet
width; otherwise, FAILURE.

8-4

LOAD CHARACTER CELL
Notes:
•

The leftmost pixel in a row comes from the low-order
the appropriate data word.

bit

•

Characters cannot be loaded into any alphabet with an
value of zero.

extent

•

This command should not be used within a character definition
block.
(See the BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER instruction.)

Example:

.BYTE
• WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

894

6.,34.

9•
4.
~BlOll
~BIOIO
~BIOOO

-BOOOI

;Alphabet 2 has width of 4, height of 5,
and extent of 10
iLength=6, opcode for LOAD CHARACTER CELL
iCharacter index (last cell in alphabet)
i \Alidth
jPattern:
OFF ON
ON
ON
OFF ON
OFF ON
(Note the
OFF OFF OFF ON
bit reversal)
ON
OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF OFF OFF
iLast row not given, cleared automatically

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER

The BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER instruction
starts
a
character
definition block in which all commands draw into the binary
storage raster associated with the given character instead of
drawing
into the entire screen. This command is paired with the
END DEFINE CHARACTER command.
Opcode: 33

Length: 4

Format: BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER char-index, width, nom_width,
nom=heightchar-index

The index of the character cell to be loaded.
This
value must be in a range of 0 to extent - 1, where
extent is the total character count for the alphabet.

width

The width value must be in a range of 0 to the width
value given with the CREATE ALPHABET instruction that
established the alphabet. Tp/os 2.0 does not use
this value.
However,
it still must be in the
appropriate range.)

nomwidth

The nominal width specifies the desired width of

8-5

the

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER
character.
nomheight

The nominal height specifies the
the character.

desired

height

Status: SUCCESS if current alphabet is not equal to 0 and
Char index is less than or equal to alphabet extend
(current alphabet) and there are sufficient resources to
define this character; otherwise FAILURE.
Notes:
•

If the character definition contains a circle,
then that
character will contain a circle when drawn with unit cell
width and height proportional to the nominal width and
height.
In other words,
characters can be drawn with
arbitrary scaling in X and Y.

command implicitly saves the entire PRO/GIDIS state •
• This
That state will be restored by the END DEFINE CHARACTER
command. The following state will be imposed in place of the
active state.
output ids width
output ids height
output viewport x origin
output viewport y origin
output viewport width
output viewport height
GIDIS output space x origin
GIDIS output space y origin
GIDIS output space width
GIDIS output space height
output clipping x origin
output clipping y origin
output clipping width
output clipping height
current position x
current position y
area texture width
area texture height
line texture size
logical pixel x offset
logical pixel y offset
logical pixel width
logical pixel height
cell unit size width
cell unit size height
cell display size width
cell display size height
8-6

Nominal Width
Nominal Height
0
0

Nominal Width
Nominal Height
GOS Equiv. of 'line
texture length'

o
o
I hardware pixel
I hardware pixel
Nominal width
Nominal Height
Nominal Width
Nominal Height

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER
cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy
primary color
secondary color
character cell
plane mask
writing mode

implicit, local
0
0
1
0

all ' 0 ' s
1

overlay

• BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER commands can not be nested.
•

Any INITIALIZE command will abort the character definition
mode.

•

The following commands are illegal inside a character
definition block:
BEGIN- DEFINE- CHARACTER
LOAD CHARACTER CELL
CREATE ALPHABET
LOAD BY NAME

•

If BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER fails, GrDIS may skip all further
commands-until an END DEFINE CHARACTER. In particular,
REQUEST STATUS may not succeed, and your program may hang.
So insure that all BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER commands be
followed by an END DEFINE CHARACTER.

•

Do not allow the VTI02 simulator to do a full screen scroll
while defining a character. See the END DEFINE CHARACTER
example.

Example:
See END DEFINE CHARACTER example.

8.5

END DEFINE CHARACTER

The END DEFINE CHARACTER instruction terminates the character
definition block and makes that character available and restores
previous conditions.
Opcode: 36

Length:

Format: END DEFINE CHARACTER
Status: SUCCESS if character definition flag is TRUE; otherwise,
FAILURE.
8-7

END DEFINE CHARACTER
Example:

.BYTE

4.,33.

• BYTE
• WORD
.WORD
• WORD

3•
9.
90.
225 •

.BYTE
• WORD

• 2,29.

• BYTE .255.,25 •
40 •
• WORD
200 •
• WORD
80 •
• WORD
100 •
• WORD
40 •
• WORD
O•
• WORD
O•
• WORD
100 •
• WORD
-32768 •
• WORD
.BYTE

0.,36.

iassume current alphabet is 1, storage
isize of alphabet 1 is 9 by 9.
ilength = 4,
i opcode=BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER
idefining character 3
iwidth
inominal width
inominal height
inow ready to draw into the characters
istorage area
JIDS is 90 X 235 •
ilength = 2, opcode=SET POSITION
i [0,100] is moddle of left hand side •
iend-list terminated, opcode=DRAW_LINES
i
i [40,200]
i
i[80,100]·
i
i [40,0]

i [0,100]
iend list

iEND_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Figure 8-1 illustrates some examples of the character
defined in the example above.

8-8

END DEFINE CHARACTER

Figure 8-1:
8.6

End Define Character

LOAD BY NAME

The LOAD BY NAME instruction makes an alphabet that is defined in
a named-region available to users. The argument is a pair of 16
bit words which contain a region name in RAD50.
Other software
must explicitly create the region, either by the CRRG$ directive
or by defining the alphabet in a MACRO program and using the
INSTALL command on the native tool kit. In either case the
region must have the format shown in Appendix C.
If no such
alphabet (region)
can be found then an alphabet containing no
characters will be loaded.
Opcode: 37

Length: 2

Format: LOAD BY NAME name_O, name_l

name

° , name50.1 are arguments that contain a region name in RAD

Status: SUCCESS if the two word argument specifies a valid
region, the region has the proper format, the current
alphabet number is valid for a user definable alphabet
(not 0) AND there are sufficient resources to load the
alphabet, FAILURE otherwise.

8-9

LOAD BY NAME
Notes:

•

Gidis does not create a region. The user should create a
region and make sure it has the proper format. Use the RSX
directive CRRG$ and load it algorithmically or build a common
library and install it using the INSTALL command on the
native tool kit. In either case the region must have the
format shown in Appendix C.

Example:

.BYTE
2.,37.
ilength=2, opcode=LOAD BY NAME
.RAD50 "BOLD "ilet MACRO-II compute tJie nD50 for BOLD
Example:

.BYTE
.WORD
• WORD

8.7

2.,37.
050500+001750+000001
045400+001200+000010

;RAD50 for MYALPH
;MYA
;LPH

SET CELL RENDITION

The SET CELL RENDITION instruction specifies the renditions to be
added
to
characters
written following execution of this
instruction. Renditions are variations on characters that could
be performed without selecting a new alphabet, yet are not
related to writing colors or writing modes.
Renditions defined
for the Professional are: backslant and italics.
Opcode: 43

Length: 1

Format: SET CELL RENDITION

mask-value

A mask representing one or more of
the
cell
renditions.
The mask value corresponds to one or
more rendition bits set.
(See Figure 8-2).

Status: SUCCESS if the requested rendition is
implementation, FAILURE otherwise.

supported

the

This instruction specifies a bit-mask value indicating which
renditions are to be added. Certain mask bits are reserved for
future PRO/GIDIS enhancements.
Figure 8-2 illustrates
the
defined rendition bits that can be selected.

8-10

SET CELL RENDITION
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--t--+--+--+--+--+

I -- Back Slant
I -- Italics
I -- (Reserved)

Figure 8-2:

SET CELL RENDITION Bit Mask

Notes:
•

Setting both backslant and italics (mask value -BOOOll) is an
error.
In this case, rendition is undefined.

•

Italics and backslant (reverse italics)
are generated by
oblique
angles
of -23 and +23 degrees, respectively.
Requesting italic or backslant rendition overrides
any
specific oblique angle requested previously. Requesting an
oblique angle after an italic rendition request nullifies the
italic request.

Example:
.BYTE
.WORD

8.8

1.,43.
2.

iLength=l, opcode for SET CELL RENDITION
iRequests italics rendition

SET CELL ROTATION

The SET CELL ROTATION instruction defines the angle of rotation
at which the character is to be displayed. The character is
rotated about the current position (upper left corner of the
display cell)
to the available rotation angle nearest to the
angle specified. Table 8-2 shows the angles available.
Opcode: 44

Length: 1

Format: SET CELL ROTATION
angle

angle

The requested angle in degrees. A positive angle
indicates counter-clockwise from normal text.

