Digital PDFs

EK-PCRTI-TM

May 1985

187 pages

Original

209MB

Document:	Professional 300 Series Real-Time Interface Technical Manual
Order Number:	EK-PCRTI-TM
Revision:	0
Pages:	187
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/pro3xx/EK-PCRTI-TM_Professional_300_Series_Real-Time_Interface_Technical_Manual_1985.pdf

OCR Text

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x~•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
·~········
·········~········~•••x~•
··················· •••••••••••••••••••
•••••
••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
······
··············~·-·
···················
•••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
··················~
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••• ··················
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•s•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
••
•••••••••••••••••••·····
················~·
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••x•••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••

•••••••••
•••••••
•••••
•••
•

XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXkXX X

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx~x xxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX X

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxwxxxxxxxxx~xxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx

Analog

•a

....
I

TIM' PC3XX-AA module, whe11 uNd with lhe Berl ·tl3.
11-03. and
C"l2-03 ca
and a Cl
8 JM'ripheral deviee, llu hlen tertifa.d to tomply ith the limi (or a Cla
8 to111puth• CW\"itt, punuant
rt J of Part 15 or FCC Ru . 7
r ted in a
C
B H,·ironme t, •ly periplwral ttrtifa.d to
ply with the Cl
B limit m y
1w attached to thi IIMNlule. Operatio■ ith non-ttrtifaed perip raJ i. lik I)· to lffult
in i tnft!N"ftft to radio and TV ........

The PC3XX-AB optio11 I eablt> alld eo11nector pod hu been v rifted to compl. with th•
Ii its for a Cl
A co111putilll[ •vitt, punuant to bpart J ol Part 15 or ~ Ru
Uw of thi cabt. ud connector ,od 111ay NMlt i11 i tnfn.
to radio and TV rettption
in a hom• or reside11tial envim1111Wnt.
The An lotr Data llodule hu hen t. pe tested ud I 11d to COIIIPI. with the limi for a
Cl
A tomputi. . ct.,•itt pul'IIUUt to hpart J ol Part 15 of F
ltu • which are
dnip..t to provide r a nable prottttion ...in t 1uch radio interferentt when
operated in a COfflmercial en,·iro111nent. Operation of thi
uipment in a re idential
area may cau• int rferentt.
The information in thi document i subject to than without notitt and hould not be>
con trued u a commitment by Dilrital F.quipment Corporation. Dil(ital F.quipm•nt
C.orporation ueumn no re!lpon ibility for any errors that may ap ar in thi docum nt.
The ftware dncrihed in this document is furni heel und r a licen
or t'opied only in accordanre tA·ith th• terms of such licens..

and may ht- u~

The spet'ification and dra•·in,s hnein are the property of Dil(ital EquipmHt
Corporation and shall not be reprodut'ed or used or copied in whole or in part a. the
basis for the manufadure or sale of items without ritten permi ion.
C pyril(ht © 1985 by Dil(ital F.quipment Corporation.
All RiKht R~rved .

The manu11eript for thi• hook was created usini l{enerit' rodinl( and. \·ia a tran lation
prol(ram. wa automatically typeset on DIGITAL's OEC t lntel{rated Puhli hinl(
Sy tem. Book produrtion was dont> by Educational
Puhlishinl( in Bedford, MA .

rvice

lx>velopmt>nt and

INTEL is a rel(istered tradema.rk of Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA.
The followini are trademarks or Ditcital Equipment Corporation<"fl Bl

DEC
DECmatt>
DECsystem-JO
DEC Y. TEM-20
DE<'l
D~Cwritl'r
DIB L

i~1AS Bl
PDP
PI O.
PRO/ RA IC
PRO/ Communication
Proft> ional
PRO/ FM.
PRO/ RM

rito E
PRO E PLl' '

Rainbow
RST.
R X
Tool I< ,t
l IBt·.

VAX
v ts
VT
Work Proces r

Preface
Thie 111a1..a . , .. . . . teea■.aa
-Ti

1 ti!
desc
i■t•r111ation for the Real-Time lnwrfatt
In tall ·
le
in the PC3XX-AA RPal-Tiwte hterfa.ee M
( EK-PC3AA-IN).

f
G idt1

Data
Anal
ul or t
the Real-Time Interface
Inform tion for u i
tal-Time foterface Library f P TILi
Module with the Proi · nal
ware can be found in the PCJXX-.4A &al-Time /'ftterf~e l,l0011l Ow,t r :-s
Mo11wtl (EK-PC3AA-OIU and the A1talog Data .Vod11/.e Ow11 ,·~ .Vi n11al
(EK-AD PC-OM).
Additional technical information about the
the Analo« Data Module can be found in the
prod t. The part numben are listed below.
Real-Time Interface Module
Maintenance Print Set
Analog Data Module
Maintenance Print Set

al-Time lnterfa
aintenance Prin

ule nd
f r .-· h

P-01713
MP-01985-01

Cont

,..

f)vffYiew . .... . .. . .... . ... . ... .. ...... .................. . . . .. . . . . .. .

