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AA-HJ45A-TK

November 1985

242 pages

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Document:	PRO/GIDIS Manual
Order Number:	AA-HJ45A-TK
Revision:	0
Pages:	242
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/pro3xx/POS/AA-HJ45A-TK_PRO_GIDIS_Manual_198511.pdf

OCR Text

PRO/GIDIS Manual
Order No. AA-HJ45A-TK

November 1985

This document describes PRO/GIDIS, DIGITAL'S General
Image Display Instruction Set. as implemented for the
PRO/Tool Kit. It is a user guide and reference manual
for programmers developing graphics applications for the
Professional.

REQUIRED SOFTWARE:

Professional Host Tool Kit V3.0
or PRO/Tool Kit V3.0

OPERATING SYSTEM:

P/OS V3.0
or RT-11 V5.2

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754-2571

First Printing, December 1983
Updated, April 1984
Revised, November 1985

The information in this document is subject to change without
notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital
Equipment Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a
license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the
terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed
software on equipment that
affiliated companies.

for
the use or reliability o~
is not supplied by DIGITAL or its

herein,
are the property of
The specifications and drawings,
Digital Equipment Corporation and shall not be reproduced or
the
copied or used in whole or in part as the basis for
manufacture or sale of items without written permission.
Copyright © 1985 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
CTI BUS
DEC
DECmate
DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DECUS
DECwriter
DIBOL

~DmDDmDTM

MASSBUS

PDP
P/OS
PRO/BASIC
PRO/Communications
Professional
PRO/FMS
PRO/RMS
PROSE
PROSE PLUS

Rainbow
RSTS
RSX
Tool Kit
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

CONTENTS
PREFACE

CHAPTER 1
1.1
1. 2
1. 2 .1
1. 2. 2
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2 .1.1
2 .1. 2
2 .1. 3
2 .1. 4
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10
2.2.11
2.2.12
2.2.13
2.2.14
CHAPTER 3
3.1
3. 2
3.3
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4 .1.1
4 .1. 2

. .

. . .

. . ix

INTRODUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
USES OF PRO/GIDIS
. . . .
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER P/OS GRAPHICS TOOLS
When to Use PRO/GIDIS
When Not to Use PRO/GIDIS

1-1
1-2
1-4
1-4

UNDERSTANDING PRO/GIDIS
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING
Viewing Transformation Instructions
Interactive Control Instructions
. . . .
Drawing Instructions . . . . . .
Attribute Instructions . . . . .
INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
. . . .
Picture Management Instructions
Interactive Control Instructions .
.
Drawing Instructions
The Current Position
Drawing Lines, Arcs, Filled Figures,
Characters, Images .
. ...
Drawing Attributes . . . . .
.
Writing Attributes .
.
Line and Curve Attributes
.
Filled Figure Attributes .
. ......
Text Attributes
..
Alphabets and Fonts
.
Font Files . . . . .
. ..
Dynamically Created Fonts
. .
Reports
. . . . . . . . . .
.

2-1
2-2
2-3
2- 5
2-5
2 -5
2-6
2-9
2-12
2-12
2-12
2-14
2-14
2-16
2-16
2-17
2-22
2-22
2-23
2-25

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
OPCODE BYTE . . . . . . . . . . . .
LENGTH BYTE AND THE ARGUMENT LIST
SYNTAX ERRORS

3-1
3-2
3-3

USING PRO/GIDIS WITH P/OS
THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)
GI OPEN
GIWRIT . . .
iii

4-1
4-3
4-4

4 .1. 3
4 .1. 4
4 .1. 5
4 .1. 6
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.2.9
4.2.10
4. 3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.4
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2

CHAPTER 5
5.1
5 .1.1
5 .1. 2
5 .1. 3
5 .1. 4
5 .1. 5
5 .1. 6
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3
5.4
CHAPTER 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8

GIREAD
GICLOS .
GI FONT
GI PLAY
DEVICES ACCESSED BY GIDCAL .
Disk File
LAS 0
. . . . . . . . .
LQP02
. . . . . . . .
LA100/LA210
. . . .
LVP16, HP7475, HP7470 Plotters .
Other Device . . . . .
Professional Video
LN03
. . . . .
Polaroid Palette
LQPO 3
. . . . . . . .
BUILDING A TASK WITH GIDCAL
Video GIDIS
Other GIDIS Drivers
ERROR REPORTING
SAMPLE P/OS PROGRAMS
Sample MACR0-11 Program
Sample FORTRAN Program . .

4-4
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-7
4-7
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-9
4-9
4-9
4-9
4-10
4-11
. 4-11
4-11
4-12
4-14
. 4-14
4-15

USING PRO/GIDIS WITH RT-11

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)
GIOPEN .
. . . . .
GIWRIT
GIREAD .
GICLOS .
. . . .
GIDCAL Error Reporting .
Sample Program Using GIDIS Call Interface
THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
. . .
.SPFUN 371 . . . . .
.SPFUN 370 . . . . . . . . . .
.
SAMPLE MACR0-11 PROGRAM
THE FORTRAN PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE . . . .
RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . . . .
.

5-2
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
5-8
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-16

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER .
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE
CREATE_ALPHABET
DRAW_ARCS
DRAW_CHARACTERS
DRAW_LINES . . . .
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
DRAW_REL_ARCS

6-2
6-7
6-11
. . 6-14
. 6-17
. 6-19
6-21
6-23

6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.56

DRAW_REL_LINES . . . .
END _DEF' I NE_CHARACTER
END_FILLED_FIGURE
END_LIST . . . . . .
END_PICTURE . . . .
ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION
FLUSH_BUFFER . .
INITIALIZE . . . . .
LOAD_BY_NAME(l)
LOAD_BY_NAME(2)
LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
NEW_PICTURE . . . .
NOP

•

PRINT_SCREEN . . . .
REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE
REQUEST_STATUS . . .
REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER .
SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION
SET_ALPHABET . . .
SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE . .
SET_AREA_TEXTURE . . .
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE
SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
SET_CELL_OBLIQUE . .
SET_CELL_RENDITION
SET_CELL_ROTATION
SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE
SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
SET_LINE_TEXTURE . .
SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP
SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION .
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION
SET_OUTPUT IDS .
. .
SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
SET_PIXEL SIZE
SET_PLANE_MASK . .
SET_POSITION . . .
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR
SET_REL_POSITION
SET_SECONDARY_COLOR
SET_WRITING_MODE

6-25
6-28
6-29
6-30
6-31
6-33
6-34
6-35
6-40
6-42
6-43
6-45
6-46
6-47
6-49
6-51
6-52
6-54
6-55
6-56
6-58
6-59
6-61
. 6-63
6-64
6-67
6-69
6-71
. 6-73
6-75
6-76
6-78
6-81
6-86
6-88
6-89
6-91
6-94
6-95
. 6-98
6-100
6-102
6-104
6-106
6-107
6-108
6-109
6-111

APPENDIX A

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

APPENDIX B

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

APPENDIX C

FONT FILE FORMAT

C.l
C.2
C.3

HEADER . . . .
POINTER TABLE
GLYPHS

APPENDIX D

MANAGING FONTS

D.l
D.2
D.3
D.3.1
D.3.2
D.3.3
D.4

APPENDIX E
E.1
E.2

APPENDIX F
F.l
F .1.1
F .1. 2

F.2
F.3
F.4

APPENDIX G

C-1
C-2
C-3

MAKING A FONT AVAILABLE TO GIDIS .
FONT NAMING CONVENTIONS
FONTS SUPPLIED WITH GIDIS
Default GIDIS Fonts Loaded Automatically .
Rest of DGIDIS Monospaced Font Files .
Proportionally Spaced Fonts
EDITING .FDF FILES . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-1
D-3
D-4
D-5
D-5
D-5
D-7

AREA TEXTURE AND COLOR ON THE PLOTTER
AREA TEXTURE
COLORS . . .

E-1
E-3

QUEUE I/0 INTERFACE TO PRO/GIDIS FOR P/OS
THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
Write Special Data (IO.WSD)
Read Special Data (IO.RSD)
PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
SAMPLE MACR0-11 PROGRAM
SAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM

GLOSSARY

INDEX

F-1
F-3
F-4

F-6
F-6
F-7

FIGURES
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5
D-6
E-1
F-1

PRO/GIDIS Sample Output
. . . . .
1-1
PRO/GIDIS Interface
....
1-3
Window to Viewport Mapping Options
2-4
IDS Mapped onto a View Surface
2-8
Various Logical Pixel Sizes
. 2-16
Implicit and Explicit Movement
. . 2-18
Character Cell Rotation
2-19
Sample Character
. . . . .
6-6
Sample Filled Figure Square
6-9
Sample Filled Figure Bow Tie
6-10
Sample Arc . . . . . . . . .
6-15
Character Unit Cell and Display Cell
6-65
Italic and Back-Slanted Display Cells
6-72
Mapping of GOS to a Different Shaped
Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-82
Mapping a Portion of a Picture to a Viewport 6-83
Writing Modes Shown with Line Texture
6-113
Default GIDIS Monospaced Fonts
D-5
Hershey Sans Serif Font
D-5
Hershey Serif Font . . .
D-6
Hershey Italicized Serif Font
D-6
Hershey Script Font
D-6
Hershey Gothic Font
D-7
Hatch Patterns 1 through 12
E-3
PRO/GIDIS Data Path
F-2

TABLES
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
4-1
4-2
4-3
5-1
5-2
5-3
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6

Picture Management Instructions
Interactive Control Instructions
Drawing Instructions . . . . .
GIDIS Drawing Attributes
Alphabet and Font Instructions
Report Instructions
. . . . .
GIDCAL Palette Errors
....
GIDCAL Errors Listed by Class - P/OS
GIDCAL Interface Errors - P/OS . . .
GIDCAL Errors Listed by Class - RT-11
GIDCAL Interface Errors - RT-11
RT-11 Operating System Errors
Attributes Initialized by
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
CREATE_ALPHABET Flags
Initialization of Subsystems
Values of GIDIS Attributes After an
INITIALIZE
. . . . . . . . . .
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE Flag Values
SET_CELL_RENDITION Flags . . . . .
vii

..
.
.
.

2-9
2-11
2-13
2-20
2-24
2-25
4-10
4-12
4-13
5-5
5-6
5-6

6-4
6-11
6-35
. 6-37
6-69
. 6-73

6-7
6-8

6-9
6-10
6-11
A-1
A-2
A-3
C-1
C-2
E-1

Sample Color Map Values
. 6-79
GIDIS Attributes Affected by
SET _GIDIS - OUTPUT - SPACE . . .
6-84
GIDIS Attributes Affected by SET _OUTPU'l' IDS 6-96
Types of Rubber Bands
6-98
Writing Mode Options . . . .
6-·111
GIDIS Instructions in Opcode Order
A-1
A-5
GIDIS Instructions in Alphabetical Order
Report Tags
. . . .
A-8
Header Format
. . . . . . . .
C-1
Pointer Table Format . . . . . . .
C-3
E-2
Hatch Patterns for Char-Index 1 to 48

viii

PREFACE

Manual Objectives
PRO/GIDIS is one of the tools you can use to develop graphics
applications for the Professsional.
This manual is both a user's
guide and a reference manual for PRO/GIDIS,
the General Image
Display Instruction Set.
It explains how to use PRO/GIDIS and
describes each instruction in detail.
It provides information
about device-independent text and graphics programming with
PRO/GIDIS.

Intended Audience
You should read this manual if you
application for the Professional
PRO/GIDIS.

are
and

developing a graphics
need information about

This document is intended for programmers who have had experience
with systems programming and graphics applications software.
You
should also have experience with either MACR0-11 or FORTRAN.
This document explains how to use PRO/GIDIS on both the P/OS and
RT-11 operating systems.
All chapters except 4 and 5 apply to
both operating systems.
If you are using P/OS, read Chapter 4;
if you are using RT-11, read Chapter 5.

Structure of This Document
This document has six chapters and eight appendixes.
describes PRO/GIDIS and
Chapter 1, Introduction to PRO/GIDIS,
in
the
context
of
other
graphic
tools.
It provides
places it
so
that
you
can
determine
whether
to
use
PRO/GIDIS
or
guidelines
graphics
software.
some other

Chapter 2,
Understanding PRO/GIDIS,
provides
a
framework for PRO/GIDIS.
It explains key terms and
GIDIS instructions. Together with Chapter 4 (for
Chapter 5 (for RT-11), this chapter serves as a user's

conceptual
introduces
P/OS),
or
guide.

Chapter 3, PRO/GIDIS Syntax,
describes the
syntax, which is the same for P/OS and RT-11.

instruction

Chapter 4,

Using

PRO/GIDIS

with
ix

P/05,

GIDIS

explains

how

use

PRO/GIDIS with P/OS,
the Professional Operating System. The
chapter describes the GIDIS Call Interface (GIDCAL), the devices
accessed by GIDCAL, and error handling.
Chapter 5, Using PRO/GIDIS with RT-11, describes how to use
PRO/GIDIS with the RT-11 operating system. The chapter describes
three interfaces (including GIDCAL) and error handling.
Chapter 6, PRO/GIDIS Instructions, lists each GIDIS instruction
in alphabetical order for quick reference.
Information includes:
format, arguments, notes explaining how the instruction works,
and examples.
Appendix A, PRO/GIDIS Instruction Summaries, lists each PRO/GIDIS
instruction, its operation code (opcode), argument length, opcode
word, and associated arguments.
Instructions are grouped two
ways:
by opcode and in alphabetical order.
Appendix B, DEC Multinational Character Set, shows the code table
for
the
Professional's alphabet 0,
the DEC Multinational
Character Set.
Appendix C, Font File Format,
describes the
required by the LOAD_BY_NAME instruction.

font

file

format

Appendix D, Managing Fonts, describes how to tell the font server
about your font files.
Appendix E, Area Texture and Color on the Plotter, describes how
Plotter GIDIS processes instructions that affect area texture and
color.
Appendix F, Alternate Access to Video GIDIS, explains the Queue
I/O Request (QIO$) and Queue I/0 Request and Wait (QIOW$) system
directives for P/OS.
This access method is documented for
backward compatibility with earlier versions.
Appendix G, Glossary, defines key terms used in this manual.

Associated Documents - P/OS
•

CORE Graphics Library Manual

•

P/OS System Reference Manual

•

RMS-11 Macro Programmers Guide

•

PRO/Document VDM Manual

•

Tool Kit Language Manuals

Associated Documents - RT-11

•

RT-11 Programmer's Reference Manual

Conventions Used in This Document
Convention/Term

Meaning

[optional]

In a command line, square brackets indicate
that the enclosed item is optional. In a file
specification, square brackets are part of
the required syntax.

UPPERCASE

Uppercase words and letters indicate that you
should type the word or letter exactly as
shown.

lowercase

Lowercase words and letters indicate that you
should substitute a word or value of your
own. Usually the lowercase word identifies
the type of substitution required.
A horizontal ellipsis indicates that you can
repeat the preceding item one or more times.
For example:
parameter [,parameter ... ]
A vertical ellipsis means that not all of the
statements are shown.
Interactive input appears in red.

Tool Kit

This general term refers to the software you
use to develop applications to run on a
Professional computer.

Host Tool Kit

The Host Tool Kit is Tool Kit software that
runs on a host computer, rather than on the
Professional itself.

PRO/Tool Kit

The PRO/Tool Kit is the Tool Kit software
that runs on the Professional computer.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS

PRO/GIDIS, the General Image Display Instruction Set, is one of
several tools used to develop graphics applications for the
Professional 300 Series computer.
It consists of a set of
instructions
that provide the lowest-level, virtual device
interface to the Professional's graphics hardware.

1.1

USES OF PRO/GIDIS

PRO/GIDIS is aimed at applications creating compass and ruler
graphics,
those
in
which images can be described using
geometrical entities such as lines, arcs, and shaded areas.
You
can also use PRO/GIDIS to display mixed text and graphics.
Figure 1-1 shows typical
PRO/GIDIS
output,
a
graphical
representation of some sample statistical data.

~IT\.RES

~a..Ll'£NT

ffll!t IC ff!tl/!lltl{(LS

BILLI(N) Cf IXllMS
100

MILLI en>
100

~ Errol l1n11nt,

total }
Pl.blic Errollment
Right Scale
•
Private Errollment
Total ~iU.res
]- - - Pl.bl ic E;.pendiU.res
Left Scale
Private E:iq:>end i U.res

J
!

!
I

I
I

-1 25
\

1960

1%2

Figure 1-1:

1%4

1968

1970

19?2

PRO/GIDIS Sample Output
1-1

1974

USES OF PRO/GIDIS
PRO/GIDIS is the lowest layer of software that receives and
interprets graphics instructions in a device-independent way.
When the current output device cannot
fully
support
an
instruction, GIDIS provides an appropriate fallback.
With GIDIS under P/OS, you can write on a number of devices.
Among them are the Professional video monitor, the LVP16 plotter,
and various printers (the LN03, LASO and LA100).
You can also
store GIDIS instructions in a file and later print the stored
picture, either by itself or as part of a document. Under RT-11,
you can write only on the video monitor.
The GIDIS Call Interface (GIDCAL) provides uniform access to each
device supported by GIDIS.
It also simplifies access to GIDIS
from high-level languages.

1.2

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER P/OS GRAPHICS TOOLS

PRO/GIDIS provides the foundation for several other graphics
tools on the Professional. Because these tools are implemented
as layers above PRO/GIDIS, each tool sets GIDIS attributes and
expects to be in full control of them. As a result, use of more
than one graphics protocol within an application
is
not
supported.
Other graphics tools include:
•

The PRO/Tool Kit CORE Graphics Library (CGL), a library of
high-level graphics subroutines based on the ACM SIGGRAPH
CORE Standard.

•

ReGIS (Remote Graphics Instruction Set), a DIGITAL-developed,
ASCII-based protocol, is used to transmit graphics
instructions from a host computer to a remote Professional,
VT125, VT240 or GIGI graphics terminal. A ReGIS to GIDIS
converter (RTOG) translates ReGIS data files to GIDIS files
that can be displayed (or printed) on the Professional.
ReGIS currently cannot be used by applications that reside on
the Professional itself; it can only be used in terminal
emulation mode.

•

NAPLPS, North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax, is
an ASCII-based protocol developed for Videotex/Teletext.
NAPLPS currently cannot be used by applications that reside
on the Professional itself; it can only be used in terminal
emulation mode.

1-2

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER P/OS GRAPHICS TOOLS
•

TEK 4014 is an industry-standard Tektronix-based software
protocol adapted from storage tube technology.
TEK 4014 is
available as a third party application that runs on the
Professional only in terminal emulation mode.

•

PRO/Document VDM, not a graphics tool itself, is the layer of
P/OS that enables you to integrate graphics into documents.

Figure 1-2 shows the relationship
graphic tools.

between

PRO/GIDIS

and

other

PRO GRAPHICS ARCHITECTURE
REMOTE HOST

APPLICATION

TEK
4014

PRO
APPLICATION

PRINT
SERVICES

CORE

ReGIS

LIBRARY

VOM

INTERPFETER

UTILITIES
INTEflFAIL

GENERAL IMAGE DISPLAY INSTRUCTION SET VIRllJAI..
IEVIII
VIIEO IJ\IVER FILE DRIVER

BIT

MAP

1-PGL DRIVER

SIXEL DRIVER

LVP16

LASO
LA100

l-P7475
l-P7470

LN03

35tml DRIVER

PCUROID
PAl.ETTE

INIBfAII

mt'SI!'.AL

IEVIII
INTEJFAII

fffPA/ElJ KITH fflJ/SIGHT

Figure 1-2:

PRO/GIDIS Interface

1-3

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER P/OS GRAPHICS TOOLS
1.2.1

When to Use PRO/GIDIS

Sometimes your choice of a graphics tool is a
but there are some guidelines to go by.

matter

taste,

Use PRO/GIDIS if you want uniform access to the
Professional's graphic devices.

•

Use PRO/GIDIS if execution speed is most important.

Use PRO/GIDIS to implement graphics utility layers, like
CORE, or tools rather than applications.

1.2.2

When Not to Use PRO/GiDIS

Do not use PRO/GIDIS under the following conditions:
e

If your program requires support for real (floating point)
coordinates, curves, markers, and so forth, use the CORE
Graphics Library.

If you are concerned with portability of programs and
industry-standard program interfaces to graphics routines,
use the CORE Graphics Library.

If you require VT100 or VT200 compatibility, use ReGIS with
the Professional Terminal Emulator.

1-4

CHAPTER 2
UNDERSTANDING PRO/GIDIS

This chapter begins by briefly describing concepts in graphic
programming.
It then relates these concepts to GIDIS.
Finally,
it summarizes the types of instructions available in GIDIS.

2.1

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING

Graphic systems typically provide the following functions:
•

Viewing Transformation Instructions.
These enable you to
define your drawing area in coordinate units that are
convenient for your application, then map the units to a
device-independent coordinate system for displaying the
image.

•

Interactive Control Instructions.
These enable you to
interactively control how an image displays on a view
surface.
You can modify how a picture is mapped to a view
surface, define cursors, scroll data, and output an image.

•

Drawing Instructions.
within a picture.

•

Attribute Instructions.
These enable you to specify how the
image appears when it displays.

These enable you to draw figures

The following sections describe the main functions and
terms commonly used in graphic programming.

2-1

introduce

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING

2.1.1

Viewing Transformation Instructions

Two-dimensional graphic programming packages allow you to draw
pictures in a Cartesian coordinate system, similar to drawing on
graph paper.
Most graphics systems allow you
to
define
coordinate units that suit your particular application.
Think of
it as choosing graph paper with different scales, for example ten
squares per inch versus fifteen squares per inch.
These units
are purely logical coordinates whose range is limited only by the
arithmetic limits of the processor.
Some systems allow floating
point coordinates; others allow only integers.
You draw pictures
in
user
coordinate
units that you define.
All drawing
instructions are stored in a database in user coordinates units.
This user coordinate system is sometimes called the World

Coordinate System.
Besides allowing you to create and store graphic data, a graphics
system must have a way of displaying the contents of the
database.
(Display is used in a generic sense to include output
to any device, not just screen display.) Because graphic output
is displayed on a variety of output devices,
a graphics system
must have a way of mapping the user coordinates to a view
surface. While a video monitor may be the most common view
surface, printer and plotter output can also be consioered a view
surface.
The variety of output devices, both their shape and resolution,
makes it desirable to have a device-independent way of describing
the view surface.
Hence, most graphics systems have a display
coordinate system to describe the view surface.
These coordinate
system is sometimes called Normalized Coordinate Space.
The
exact way of defining the coordinate units within normalized
space differs among graphic systems, but most allow you to choose
coordinate units appropriate for any output device.

NOTE
To avoid confusion,
this manual
refers
to
operations
performed in user coordinates as
drawing a picture.
It refers to operations
performed in display coordinates as displaying an

image.
Each graphic system performs the computations necessary to map
the contents of the user coordinate system to the display
coordinate system.
This process of mapping from the user
coordinate system to the display coordinate system is called the
viewing transformation. However, the way the mapping proceeds
differs from system to system.
For example, when some graphic
systems map the picture to the displayed image,
distortion

2-2

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING

results.
Other systems preserve the shape of the picture.
Some
systems supply device drivers to complete the mapping in a way
that preserves the image and suits the hardware requirements of
the displaying device.

2.1.2

Interactive Control Instructions

Besides the standard viewing transformation operation,
most
systems provide interactive control instructions for modifying
the mapping and manipulating the display.
Graphics systems differ in how much control they give you over
the mapping process, for example controlling the size and shape
of the displayed image.
An explanation of how a graphics system
gives you control over mapping
requires the introduction of
several more terms.
We refer to the entire contents of graphic data in the user
coordinate space as a picture.
You can map the entire picture to
the view surface, or you can map only a portion of the picture to
the view surface.
You choose which portion to map by defining a
window, a rectangular extent within the user coordinate space.
By defining a window the same size as the picture, you map the
entire picture to the view surface.
By defining a window smaller
than the picture,
you map only a portion of the picture to the
view surface.
Only data within the defined window maps to the
view surface.
Anything outside the window is clipped.
It
remains in the picture, but is not displayed in the image on the
view surface.
On the view surface, the image displays
in a
rectangular area
called
the viewport.
The viewport is defined in display
coordinates.
Graphics systems allow you to define the viewport
in a number of ways.
For example, you can fill an entire view
surface, providing you define your viewport as having the
same
shape as the output device.
Or you can change the size and
placement of a viewport.
In some graphics systems,
you can
display more than one viewport simultaneously.
Because of all the options available both in defining the window
and the viewport,
mapping from user coordinates to display
coordinates allows for many possibilities.
You can, for example,
define user and display coordinates to be identical and map an
entire picture (the window encompasses the entire picture) to the
entire viewport
(which may or may not fill the display surface,
depending on the shape of the viewport in relation to the
shape
of the display surface).
Or you can define a window that
includes only part of the picture,
and map it to a
larger
viewport.
This
results in enlarging the image.
Conversely, if

2-3

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING

you define the window as larger than the picture and map it to a
smaller viewport, you reduce the image. Besides affecting the
size, enlarging or reducing the image
also
affects
the
granularity of the image.
Figure 2-1 shows several mapping possibilities.
Each
assumes a viewport that covers the entire view surface.

WINDOW
WINDOW, CLIPPING RECTANGLE. AND VIEWPORT SAME SIZE
NO CLIPPING OF PICTUf1 E

VIEWPORT

r-----/ /

i,~//
I/
/
1//

L--

_ _i,/

WINDOW
WINDOW SMALLER THAN VIEWPORT. IMAGE ENLARGED. PICTURE CLIPPED

VIEW PORT

WINDOW
WINDOW LARGER THAN VIEWPORT. IMAGE REDUCED. NO CLIPPING OF PICTURE.
MA-1148-85

Figure 2-1:

Window to Viewport Mapping Options

2-4

case

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC PROGRAMMING

Besides controlling mapping, graphics systems may also include
instructions for using cursors or rubber bands to mark the
current location. Other interactive control instructions enable
you to erase, scroll, display, or print an image.

2.1.3

Drawing Instructions

Graphics systems provide you with building blocks to create a
picture.
These building blocks are called output primitives.
Most systems have instructions for drawing points, lines
arcs,
circles and text.
Some also have instructions for filling
figures, both closed and open figures.
You build pictures by
selecting appropriate drawing instructions.

2.1.4

Attribute instructions

Graphics systems have attribute instructions that enable you to
control how graphic output appears.
Some attributes, like
foreground and background color, affect all graphic output. Such
attributes are called global attributes.
Others affect only
certain types of instructions, for example drawing lines or
drawing text.
These are typically called line attributes and
text attributes,
respectively.
In most
graphics
systems,
attributes are modal,
that is they remain in effect until you
explicitly change them.

2.2

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

GIDIS has the types of instructions common
systems, plus additional instructions for
This chapter describes GIDIS instructions
functional groupings:

to most graphics
fonts and reports.
in the following

Picture Management Instructions. These provide the framework
for creating and storing pictures, and for mapping them to an
output device.

Interactive Control Instructions. These include instructions
for modifying the mapping process and manipulating the
display.

Drawing Instructions.

These enable you to draw figures.

2-5

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

•

Attribute Instructions.
These enable you to specify how the
figure appears when it displays.

•

Alphabet and Font Instructions.
alphabets and fonts.

•

Report Instructions.
GIDIS.

2.2.1

These allow you to create

These enable you to check the state of

Picture Management Instructions

Picture Management instructions provide a framework for
pictures and set up the viewing transformation.

defining

Because GIDIS attributes remain in effect until changed, you must
include your specifications for the viewing transformation and
all attributes in any picture you draw.
The recommended way to
do this is to frame all instructions for a given picture between
a BEGIN_PICTURE and an END_PICTURE instruction.
In general,
follows:

you

use

the

Picture

Management

instructions

Use BEGIN_PICTURE to initiate definition of a picture.

You can use an INITIALIZE -1 next.
This initializes GIDIS to
its default values (see INITIALIZE in Chapter 6). Although
it is more work, it is better practice to explicitly
initialize each GIDIS attribute to a value of your own
choice.

Set up an appropriate address space with SET_OUTPUT_IDS.
Define coordinate values that are convenient for your
application.

To control the appearance of your output, you should also set
up the color map with SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY.

At this point you can use GIDIS attribute instructions and
drawing instructions in any order you choose.

When you have finished,
an END_PICTURE.

terminate the picture definition with

The following paragraphs describe the GIDIS user and display
coordinate spaces and how pictures are mapped to a view surface.

2-6

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

In GIDIS the user coordinate space is called GIDIS Output Space
(GOS).
GOS units are limited to integers.
The origin of GOS is
the upper left-hand corner of the coordinate space.
The pixel
aspect
ratio of X coordinate units to Y coordinate units is 1:1.
All
GIDIS
instructions
except
SET_OUTPUT IDS
and
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
refer to GOS coordinates.
You draw pictures
and store them in GOS units.
However,
unless you use
the
Interactive Control
instructions to alter the mapping process,
you do not directly define a window in GOS
coordinates.
SET_OUTPUT IDS defines the window and controls the mapping.
In GIDIS the display coordinate space is called Imposed Device
Space
(IDS).
Like GOS, the units are limited to integers, the
origin is the upper left-hand corner of the coordinate space, and
the pixel aspect
ratio is 1:1.
The left edge of the display
surface is called the Y axis, and the top edge of the surface
is
called the X axis.
You determine
the extent of IDS by the
coordinates you choose for
the
lower
right-hand corner.
You
assign values to the bottom right-hand corner of the view surface
with SET_OUTPUT IDS.
Yo~ must always use a SET_OUTPUT IDS
instruction to set up a
deviceindependent address
space
for displaying your image.
SET_OUTPUT_IDS implicitly performs several other functions.

It sets GIDIS Output Space (GOS) such that IDS and ~OS units
are identical.
This means that the picture in GOS maps to
the image in IDS identically.

It sets your viewport to the entire view surface as defined
Your viewport is the rectangle (defined in IDS)
within which the image is displayed on the view surface.
by IDS.

It sets the clipping rectangle to the entire view surface as
defined by IDS.
The clipping rectangle is the window
(defined in GOS) that contains the picture you want to map to
the viewport.
Thus, the window and viewport are identical.

The ability to define IDS in any coordinate units you choose
allows
you
to
control
how
your
image displays
in a
device-independent way.
Each output device has a
certain shape
(picture aspect
ratio),
resolution
(number of physical pixels
horizontally and vertically), and pixel aspect
ratio
(shape of
physical pixel).
These are hardware dependent.
We call this
hardware-dependent view Hardware Address Space
(HAS).
For
example,
the Professional 350 video has a shape of 8 x 5 inches,
a resolution of 960 horizontal by 240 vertical hardware pixels,
and a pixel aspect ratio of 1:2.5.
Because each X unit is not
equal to each Y unit, the HAS is anisotropic.
This means
that
you cannot map a
coordinate
system using a 1:1 ratio to the

2-7

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

Professional video without performing calculations to compensate
for the distortion that would otherwise occur.
The driver
supplied for each of th9 supported output devices performs
these
adjustments.
You can choose, if you like,
to tailor
IDS
for a
particular
output device.
For example, if you want your image to fill the
view surface, assign coordinate values that reflect the shape of
the view surface.
For example, if the view surface were 8 units
wide by 5 units high, you might set [X,Y]
of the bottom right
corner
to
[79,49]
or
[799,499]
or
[959,599].
All
these
coordinates would fill the view surface and maintain the
same
shape.
The only difference would be in the resolution.
The more
logical pixels (expressed in higher X and Y values),
the
finer
the resolution of your drawing.
In many cases, you will want to
use the entire display surface.

If the shape you give
IDS does not match the
shape of the
device's view surface, GIDIS starts at the upper left corner and
maps as much as it can, leaving space on the bottom or to the
right as necessary to maintain the proportions of your picture.
This is why IDS is called device independent.
Figure 2-2 shows an example of a square IDS shape (with arbitrary
(500,500) that does not fill the view surface of
coordinates of
an 8 by a 5-inch video display.

HAS 8 in

IDS

500

HAS
5 in

MA-1147-85

Figure 2-2:

IDS Mapped onto a View Surface

2-8

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
You can use all
picture
management
instructions
interactively or store them in a .GID file.

either

Table 2-1 lists the Picture Management instructions.
Table 2-1:

Picture Management Instructions

Instruction

Action

NEW_PICTURE

Indicates the beginning of a new
picture.

END_PICTURE

Indicates the end of a picture.
Action depends on device.

INITIALIZE

Returns GIDIS to its power-up
state. Aborts character, filled
figure and picture definition
blocks.

SET_OUTPUT IDS

Specifies the coordinate units
and shape of the image that
displays on the view surface.
Implicitly sets GOS, the clipping
rectangle, and the viewport to be
identical with IDS.