Status: SUCCESS

8-11

value

SET CELL ROTATION
Notes:
•

No drawing takes place when the SET CELL ROTATION instruction
executes.

Example:
.BYTE
• WORD

1.,44.
-90 •

Requested

Table 8-2:

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_ROTATION
;Text to go down the screen
Actual

45
90
135
180
225
270
315

51
90
129
180
232
270
309

Cell Rotation Angles

An obliqued character cell is slanted away from
a
true
rectanglular
orientation.
The SET CELL OBLIQUE instruction
specifies the angle from vertical of the side of the display
cell.
A positive angle parameter results in a back-slanted
character; a negative angle yields a forward, italic-type slant.
Oblique angles always are set for unrotated characters. The
oblique angle rotates with the specified rotation.
Opcode: 65

Length: I

Format: SET_CELL_OBLIQUE
angle

angle

The requested angle in degrees. A positive angle value
indicates a backward slant; a negative angle indicates a
forward slant.

status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

No drawing takes place when SET_CELL_OBLIQUE executes •

•

PRO/GIDIS (p/OS 2.0)
uses an approximation algorithm to
oblique text which is accurate for small angles (less than
ten degrees), less accurate for medium angles (up to 25
degrees), and inaccurate for large angles. Increasing the
8-12

argument value will always increase the text oblique.
Example:
• BYTE
• WORD

8.10

1.,65 •
-23 •

iLength=l, opcode for SET CELL OBLIQUE
iRegular italics (slanting right)

SET CELL UNIT SIZE

The SET CELL UNIT SIZE instruction specifies the actual size of
character(s) displayedi
the size is specified in GIDIS output
space. The stored character pattern is mapped completely to the
unit size.
Opcode: 45

Length: 2

Format: SET CELL UNIT SIZE

width, height

width

A width value in GIDIS output space.
greater than zero.

The width

height

A height value in GIDIS output space.
greater than zero.

The height must be

Status: SUCCESS if width
FAILURE otherwise

and

height

are

greater

must

than

zero,

For PRO/GIDIS, the unit size is restricted to an integral
multiple of the character pattern (storage size). PRO/GIDIS uses
the largest available size that is not larger than the size
specified.
If no available size is small enough, the smallest
available is used. Refer to the SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE to define
the size of the area in which the cell unTt is displayed.
Notes:
requested unit size does not change when the current
• The
alphabet changes, but the adjustment described above is
recalculated.
•

The unit cell and the display
their upper-left corners.

cell

always

are

aligned

•

No drawing is done when the SET CELL UNIT SIZE executes.

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD

1.,45 •
10 •

iLength=l, opcode for SET CELL UNIT SIZE
iWidth
8-13

SET CELL UNIT SIZE
• WORD

8.11

30 •

;Height

SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE

SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE defines a character's display cell,
the
rectanguTar area of the display modified when a character is
drawn.
Opcode: 40

Length: 2

Format: SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE

width, height

width

A width value in GIDIS output space.

height

A height value in GIDIS output space.

Status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

The origin of the display cell is always the upper left
corner of the cell and is aligned with the unit cell at that
corner.

•

The unit cell can be larger than the display cell; if so, the
character is clipped to the display cell.
If the unit cell
is smaller than the display cell, then all of the character
is drawn and the rest of the display cell is treated as if
the character pattern specified OFF.

•

Negative values in width or height produce a mirroring in X
and Y, respectively.
This mirroring or reflection always is
done about the origin {the upper-left corner of the cell}.
Implied movement always goes across the display cell, so
implied movement for a display cell mirrored in X is
in the
opposite direction from the rotation angle.

•

No drawing is done when the SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE executes.

•

If either the width or the height is zero, no
character is drawn.

portion

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

2.,40 •
12 •
28 •

;Length=2, opcode=SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
iWidth
;Height

8-14

SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE
8.12

SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE

The SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE instruction specifies the manner in
which the current position moves after each character is drawn by
a DRAW CHARACTERS instruction.
Opcode: 42

Length: 1

Format: SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE

flag

specifies one of the following movement modes:

flag

o
1
2
3

Explicit cell movement, local symmetry
Explicit cell movement, global symmetry
Explicit and implied movement, local symmetry
Explicit and implied movement, global symmetry
(All other values are reserved.)

Status: SUCCESS if Flag is 0 to 3, FAILURE otherwise.
Notes:

•

When using local symmetry, the current position after a
DRAW CHARACTERS instruction could be different from that
calculated by your program. It is suggested that all such
DRAW CHARACTERS instructions be followed with a SET POSITION
instruction or a REQUEST POSITION instruction unTess the
exact end of the string is the desired position for the next
instruction.

using global symmetry, the current position is exactly
• When
that
value that would be calculated by your program.
However, character spacing may not
round-off errors.
•

always

even

due

No drawing occurs when the SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE instruction
executes.

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD

8.13

1.,42 •

iLength=l, opcode=SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
iExplicit local symmetry mode

SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT

The SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT instruction specifies the relative
distance that the current position is to move after a character
is drawn. The relative distance is specified in GIDIS output
space.
8-15

SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT
Opcode: 41

Length: 2

Format: SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT

dx, dy

Specifies the horizontal distance in GIDIS
to move the current position.

Specifies the vertical distance in GIDIS output space
move the current position.

output

space
to

Status: SUCCESS
The explicit value is the total movement when the cell movement
mode is 0 or 1. The value represents the inter-character spacing
when the mode is 2
or
3.
(Refer
to
the
preceding
SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE
description
for
details on implied
movement~) The default mode is 2, default
explicit movement is
[0,0] •

Notes:
the

SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT

•

No drawing occurs
when
instruction executes.

•

When using local symmetry, the curr'ent position after a
DRAW CHARACTERS instruction could be different from that
calculated by your program.
It is suggested that all
DRAW CHARACTERS instructions be followed with a SET POSITION
instruction or a REQUEST POSITION instruction unless the
exact end of the string is the desired position for the next
instruction.

•

The explicit movement is used exactly as specified.
not adjusted according to the rotation angle.

Example:
.BYTE
• WORD
. WORD

8.14

2.,4l.
12 •
O•

iLength=2,SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT
;dy

,·dx

DRAW CHARACTERS

The DRAW CHARACTERS instruction displays each of the characters
specified by each character index in the parameter list. The
characters are taken from the currently selected alphabet.

8-16

DRAW CHARACTERS
Opcode: 35

Length: n

Format: DRAW CHARACTERS
char-index

char-index,

an unsigned 16-bit word

Status: SUCCESS if the current alphabet number is
the last character-index is valid in
FAILURE otherwise.

valid and if
the alphabet,

Characters can be specified either in a counted argument list
(with the count supplied with the opcode word) or in an END LIST
terminated list with 255 in the opcode word.
The rules for
variable-length argument lists for PRO/GIDIS are described in
Chapter 2 of this manual.
Notes:
•

The current position is updated after each character display,
according
to
the
cell
movement controls.
(See the
descriptions
of
the
SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE
and
SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT instructions~)

•

This instruction uses implied and explicit cell movement,
unit and display size, cell rotation, rendition mask, current
alphabet, and writing mode.

•

DRAW CHARACTERS modifies the bitmap (only inside the clipping
region) and the current position.

Example:

.BYTE

3.,35.

• WORD
.WORD
.WORD

65.

66.
67.

jCurrent alphabet = 0 (DEC Multinational)
;Unit size, display size, etc. are
set up properly
iLength=3, opcode for DRAW CHARACTERS
;Counted form
'A I
'B'
'C'

8-17

DRAW CHARACTERS
Example:

.BYTE
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
• WORD
.WORD

8.15

~Current alphabet = 1 (user-defined)
iunit size, display size, etc. are
set up properly
255.,35. ;END_LIST Term.,opcode = DRAW CHARACTERS
O•
13 •
7•
45 .
-32768. ,END LIST
iDisplays 4 characters from alphabet 1,
which are user-defined characters

DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS

Opcode: 74 Length: N
Format: DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS 2charindex,

.0'

2charindex is two 8 bit quantities which are
indexes to write.

used

Status: SUCCESS if the current alphabet number is
the last character-index is valid in
FAILURE otherwise.

character

valid and if
the alphabet,

Notes:
The arguments are taken as pairs of characters.
Each word
has 2 byte characters to draw. This command can be used for
characters whose indexes are in the range 0-254.
The value
255 explicitly performs no operation.
If you want to draw an
odd number of characters, use 255 as the filler.
See the
DRAW CHARACTER command for a description of how characters
are actually drawn.
•

The low order byte is used first
byte.

and

then

the

high

Example:
.BYTE
.BYTE

iassume current alphabet is 0
;length=3 words,opcode for
;DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
116.,101. J ' t ' , 'e'
3.,74.