F~t•al C-,JON•

................

.... .. ..... ... .. ....... .... ........ .
···· · · ·······--· ·--· · ------· ...

Rt-tr

....... ... . .. .. . . ..... . ..... . .. ....... .......... ..

A~ .

Mo•lle ...... . . ..... . ...... . . . ...... .. . . . .... . . ... ... . .

UNIIC

Theory
r f
.................................................
Interrupt Lotc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bue; , rf ·~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lnterru
tatu
i. ter .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
11
t :l
tI
1-1

LOCIIC

- ---- -- - -

Tll..ory o( ()ywr tioR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pro11ra,nmina,c lnfor111atien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rt-,·.-in• lluldinac Rt-,ri. t.-r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I
21
22

:?l
2:J
•'I .l : . '"w lll",ri. t t1r!.I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2-1
•'1.17 f'omm· 11d Re-,ri. t,ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21t.
lnilializinar 1h..- SI.I' .. ... . ..... . . ..... . .. . ... . . .... .. ..... .. . . ....... -C.
,ri tt"r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transmit lloldiner
SI.( •'tatui. ,rist•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tran. millintt Jlata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l)i. ahlinl( TxlU)'i lnt.-rrupt . ..... ........ ..... . . ........ . . . .. . ... . .. .
C'l"i\·i11er r>ata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
llala Param, 1.-ri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'.\lrnlt•m f'onl rul l.in,•s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

·••--

-C.
~
~

: t
:JO

LOGIC

Th,•or)· off )1wralion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :r,
:~
Hus Ch·,•r,·i,•\\' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f'onl rol Li n,•s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :r;
I lan1lshakin11 l.int•s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :49
Oatt> Lin,•s OIOI 1hro11a.th nto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
l)t•vic·,• Slah•s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lfl
It
T'.\IS !t!•I I:\ 1-'t•alur,•s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II
.\uxiliary Commancls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II
R,•:ul~- for llata llol1luff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I~
llata .\,·rt•ph'cl I lolcloff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l'rna.ti·ammina.t Inform a l ion .... . .. . . .. ....... .. . ... .. . . . . ...... ....... It
Acl,lr,•ss R1•1.dsh•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Acl1lrt•ss S1att1~ R1•1,!i sh•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.-.
Auxiliary f'omm:ancl Rt'a.tish•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lti
ll,•s,·ri1,ti11ns or Au xi liary Commands . . .. .. . .. . ... ... ... ...... .. . . I,
Commancl Pass Throut,th R1•1.!i-1h•r ... . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.~
Data-In Rt•J!b,t,•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.~•
l>ata-Out J{..J,?ist ... r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tio
I F.1-~I-: Bus !°'tat us R1•J!i,1t•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ti&
lntt>rrupt '.\la -. k R1•J!i,t1•rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ti-I
ti';'
lntt'rrupt Status H,•1,!i -11t• rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
711
Parallt•I Poll R,•J!i sti•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•·,•rial Pull R.-11istt"r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

NMU.ILUNIIC

·- - - -

TIM-ory ol (

ration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I put/
t . '
.. . .. . ... .. . ... ... ... .. . .. . . . .. . ... .. . .. .. . . . ...
Nie O t arat·teri!itws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I r r· t•r•. tws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 C arartl'ri. tw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proerr· mi111C I lorm· tiotl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Port ,ri. ters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f'ontrol ,ri:t•r................. ... . . .. ... .... ........ .. . . .. .. . .
1.- Co trol C'
:•'Mis..... .... ..... . . ........... . .. .. .........
Pon C' Bit : et: iwt C "' nds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I or
2 .............................. ...
Port r l/0 in i
I 11e of Port C' a11 a • tu •ord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O()peration ........ . ........ .... .. ...... .. .. . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . .
...,... I ()peration................. .... .. .... . .... . .. . ... . ...........
. _ I I put Ha11d aki11,r Sit(nal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mode I Input Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I Output Hand. hakin.r Si.rn~als . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• od• I Output lntt'rrupti4.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)tucl• 2 01wration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modt' 2 Input/ Output flandshakin" ~il,!nals . . . . . . . . . ....... . .... . . .
Mode 2 lntttrrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<"nmt,inations
odt's.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noh•s on Conn ..,·tinec ~xh•rnal ll.-,·it·t's for llantl:,hakinl,! .'il,!nal~ . . . . . . . .

or .