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY

Sets red, green, blue mixture for
the sperified color map entry.

2.2.2

Interactive Control Instructions

These instructions control
drawing
operations
within
an
interactive environment.
Consequently, these instructions are
inappropriate in a .GID file, a stored picture. Most interactive
environments presume a video display.

2-9

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
Interactive applications should allow you to modify the display
quickly and easily.
GIDIS has interactive control instructions
for modifying how an existing picture displays on the view
surface and for drawing new pictures. When drawing new pictures,
you need to be able to mark the current position, erase,
scroll,
output the picture to a view surface, and make a hard copy of the
displayed image.
Several instructions control how an existing picture maps to a
view surface.
GIDIS allows you to display only part of a picture
or change the size and location of your viewport.
If you want to display only
a
part
of
picture,
use
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT SPACE to define a coordinate extent smaller than
the picture. This is useful to blow up a portion of a picture.
For complete details, see SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE in Chapter 6.
If you want to draw on only part of the view surface,
use
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT to specify the size and location of your
viewport.
You can also specify multiple viewports and map a
separate picture into each.
For details, see Chapter 6.
Normally, your clipping
rectangle
equals
your
viewport.
(SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE, and SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
all set the clipping rectangle to match your viewport.)
However,
you can use SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION to make your clipping
rectangle smaller than your viewport.
You might do this if you
want to display a picture
(or part of a picture) within a
rectangle smaller than your viewport.
If you want to clear a rectangle within your viewport,
set
clipping
rectangle
to
the
desired
size
and
ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION.

the
use

When using Video GIDIS, you may want to scroll
(vertically or
horizontally) whatever has been drawn within your clipping
rectangle. Use SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION to do this.
The cleared
space reverts to the current secondary color.
Data scrolled out
may not be scrolled back in; it must be redrawn.
While drawing a new picture with Video GIDIS,
you may want to
mark the current position. GIDIS gives you the option of using a
cursor or rubber band to mark the current position.
See
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR and SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND in Chapter 6.
You
select whether the cursor or rubber band blinks or is continuous
with SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION.
When you want your application to execute all pending drawing
instructions
and
prompt
a
user for
further
input,
use
FLUSH_BUFFER.

2-10

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
With the Professional 380 video,
you can work with several
pictures at a time.
SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP enables you to draw up to
four pictures (two in high resolution mode) in separate pages of
the video bitmap.
You can quickly move among them.
While drawing, you may want to print all or some portion of the
video bitmap.
PRINT_SCREEN allows you to send a specified
portion of the video bitmap to a sixel printer connected to the
printer port.
Table 2-2 summarizes the GIDIS Interactive Control Instructions.

Table 2-2:

Interactive Control Instructions

Instruction

Action

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE

Specifies the coordinate units
and shape of a window you define
in GOS. Sets the clipping
rectangle to coincide with the
window.

SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT

Specifies the size and location
of your viewport.

SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION

Specifies the rectangle on the
view surface where GIDIS can
draw.

ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION

Clears clipping rectangle.

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION

In Video GIDIS, scrolls data
within clipping rectangle.

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR

Specifies the type of cursor used
to mark the current position.

SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND

Specifies the type of rubber band
used to mark the current
position.

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION

Selects whether the cursor or
rubber band blinks or is
continuous.

2-11

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

Instruction

Action

FLUSH_BUFFER

Executes any pending GIDIS
instructions.

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP

Selects bitmap on which to draw
or display. (Professional 380
video only)

PRINT_SCREEN

Sends a specified portion of the
video bitmap to a sixel printer
connected to the printer port.

2.2.3

Drawing Instructions

GIDIS supplies the graphic primitives to draw lines, arcs, filled
figures and text.
You draw all pictures in GOS coordinates.
GIDIS drawing instructions can specify coordinates in either
absolute or relative terms.
Absolute terms are simply the X and
Y coordinates you designate.
Relative terms are in relation to
the current position.

2.2.4

The Current Position

All GIDIS drawing instructions begin at the current position and
end by setting a new current position.
When you do not want the
next drawing instruction to start where the
last
drawing
instruction finished,
use SET_POSITION or SET_REL_POSITION to
move the current position to any point within GIDIS Output Space.

2.2.5

Drawing Lines, Arcs, Filled Figures, Characters, Images

and
DRAW- LINES
series of lines.
You can draw one or a
DRAW_REL - LINES draw from the current position to the specified
series,
each
position. When you use either instruction in a
endpoint becomes the current position for the next line.
You can draw arcs in much the
same way with DRAW_ARCS or
DRAW_REL_ARCS.
All drawing begins at the current position and
continues around a
center point that you specify.
As with
drawing lines, you can draw arcs in a series, with each endpoint
becoming the current position for the next arc.
You determine

2-12

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
the direction and length of the arc by the angle.
for details.

See Chapter 6

To draw a filled figure,
you issue a
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE
instruction.
You then use the instructions for drawing lines and
arcs to designate the vertices of the figure.
GIDIS stores the
coordinate pairs for the vertices in the filled figure table.
The order of the coordinates determines how the drawing proceeds.
When GIDIS receives an END_FILLED_FIGURE instruction, it draws
the filled figure.
See Chapter 6 for limitations on the filled
figure table.
To draw characters you must first have selected the current
alphabet
with
a SET_ALPHABET instruction.
Section 2.2.11
describes how to do this.
Once you have a current alphabet,
you
indicate which character you want to draw by an index.
GIDIS has
two instructions for
drawing
characters.
You
can
use
DRAW_CHARACTERS for any alphabet, whether a standard one or one
you design.
You can use DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS for ASCII strings
or any alphabet with fewer than 256 characters. With either
instruction you can draw several characters in succession.
The
rendition of the characters is governed by the Text Attributes,
described in Section 2.2.10.
Table 2-3 summarizes the GIDIS Drawing Instructions.

Table 2-3:

Drawing Instructions

Instruction

Action

SET_POSITION

Moves the current position to an
absolute point you specify.

SET_REL_POSITION

Moves the current position to a
point you specify relative to the
current position.

DRAW_LINES

Draws a line from the current
position to an absolute point you
specify.

DRAW_REL_LINES

Draws a line from the current
position to a point you specify
relative to the current position.

2-13

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

Instruction

Action

DRAW_ARCS

Draws an arc from the current
position around an absolute
center point you speci

DRAW_REL_ARCS

Draws an arc from the current
position around a center point
you specify relative to the
current position.

BEGIN_FILLED FIGURE

Begins definition of a filled
figure.

END FILLED_FIGURE

Completes definition of a filled
figure and draws the figure.

DRAW __ CHARACTERS

Draws the character you specify.

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS

Draws two characters you specify
in one word.

2.2.6

Drawing Attributes

Several classes of attributes affect how your drawing looks.
Some,
namely the Writing Attributes, affect everything you draw.
(The GIDIS Writing Attributes can be called global attributes.)
Others,
for example Line,
Filled Figure, and Text Attributes,
affect only certain drawing instructions.
See Table 2-4
for
a
summary of the Drawing Attributes instructions.
When you power-up GIDIS,
there are default values
for GIDIS
attributes.
These default values make it possible to use the
virtual device immediately.
Table 6-4 lists the default values
for GIDIS attributes.
You can restore these default values at
any time by using an INITIALIZE instruction.
However, you can specify your own values for these attributes
using the instructions explained in the following sections.

2.2. 7

Writing Attributes

A drawing instruction operates on a pattern of ON and OFF bits (1
and 0 respectively).
When you draw a line or arc, GIDIS derives
the pattern from the line texture you specify.
When you fill
a

2-14

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

figure,
GIDIS derives the pattern from the area texture you
specify.
When you draw a character, GIDIS derives the pattern
from the
raster image of the character.
For example, the
character "L" would be a horizontal and vertical line of l's on a
field of O's.
0000000000
0100000000
0100000000
0100000000
0100000000
0100000000
0100000000
0111111100
0000000000
When you specify a pattern, you also specify its size in GOS
units.
The size controls how many times each bit in the pattern
is repeated.
For example, each 0 and 1 in the sample ''L" may be
repeated several times,
depending on the size specified.
When
the pattern is displayed on a view surface,
each bit in the
pattern may be applied to multiple hardware pixels.
The writing attributes control how each drawing instruction
interprets the pattern.
There are four writing attributes:
writing mode, primary color, secondary color, and plane mask.
Writing mode controls the Boolean operation performed on each bit
of the pattern.
For example, the default writing mode, overlay,
works as follows.
For each 1 in the pattern,
GIDIS sets the
current pixel
to the primary color.
For each 0 in the patt~rn,
GIDIS leaves the current pixel unchanged.
Your choice of writing
mode affects how the
image displays.
See SET_WRITING_MODE in
Chapter 6 for a full description of the writing modes provided by
GIDIS.
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR specifies the color map index to
l's in the bit pattern.

use

for

all

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR specifies the color map index to use for
O's in the bit pattern.

all

SET_PLANE_MASK determines which planes are enabled for writing.
Usually, you enable writing to all planes.
This instruction ANDS
(Boolean)
the current color index and the plane mask
(a
representation of the planes you select).
For the effect of a
plane mask that is not set to all planes, see SET_PLANE_MASK in
Chapter 6.

2-15

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

2.2.8

Line and Curve Attributes

You can choose to draw lines and curves with a solid or patterned
line.
With SET LINE_TEXTURE you select the bit pattern that
determines the appearance of the lines you draw.
You can also select the
thickness of your drawing line with
SET PIXEL_SIZE.
SET PIXEL SIZE sets the size of the logical
pixel used as a paintbrush in subsequent drawing.
The pixel
is
always a
rectangle orthagonal to the x and y axes.
Because of
this, diagonal lines appear thicker than horizontal and vertical
lines, except on a stroke device.
Figure 2-3 shows different pixel sizes used to draw a line.

Figure 2-3:
2.2.9

Various Logical Pixel Sizes

Filled Figure Attributes

GIDIS allows you to select the two-dimensional pattern to be used
in filling polygons.
The pattern you choose is called the area
texture cell.
With the SET_AREA_TEXTURE instruction,
you can
choose either a character from an alphabet, or the current line
texture as your area texture cell. Whatever pattern you choose
remains the current area texture cell until you change it with
another SET_AREA_TEXTURE.
You can choose a character from any alphabet,
for
example
the
default DEC Multinational Character Set,
or an alphabet you
create.
Note, there is a 16 by 16 bit size
restriction for
a
character
used
as
a
texture
cell.
However,
with
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE, you can enlarge
the character used in
filling a figure.
GIDIS does this by multiplying the pattern in
the texture cell.
You can also clip unwanted white space from a
text cell with SET_AREA_CELL SIZE.

2-16

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

If you want a
solid fill,
specify
a
solid
line
with
SET_LINE_TEXTURE and choose the current line texture as your area
texture cell.

2.2.10

Text Attributes

With GIDIS Text Attribute instructions you control
the size,
spacing,
orientation, and rendition (such as bold or italics) of
text.
The GIDIS text model is based on the notion of character cell. A
character cell
is a
rectangular field of ON and OFF bits.
ON
bits form a character pattern; OFF bits form the background.
The
character cell that stores the bit patterns can be up to 64 bits
high and 64 bits wide.
You determine how the character cell is displayed by specifying
SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE
the unit cell
size and display cell size.
specifies the size of the character you want displayed.
GIDIS
can scale the stored character cell to create larger or smaller
characters.
Scaling up is restricted to multiples of the bit
pattern in the character cell.
SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE gives you a way of extending the background
field if you want.
Having a display cell larger than the unit
cell is an easy way to create white space between characters.
You must always set both unit and display cell size, even if they
are identical.
Besides setting a display cell width larger than a unit cell
width to create white space,
you can control spacing between
character cells by specifying how to update the current position
after a character is displayed.
You have three choices:
e

Implicit movement only.
Specify implicit movement with
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE and set explicit movement to (0,0)
with SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT.
This causes the current
position to move a display cell width along the current angle
of cell rotation.
If the current angle is 0, normal left to
right text results.

Explicit movement only.
Specify no implicit movement with
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE and set explicit movement to whatever
you want with SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT.
For example, if
you want upright characters drawn diagonally up to the right,
set explicit movement to (n,-n).
Note, however, that unless
your explicit movement is greater than the display cell size,
your characters overwrite each other.

2-17

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

•

Implicit and explicit movement.
Specify implicit movement
with SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE and explicit movement with
SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT.
If you use both implicit and
explicit movement, your characters move a display cell width
plus whatever explicit movement you specify.

Figure 2-4 shows the three possibilities.

c
Implicit Movement Only

B
Explicit Movement Only

Implicit and Explicit Movement

Figure 2-4:

Implicit and Explicit Movement

2-18

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS
GIDIS allows you to control how accurately the current position
is updated. For device-independence and complete accuracy at the
level of GOS, specify global symmetry. For best performance and
constant intercharacter spacing,
specify local symmetry. You
specify symmetry with SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE.
Accuracy and constant spacing are contradictory goals, because
unit cell width may not be an integral number of hardware pixels.
For example, suppose you specified a spacing of 25 GOS units, and
the current output device had one hardware pixel for every two
GOS units. With local symmetry, each character would move 24 GOS
units.
With global symmetry, each move would be 25 GOS units
conceptually, but actually 12 pixels, then 13, 12, 13 and so on.
A character's orientation (the direction the character faces)
depends
on
the
angle
of
rotation
as
specified
by
SET_CELL_ROTATION. A character's angle of rotation is with
respect to its top left corner. A positive angle rotates the
left edge of the cell counter-clockwise; a negative angle rotates
the left edge of the cell clockwise. The entire character cell
rotates, without changing the shape of the cell.
Figure 2-5
shows character cell rotation.

Figure 2-5:

Character Cell Rotation

2-19

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

You can change the shape of the cell by using SET_CELL_OBLIQUE.
When you specify a nonzero angle, the character cell becomes a
parallelogram.
A positive angle
results in a back-slanted
character; a negative angle in a front-slanted character.
You select various cell renditions by setting the appropriate
flag with the SET_CELL_RENDITION instruction.
If possible, GIDIS
selects a font with the specified rendition.
Otherwise,
GIDIS
algorithmically creates the specified rendition.
You can specify
the following rendition attributes:
back-slant,
italics,
bold
and proportional text.
Table 2-4 summarizes the GIDIS Drawing Attributes.

Table 2-4:

GIDIS Drawing Attributes

Action

Instruction

Writing Attributes
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR

Identifies the color map entry
to use when drawing subsequent
ON bits.

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR

Identifies the color map entry
to use when drawing subsequent
OFF bits.

SET_PLANE_MASK

Specifies which planes are
accessible.

SET_WRITING_MODE

Selects writing mode to use in
subsequent drawing.

Line and Curve Attributes
SET_LINE_TEXTURE

Specifies the pattern used in
drawing lines.

SET PIXEL_SIZE

Specifies the thickness of the
drawing line.

2-20

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

Instruction

Action

Filled Figure Attributes
SET_AREA_TEXTURE

Selects the character to use as
the texture cell in filling
subsequent figures.

SET_AREA_TEXTURE SIZE

Specifies the size to draw
subsequent texture cells.

SET_AREA_CELL SIZE

Clips or pads the last selected
texture cell.

Text Attributes
SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE

Specifies the size to draw
subsequent character cells.

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE

Specifies the size of a
character's background field.

SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT

Specifies the distance to move
the current position after a
character is drawn.

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE

Specifies how the current
position moves after a
character is drawn, and how
accurately the current position
is updated.

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE

Specifies how much to slant the
character display cell.

SET_CELL_ROTATION

Defines the angle of rotation
at which subsequent characters
are drawn.

SET_CELL_RENDITION

Selects character renditions
such as backslant, italics,
bold, and proportional spacing.

2-21

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

2.2.11

and Fonts

GIDIS uses the current alphabet in all
text operations.
To
select an alphabet,
use SET_ALPHABET.
The selected alphabet
remains current until you do another SET_ALPHABET.
A GIDIS alphabet is like an ASCII
character set.
When you
specify an index within an alphabet, you know which particular
character should be displayed.
For example, the default alphabet
(alphabet 0)
is the DEC Multinational Character Set.
When you
specify index 101 (octal), you know that an uppercase "A" will be
displayed.
font, on the other hand, controls what the "A" looks
like.
A
font's
general appearance
is denoted by typeface, for example
Courier.
A font has a
rendition,
for
example
roman,
italic,
bold,
or bold italic.
Fonts may be monospaced (each character
cell has the same width) or proportionally spaced (character cell
width varies with the character, for example the cell containing
the character "m" is wider that the cell containing the character
"i") .
A

You create more than one
font
for an alphabet
for
improved
quality.
As Section 2.5 explained, GIDIS enables you to vary the
appearance of text in a number of ways.
GIDIS achieves
these
variations by either selecting a new font or algorithmically
transforming the current font.
Because there are limits to what
can be effectively done by algorithmic transformation, you can
ensure better quality by supplying a variety of fonts.
With GIDIS,
you are not
limited to standard alphabets and
character sets.
You can build your own alphabets and design your
own glyphs, the graphic representations of each member of
the
alphabet.
Section 2.2.13 explains how to do both.
You may have
up to 16 alphabets available at any time and an unlimited number
of fonts.
When you first
select an alphabet from 1-15, it
contains no characters.
You fill the alphabet in one of two
ways:
you load a font file with LOAD_BY_NAME, or you dynamically
create a font with CREATE_ALPHABET.

2.2.12

Font Files

A font file is simply a font that has been stored i~ a
file.
Appendix D explains how to name and store a font file so that the
font server can use it.

2-22

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

(

You load a font file with the
LOAD_BY_NAME
instruction.
LOAD_BY_NAME has two formats.
Format 1 selects a specific font
file. This format is primarily provided for compatibility with
earlier versions of GIDIS.
(See Chapter 6 for details.)
Format 2 (also called a family LOAD_BY_NAME) selects a typeface,
known in GIDIS as a font family and identified by a family ID.
When you do a Family LOAD_BY_NAME, you have really selected a
pool of fonts.
As you vary text attributes (such as unit cell
size) and
rendition
attributes
(such
as
bold),
GIDIS
automatically switches to the font file of the current family
that best satisfies the attributes you have selected.
(See
Chapter 6 for details.)

2.2.13

Dynamically Created Fonts

You can build a font with CREATE ALPHABET.
This instruction
establishes a storage cell size for each glyph in the font and
the number of glyphs it contains. When you build a font with
CREATE_ALPHABET you have two options for designing each glyph.
With LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL you define a glyph by rows of bit
patterns within a character cell. This method of defining glyphs
is well-suited to raster devices.
With BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER and END_DEFINE_CHARACTER, you create
a glyph by drawing into the character cell with any of the GIDIS
drawing
instructions.
All
instructions
between
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER and END_DEFINE_CHARACTER draw into the
character cell. This method of defining glyphs is well-suited to
any device.
A font created
disadvantages.

dynamically

with

CREATE_ALPHABET

has

certain

•

It takes time to build the font each time your application
runs.

•

The font remains defined only until you put another font into
its alphabet.

•

The font is stored in Read/Write memory.
expensive to swap it to disk.

As a result, it is

Thus, CREATE_ALPHABET should be used primarily for small, special
alphabets like a set of patterns for filling figures.
/

2-23

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

If you are using P/OS, you can store a dynamically created font
in a
font
file,
by using the GIFONT routine of the GIDIS Call
Interface.
See Chapter 4 and Appendix D for details.
Table 2-5 summarizes GIDIS instructions for alphabets and fonts.

Table 2-5:

Alphabet and Font Instructions

Instruction

Action

SET_ALPHABET

Selects the current alphabet.

LOAD_BY_NAME(l)

Loads the specified font file
into the current alphabet.

LOAD_BY_NAME(2)

Associates the current alphabet
with the specified font family.

CREATE_ALPHABET

Reserves storage space for a new
alphabet font. Specifies the
number of glyphs in the alphabet
and the size of glyphs in the
font.

LOAD_CHARACTER CELL

Defines a glyph in terms of bit
patterns within a character cell.

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Starts a character definition
block. All subsequent
instructions draw into the
chaPacter cell.

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Completes a character' definition
block and draws the glyph.

2-24

INTRODUCTION TO GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

2.2.14

Reports

You can ask GIDIS to generate various reports.
You do this by
issuing the appropriate request instruction.
You read the report
using GIREAD, as described in Chapter 4 (for P/OS) or Chapter 5
(for RT-11).
You can use reports to control program flow.
For example,
the
position after a DRAW_ARCS or DRAW_CHARACTERS (local symmetry)
may be different than what your program computes.
You can check
the actual current position with REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION.
You can also use reports during debugging.
In particular,
every
GIDIS instruction sets current status to SUCCESS or FAILURE.
You
may want to check current status after each GIDIS instruction
when debugging.
However, the cost of REQUEST_STATUS is too high
for such use in a running application.
Table 2-6
summarizes
instructions.

Table 2-6:

all

the

GI DIS

report

generating

Report Instructions

Instruction

Action

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

Reports in current GOS units the
cell width and height to specify
to generate standard size
characters.

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

Reports the current position.

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

Reports the attributes of the
current device's view surface.

REQUEST_STATUS

Reports the success or failure of
the last instruction.

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

Reports characteristics of the
current driver.

2-25

(

CHAPTER 3
PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX

The PRO/GIDIS interpreter accepts a
stream
instructions.
An instruction consists of an
(opcode) word, and some number of argument words.

of
PRO/GI DIS
operation code

The format of an opcode word is:
high byte

low byte

opcode

length

Most GIDIS instructions require a fixed number of arguments.
example, SET_POSITION needs exactly two arguments.

For

Some GIDIS instructions accept a variable number of arguments,
depending
on
whether
optional
arguments
are
included.
Instructions in this category
include:
LOAD_BY_NAME
and
CREATE_ALPHABET.
When an optional argument is omitted, GIDIS
supplies a default as described in Chapter 6.
Some fixed length instructions are repeatable.
You can repeat
some of the arguments without repeating the opcode.
For example,
DRAW_REL_LINES X1,
Y1,
X2,
Y2,
X3,
Y3 is
equivalent
to
DRAW_REL_LINES X1,
Y1 DRAW_REL_LINES X2, Y2, DRAW_REL_LINES X3,
Y3.
The instructions in this class include:
DRAW_LINES,
DRAW_REL_LINES, DRAW_ARCS, DRAW_REL_ARCS, DRAW_CHARACTERS, and
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS.

3.1

OPCODE BYTE

Each GIDIS instruction has a corresponding numeric code.
For
example, the INITIALIZE instruction has an opcode of 1, while the
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR instruction opcode is 21.
{Appendix A provides
a
list
of PRO/GIDIS instructions and their corresponding
opcodes.)
3-1

OPCODE BYTE

Your program can define PRO/GIDIS instruction names
constants.
For example, in MACR0-11, this could be:
G$INIT
G$PRIM

numeric

1.
21.

In FORTRAN, this could be:
INTEGER*2 GINIT,GPRIM
PARAMETER (GINIT = 1, GPRIM

21)

In PASCAL, this could be:
CONST
INITIALIZE = 1;
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR

3.2

21;

LENGTH BYTE AND THE ARGUMENT LIST

The length byte dictates the format of the instruction's argument
list:
counted or uncounted.
Generally, you use a counted list
for instructions with a fixed number of arguments,
and an
uncounted list for instructions with a variable number of
arguments.
However, you can use either a counted or uncounted
argument list with any instruction.
A length value in the range 0 to 254 indicates a counted argument
list.
For example,
if you specify a length value of two,
PRO/GIDIS expects two argument words as shown below:
. BYTE

2. '29 .

. WORD
. WORD

100 .
350 .

;Instruction data block length = 2
;Opcode for SET_POSITION instruction
29
;x coordinate for current position
;y coordinate for current position
;Following execution of this instruction,
;the current position is 100,350.

A length value of 255 indicates an uncounted argument list.
Uncounted
argument
lists
are
terminated by an END_LIST
instruction word (-32768), as shown below.
Thus an argument word
in an uncounted argument list cannot contain the value -32768.
.BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

255.,26.;introduces an uncounted argument list
;opcode for DRAW_REL - LINES
10 .
;dxl
-30 .
;dyl
20 .
;dx2
+60 .
;dy2
-32768. ;END_LIST instruction opcode word
3-2

SYNTAX ERRORS

3.3

SYNTAX ERRORS

If GIDIS does not recognize an instruction opcode,
it ignores
that instruction and accompanying arguments.
It also sets the
status flag to FAILURE.
If GIDIS encounters an instruction with
insufficient arguments,
it does not execute the instruction and
sets the status flag
to FAILURE.
If GIDIS encounters an
instruction with extra arguments, it executes the instruction as
though the extra arguments did not exist.
For example, a SET_POSITION instruction with only one argument is
ignored,
while a
SET POSITION with three arguments is executed
using only the first two arguments.
There are only two ways to confuse the GIDIS interpreter:
•

Use END_LIST as an argument word in an uncounted argument
list.

Specify an argument count that differs from the actual number
of arguments passed.

If you do either,
you must
reinitialize
INITIALIZE instruction in Chapter 6.

3-3

GIDIS.

See

the

CHAPTER 4
USING PRO/GIDIS WITH P/OS

This chapter describes how to use
the GIDIS Call
Interface
(GIDCAL)
with P/OS.
It assumes you understand the conceptual
framework of PRO/GIDIS (described in Chapter 2) and the PRO/GIDIS
instruction syntax (described in Chapter 3).

• Section 3.1 describes the GI DIS Call Interface (GIDCAL) .
• Section 3.2 describes the various devices accessed by GIDCAL .
• Section 3. 3 explains how to build a task with GIDCAL.
• Section 3 . 4 documents GIDCAL error reporting.
• Section 3. 5 lists sample programs for P/OS.
4.1

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

The GIDIS call interface (GIDCAL) allows you to access each of
the various GIDIS devices in the same way.
GIDCAL consists of
six routines:

GIOPEN

GIWRIT

GIREAD

GICLOS

GIFONT

4-1

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

•

GIPLAY

You access each routine by using the FORTRAN-compatible calling
sequence
(sometimes called the RS calling convention).
This
means arguments are passed by reference, RS is set to point to
the argument list, and Rl through RS are preserved by the called
routine.
These standard routines make
it easy for you to
develop
applications
in high-level
languages.
You can use GIDCAL from
MACR0-11 or any Tool Kit high-level
language that supports
FORTRAN-style calls.
Normally you use GIDCAL as follows:
1.

Select the GIDIS driver you want to use with GIOPEN.

Pass GIDIS instructions with one or more calls to GIWRIT.

Read reports from REQUEST-type instructions,
GIREAD.

Terminate the GIDIS connection with GICLOS.

if any, with

Each GIDCAL routine returns a
status code
that indicates the
results
of the
requested operation.
If the operation is
successful, a code of 1 is
returned.
If the operation is
unsuccessful,
a
two-word error code block is returned.
Section
4.4 explains how to interpret the codes.
You may have more than one GIDIS connection open at a time.
This
is useful if you want to print a GIDIS graphic while maintaining
a connection to video GIDIS.
GIDIS knows which driver to send
instructions to by the Logical Unit Number (LUN) you specify with
the GIOPEN call.

NOTE
Some high-level
languages may reserve certain
LUNs for their own use.
If this is the case, you
cannot access the
same LUN.
Check language
documentation prior to assigning LUNs.
The following sections describe each GIDCAL
routine and
its
arguments.
The actual syntax
for
passing these arguments is
specific to the high-level language you are using.
See
language
documentation for details.

4-2

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

(

4.1.1

GIOPEN

GIOPEN initiates contact with the GIDIS driver of your choice.
You choose a driver by specifying device type (Devtype} in the
list of arguments.
If you try to GIOPEN an active driver, Status
is set to (-1,-7).
A GIOPEN does not affect the state
currently selected remain in force.

GIDIS.

All

attributes

The list of arguments for GIOPEN follows.
GIOPEN (Status, LUN, Message, Msglen, Devtype, Driver}
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

Unit-number associated with this GIOPEN.
It
should be an integer from 0 to 15.
If not,
Status is set to (-5,-1).
If this LUN is
already assigned to a GIDIS driver, Status is
set to (-5,-4).

Message

Data to send to the driver when contact is
initiated.
Except as noted in Section 4.2,
Message should be a word containing a 0.

Msglen

The number of words in Message.
Except where
noted, it should be 1.
If Msglen is less than 0
or greater than 128, Status is set to (-5,-3).

Dev type

An integer that identifies the desired output
device.
If Devtype is invalid, Status is set to
(-5,-2).
If you try to GIOPEN a device for
which there is no driver, Status is set to
(-1,-2). The device types are:
- Disk File
- LA50
- LQP02
- LA100/LA210
- LVP16
- Other
- Video
- LN03
- Palette
9 - LQP03

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Driver

Normally a O.
It should be nonzero only if you
need to override the driver designated for the

4-3

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

device.
(See Section 4.2 for driver names.) If
you supply your own driver, identify it by the
task name, in Radix-50.
Normally, the argument list for GIOPEN is
Devtype, 0).

4.1.2

(Status,

LUN,

GIWRIT

GIWRIT outputs a buffer of GIDIS command data to the specified
GIDIS driver.
The data in a buffer does not have to start or end
on a command boundary.
The list of arguments for GIWRIT follows.
GIWRIT (Status, LUN, Message, Msglen)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

Identifies the GIDIS driver to talk to.
If no
GIOPEN has been done for the specified value,
Status is set to (-5,-1).

Message

The command data to send to the specified
driver.

Ms glen

The number of words in Message.
If it is less
than 0 or greater than 4095, Status is set to
( -5, -3).

4.1.3

GIREAD

GIREAD waits for GIDIS to return the report and places it in the
specified buffer.
If the
report is longer than the specified
buffer, the end of the report is truncated.
If the
report is
shorter than the specified buffer,
the trailing words of the
buffer are left unchanged.
The list of arguments for GIREAD follows.
GIREAD (Status, LUN, Buffer, Buflen)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

4-4

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

LUN

Identifies the GIDIS driver sending the report.
If no GIOPEN has been done for the specified
device driver, Status is set to (-5,-1).

Buffer

Room for the report returned by GIDIS.
Recall
that the first word of a report contains a
header specifying the type of report and the
number of words in the buffer.

Bu fl en

The number of words in the report buffer.

4.1.4

GICLOS

GICLOS tells the specified GIDIS to end the
connection.
GICLOS
does not return to its caller until the specified GIDIS has told
it that all picture data has been output to the device.
A GIDIS driver processes a GICLOS by simulating an END PICTURE
instruction.
(See Chapter 6 for details.) If the driver is not
Video GIDIS,
it exits when it has
finished processing the
picture.

If the driver is the type that buffers a picture before writing
it,
(for example,
G$BITM)
GICLOS causes picture output to
commence if either:
o

The user task has not done any END PICTURE commands.

•

The user task has done drawing commands since its last
END_PICTURE.

The list of arguments for GICLOS follows.
GICLOS (Status, LUN)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

Identifies the GIDIS driver to terminate.
If no
GIOPEN has been done for the specified value,
Status is set to (-5,-1).

4-5

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)
4.1.5

GIFONT

GIFONT is independent of the other routines in GIDCAL.
You use
it to create a font file from the font loaded into alphabet 15.
See CREATE_ALPHABET, SET_ALPHABET, BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER, and
LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL in Chapter 6 for information on how to create
a GIDIS font.
The list of arguments for GIFONT follows.
GIFONT (Status, File spec, Len, Region name, Buffer, APR, LUN)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

File spec

Name of the font file you want created in ASCII.
For example, "MYFONT.TSK."

Len

Number of characters in File spec.

Region name

Name (in Radix-50) to use for the font region
when the font file is later used by GIDIS. See
Appendixes c and D for details.

Buffer

256 word buffer that GIFONT uses as a temporary
work area.

APR

APR that GIFONT maps alphabet fifteen's font
into (8KB at a time).

LUN

Driver GIFONT should use when writing a font
File spec

If you want to create a stroke font file (as opposed to a raster
font file), you must run Plotter GIDIS. This ensures that the
font is properly stored. To indicate a stroke font in the .FDF
file (see Appendix D), specify a cell width and height of 1.

4.1.6

GIPLAV

Like GIFONT, GIPLAY is independent from the other
GIDCAL
routines.
GIPLAY plays back the specified .GID file to the
current output device, such as the video monitor. The file you
want to play back must be on the local node. Only one task at a
time can be doing a playback.

4-6

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

To use GIPLAY, you must first install the following file:
INSTALL [ZZSYS]CGLGRT.TSK
The list of arguments for GIPLAY follows:
GIPLAY (Status, LUN, File Spec, Len)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating
the
results
of
the
requested
operation.

LUN

Identifies the GIDIS driver writing the picture.
If no GIOPEN has been done for the specified
value, Status is set to (-5,-1).