8-18

order

DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS
.BYTE
.BYTE

115.,116. i'S', 't'
49.,255.
; '1', no character

.BYTE

255.,74.

Example:

.ASCII "TEST"
.BYTE '2,255.
.WORD -32768.

;current alphabet 0
jend-list-term,opcode=l
iDRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
itest
i '2', no character

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD

1. ,38 •
1•

,length=l, opcode=set-alphabet
jalphabet 1

• BYTE

;length=2,
opcode=DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS
O. ,1idraw characters 0,1
255., 254 • ; and 254 from alphabet 1.
2.,74 •

.BYTE
• BYTE

8-19

PRINT SCREEN
corresponds to the upper left vertical coordinate (y) of
the data to be printed.
The value is given in GOS
coordinates.

status: SUCCESS
Notes:
•

In a single plane system, a pixel value of a is mapped to a
skip (leaves paper white)
and a 1 is mapped to a strike
(prints on the paper).
On
multi-plane
systems,
the
monochrome value of the color map is tested. If 0, the point
is skipped (white), if not zero, the point prints.

•

If the printer port does not have an LA50 or LAIOO connected,
nothing occurs.

Example:
.BYTE
• WORD
.WORD
.WORD
• WORD
.WORD
• v-JORD

9.3

6.,141. ;Length=6, opcode for PRINT SCREEN
iUpper left bitmap corner 100 •
is [100,100]
100.
400.
iData to be printed is 400 units wide
by 200 units high
200 •
;Begin printing at current printhead
o.
O.
location

SCROLL CLIPPING REGION

The SCROLL CLIPPING REGION instruction moves data within the
output clipping region, according to the direction and distance
specified by the instruction's accompanying parameters.
The
vacated display area is reset to the current secondary color,
ignoring area texture and writing mode.
Opcode: 52

Length: 2

Format: SCROLL CLIPPING_REGION dx, dy
dx

The GIDIS output space distance to move the
data
horizontally.
If dx is positive, the data is shifted
right to left; if negative, the shift is to the right.

The GIDIS output space distance to move the
data
vertically.
If dy is positive,
the data is shifted
toward the top of the screen; if negative, the shift is
toward the bottom of the screen.

9-3

SCROLL CLIPPING REGION
Notes:
•

PRO GIDIS will copy the data in the currently selected planes
directly to the desired position. Planes not selected are
not scrolled or otherwise changed. Hardware assist is used
when possible so the appearance of the screen may be
different during the scroll operations. Scrolls that include
everything on the screen, except the 32 pixel wide bands on
either side, might scroll those bands in addition to the
clipping region.
(See Figure 1-5 for a picture of the screen
showing the 32 pixel wide bands).

•

The data scrolled out is not saved -- you cannot scroll out a
portion of an image and then scroll it back in. Solid
secondary color always scrolls in.

•

Shaded areas within the clipping region will not necessarily
be aligned with shaded areas outside the clipping region
after this command.

•

Scroll Clipping region does not work in PIOS 1.7 except when
the clipping region is set to the entire screen, and the
plane mask includes all planes present. It works correctly
in plOS 2.0 for all combinations of plane mask and clipping
region.

Example:
• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

2.,52 •
-100 •

O•

iLength=O, opcode=SCROLL CLIPPING REGION
idx
- ;dy
;Slides data to the right 100 units

Example:
2.,52 •

• BYTE
• WORD
• WORD

-15 •

;Scroll data down
;15 units

• BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

2.,52 •
-30
+30

;Move data in the clipping region
;30 units left and 20 units up.

o•

Example:

9-4

CHAPTER 10
REPORT HANDLING

This chapter contains a detailed description of each of the
report handling instructions. Table 10-1 lists the instructions
and report tags covered in the chapter.
Table 10-1:

Opcode/Length

Report Handling Summary Chart

Instruction

Data Record

Tag Name

55/0

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

CURRENT POSITION REPORT

x, y

58/0

REQUEST_STATUS

STATUS REPORT

code

CELL STANDARD REPORT

uw, uh, dw,
dh

VERSION NUMBER REPORT

dev_code,
version number

OUTPUT SIZE REPORT

ulx, uly,
screen width,
screen-height,
total width,
total-height,
resolution x,
resolution-y,
total_plane_mas~

-----~------------------------------------------------ ---------------

10.1

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

The REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

instruction
10-1

reports

the

absolute

location of the current position. The current position is the
display location at which the next character, line, or arc would
be drawn.
Opcode: 55

Length: 0

Format: REQUEST CURRENT POSITION
Status: SUCCESS
The reported information takes the following form:
CURRENT POSITION_REPORT,

x, Y

The X and Y values reported are the
coordinates of the current position.

PRO/GIDIS

output

space

Notes:
•

The current position is not necessarily the same as the last
position given to SET POSITION or DRAW LINES; DRAW CHARACTERS
and DRAW_ARCS instructions also move the current position.

•

The REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION instruction is most
useful
following a DRAW ARCS or a DRAW CHARACTERS (local symmetry),
since your program cannot determIne precisely where PRO/GIDIS
leaves the current position after these instructions.

Example:
• BYTE

0.,55 •

~Lgth=O,

opcode=REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

;This instruction causes the following
report to be placed in the report
queue if there is sufficient room.
Byte
Byte
Word
Word

2. (Data words following)
1. (Current POSe Rpt. Tag)
x (PRO/GIDIS coordinates
y
for current position)

iThe report can be read using a QIO
with the function code IO.RSD. Refer
to Chapter 2 for more information.

10.2

REQUEST_STATUS

REQUEST STATUS reports the success or failure of a PRO/GIDIS
instruction. All PRO/GIDIS instructions set the status variable.
10-2

REQUEST_STATUS
Opcode: 58

Length: 0

Format: REQUEST_STATUS
Status: SUCCESS
Status is reported in the following format:
STATUS_REPORT,

status

where the low-order bit of the variable status
indicating SUCCESS or 0 indicating FAILURE.

either

Notes:
•

No other codes are defined.
reserved for future use.)

(Codes other than

•

FAILURE status is not saved.
If your
program
needs
information
about
the
success
or
failure of every
instruction, you must place a REQUEST_STATUS instruction
after each PRO/GIDIS instruction.

•

Testing is recommended only following
instructions, such as CREATE ALPHABET.

major

are

PRO/GIDIS

Example:
.BYTE

0.,58.

iassumes previous instruction failed
iLgth=O, opcode=REQUEST_STATUS
Byte 1. (Data words following)
Byte 4. (Current Stat. Rpt. Tag)
i Word
0 (FAILURE
status)
iFor additional examples, refer to
;Chapter 2.

The REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD instruction reports
cell and display cell sizes.
Opcode: 54

Length: 0

Status: SUCCESS
The report takes the following form:
10-3

the

current

unit

CELL STANDARD_REPORT, unit-wd, unit-ht,
display-wd, display-ht
where unit-wd and unit-ht are the unit cell width and height of
the standard size character in GIDIS space. Display-wd and
display-ht are the display cell width and height.
Notes:
•

This instruction takes into account the storage size of the
current alphabet and the character rotation currently in
effect. The standard size for alphabet 0 (DEC Multinational)
is not necessarily the same as the standard size for alphabet
1.

•

Rounding could take place converting from device coordinates
to GIDIS space. If your program requests 'n' times the size
of the standard, the characters actually formed might not be
precisely In' times the standard.

Example:
.BYTE

0.,54.

iLgth=O, opcode=REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

4•
5.
9.
20.
8.
20.

Byte
Byte
Word
Word
, Word
; Word

(Data words following)
(Cell Standard Rpt. Tag)
(Unit width)
(Unit height)
(Display width)
(Display height)

iFor additional examples, refer to
iChapter 2.