CNM'YEII I

-- - --

•LF-TEST 11011 LOGIC AND

ii
;
;~

7~
,.

,!t

1
l'II
2

2
l'i2
-42

·:J
>' I

,..;-,

M;
Mi
, •
"'
s

AGNOSTICS

Thl'ory
Opt'rat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prc-.rramminec lnlormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RO)! Oat a Rt')!istt>r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROM Adclrt'ss Rt•tdstt>r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loopbat·k C'onnt'ttor .. ... . . ................ . .. .. .. .... . .. . .. .. ..
nial,!nosti,· Oislwtte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTEll 7

;;;
;;
77

!ti
!tC
!t:t
!l:t

!t:l
!l I

THE ANALOG DATA MODULE

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ~~•
llil!h Rt•solution AnaloK ln1mts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110
~amplinK .'pt•t•cl ...... ....... ............ . . ....... ... .... ... .. ..... 1110
Tnw ()jfft'rt•ntial ln1>ut and :\uto-Znuinl! ('irt·uit . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . 100

f h·t>rvit'\\' . .. . . . .. ...... .. ....... . . . · · · · · · · · · · ·

Proir.&mn

··

·it• A tnra--.lNIK . ..... ................. .
(

Tr
Tr

..... ... ............. ............. .... .

............. .. .... . .. ... ...... ....... .. ... .
.. . ................ ... . .... .. . ..... . ..... . ... . .... .
tput ...•.•.............• • .... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · ·

IE ~ •
:\f>

•
8111!1 . .• .. ••.••••.••••••.• . • . •.••.••••.. . .••.••
I .. •••••.••••• ••• •••••••••.••••• . . •• ..•.•.••.•..••••....••
•F.f) .......... . ...................... ... . . ....... ........ .

8\\"t'l'p •-•~· j • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .••••• • •• • •••• • •. •••. .

An.alo11 t
Analt-.r I
Dit(it· I I
l>icital

............... • • • • • •. • -• • • • · · · · · • · · · · · · · · ·
··· ··· ··· ········ ·· · ·········· ·· ·····

Fu!ffl ......................... . ... . . ....... . ....... . .. .. .. ...... .
A(' In . . . ............ . ........... . ... .. .... .. . . . ..... . .. ... . ... .

()w/ ()f( . ....... . ....... . ...... .... .... .... . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

IF.•~•:- I Ru. ('onn.-c·tor .. ... ..... . ...... . . . . . . ... .. . .. ... ...... .
ti2-Pin f'omhin· tion C· hw f'onn ..rtor . . ...... . . .... . ... .. .. .
s.. rial I.in,• t·nit:,; I and 2 f'onn,•1·ror:,; .. . . ... . ...... . ... . .. . . . . .. . . to:.
.. ;-t \. olt .J.at·k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an:;
Re•:,;e•t . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1o.;
.\n:alc..c Uata ll,Nlul.- Own.. r's . anu.al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ltlti
f':ahlini f'onn ..rt ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jtlti

f'onn•rtinl! :\nalotr Dara ... . . . .. ... .... ... .. .... .. .... . .. .....

CMP'TERI

COi lft:T

1111•

ANALOG DATA

f k ·1•r\ i,•w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 i
~ll'c·tahl .. Fl'alurt>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 i
f'hannt•I s.. 1..,•tion ancl \lulti11I ..... am1,l1•s . .. . .......... .... . . ... . . .. . 11 ,

TritQtl'rinl! ~lod.-~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II!♦
1-:xtt'rnal Tri,:,:,•rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I :!II
Clut·k Tri,:,:,•rini: . ... .. .. ....... .... . ... .. . . ...... . . ............ .
Ch,Ktsinat a ('lot·k Frc•11u1•n1·y .. .. . . ........ . .. .. . . .. . .... . ......... 111
S \\"t'l'S,S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1t;,
En,lin,: Dara .\r,auisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I~
Pr,·ams,lifit•r anti .\utoranl,!in,: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l~i
l-:ff1•1·tiw .\tM•rt urt• fk•lay - .'onw ('autiuns ...... ... .......... .. .... . .. I~
Tht> r'IFO Buff,•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l~t
vi

·tMln .... . . .. ...•....................... ...... . ...... . .