File spec

Name of the file you want played back.

Len

Number of characters in File spec.
A File spec
can contain 1 to 59 characters.
A length
outside these bounds returns a
Status
of
(-5,-5).

4.2

DEVICES ACCESSED BY GIDCAL

The Devtype value defined in a GIOPEN tells GIDIS which driver to
access.
Information about each device and its associated driver
follows.

4.2.1

Disk File

The Message argument to GIOPEN should be the file
specification
that is the output device.
There should be a null byte following
the characters in the file spec.
The Msglen argument to GIOPEN
is the number of words in the file spec.
Thus, whether the file
specification is "A.GID" or "AB.GID", Msglen contains 3.
Calling GICLOS closes the file.
The driver is the task G$FILE.

4-7

DEVICES ACCESSED BY GIDCAL

4.2.2

LA50

The device area is assumed to be 8 inches wide by 10 and 2/3
inches high.
The picture is automatical
drawn to best fill the
available area, so a landscape picture is drawn sideways.
Picture drawing starts when an END PICTURE instruction is
(or GICLOS simulates one).

issued

The driver is the task G$BITM.

4.2.3

LQP02

No GIDIS driver is supplied for the LQP02.
However, GIOPEN tries
to access a
task named G$LQP.
If G$LQP does not exist, GIOPEN
fails with Status set to (-1,-2).

4.2.4

LA 1OO/LA210

The device area is assumed to be 8 inches wide by 10 and 2/3
inches high.
The picture is automatically drawn to best fill the
available area, so a landscape picture is drawn sideways.
Picture drawing starts when an END_PICTURE instruction is
(or GICLOS simulates one).

issued

The driver is the task G$BITM.

4.2.5

LVP16, HP7475, HP7470 Plotters

The user controls the device area by setting a dip switch.
If
set to A3,
the area is about 17 inches wide by 11 inches high.
If set to A4, the area is about 10 inches wide by 7.5 inches
high.
The picture is automatically drawn to best fill the
available area, so a portrait picture is drawn sideways.

NOTE
The large paper size and portrait output
apply to the HP7470.
The driver is the task G$HPGL.

4-8

not

DEVICES ACCESSED BY GIDCAL

4.2.6

Other Device

This device type is for accessing a private GIDIS.
This allows
third-party suppliers to develop alternative GIDIS devices.
The
format and content of the initialization message depend on the
device supplier.
However, we do suggest that suppliers allow a
one-word message containing a zero.
No device driver is supplied for device type Other.
However,
GIOPEN tries to access a task named G$0TH.
If the device
supplier gives his GIDIS driver a different name than G$0TH,
he
must specify that name in the Driver argument to GIOPEN.
Remember, the driver name should be the task name in Radix-SO.

4.2.7

Professional Video

The device area is the entire screen.
by 5 units high.

The screen is 8 units wide

Picture drawing occurs as GIDIS instructions are received.
The driver is part of the Terminal Subsystem.

4.2.8

LN03

issued

The driver is the task G$BITM.

4.2.9

Polaroid Palette

The device area is the entire print or slide.
units wide by 3 units high.

It is nominally

Picture drawing starts when an END_PICTURE instruction is issued
(or when GICLOS simulates one).
During picture drawing, the
Palette driver uses the video screen as a work area.
When a
slide camera is being used, GIOPEN opens the camera's shutter;
GICLOS closes it and advances the film.

4-9

DEVICES ACCESSED BY GIDCAL

The driver is the task G$PAL.
If it sets Status to (-6, any), it
means a Palette I/O error has occurred. The second word of
Status is the code returned by the Palette system.
Table 4-1
lists the error codes, their meanings, and user actions.

Table 4-1:

GIDCAL Palette Errors

Error

User Action

Invalid Palette
command

Report to Polaroid
if the error
recurs.

"1"

Invalid argument to
Palette command

Report to Polaroid
if the error
recurs.

112 II

Filter wheel error

Report to Polaroid
if the error
recurs.

"3"

Communications
error

Try readjusting
RS-232 cable. If
the error recurs,
report to Polaroid.

"4"

No vertical sync

Try readjusting
video cables and
turning Palette off
and on. If the
error recurs,
report to Polaroid.

Palette
Code

Decimal
Value

"0"

4.2.10

LQP03

No GIDIS driver is supplied for the LQP03.
However, GIOPEN tries
to access a task named G$LQP.
If G$LQP does not exist, GIOPEN
fails with Status set to (-1,-2).

4-10

BUILDING A TASK WITH GIDCAL

4.3

BUILDING A TASK WITH GIDCAL

GIDCAL is part of the PRO/Tool Kit.
To link GIDCAL with your
task,
specify GIDCAL/LB
just as you would for any other .OLB
file.
GIDCAL.OLB is on LB:[l,5].
GIDCAL, without GIFONT,
uses
about 800 words of your address space.
When you use GIFONT, you must include RMS in your task, plus room
for the data area you pass to it.
Note the
4.4.2.

4.3. 1

driver-specific

instructions

Sections

4.4.1

and

Video GIDIS

•

When accessing Video GIDIS, GIDCAL uses one event flag (EFN).
The default EFN is 29.
If you want to give the EFN a
different value, specify GBLDEF=GI$EFN:value in the task
build command file.

•

GIOPEN assigns the LUN you specified, if Devtype is Video.

4.3.2

Other GIDIS Drivers

•

The GIDIS tasks G$BITM, G$HPGL, and G$PAL were built with an
assigned ASG of the form ASG=LP:l.
When one of these tasks
starts up, it attaches the device associated with LUN 1;
consequently, you cannot attach this device.

Do not use the RSUM$ and SPND$ system directives with GIDCAL.

GICLOS sends a one-word message that contains a -1.
Therefore, you should not send such a buffer using GIWRIT.

•

If you plan to access an LASO, LA100, or LN03, put INSTALL
[ZZSYS]GIBITM in your installation file.
If you plan to
access Palette, put INSTALL [ZZSYS]GIPAL in your installation
file.
If you plan to access a private GIDIS, add the
appropriate INSTALL command to your installation file.

4-11

ERROR REPORTING

4.4

ERROR REPORTING

All GIDCAL routines return a two-word status value.
If the value
of the
first word is less than 0, an error was detected.
The
first word identifies the class of error;
the second word
identifies which error of the class has occurred.
Table 4-2
lists the error classes and user actions to deal with the
problem.

Table 4-2:

GIDCAL Errors listed by Class - P/OS

Code

Meaning

-1

Directive error

User Action

Refer to RSX-llM/M-Plus

Executive Reference
Manual for specific
error.
-2

I/O Error

Refer to IAS/RSX-11
Operations Reference
Manual for specific
error.

-3

RMS Error

Refer to RMS-11 Macro
Programmer's Guide for
specific error.

-4

Internal error in GIDIS
driver

Report error to
DIGITAL.

-5

Interface error

Refer to Table 4-3 for
specific errors.

-6

Palette driver error

Refer to Table 4-1 for
specific error.

An error is driver-related if the
first word of Status is
anything but -5.
This usually indicates a device problem (for
example, the device is offline), but it could also mean that you
passed a bad File spec to File GIDIS.
Table 4-3 lists the types
of errors for the value -5.

4-12

ERROR REPORTING

Table 4-3:

Code

-1

GIDCAL Interface Errors - P/OS

Error

User Action

Invalid or unassigned

Assign LUN with GIOPEN.

LUN

-2

Invalid device type

See Section 4.3.

-3

Improper message length

Assign Msglen within
range.

-4

LUN already attached to
a GIDIS driver

Select a new LUN.

4-13

SAMPLE P/OS PROGRAMS

4.5

SAMPLE P/OS PROGRAMS

4.5.1
OBUF:
RBUF:

Sample MACR0-11 Program
.BLKW
.BYTE
. BLKW

2.
0.,55.
3.

MOV #OARG, RS
JSR PC,GIOPEN
TST
STAT
BLE
ERROR
MOV #WARG, R5
JSR PC,GIWRIT
TST
STAT
ERROR
BLE
MOV #RARG, R5
JSR PC, GI READ
STAT
TST
ERROR
BLE

;Length=O REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

;SEND INSTRUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
;BRANCH IF GIOPEN FAILED

;SEND INSTRUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
;BRANCH IF GIWRIT FAILED
;READ THE REPORT
;READ THE REPORT
;BRANCH IF GIREAD FAILED
NEW CONTENTS OF RBUF:
BYTE AT RBUF
2.
(LENGTH)
BYTE AT RBUF+1
1.
(CURRENT POSITION REPORT HDR)
RBUF+2:
CURRENT X POSITION
RBUF+4:
CURRENT Y POSITION

MOV #CARG, RS
JSR PC, GICLOS
STAT
TST
ERROR
BLE

;BRANCH IF GICLOS FAILED

; Error handling routine

ERROR:
OARG:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

6. '0
STAT
LUN
OPMSGL
OPMLEN
DEVTYP
DRIVER

WARG:

. BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

4. ' 0.
STAT
LUN
OBUF
MS GLEN

4-14

SAMPLE P/OS PROGRAMS
RARG:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

4. , 0.
STAT
LUN
RBUF
BUFLEN

CARG:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

2. , 0.
STAT
LUN

STAT:
LUN:
OPMSGL:
OPMLEN:
DEVTYP:
DRIVER:
MSGLEN:
BUFLEN:

. WORD
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD

0. '0 .
5.
1.
0.

4.5.2

0.
1.
3.

Sample FORTRAN Program

INTEGER*2
INTEGER*2
OBUF

OBUF
RBUF(3),STAT(2)

= 55*256+0

!OPCODE 55=REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
!LENGTH=O

CALL GIWRIT (STAT, 5, OBUF, 1)
IF (STAT.LE.0) GO TO 999
!BRANCH IF GIWRIT FAILED
CALL GIREAD (STAT, 5, RBUF,
IF (STAT.LE.0) GO TO 999

3)
!BRANCH IF GIREAD FAILED

NEW CONTENTS OF RBUF:
RBUF(l):
258 (i.e., 1*256+2 BECAUSE
1 = THE REPORT HDR AND 2 = LENGTH OF DATA FOLLOWING)
RBUF(2):
CURRENT X POSITION IN GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE
RBUF(3):
CURRENT Y POSITION IN GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE
999

ERROR FOUND

4-15

CHAPTER 5
USING PRO/GIDIS WITH RT-11

This chapter describes how to pass instructions to the GIDIS
interpreter
under
RT-11.
It assumes you understand the
conceptual framework of PRO/GIDIS (described in Chapter 2) and
the PRO/GIDIS instruction syntax (described in Chapter 3).
RT-11 requires that the FPU (floating point unit) hardware be
installed on the Professional running PRO/GIDIS. RT-11 VS.2 runs
PRO/GIDIS only as the foreground job under the XM monitor.
Information in Chapter 6 about other devices does not apply to
PRO/GIDIS under RT-11.
PRO/GIDIS requires two files:
GIDIS.SAV
and
ALPHOO.FNT.
GIDIS.SAV is the utility save image. ALPHOO.FNT is the default
GIDIS font file.
Both files must be on the system (SY:) device.
Issue the following command to start
available to application programs:

PRO/GIDIS

and

PRO/GIDIS

using

make

.FRUN GIDIS.SAV
RT-11 provides
interfaces.

software

access

•

The GIDCAL interface (GIDIS call routines)

•

The MACR0-11 interface (.SPFUN programmed request)

•

The FORTRAN interface (ISPFN/ISPFNC/ISPFNF/ISPFNW)

three

The Professional Interface (PI) handler controls the operation of
PRO/GIDIS and is transparent to the user. PRO/GIDIS instructions
from application programs are sent to and received from PI using
any of the above interfaces.

5-1

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

5.1

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

Under RT-11, the GIDCAL routines consist of four
subroutines:
e

GIOPEN

GIWRIT

GIREAD

GICLOS

The subroutines are located
SYSLIB.OBJ.

the

system

FORTRAN

subroutine

system

library

With the following exceptions, the GIDCAL routines work the
under RT-11 as they do under P/OS .
•
•

same

GIFONT and GIPLAY, two GIDCAL routines available under P/OS,
are not currently supported.
For RT-11 V5.2, GIDCAL addresses only the PRO Video (Devtype
6) •

•

In GIWRIT the maximum message length (msglen) is 2048 decimal
words.

Normally you would use GIDCAL as follows:
1.

Initiate the GIDIS operation with GIOPEN.

Pass GIDIS instructions with one or more calls to GIWRIT.

Read reports from REQUEST-type instructions, if any, with
GIREAD.

Terminate the GIDIS connection with GICLOS.

NOTE
Some high-level languages may reserve certain
LUNs for their own use.
If this is the case, you
cannot access the same LUN.
Check language
documentation prior to assigning LUNs.
5-2

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)
The following sections describe each GIDCAL routine and its
arguments.
The actual syntax for passing these arguments is
specific to the high-level language you are using.
See language
documentation for details.

5.1.1

GIOPEN

GIOPEN initiates contact with the Professional interface
(PI)
handler and assigns a logical unit number (LUN) for this GIDIS
operation. A GIOPEN does not affect the state of GIDIS.
All
attributes currently selected remain in force.
To initialize the Professional video screen,
execute
the
INITIALIZE -1 (complete initialization) instruction, followed by
the NEW_PICTURE instruction.
The list of arguments for GIOPEN follows.
GIOPEN (Status, LUN, Message, Msglen, Devtype, Driver)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

Unit-number associated with this GIOPEN.
It
should be an integer from 0 to 15.
If not,
Status is set to (-5,-1).
If this LUN is
already connected to a GIDIS operation, Status
is set to (-5,-4).

Message

Data to send to Video GIDIS.
a word containing a 0.

Msglen

The number of words in Message.
Except where
noted, it should be 1.
If Msglen is less than 0
or greater than 128, Status is set to (-5,-3).

Dev type

An integer that identifies the desired output
device.
For RT-11 V5.2 only Devtype 6 is valid.
Integer values 0 through 5, 7 and 8 are
reserved.
If Devtype is invalid, Status is set
to (-5,-2).

Driver

0, as RT-11 accesses only video GIDIS

Normally, the argument list for GIOPEN is
Devtype, 0) •

5-3

Message should be

(Status,

LUN,

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

5.1.2

GIWRIT

GIWRIT outputs a buffer of GIDIS command data to the
specified
GIDIS driver.
The data in a buffer does not have to start or end
on a command boundary.
The list of arguments for GIWRIT follows.
GIWRIT (Status, LUN, Message, Ms

en)

used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

Status

A two-word integer array

LUN

Identifies the unit number assigned by GIOPEN.
If no GIOPEN has been done for the specified
value, Status is set to (-5,-1).

Message

The command data to send to Video GIDIS

Ms glen

The number of words in Message.
If it is less
than 0 or greater than 2048 (decimal words),
Status is set to (-5,-3).

5.1.3

GIREAD

GIREAD waits for GIDIS to return the report and places it in the
specified buffer.
If the
report is longer than the specified
buffer, the end of the report is truncated.
If the
report
is
shorter than the specified buffer,
the trailing words of the
buffer are left unchanged.
The list of arguments for GIREAD is as follows.
GIREAD (Status, LUN, Buffer, Buflen)
Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

The unit number assigned by GIOPEN.
If no
GIOPEN has been done for the specified device
driver, Status is set to (-5,-1).

Buffer

Room for the report returned by GIDIS.
Recall
that the first word of a report contains a
header specifying the type of report and the
number of words in the buffer.

Buf len

The number of words in the report buffer.

5-4

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)
5.1.4

GICLOS

GICLOS ends the GIDIS connection to the Professional interface
handler.
The output device treats a GICLOS subroutine as an
END_PICTURE instruction. Control is returned to the calling
program once all data specified by the GIWRIT subroutine has been
sent to the output device.
(See Chapter 6 for details.)
The list of arguments for GICLOS is as follows.
GICLOS (Status, LUN)

Status

A two-word integer array used to return a code
indicating the results of the requested
operation.

LUN

The unit number to terminate.
If no GIOPEN has
been done for the specified value, Status is set
to (-5,-1).

5.1.5

GIDCAL Error Reporting

GIDCAL subroutines can return the following error. codes and
subcodes in the two-word status array. The first word specifies
the class of the error; the second word specifies the type of
error within the class.
GIDCA running under RT-11 returns three classes of errors
in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1:

G!DCAL Errors Listed by Class - RT-11

Code

Meaning

-1

Directive error

-5

Interface error

-7

Operating System Error

5-5

listed

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

The directive error code (-1) can return the following subcode:
-1

No handler.

The interface error code (-5)
Table 5-2.

Table 5-2:

The output device handler is not loaded.
returns

the

subcodes

listed

GIDCAL Interface Errors - RT-11

Code

Error

-1

Invalid or unassigned LUN

-2

Invalid device type

-3

Improper message length

-4

LUN already attached to a GIDIS driver

In addition to the directive and interface errors,
RT-11 also
reports operating system errors (-7). Table 5-3 describes the
specific errors within this class.

Table 5-3:

Code

RT-11 Operating System Errors

Error

Codes returned during a GIDIS operation
-1

Required argument missing. A required
argument in a GIDCAL subroutine is not
specified.

-2

Handler not found. The indicated file was not
found on the device.

-3

File not found. The indicated file was not
found on the device.

5-6

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

Code

Error

-4

File open on nonsharable or
non-file-structured device.

-5

An attempt was made to read or write past the
end-of-file (EOF) mark.

-6

Hard error. The GIDIS operation experienced a
hard error on the output device.

Codes returned when the .SERR programmed request is in effect.
-129

Called USR from completion routine.

-130

No device handler; this operation needs one.

-131

Error doing directory I/O.

-132

.FETCH error. An I/O error occurred while the
handler was being used, or an attempt was
made to load the handler over USR or RMON.

-133

Error reading an overlay.

-134

No more room for files in the directory.

-135

Reserved.

-136

Invalid channel number; number is greater
than actual number of channels that exist.

-137

Invalid EMT, and invalid function code has
been decoded.

-138

Reserved.

-139

Reserved.

-140

Invalid directory.

-141

Unloaded XM handler.

-142

Reserved.

-143

Reserved.

-144

Reserved.

-145

Reserved.

5-7

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

5.1.6

Code

Error

-146

Reserved.

Sample Program Using GIDIS Cali Interface

The following
FORTRAN program
fragment
uses
subroutines to request the current cursor position.

the

GIDCAL

Declare storage.

c
BUFLEN , LUN , MSGLEN , OCLEN , OPCODE
BUFFER( 3 ) , MESSAG( 1 ) , STATUS( 2 )

INTEGER*2
INTEGER*2

c
C

User program begins here ...

c
C

Assign Logical Unit Number.

c
5

LUN

c
c

Assign opcode (REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION) and opcode
length (0).

c
OPCODE
OCLEN

55*256
0

c
C
C

Insert opcode and opcode length into message buffer
(one word) .

c
c
c
c

MESSAG( 1 )

OPCODE + OCLEN

MS GLEN

Send the message to GIDIS
CALL

GIWRIT( STATUS , LUN , MESSAG , MSGLEN )

c
C

Check for errors.

c
IF

STATUS( 1 ) .LE. 0 ) GOTO 999

c
C

Assign buffer length for report.

5-8

THE GIDIS CALL INTERFACE (GIDCAL)

c
BUFLEN

c
C

Get a report from GIDIS.

CALL

GIREAD( STATUS , LUN , BUFFER , BUFLEN )

c
C

Check for errors.

c
IF

STATUS( 1 ) .LE. 0 ) GOTO 999

c
C

Contents of BUFFER after successful return:

c
c
c
c

BUFFER( 1 )

BUFFER( 2
BUFFER( 3

258
(1*256) + 2 )
1 = Report header,
2 = Number of data elements in buffer
= Current "X" position in GIDIS output space
Current "Y" position in GIDIS output space

User program continues from here ...

c
c
c

Handle errors.
999

c
c

End of GIDCAL example.

c
END

5-9

THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

5.2

THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

With the MACR0-11 interface,
PRO/GIDIS
instructions
from
application
programs
are
sent to and received from the
Professional interface handler using the
.SPFUN
programmed
request.
The
.SPFUN programmed request is located in the
distributed RT-11 MACRO library SYSMAC.SML.
RT-11 supports PRO/GIDIS from MACR0-11
or
any
supported
high-level language that uses external MACR0-11 routines. The
recommended method is to write callable MACR0-11 routines that
issue the .SPFUN programmed request.
For information on calling
the .SPFUN programmed request from a supported
high~level
language, refer to the documentation for that language.
When programming for GIDIS using the
.SPFUN request of ISPFN
subroutines, you should initialize GIDIS before sending it your
GIDIS instructions.
Perform the following operations each time
you begin a new program:
1.

Establish a channel to PI with the .LOOKUP request.

Issue an .SPFUN 371 request and specify -1 for the went
argument.

Issue an .SPFUN 371 with the INITIALIZE instruction.

Issue the .SPFUN 371 that writes your data buffer to GIDIS.

RT-11 requires PRO/GIDIS to be the highest priority job.
The following is a simplified illustration of the RT-11 PRO/GIDIS
data path:

.SPFUN 371
APPLICATION
PROGRAM

)

PROFESSIONAL
INTERFACE
HANDLER

GIDIS
UTILITY

.SPFUN 370

VIDEO
TERMINAL
DISPLAY

5-10

THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

(

5.2.1

.SPFUN 371

The .SPFUN 371 writes (sends) one or more PRO/GIDIS instructions
and
their associated parameter values to the Professional
interface handler in a buffer. The buffer must begin at an even
address. The Professional interface handler passes the buffer to
the GIDIS utility for processing. You can pass a maximum of 2048
(decimal) words to the PI handler in one .SPFUN 371 request.
The following is the structure of the
.SPFUN 371 programmed
request when used with the Professional interface handler.
Macro Call:

.SPFUN

area,chan,func,buf,wcnt,blk

area

Is the address of a six-word EMT argument block

chan

Is the channel number in the range 0 to 376 (octal)

func

Is 371

buf

Is the address of the buffer containing the input to
the GIDIS utility.
Buf must start on a word
boundary

bent

Is the number of bytes of information being sent

blk

Is zero

The .SPFUN 371 request can return error codes; see the
Programmer's.Reference Manual for complete information.

RT-11

Issuing a REQUEST_STATUS instruction returns a report on the
success or failure of an instruction sent by .SPFUN 371. Check
the carry bit on return from .SPFUN 371 to determine whether the
instruction was successfully sent to PRO/GIDIS.

5.2.2

.SPFUN 370

The .SPFUN 370 reads (returns) a buffer of information generated
from a PRO/GIDIS REQUEST-type instruction (sent using .SPFUN
371).
The buffer must begin at an
even
address.
The
Professional interface handler passes the buffer address to
PRO/GIDIS, and PRO/GIDIS loads the information into the buffer.
The following is the structure of the
.SPFUN 370 programmed
request when used with the Professional interface handler.

5-11

THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
Macro Call:

.SPFUN

area,chan,func,buf,bcnt,blk

area

Is the address of a six-word EMT argument block

ch an

Is the channel number in the range 0 to 376 {octal)

func

Is 370

buf

Is the address of the buffer containing the input to
the GIDIS utility.
Buf must start on a word
boundary

went

Is the maximum number of words the GIDIS utility can
place in the buffer

blk

Is zero

The .SPFUN 370 request can return error codes;
see the
Programmer's Reference Manual for complete information.

5.2.3

RT-11

SAMPLE MACR0-11 PROGRAM

The following example returns the current position of the cursor.
G$RCP=:55.
G$INT=: 1.

Specify instruction
codes

.LOOKUP #IOAREA,#0,#PIBLK
BCS
ERROR

Open PI on channel 0
Check for success

.SPFUN
BCS

#IOAREA,#0,#371,,#-1,#0
Initialize GIDIS
ERROR
Check for success

.SPFUN

#IOAREA,#0,#371,#REQPOS,#3,#0
Send the instructions
to initialize GIDIS
internal symbols and
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION.

BCS

ERROR

.SPFUN

#IOAREA,#0,#370,#REPBUF,#3,#0
Read the current
position.
ERROR
Check for success

BCS

Check for success

5-12

THE MACR0-11 PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

.SPFUN 370 causes the following report to be
placed in REPBUF:
BYTE 2.
BYTE 1.
WORD x
WORD y

(number of data words following).
(CURRENT_POSITION_REPORT
identifier).
(PRO/GIDIS coordinates
for current position).

The current position of the cursor will be in
the second and third words of REPBUF.

IOAREA:
PIBLK:
REQPOS:

REPBUF:
ERROR:

5.3

.BLKW
.RAD50
.WORD
.BYTE
.WORD
.BYTE

/PI I
0,0,0
1,G$INT
-1
0,G$RCP

. BLKB

.SPFUN EMT argument block
File name in Radix-50 characters

Length=l, opcode = INITIALIZE
Initialize operand
Length=O,
opcode = REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION.
Buffer for info returned from GIDIS .
Error handling routine.

THE FORTRAN PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

FORTRAN
provides
its
own
system
subroutines
(ISPFN/ISPFNC/ISPFNF/ISPFNW)
that are used in the same manner as
the MACR0-11 .SPFUN programmed requests.
These subroutines are
described in Chapter 3 of the RT-11 Programmer's Reference
Manual. The four subroutines are located in the distributed
RT-11 system subroutine library SYSLIB.OBJ.
Follow the order of operations described in Section 5.2.
A sample FORTRAN
follows.

program

using

the

ISPFNW

system

subroutine

SAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM
The following example returns the current position of the cursor.

c
c
c

Sample FORTRAN program for PRO/GIDIS.

Declare storage.

c
INTEGER*2

RDCPOS , RQCPOS

5--13

THE FORTRAN PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
INTEGER*2
INTEGER*2

BLOCK I CHAN
FILSPC ( 4 )

BYTE

REPBUF( 6

DATA

FILSPC/ 3RPI

c
C

STATUS

WCNT

REQBUF( 2 )

0 I

Assign SPFUN function codes ( Read, Request ).

c
RDCPOS
RQCPOS

"370
"371

c
C

Initialize default values.

c
BLOCK

c
C

Get an RT-11 channel.

c
STATUS
IF
CHAN

IGETC ( )
( STATUS .EQ. -1 ) GOTO 900
STATUS

c
C

Open the PI handler.

c
STATUS
IF

LOOKUP( CHAN , FILSPC )
( STATUS .NE. 0 ) GOTO 910

c
C

Send the instruction to request from PI the current
position.

c
CODE
WCNT
STATUS
ISPFNW( CODE
IF

RQCPOS
1
I

CHAN I WCNT I REQBUF I BLOCK
( STATUS .NE. 0 ) GOTO 920

c
C

Read the current position.

c
RDCPOS
CODE
WCNT
3
STATUS
ISPFNW( CODE , CHAN , WCNT , REPBUF , BLOCK
IF
( STATUS .NE. 0 ) GOTO 930

c
C

User program continues from here ...

c
C

Close the channel.
5-14

THE FORTRAN PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

c
STATUS
IF

c
c
c

ICLOSE( CHAN )
( STATUS .NE. 0 ) GOTO 940

Return the channel to RT-11.
STATUS
IF

c
c
c

IFREEC( CHAN )
( STATUS .NE. 0 ) GOTO 950

Go to common exit.
GOTO

c
c
c

1000

Error messages begin.
900
1

TYPE
FORMAT
GOTO

( 1X, 'No channels available.'
1000

)

c
910
2

TYPE
FORMAT
GOTO

920
3

TYPE
FORMAT

( lX,
1000

'Lookup error on PI:.')

GOTO

( 1X , 'Error requesting current
position.' )
1000

c
930
4

TYPE
FORMAT

GOTO

( 1X , 'Error reading current
position.' )
1000

940
5

TYPE
FORMAT
GOTO

5
( 1X, 'FATAL - SYSTEM ERROR.'
1000

950

TYPE
FORMAT

6 , CHAN
( lX , ' Channe 1 ' I 2 ,
' is not currently allocated.'

c
)

c
6
1

c
c
c

Common Exit point.
1000

c
c
c

CALL

EXIT

End of sample FORTRAN program for PRO/GIDIS.
END

5-15

)

RESTRICTIONS

5.4

RESTRICTIONS

Observe the following restrictions when running
RT-11:

PRO/GIDIS

under

•

Run PRO/GIDIS only under the XM monitor.

•

Run PRO/GIDIS only as the foreground job using the FRUN
command.

•

The area operation instruction PRINT_SCREEN is not supported.

•

VT102 emulation is not supported.

5-16

CHAPTER 6
PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter contains detailed reference information for all
GIDIS instructions, which are listed in alphabetical order for
convenience.
The entry for
information:

each

GIDIS

instruction

includes

the

following

•

A brief description of the instruction.

•

Opcode - used by GIDIS to identify the instruction.

•

Length - specifies the number of arguments for the
instruction.

•

Format - lists and describes each argument.

•

Status - indicates conditions for success or failure of the
instruction.

•

Notes - explain in detail how to use the instruction.

•

Device Notes - describe behavior specific to particular GIDIS
drivers.

•

Example - lists excerpts from a sample MACR0-11 program that
uses the instruction.

Unless specified otherwise, all units are in GIDIS
(GOS).

6-1

Output

Space

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER

6.1

BEGIN DEFINE CHARACTER

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER starts a character definition block.
This
causes subsequent instructions to draw into the space associated
with the given character, rather than drawing into the entire
view
surface.
This
instruction
is
paired
with
the
END_DEFINE_CHARACTER instruction.

Opcode:

Length: 4 or 5

Format:

BEGIN DEFINE_CHARACTER char-index, width, nom-width,
nom-height, [left-offset]

char-index

The index of the character cell to be loaded.
This value must be within the extent of the
alphabet (See CREATE_ALPHABET), or -1.

width

This field is used only if the font is defined
as variable-width.
It then specifies (in GOS
units) the implicit movement that should be used
for the character being defined.
For example,
if nom-width were 60, width for i would be about
20 and width for m would be about 60.

nom-width

Nominal width.
The number
assign to alphabet width.

GOS

units

nom-height

Nominal height.
The number
assign to alphabet height.

GOS

units

left-offset

Identifies where the
character
is
placed
relative to the current position when it is
drawn.
Zero, the default, places the left edge
of
the character at the current position.
Values greater than 0 move the cell left; values
less than 0 move it right.
Units of movement
are the same as those for width.
Left-offset is
specified in GOS units.

Status:

SUCCESS if the current alphabet is not equal to 0 and is
not a loaded font, char-index is within the extent of
the current alphabet, and there are sufficient resources
to define this character; otherwise, FAILURE.

6-2

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
Notes:
•

Norn-width and nom-height select the natural shape of the
character.
If the character definition contains a circle,
th~~ drawing that character will yield a circle only when
unit cell width and height are proportional to nom-width and
nom-height.

•

Besides affecting shape, nom-width and nom-height control
resolution.
For example, although 10 x 20 is the same shape
as 100 x 200, the latter values give you finer drawing
control.

•

To define the error character and any undefined character
within a font, specify a char-index of -1.

•

A character created by a character definition block can be
manipulated (for example, scaled and rotated) like any other
GIDIS character.

•

You cannot use the following instructions in$ide a character
definition block:
BEGIN_DEFINE CHARACTER
LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
CREATE_ALPHABET
LOAD_BY_NAME

•

If BEGIN_DEFINE CHARACTER fails, GIDIS skips all subsequent
instructions until it encounters an END_DEFINE_CHARACTER or
INITIALIZE.
This includes report handling instructions.
For
example, the following sequence will hang your program:
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER that fails
request report
END_DEFINE_CHARACTER
read report

If left-offset is nonzero, the character should not be drawn
in replace, complement negate, or overlay negate modes.

•

To abort a character definition, send the INITIALIZE
instruction with any argument (including 0). An INITIALIZE 0
instruction aborts a character definition without affecting
anything else.

6-3

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER

•

This instruction implicitly saves all GIDIS attributes for
the duration of the BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER process.
The
END_DEFINE_CHARACTER instruction restores the saved GIDIS
attributes.
Table 6-1 lists the values in effect during the
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER process.

Table 6-1:

Attributes Initialized by BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Attribute

Value

output IDS width
output IDS height

nominal width
nominal height

output viewport
output viewport
output viewport
output viewport

0
0

x origin
y origin
width
height

GIDIS
GIDIS
GIDIS
GIDIS

output
output
output
output

space
space
space
space

output
output
output
output

clipping x origin
clipping y origin
clipping width
clipping height

nominal width
nominal height

x origin
y origin
width
height

0
0

nominal width
nominal height
0
0

nominal width
nominal height

current position x
current position y

area texture

solid

line texture

solid

logical
logical
logical
logical
cell
cell
cell
cell

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

x offset
y offset
width
height

0
0

1 hardware pixel
1 hardware pixel

unit size width
unit size height
display size width
display size height

nominal
nominal
nominal
nominal

cell movement mode flag

width
height
width
height

2 (implicit)
6-4

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
Attribute

Value

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

2 (implicit)
0
0

primary color
secondary color

character cell

all O's

plane mask

writing mode

overlay

Device Notes:

•

Plotter GIDIS does not store a character definition as a
raster, but rather as a sequence of strokes.