10.4

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

The REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE command
device currently used.
Opcode: 57

reports

Length: 0

Status: SUCCESS

10-4

the

parameter

the

The report takes the following form:
OUTPUT_SIZE_REPORT,
ulx,
uly,
screen width,
screen height,
total width,
total height,
resolution_x, resolution_y~ Total_plane_maskwhere
•
•
•
•
•

[ulx, uly] is the upper left corner (in Output IDS)
of the total device executable space;
Screen width and Screen height are the width and
height- (in Output losT of the visible area of the
output device;
Total width and Total height are the width and height
(in Output IDS) of the total device executable space;
Resolution x and Resolution y a r e the number of
addressable
units
(pixels)- in the total device
executable space;
Total plane mask is the plane mask that contains a 1
for every plane accessible.

Example:

• BYTE
• WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
• WORD
• BYTE
• BYTE
• WORD
• BYTE

10.5

0.,57 •

a•

1024
600
1024
600
1024
240
7•

9•
2•

-32 .
9•

;Assume IDS is 960 by 600
ilength=O,opcode for REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE
itotal upper left is [-32,0];IDS width and height of visible area
iIDS width and height of total area

,number of pixels in total device width
;number of pixels in total device height
itotal plane mask
;9 words following output size report tag
iOUTPUT SIZE REPORT TAG
;1DS coordinate of
idata words following

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

The REQUEST_VERS10N_NUMBER instruction reports the version number
of PRO/GIDIS.

10-5

Opcode: 71

Length: 0

Format: REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER
Status: SUCCESS
The reported information takes the following form:
VERSION_NUMBER_REPORT, device_code, version
where
•
•

device code is 21 for the PRO/VIDEO GIDIS.
version is the version number.

Notes:
•

These numbers should be used with all error reports.

Example:
BYTE

0.,71.

iLgth=O, opcode=VERSION NUMBER REPORT
;byte 2. data words following ,VERSION NUMBER REPORT
;byte 7.-tag
,word 21. device code
;word 25. version number

10-6

APPENDIX A
PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

This chapter contains a PRO/GIDIS instruction summary in three
different orders:
by function, in ascending opcode order, and in
alphabetic order. The opcode and parameter block length values
are shown as a word value as well as separate byte values.

A.I

INSTRUCTIONS GROUPED BY FUNCTION

Opcode
Instruction and Arguments
Length
Opcode Word
0
257
1286
1536
6144
7168
13571
18433
-32768

NOP INITIALIZE mask
SET OUTPUT CURSOR aD c, w, h, ox, oy
NEW PICTURE END PICTURE FLUSH BUFFERS SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER BAND type, x, y
SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask
END LIST -

control
control
control
control
control
control
control
control
control

2
4

1028
2308
3074
3332

SET OUTPUT CLIPPING REGION x, y, w, h
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE x, y, w, h
SET=OUTPUT_IDS w~ h
SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT x, y, w, h

transform
transform
transform
transform

770

2
1

3586
3841
4102

attributes
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE w, h
attributes
SET AREA TEXTURE a, c
attributes
SET-SECONDARY COLOR color
..
SET=COLOR_MAP=ENTRY m, color, r, g, b, mono
SET LINE TEXTURE length, pattern, size attributes
attributes
SET-PIXEL SIZE w, h, ox, oy
attributes
SET-PLANE-MASK mask
attributes
SET-PRIMARY COLOR color

1
5
24
28
53
72
128

1
6
0
0
0
3
1
0

9
12
13

3
14
15
16
17
19
20
21

Function

3
4
1
1

4355
4868

5121
5377

A-I

INSTRUCTIONS GROUPED BY FUNCTION
22
69
23
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
65
74

1
2

5633
17666

SET WRITING MODE mode
SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE w, h

attributes
attributes

3
3
2
2

5891
6400+N
6656+N
6915
7426
7682

DRAW_ARCs x, y, angle
DRAW LINES x, y, •••
DRAW-REL LINES dx, dy, •••
DRAW=REL_ARCS dx, dy, angle
SET POSITION x, Y
SET REL_POSITION dx, dy

drawing
drawing
drawing
drawing
drawing
drawing

o
o

7936
8192

BEGIN FILLED FIGURE END FILLED FIGURE -

filled figures
filled figures

8450
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER c, w, nw, nh
8704+N LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL c, w, dO, ••• dIS
8960+N DRAW CHARACTERS c, •••
9216
END DEFINE CHARACTER 9474
LOAD_BY_NAME name_O, name_1
9729
SET ALPHABET a
SET-CELL DISPLAY SIZE w, h
10242
SET-CELL-EXPLICIT MOVEMENT dx, dy
10498
SET-CELL-MOVEMENT-MODE flag
10753
SET-CELL-RENDITION flags
11009
SET-CELL-ROTATION angle
11265
SET-CELL-UNIT SIZE w, h
11522
11780
CREATE ALPHABET w, h, extent, type
16641
SET CELL OBLIQUE angle
18944+N DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS 2charindex,

text
text
text
text
text (RAD50)
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text

N
N

2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
4

1
N

48
52
141

o
2
6

12288
13314
-29434

ERASE- CLIPPING- REGION SCROLL CLIPPING REGION dx, dy
PRINT_SCREEN x,-y, w, h, hx, hy

area
area
area

54
55
57
58
71

o
o
o
o
o

13824
14080
14592
14848
18176

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE
REQUEST-STATUS-REQUEST VERSION_NUMBER

reports
reports
reports
reports
reports

A.2

INSTRUCTIONS IN OPCODE ORDER

Opcode
Instruction and Arguments
Length
Opcode Word
000
1 1 257
3 2 770

NOP INITIALIZE mask
SET AREA TEXTURE SIZE w, h
A-2

Function

control
control
attributes

INSTRUCTIONS IN OPCODE ORDER
4
5
6
9

12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
43

44
45
46
48
52
53
54
55
57
58
65
69
71
72
74
128
141

4
6

o
4
2

4
2
1
6

3
4
1
1
1
3

N
N

o
2
2

o
o
4
N
N

o
2
1
2
2

1
1
1
2
4

o
2

o
o
o
o
1
2

o
1

°
6

1028
SET OUTPUT CLIPPING REGION x, y, w, h
1286
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR a, c, w, h, ox, oy
1536
NEW PICTURE 2308
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE x, y, w, h
3074
SET-OUTPUT IDS w~ h
3332
SET=OUTPUT-VIEWPORT x, y, w, h
3586
SET AREA TEXTURE a, c
SET-SECONDARY COLOR color
3841
4102
SET COLOR MAP ENTRY m, color, r, g, b,
4355
SET-LINE TEXTURE length, pattern, size
4868
SET-PIXEL SIZE w, h, ox, oy
SET-PLANE-MASK mask
5121
SET-PRIMARY COLOR color
5377
5633
SET WRITING MODE mode
5891
DRAW_ARCS x, y, angle
6144
END PICTURE 6400+N DRAW LINES x, y, •.•
6656+N DRAW-REL LINES dx, dy,
6915
DRAW-REL-ARCS dx, dy, angle
7168
FLUSH BUFFER 7426
SET POSITION x, Y
SET-REL POSITION dx, dy
7682
7936
BEGIN FILLED FIGURE 8192
END FILLED FIGURE 8452
BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER c, w, nw, nh
8704+N LOAD CHARACTER CELL c, w, dO, ••• dIS
8960+N DRAW-CHARACTERS c, •••
9216
END DEFINE CHARACTER 9474
LOAD_BY_NAME name_O, name_1
9729
SET ALPHABET a
SET-CELL DISPLAY SIZE w, h
10242
SET-CELL-EXPLICIT MOVEMENT dx, dy
10498
SET-CELL-MOVEMENT-MODE flag
10753
SET-CELL-RENDITION flags
11009
SET-CELL-ROTATION angle
11265
SET-CELL-UNIT SIZE w, h
11522
11780
CREATE ALPHABET w, hi extent, type
12288
ERASE CLIPPING REGION SCROLL CLIPPING REGION dx, dy
13314
SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND type, x, y
13571
13824
REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD 14080
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION 14592
REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE
14848
REQUEST STATUS 16641
SET CELL OBLIQUE angle
SET-AREA-CELL SIZE w, h
17666
REQUEST VERSION NUMBER 18176
SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask
18433
18944+N DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS 2charindex,
-32768 END LIST -29434 PRINT SCREEN x, y, w, h, hx, hy