•

Except for Plotter GIDIS, a successful CREATE_ALPHABET
instruction ensures sufficient resources to store the
definition of the character.

•

In Video GIDIS, do not allow the terminal subsystem to do a
full screen scroll while defining a character.

Example:

This illustrates an entire character definitiion.

. BYTE

4. ,33 .

. BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

3.
9.
90.
225.

;assume current alphabet is 1, storage
;size of alphabet 1 is 9 by 9.
;length = 4,
;opcode for BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
;defining character 3
;width
;nom-width
;nom-height
;now ready to draw into the 9 x 9
;storage area using GOS of
;90 x 225.
;length = 2, opcode for SET_POSITION
;[0,100] is middle of left hand side.

. BYTE
.2,29 .
. WORD
0.
100 .
. WORD
. BYTE .255. ,25 . ;introduces uncounted argument list
;opcode for DRAW_LINES
;[40,200]
40 .
. WORD
6-5

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD

200 .
80.
100 .
4 0.
0.
0.
100 .
-32768.

.BYTE

0. ,36.

;[80,100]
;[40,0]
;[0,100]
;

;end list
;the four lines draw a diamond
;END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Figure 6-1 illustrates the character defined by this example.

Figure 6-1:

Sample Character

6-6

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

6.2

BEGIN FILLED FIGURE

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE starts the definition of a filled figure.
Use DRAW_LINES,
DRAW_REL_LINES, DRAW_ARCS, and DRAW REL_ARCS to
enter positions in the filled figure table.
Positions are stored
in
the
order
given.
A
corresponding END_FILLED_FIGURE
instruction is required to actually fill the figure.
Length:

Opcode:

Format:

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE sets the filled figure flag to TRUE.

•

You should not use the following PRO/GIDIS instructions
between a BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE instruction and its
corresponding END_FILLED_FIGURE.
(However, this is an
unenforced restriction.)
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE
DRAW_CHARACTERS
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
SET_OUTPUT IDS
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
SET_POSITION
SET_REL_POSITION

•

The filled figure table must contain at least 1 user-provided
point for any drawing to occur.
You can enter up to 255
points in the filled figure table. When GIDIS receives the
END_FILLED_FIGURE instruction, it adds the original current
position twice, as the first and last points of the figure.
Thus, GIDIS automatically closes figures for you.

•

If you specify too many points, GIDIS uses only the first 255
points. GIDIS ignores points that exceed the capacity of the
filled figure table.

•

An edge of the filled area is not guaranteed to be identical
to a line drawn through the same points, due to differences
in drawing direction and round-off errors.

6-7

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

•

You may draw lines that cross earlier lines in the filled
figure table.
Only the enclosed areas will fill.
Contrast
the examples below.
The first creates a square; the second,
a bow tie.

•

GIDIS attributes used in doing the fill are:
primary color,
secondary color, writing mode, plane mask, area texture cell,
area cell size, and area texture size.

•

Complement and complement-negate writing modes can give
unexpected results when filled figure areas overlap or abut.

•

To abort a filled figure definition, send the INITIALIZE
instruction with any argument (including 0). An INITIALIZE 0
instruction aborts a filled figure definition without
affecting anything else.

•

No drawing is done by the BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE instruction.

Example:
.BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
. BYTE

2.,29.
100 .
100.
0.,31 .

. BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

6.,26 .
+100 .
+O.
+O .
+100 .
-100 .
+O.

.BYTE

0.,32.

;Length=2,opcode for SET_POSITION
;Current position
; now [100,100]
;Length=O,opcode for BEGIN FILLED_FIGURE
;filled figure table now has [100,100]
;Length=4,opcode for DRAW_REL_LINES
;dxl
;dyl
;dx2
;dy2
;dx3
;dy3
;Adds points [200,100], [200,200],
and [100,200]
to
the filled figure table
;Length=O,opcode for END_FILLED_FIGURE
;Adds point [100,100] to table
;The area defined by [100,100],
[200,100], [200,200], [100,200], and
[100,100]--a square--is filled with
the current area texture governed by
the following writing attributes:
writing mode, color map entry,
plane mask, primary color,
secondary color.

6-8

BEGIN_FILLED FIGURE

Figure 6-2 illustrates the filled figure created by this example.

Figure 6-2:

Sample Filled Figure Square

Example:
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.BYTE

2. '29.
100.
100.
0.,31.

.BYTE
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD

6.,26.
+100.
+100 .
+O .
-100.
-100.
+100 .

. BYTE

0.,32 .

;Length=2,opcode for SET_POSITION
;Current position
now [100,100]
;Length=O,opcode for BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE
;filled figure table now has [100,100]
;Length=4,opcode for DRAW_REL_LINES
;dxl
;dyl
;dx2
;dy2
;dx3
;dy3
;Adds points [200,200], [200,100],
and [100,200] to
the filled figure table
;Length=O,opcode for END_FILLED FIGURE
;Adds point [100,100] to table
;The area defined by [100,100],
[200,200], [200,100], (100,200], and
[100,100]--a bow tie--is filled with
the current area texture governed by
the following writing attributes:
writing mode, color map entry,
plane mask, primary color,
secondary color.

6-9

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

Figure 6-3 illustrates the filled figure created by this example.

Figure 6-3:

Sample Filled Figure Bow Tie

6-10

CREATE_ALPHABET

6.3

CREATE ALPHABET

CREATE_ALPHABET reclaims
resources
used
for
the
current
alphabet's font and reserves resources for a new font with the
indicated storage size.
Storage size in bytes is:
30 +
(extent
* 2) + (width/8 rounded up) * height * (extent + 1) . See
Appendix C.
Length:

4, 5, or 6

Opcode:

Format:

CREATE_ALPHABET width, height, extent, flags,
[ initialize], [ave-width]

width

Is an integer in the
specifies the number
character pattern.

range
( 0 to 64)
that
of horizontal bits in a

height

Is an integer in the
specifies the number
character pattern.

range
(0 to 64)
of vertical bits

extent

Is an integer that specifies the number of
characters in the alphabet.
Character indices
can range from 0 to extent-1, (or 32 to extent
+31, if bit 8 of flags is set).

flags

Is a word that specifies one or more of the
character renditions and font attributes.
Table
6-2 lists the supported renditions.

Table 6-2:

CREATE ALPHABET Flags

Cell Rendition

Bit

value

Italics

Bold

Proportionally spaced

ASCII

256

6-11

that
in a

CREATE_ALPHABET

If ASCII (bit 8) is set,
you do not have
to
include
indices 0 through 31 in the font, and
the error character is automatically associated
with those indices.
initialize

W to initializes all
characters in the newly
created font.
If 0, initialize to blank.
If
not 0, initialize to solid.
If not present,
initialize to solid.

ave-width

Is the average width in pixels of glyphs in this
font.
It
is not a
true average,
but an
indication of how many characters fit
on an
average line of text when this font is used.
If
not specified, width is used.

Status:

SUCCESS if width is 0 to 64, height is 0 to 64,
current
alphabet number
is 1 to 15, extent is greater than or
equal to 0, storage size is less than 64 KB,
and there
are
sufficient
resources
to create the alphabet;
otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:
•

To only reclaim the memory used for an alphabet's current
font, execute a CREATE_ALPHABET instruction with width,
height or extent set to 0.

If alphabet 15 is current, CREATE_ALPHABET creates a region
CRE$AL.
See the description of the GIFONT routine in Chapter
4.

•

The largest allowable storage size on the Professional is
64KB.
If you create a font whose total size is greater than
8KB, the total extent must be less than or equal to 512.

Specify ave-width for proportionally spaced fonts; width for
monospaced fonts.

When describing a font in an .FDF file (see Appendix D), use
ave-width for proportionally spaced fonts and width for
rnonospaced fonts.

•

The true limits for font width and height are:
(width in
bytes) * (height) may not be greater than 512; height may not
be greater than 80.

•

SET_CELL_UNIT SIZE uses ave-width, when trying to select the
best font.

6-12

CREATE_ALPHABET

Device Notes:
•

For Plotter GIDIS, no storage is reserved when a
CREATE_ALPHABET is done.
Space is reserved per character as
character definition blocks are processed.

Example:

.BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD

4 • I 46 •
10 .
16.
32 .
8.

;Current alphabet is alphabet number 2
;Length=4, opcode for CREATE_ALPHABET
;width
;height
;extent
;rend-type bold
;Reclaims space occupied by alphabet 2's
current font, allocates space for a
new font, and initializes each
character in the font to a solid
block (because the initialize argument
is omitted).

6-13

DRAW_ARCS

6.4

DRAW ARCS

The DRAW_ARCS instruction draws one or more
starting
from
the
current position around
center(s).

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

DRAW_ARCS

circular arcs
the
specified

3N
x, y, angle

Specifies the x coordinate of the
point

arc's

center

Specifies the y coordinate of the
point

arc's

center

angle

The angle for the arc is given in degrees,
with
a positive value meaning counter-clockwise with
respect to the view surface.
For example,
an
angle of zero means no drawing is done; +360 or
-360 means a full circle is drawn.

Status:

SUCCESS if angle is from -360 to +360 and there
is
filled figure table overflow; otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:
•

DRAW_ARCS is a repeatable instruction.
You can, for example,
draw three connected arcs by specifying:
xl, yl, anglel, x2,
y2, angle2, x3, y3, angle3.
The coordinates can be specified
either in a counted argument list (with the count supplied in
the opcode word), or in an uncounted argument list (with 255
in the opcode word and an END_LIST instruction after the last
argument).
See END_LIST.

•

GIDIS draws an arc as a series of straight lines.
The
PRO/GIDIS interpreter calculates one line endpoint per 10
degrees of arc (or portion thereof), regardless of the size
of the circle.

If the filled figure flag is TRUE then, instead of drawing
the arc, all internally calculated line endpoints are added
to the filled figure table.

•

The current position is left at the end of the arc, whether
the instruction returns SUCCESS or FAILURE.

6-14

DRAW_ARCS

•

Full quadrant arcs (1/4 circle) always end at the exact point
expected.
Fractional quadrant arcs end at the closest
available point.
Multiple fractional quadrant arcs are not
guaranteed to end at the exact point predicted by your
program.
For example, a full circle drawn as a 103 degree
arc and a 257 degree arc is not guaranteed to leave the
current position exactly where it started.

•

DRAW_ARCS is affected by the following GIDIS attributes:
writing mode, primary color, plane mask, secondary color,
pixel size, line texture, and filled figure flag.

•

DRAW_ARCS modifies the view surface only inside the clipping
rectangle.

Example:

;Not in a filled figure definition
;(filled figure flag is FALSE)
;Current position is [500,300]
• BYTE

3. ,23 .

;Length=3, opcode for DRAW_ARCS

.WORD
. WORD
. WORD

400.
300 .
180 .

:x coordinate of center
;y coordinate of center
;180 degrees is one-half a circle
; (counter-clockwise)
;Draws the top half of the circle
;centered at (400,300] with radius 100
;Middle of the arc is [400,200]
;New current position is [300,300]

Figure 6-4 shows the arc created by this sample program.

Figure 6-4:

\
Sample Arc

6-15

DRAW_ARCS

Example:
;Not in a filled figure definition
;(filled figure flag is FALSE)
;Current position is [500,300]
. BYTE

3. ,23 .

;Length=3, opcode for DRAW_ARCS

.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

100.
300.
-90.

;y coordinate of center

:x coordinate of center
;90 degrees is one-fourth of a circle
(clockwise)
;Draws a quadrant
;centered at [100,300] with radius 400
;Middle of the arc is [300,400)
;New current position is [100,700]

Example:
;Inside a filled figure definition
(filled figure flag is TRUE)
;Current position is [500,300]
. BYTE

3.,23 .

;Length=3, opcode for DRAW_ARCS

. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

400 .
300 .
-90 .

;Center is [400,300]
;90 degrees = 1 quadrant
;Adds eight line endpoints
;(internally calculated)
;plus [400,400] to filled
;figure table
;New current position is [400,400]

6-16

DRAW_CHARACTERS

6.5

DRAW CHARACTERS

The DRAW_CHARACTERS instruction draws the character identified by
the specified character index.
The character is taken from the
currently selected alphabet.

Opcode:

Length:

Format: DRAW_CHARACTERS
char-index
Status:

char-index

Is an unsigned 16-bit word

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

DRAW_CHARACTERS is a repeatable instruction.
You can, for
example, draw several characters in succession by specifying:
char-indexl, char-index2, char-index3,
char-indexn.
You can specify characters in either a counted argument list
(with the count supplied in the opcode word) or in an
uncounted argument list (with 255 in the opcode word and an
END_LIST after the last argument.) See END LIST.

•

DRAW_CHARACTERS is affected by several attributes:
unit and
display cell size, cell slant, cell rotation, rendition mask,
current alphabet, writing mode, primary and secondary color,
and plane mask.

•

If the specified character index is outside the extent of the
current alphabet, the error character is drawn.
Unless
otherwise specified in the font itself, the error character
is a checkerboard.

•

The current position is updated after a character is drawn
according to the cell movement controls.
(See the
descriptions of the SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE and
SET_CELL EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT instructions.)

•

To delete a proportionally spaced character, specify erase
writing mode, specify mirrored text by negating the display
cell width, and then redraw the character.

When using local symmetry, the current position after a
DRAW_CHARACTERS instruction could be different from that
calculated by your program.
It is suggested that any series
of DRAW_CHARACTERS instructions be followed by a SET_POSITION
instruction or a REQUEST_POSITION instruction, unless you do
not care exactly where the string ends.

6-17

DRAW_CHARACTERS

•

DRAW_CHARACTERS modifies the view surface only inside the
clipping rectangle.

•

See also DRAW PACKED_CHARACTERS.

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

3. ,35 .
65 .
66 .
67 •

;Current alphabet = 0 (DEC Multinational)
;Length=3, opcode for DRAW_CHARACTERS
I A,
, B,

, c,
Draws A, B, C from current font for
alphabet 0

Example:

.BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

255.,35.

;Current alphabet = 1 (user-defined)
;introduces uncounted argument list
; opcode for DRAW_CHARACTERS

13 .
7.

45 .
-32768.

;END_LIST
;Draws 4 characters from alphabet 1,
which are user-defined characters

6-18

DRAW_LINES

6.6

DRAW LINES

The DRAW_LINES instruction draws a straight line from the current
position to the specified endpoint. The endpoint is specified as
an absolute coordinate pair.
Opcode:

Format:

DRAW_LINES

Lenqth:

2N
xend, yend

end

Specifies
endpoint

the

coordinate

the

line's

yend

Specifies
endpoint

the

coordinate

the

line's

Status:

SUCCESS, provided no filled
occurs; on overflow, FAILURE.

figure

table

overflow

Notes:

•

The DRAW_LINES instruction is repeatable. You could, for
example, draw 3 connected lines by specifying: xend1, yend1,
xend2, yend2, xend3, yend3. The coordinates can be specified
either in a counted argument list (with the count supplied in
the opcode word), or in an uncounted argument list (with 255
in the opcode word and an END_LIST instruction after the last
argument). See END_LIST.

•

The DRAW_LINES instruction is affected by the following
drawing attributes: writing mode, primary color, plane mask,
secondary color, pixel size, line texture, and filled figure
flag.

•

When the filled figure flag is TRUE, this instruction does
not draw a line from the current position to the specified
point. Instead, it tries to insert [xend, yend] into the
filled figure table.

•

The current position is updated whether the instruction
returns SUCCESS or FAILURE.

•

In complement and complement negate modes, the first pixel of
a line is skipped and the last pixel is drawn. But if [xend,
yend] is itself the current position, the 1 pixel is drawn.

•

DRAW_LINES modifies the view surface only inside the clipping
rectangle.

6-19

DRAW_LINES
Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

2.,25 .
150 .
200 .

;Not in a filled figure definition
;(filled figure flag is FALSE)
;Current position is [200,300]
; Length=2' opcode ·for DRAW_LINES
;Draw a line from [200,300]
;to [150,200]
;New current position is [150,200]

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

4. ,25 .
600 .
-10 .
300 .
+10 .

;current position is (150,200]
;not in a filled figure definition
;Length=4, opcode for DRAW_LINES
;xendl
;yendl
;xend2
;yend2
;Draw lines from [150,200] to [600,-10]
;then from [600,-10] to [300,10]
;New current position is [300,10]
;Note that both the -10 and the +10 are
;absolute coordinates.

Example:

.BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

;current position is [300,10]
;not in a filled figure definition
255.,25.;introduces uncounted argument list
;opcode for DRAW_LINES
;xendl
400 .
;yendl
40 .
-32768 . ;ENDLIST terminator value
;Draws a line from [300,10] to [400,40]
;New current position is [400,40]

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

. WORD

4. '25 .
300 .
200 .
300 .
300 .

;Inside a filled figure definition
; (filled figure flag is TRUE)
;Length=4, opcode for DRAW_LINES
;xendl
;yendl
;xend2
;yend2
;The points [300,200] and (300,300] are
;added to the filled figure table
;new current position is [300,300]

6-20

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS

6.7

DRAW_PACKED CHARACTERS

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS makes drawing of ASCII strings
more
efficient, because it enables you to pack two ASCII characters
into one word. You can use DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS for non-ASCII
alphabets,
if the indices are less than 255.
It uses the low
order
byte
before
the
high
order
byte.
Otherwise,
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS is equivalent to DRAW_CHARACTERS.

Opcode:

74 Length:

Format:

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS 2charindex

2charindex

Status:

is two 8-bit character indices

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS is appropriate for any alphabet whose
extent is less than 255.

•

A character index of 255 explicitly performs no operation.
Thus, if you want to draw 1 character, place 255 in the high
order byte of the argument.

•

Using a DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS instruction with repeated
arguments is the fastest way to draw a long string with
GIDIS.

•

DRAW PACKED_CHARACTERS is a repeatable instruction.
Characters can be specified either in a counted argument list
(with the count supplied in the opcode word) or in an
uncounted argument list (with 255 in the opcode word and an
END_LIST after the last argument).

•

The current position is updated after a character is drawn,
acco~ding to the cell movement controls.
(See
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE and SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT.)

•

To delete a proportionally spaced character, specify erase
writing mode, specify mirrored text by negating display cell
width, and then redraw the character.

•

When using local symmetry, the current position after a
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS instruction could be different from
that calculated by your program.
It is suggested that any
series of DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS instructions be followed by

6-21

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS

a SET_POSITION instruction or a REQUEST_POSITION instruction,
unless you do not care exactly where the string ends.
•

The DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS instruction is affected by several
attributes: unit and display size, cell slant, cell
rotation, rendition mask, current alphabet, writing mode,
primary and secondary color, and plane mask.

•

If the specified character index is outside the extent of the
current alphabet, the error character is drawn.
Unless
otherwise specified in the font itself, the error character
is a checkerboard.

•

DRAW_CHARACTERS modifies the view surface only inside the
clipping rectangle.

Example:
. BYTE
.BYTE
.BYTE
. BYTE

;assume current alphabet is 0
;length=3 words,opcode for
;DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
116., 101. ;'t', 'e'
115. ,116. ;'s', 't'
; '1', "no character"
49. ,255 .
;draws the string "testl"
3.,74 .

Example:
. BYTE
.WORD
. BYTE

1. ,38 .
1.
255.,74 .

.BYTE 0., 1.
. WORD -32768 .

;length=l, opcode for SET_ALPHABET
;alphabet 1
;introduces uncounted argument list
;opcode for DRAW- PACKED - CHARACTERS
;draw characters 0,1
;draws characters that you defined in
;index 0 and 1 of alphabet 1

6-22

DRAW_REL_ARCS
6.8

DRAW REL ARCS

DRAW_REL_ARCS draws a circular
around the specified center.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

DRAW_REL_ARCS

arc

from

the

current

position

3N
dx, dy, angle

Specifies the x coordinate of the arc's
point as: x of current position + dx
dy

Specifies the y coordinate of the arc's
point as: y of current position + dy

angle

The angle for the arc is given in degrees, with
a positive value meaning counter-clockwise with
respect to the view surface. An angle of zero
means no drawing is done; +360 or -360 means a
full circle is drawn.

Status:

SUCCESS, if angle is within a range of -360 to +360 and
there is no filled figure table overflow or arithmetic
overflow; otherwise, FAILURE.

center

Notes:
•

An arc is drawn as a series of straight lines. The PRO/GIDIS
interpreter calculates one line endpoint per 10 degrees of
arc (or portion thereof), regardless of the size of the
circle.

•

If the filled figure flag is TRUE, instead of drawing the
arc, all internally calculated line endpoints are added to
the filled figure table.

•

DRAW_REL_ARCS is a repeatable instruction. You can, for
example, draw three connected arcs by specifying: dxl, dyl,
anglel, dx2, dy2, angle2, dx3, dy3, angle3. The coordinates
can be specified either in a counted argument list (with the
count supplied in the opcode word), or in an uncounted
argument list (with 255 in the opcode word and an END_LIST
instruction after the last argument).
See END_LIST.

•

The current position is left at the end of the last arc.

6-23

DRAW_REL __ARCS
•

Full quadrant arcs (1/4 circle) a
end at the exact point
expected. Fractional quadrant arcs end at the closest
available point. Multiple fractional quadrant arcs are not
guaranteed to end at the exact point predicted by your
program. For example, a full circle drawn as a 103 degree
arc and a 257 degree arc is not guaranteed to leave the
current position exactly where it started .

•

DRAW_REL_ARCS is affected by the following GIDIS attributes:
writing mode, primary color,
ane mask, secondary color,
pixel size, line texture, and filled figure flag.

DRAW_REL_ARCS modifies the view surface
clipping rectangle.

inside the

Example:

• BYTE

3.,27 .

. WORD

-100 .
+30 .
-90 .

. WORD
. WORD

;Current position is [400,300]
;filled figure flag is FALSE
;Length=3,opcode for DRAW_REL_ARCS
;Center is (-100,+30]
;Relative to current position
;90 degrees = one quadrant (clockwise)
;Draws one quadrant from [400,300] to
;[330,430j centered at [300,330]
;New current position is [330,430]

Example:

• BYTE

6.,27 .

. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

+35 .
-50 .
90 .
-35 .

. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

+50 .

90 .

;Current position is [330,430]
;filled figure flag is FALSE
;Length==3, opcode for DRAW_REL_ARCS
;Center is [+35,-50]
;[365,380], 90 degree arc
;Current position is now [415,415)
;Center is 380,465]
;90 degrees
;draws a lens shaped
ect with two
;circular arcs.

6-24

DRAW_REL_LINES
6.9

DRAW REL LINES

The DRAW_REL_LINES instruction draws a straight line from the
current
position to the specified endpoint.
The endpoint
coordinates are specified relative to the current position.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

DRAW_REL_LINES

dxend, dyend

dxend

Specifies the x coordinate of
the
endpoint as: current position + dxend

line's

dyend

Specifies the y coordinate of
the
endpoint as: current position + dyend

line's

Status:

SUCCESS, if no last pair arithmetic overflow or filled
figure table overflow occurs; on overflow, FAILURE. On
success, the current position is set to [x of current
position + dxend, y of current position+ dyend]. On
failure, the current position is not changed.

Notes:
s

The DRAW_REL_LINES instruction is repeatable. You can,for
example, draw 3 connected lines by specifying: dxendl,
dyendl, dxend2, dyend2, dxend3, dyend3. The coordinates can
be specified either in a counted argument list (with the
count supplied in the opcode word), or in an uncounted
argument list (with 255 in the opcode word and an END_LIST
instruction after the last argument). See END_LIST.

•

The DRAW_REL_LINES instruction is affected by the following
drawing attributes: writing mode, primary color, plane mask,
secondary color, pixel size, line texture, and filled figure
flag.

6-25

DRAW_REL_LINES

•

When the filled figure flag is TRUE, this instruction does
not draw a straight line from the current position to the
specified point.
Instead, it tries to insert [x of current
position + dxend, y of current position + dyend] into the
filled figure table.
No drawing occurs until the
END_FILLED_FIGURE instruction is processed.

•

In complement and complement negate mode, the first pixel of
a line is skipped and the last pixel is drawn.
But if [x of
current position + dyend, y of current position + dyend] is
itself the current position, the one pixel is drawn.

•

DRAW_REL_LINES modifies the view surface only inside the
clipping rectangle.

Example:

. BYTE
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

4. ,26 .
+10.
-10 .
+30 .
+15

;Not in a filled figure definition
;(filled figure flag is FALSE)
;Current position is (100,100]
;Length=4, opcode for DRAW_REL_LINES
:dxendl
;dyendl
;dxend2
;dyend2
;Draw lines from [100,100] to [110,90]
;and from [110,90] to (140,105]
;New current position is [140,105]

Example:

.BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD

;Current position is [140,105]
;not in a filled figure definition
255.,26. ;introduces uncounted argument list
;opcode for DRAW_REL_LINES
;dxendl
10 .
;dyendl
-30 .
;dxend2
20 .
+60.
;dyend2
-32768. ;END_LIST
;Draw line from [140,105] to (150,75]
;and then to [170,135]
;New current position is [170,135]

6-26

DRAW_REL_LINES

(

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

5. , 26 •
100 .
0•

100 .

;Inside a filled figure definition
; (filled figure flag is TRUE)
;Current position is [100,100]
;Length=S, opcode for DRAW_REL_LINES
;dxendl
;dyendl
;dxend2
;dyend2
;Adds the points [200,100] and [200,200]
;to the filled figure table
;New current position is [200,200]

6-27

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

6.10

END DEFINE CHARACTER

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER terminates a character definition block and
restores the GIDIS attributes saved by the BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
instruction.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

Status:

SUCCESS if character definition flag is TRUE; otherwise,
FAILURE.

Notes::

The defined character can now be used like any other
character in DRAW_CHARACTERS and DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS.

Device Notes:
•

In Video GIDIS, while you are defining a large character, all
but its bottom 16 lines (32 in high resolution mqde on the
Professional 380) are visible at the bottom of the screen.
When END_DEFINE_CHARACTER is processed, the area occupied by
the character is set to current secondary color.

Example:

See BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER.

6-28

END_FILLED_FIGURE
6.11

END FILLED FIGURE

END_FILLED_FIGURE terminates the definition of a closed figure,
and fills the figure. This instruction is used in conjunction
with the BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE instruction.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

END_FILLED_FIGURE

Status:

SUCCESS if there is at least one point
figure table; otherwise, FAILURE.

the

filled

Notes:

•

The filled figure table must contain at least 1 user-provided
point for any drawing to occur. GIDIS provides the initial
current position twice, at the beginning and end, thereby
automatically closing the figure.

•

If you specify too many points, GIDIS uses only the first 255
points, and draws a straight line connecting the 255th point
with the initial current position.
(255 is the maximum
number of user-provided points in the filled figure table.)

•

The current position is unchanged by END_FILLED_FIGURE.
current position remains wherever the last drawing
instruction in the figure block set it.

END_FILLED_FIGURE turns off the filled figure flag.

•

This instruction modifies the view surface only inside the
clipping rectangle.

Example:

See BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

6-29

The

END_LIST

6.12

END UST

END_LIST indicates the end of an uncounted argument list.
This
instruction follows the last argument in the list. The PRO/GIDIS
instructions often used with an uncounted argument list are:
DRAW_LINES,
DRAW_REL_LINES,
DRAW_ARCS,
DRAW_REL_ARCS,
DRAW_CHARACTERS, DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS.
Opcode:

128

Length:

Format:

END_LIST

Status:

SUCCESS

must be 0

Notes:
•

You specify an uncounted argument list by placing a length of
255 in an instruction's opcode word.

128 * 256 + 0 equals -32768.
Thus, -32768 may not be the
value of an argument word in an uncounted argument list.
However, -32768 is valid as an argument in a counted argument
list.
For example, the point [-32768,0] could not be sent in
a DRAW_LINES instruction terminated by an END_LIST
instruction, but could be sent in a DRAW_LINES instruction
with counted arguments.

Example:
.BYTE

. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

255.,25. ;length=255 is a special value that
does not indicate 255 data words
following, but that there are an
unknown number of words
following, to be terminated
with the END_LIST instruction.
;opcode for DRAW_LINES
;DRAW_LINES data
100 .
;DRAW_LINES data
110 .
-32768. ;END_LIST

6-30

END_PICTURE

6.13

END PICTURE

END_PICTURE logically terminates the current picture. The action
performed by END_PICTURE depends on the current device.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

END_PICTURE

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

It is recommended that you use NEW_PICTURE and END_PICTURE to
enclose the instructions used in drawing a picture.

•

END_PICTURE simulates a FLUSH_BUFFER instruction.

Device Notes:
•

For a GIDIS that builds a virtual bitmap (for example,
Palette GIDIS), END_PICTURE causes the bitmap to be output to
the device.

•

For Sixel GIDIS, an END_PICTURE does a formfeed.
However if
you are using the VDM interpreter to print the picture as
part of a document, the formfeed is suppressed.

•

For Palette GIDIS, an END_PICTURE advances the film, provided
you are not passing the picture through the VDM interpreter.

•

For Plotter GIDIS, an END_PICTURE advances the paper (or
ejects the paper in the case of single sheet feed), provided
you are not passing the picture through the VDM interpreter.

6-31

END_PICTURE
Example:
.BYTE

0. , 6.

;length=O,opcode for NEW_PICTURE

'
;drawing
instructions
.BYTE

. BYTE

0.,24.

;length=O,opcode for END_PICTURE

0. '6 .

;wait for operator response
;perhaps
;length=O,opcode for NEW_PICTURE
;more drawing instructions

6-32

ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION

6.14

ERASE CLIPPING REGION

ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION sets every pixel inside
the
current
clipping
rectangle
to the current secondary color.
This
instruction provides a way to clear an area without implying the
beginning of a new picture.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Do not use this instruction as a substitute for NEW_PICTURE
and END_PICTURE.

•

You should use ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION, rather than
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE and END_FILLED_FIGURE to clear a
rectangular area of the view surface.

•

The current writing mode, current area texture, and primary
color do not affect this instruction. However, plane mask
does.

Device Notes:
•

Plotter GIDIS ignores ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION.

Example:
.BYTE

0 • I 48 •

;Length=O,
;opcode for ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION

6-33

FLUSH_BUFFER

6.15

FLUSH BUFFER

FLUSH_BUFFER forces execution of any pending GIDIS processing.

Opcode:

Lenqth:

Format:

FLUSH_BUFFER

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

FLUSH_BUFFER enables you to ensure that all previous drawing
instructions have been executed prior to requesting operator
response or the like.

Example:
.BYTE

0.,28.

;length=O,opcode for FLUSH_BUFFER

6-34

INITIALIZE

6.16

INITIALIZE

INITIALIZE restores PRO/GIDIS subsystems to their default states.
Also,
if a character definition block or filled figure block is
active, INITIALIZE aborts it.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

INITIALIZE sub-mask

sub-mask

Status:

Is a word that specifies zero or more of
PRO/GIDIS's subsystems.
The subsystems defined
at this time are listed in Table 6-3.
A
subsystem is represented in the mask value as a
bit, as shown in the table.
For example,
a
value of 6
(bit 2 + bit 1) resets text and
writing attributes.

SUCCESS

Table 6-3:

Initialization of Subsystems

Bit

Value

Sets IDS, Viewport, GOS
and clipping region to 960
x 600. Also sets all
attributes that specify
distances or coordinates
(for example, unit cell
size).

Reinitializes writing
mode, primary color,
secondary color, line and
area texture, planes
selected, and pixel size.

Subsystem

Description

Addressing

Writing
Attributes

6-35

INITIALIZE
Subsystem

Description

Bit

Value

Text

Resets the current
alphabet, unit size,
display size, cell
rotation, cell rendition,
implicit cell movement
flag, and explicit cell
movement.

Color Map

Reinitializes the color
map.

Alphabet

Clears all user-defined
alphabets and sets family
ID of alphabet 0 to
"DGIDIS".

Cursor

Resets the output cursor
and output rubber band.

256

Notes:
•

INITIALIZE 0 is useful, as it aborts any blocks begun with
BEGIN_FILLED FIGURE and BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER without
affecting any GIDIS subsystems.

You can combine mask bits to initialize multiple subsystems
in one instruction.

•

A mask of -1 decimal (177777 octal) initializes all
subsystems.

The order of initialization is:
(1) addressing, (2) writing
attributes, (3) text, (4) color map, (5) alphabet storage,
and (6) cursor.

.GID files that use default text attributes may not come out
as expected, because some defaults are appropriate only for
Video GIDIS.

Table 6-4 lists all of the GIDIS attributes affected and
their values after initialization. Note that some attributes
are included in more than one subsystem. All coordinates and
distances are in GOS, unless otherwise noted.

6-36

INITIALIZE

Table 6-4:

Values of GIDIS Attributes After an INITIALIZE

Attribute

Value

Addressing Subsystem
output
output
output
output
output
output

IDS width
IDS height
viewport x origin
viewport y origin
viewport width
viewport height

960
600
0 in IDS
0 in IDS
960 in IDS
600 in IDS

GIDIS
GIDIS
GIDIS
GIDIS

output
output
output
output

0
0
960
600

output
output
output
output

clipping x origin
clipping y origin
clipping width
clipping height

space
space
space
space

x origin
y origin
width
height

0
0

960
600

current position x
current position y

line texture size

N/A

area texture width
area texture height

12
25

logical
logical
logical
logical

0 (1 hardware pixel)
0 (1 hardware pixel)

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

width
height
x offset
y offset

0
0

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

2 (implicit)

cell display size width
cell display size height
cell unit size width
cell unit size height

12
25
12
25

0
0

6-37

INITIALIZE

Attribute

Value

Writing Attributes Subsystem
primary color
secondary color
plane mask
writing mode

all available planes
overlay

logical
logical
logical
logical

0
0
0
0

pixel width
pixel height
pixel x off set
pixel y offset

line texture pattern
line texture length
line texture size
area
area
area
area

texture alphabet
texture character
texture width
texture height

7
0

solid (all ones)
N/A
N/A
-1

0 (solid)
12

Text Subsystem
current alphabet
cell display size width
cell display size height

cell unit size width
cell unit size height

cell rotation
cell oblique
cell rendition

0
0
0

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

2 (implicit)

0
0

6-38

INITIALIZE

Attribute

Value

Color Map Subsystem (values associated)

color
color
color
color
color
color
color
color

map
map
map
map
map
map
map
map

[ 0]
[1 ]
[2l
[3l
[4J

Color

Mono

.0
.2

.0
.2
.2

.0
.6
.2
•2
.6

.0
.2
•3
•4

black
blue
red
green
white
white
white
white

(dark)
(dk . gray)
( 1 t. gray)
(light)
(light)
(light)
(light)
(light)

.2
.6
.6
.6

[ 5]

[6 l
[7 l

.7
.6
.6
.6
.6

.6
.6
.6

.7
.7
•7
.7

Alphabet Storage Subsystem
family name of alphabet 0

"DGIDIS"

Cursor Subsystem
output
output
output
output
output
output
output
output

cursor alphabet
cursor character index
cursor width
cursor height
cursor x offset
cursor y off set
cursor rendition
rubber band type

-1

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
blinking
none

Example:

.BYTE
. WORD

1., 1.
1. !2. !4 .

;length=l,opcode for INITIALIZE
;addressing, writing attributes,
;and text subsystems mask bits
;are set

6-39

LOAD_BY_NAME(1)

6.17

LOAD_BY_NAME(1)

LOAD_BY_NAME(l) loads a pre-built font into the current alphabet.
The argument list is a pair of words which contain a region name
in Radix-50.

Opcode:

Format:

LOAD_BY_NAME(l) narne-0, narne-1

name-0

3 radix-50 characters

name-1

3 radix-50 characters

Status:

Length:

SUCCESS if the region named identifies a valid region,
the
region has the proper format, the current alphabet
number is not 0, and there are sufficient resources to
load the font region; otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:
e

Subsequent SET_ALPHABET instructions do not affect previous
LOAD_BY_NAME INSTRUCTIONS.
For example, if you loaded font
MYALPH into alphabet 1, it would remain alphabet l's font
until INITIALIZE 32' another LOAD_BY __NAME' 0 r a
CREATE_ALPHABET was processed for alphabet 1.

If no such region can be found or installed, GIDIS simulates
a LOAD_BY_NAME(2) and loads "DGIDIS", the default family ID
for alphabet 0.

A GIDIS font file is an RSX Common Library.
In other words,
installing a GIDIS font file creates a font region.

A font region must conform to the format shown in Appendix C.

A font region can be accessed in one of 3 ways:
1.

Prior to doing the LOAD_BY_NAME(l), you can create and
load the region in your application.

Prior to doing the LOAD_BY_NAME(l), you can install a
font file with the DCL INSTALL command, PROTSK or your
application installation file (.INS).

You can rely on GIDIS to install the region's font file
when the LOAD_BY_NAME(l) is done.
You enable GIDIS to
install the file in either of two ways:

6-40

LOAD_BY_NAME(l)
1.

Place the font file on LB:[ZZFONT] and name it
region-name.TSK.
(Note: $'sand .'sin a region
name become Z's in the filename).

Describe the font in an .FDF file.

See Appendix D.

Example:

.BYTE
2.,37.
;length=2, opcode for LOAD_BY_NAME
.Radix-50 "BOLD";let MACR0-11 compute the Radix-50 for
BOLD
Example:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

2.,37.
050500+001750+000001
045400+001200+000010

;Radix-50 for MYALPH
;MYA
;LPH

6-41

LOAD_BY_NAME(2)

6.18

LOAD_BY_NAME(2)

LOAD_BY_NAME(2)
associates the current
alphabet
with
the
specified font family.
When a subsequent DRAW_CHARACTERS or
DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS is done, GIDIS finds the font file in the
family that best matches the current GIDIS text attributes.
See
Appendix D.

Opcode:

Format:

LOAD_BY_NAME(2) Chl, Ch2, Ch3,

Length:

Chl - Chn

Status:

3 to 7
... Chn

Is a font family ID, encoded as 1 character
word

per

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Subsequent SET_AL·PHABET instructions do not affect previous
LOAD_BY_NAME instructions.
For example, if you loaded family
ID MYALPH into alphabet 1, it would remain alphabet l's
family ID until INITIALIZE 32, another LOAD_BY_NAME, or a
CREATE_ALPHABET was processed for alphabet 1.

•

The default family ID for alphabet 0 is DGIDIS.

•

Family IDs are mapped to uppercase.
For example, specifying
"dgidis" is equivalent to specifying "DGIDIS".

•

A font must be described in an .FDF file on LB:[ZZFONT] to be
accessible via a LOAD_BY_NAME(2) (see Appendix D}.

•

If the specified family has no members, GIDIS simulates a
LOAD_BY_NAME(2) "DGIDIS."

Example:
. BYTE
.WORD
. BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
.WORD

1. ,38 .
1.
6.,37 .

;Length=l,opcode for SET_ALPHABET
;Selects alphabet 1 as current alphabet
;Length=6,opcode for LOAD_BY_NAME

68 .

71.
73 .

68 .

73 .
83.

;G
;I

;S,associates alphabet 1 with family
;ID "DGIDIS"
6-42

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL

6.19

LOAD CHARACTER CELL

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL defines a character cell from the
data.
This instruction acts on the current alphabet.

Length:

specified

Opcode:

Format:

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL char-index, width, dO, dl, ... ,dn

2 + N

char-index

The index of the character cell to be loaded.
This value must be in the range 0 to extent-1,
where extent is the total character count for
the current alphabet.

width

The width value must be in the range
0 to the
width
value given with the CREATE ALPHABET
instruction that established the alphabet.

dO, dl, ... dn

Zero or more words of data to be loaded into the
character cell.
The top character cell row is
loaded from the first data word(s),
.the second
row from the next data words, and so forth.
Excess data words are ignored, and missing data
words are assumed to be O's.
Each row of the
cell is (alphabet width + 15)/16 data words.
For example,
an 8-bit wide alphabet has 1 word
per row, and a 20-bit wide alphabet has 2 words
per row.

Status:

SUCCESS if not within a character definition block
(See
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER),
character index is in range
(see CREATE_ALPHABET),
width is in the
range 0 to
alphabet width, and a CREATE_ALPHABET has been done for
the current alphabet; otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:
•

The defined character can now be used like any other
character in SET_AREA_TEXTURE, SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR,
DRAW_CHARACTER and DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTER instructions.

•

The leftmost pixel in a row comes from the low-order bit in
the appropriate data word.

6-43

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
Example:
;Alphabet 2 has width of 5, height of 6,
and extent of 10
.BYTE

7.,34.

;Length=?, opcode for LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL

. WORD
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

;Character index (last cell in alphabet)
;Width
A800001 ;Pattern:
ON
A800011
ON
ON
A800101
(Note the
ON
ON
A801001
ON
bit reve'rsal) ON
AB11111
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON

9.
5•

;Last row not given; set to O's
;automatically.
;Character is a triangle

6-44

NEW_PICTURE

6.20

NEW PICTURE

NEW_PICTURE indicates the beginning of a new picture.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

NEW_PICTURE

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

It is recommended that you use NEW_PICTURE and END PICTURE to
enclose the instructions used in drawing a picture.

•

Secondary color is written to the view surface subject to the
plane mask in effect at the time NEW_PICTURE executes.
(See
SET_PLANE_MASK.)

•

A NEW_PICTURE clears all of hardware address space,
regardless of the current clipping region.
In particular, it
clears the 32-pixel bands on both sides of the screen not
normally used in Video GIDIS.

Device Notes:
o

NEW_PICTURE does not affect picture background in Plotter
GIDIS.

Example:
. BYTE

0. '6 .

;length=O,opcode for NEW_PICTURE

6-45

NOP

6.21

NOP

NOP performs no operation.
Execution of a NOP has no effect on
the current state of PRO/GIDIS, other than to set the status flag
to SUCCESS.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

NOP

Status:

SUCCESS

Note:
•

This instruction is useful for transparently inserting
information from a higher level protocol into a stream of
GIDIS instructions.
Use a nonzero length, when you want to
insert information.

Example:
.BYTE

0•f 0•

;length=O,opcode for NOP

.BYTE
. WORD
.WORD

2•I 0•

1540 .
71.

;length=2,opcode for NOP
;private data (ignored by PRO/GIDIS)
;private data (ignored by PRO/GIDIS)

Example:

6-46

PRINT_SCREEN

6.22

PRINT SCREEN

PRINT_SCREEN sends the specified portion of the video bitmap to a
sixel printer connected to the printer port.
Opcode:

141

Length:

Format:

PRINT_SCREEN

6 or 7
x, y, width, height, hxly, dxly,

[mask]

Specifies the leftmost horizontal coordinate
the GOS data to be printed

Specifies the uppermost vertical
the GOS data to be printed

width

Width of the area to be printed

height

Height of the area to be printed

hxly

Specifies the horizontal offset from the current
printhead location to where you want to begin
printing the screen data.

dxly

Specifies the vertical offset from the current
printhead location to where you want to begin
printing the screen data.

mask

Specifies the color indexes that cause printing
a dot on the paper. The low order bit is color
0, the next bit color 1, and so on.
If mask is
omitted,
it is generated as follows.
In a
single plane system (no EBO), a pixel value of 0
is mapped to a skip (leaves paper white) and a 1
is mapped to a strike (prints on the paper). On
multi-plane systems, the value of the color map
is tested as follows.
If the entry (color index
of
point)
equals 0,
the point is skipped
(white).
If not 0, the point prints.

Status:

coordinate

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Applies to Video GIDIS only.

•

If the printer port does not have a sixel printer connected,
nothing occurs.

6-47

PRINT_SCREEN

Example:
.BYTE
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD

6. ,141.
100.
100 .
400.
200.
0.
0.

;Length=6, opcode for PRINT_SCREEN
;Upper left bitmap corner
is [100,100]
;Data to be printed is 400 units wide
by 200 units high
;Begin printing at current printhead
location

6-48

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

6.23

REQUEST CELL STANDARD

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD reports the GOS dimensions you would have
to specify to generate a standard size character. A standard
size character has dimensions such that when its width/height
8/5, 80 characters fit across the device and 24 lines fit
vertically.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

Status:

SUCCESS

The report consists of 5 words:
Report Header, unit-wd, unit-ht, display-wd, display-ht
where
unit-wd

Is the unit cell
character.

width

the

standard

size

unit-ht

Is the unit cell height
character.

the

standard

size

display-wd

Is normally the same as unit-wd. However if the
current alphabet is 0, this value is 11/12 of
the current cell width.

display-ht

Is normally the same as unit-ht.
However if the
current alphabet is 0, this value is 11/12 of
the current cell height.

Notes:
•

This instruction takes into account the storage size of the
current alphabet and the character rotation currently in
effect. As a result, the standard size for alphabet 0 (DEC
Multinational) is not necessarily the same as the standard
size for a user alphabet.

•

Rounding could take place converting from device coordinates
to GIDIS space.
If your program later sets unit cell size to
'n' times the size of the standard, the characters actually
formed might not be precisely 'n' times the standard.

6-49

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

Example:
. BYTE

0. , 54 .

;Length=O,
;opcode for REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD
Byte 4.
(Data words following)
Byte 5.
(Cell Standard Rpt. Tag)
Word 9.
(Unit-wd)
Word 20.
(Unit-ht)
Word 8.
(Display-wd)
Word 20.
(Display-ht)

6-50

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

6.24

REQUEST CURRENT POSITION

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION reports the absolute location of the
current position in GIDIS Output Space. The current position is
the display location at which the next character,
line,
or arc
would be drawn.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

Status:

SUCCESS

The report consists of 3 words:
Report header, current x, current y

Notes:
•

The current position is not necessarily the same as the last
position given to SET_POSITION or DRAW_LINES; DRAW_CHARACTERS
and DRAW_ARCS instructions also move the current position.

•

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION is most useful following a DRAW_ARCS
or a DRAW_CHARACTERS (local symmetry), since your program
cannot determine precisely where PRO/GIDIS leaves the current
position after these instructions.

Example:
. BYTE

0.,55 .

;Length=O,
;opcode for REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
;This instruction causes the following
report to be placed in the report
queue if there is sufficient room.
Byte
Byte
Word
Word

2. Data words following
1. Current Position Report Tag
x PRO/GIDIS coordinates
y for the current position

6-51

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

6.25

REQUEST OUTPUT SIZE

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE reports
device's view surface.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

Status:

SUCCESS

the

attributes

the

current

The report consists of 10 words:
Report
header,
ulx,
uly,
total_width,
total_height,
Total_plane_rnask

screen_width,
resolution_x,

screen_height,
resolution_y,

where
[ulx, uly]

Are the coordinates of the upper left
corner of the device's view surface in IDS
units

Screen_width

Is device width in IDS units

Screen_height

Is device height in IDS units

Total_width

Is device width in IDS units

Total_height

Is device height in IDS units

Resolution_x

Is device width in HAS x units

Resolution_y

Is device height in HAS y units

Total_plane_rnask

Is the plane mask that contains a 1 for
every plane accessible.
See device notes
of SET_PLANE_MASK.

6-52

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

Example:

.BYTE

0.,57.

;Assume PRO 350 Video with EBO
;Assume IDS is 960 by 600
;length=O,opcode for REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE
;BYTE 9.

9 words following output size
report tag
;BYTE 2.
OUTPUT_SIZE_REPORT tag
;WORD -32.
IDS coordinate of device's
;WORD 0.
upper left corner is [-32,0]
;WORD 1024. IDS width and height of
;WORD 600.
entire view surface
;WORD 1024. IDS width and height of
entire view surface
;WORD 600.
;1024.
number of pixels in total
device width
;WORD 240. number of pixels in total
device height
;WORD 7.
total plane mask

6-53

REQUEST_STATUS

6.26

REQUEST STATUS

REQUEST_STATUS reports the success or failure of the last
PRO/GIDIS instruction. All PRO/GIDIS instructions set the status
variable.

Length:

Opcode:

Format:

REQUEST_STATUS

Status:

SUCCESS

The report consists of 2 words:
Report header, status
where the low-order bit of the status word is either
1 - indicating SUCCESS
0 - indicating FAILURE.

Notes:
•

No other codes are defined.
reserved for future use.)

(Codes other than 0 or 1 are

•

FAILURE status is not saved.
I~ your program needs
information about the success or failure of every
instruction, you must place a REQUEST_STATUS instruction
after each PRO/GIDIS instruction.

•

Testing is recommended only following major PRO/GIDIS
instructions, such as CREATE_ALPHABET.

Example:
.BYTE

0.,58.

;assumes previous instruction failed
;Length=O,
;opcode for REQUEST_STATUS
Byte 1. (Data words following)
Byte 4. (Current Status Report Tag)
Word 0 (FAILURE
status)

6-54

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

6.27

REQUEST VERSION NUMBER

The REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER instruction reports the version number
and driver of PRO/GIDIS.
Length:

Opcode:

Format:

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

Status:

SUCCESS

The report consists of 3 words:
Report header, driver, version
where
driver

Is 21 for Video GIDIS,
22 for Plotter GIDIS,
23 for Sixel GIDIS,
24 for File GIDIS,
25 for Palette GIDIS.

version

Is the version number of GIDIS.

Notes:

•

For P/OS V2.0, the version number of GIDIS is 21.

•

For P/OS V2.0A, the version number of GIDIS is 29.

•

For P/OS V3.0, the version numer of GIDIS is 32.

Example:

.BYTE

0.,71.

;Length=O,
;opcode for REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER
;byte 2. data words following
;byte 7. VERSION_NUMBER_REPORT tag
;word 21. device code
;word 25. version number

6-55

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION

6.28

SCROLL CLIPPING REGION

The SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION instruction moves data within the
clipping region. The vacated display area is set to the current
secondary color.

Opcode:

52 Length:

Format:

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION dx, dy

The distance to move the data horizontally.
If
dx is positive,
the data is shifted right to
left; if negative, the data is shifted left to
right.

The distance to move the data vertically.
If dy
is positive, the data is shifted toward the top
of the screen; if negative, the data is shifted
toward the bottom of the screen.

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

The instruction applies to Video GIDIS only.

•

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION is affected by the current plane mask.
Planes not selected are not scrolled or otherwise changed.

•

For speed, hardware assist is used when possible. When the
clipping rectangle is all of IDS, a vertical scroll scrolls
the entire width of the screen.

•

When a software scroll is done, screen images appear to move
around rather than scroll.

•

The data scrolled out is not saved.
You cannot scroll out a
portion of an image and then scroll it back in.
Solid
secondary color always scrolls in.

•

After this instruction, shaded areas within the clipping
region will not necessarily be aligned with shaded areas
outside the clipping region.

6-56

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION
Example:

.BYTE

2. , 52.

;Length=O,
;opcode for SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION

. WORD
. WORD

-100 .

;dx
;dy
;Slides data to the right 100 units

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

2. , 52 .
-15 .

;Scroll data down
;15 units

. BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

2. , 52 .
-30
+30

;Scrolls data in the clipping region
;30 units left and 30 units up.

0•

Example:

6-57

SET_ALPHABET

6.29

SET ALPHABET

SET_ALPHABET sets the current alphabet to the specified alphabet.
Except as noted below, all alphabet-related operations act on the
currently selected apphabet.
Opcode:

Format:

SET_ALPHABET

alphabet
Status:

Length:

alphabet

Is an integer value in the range 0 to 15.
identifies the alphabet to make current.

SUCCESS if the alphabet number is valid (from 0 to
otherwise, FAILURE.

15);

Notes:
•

A GIDIS alphabet number is somewhat like a character set.
Alphabet 0 is the DEC Multinational Character Set. Alphabets
1 through 15 are user alphabets.

•

The first time you select a nonzero alphabet number,, there is
no font for the alphabet. You get a font in one of two ways:
the LOAD_BY_NAME instruction or the CREATE_ALPHABET
instruction.

•

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR and SET_AREA_TEXTURE are the only alphabet
related operations that do not act on the current alphabet.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_ALPHABET instruction.

Example:
.BYTE

1. I 38 •

. WORD

;Length=l, opcode for
;SET_ALPHABET
;Selects alphabet #2 as current
;alphabet

6-58

SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE

6.30

SET AREA CELL SIZE

SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE clips the current area texture cell.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET _AREA_CELL - SIZE

width, height

width

The width of the area cell in hardware pixels.
The width value must be in the range 1 to 16.

height

The height of the area cell in hardware pixels.
The height value must be in the range 1 to 16.

Status:

SUCCESS if both width and height are in the range
16; otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:
•

If the area cell width is greater than the specified width,
GIDIS removes columns from the right side of the area texture
cell.

•

If the area cell height is greater than the specified height,
GIDIS removes columns from the bottom of the area texture
cell.

•

The SET_AREA_TEXTURE and SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE instructions
set the area cell size from that of the character cell,
overriding any previous SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE specification.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE instruction.

Device Note:
•

Plotter GIDIS ignores this instruction.

6-59

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

9•
9•

2.,14 .
2•

2. ,69 .

iLength=2, opcode for SET_AREA_TEXTURE
iUse character 23 from alphabet 2,
iwhich is 8 x 10
iArea Cell Size is now 8 by 10
iLength=2, opcodefor SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE
iarea cell width = 9 hardware pixels
iarea cell heighth = 9 hardware pixels
iArea cell size is now 9 by 9, padded on
ithe right, with one column of OFF's, and
iwith the bottom row of the character
icell removed

6-60

6.31

SET AREA TEXTURE

SET_AREA_TEXTURE specifies the rectangular bit pattern used to
fill subsequent filled figures. Area texture is specified as a
character in an alphabet.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_AREA TEXTURE

alphabet, char-index

alphabet

the
The number of the alphabet containing
texture
character.
It
can
be
the DEC
Multinational character set (alphabet 0), a
user-defined alphabet, or the special texture
alphabet -1.

char-index

The index of the character to use.

status:

SUCCESS if the specified
otherwise, FAILURE.

alphabet

number

valid;

Notes
•

The character identified by SET_AREA_TEXTURE is copied to an
internal GIDIS storage area. Deleting or changing the font
does not affect the current area texture. Only another
SET_AREA_TEXTURE or SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE can change the
current area texture.

•

Alphabet -1 char-index 0 asks GIDIS to derive the area
texture cell from the current line texture. The pattern is
drawn vertically and replicated horizontally. The area
texture height is taken from the line texture size, not from
the area texture width and height.

•

Solid fill is more efficient than patterned fill.
To
generate solid fill most efficiently, select alphabet -1,
character 0 while line texture is set to solid.

•

Filling is most efficient when area texture width is 8 or 16.

•

If the selected alphabet is associated with a family ID (See
LOAD_BY_NAME(2)), SET_AREA_TEXTURE chooses a font for you
using the current area texture size. This option gives you a
way of making GIDIS generate more consistent patterns across
devices of differing resolutions.

6-61

SET_AREA_TEXTURE

•

The current font of the specified alphabet should not have
width or height greater than 16 pixels.
If width is greater
than 16, only the leftmost 8 bits of the selected glyph are
used.
If height is greater than 16, only the topmost 16
lines of the glyph are used.
If the alphabet is associated
with a family ID, the selected font is guaranteed to be less
than or equal to 16 x 16, if the current family contains such
a font.

•

The bit pattern specified by this instruction always appears
upright; there is no way to rotate the pattern.

•

Area textures are self-aligning. When two adjacent or
overlapping areas are filled, no seams show.

•

Complement and complement-negate writing modes can give
unexpected results when filled figure areas overlap or abut.

•

Pixel size js not used when filling areas.

•

No drawing is done by the

SET_AREA~TEXTURE

instruction.

Device Note:

Plotter GIDIS processes SET_AREA_TEXTURE differently.
See
Appendix E for a description of how Plotter GIDIS handles
this instruction.

Example:
.BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

2. , 14
8.
23 .

;length=2., opcode for SET_AREA_TEXTURE
;User-defined alphabet 2
;23rd character

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

3. , 1 7
any

;length=3.,opcode for SET_LINE_TEXTURE
;length of pattern
;solid
;size of one repetition of pattern
;length=2.,opcode for SET_AREA_TEXTURE
;alphabet -1 is derived from line texture
;character 0
;sets up solid area fill

Example:

-1

any
2. '14
-1
0

6-62

SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE

6.32

SET AREA TEXTURE SIZE

SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE specifies the
texture cell.

Opcode:

Format:

SET_AREA TEXTURE_SIZE

Length:

desired

size

the

area

2
width, height

width

Specifies the width of
area texture cell.

one

repetition

the

height

Specifies the height of one
area texture cell.

repetition

the

Status:

SUCCESS if width and
otherwise, FAILURE.

height

are

greater

than

zero;

Notes:
•

If the glyph you select (perhaps with GIDIS's hel~ as
described in the next note) for the area texture cell is
smaller than the specified width and height, GIDIS scales the
selected glyph to the size you specified. However, scaling
is restricted to an integral multiple of the texture cell.
GIDIS uses the largest multiple that is not larger than the
size specified.
If the glyph you select is larger than the
specified width and height, GIDIS uses the selected glyph as
is.

•

If the selected alphabet is associated with a family ID (see
LOAD_BY_NAME(2)), SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE chooses a font for
you using the current area texture. This option gives you a
way of making GIDIS generate more consistent patterns across
devices of differing resolutions.

•

No drawing is done by the SET AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE instruction.

Device Note:
•

Plotter GIDIS ignores this instruction.

Example:
.BYTE

2 •I 3

. WORD
. WORD

12 .
8.

;length=2,
;opcode for SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE
;Area texture width = 12 units
;Area texture height = 8 units

6-63

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE

6.33

SET CELL DISPLAY SIZE

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE defines the size of a character's display
cell,
the
rectangular area of the view surface modified when a
character is drawn.

Length:

Opcode:

Format:

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE

width, height

width

Is the width of the display cell.

height

Is the height of the display cell.

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

The origin of the display cell is always the upper left
corner of the cell and is aligned with the unit cell at that
corner.

Normally display cell size and unit cell size are set the
same.
One reason to make display cell width wider than unit
cell size is to space characters further apart.
(See
implicit movement in SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE.) In Replace
Writing mode this approach can be preferable to using
SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT, because there will not be gaps
between the cells.

If the unit cell is smaller than the display cell, all of the
character is drawn and the right and bottom portions of the
display cell are treated as if the character pattern
specified OFF.

If the unit cell is larger than the display cell, the bottom
and right portions of the character are clipped to the
display cell size.
In other words, the character is
truncated.
Figure 6-5 shows what happens when the unit cell and display
cell are not the same size.

6-64

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE

Dlspla1;:1 Slze
LARGER

THAN

Unlt Slze
I

~-----------'

Displa1;:1 Slze
SMALLER

THA"I

Unlt Slze

Dlspla1;:1
Size

Figure 6-5:

•

Character Unit Cell and Display Cell

Negative values in width or height produce a mirroring in X
and Y, respectively.
This mirroring always occurs about the
origin (the upper-left corner of the cell).
Implicit
movement always goes across the display cell; consequently,
implicit movement for a display cell mirrored in X is in the
opposite direction from the rotation angle.

6-65

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
•

The smallest actual width or height is 1 hardware pixel.

•

Display cell size, except for mirroring, is ignored for
proportionally spaced fonts.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_CELL DISPLAY SIZE instruction.

Example:

.BYTE

2.,40.

.WORD
.WORD

12.
28.

;Length=2,
;opcode for SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
;Width
; Height

6-66

SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT

6.34

SET CELL EXPLICIT MOVEMENT

SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT specifies a distance
current position after a character is drawn.
Opcode:

Format:

SET_CELL EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT

Length:

move

the

·2

dx, dy

Specifies the horizontal distance
current position.

move

the

Specifies the vertical
current position.

move

the

Status:

distance

SUCCESS

Notes:

•

Dx and dy define the total movement when implicit movement is
OFF (see SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE.)

•

Explicit cell movement is not affected by SET_CELL_ROTATION
or SET_CELL_OBLIQUE instructions.

•

For left-to-right text, you normally use either implicit
movement or explicit movement as follows:
Implicit Movement

.BYTE

1. I 42

.WORD
.BYTE

2
2 • I 41

.WORD
.WORD

0
0

;Length=l,opcode for
;SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
;flag for implicit movement
;length=2,opcode for
;SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
;dx
;dy

Explicit Movement

.BYTE
.WORD
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

;length=l,opcode for
;SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
O(or 1) ;turns off implicit cell movement
;length=2,opcode for
2 • I 41
;SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
;as set by SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
width
0
1. I 42

6-67

SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
•

No drawing is done by the SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
instruction.

Example:

.BYTE

2.,41.

;Length=2,opcode for
;SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT

.WORD
.WORD

12.

;dx

;dy

6-68

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE

6.35

SET CELL MOVEMENT MODE

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE specifies the manner in which the
position moves after a character is drawn.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE

flag

Table 6-5:

flag

Specifies one of the following movement modes as
shown in Table 6-5 below.

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT MODE Flag Values

Movement Mode

Value

Explicit cell movement,
local symmetry

Explicit cell movement,
global symmetry

Explicit and implicit movement,
local symmetry

Explicit and implicit movement,
global symmetry

4-15

Reserved

Status:

current

SUCCESS if Flag is 0 to 3; otherwise, FAILURE.

Notes:

•

Explicit cell movement is set by SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT.

•

Implicit movement means that the current position moves a
distance equal to the display cell width. Movement is along
the baseline of the angle of rotation. Thus, left-to-right
text (aligned along a 0 degree angle) has implicit movement
of dx = display cell width and dy = 0.
Each successive
6-69

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
character is one display cell width to the right. Upwards
perpendicular text (text aligned along a 90 degree angle),
has implicit movement of dx = 0 and dy
-display cell width.
Each successive character is one display cell width towards
the top of the view surface.
•

•

When using global symmetry, the final current position is
exactly the value that would be calculated by your program.
However, character spacing may not always be even due to
round-off errors.

•

For proportionally spaced fonts, you should normally specify
implicit motion.

•

If the current font is proportionally spaced, global symmetry
is ignored.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE instruction.

Example:

. BYTE

1. , 42 .

. WORD

;Length=l,
;opcode for SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
;Set explicit movement, local symmetry

6-70

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE
6.36

SET_CELL OBLIQUE

Normally a character cell is a rectangle. An oblique character
cell is a parallelogram. SET_CELL_OBLIQUE specifies how much to
slant the rectangle. The top line of the display cell remains
stationary, while the bottom of the cell is moved either forward
or backward.
Opcode:

Lenqth:

Format: SET_CELL_OBLIQUE

angle

Status:

angle

The requested angle in degrees.
A positive
angle value indicates a backward slant (move
bottom of cell forwards); a negative angle
indicates a forward slant (move bottom of cell
backwards)
SUCCESS

Notes:

•

If the specified angle is greater than 60 (or less than -60),
GIDIS uses 60.

•

The shape of the parallelogram is not affected by cell
rotation.

•

If x of the current position is at the left edge of the
clipping rectangle, the bottom left of a forward-slanted
character will be clipped. This is because a forward slant
is achieved by moving the bottom of the cell backwards,
rather than by moving the top of the cell forwards.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_CELL_OBLIQUE instruction.

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD

1. ,65 .
-23 .

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_OBLIQUE
;Approximate italics (slant right
;23 degrees)

. BYTE
. WORD

1., 65 .
23 .

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_OBLIQUE
;Approximate back-slant (slant left
;23 degrees

Example:

6-71

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE

Figure 6-6 shows the two display cells that result from the above
examples.

Figure 6-6:

Italic and Back-Slanted Display Cells

6-72

SET_CELL_RENDITION

6.37

SET CELL RENDITION

SET_CELL_RENDITION controls character rendition.
The rendition
options defined for the Professional are: back-slant, italics,
bold, and proportionally spaced text.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_CELL_RENDITION

flags

A word that specifies zero or more of the cell
rendition options.
A rendition is represented
by the value of set bits as shown in Table 6-6.
A 0 value establishes normal rendition:
no
slant, not bold, not proportional.

Table 6-6:

SET CELL RENDITION Flags

Cell Rendition

Bit

Value

Back Slant

Italics

Bold

Proportionally spaced

Reserved

2, 5-15

Status:

SUCCESS

6-73

SET_CELL_RENDITION
Notes:

•

SET_CELL_RENDITION is not cumulative. A SET_CELL_RENDITION
with an argument of 2 followed by another SET_CELL_RENDITION
with an argument of 8 causes the character to be bold not
slanted, rather than bold and slanted.

•

SET_CELL_RENDITION with an argument of 3 (mask value B00011)
selects italics.

•

SET_CELL_RENDITION simulates a SET_CELL_OBLIQUE with an
argument of 0, before processing the mask-value. This
cancels the effect of earlier SET_CELL_OBLIQUE instructions.

•

If possible, GIDIS satisfies a request for bold or italics by
using a font with that attribute. Otherwise, it
algorithmically creates the desired rendition.

•

If font width size is less than or equal to 8 pixels,
algorithmic bolding has no visible effect.

•

Algorithmic italics is equivalent to SET_CELL_OBLIQUE -23.

•

Algorithmic backslant is equivalent to SET_CELL_OBLIQUE 23.