A-3

transform
control
control
transform
transform
transform
attributes
attributes
mono
"
attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
drawing
control
drawing
drawing
drawing
control
drawing
drawing
filled figures
filled figures
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
area
area
control
reports
reports
reports
reports
text
attributes
report
control
text
control
area

INSTRUCTIONS IN ALPHABETIC ORDER
A.3

INSTRUCTIONS IN ALPHABETIC ORDER

Opcode
Instruction and Arguments
Length
Opcode Word

Function

33
31

text
filled figures
text
drawing
text
drawing
text
drawing
drawing
text
filled figures
control
control
area
control
control
text
text
control
control
area
reports
reports
reports
reports
report
area
text
attributes
attributes
attributes
text
text
text
text
text
text
text
mono
"
transform
attributes
transform
control

23
35
25
74
27
26
36
32
128
24
48
28
1

o
4
3
N
N
N

3
N

o
o
o
a
a
o

37
34
6

2
N

141
54
55
57
58
71
52
38
69
14
3
40
41
42
65
43
44
45
16

o
o o

o
o
o
o
o
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
6
4

4
5

4
6

8452
BEGIN_DEFINE CHARACTER c, w, nh, nw
7936
BEGIN FILLED FIGURE 11780
CREATE ALPHABET w, h, extent, type
5891
DRAW ARCS x, y, angle
8960+N DRAW_CHARACTERS c, •••
6400+N DRAW LINES x, y, •••
18944+N DRAW-PACKED CHARACTERS 2charindex,
DRAW-REL ARCS dx, dy, angle
6915
6656+N DRAW-REL-LINES dx, dy,
9216
END- DEFINE- CHARACTER 8192
END FILLED FIGURE -32768 END-LIST 6144
END PICTURE ERASE CLIPPING REGION 12288
FLUSH-BUFFER 7168
INITIALIZE mask
257
LOAD
BY NAME name 0, name 1
9474
LOAD
CHARACTER
CELL c, w,-dO, ••. dl5
8704+N
1536
NEW PICTURE NOP o
-29434 PRINT SCREEN x, y, w, h, hx, hy
REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD 13824
REQUEST CURRENT POSITION 14080
REQUEST=OUTPUT_SIZE
14592
14848
REQUEST STATUS 18176
REQUEST VERSION NUMBER SCROLL CLIPPING-REGION dx, dy
13314
SET ALPHABET a
9729
SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE w, h
17666
SET_AREA_TEXTURE a, c
3586
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE w, h
770
SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE w, h
10242
SET-CELL-EXPLICIT MOVEMENT dx, dy
10498
SET-CELL-MOVEMENT-MODE
flag
10753
SET-CELL-OBLIQUE angle
16641
SET-CELL-RENDITION flags
11009
SET-CELL-ROTATION angle
11265
SET-CELL-UNIT SIZE w, h
11522
SET-COLOR MAP-ENTRY m, color, r, g, b,
4102
SET GIDIS-OUTPUT SPACE x, y, w, h
2308
SET LINE TEXTURE length, pattern, size
4355
SET-OUTPUT CLIPPING REGION x, y, w, h
1028
1286
SET-OUTPUT=CURSOR a~ c, w, h, ox, oy
A-4

INSTRUCTIONS IN ALPHABETIC ORDER
72
12
53
13

1
2
3
4

20
29
21
30
15
22

2
1
2

1
1

18433
3074
13571
3332
4868
5121
7426
5377
7682
3841
5633

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION mask
SET=OUTPUT=IDS w,-h
SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND type, x, y
SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT x, y, w, h
SET-PIXEL SIZE w, h, ox, oy
SET-PLANE-MASK mask
SET-POSITION x, y
SET-PRIMARY COLOR color
SET-REL POSITION dx, dy
SET-SECONDARY COLOR color
SET-WRITING MODE mode

A-5

control
transform
control
transform
attributes
attributes
drawing
attributes
drawing
attributes
attributes

REPORT TAGS
A.4

REPORT TAGS

Opcode
Report Tag
Length
Opcode Word
1
2

2
9

258
521

4
5

1025
1284
1794

Arguments

CURRENT POSITION REPORT x, Y
OUTPUT SIZE REPORT
ulx, uly,
screen width,
Screen-height,
total width,
total-height,
resolution x,
resolution-y,
total plane mask
STATUS REPORT
code CELL STANDARD REPORT uw, uh, dw, dh
VERSION NUMBER REPORT code, version

A-6

Function

report tags
report tags

report tags
report tags
report tags

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

DEC MultlnallOnal Character Set (C 1 and GR COdeS)

1
0

0
0

200
128
80

DCS

220
144
90

201
129
81

PU1

221
145
91

202
130
82

PU2

203
131
83

STS

IND

204
132
84

CCH 148

NEL

205
133
85

225
149
95

SSA

206
134
86

SPA

226
150
96

ESA

207
135
87

EPA

227
151
97

HTS

210
136
88

HTJ

240
160
AO

241
161
Al

222
146
92

242
162
A2

223
147
93

243
163
A3

224

261
177
Bl

262
178
82

302
194
C2

303
195
C3

304
196
C4

324
212
04

263
179
B3

••

301
193
Cl

,
A

321
20'9
01
322
210
02
323
211
03

BITS

b6
b5
b4 b3 b2 bl

I--

340
224
EO

360
240
FO

361
241
Fl

362
242
F2

363
243
F3

341
225
El

ROW

342
226
E2

343
227
E3

344
228
E4

364
244
F4

365
245
F5

366
246
F6

6
7

..a

,
II

-..

f.J,

265
181
B5

305
197
C5

325
213
05

345
229
E5

246
166
A6

266
182
86

306
198
C6

••
0

326
214
06

346
230
E6

267
183
B7

307
199
C7

327
215
07

347
231
E7

367
247
F7

330
216
08

350
232
E8

f/1

370
248
F8

371
249
F9

372
250
FA

373
251
FB

374
252
FC

375
253
FD

376
254
FE

377
255
FF

1 1

247
167
A7

230
152
98

:n:

250
168
A8

211
137
89

231
153
99

251
169
A9

VTS

212
138
8A

232
154
9A

252
170
AA

PLD

213
139
8B

CSI

233
155
9B

PLU

214
140
8C

215
141
80

SS2
SS3

271
185
89

272
186
BII

273
187
BB

234
156
9C

254
172
AC

114

274
188
BC

OSC

235
157
90

255
173
AO

112

275
189
BO

216
142
8E

236
158
9E

256
174
AE

217
143
8F

APC

237
159
9F

257
175
AF

i..

270
184
B8

253
171
A8

320'
208
00

b7
1

245
165
A5

300
192
CO

264
180
B4

244
164
A4

260
176
80

b8
1

COLUMN

1
1

0
1

,
A,

••
E

,
I

276
190'
BE

277
191
BF

••

310
200
C8

311
201
C9

312
202
CA

351
233
E9

332
218
OA

352
234
EA

333
219
DB

314
204
CC

••
U

334
220
OC

315
205
CO

••

335
221
00

316
206
CE
317
207
CF

336
222
OE

337
223
OF

1__
GR CODES
r
- C1 CODES-----<·~,...• - - - - - - ( D E C SUPPLEMENTAL
GRAPHICS)

B-3

331
217
09

313
203
CB

..e
,
I

,
I
II

..
I

353
235
EB
354
236
EC
355
237
EO

,
U

,
U
II

..
..Y
U

356
238
EE
357
239
EF

APPENDIX C
ALPHABET DATA STRUCTURE

This Appendix describes the Alphabet Data Structure
the LOAD BY NAME instruction.

required

Key:
name address 'name'
<name> contents of word at address 'name'
1.