•

There is no algorithmic fallback for proportionally spaced
text. The proportional bit is used only to request a
proportional font from a font family. If no appropriate font
is found, the argument is ignored. See LOAD_BY_NAME(2).

•

For proportionally spaced fonts, you should normally specify
implicit motion.

•

If the current font is proportionally spaced, global symmetry
is ignored.

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD

1.,43 .
2•

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_RENDITION
;Requests italics rendition

6-74

SET_CELL_ROTATION

6.38

SET CELL ROTATION

SET_CELL_ROTATION defines the angle of rotation with which
subsequent characters are drawn. The character is rotated about
the current position (upper left corner of the display cell)
to
the angle specified.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_CELL ROTATION

angle

Status:

angle

The requested angle in degrees.
A positive
angle value indicates counter-clockwise from
normal text.
For example,
90 degree text is
sideways, facing up. A negative angle indicates
clockwise from normal text.
SUCCESS

Notes:
•

The simplest way to make a string of rotated characters
follow a baseline is to use SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT with
arguments of [0,0] and set the implicit movement flag with
the SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE instruction.

•

An angle of N-360 is equivalent to an angle of N.

•

No drawing takes place when the SET_CELL_ROTATION instruction
executes.

Example:
. BYTE
. WORD

1. ,44 •

-90 .

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_ROTATION
;Text to face down the screen

6-75

SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE

6.39

SET CELL UNIT SIZE

SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE
character cells.

Length:

specifies

the

size

draw

subsequent

Opcode:

Format:

SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE

width, height

width

Is the desired cell width.
greater than zero.

The

must

height

Is the desired cell height.
greater than zero.

The height must

Status:

SUCCESS if width and
otherwise, FAILURE.

height

are

width

greater

than

zero;

Notes:
•

If the current alphabet is associated with a font family ID
(See LOAD_BY_NAME(2)), GIDIS tries to find a font in the
family whose size matches the specified size.
If the size
request is between two available fonts, GIDIS generally
selects the smaller of the two.

•

If the current alphabet has a CREATE_ALPHABET font or a
LOAD_BY_NAME(l) font, GIDIS must use that font.

•

If the available (or chosen) font does not match the
specified size, GIDIS scales it. Width and height are scaled
independently.

•

GIDIS may not be able to scale the font exactly to the
specified size.
However, unit cell size will not be exceeded
unless the specified size is less than half the size of the
font being scaled.

•

The width of a proportionally spaced font can only be scaled
to an integral multiple of itself.

•

The requested unit size does not change when the current
alphabet changes, but the the font and/or scaling is
recalculated in order to obtain the best match.

•

The unit cell and the display cell are always aligned at
their upper-left corners.

6-76

SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE

Normally when you change unit cell size, you would also make
an analogous change to display cell size.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE instruction.

Device Notes:

Plotter GIDIS always sets unit cell size to display cell
size.

•

Plotter GIDIS always sets unit cell size exactly.

Example:
. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

1. ,45 .
10 .
30 .

;Length=l, opcode for SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE
;Width
;Height

6-77

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY

6.40

SET COLOR MAP ENTRY

The SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY instruction sets the specified color map
entry.
All pixels that were previously drawn using that color
map entry are immediately affected.

Opcode:

Length: 6

Format:

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY

map, index, red, green, blue, mono

map

an integer representing a specific color map.
For the Professional, this value must be 0.

index

an integer from 0 to (color map
identify the color map entry.

red

an integer in the range of 0
representing the intensity of red.

65535,

green

an integer in the range of 0
to
representing the intensity of green.

65535,

blue

an integer in the range of 0
representing the intensity of blue.

65535,

mono

an integer in the range of 0
65535,
to
representing the intensity of monochrome.

Status: SUCCESS if map = 0 and index
FAILURE.

size

range;

-1),

otherwise,

Notes:
•

Table 6-7 shows color intensities in various formats:
octal
fraction, octal integer, unsigned decimal integer and signed
decimal integer. Making an intensity value larger linearly
increases intensity.
For example, specifying 32768 sets a
color to half its maximum intensity, while specifying 65535
sets a color to its maximum intensity.

6-78

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY

Table 6-7:

Sample Color Map Values

Octal
Fraction

Octal
Integer

Unsigned
Decimal
Integer

Signed
Decimal
Integer

0.0

0.1

20000

8192

0.2

40000

16384

0.3

60000

24576

0.4

100000

32768

-32768

0.5

120000

40960

-24576

0.6

140000

49152

-16384

0.7

160000

57344

-8192

Max

177777

65535

-1

Device Notes:

•

Video GIDIS ignores this instruction unless the system has an
Extended Bitmap Option (EBO).

•

On a Video with an EBO, there are 8 color map entries.
Palette, there are 16 color map entries.

•

On Professional 350 Video, there are 8 intensity levels
available for mono, red, and green; and 4 for blue.

•

On Professional 380 Video and Palette, there are 16 intensity
levels available for mono, red, green, and blue.

6-79

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY
•

If any in-between value is specified, the next lower value is
used. However, how "in between" values are treated is device
specific.
For example, the PRO 380 treats 0.16 (octal) for
red as 0.15, while the PRO 350 treats 0.16 (octal) as 0.1.

•

Sixel GIDIS and Plotter GIDIS ignore this instruction.

Example:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD

6. ,16.
0.
1.

49152
40960.
0
32768 .

;length=6,opcode for SET - COLOR_MAP - ENTRY
;PRO'S bitmap (value must be 0)
;Color index 1
;Red is three-quarters
;Green is five-eighths
;Blue is zero
;Monochrome is one-half
;This makes dark yellow on a color
;system.

6-80

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE

6.41

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT SPACE

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE specifies the coordinate units and shape
of a window you define in GOS.
Simultaneously, it sets the
output clipping rectangle to coincide with the window.
This
instruction also resets GIDIS attributes as shown in Table 6-8.
Opcode:

Length:

Format: SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE

ulx, uly, width, height

ulx

Is the x value to assign to the
in your window.

uly

Is the y value to assign to the topmost point in
your window.
In other words, [ulx, uly] is the
origin of the window.

width

Specifies the number of x units in
(See second note below. )

your

window

height

Specifies the number of y units in
(See second note below.)

your

window

than

zero;

Status:

SUCCESS if width and
otherwise, FAILURE.

height

are

leftmost

greater

point

Notes:
•

When drawing a picture with GIDIS, you normally just use a
SET_OUTPUT_IDS instruction. This sets your viewport and
clipping rectangle to the entire view surface, and makes GOS
units and IDS units the same.
For example, if the view
surface width in IDS is 960, then the view surface width in
GOS is also 960. You only need to use SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
if you do not want to draw on the entire view surface or if
you want to draw only a portion of a picture on the view
surface.
(See the third note.)

•

If the window shape is not the same as the viewport shape,
then space is left unused to the right or bottom of the
picture.
Figure 6-7 shows how a window with an extent of
1000 x 1000 maps to a viewport with an extent of 1500 x 1000.
Note how GIDIS begins at the upper left-hand corner and fills
as much of the viewport as possible.
In this case the
vertical extents match, so the picture extends to the bottom
of the viewport.
Since the horizontal extents do not match,
GIDIS leaves space on the right.
6-81

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE

IDS 1500

GOS

IDS
1000

1000

MA-1147-85

Figure 6-7:

Mapping of GOS to a Different Shaped Viewport

The SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE instruction makes it easy to
display a selected rectangle from a larger picture.
Choose
the portion of the picture you want. Use its origin, width,
and height as arguments to SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE, and then
draw the whole picture. GIDIS will fill your viewport with
the desired picture section and clip away the rest.
The
effect is that of enlarging a portion of your picture, while
maintaining all existing proportions.
(However, if the GIDIS
instructions that comprise the whole picture include a
SET_OUTPUT_GOS or SET_OUTPUT_IDS, you will not achieve the
desired result.) Figure 6-8 shows how a selected portion of a
GIDIS picture maps to a viewport with an extent in IDS of 500
x 500. The area to be drawn is identified by the following
arguments:
ulx = 300
uly = 100
width = 100
height = 100

6-82

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE

500

VIEWPORT

500

,----------

I
I

L------------J
MA-1146-8!5

Figure 6-8:

Mapping a Portion of a Picture to a Viewport

•

It is recommended that ulx, uly, (ulx +width), and
(uly + height) never be set larger than 16384 (2 to the 14th
power). This will allow sufficient off-screen address space
for accurate clipping.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE instruction.

•

Table 6-8 lists all of the GIDIS attributes modified by the
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE instruction. Standard text size is
the number of GOS units needed to match hardware character
size to the size set by INITIALIZE -1.

6-83

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT SPACE

Table 6-8:

GIDIS Attributes Affected by SET GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE

Attribute

Value

GIDIS output space

as specified

clipping region

same as GOS

current position x
current position y

line texture size

N/A

area texture width
area texture height

12
25

logical
logical
logical
logical

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

x offset
y offset
width
height

0
0
0

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

cell
cell
cell
cell

12
25
12
25

(implicit)

0
0

display size width
display size height
unit size width
unit size height

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

. BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD

2.,12 .
960 .
600 .

;assume Video GIDIS
;length=2,opcode for SET_OUTPUT IDS
;width
;height (upper left corner is [0,0] and
lower right corner is [959,599])

4.,13 .

;length=4,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT

0.
0.

480.
600 .

;Sets the viewport to the left half
of the screen

6-84

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD
.WORD

4. , 9.
0.
0
2400.
3000.

;length=4,opcode SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
;Sets GOS to 0 to 2399 in X
and 0 to 2999 in Y (all within the
left half of the screen) .
;Because 480/600 = 2400/3000, there is
no wasted space at the bottom or
right of the viewport.

6-85

SET_LINE_TEXTURE

6.42

SET LINE TEXTURE

SET_LINE_TEXTURE defines the line texture, a bit pattern that
scaled and repeated in drawing straight lines and arcs.

Lenqth:

Opcode:

Format:

SET_LINE TEXTURE

patlen, pattern, size

patlen

Is the length (in bits) of the
specified
pattern.
It must be in the range 1 to 16.

pattern

Is the bit pattern to use.
PRO/GIDIS begins the
pattern by using the low-order (rightmost) bit
(bit 0) first.

size

Specifies the length of pattern repetition
GOS units.
It must be greater than zero.

Status:

SUCCESS if patlen is in the range 1 to 16, and
is greater than O; otherwise, FAILURE.

in
size

Notes:
•

The size argument in this instruction is handled much like
size in the SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE instruction. However, scaling
is limited to integral multiples of the pattern.

•

Drawing with a solid pattern (that is, pattern = -1) is quite
a bit more efficient than drawing with a nonsolid pattern.

•

When specifying a nonsolid pattern, a highly multiplied
pattern is best. For example, patlen = 2 and pattern = 1 are
more efficient than patlen = 16 and pattern = 255 for drawing
a dashed line.
,·

•

Pixel size does not change how often the pattern repeats,
although the appearance of the line does change somewhat.

•

The pattern is rotated as lines are drawn, so that the
pattern is preserved around corners and bends.

•

Conversely, the only way to force the pattern to bit 0 is to
issue another SET_LINE_TEXTURE instruction.

•

Except for Plotter GIDIS, the size given is used only for
horizontal and vertical lines. Diagonal lines have a size
that is larger by as much as a factor of the square root of 2
(1.414 •.• ).

6-86

SET_LINE_TEXTURE
•

No drawing is done by the SET_LINE_TEXTURE instruction.

Device Notes:

•

For Plotter GIDIS, the specified pattern is mapped to the
closest pattern provided by the plotter hardware. The
patterns provided are solid, dashes, long dashes, long dash
short dash, long short short, and dots. The size of the line
pattern is set to the value specified in the command, with a
minimum of about .125 inches. The pattern is rotated rather
than projected when a diagonal line is drawn.

•

Plotter GIDIS maintains-the correct size regardless of the
direction of the lines.

Example:

.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

3.,17
;length=3., opcode for SET_LINE_TEXTURE
8.
;patlen
AB10001111 ;ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, ON
;Bits are used in order low to high
100.
;Size of one repetition of pattern in
;GIDIS output space
;makes subsequent lines dashed

6-87

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP

6.43

SET OUTPUT BITMAP

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP tells GIDIS which page of the 380 video bitmap
to make current.
All drawing executes on the current bitmap.

Opcode:

145 Length:

Format:

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP bitmap-no, dis-flag

bitmap-no

Specifies which bitmap to make current.
In low
resolutibn mode,
the value can be 1 to 4.
In
high resolution mode, the value can be 1 to 2.

dis-flag

Controls whether the current bitmap is
to be
displayed.
If flag is set, the current bitmap
is displayed.
If flag is not set,
the
current
bitmap is not displayed.

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Each bitmap is a complete environment with its own color map.

•

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP does not alter any other GIDIS attributes.
It only affects the current bitmap.

•

Do a SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP with a dis-flag of 0, if you want to
continue looking at the current picture on the screen while
GIDIS draws the next picture.
This is a useful feature in a
slide show application, for instance.

•

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP is available on the Professional 380 only.

Device Notes:

You may scroll the displayed bitmap, provided you do not
write to that bitmap while it is not the displayed bitmap.

Always go back to bitmap 1 before using text mode.
do this in several ways:

You can

4111

Use SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP with a bitmap-no argument of 1

Use the DCL command CLEAR

Use a RIS escape sequence

6-88

SET __OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION

6.44

SET OUTPUT

NG REGION

SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION
specifies
the
output
clipping
rectangle.
The clipping rectangle is the area on the view
surface where PRO/GIDIS can draw.

Opcode:

Length:

Format: SET_OUTPUT __CLIPPING_REGION

ulx, uly, dx, dy

ulx

Specifies the x coordinate of the left
the clipping region.

edge

uly

cifies the y coordinate of the
the clipping region.

edge

Sets the rightmost x of the
to ulx + dx.

Specifies the bottommost
rectangle to uly + dy.

Status:

top

clipping

rectangle

clipping

the

SUCCESS if width and height are not negative; otherwise,
FAILURE.

Notes:
•

You cannot set the clipping region to an area larger than the
device's Hardware Address Space (HAS).
An attempt to do so
reduces the clipping region to the available space.

•

Clipping does not affect the setting of the current position.
For example, if you draw a line that ends outside the
clipping rectangle, the current position is set to the x and
y you specified, even though only part of the line was drawn.

Clipping applies to all drawing.
For example, any part of a
character outside of the clipping region is not drawn.

Clipping does not affect drawing accuracy.
In particular, if
only par of an arc is inside the clipping region, that part
is drawn correctly.

6-89

SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION

•

Because the clipping rectangle includes the right and bottom
borders,
SET_POSITION 100, 150
DRAW_LINES 500, 150
draws pixels from [100,150] to [400,150] inclusive.
that the current position is now [500,150].

•

Note

No drawing is done by the SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION
instruction.

Example:

.BYTE

4• 4•

. WORD
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD

100 .
100.
400 .
100 .

;length=4,
;opcode for SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION
;Sets output clipping region to rectangle
;with the upper left corner at 100,100
;and the lower right corner at 500,200.

6-90

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR

6.45

SET OUTPUT CURSOR

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR selects the symbol to be used as the cursor and
aligns it relative to the current position. The cursor is a
visible indication of the current position.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET OUTPUT CURSOR alphabet, index, width, height,
offset-x, offset-y

alphabet

Specifies the alphabet containing the
or the special cursor alphabet (-1).

index

Specifies the character or special cursor.

width

Specifies the width of the cursor.
The
must be greater than or equal to zero.

width

height

Specifies the height of the cursor. The
must be greater than or equal to zero.

height

off set-x

Specifies distance from the left edge of the
cursor to the current position (range is 0 to
width) .

off set-y

Specifies distance from the top edge of the
cursor to the current position (range is 0 to
height).

Status:

character

SUCCESS if alphabet is -1 to 15, alphabet width is less
than or equal to 16, alphabet height is less than or
equal to 16, and the offsets are in range; otherwise,
FAILURE.

Notes:
•

Applies to Video GIDIS only.

•

If the alphabet is not -1, the width and height are treated
as a unit cell size; there is no equivalent of a display
cell. When the specified character is scaled to width and
height (using the rules described under
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE, the x and y offsets are scaled by the
same ratios.

6-91

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR

•

An alphabet code of -1 specifies that one of the following
special built-in cursors should be used:
-1
0
1
2
3

No cursor
Implementation default (same as 1)
Tracking cross
(small cross)
Crosshairs (full clipping rectangle width and height)
Block (solid rectangle)
All other values are reserved.

Width, height, and the offsets are ignored when the tracking
cross or crosshairs are used.
•

If the chosen cursor is neither a special cursor nor a
character in alphabet 0, your program must define the
character before executing SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR. Redefining the
selected character after a SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR does not change
the cursor's appearance.
You must use another
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR to change the appearance of the cursor.

•

When the SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR instruction executes, the
appearance of the cursor changes immediately.

Device Note:
•

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR changes only the GIDIS cursor.
However,
turning the Terminal Subsystem's text cursor ON or OFF has
the side effect of turning the Video GIDIS cursor ON or OFF.

Example:
.BYTE
.WORD
. WORD

. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

6• t 5•
1.
2•

30 .
30 .
15 .
0.

;length=6,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
;Alphabet 1 (user-defined alphabet)
;Character index value
;(Assume that Alphabet 1, character-index
;2, is defined as an arrow pointing
;straight upward
;Width of 30
;Height of 30
;offset-x
;offset-y
;Makes the arrow the new cursor and
;aligns it such that its tip is at the
;current position.

6-92

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR

Example:
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

6•I 5•
-1.
-1.
0.
0.
3.
4.

;length=6,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
;PRO/GIDIS Cursor Alphabet
;No cursor
;Width value of zero
(ignored)
;Height value of zero
(ignored)
;offset-x (ignored)
;offset-y (ignored)
;turns the GIDIS cursor off

6-93

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION

6.46

SET OUTPUT CURSOR RENDITION

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION controls cursor and rubber
band
rendition. The rendition options are blinking and continuous.
Length:

Opcode:

Format:

SET_OUTPUT CURSOR_RENDITION mask

mask

Status:

Is a word that specifies the rendition.
The
rendition is represented in the mask as a bit.
If the 0 bit is set, the cursor or rubber band
blinks; if not, it is continuous.
SUCCESS

Notes:

•

Applies to Video GIDIS only.

•

Bits 1-15 of mask are reserved.

•

Using a continuous cursor during picture drawing is very
expensive.

Example:

.BYTE

1.,72.

.WORD

;length=!, opcode for
;SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION
;set to continuous mode

6-94

SET_OUTPUT_IDS

6.47

SET OUTPUT IDS

SET_OUTPUT_IDS specifies the width and height of Imposed Device
Space (IDS).
It also sets GIDIS Output Space, the clipping
rectangle, and the viewport to be identical with IDS, and sets
all GIDIS attributes as shown in Table 6-9.

Length:

Opcode:

Format:

SET_OUTPUT IDS

width, height

width

Specifies the number of x units on your device

height

Specifies the number of y units on your device

Status:

SUCCESS if width and
otherwise, FAILURE.

height

are

greater

than

Notes:
•

The upper left corner of IDS is always [0,0]. The
coordinates of the lower-right corner are [width -1, height
-1] .

•

When the shape of IDS is not equal to the shape of the
hardware address space, only the top left portion of the view
surface is used. This mapping mirrors the mapping of GOS to
a different shaped viewport. See note 2 under
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE.

•

It is recommended that width and height never be set larger
than 16384 (2 to the 14th power). This will allow sufficient
off-screen address space for accurate clipping.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_OUTPUT_IDS instruction.

•

Table 6-9 lists all of the GIDIS attributes affected by the
SET_OUTPUT_IDS instruction.

6-95

SET_OUTPUT IDS

Table 6-9:

IDS

GIDIS Attributes Affected

Attribute

Value

IDS width
IDS height

as specified
as specified

viewport

same as IDS

GIDrS output space
clipping region

same as IDS
same as IDS

current position x
current position y

0
0

line texture size

N/A

area texture width
area texture height

12
25

logical
logical
logical
logical

0
0
0
0

pixel
pixel
pixel
pixel

x off set
y offset

width
height

cell movement mode flag
cell explicit movement dx
cell explicit movement dy

2 (implicit)

cell
cell
cell
cell

12
25
12
25

0
0

display size width
display size height
unit size width
unit size height

6-96

SET_OUTPUT_IDS
Example:
.BYTE
.WORD
.WORD

2.,12.
960.
600.

.BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
. WORD

4•I13 •
0.
0.
480.
600 .

.BYTE
. WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

4., 9.
0.
0.
2400.
3000.

;assume Video GIDIS
;length=2,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_IDS
;width
;height (upper left corner is [0,0] and
lower right corner is [959,599])
;length=4,opcode for SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
;Sets the viewport to the left half
of the screen
;length=4,opcode SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
;Sets GOS to O-to-2399 in x
and 0-to-2999 in Y (all within the
left half of the screen)
;Because 480/600 = 2400/3000, there is
;no wasted space at the bottom and
;right of the viewport.

6-97

SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND

6.48

SET OUTPUT RUBBER BAND

SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND specifies if a rubber band is
generated.
It also gives the origin of the rubber band.
Opcode:

Length:

Format: SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND type, origin-x, origin-y

type

Is the type of rubber band to use.
6-10.)

origin-x

Is the x coordinate of the desired rubber band's
origin.

origin-y

Is the y coordinate of the desired rubber band's
origin.

Status:

(See

table

SUCCESS if the type is legal; otherwise, FAILURE.

Table 6-10:

Types of Rubber Bands

Type Code

Rubber Band

-1

No rubber band

Default (same as -1)

Rubber band line

Rubber band rectangle

Notes:
e

Applies to Video GIDIS only.

The SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION instruction applies to rubber
bands as well as cursors.

6-98

SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
•

The rubber band line is drawn from its origin to the current
position.

•

The rubber band rectangle is a rectangle with one corner at
the rubber band origin and the opposite corner at the current
position. The rectangle will degenerate to a line (or point)
if one or both of the coordinates of the current position and
rubber band origin are the same.

•

Since both the cursor and the rubber band are drawn in
complement mode, it may be preferable to turn the cursor OFF
when a rubber band is ON.

Example:

. BYTE

3., 53 .

.WORD
. WORD
. WORD

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

50 .
60 .
2. ,29 .

100 .
300 .

;length=3., opcode for
;SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
;rubber band line
;its origin is [50,60]
;length=l., opcode for SET_POSITION
;new current position
;is [100,300]
;there will be a rubber band line from
;[50,60] to [100,300].

6-99

SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT

6.49

SET OUTPUT VIEWPORT

SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT specifies the
size and location of your
viewport.
Your viewport is the rectangle on the view surf ace to
which your picture is mapped for display.
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
also sets the clipping rectangle to match the viewport.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET - OUTPUT_VIEWPORT

ulx, uly, width, height

ulx

specifies the x coordinate of the left
the viewport, in IDS units

edge

uly

specifies the y coordinate of the
the viewport, in IDS units

top

edge

width

specifies the width
units

the

viewport,

IDS

height

specifies the height of
units

the

viewport,

IDS

are

greater

than

Status:

SUCCESS if width and
otherwise, FAILURE.

height

Notes:
•

Use this instruction when you want the drawing area to be
smaller than the view surface.

•

To copy a picture to another part of the view surface and/or
change its size, you need only do a SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT and
then redraw the picture.
You need to do a
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT SPACE as well only if you want to draw a
different portion of the picture.

•

Unlike SET_OUTPUT_IDS and SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE, this
instruction does not initialize any of the GIDIS attributes.
However, it does alter them.
For example, suppose cell unit
width in GOS is 36 and you make your viewport half as wide.
This makes every GOS unit half as wide.
Thus if cell unit
width had been 18 pixels, it is now 9 pixels.
Cell unit
width in GOS is still 36, but 36 GOS units is half as wide as
before.

6-100

SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
•

A SET_OUTPUT_IDS simulates a SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT with
arguments as follows:
ulx
0
uly
0
width = width of IDS
height = height of IDS

•

No drawing is done by the SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT instruction.

Example:

See SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE description.

6-101

SET_PIXEL_SIZE

6.50

SET PIXEL SIZE

SET_PIXEL_SIZE permits you to set the size of the logical pixel
used for drawing straight lines and arcs.
For large pixels, you
also control where the pixel is aligned relative to the current
position.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET - PIXEL - SIZE

4
width, height, offset-x, off set-y

width

Specifies
pixel.

the

width

the

logical

drawing

height

Specifies the
pixel.

height

the

logical

drawing

off set-x

Specifies distance from the left
pixel to the current position.

edge

the

off set-y

Specifies distance from the top
pixel to the current position.

edge

the

Status:

SUCCESS if width and height are greater than or equal to
zero, offset-x is greater than or equal to zero and not
greater than width, and offset-y is greater than or
equal to zero and not greater than height; otherwise,
FAILURE.

Notes:
•

The drawing pixel is always a rectangle orthogonal to the X
and Y axes.

•

Changing pixel size does not change the size of GOS units.
It just tell GIDIS the size and alignment of the rectangle to
draw at each point along the line. Thus patterned lines have
less "off space" when pixel size is large.

•

Default pixel size is device dependent.
It is between 1/50
and 1/100 of an inch.
If possible, one hardware pixel is
used.

•

A size value that maps to a size smaller than a hardware
pixel is set to the hardware pixel size. However, width = 0
and height = 0 sets the logical drawing pixel to the default
pixel size.

6-102

SET_PIXEL_SIZE
•

Because the pixel is a rectangle, a diagonal line is thicker
than a horizontal or vertical line.

•

When pixel size is not 1 x 1, complement writing mode can
produce unexpected results.

•

No drawing is done when the SET_PIXEL_SIZE function executes.

Device Notes:

•

On Plotter GIDIS, SET_PIXEL_SIZE sets line width to (width +
height)/2.

•

On Plotter GIDIS, one hardware pixel is the size of the pen.

•

For purposes of drawing thick lines on a plotter, a hardware
pixel is treated as 1/75 of an inch. However a double line
is not drawn until line width is greater than 1/30 of an
inch. This is to accommodate the fact that a .7mm pen is
almost this thick.

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD
. WORD

6.
6.

. WORD

3•

4. '19 .
3•

;length=4,opcode for SET_PIXEL_SIZE
;width in GIDIS output space units
;Height in GIDIS output space units
;Centers the current position
;horizontally
;Centers the current position vertically

6-103

SET_PLANE_MASK

6.51

SET

E MASK

SET_PLANE_MASK performs a Boolean AND operation on the plane-mask

and the current color index and sets pixels using the resultant
index. For
e, if the current color index is 5 and the
plane-mask is 3, a color index 1 (=3 AND 5) is actually used.

Opcode:

Format:

SET PLANE_.MASK

plane-mask

Status:

plane-mask

Is a bit
planes.
plane.

mask representing a combination of
set bit indicates an accessible

SUCCESS

Notes:

Use a mask of -1 to ensure that all planes are accessible.

111

No drawing is done by the SET_PLANE_MASK instruction.

Device Notes:

•

When used with an EBO, the text portion of the Terminal
Subsystem uses plane 3 for text: When not used with an EBO,
it uses plane 1 for text.

The various GIDIS devices have different numbers of planes:
Professional Video with the EBO has 3 planes.
Palette has 4 planes.
Plotter GIDIS has 3 planes.
All other devices have 1 plane.

In Video GIDIS the color map can be used in combination with
the plane mask to prepare separate images in separate planes
for switching back and forth quickly.
For example:
;Set all color map entries to dark
;and clear bitmap
.BYTE

1~,20.,

;length=l,opcode for SET_PLANE_MASK
6-104

SET_PLANE_MASK
.WORD

;plane 1
;draw image A in plane 1
;Set color map entry 1 to desired color
;Image A appears

.BYTE
. WORD

1. I 20 •

;length=l,opcode for SET_PLANE_MASK
;plane 2
;draw image B in plane 2
;Set color map entry 1 to dark
;Image A disappears
;Set color map entry
;Image B appears

2 to desired color

However long it took to draw Image B, it will appear all at
once. You can continue flipping images A and B very quickly.
In other words, you can draw B while A is being viewed and so
forth.
Example:
. BYTE
.WORD

1.,20 .
BOll

;length=l,opcode for SET_PLANE_MASK
;Enables GIDIS access to planes 1 and 2
;Plane 3 is write-protected

6-105

SET_POSITION

6.52

SET POSITION

SET_POSITION sets the
coordinates.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_POSITION

new

current

position

the

specified

x, y

Specifies the new x coordinate
position.

the

current

Specifies the new y coordinate
position.

the

current

Status:

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Current position may be set outside the clipping region.
However, x and y should never be set larger than 16384 (2 to
the 14th power). This will allow sufficient off-screen
address space for accurate clipping.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_POSITION instruction.

Example:
. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

2., 29 .
100 .
350 .

;Length=2, opcode for SET_POSITION
;New current position
;is [100,350]

6-106

SET_PRIMARY_COLOR

6.53

SET PRIMARY COLOR

SET_PRIMARY_COLOR sets the primary color index to use in drawing
subsequent objects.
Primary color is the color used for ON bits
in current line texture,
current area texture,
and character
glyphs.

Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_PRIMARY_COLOR

color-value

Status:

color-value

Specifies primary color as an index.
On a
multi-plane system, color-value functions as an
index into the color map.
On a single-plane
system it specifies ON (color-value not 0) or
OFF (color-value 0).

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Refer to the INITIALIZE instruction for a list of the
power-on default colors.

•

If color-value is greater than color map size, color-value
modulus map size is used.

•

This instruction is affected by the SET_PLANE_MASK
instruction.

•

No drawing is done by the SET_PRIMARY_COLOR instruction.

Device Notes
•

See Appendix E for the relationship between color and pens in
Plotter GIDIS.

Example:
.BYTE
. WORD

1., 21.
4•

;length=l,opcode for SET_PRIMARY_COLOR
;defines primary color as color number 4

6-107

SET_REL_POSITION

6.54

SET REL POSITION

SET_REL_POSITION sets a new current position as
the old current position.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_REL_POSITION

offset

from

2
dx, dy

Specifies the x coordinate of the new current
position as: x of current position + dx.

Specifies the y coordinate of the new current
position as: y of current position + dy.

Status:

SUCCESS.

Notes:
•

SET_REL_POSITION [dx,dy] is always the same as SET_POSITION
[Current x + dx, Current y + dy].

•

No drawing is done by the SET_POSITION instruction.

Example:
. BYTE
. WORD
. WORD

2. ,30 .
100 .
-50 .

;Current position is [100,350]
;Length=2, opcode for SET_REL_POSITION
;Relative position is
;[+100,-50]
;New current position is [200,300]

6-108

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR

6.55

SET_SECONDARY COLOR

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR sets the secondary color, for use in drawing
subsequent objects.
Secondary color is the color used for OFF
bits in the current line texture, current area texture,
and
glyphs.
It is also the color generated by NEW_PICTURE and
ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION, and scrolled in by SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION.
Opcode:

Length:

Format:

SET_SECONDARY COLOR

color-value

Status:

color-value

Specifies secondary color as an index.
On a
multi-plane system, color-value functions as an
index into the color map.
On a single-plane
system,
it specifies ON (color-value not 0) or
OFF (color-value 0).

SUCCESS

Notes:
•

Refer to the SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY description for a list of
the power-on default colors.

•

If color-value is greater than color map size, color-value
modulus map size is used.

•

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR is affected by the SET_PLANE_MASK
instruction.

•

This instruction does not draw anything or affect the view
surface.

Device Notes
•

See Appendix E for the relationship between colors and pens.

•

Plotter GIDIS never changes the secondary color:
the paper
always remains the same color. However there is an effect.
If you set secondary color to N, drawing in color 0 will draw
with the pen that is normally used when drawing with color N.

•

If secondary color modulus 16 is greater than or equal to 8,
Plotter GIDIS slows pen speed to 10 cps. The slower speed
results in better quality when drawing a transparency.

6-109

SET_SECONDARY_COLOR

Example:
. BYTE
.WORD

1., 15 .
1.

;length=l,opcode for SET_SECONDARY_COLOR
;defines secondary color as index 1

6-110

SET_WRITING_MODE

6.56

SET WRITING MODE

SET_WRITING_MODE defines how PRO/GIDIS interprets ON and OFF bits
in line textures,
area textures,
and glyphs.
There are 10
options as described in Table 6-11.
Opcode:

Format:

SET_WRITING_MODE

mode-code

Table 6-11:

Length:

mode-code

Specifies one of the integer
Table 6-11.

values

listed

Writing Mode Options

Code

Writing Mode

Description

Transparent

Updates the current position, but
does no drawing.

Transparent
Negate

Updates the current position, but
does no drawing.

Complement

If current-pattern-bit is on,
complements the color of the
current pixel. This means the
current pixel is set to (2 **
plane's current color). In a 3
plane system, complementing 2 sets
it to 6 (2 ** 3 - 2).

Complement Negate

If current-pattern-bit is off,
complements the current pixel.

Overlay

If current-pattern-bit is on, the
current pixel is set to the
current primary color.

Overlay Negate

If current-pattern-bit is off, the
current pixel is set to the
current primary color.

6-111

SET_WRITING_MODE

Code

Writing Mode

Description

Replace

If current-pattern-bit is on, the
current pixel is set to the
current primary color (same as
overlay). If current-pattern-bit
is off, the current pixel is set
to secondary color.

Replace Negate

If current-pattern-bit is off, the
current is set to the current
primary color. If
current-pattern-bit is on, the
current pixel is set to secondary
color.

Erase

The current pixel is set to
secondary color.

Erase Negate

The current pixel is set to
primary color.

Status:
SUCCESS
FAILURE.

valid

mode

requested;

otherwise,

Notes:
•

No drawing is done by the SET_WRITING_MODE instruction.

Figure 6-9 shows the same line texture (which includes ON and OFF
bits)
drawn over light and dark areas in all visible writing
modes.

6-112

Transparent
Transparent
Over la~.

~~~~

Overla'd

tl38 ~ tl38

lace

Replace- Ne
11.1 ass ~
C_9-_!!!P l ement

~~iW~
Comp 1 ement I\.!
~ SSS
~

Erase
Erase

Ne ate

Figure 6-9:

Writing

Line

Device Notes
e

Plotter GIDIS treats modes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 as overlay and
modes 0, 1, 8, 9 as transparent.

Example:

. BYTE
. WORD

l. '22 .
6.

;length=l,opcode for SET_WRITING_r10DE
;Specifies REPLACE writing mode

6-113

APPENDIX A
PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

This appendix contains PRO/GIDIS instruction summaries and report
tags for quick reference.
The instruction summaries are in two different formats:
in
ascending opcode order and in alphabetic order. The opcode and
number of arguments are shown as separate byte values, and as
opcode word values.
The opcode word value = (opcode * 256) +
number of arguments. Note, when the resultant opcode word value
is greater than 32,000, it is subtracted from 65,536 (2**16) and
a negative opcode word value results.

Table A-1:

GIDIS Instructions in Opcode Order

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

257

INITIALIZE mask

770

SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE w, h

1028

SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION
ulx, uly, w, h

1286

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
alpha, index, w, h, ox, oy

1536

NEW_PICTURE

Instruction and Arguments

Opcode
Word

NOP

A-1

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

2308

Instruction and Arguments

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT SPACE
h

x, y, w,

3074

SET_OUTPUT_IDS w, h

3332

SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
ulx, uly, w, h

3586

SET_AREA_TEXTURE a, c

3841

SET SECONDARY COLOR color

4102

SET_COLOR_MAP ENTRY
m, color, r, g, b, mono

4355

SET_LINE_TEXTURE
patlen, pattern, size

4868

SET_PIXEL SIZE w, h, ox, oy

5121

SET_PLANE_MASK mask

5377

SET PRIMARY COLOR color

5633

SET_WRITING_MODE mode

5888+3N

DRAW_ARCS x, y, angle

6144

6400+2N

DRAW_LINES x, y

6656+2N

DRAW_REL_LINES dx, dy

6912+3N

DRAW_REL_ARCS dx, dy, angle

7168

FLUSH_BUFFER

7426

SET_POSITION x, y

7682

SET_REL POSITION dx, dy

7936

BEGIN FILLED FIGURE

8192

END FILLED FIGURE

4 or 5

8448+N

END PICTURE

BEGIN_DEFINE CHARACTER
c, w, nw, nh, [lo ff]

A-2

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

Instruction and Arguments

2+N

8706+N

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
c, w, dO . . . d15

8960+N

DRAW_CHARACTERS char-index

9216

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

9474

LOAD_BY_NAME name_O, name_l

3-7

9472+N

LOAD_BY_NAME
Chl, Ch2, Ch3,

. . . Chn

9729

SET_ALPHABET alphabet

10242

SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE w, h

10498

SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT dx,
dy

10753

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE flags

11009

SET_CELL_RENDITION flags

11265

SET_CELL_ROTATION angle

11522

SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE w, h

5 or 6

11775+N

CREATE_ALPHABET
w, h, extent, flags,
[initialize], [ave-width]

12288

ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION

13314

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION
dx, dy

13571

SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
type, x, y

13824

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

14080

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

14592

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

14848

REQUEST_STATUS

16641

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE angle

A-3

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES
Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

Instruction and Arguments

17666

SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE w, h

18176

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

18433

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION

mask
74

18944+N

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS

2charindex
128

-32768

141

6 OR 7

-29434

END_LIST
PRINT_SCREEN

x, y, w, h, hxly, dxly, [mask]
145

-28414

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP

bitmap-no, dis-flag

A-4

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES
Table A-2 lists GIDIS instructions in alphabetical order.

Table A-2:

GIDIS Instructions in Alphabetical Order

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

Instruction and Arguments

4 or 5

8448+N

.. 31

BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
c, w, nw,nh, [loff]

7936

4,5 or 6

11775+N

CREATE_ALPHABET
w, h, extent, flags
[initialize], [ave-width]

5888+3N

DRAW_ARCS x, y,

8960+N

DRAW_CHARACTERS char-index

6400+N

DRAW_LINES x, y

18944+N

DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS
2charindex

6912+3N

DRAW_REL_ARCS dx, dy, angle

6656+N

DRAW_REL_LINES dx, dy

9216

END_DEFINE_CHARACTER

8192

END_FILLED_CHARACTER

128

-32768

6144

END_PICTURE

12288

ERASE CLIPPING_REGION

7168

FLUSH_BUFFER

257

INITIALIZE mask

9474

LOAD_BY_NAME name_O, name_l

BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE

angl~

END_LIST

A-5

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

Instruction and Arguments

3-7

9472+N

LOAD_BY_NAME
Chl, Ch2, Ch3,

2+N

8706+N

1536

141

6 OR 7

... Chn

LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
c, w, ao, ... a1s
NEW_PICTURE
NOP
PRINT SCREEN
x, y, w, h, hxly, dxly,

-29434

[mask]

13824

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

14080

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

14592

REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE

14848

REQUEST_STATUS

18176

REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER

13314

SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION
dx, dy

9729

SET_ALPHABET alphabet

17666

SET_AREA_CELL SIZE

3586

SET_AREA_TEXTURE a, c

770

SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE w, h

10242

SET_CELL_DISPLAY SIZE w, h

10498

SET_CELL EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
dx, dy

10753

SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE flags

16641

SET_CELL_OBLIQUE angle

11009

SET_CELL_RENDITION flags

11265

SET_CELL_ROTATION angle

11522

SET_CELL_UNIT SIZE w, h
A-6

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

Opcode

Number of
Arguments

Opcode
Word

4102

SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY

2308

SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
x' y' w., h

4355

SET_LINE_TEXTURE
patlen, pattern, size

145

-28414

1028

Instruction and Arguments

SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP
bitmap-no,dis-flag
SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION ox,

oy, w, h
5

1286

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR

a, c, w, h, ox, oy
72

18433

3074

13571

3332

SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION
SET_OUTPUT_IDS w, h
SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
type, x, y
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT

x, y, w, h
19

4868

SET PIXEL SIZE w, h, ox, oy

5121

SET_PLANE_MASK mask

7426

SET_POSITION x, y

5377

SET PRIMARY_COLOR color

7682

SET_REL_POSITION dx, dy

3841

SET SECONDARY_COLOR color

5633

SET_WRITING_MODE mode

A-7

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SUMMARIES

Table A-3 lists report tags.

Table A-3:

Report Tags

Tag
Number

Argument
Length

258

CURRENT_POSITION_REPORT x,y

521

OUTPUT_SIZE_REPORT
ulx, uly, screen_width,
screen_height, total_width,
total_height, resolution_x,
resolution_y, total_plane_mask

1025

STATUS_REPORT code

1284

CELL_STANDARD_REPORT
uw, uh, dw, dh

1794

VERSION NUMBER_REPORT
code, version

Opcode
Word

A-8

Report Tag and Arguments

APPENDIX B
DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

BITS

r---i
ROW

NUL

SOH

0 0

STX

ETX

EOT

ENQ

0
0
0

20
16
10

21
17
11

DC2

22
18
12

1
1
1
2
2

OLE
DC1
IXONI

45
37
25

25
21
15

65
53
35

105
69
45

125
85
55

145
101
65

ACK

6
6
6

SYN

26
22
16

66
54
36

106
70
46

126
86
56

146
102
66

BEL

7
7
7

ETB

27
23
17

CAN

30
24
18

32
26
1A

VT
FF

13
11
8

ESC

33
27
18

34
28
1C

35
29
10

36
30
1E

37
31
1F

14
12

15
13
D

16
14
E

17
15
F

&
I

38
26
47
39
27

2D
56

46
2E

57
47
2F

OCTAL
DECIMAL

HEX

144

103
67

165
117
75

166
118
76

167
119
77
170
120
78

71
57
39

111
73
49

131
89
59

151
105
69

171
121
79

72
58
3A

112
74
4A

132
90
SA

152
106
6A

113

[

133
91
58

114
76
4C

134
92
SC

75
61
30

115
77
40

]

135
93
50

76
62
3E

116
78
4E

136
94
SE

77
63
3F

117
79
4F

137
95
5F

73
59
38

74
60
3C

B-1

100
64

147

127
87
57

143
99
63

;

KEY
27

150
104
68

75
48

GL CODES

83
53

~co CODES---+-----------(ASCll GRAPHICS)

ESC

123

130
88
58

55
45

107
71

52
42
2A

54
44
2C

67
43

53
43
28

103

110
72
48

51
41
29

)

55
37

(

70
56
38

50
40
28

L_____

CHARACTER

164
116
74

NAK

5
5

SUB

12
10
A

163
115
73

124
84
54

162
114
72

98
62

104
68
44

142

1 0

64
52
34

122
82
52

31
25
19

161
113
71

44
36
24

11
9
9

102
66
42

141
97
61

24
20
14

DC4

1 1

62
50
32

121
81
51

4
4
4

160
112
70

101
65
41

63
51
33

42
34
22

140
96
60

61
49
31

120
80

43
35
23

41
33
21

100
64
40

1
0

23
19
13

DC3

1 0

60
48
30

1
0

IXOFFI

0
1

3
3

10
8
8

0
1

0
0

bS
b4 bJ b2 b1

0
0

COLUMN

172
122
7A

{

173
123
78

174
124
7C

}

175
125
7D

156
110
6E

"""

176
126
7E

157
111
6F

DEL

177
127
7F

153
107
68
154
108
6C
155
109
6D

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

1
0

200
128

DCS

220
144
90

PU1

221
145
91

PU2

222
146
92

203
131
83

STS

223
147
93

204
132
84

CCH

224
148
94

NEL

205
133
85

225
149
95

SSA

206
134
86

SPA

so
201
129
81
202
130
82

ESA

207
135
87

EPA

241
161
A1

260
176
BO

261
177
B1

242
162
A2

262
178
82

243
163
A3

263
179
83
264
180
84

244
164

...

300
192

301
193
C1

306
198
C6

227
151
97

247
167
A7

267
183
87

307
199

'
E

310
200

HTJ

211
137
89

231
153
99

VTS

212
138
SA

232
154
9A

PLO

213
139
SB

CS!

233
155
9B

234
156
9C

"Xi_

235

250
168
AS

270
184
SB

251
169
A9

271
185
89

252
170
AA

272
186
BA

253
171
AB

273
1S7
SB

254
172
AC

274
188
BC

215
141
SD

osc 15790

255
173
AD

SS2

216
142
BE

C36
158
9E

256
174
AE

SS3

217
143
BF

APC

237
159
9F

257
175
AF

112

275
189
SD
276
190
BE

277

191
BF

CHARACTER

306

OCTAL

198

DECIMAL

____

ESC

..._

__, HEX
C6

B-2

362
242
F2

363
243
F3

365
245
F5

326
214
06

346
230
E6

366
246
F6

327
215
07

347
231
E7

367
247
F7

350
232
EB

J!i

370
248
F8

331
217
09

351
233
E9

371
249
F9

332
218
DA

352
234
EA

372
250
FA

333
219
DB

e·

353
235
EB

373
251
FB

374
252
FC

375
253
FD

376
254
FE

377
255
FF

..
0

If'

..u

..v

323
211
03
324
212
04

330
216
OS

334
220
DC
335
221
DD
336
222
DE

337
223
OF

[_ __
GR CODES
~C1 CODES---+->-------(DEC SUPPLEMENTAL GRAPHICS)

KEY

""'
0

316
206
CE
317
207
CF

345
229
E5

314
204

325
213
05

313
203
CB

315
205
CD

312
202
CA

361
241
F1

364
244
F4

ROW

360
240
FD

A
0

311
201
C9

If'

I--

344
22B
E4

341
225
E1

A::

b6
b4 b3 b2 b1

304
196
C4

266
182
BB

...
a

340
224
EO

BITS

343
227
E3

,-r

246
166
AB

b7
1

342
226
E2

-..

226
150
96

322
210
02

303
195
C3

305
197
C5

321
209
01

....

b8
1

320
208
DO

302
194
C2

265
181
85

HTS

240
160
AO

COLUMN

1
1

230
152
9S

214
140

1
0

()

245
165
A5

210
136
88

PLU

0
1

13
1

0
0

IND

0
0

-..

'I
,
I
A

..
i

354
236
EC
355

237

'I.I
,
I.I
A

..u
..
y

ED
356

238
EE
357
239
EF

APPENDIX C
FONT FILE FORMAT

This Appendix describes the memory-resident format of a
font
file.
A LOAD_BY_NAME font must have this format.
GIDIS requires
the data in a font file to be ordered as follows:
•

header

•

pointer table

•

glyphs

C.1

HEADER

Header information (word wide) starts at the beginning of the
font file.
For example, Word 0 in the font is AL$MAG.
Table C-1
shows the format of the header.

Table C-1:

Name

Header Format

Offset

Description

AL$MAG

Magic number--must be 16473.

AL$STR

Structure version number--102.

AL$SIZ

Size of header in bytes--30.

AL$TOT

Total size of font file in
bytes--may be up to 64KB.

C-1

HEADER

Name

Off set

Description

AL$FLG

Flags--see CREATE_ALPHABET.

AL$RS0

Reserved for future.

AL$WID

Width of glyphs in this font--1 to 64
bits.

AL$HGT

Height of glyph--1 to 64 bits.

AL$FST

Index of first character represented in
this font file--0 or greater.

AL$EXT

Extent of font file--number of glyph
pointers you want in the font file.
There is no specific limit if AL$TOT is
less than 8KB; otherwise, AL$EXT must
not be greater than 512.

AL$PTR

Offset from start of font file to
pointer table. Pointer table must be
present and on a word boundary. See
Section C.2.

AL$RS1

Reserved for future use.

AL$FNT

Offset from start of font file to start
of glyphs. See Section C.3.

AL$0RP

Offset from start of glyphs to
out-of-range glyph, or -1. If -1,
PRO/GIDIS will use its default
out-of-range character.

AL$RS2

Reserved for future use.

C.2

POINTER TABLE

The pointer table contains AL$EXT words.
Note that multiple
table entries may point to the same glyph.
If a table entry
contains -1, GIDIS treats the character as if it were out of
range. Table C-2 shows the format of the pointer table.

C-2

POINTER TABLE

Table C-2:

Pointer Table Format

Name

Description

1st entry

Offset from start of glyphs to the font
information for the character with index
AL$FST.

2nd entry

Offset from start of glyphs to the font
information for the character with index
(AL$FST + 1).

Last entry

Offset from start of glyphs to the font
information for the character with index
(AL$FST + (n-1)).

C.3

GLYPHS

If AL$WID is 9 to 16, each glyph must start on a word boundary.
Otherwise,
glyphs may start on byte boundaries.
There are no
wasted bytes in a glyph.
For example, if AL$WID is 22
(3 bytes
per row of a glyph) and the glyph starts at offset x, then the
second row starts at x + 3, the third row starts at x + 6, etc.
The leftmost pixel of a glyph is the low order bit of a
row's
first byte.
Conversely,
the rightmost pixel of a glyph is the
first used bit of the row's last byte.
For example,
let AL$WID
be 14, and examine the first row of a glyph.
The leftmost pixel
is bit 0 of byte 0 and the rightmost pixel is bit 5 of byte 1.
If the proportional flag is set, an extra word precedes other
glyph data.
The first byte of this extra word is the glyph's
ave-width; the second byte is its left-offset.

C-3

PENDIX D
MANAGING FONTS

D.1

MAKING A FO

AVAILABLE TO GIDIS

The .FDF files on LB:[ZZFONT] are files that tell the font server
about the
font
files available on your system.
When you boot
your system, the font server is spawned and reads each .FDF file
on
[ZZFONT].
To make your fonts available in an application and
for printing GIDIS files,
have
the application's
installation
file
(.INS or
.INB)
copy the application's name with an .FDF
extension (for example, APPname.FDF) to [ZZFONT].
An .FDF file contains one line per font file.
Each line contains
several
fields.
The
fields are separated by spaces, but there
may not be spaces before the first field in the line.
You may
use tabs in place of spaces.
The order of fields is fixed.
The
fields must appear in the following order:
File type

A one-character field.
It should be G
for a GIDIS font file, and S for a DEC
standard font file.
S fonts are used
only on the LN03.

File spec

The full file specification of the font
file.
There may be no embedded spaces.

Family ID

The font style.
Note that a number of
fonts are called DGIDIS, the family ID
for the default GIDIS fonts.

Ave-width

For proportionally spaced fonts, the
average width (number of horizontal
pixels) of glyphs in a font file.
For
monospaced fonts, use the actual width
(in pixels) of glyphs in this field.
For example, the initial font on Video
GIDIS has an ave-width of 12.

D-1

MAKING A FONT AVAILABLE TO GIDIS
Character cell height

The height (number of vertical pixels)
of glyphs in a font file.
For example,
the initial font on Video GIDIS has a
height of 10.

Region name

The region name defined for the font
when its .TSK file was built by calling
GIFONT.

Rendition flags

Zero or more one-character fields.
Each
field defines the rendition built into
the font.
The defined options are I for
italics, B for bold, P for proportional,
and L for limit multiplication. Use L
to prevent a heavily multiplied low
detail font from being selected over a
better font.

The following is a sample line in an .FDF file:
G LB:[ZZFONT]DMGZO.TSK dgidis

9 10 DG$20 L

~limit multiplication

region name

cell height
cell width

default GIDIS font
complete file specification
indicates a GIDIS-format font file.
You may put blank lines in an .FDF file, but no comments.

D-2

FONT NAMING CONVENTIONS

D.2

FONT NAMING CONVENTIONS

A potentially large number of font files must coexist.
For GIDIS
fonts,
this means their
region names must coexist.
Because
region names are limited to six Radix-50
characters,
not much
name space exists.
We suggest that you name fonts and regions as
follows:
ff cwha
where
ff

Indicates the family ID of the font.
default GIDIS fonts, ff is DG.

Identifies the character set.
The reserved
values are $ for DEC Multinational (in file
spec$ is replaced by M), P for patterns,
and S for symbols.

Specifies the ave-width and height of the font.
encoding for each is as follows:

M
N

means
means
means
means
means
means
means
means

means 60

z
0-9
A-K
L

For

8
9
10-19
20-30
32
34
36

NOTE
Because of the limitations of the Radix-50 naming
space,
some problems occur with this naming
convention.
You'll note that YZ can mean a
character that
is 8 x 9 or 58 x 60.
In such
cases, distinguish between the two by giving each
size a unique
family ID.
Note also that you
cannot create characters with
odd
numbered
ave-widths or heights greater than 30, unless you
create your own naming convention.

D-3

The

FONT NAMING CONVENTIONS

indicates font rendition attributes.
reserved values:
B

c
D
I

J
p

for
for
for
for
for
for
for

The following are

bold
bold + italics
bold + proportional
italics
italics + proportional
proportional
bold + italics + proportional

For example the file name DGMFF.TSK and region name DG$FF
indicate Default GIDIS,
DEC Multinational,
20 x 20, and no
rendition attributes.

0.3

FONTS SUPPLIED WITH GIDIS

Three different groups of fonts are supplied with GIDIS.
e

Monospaced default GIDIS fonts that are automatically
installed.

Optional monospaced fonts that you can install.

•

Optional proportionally spaced fonts that you can install.

Because font files require disk and system resources,
only five
font
files
from the default font
family
(DG)
are loaded
automatically.
You may choose to load other monospaced and
proportionally spaced font families as needed.
The following sections describe the font families and show an
example of each.
Each font family contains several font files.
These font files contain several sizes of raster fonts and one
stroke font.

D-4

FONTS SUPPLIED WITH GIDIS

D.3.1

Default GIDIS Fonts Loaded Automatically

Five default GIDIS (DG) fonts files are automatically installed.
These fonts are monospaced,
sans serif fonts that use the DEC
Multinational Character Set.

Pro/Gidis V3.0
Figure D-1:
D.3.2

(Dgidis)

Default GIDIS Monospaced Fonts

Rest of DGIDIS Monospaced Font Files

Installing the application "Rest of DGIDIS Monospaced Font Files"
loads twelve additional font files from the default GIDIS font
family.
These files provide additional sizes of the same style
font.

D.3.3

Proportionally Spaced Fonts

You can also install several proportionally spaced fonts.
When you install the application "Hershey Sans Serif Font," you
load twelve sans serif font files that use the DEC Multinational
Character Set.

Pro/Gidis V3.0 (Dgidis)
Figure D-2:

Hershey Sans Serif Font

D-5

FONTS SUPPLIED WITH GIDIS

When you install the application "Hershey Serif Font,"
you
load
twelve
serif font files that use the DEC Multinational Character
Set.

Pro/G idis V3. 0 (Uherser)
Figure D-3:

Hershey Serif Font

When you install the application "Hershey Italicized Serif Font,"
you load twelve
italicized serif font files that use the ASCII
Character Set.

Pro/Gidis V3. 0 (Uherser)
Figure D-4:

Hershey Italicized Serif Font

When you install the application "Hershey Script Font," you
seven script font files that use the ASCII Character Set.

:P~I~~ V-3.
Figure D-5:

o (U~)

Hershey Script Font

D-6

load

FONTS SUPPLIED WITH GIDIS
When you install the application "Hershey Gothic Font," you
five gothic font files that use the ASCII Character Set.

Figure D-6:
D.4

load

Hershey Gothic Font

EDITING .FDF FILES

If you want to save resources, you can delete individual font
files
from
.FDF files.
For example, if you do not need certain
sizes or do not need a stroke font, you can delete them from your
.FDF files.

D-7

.APPENDIX E
AND COLOR ON THE PLOTTER

This appendix provides information on how the Hewlett-Packard
HP7470A
and
HP7475A
Plotters
process GIDIS
instructions
differently from other supported devices.
If an
instruction is
not mentioned, it performs as described in Chapter 4.

E. i

TEXTU

The plotter cannot handle bit patterned textures.
Instead,
area
textures used
for
fill
are mapped
to a special set of hatch
patterns.
The mapping depends on the
arguments
supplied with
SET_AREA_TEXTURE.
There are three cases:
•

Where alphabet = -1 and char-index = 0, the plotter draws
horizontal hatch lines about .04 inches apart using the
current linestyle.

Where alphabet = 0 through 15 and char-index
draws a true solid fill.

•

Where alphabet = 0 through 15 and char-index is greater than
0, the plotter draws one of the hatch patterns shown in Table
E-1.

E-1

the plotter

AREA TEXTURE

Table E-1:

Hatch Patterns for Char-Index 1 to 48

Solid Lines

Dashes

Long Dashes

Long/Short
Dashes

25 plus sign

37 plus sign

Line Separation .06 inches
1 plus sign

plus sign

2 slash

14 slash

26 slash

38 slash

3 horiz. line

15 horiz. line

27 horiz. line

39 horiz. line

4 backslash

16 backslash

28 backslash

40 backslash

5 vert. line

17 vert. line

29 vert. line

41 vert. line

6 x

18 x

30 x

Line Separation .11 inches
7 plus sign

19 plus sign

31 plus sign

43 plus sign

8 slash

20 slash

32 slash

44 slash

9 horiz. line

21 horiz. line

33 horiz. line

45 horiz. line

10 backslash

22 backslash

34 backslash

46 backslash

11 vert. line

23 vert. line

35 vert. line

47 vert. line

12 x

36 x

48 x

The entire hatch pattern set repeats with codes
The basic 12 patterns are shown in Figure E-1.

E-2

through

96.

AREA TEXTURE

1. ,.
·•
·•
,.
I'

9 _ __

Figure E-1:
E.2

Hatch Patterns 1 through 12

COLORS

You control the colors in a picture by placing pens in the
carousel as desired.
You can set up any pens you like.
However,
the recommended setting for the 6-pen plotter is:
Pen 1 - Red
Pen 2 - Green
Pen 3 - Blue
Pen 4 - Yellow
Pen 5 - Cyan
Pen 6 - Black
Because you control
SET - COLOR_MAP - ENTRY.
follows:
Color
Color
Color
Color
Color

0
1/5/7
2/6
3
4

the
The

colors,
Plotter
GIDIS
ignores
2-pen plotter handles colors as

background (no pen)
left pen
right pen
left pen slowed down
right pen slowed down

E-3

COLORS

The 6-pen plotter handles colors as follows:
Color
Color
Color
Color
Color
Color
Color
Color

0
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

background (no pen)
Pen 1
Pen 2
Pen 3
Pen 4
Pen l slowed down slightly
Pen 5
Pen 6

E-4

APPENDIX F
QUEUE 1/0 INTERFACE TO PRO/GIDIS FOR P/OS

Earlier versions of PRO/GIDIS used the P/OS Terminal Driver to
access Video GIDIS through Queue I/O Request (QIO) and Queue I/O
Request and Wait
(QIOW)
system directives.
This
appendix
contains descriptions of the directive formats.
QIO error
messages are listed at the end of each description.
Figure F-1 depicts the instruction
between your program and PRO/GIDIS.

and

parameter

data

path

You can use PRO/GIDIS from MACR0-11 or any supported Tool Kit
high-level language that supports external MACR0-11 routines.
The recommended method is to write callable MACR0-11 routines
that issue QIO and QIOW directives. Tool Kit FORTRAN-77 provides
its own callable QIO and WTQIO routines in SYSLIB.
For information on calling a MACR0-11 routine from one of the
Tool Kit high-level languages,
refer to the documentation for
your programming language.

F.1

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

PRO/GIDIS instructions are sent to the graphics device with a QIO
system directive that specifies the Write Special Data (IO.WSD)
I/0 function code.
For
low-overhead,
high-speed,
device
interaction,
a number of PRO/GIDIS instructions can be passed to
the graphics device at one time.
Status information returns with
the Read Special Data (IO.RSD) I/O function call.
P/OS transfers
the instruction data to and from the graphics device according to
the request priority and device availability.
Programs that use PRO/GIDIS also can use the Professional VT102
terminal emulator.
Normal QIO directives (IO.WLB, IO.WVB, and so
forth) are passed to the VT102 emulator.
For more information,
refer to the description of the Terminal Driver in the P/05
System Reference Manual.
F-1

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

:
:

User
Application
Program

Call QIO IO.WSD
Call QIO IO.RSD
:
:

.,.

Instruc.
Data
Block

--------Report
Buffer

•
Professional
Operating
System (P/OS)

I/O Queue

•
Terminal
Driver

Terminal
Driver
~WLB

IO.WSD ... SD.GDS
PRO/GIDIS
Interpreter

Video
Display

~ VT102
[Emulator

IO.RSD ... SD.GDS

GIDIS Instructions
and Data

Keyboard

F\_ _\
lnl + + I
\

Figure F-1:

and variants

.............
... ..
.. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. ..

_______/

PRO/GIDIS Data Path

On a single-plane system, both GIDIS and the VT102 emulator draw
on the same plane and overwrite each other's data.
On a
three-plane system, the VT102 emulator only draws on plane three.
F-2

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
Thus,
if PRO/GIDIS modifies only planes one and two, there will
be minimal
interference.
The
SET_PLANE_MASK
instruction
specifies which planes PRO/GIDIS can modify.
The VT102 emulator scrolls all three planes when the scrolling
region is set to the entire screen. Any graphics information in
any plane scrolls with the text.
If the scrolling region is
smaller than the entire screen, the VT102 emulator redraws the
characters in their new positions.
This does not scroll or
otherwise affect graphics information in planes one and two but
it erases graphics information in plane three.
You can send an RIS (Reset to Initial State
<ESC>c) escape
sequence to the VT102 emulator in order to reset both the VT102
emulator and PRO/GIDIS to their initial states.
PRO/GIDIS
immediately performs an "INITIALIZE -1" instruction, clears the
bitmap, and expects an opcode as the next word
in
the
instruction/data stream.
Thus, you can use RIS to ensure that
your program and PRO/GIDIS are "in synch" when your program
starts up.
You cannot use it arbitrarily in the middle of
picture generation because of the global initialization effect.
The QIO and QIOW directives are described in detail in the P/OS
System Reference Manual. The examples in this appendix show the
$S forms for clarity. The $C and $ forms can be used as well.
IO.WSD and IO.RSD are resolved in the normal manner for system
symbols: the Application Builder gets them from module QIOSYM in
SYSLIB.OLB. This works correctly in MACR0-11 but may not work
with
languages that have symbol naming restrictions.
For
example, FORTRAN-77 does not permit periods in symbol names.

F.1.1

Write Special Data (10.WSD)

The write-special-data QIO function directs
one
or
more
instructions to PRO/GIDIS. The instructions and their associated
parameter values are passed in a buffer that must have an even
address.
The MACR0-11 format for the Write Special Data QIO (or QIOW) call
is shown below.

NOTE
The punctuation marks and the items in bold are
mandatory; nonbold items are optional.
Items in
uppercase letters must be used exactly as shown.
Items in lowercase letters must be replaced as
described.
F-3

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

QIOW$S #10.WSD,LUN,efn,pri,isb,ast,<buffer,length,,#SD.GDS>

LUN

Is a logical unit number assigned to the terminal.

efn

Is an event flag number (required
wait form QIOW).

pri

Is the priority (ignored but must be present).

isb

Is the address of the I/O status block.

ast

Is the address of the AST service routine entry point.

with

the

containing

synchronous

buffer

Is the address of the buffer
instructions and parameters.

length

Is the length of the PRO/GIDIS instruction/parameter
buffer (specified as an even number of bytes in the range
2 to 8128).

SD.GDS

Is a data type parameter that indicates PRO/GIDIS output.

The QIO system directive returns status in a
variable called $DSW.
Some possible values are:

rs.sue
IE. ILU
IE.IEF

PRO/GI DIS

special

global

Successful completion
Invalid logical unit number
Invalid event flag number

For a full list of error codes,
refer to the QIO directive
description and the terminal driver section of the P/OS System
Reference Manual.
When the QIO directive is successful, it can return the following
status codes in the I/O status block.

ro.suc
IS.PND
IE.ABO
IE.DNR

F.1.2

Successful completion
I/0 request pending
Operation aborted
Device not ready

Read Special Data (10.RSD)

The read-special-data QIO function reads reports placed in the
report
queue
by
the
following
PRO/GIDIS report-request
instructions:

F-4

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE
o

REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

REQUEST_STATUS

REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD

These instructions are detailed in Chapter 6.
The MACR0-11 format for the Read Special Data QIO or QIOW call is
shown below.

NOTE
The punctuation marks and the items in bold are
mandatory.
Nonbold items are optional.
Items in
uppercase letters must be used exactly as shown.
Items in lowercase letters must be replaced as
described.

QIOW$S #IO.RSD,LUN,efn,pri,isb,ast,<buffer,length,,#SD.GDS>

LUN

Is a logical unit number assigned to the terminal.

efn

Is an event flag number (required
wait form QIOW).

pri

Is the priority (ignored but must be present).

isb

Is the address of the I/O status block.

ast

Is the address of the AST service routine entry point.

with

the

synchronous

buffer