Header information (word wide)
Header information must start at the beginning of the region.
Word 0 in the region is al$mag.
name
description
al $mag
al-$str
al-$siz
al-$tot

magic number -- must be 16473 (decimal)
structure version number -- 102 (decimal)
size of header (bytes) -total size of this entire data structure (bytes)
(PRO/GIDIS 2.0 -- This must be <= 8KB)
flags -- reserved

al $wid

maximum width (bits)
( <al $wid> + 7 ) / 8 bytes)
(Must-be 0 to 16, inclusive. If this width is 0 to
8, then the font information is stored in byte wide
cells.
If 9 to 16, the font information
is stored in word-wide cells.

al $nom

nominal width (bits). Used as the 'alphabet width' for
scaling. (Must be equal to <al_$wid>.
height (bits)
(0 to 16, inclusive)
index of first character represented in this alphabet
extent of alphabet -- the number of characters represented i
this alphabet. There is no specific limit,

al_$hgt
al $fst
al-$ext

C-1

ALPHABET DATA STRUCTURE

al_$ptr
al $wdt
al $fnt
al=$orp
al $orw
2.

but the entire structure must fit in 1 APR (8KB).
offset from al_$mag to pointer table. Pointer table MUS1
PRESENT.
offset from al_$mag to actual width table. Not used, reservec
offset from al $mag to start of font data. MUST BE PRESENT.
offset from <aT $fnt) to out of range character font data
(optional -- if -1 then PRO/GIDIS substitutes its own
out of range character)
actual width of out=of_rangecharacter - reserved

Pointer table (word wide)
<al_$pnt)
offset from <al $fnt) to the font information for
the character with index <al $fst)
<al_$pnt) + 2
offset from <al $fnt) to the font information for
the character with index <al $fst) + 1
<al_$ptr) + 2 *

( <al $ext) - 1)
offset from <al $fnt> to the font information for
the last character in the alphabet

If the 'offset' value is -1, then treat the character
it were out of range.
3.

Font information (byte or word wide table, starts on 64
byte boundary)
This data starts at <al$fnt). All pointers to this block are
relative to the start of this block.
Font information is stored for byte wide cells as:
left portion

right portion
+---------------------)
( +1)

. .(+n).

7
7

6
6

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

0
0

top scan line
next to top scan

bottom scan line

+--- pointer in <al_$ptr)

C-2

ALPHABET DATA STRUCTURE
Font information is stored for word wide cells as:
right portion of character
+--) 15 14 13 12 11 10
(+2) 15 14 13 12 11 10

9
9

8
8

7
7

6
6

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

0
0

(+2n)15 14 13 12 11 10

...

+--- pointer in <al_$ptr)

left portion
top scan line
next to top scant
lin
bottom scan line

. . ,.

Word wide cells MUST BE ON WORD BOUNDARIES. We recommend the
font table be set up with all word wide cells before any byte
wide cells, especially with an odd height.
PRO/GIDIS will
only support alphabets with total sizes less than 1 APR's
worth (8KB).
Although the header is the only entity required to be in a
fixed place, we strongly recommend that the font information
be last and on a 64 byte boundary, so
that
future
implementations could use 1 APR to map the header information
and 1 APR to map the font data. Our suggested ordering:
•

header (at the start of the partition)

•

pointer table and actual width table (in either order)

•

font table (on a 64 byte boundary) (word wide cells
byte wide cells)

C-3

then

APPENDIX D
GLOSSARY

The words in this glossary are used throughout this manual.
These definitions are not absolute and might differ somewhat in
other contexts.
Where possible, the most common
computer
industry usage is the basis of the definition.
ALPHABET
An alphabet is a collection of characters.
The component
characters are numbered O,l, ••• n-l, where n is the extent of the
alphabet.
ALPHABET ATTRIBUTE
An attribute that applies
supports
storage
width
attributes.

PRO/GIDIS
to an entire alphabet.
and height as its only alphabet

ANISOTROPIC
Not isotropic. In an anisotropic coordinate space, one unit
the X direction is not equal to one unit in the Y direction.

AREA TEXTURE
A binary pattern used to

shade areas.
In PRO/GIDIS this is
selected from a normal character alphabet. Area texture includes
size parameters (specified independently)
to determine
the
appearance of the pattern.

ASPECT RATIO
The ratio of the width of an object to its height. Objects whose
aspect ratio are important in graphics include video displays,
rectangular extents (picture aspect ratio), and
addressing
spaces.

D-l

GLOSSARY
ATTRIBUTE
A particular property that applies to a display element (output
primitive), such as character height, line texture, and so forth.
BITMAP
The rectangular array of pixels (picture elements)
that is
displayed on the Professional's video screen. Also known as
raster or frame buffer. The Professional has a bitmap 960 pixels
wide by 240 pixels high, and either one or three planes deep.
CHARACTER
A character is a two-dimensional pattern made up of two "colors"
or pixel states. A character is an element in an alphabet and is
specified by an identifying tuple (alphabet number, character
number).
CHARACTER CELL
(See display cell or unit cell.)
CLIPPING
The drawing of only those parts of display
inside a given extent (the clipping region).

elements

that

lie

COLOR
A "real color" is a particular shade of light described in terms
of its red, green, blue, and monochrome components. The color
map can contain up to eight different real colors at one time.
A "logical color" is a value that represents an index into the
color map. PRO/GIDIS draws images by storing either the primary
or secondary logical color in pixels.
COLOR MAP
A table with entries that contain the values of the red, green
and blue intensities of a particular color. This table is used
to convert logical color to real color.

CURRENT POSITION
The position from which lines, arcs, and
drawn.

D-2

characters

are

GLOSSARY
CURSOR
A visual representation of the current position.
DISPLAY CELL
In text processing, the display cell is that area of the screen
that a character should take up. The character pattern itself
resides within a unit celli any portion of the display cell not
covered by the unit cell is treated as though the pattern is OFF
for that area.
If the unit cell is larger than the display cell,
the unit cell is clipped at the display cell borders.
DISPLAY ELEMENT
A basic graphic element that can be used to construct a display
image.
(also known as a graphic primitive).
The display
elements for PRO/GIDIS are:
lines, characters,
filled figures,
and arcs.
FILLED FIGURE
A GIDIS display element consisting of a polygon which
with a two-color pattern.

filled

GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE (GOS)
An application-specified coordinate space used by all drawing and
report operations in PRO/GIDIS. A location within the PRO/GIDIS
output space maps to a location within the viewport on the
screen.
GLOBAL SYMMETRY
Preservation of GIDIS Output Space relationships at the expense
of Hardware Address Space relationships. For example, suppose
that a ten-unit distance in GOS maps to 7.5 units in HAS.
With
global symmetry,
repeatedly moving ten GOS units results in a
move of seven HAS units, then eight has units, then seven, and so
forth.
Local symmetry always would move seven HAS units each
time. PRO/GIDIS, version 1.7, supports global symmetry for the
SET REL POSITION,
DRAW REL LINES,
DRAW REL ARC and for cell
movement
after
DRAW CHARACTERS
or
DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS
instructions.
HARDWARE ADDRESS SPACE (HAS)
A coordinate space (possibly anisotropic)
used by the graphic
hardware device.
GIDIS hides this space from your program, and
addresses the hardware through an Imposed Device Space or GIDIS
Output Space.
D-3

GLOSSARY
IMPOSED DEVICE SPACE (IDS)

A coordinate space imposed on the hardware by your program.
An
Imposed Device Space requests PRO/GIDIS to simulate the requested
device in terms of aspect ratio and addressing space.
IDS is
used only to set the viewport. All other coordinates and sizes
are in GIDIS Output Space.
ISOTROPIC

In an isotropic coordinate space one unit in the X
equal to one unit in the Y direction.

direction

LINE TEXTURE

A linear pattern used to help distinguish lines.
Examples are
solid, dashed, dotted,
and so forth.
PRO/GIDIS supports a
two-color (binary) up to 16 units in length.
LOCAL SYMMETRY

Preservation of Hardware Address Space relationships at the
expense of GIDIS Output Space relationships. For example, assume
a ten-unit distance in GIDIS output space maps to 7.5 units in
hardware coordinate space.
Local symmetry always would move
seven hardware units each time. With global symmetry, repeatedly
moving ten GIDIS output space units results in a move of seven
hardware units, then eight hardware units,
then seven, and so
forth.
PRO/GIDIS supports local symmetry for unit cells, display
cells, and cell movement (implicit and explicit).
ORIGIN

The origin of an address space is the point [0,0]. In PRO/GIDIS,
the origin of IDS space is always the upper left corner of the
screen. The origin of GIDIS output space is set by your program.
The origin of a character cell (either display cell or unit cell)
is the point in the cell placed over the current position. This
is also the point about which the cell rotates. For P/OS, VI.7,
the character cell origin always is the upper left corner.
OUTPUT SPACE

(See GIDIS output space.)

D-4

GLOSSARY

PICTURE ASPECT RATIO
The ratio of the width of a picture to the height.
This is
normally expressed as two small numbers, such as 4:3. The
picture aspect ratio on the Professional 350 monitor is 8:5.
In
this context, "picture" means a rectangular extent in an address
space.
PIXEL (PICTURE ELEMENT)
The smallest element of a display surface that can be assigned
color or intensity.