Is the address of the buffer to contain PRO/GIDIS
data.

length

Is the length of the PRO/GIDIS report buffer
(specified
as an even number of bytes in the range 2 to 8128).

SD.GOS

Is a data type parameter that indicates PRO/GIDIS output.

report

If there is no data available, the QIO waits until enough data to
fill
the buffer becomes available.
During this wait, no IO.WSD
(write special data) is performed, even if the no-wait form was
used.
To avoid deadlock,
the preferred method is to issue a
QIO$W for the exact number of bytes expected after the
request
instruction is sent to PRO/GIDIS.

F-5

THE PRO/GIDIS INTERFACE

The QIO system directive
returns status in a
variable called $DSW.
Some possible values are:

Is.sue

special

global

Successful completion
Invalid logical unit number
Invalid event flag number

IE.ILU
IE.IEF

Io.sue

Successful completion
I/O request pending
Operation aborted
Device not ready

IS.PND
IE.ABO
IE.DNR

F.2

PRO/GIDIS INSTRUCTION SYNTAX

The instructions syntax remains the same whether GIDCAL or QIO
See Chapter 3
system directives are used to access PRO/GIDIS.
for details.

F.3

SAMPLE MACR0-11 PROGRAM

IOSB:
OBUF:
RBUF:

.BLKW
.BYTE
. BLKW

2.
0 • I 55 •
3.

;Length=O REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION

;SEND INSTRUCTION TO PRO/GIDIS
QIOW$S #IO.WSD,#5,#1,,#IOSB, ,<#OBUF,#2,,#SD.GDS>
ERROR
; DIRECTIVE FAILED
BCS
TSTB
IOSB
ERROR
;OPERATION FAILED
BLE
;READ THE REPORT
QIOW$S #IO.RSD,#5,#1, ,#IOSB,,<#RBUF,#6,,#SD.GDS>
ERROR
;BRANCH IF DIRECTIVE FAILED
BCS
TSTB
IOSB
;BRANCH IF OPERATION FAILED
BLE
ERROR

ERROR:

NEW CONTENTS OF RBUF:
BYTE AT RBUF
2.
(LENGTH)
BYTE AT RBUF+l 1.
(CURRENT POSITION REPORT TAG)
RBUF+2:
CURRENT X POSITION
RBUF+4:
CURRENT Y POSITION
Error handling routine
F-6

SAMPLE MACR0-11 PROGRAM

F.4

SAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM

INTEGER*2
PARAMETER
INTEGER*2
INTEGER*2

SDGDS, IOWSD, IORSD, ISSUC
(SDGDS=l) I (IOWSD="5410) I (IORSD="6030) I
IOSB(2), IDS, OBUF
RBUF(3),PARLST(6)

OBUF = 55*256+0

(ISSUC=l)

!OPCODE 55=REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
!LENGTH=O

CALL GETADR(PARLST(l),OBUF)

! ADDRESS

PARLST(2)
PARLST(4)

!LENGTH=2 BYTES

2
SDGDS

CALL WTQIO(IOWSD,5,1,0,IOSB,PARLST,IDS)
IF (IDS.NE.ISSUC) GO TO 999
!DIRECTIVE FAILED
IF (IOSB(l).NE.ISSUC) GO TO 999
!I/O REQUEST FAILED
CALL GETADR(PARLST(l),RBUF)
PARLST(2) = 6

!EXPECTED LENGTH OF REPORT IN BYTES

CALL WTQIO(IORSD,5,1,0,IOSB,PARLST,IDS)
IF (IDS.NE.ISSUC) GO TO 999
!DIRECTIVE FAILED
IF (IOSB(l).NE.ISSUC) GO TO 999
!I/O REQUEST FAILED
NEW CONTENTS OF RBUF:
RBUF(l):
258
REPORT TAG = 1*256+2
1 = THE REPORT TAG AND 2 = LENGTH OF DATA FOLLOWING
RBUF(2):
CURRENT X POSITION IN GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE
RBUF(3):
CURRENT Y POSITION IN GIDIS OUTPUT SPACE
999

ERROR FOUND

F-7

APPENDIX G
GLOSSARY

The words in this glossary are used throughout this manual.
These definitions are not absolute and might differ somewhat in
other contexts.
Where possible,
the most common
computer
industry usage is the basis of the definition.
alphabet
A collection of characters.
The character indexes are
numbered 0,1, ... n-1, where n is the extent of the alphabet.
anisotropic
An uneven ratio of width to height.
In an anisotropic
coordinate space,
one unit in the X direction is not equal
in size to one unit in the Y direction.
area texture
The two-dimensional binary pattern that you select to
filled figures.

shade

aspect ratio
The ratio of the width of an object to its height.
Objects
whose aspect ratio are important in graphics include video
displays, pixels, and address spaces.
attribute
A property that tells GIDIS something about how
to do the
specified drawing operation.
For example, when you tell
GIDIS to draw a line, one of the attributes used in drawing
the line is current primary color.
bitmap
The rectangular array of pixels
(picture elements)
that
constitutes the view surface of a dot-oriented device. Also
known as a raster or frame buffer.
The Professional 350 has
a bitmap 960 pixels wide by 240 pixels high.

G-1

GLOSSARY

character
A graphic symbol,
such as a letter,
number,
or other
typewritten symbol.
In GIDIS, characters are elements in an
alphabet. A character is uniquely identified by specifying
its alphabet number and its index within the alphabet.

character cell
(See display cell or unit cell.)

clipping
Clipping means displaying only part of what is drawn.
In
GIDIS,
you can select a clipping rectangle.
What you draw
inside the rectangle is displayed; what you draw outside the
rectangle is not displayed.

color
In GIDIS the term has a double meaning.
It has its usual
"real world" meaning,
and it also means an index into the
GIDIS color map.

color map
A table whose entries contain a description of how to
generate a particular color.
In GIDIS this description is
in terms of red, green and blue intensities.
For example,
bright yellow results from a maximum intensity of red, a
maximum intensity of green, and a zero intensity of blue.

complement
The writing mode in which
colors are reversed.

the

foreground

and

background

current position
The position in relation to
characters are drawn by GIDIS.

which

lines,

arcs,

and

cursor
The marker displayed by GIDIS at the current position.

display cell
In GIDIS text processing, the display cell is that area of
the view surface in which a unit cell is drawn.
The top
left corner of the unit cell is always placed at the top
left corner of the display cell. Any portion of the display
cell not covered by the unit cell is treated as though the
unit cell is OFF for that area.
If the unit cell is larger
than the display cell, the unit cell
is clipped at the
display cell borders.

G-2

GLOSSARY

filled figure
To GIDIS, a figure is any sequence of connected lines and
arcs.
A filled figure is just a figure whose interior has
been painted with the area texture of your choice.
font family
Loosely speaking, the style in which an alphabet
for example, Courier.
font file
The collection of glyphs and attribute information
GIDIS to draw characters for a particular font.

drawn,

used

GIDIS Output Space (GOS)
The isotropic coordinate space you set up for GIDIS to use
in all drawing and report operations.
A location within GOS
maps to a location within your viewport.
global symmetry
Preservation of GIDIS Output Space relationships at the
expense
of Hardware Address Space
relationships.
For
example, assume a ten-unit distance in GIDIS output space
maps
to
7.5 hardware pixels.
With global
symmetry,
repeatedly moving ten GIDIS output space units results in a
move of seven hardware pixels, then eight hardware pixels,
then seven, and so forth.
With local symmetry,
repeatedly
moving 10 GIDIS Output Space units always results in a move
of 7 hardware pixels.
glyph
The data in a font file that tells GIDIS how to draw a
particular character.
In other words, it is the internal
representation of a character.

Hardware Address Space (HAS)
The coordinate space
(possibly anisotropic)
used by a
graphic output device.
GIDIS hides this space from your
program, and addresses the device's view surface through an
isotropic Imposed Device Space.
image
A figure as defined in Imposed Device Space.
In GIDIS
can display an image on a variety of output devices.

you

Imposed Device Space (IDS)
The isotropic coordinate space imposed on the device's view
surface.
You use IDS only to set the viewport.
All other
coordinates are in GIDIS Output Space (GOS).

G-3

GLOSSARY
isotropic
A 1:1 ratio of width to height.
In an isotropic coordinate
space one unit in the X direction is equal in size to one
unit in the Y direction.
line texture
A linear pattern used to draw lines.
Examples are solid,
dashed, dotted,
and so forth.
PRO/GIDIS enables you to
define any two-color pattern up to 16 units in length.
local symmetry
Preservation of Hardware Address Space relationships at the
expense of GIDIS Output Space relationships.
For example,
assume a ten-unit distance in GIDIS output space maps to 7.5
hardware pixels. With local symmetry, repeatedly moving 10
GIDIS Output Space units always results in a move of 7
hardware pixels.
With global symmetry, repeatedly moving
ten GIDIS output space units results in a move of seven
hardware pixels, then eight hardware pixels, then seven, and
so forth.
origin
The origin of an address space is the point [0,0].
In
PRO/GIDIS, the origin of IDS is always the upper left corner
of the device's view surface. The origin of GIDIS output
space is set by your program.

The origin of a character cell (either display cell or unit
cell)
is the point in the cell placed over the current
position. This is also the poin~ about which the cell
rotates.
picture
Once defined,
A figure as defined in GIDIS Output Space.
you can store it in a file or map it to a viewport for
display on a view surface.
pixel (picture element)
The smallest element of a view surface that can be assigned
a color or intensity.
In a single plane device, it is one
bit in the bitmap.
pixel aspect ratio
The ratio of the width of a pixel to its height. The width
is the horizontal distance between adjacent pixels, and the
height is the vertical distance.
Pixel aspect ratio is
normally expressed as two small numbers, for example, 1:2.
The pixel aspect ratio on the Professional 350 monitor is
2: 5.

G-4

GLOSSARY
plane

A view surface that has N bits per pixel (that is, a pixel
can be one of 2**N colors) is said to have N planes. A
plane is a slice of a bitmap that contains one bit for each
pixel.
primary color
The color index used to draw on-bits in area textures, line
textures, and glyphs. GIDIS enables you to set the current
primary color.
rubber band
A rubber band is a marker that shows the current position
relative to a point of your choice, called the origin.
There are two types of rubber bands available in PRO/GIDIS:
the rubber band line and the rubber band rectangle. The
line stretches from the rubber band origin to the current
position.
The rectangle has one corner at the rubber band
origin and the opposite corner at the current position. The
rectangle will degenerate to a line or point if the current
position and rubber band origin are the same in one or both
coordinates.
secondary color
The color index that indicates the absence of the drawing
color. Thus its main function is to serve as the background
color of a picture. In replace mode, it is also used to
draw off-bits in area textures, line textures, and glyphs.
GIDIS enables you to set the current secondary color.
standard display size
The standard display size is normally equal to the standard
unit size.
However, for alphabet 0 the standard display
size is slightly smaller (horizontally) than the standard
unit size.
This is for increased compatibility with the
VT125.

standard unit size
The size in GIDIS Output Space of a character such that 80
characters would fit horizontally and 24 characters would
fit vertically, when IDS width/height is 8/5.
stroke device
A device whose view surface is written to with pen strokes,
in contrast to a bitmap device, whose surface is written to
with a sequence of dots.
text rendition
The variations of character appearance.
balding and italics are renditions.

G-5

For

example,

GLOSSARY

unit cell
In GIDIS, a character is viewed as a rectangular field of ON
and OFF bits.
ON bits form a character pattern; OFF bits
form the background.

viewport
A rectangle within Imposed Device Space.
You place
rectangle where you want the image to be displayed.

this

view surface
The part of the device upon which drawing can occur.
For
example,
the screen is the view surface of the Professional
Video monitor.

viewing transformation
The process of mapping graphic data
space to display coordinate space.

from

user

coordinate

window
A rectangle you define within GIDIS Output Space to
which part of your picture to map to a viewport.

G-6

control

INDEX

Absolute position
in GIDIS instructions, 2-12
Addressing
controlling with
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
2-10
Alphabet
and REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD, 6-49
current, 2-22
definition, 2-22, G-1
in relation to font, 2-22
number available, 2-22
reset state, 6-39
selecting current with
SET_ALPHABET, 2-22
Alphabet and font instructions
summary of, 2-24
Anisotropic
definition, G-1
Application management
instructions
definition of, 2-9
ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION, 2-10
FLUSH_BUFFER, 2-10
SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION, 2-10
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP, 2-11
SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION,
2-10
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION,
2-10
SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT, 2-10
used interactively, 2-9
Arcs
drawing, 6-14, 6-23
Area cell size
setting, 6-59
Area texture
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
definition, G-1
reset state, 6-39

setting, 6-61
taken from line texture, 6-61
Area texture size
setting, 6-63
Argument list
counted, 3-2
length byte in, 3-2
uncounted, 3-2
Argument word(s)
fixed number of, 3-1
format of, 3-1
variable number of, 3-1
Aspect ratio
definition, G-1
Associated documents, xi
Attribute
definition, G-1
Back-slant
character rendition, 2-20
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER
aborted by initialization, 6-36
reference description, 6-2
used to define glyphs, 2-23
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE
aborted by initialization, 6-36
drawing instruction, 2-13
reference description, 6-7
Bitmap
definition, G-1
Bold
character rendition, 2-20
Cartesian coordinate space, 2-8
Cell display size
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
reset state, 6-39
Cell movement
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97

Index-1

INDEX
reset state, 6-39
Cell oblique
reset state, 6-39
Cell rendition
reset state, 6-39
Cell rotation
reset state, 6-39
Cell unit size
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
reset state, 6-39
Centerpoint
of arcs, 2-12
CGL
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-2
Character
definition, G-2
Character cell
changing the shape of, 2-20
definition, 2-17, G-2
display cell size, 2-17
renditions available, 2-20
rotating, 2-17
shape of, 2-20
types of, 2-17
unit cell size, 2-17
Character cell rendition
specifying with
SET_CELL_RENDITION, 2-20
Character rotation
and REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD, 6-49
Clipping
area texture cell, 2-17
definition, 2-3, G-2
Clipping rectangle
changing the size of, 2-8, 2-10
reasons to change the size of,
2-10
size of, 2-10
Clipping region
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
erasing, 6-33
setting, 6-89
Color

definition, G-2
Color map
definition, G-2
interaction with plane mask,
6-104
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-78
values, 6-79
Complement
defintion, G-2
Complement mode
effect on filled figure, 6-8
effect on lines, 6-19, 6-26
effect on pixel size, 6-103
Complement negate mode
effect on filled figure, 6-8
effect on lines, 6-19, 6-26
CORE Graphics Library
see CGL
CREATE_ALPHABET
and dynamically created fonts,
2-23
disadvantages of, 2-23
in uncounted argument list, 3-1
options with, 2-23
reference description, 6-11
storing fonts created with,
2-23
Current position
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
after DRAW_ARCS, 6-14
after DRAW_REL_ARCS, 6-23
changing as a result of drawing
instruction, 2-12
changing with SET_POSITION,
2-12
changing with
SET_RELATIVE_POSITION, 2-12
definition, 2-12, G-2
marking with cursor, 2-10
marking with rubber band, 2-10
options in updating, 2-17
reporting, 6-51
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-106, 6-108
updating of, 2-12
Cursor

Index-2

INDEX

affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
definition, G-2
rendition, 2-10
reset state, 6-39
selecting built-in, 6-92
setting, 6-91
used to mark the current
position, 2 -10
Curve attributes
setting, 2-·16

reference descri

ion, 6-14

DRAW_CHARACTERS
and END_LIST, 6-30
and
ITION,
6-51
drawing instruction, 2-13
in uncounted a
list, 3-1
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
reference descri
ion, 6-17

DRAW_LINES
and END_LIST, 6-30
drawing instruction, 2-12
in uncounted ar
list, 3-1
reference descri
ion, 6-19
DRA.W_PACKED __CHARAC'I'ERS

and END_LIST, 6-30
drawing ASCII strings with,
2-13
drawing instruction, 2-13
in uncounted ar
list, 3-1
invalid in filled ~igure, 6-7
reference description, 6-21
DRAW_REL_ARCS
and END_LIST, 6-30
drawing instruction, 2-12
in uncounted argument list, 3-1
reference descri
ion, 6-23

Device's view surface
how to describe, 2-8
origin of, 2-8
Devtype 0
Disk file, 4-7

Devtype 1
LA 50, 4-8
Devtype 2
LQP02, 4-8

Devtype 3
LA100, 4-8

Devtype 4

DRAW_REL_LINES

HP7470, 4-8
HP7475, 4-8
LVP16, 4-8
Devtype 5
other, 4-9
Devtype 6
Professional video, 4-9
Devtype 7
LN03, 4-9
Devtype 8
Palette, 4-9
Disk file
Devtype 0, 4-7
Display cell
definition, G-2
reporting, 6-49
Display cell size
definition of, 2-17

DRAW_ARCS
and END_LIST, 6-30
and REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION,
6-51
drawing instruction, 2-12
in uncounted argument list, 3-1

and END_LIST, 6-30
drawing instruction, 2-12
in uncounted ar
list, 3-1
reference description, 6-25
Drawing arcs
in a series, 2-12
individually, 2-12
relationship of
int and
current position, 2-12
specifying centerpoint of, 2-12
with DRAW_ARCS, 2-12
with DRAW_REL __ARCS, 2--12
Drawing Attributes
classes of attributes, 2- 4
default values, 2-14
role of, 2-14
Drawing characters
drawing characters in
succession, 2-13
rendition of, 2-13
role of S
in, 2-13
selecting a current al
t,
2-13

Index-3

INDEX
selecting the character you
want to draw, 2-13
with DRAW_CHARACTERS, 2-13
with DRAW_PACKED_CHARACTERS,
2-13
Drawing filled figures
and END_FILLED_FIGURE, 2-13
order of drawing instructions,
2-13
Drawing filled figuresand
BEGIN_FILLED_FIGURE, 2-13
Drawing instructions
function of, 2-12
summary of, 2-13
Drawing lines
in a series, 2-12
individually, 2-12
relationship of endpoint and
current position, 2-12
setting thickness of, 2-16
with DRAW_LINES, 2-12
with DRAW_REL_LINES, 2-12
$DSW variable
values of, F-4, F-6
END_DEFINE_CHARACTER
reference description, 6-28
used with
BEGIN_DEFINE_CHARACTER,
2-23
END_FILLED FIGURE
drawing instruction, 2-13
reference description, 6-29
END_LIST
and DRAW_ARCS, 6-14
and DRAW_LINES, 6-19
and DRAW_REL_ARCS, 6-23
and DRAW_REL_LINES, 6-25
function of, 3-2
reference description, 6-30
END_PICTURE
reference description, 6-31
Endpoint
of lines, 2-12
ERASE_CLIPPING_REGION
reference description, 6-33
used to clear space within
viewport, 2-10
Error
in instruction stream, 3-3

Family name
see font
.FDF files
description of, D-1
fields in, D-1
format of, D-1
Filled figure
and DRAW_LINES, 6-19
and DRAW_REL_LINES, 6-26
defining, 6-7
definition, G-3
effect on DRAW_ARCS, 6-14
effect on DRAW_REL_ARCS, 6-23
ending, 6-29
Filled figure attributes
setting, 2-16
Filled figure table
definition of, 2-13
FLUSH_BUFFER
and END_PICTURE, 6-31
reference description, 6-34
used to control user input,
2-10
Font
definition, 2-22
family name, 2-22
in relation to alphabet, 2-22
Font family
definition, G-3
Font file
definition, G-3
header format, C-1
location of glyphs in, C-3
order of data, C-1
pointer table format, C-2
required format, C-1
Font files
creating, 2-22
directory of, D-1
managing, D-1
storing, 2-22
table of available fonts, D-1
Font server
spawned at boot time, D-1
Fonts
attributes, D-4
building with CREATE_ALPHABET,
2-22
building with LOAD_BY_NAME,
2-22
how to build, 2-22

Index-4

INDEX
naming conventions, D-3
necessity of more than one,
2-22
number available, 2-22
stored in font files, 2-22
FORTRAN sample proqram
RT-11, 5-13
FORTRAN-77
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
3-2
sample program, 4-15, F-7
symbol name restrictions, F-3
use of with PRO/GIDIS, F-1
GI CLOS
arguments for, 4-5
description of, 4-5
GICLOS RT-11
arguments for, 5-5
description of, 5-5
GIDCAL
see GIDIS Call Interface
GIDIS attributes
and SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
and SET_OUTPUT_IDS, 6-95
GIDIS Call Interface
accessing routines, 4-2
advantages of, 1-2
devices accessed by, 4-7
driver-specific instructions,
4-11
errors, 4-12
GICLOS, 4-1
GIFONT, 4-1
GIOPEN, 4-1
GIPLAY, 4-1
GIREAD, 4-1
GIWRIT, 4-1
maintain multiple connections,
4-2
routines, 4-1
status code returned, 4-2
using, 4-2
GIDIS Call Interface RT-11
errors, 5-5
GICLOS, 5-2
GIOPEN, 5-2
GIREAD, 5-2
GIWRIT, 5-2
interface errors, 5-6

MACR0-11 interface
data path, 5-10
operating system errors, 5-6
routines, 5-2
using, 5-2
GIDIS instructions
repeatable, 3-1
GIDIS Output Space (GOS)
address space used by drawing
instructions, 2-8
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
~eset state, 6-39
setting, 6-81
GI FONT
arguments for, 4-6
description of, 4-6
used to store CREATE_ALPHABET
fonts, 2-23
GIGI
and ReGIS, 1-2
GI OPEN
and choosing a driver, 4-3
arguments for, 4-3
description of, 4-3
device types accessed, 4-3
GIOPEN RT-11
arguments for, 5-3
description of, 5-3
GI READ
arguments for, 4-4
description of, 4-4
GIREAD RT-11
arguments for, 5-4
description of, 5-4
GIWRIT
arguments for, 4-4
description of, 4-4
GIWRIT RT-11
arguments for, 5-4
description of, 5-4
Global symmetry
and SET_REL_POSITION, 6-108
definition, G-3
Glyph
defined with
BEGIN_DEFINED_CHARACTER,
2-23
defined with
LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL, 2-23
definition, G-3

Index-5

INDEX

location in font file, C-3
GOS
see GIDIS Output Space
Hardware Address Space (HAS)
as anisotropic address space,
2-8
definition of, 2-8
HAS

definition, G-3
(Hardware Address Space)
see Hardware Address Space
Header format
for font file, C-1
HP7470
Devtype 4, 4-8
HP7475
Devtype 4, 4-8
HAS

I/O Status Block
values of, F-4, F-6
IDS
definition, G-3
IDS (Imposed Device Space)
see Imposed Device Space
Image
definition, G-3
Imposed Device Space (IDS)
as device-independent address
space, 2-8
as isotropic address space, 2-8
definition of, 2-8
reset state, 6-39
resolution of, 2-8
set by SET_OUTPUT_IDS, 2-8
setting, 6-95
setting coordinates of, 2-8
shape of, 2-8
INITIALIZE
and RIS, F-3
effect on filled figure, 6-8
reference description, 6-35
Instruction syntax
description, 3-1
Interactive control instructions
summary of, 2-11
IO.RSD function code
format, F-5
in QIO, F-1
use of, F-4, F-6
IO.WLB function code

and VT102 Emulator, F-1
I00WSD function code
format, F-4
in QIO, F-1
use of, F-3, F-4
IOoWVB function code
and VT102 Emulator, F-1
Isotropic
definition, G-4
Italics
character rendition, 2-20

LA 50
Devtype 1, 4-8
LA100
Devtype 3, 4-8
LB:[ZZFONT]
font file directory, D-1
Length byte
in argument list, 3-2
Line
drawing, 6-19, 6-25
Line attributes
setting, 2-16
Line texture
affected by
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
6-84
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
definition, G-4
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-86

LN03
Devtype 7, 4--9
LOAD_BY_NAME
formats of, 2-23
in uncounted argument list, 3-1
LOAD_BY_NAME(1)
reference description, 6-40
uses of, 2-23
LOAD_BY_NAME(2)
reference description, 6-42
uses of, 2-23
LOAD_CHARACTER_CELL
in uncounted argument list, 3-1
reference description, 6-43
used to define glyphs, 2-23
Local symmetry
definition, G-4
LQP02

Index-6

INDEX
Dev type 2, 4-8
LVP16
Dev type 4 I 4-8
MACR0-11
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
3-2
sample program, 4-14, F-6
use of with PRO/GIDIS, F-1
MACR0-11 interface
with RT-11, 5-10
MACR0-11 sample program
RT-11, 5-12
Mapping
window to viewport, 2-3
NAPLPS
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-2
NEW_PICTURE
reference description, 6-45
use of, 6-45
NOP
reference description, 6-46
Opcode
function of, 3-1
Opcode word
format, 3-1
Orientation of character
definition of, 2-19
determined by angle specified,
2-19
specified by SET_CELL_ROTATION,
2-19
Origin
definition, G-4
of device's view surface, 2-8
Other
Devtype 5, 4-9
Palette
Devtype 8, 4-9
errors, 4-10
PASCAL
PRO/GIDIS instruction names in,
3-2
Picture
definition, G-4
Picture management instructions
function of, 2-6
summary of, 2-9

Pixel
definition, G-4
Pixel aspect ratio
definition, G-4
Pixel size
setting, 6-102
Plane
definition, G-5
Plane mask
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-104
Plotter GIDIS
area texture, E-1
color with, E-3
hatch patterns used with, E-2
loading pens with, E-3
2-pen plotter, E-3
6-pen plotter, E-3
Pointer table format
for font file, C-2
Primary color
definition, G-5
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-107
PRINT_SCREEN
reference description, 6-47
used to print portion of video
bitmap, 2-11
PRO/Document VDM
relationship to GIDIS, 1-3
PRO/GIDIS
as foreground job under XM
monitor, 5-1
conceptual framework of, 2-1
definition of, 1-1
devices supported with P/OS,
1-2
devices supported with RT-11,
1-2
interface, 1-3
relationship to other P/OS
graphic tools, 1-2
RT-11
files required, 5-1
FORTRAN interface, 5-1
GIDIS Call Interface, 5-1
interfaces, 5-1
MACR0-11 interface, 5-1
Professional INTERFACE (PI)
handler, 5-1
starting, 5-1

Index-7

INDEX
sample output, 1-1
use of fallbacks, 1-2
uses of, 1-1
when to use, 1-4
PRO/GIDIS attributes
summary of, 2-20
PRO/GIDIS instruction
definition of, 3-1
PRO/GIDIS instruction summary
in alphabetical order, A-5
in opcode order, A-1
PRO/GIDIS RT-11
FORTRAN interface, 5-13
MACR0-11 interface, 5-10
Professional video
Devtype 6, 4-9
Proportional text
character rendition, 2-20
QIO
access to PRO/GIDIS, F-1, F-7
expansion forms, F-3
FORTRAN-77 routine, F-1
QIOW
see QIO
Queue I/0 Request
see QIO
Read Special Data
see IO.RSD
ReGIS
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-2
when to use, 1-4
Relative position
in GIDIS instructions, 2-12
Remote Graphics Instruction Set
see ReGIS
Rendition
available for character cells,
2-20
Report instructions
function of, 2-25
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION, 2-25
REQUEST_STATUS, 2-25
summary of, 2-25
Report tags, A-8
Reports
how to read, 2-25
why use, 2-25
REQUEST_CELL_STANDARD
and IO.RSD, F-5

reference description, 6-49
REQUEST_CURRENT_POSITION
and IO.RSD, F-5
reference description, 6-51
uses of, 2-25
REQUEST_OUTPUT_SIZE
reference description, 6-52
REQUEST_STATUS
and IO.RSD, F-5
cost of, 2-25
reference description, 6-54
uses of, 2-25
REQUEST_VERSION_NUMBER
reference description, 6-55
Reset to Initial State (RIS)
use of, F-3
RIS {Reset) escape sequence
use of, F-3
RT-11
requirements for using
PRO/GIDIS, 5-1
Rubber band
definition, G-5
rendition, 2-10
used to mark the current
position, 2-10
Scaling pictures
with SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE,
2-10
Screen
printing, 6-47
SCROLL_CLIPPING_REGION
reference description, 6-56
used to clear space within
clipping rectangle, 2-10
Scrolling
by VT102 Emulator, F-3
SD.GDS parameter
use of, F-4, F-5
Secondary color
definition, G-5
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-109
Secondary color and NEW_PICTURE,
6-45
SET_ALPHABET
reference description, 6-58
used to select current alphabet,
2-22
SET_AREA_CELL_SIZE

Index-8

INDEX
reference description, 6-59
used to clip area texture cell,
2-17
SET_AREA_TEXTURE
effect on area cell size, 6-59
reference description, 6-61
size limitation in, 2-17
used to set fill pattern, 2-16
SET_AREA_TEXTURE_SIZE
reference description, 6-63
used to scale fill character,
2-17
SET_CELL_DISPLAY_SIZE
reference description, 6-64
SET_CELL_EXPLICIT_MOVEMENT
reference description, 6-67
used in updating the current
position, 2-17
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE
reference description, 6-69
used in updating the current
position, 2-17
used to specify symmetry, 2-19
SET_CELL_OBLIQUE
reference description, 6-71
used for changing the character
cell shape, 2-20
SET_CELL_RENDITION
reference description, 6~73
specifying, 2-20
SET_CELL_ROTATION
reference description, 6-75
SET_CELL_UNIT_SIZE
reference description, 6-76
SET_COLOR_MAP_ENTRY
reference description, 6-78
SET_GIDIS_OUTPUT_SPACE
function of, 2-8
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
reference description, 6-81
used to display a part of a
picture, 2-10
used to scale pictures, 2-10
SET_LINE_TEXTURE
reference description, 6-86
with line and curve attributes,
2-16
SET_OUTPUT_BITMAP
reference description, 6-88
used to create up to four
picture, 2-11

SET_OUTPUT_CLIPPING_REGION
function of, 2-8
reference description, 6-89
set by SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT,
2-10
uses of, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR
reference description, 6-91
used to select cursor, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_CURSOR_RENDITION
reference description, 6-94
specifies cursor/rubber band
rendition, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_IDS
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
other functions performed by,
2-8
reference description, 6-95
setting clipping rectangle with,
2-8
setting GIDIS Output Space
(GOS) with, 2-8
setting viewport with, 2-8
used to set Imposed Device
Space, 2-8
SET_OUTPUT_RUBBER_BAND
reference description, 6-98
used to select rubberband, 2-10
SET_OUTPUT_VIEWPORT
function of, 2-8
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
reference description, 6-100
used to specify size and
location of viewport, 2-10
SET_PIXEL_SIZE, 2-16
reference description, 6-102
SET_PLANE_MASK, 2-15
and VT102 Emulator, F-3
reference description, 6-104
SET_POSITION
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
reference description, 6-106
SET_PRIMARY_COLOR, 2-15
reference description, 6-107
SET_REL_POSITION
invalid in filled figure, 6-7
reference description, 6-108
SET_SECOND.ARY_COLOR, 2-15
reference description, 6-109
SET_WRITING_MODE, 2-15
reference description, 6-111

Index-9

INDEX

Spacing between characters
explanation of, 2-17
.SPFUN 370
checking errors with, 5-11
function of, 5-11
structure of, 5-11
.SPFUN 371
checking errors with, 5-11
function of, 5-11
structure of, 5-11
.SPFUN programmed request
with RT-11 MACR0-11 interface,
5-10
Standard display size
definition, G-5
Standard unit size
definition, G-5
Status
in error condition, 3-3
reporting, 6-54
Stroke device
definition, G-5
Symmetry
global
definition, 2-19
local
definition, 2-19
specifying with
SET_CELL_MOVEMENT_MODE,
2-19
Syntax errors
how GIDIS handles, 3-3
insufficient arguments, 3-3
too many arguments, 3-3
SYSLIB
as source of QIO routine, F-1
module QIOSYM, F-3
TEK 4014
relationship to PRO/GIDIS, 1-3
Terminal emulation
and ReGIS, 1-2
Terminal emulator
see VTlOO mode emulator
see VT102 Emulator
see VT200 mode emulator
Text attributes
determining rendition of drawn
characters, 2-13
function of, 2-17
Text rendition

definition, G-5
Texture cell
changing the size of, 2-17
Unit cell
definition, G-6
reporting, 6-49
Unit cell size
definition of, 2-17
View surf ace
and NEW_PICTURE, 6-45
definition, G-6
Viewing transformation
definition, G-6
Viewport
affected by SET_OUTPUT_IDS,
6-97
changing the location of, 2-8
changing the size of, 2-8
definition, G-6
definition of, 2-3
reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-100
VT100 mode emulator
use of, 1-4
use of planes, 6-104
VT102 Emulator
interaction with PRO/GIDIS, F-2,
F-3
use of with PRO/GIDIS, F-1
VT200 mode emulator
use of, 1-4
Window
clipping of, 2-3
definition, G-6
definition of, 2-3
window, G-6
Write Special Data
see IO.WSD
Writing attributes
and drawing characters, 2-14
and drawing lines and arcs,
2-14
and filling figures, 2-14
definition of, 2-14
plane mask, 2-15
primary color, 2-15
relationship to bit patterns,
2-14

Index-10

INDEX
secondary color, 2-15
writing mode, 2-15
Writinq mode
default, 2-15
function of, 2-15

reset state, 6-39
setting, 6-111
setting with SET_WRITING_MODE,
2-15

Index-11

PRO/GIDIS Manual
AA-HJ45A-TK

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