PIXEL ASPECT RATIO
The ratio of the width of a pixel to the height.
The width is
the horizontal distance between adjacent pixels and the height is
the vertical distance. Pixel aspect ratio is normally expressed
as two small numbers, e.g. 1:2. The pixel aspect ratio on the
Professional 350 monitor is 1:2.5 or 2:5.
PLANE
A plane is a portion of a bitmap that contains one bit for each
pixel.
The Professional 350 has either one plane (without EBO)
or three planes (with E80).
PRIMARY COLOR
The primary color is that logical
indicate the presence of an image.

color

generally

used

RUBBER BAND
There are two types of rubber band available in PRO/GIDrSi
the
rubber band line and the rubber band rectangle.
The line
stretches from the base position to the current position.
The
rectangle has one corner at the base position and the opposite
corner at the current position. The rectangle will degenerate to
a line or point if the current position and base position are the
same in one or both coordinates.
SECONDARY COLOR
The secondary color is that logical
indicate the absence of an image.
STANDARD DISPLAY SIZE

D-5

color

generally

used

GLOSSARY
The standard display size is normally equal to the standard unit
size.
However, for alphabet 0, rotation 0, the standard display
size is slightly smaller (horizontally) than the standard unit
size. This is for increased compatibility with the VT12S.
STANDARD UNIT SIZE

The standard unit size depends on the alphabet width and height
and the rotation angle.
It is the size in GIDIS Output Space
coordinates of the character displayed when one bit of the
character pattern maps to exactly one pixel in the bitmap.

INDEX

-AAddress space
in Viewing Transformation, 1-6
Alphabet
and REQUEST CELL STANDARD, 10-4
creating, 1=26 definition, D-l
description, 1-25
reset state, 3-5 to 3-6
user-defined, 1-26
Alphabet attribute
definition, D-l
Anisotropic
definition, D-l
Arcs
drawing, 6-7, 6-9
Area cell size
setting, 5-12
Area operation
description, 1-31
purpose, 1-5
Area texture
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-5
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-2
definition, D-ldescription, 1-21
reset state, 3-4 to 3-5
setting, 5-10
taken from line texture, 5-10
Area texture cell size
description, 1-22
Area texture size
description, 1-22
setting, 5-11
Aspect ratio
definition, D-l
description, 1-7
Attribute
definition, D-2

-BBackslant
see cell rendition

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER
reference description, 8-5
BEGIN FILLED FIGURE
aborted by-initialization, 3-3
general description, 1-14
reference description, 7-1
Bitmap
and NEW PICTURE, 3-7
definition, D-2
description, 1-15

-CCartesian Coordinate System
use of, 1-6
Cell display size
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-6
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-3
description, 1-29
reset state, 3-4 to 3-5
Cell movement
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-6
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-3
description, 1-29
reset state, 3-4 to 3-5
Cell oblique
description, 1-29
reset state, 3-5
Cell rendition
description, 1-28
reset state, 3-5
Cell rotation
description, 1-28
reset state, 3-5
Cell unit size
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-6
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-3
description, 1-29
reset state, 3-4 to 3-5
CGL
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-2
when to use, 1-3
Character
definition, D-2

Index-l

INDEX
Character cell
definition, D-2
Character rotation
and REQUEST CELL STANDARD, 10-4
Clipping
definition, D-2
Clipping region
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-5
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-2
and window, I-II
description, 1-9
erasing, 9-1
in viewing transformation, 1-7
reset state, 3-4
setting, 4-6
Color
attributes, 1-15
definition, D-2
Color map
and complement mode, 1-18
definition, D-2
description, 1-16
interaction with plane mask,
5-6
reset state, 3-6
setting, 5-3
values, 5-4
Complement mode
description, 1-17
effect on filled figure, 1-22,
7-3
effect on line texture, 1-20
effect on lines, 6-4
effect on pixel size, 5-8
Complement negate mode
description, 1-18
effect on filled figure, 7-3
effect on lines, 6-4
Control instruction
purpose, 1-4
CORE Graphics Library
see CGL
CREATE ALPHABET
in aTphabet creation, 1-26
reference description, 8-3
Current pattern
description, 1-17
Current position
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT_SPACE, 4-5

Current position (Cont.)
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-2
after DRAW ARCS~ 6-8 definition-; 0-2
description, 1-13
reporting, 1-32, 10-1
reset state, 3-4
setting, 6-1 to 6-2
Cursor
affected by
SET GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE, 4-5
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-2
definition, 0-3purpose of, 1-13
reset state, 3-6
selecting built-in, 3-9
setting. 3-8
Curve attribute
description, 1-19
-D-

DEC Multinational Character Set
as alphabet 0, 1-26
Display cell
definition, 0-3
reporting, 10-3
Display element
definition, D-3
DRAW ARCS
and REQUEST CURRENT POSITION,
10-2
general description, 1-14
reference description, 6-7
DRAW CHARACTERS
and END LIST, 3-13
and REQUEST CURRENT POSITION,
10-2
general description, 1-15
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
parameter block, 2-7
reference description, 8-16
DRAW LINES
and END LIST, 3-13
general-description, 1-14
parameter block, 2-7
reference description, 6-3
DRAW PACKED CHARACTERS
reference-description, 8-18
DRAW REL ARCS
general description, 1-14

Index-2

INDEX
DRAW REI. ARCS (Cant.)
reference description, 6-9
DRAW REI. LINES
and END LIST, 3-13
general-description, 1-14
parameter block, 2-7
reference description, 6-5
Drawing instruction
general description, 1-13
purpose, 1-4
$DSW variable
values of, 2-4 to 2-5

-EEBO
description, 1-16
END DEFINE CHARACTER
reference description, 8-7
END FILLED FIGURE
general description, 1-14
reference description, 7-2
END LIST
and DRAW LINES, 6-3
function-of, 2-7
general description, 1-6
reference description, 3-13
END PICTURE
general description, 1-5
reference description, 3-7
use of, 3-6
Erase mode
description, 1-19
Erase negate mode
description, 1-19
ERASE CLIPPING REGION
general description, 1-31
reference description, 9-1
Error
in instruction stream, 2-8
Explicit movement
description, 1-31
Extended Bitmap Option
see EBO
Extent
and picture aspect ratio, 1-8
description, 1-7

-FFilled figure
and DRAW LINES, 6-3
defining-; 7-1
definition, D-3
effect on DRAW ARCS, 6-8
ending, 7-2
in complement mode, 1-18
instructions, 1-14
purpose, 1-5
shading to line or point, 1-22
Filled figure attribute
description, 1-21
F'LUSH BUFFERS
and-END PICTURE, 3-7
general-description, 1-5
reference description, 3-8
FORTRAN-77
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
2-6
sample program, 2-9
symbol name restrictions, 2-3
use of with PRO/GIDIS, 2-1

-GGIDIS Output Space
see GOS
GIGI
and ReGIS, 1-2
Global attribute
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-5
and SET-OUTPUT IDS, 4-1
purpose-; 1-4 Global symmetry
and SET REL POSITION, 6-2
definition,-D-3
GOS
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS, 4-2
bounds of, 1-8
definition, D-3
description, 1-8
in viewing transformation, 1-6A
reset state, 3-4
setting, 4-4
unit aspect ratio, 1-8
Index-3

INDEX
-H-

Italic
see cell rendition

Hardware Address Space
see HAS
HAS
definition, D-3
general description, 1-11
in viewing transformation, 1-7
unit aspect ratio, 1-8
-1-

I/O Status Block
values of, 2-4, 2-6
IDS
definition, D-4
description, 1-10
in viewing transformation, 1-6A
reset state, 3-3
setting, 4-1
unit aspect ratio, 1-8, 1-10
Implied movement
description, 1-29
Imposed Device Space
see IDS
INITIALIZE
and RIS, 2-3
effect on filled figure, 7-2
general description, 1-5
reference description, 3-1
Instruction syntax
description, 2-6, 2-8
IO.RSD function code
format, 2-5
in QIO, 2-1
use of, 1-32, 2-4, 2-6
IO.WLB function code
and VTI02 Emulator, 2-1
IO.WSD function code
format, 2-4
in QIO, 2-1
use of, 2-3 to 2-4
IO.WVB function code
and VTI02 Emulator, 2-1
Isotropic
definition, D-4
Isotropic mapping
description, 1-8
IDS to HAS, 1-10
window to viewport, 1-9

-L-

Line
drawing, 6-3, 6-5
Line attribute
description, 1-19
Line texture
affected by
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE, 4-5
affected by SET OUTPUT IDS, 4-2
definition, D-4description, 1-19 to 1-20
reset state, 3-4 to 3-5
setting, 5-9
LOAD BY NAME
reference description, 8-9
LOAD CHARACTER CELL
and END LIST~ 3-13
in alphabet creation, 1-27
parameter block, 2-7
reference description, 8-4
Local symmetry
definition, D-4

-MMACRO-II
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
2-6
sample program, 2-8
use of with PRO/GIDIS, 2-1

-NNEW PICTURE
general description, 1-5
reference description, 3-6
NOP
general description, 1-6
reference description, 3-13
-0-

Opcode
function of, 2-6
Opcode word
format, 2-6

Index-4

INDEX
Origin
definition, D-4
Output space
definition, D-4
Overflow
avoiding, 1-8
Overlay mode
description, 1-18
Overlay negate mode
description, 1-18

010 (Cant.)
FORTRAN-77 routine, 2-1
QIOW
see QIO
Queue I/O Request
see Qro
-R-

-pParameter block
fixed length, 2-7
format, 2-7
variable length, 2-7
PASCAL
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
2-7
Picture aspect ratio
definition, D-5
description, 1-8
Pixel
addressing individual, 1-13
definition, D-5
Pixel aspect ratio
definition, D-S
Pixel size
description, 1-20
setting, 5-7
Plane
definition, D-5
description, 1-15
Plane mask
reset state, 3-5
setting, 5-4
Primary color
definition, D-5
description, 1-16
reset state, 3-5
setting, 5-1
PRINT SCREEN
general description, 1-31
reference description, 9-2

-0OlO
access to PRO/GIDIS, 2-1, 2-9
expansion forms, 2-3

Read Special Data
see IO.RSD
ReGIS
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-2
when to use, 1-4
Remote Graphics Instruction Set
see ReGIS
Replace mode
description, 1-18
effect on line texture, 1-20
effect on pixel size, 5-8
Replace negate mode
description, 1-19
Report
format, 1-32
Report handling
description, 1-31
Report instruction
purpose, 1-5
REQUEST CELL STANDARD
and IO.RSD-; 2-4
general description, 1-32
reference description, 10-3
REQUEST CURRENT POSITION
a.nd IO.RSD, 2=4
general description, 1-32
reference description, 10-1
REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE
general description, 1-32
reference description, 10-4
REQUEST STATUS
and IO.RSD, 2-4
general description, 1-32
reference description, 10-2
REQUEST VERSION NUMBER
general description, 1-32
reference description, 10-5
Reset to Initial State (RIS)
use of, 2-3
RIS (Reset) escape sequence
use of, 2-3

Index-5

INDEX
Rubber band
definition, D-5
-SScreen
printing, 9-2
SCROLL CLIPPING REGION
general description, 1-31
reference description, 9-3
Scrolling
by VTI02 Emulator, 2-3
SD.GDS parameter
use of, 2-4 to 2-5
Secondary color
definition, D-5
description, 1-16
reset state, 3-5
setting, 5-2
Secondary color and NEW_PICTURE,
3-6
SET ALPHABET
general description, 1-25
in alphabet creation, 1-26
reference description, 8-2
SET AREA CELL SIZE
general description, 1-22
reference description, 5-12
SET AREA TEXTURE
effect-on area cell size, 5-12
general description, 1-21
reference description, 5-10
SET AREA TEXTURE SIZE
general description, 1-22
reference description, 5-11
SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE
general description, 1-29
reference description, 8-14
SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT
general description, 1-29
reference description, 8-15
SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE
general description, 1-29
reference description, 8-15
SET CELL OBLIQUE
general description, 1-29
reference description, 8-12
SET CELL RENDITION
general description, 1-28
reference description, 8-10

SET CELL ROTATION
general description, 1-28
reference description, 8-11
SET CELL UNIT SIZE
general description, 1-29
reference description, 8-13
SET COLOR MAP ENTRY
general-description, 1-16
reference description, 5-3
SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE
effect on clipping region, 1-9
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
purpose, 1-8
reference description, 4-4
SET LINE TEXTURE
general description, 1-19
reference description, 5-9
SET OUTPUT CLIPPING REGION
general description, 1-9
reference description, 4-6
SET OUTPUT CURSOR
general description, 1-6
reference description, 3-8
SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION
general description, 1-6, 3-10
SET OUTPUT IDS
general aescription, 1-10
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
reference description, 4-1
SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND
general description, 1-6, 3-11
SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT
general description, 1-11
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
reference description, 4-3
SET PIXEL SIZE
effect on line texture, 1-20
general description, 1-20
reference description, 5-7
SET PLANE MASK
and VTI02 Emulator, 2-3
general description, 1-16
reference description, 5-4
SET POSITION
general description, 1-14
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
reference description, 6-1
SET PRIMARY COLOR
general description, 1-16
reference description, 5-1

Index-6

INDEX
SET REL POSITION
general description, 1-14
invalid in filled figure, 7-2
reference description, 6-2
SET SECONDARY COLOR
general description, 1-16
reference description, 5-2
SET WRITING MODE
reference-description, 5-7
Standard display size
definition, D-5
reporting, 1-32
Standard unit size
definition, D-6
reporting, 1-32
Status
in error condition, 2-8
reporting, 1-32, 10-2
SYSLIB
as source of QIO routine, 2-1
module QIOSYM, 2-3
-TTerminal emulator
see VT102 Emulator
see VT125 Emulator
Text
instruction, 1-15
Text attribute
description, 1-25
Text instruction
purpose, 1-5
Transparent mode
description, 1-17
Transparent negate mode
description, 1-17

-uunit aspect ratio
description, 1-7
of GOS, 1-8
of HAS, 1-8
of IDS, 1-8

unit cell
definition, 0-7
reporting, 10-3
-VVideo monitor
color, 1-12
monochrome, I-II
Viewing transformation
definition, D-7
description, 1-6, 1-13
process, 1-12
purpose, 1-4
Viewport
affected by SET OUTPUT_IDS, 4-2
definition, 0-7description, 1-11
in viewing transformation, 1-7
reset state, 3-4
setting, 4-3
VTI02 Emulator
interaction with PRO/GIDIS, 2-2
to 2-3
use of planes, 5-5
use of with PRO/GIOIS, 2-1
VT125 Emulator
use of, 1-4
VT125 terminal
and ReGIS, 1-2

-wWindow
and clipping region, 1-11
definition, D-7
description, 1-8
in Viewing Transformation, 1-7
write Special Data
see IO.WSD
Writing mode
see also individual modes
description, 1-16, 1-19
interaction with plane mask,
5-5
reset state, 3-5
setting, 5-7

Index-7

PRO/GIGIS Manual
Order No. AA-Y660A-TK
AD- Y660A-T1

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PRO/GIDIS Manual
AD-Y660A-T1

April 1984

Insert this page in the PRO/GIDIS Manual to
maintain an up-to-date record of changes to
the manual.

NEW AND CHANGED INFORMATION

This update reflects software changes and additions made in P/OS Version
2.0. Also included are additional corrections to the documentation.

INSTRUCTIONS

Add the following pages to the PRO/GIDIS Manual as replacements for or
additions to current pages. The technical changes made on replacement
pages are indicated in the outside margin by change bars. Text deleted on
replacement pages are indicated in the outside margin by bullets. Changes
of an editorial nature are not marked.

OLD PAGE

Title page/copyright page
iii through ix
1-5, 1-6
1-13,1-14
1-17,1-18
1-25 through 1-32

NEW PAGE

Title page/copyright page
iii through xi
1-5 through 1-6.1
1-13, 1-14
1-17,1-18
1-25 through 1-32

2-7, 2-8
3-1 through 3-4
3-9 through
2
4-3, 4-4
6-1 tllrough 6-4

7-4
Grlapter 8
9-3, 9-4
Chapter 10
Appendix A
8-3, 8-4
Appendix C
Index
Reader's Comments/Mailer

2-7, 2-8
3-1 through 3-4
3-9 through 3-13
4-3,4-4
6-1 through 6-4
7-3, 7-4
Chapter 8
9-3, 9-4
Chapter 10
Appendix A
B-3, Blank
Appendix C/Appendix D
Index
Reader's Comments/Mailer