,..,
The ..

1:tl

.... .... ..... . .. .. .......... . 1:1.1
1:J;J
ri

13-1
13-1

....... ..... .. .. .... tr.
. . ........... .. ...... . J••
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1: .
rrwr ' ri

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:J7

I II
lnt .. rfat·inl( ·ith th..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Anal•• a I flitrit· I I
t C"om1111a1M1 B~ tt'. arMf f'ollfftin,c r►. ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1; ,
riti
,\nalcll( Oata Form t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1!;1
Cc i11tr •••wm· t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . la2
~tat11. Ryt• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J;·1
F.rror Bits· nd •~rrM <"onclitions .......................... . ..... . 1:-► i
Oil,!ital Out1nat . o.t.. ... . . . ... . . . ... . .. . ...... . .............. .. ...... 1:-,..
Offs.-t and Gain C· lihration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t:-,a

CNAl'TEII 12

- - -

Offs.-, and c;ain Calihration ..... . . ........... .. ... . .... . .......... l:i!l
OffiWt Calihration . ... . ...... . ....... .... . ...... . .. .. .. ..... . .. J;";!t
c;ain C· lihration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ltil

f'E

OR ANCE AND ELECT

AL SPECIFICAT

a,;1 ..<'tri,·al :,,.•,·ifi :·ations ... ............ . ... . ......... .. ... . . .. .. . . .. . ltif,
.-\nalc~ r,•rforman,·.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lfl:i
.-\ / (} ('omt'rlt>r ~y,h•m . . . . . . . . .... . .. ...... . . . . .. .. .............. lfi;j
Input ~lulti1•l1•x1•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lliti
Pr1~rammah!1• c;aif' Pr.-amplifi..r .. ...... .... . ... . . .. .. . . .... .... . ... It~
iti7
.......... ........... .........
('udinl,! Format . . . . . . . . . . .
If
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bil,!ital 1•.,rformanc·
th
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
..
F ron t Pan,•I ln.,ut,
hi
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Front Pan,•1 Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii

I lo:-.t Purl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •..
kt-al -Tim., f'loc-k . ... . . .. ..... . . . ... ..... . . ... . . . ... .... . . . . .. . . . . . lti!t
y ..... . . ...... .. ........... . . .

MIi iHi II Cl 0, IVEJITS

•

fr'i,cure 1-1 : RTI 'im

ifwcl Bloc·k Hi· r·
Fi,cure 1-2: llltt"r al C
tor ...... .. .. .. .. . . . .. ... . . ... . . . . . .
fr'il(Urtt 1-:1: Pf':lXX-AB ("
· nd f'onn ..rtor P1MI . . . . . . . . . .. . ... .. . .
fr'il(Urt' 2-1 : lnt.-rru l,n1tir · n,I Hu:-- lntnf; ·••
Simplifi t Blo,·k ()i_,.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. .. .
Fi1tur.. :!-~: IRQ R lnt•rru :tatu:-; R,.atistt>r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
fr-.iiur.- :J-t: Rt•t·.. h ·.. I lcldinar Rt•1!i .. 1t·r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
fr'i,turt" :J.:I: Trnnsmit Holdilltf R..l!i •:fl•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t'ia,!ur,• :J- 1: SI.I' ."tatu. R.,rish•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
t'ia,!Urt' :;.:-,: SI.I· ~.,.,.. Ke,ristt•rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .....
Fi1tUrt' :I-ti: :tr ('umm· I Rt•l!i --1.-r . . . . . . . . . .
f,'iacur,• 1-1: lt:t:•: l.,u,tit' :im11lifit•1l Blut·li. Hial!ram
f,'it,!ur., 1-:!: IEEE- I • Rus I.in....
... .. ..
f,'it,!un• 1-:1: .\1l,lr1•ss R1•1ti-.1t•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t'il!llrt' I- I· .\delrt's Statu:-1 Rt•J!ish•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
t'il!urt• 1.:-,: :\uxiliar~· Comman,I H,·,.d ,t.-r . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f,'il!tm• I-ti. f 'om man•I Pass Th r1111~h K•·l!i-.1 ,•r
f,'ia!Urt' 1-i. I tat a-In R-,cish•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t'iacun· I- . Hara-Out lk1tist..r . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . ... .
f,'ia!Urt' 1-!t: lnt.-rfat·•• Cun1m~n1I Formal . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Fia!Urt' 1- lfl: lnt .. rfat·tt Comman,k . .. . .. .. .. ..... . .... . . . . . .
(i'it,!ur,· 1-11 : lt:t:t: Hus Statu..; R••l!i .;tt•r . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .... .
Fit,!ur.. I-It: lnt... rrupt ~la~k R..a!istt'rs o an,I 1 1WRITt: O'.\I.Y, ..... .
Fit,!ur,• 1-1:J: lnte>rrupt .'tatu, Rt•l!i,tn-. O anti I 1Rt: .\fl O~I.YI .
t'it,!urt 1-11: Parallt'I Poll Rt•l!i,tt•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t 'il!tlf"t• I-1:,: : .. rial Poll R1 •t,!i-.1t•r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Fi1!1art· :;. I : Parallt•l l.01,dc.· Rlrn·k UiaJ!ram ... . ... . . ...... .
f,'it,!urt• ;;.2: Port :\ R,•acistt'r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-'iJ!Urt' ;,.:J· Port B Rt'l!ish•r . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. ....... . .. .
Fil!Urt' ;,. 1: Port C R._.t,!is tt'r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fit,!Uft' :;.;;: f'ontrol Rt't,!i stt'r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii

I:!
J.I

.,.,

,.-,
1-;

t'ierure :;..ti: I
lJii.1...-·a .
... . . ... . ............ . .
t-.ierur.. r,-7: a.i1,1lltak
t . . . .. . ............. .
Fiactart" 6-1:
. .. . .. . .. . .... .... .. .. .
Fiiur• 6-2:
-.iin"lff
. ... .... .. .. .. .. . ......... .
Fierurtt 6-:J:
....,Tn
........................... .
t'iiur.. ,-1:
a.JlflUM" .. .............. .... . . .. .. ... . . . .
••il,fUr.. 7-2:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .
Fierurtt ,,.-1:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
••i.rur.. M-2:
·· ra .... . . ...... . .... .
FierurP Ul-1.
1:1.;
t,isru,.. 11-1:
,...,..."' ... .. . .......... 112
•• il(Urt> 11-2: Oat·
Tl .. .. ....... . . . . . ..... n1

-..11--•11• ... ...... ................ ..

TMLES
T.,hl.. 2-1 : Rus In, .. ,,.... :isrnals . .. .. . ... . .. ....... .. . . . . .. . . .... .
Tahlt• 2-:!· IRQ R lntt>rrupt !'itatus R.-acist.. r Contt>nls ... .. .. . .... . ... . . .
Tahl .. :1-1 : .'LI· R..acister ..\clclrt'sst•s ... ..... .. . .... . ..... . . ..... . .. .. . .
Status Jl..l(ish•r Oata .. ... . . ..... . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Tahlt• :J-2:
Tahl,• :t-:1: SI.I' ilodt• 1 Rt-1tist .. r Oata ..... . .. ... .. ...... . .. .. . .... .
Tahlt' :J--1:
}l4Mlt' 2 llt-l(istt>r l>ata ......... ..... .. .
Tat.I,• :c-.;: Sl.l' <'ommantl R1•,:ist1•r I lata . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Tahl,· I- i : U:t,:1-:- IN-- l..o~it· R.. a,l lt,·,:ist.-rs . .
... ...... .
Tahl1• 1-2: IF.1-:1-~- I.'!'\ IA~it· Writ .. R,•J!i-.h•rs
. . ..... . .
Tahl,• 1-:t: .\,lclrt'ss Rt-srist .. , . . . . . . . . ... .
Tahl,• 1-1: .\dtlrt•ss :tatu-. R1•J!i-.te•r llata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tah11• 1.:-,: ..\uxili· ry Comman,I R1•J!i-.tt'r Oata . . . . . . .. .

su·

Tahl,· I-fr SCl-:S and SC Bit:- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Tahlt• 1-i : lntt'rrupt )task R..,:i , tn O Data . . . . .... .... . . .
Tahlt• 1-i-1: lntt'rrupt ~la:-k R..,:i stt'r l llata ..... .. ... ... . . .
Tahl .. I-!•: I ntt'rrupt Status Rt'J!i s t.-r O . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .... .
Taltlt• 1-10: lnh•rru11t Statu,. Rt•J!i,-tt•r t . . . . . . . . . . .
T.1hli• :-, . 1· l'untrol Rt•a,dstt>r Oata ~lutlt' ('onlro l ( 'on111 ,.rn.t ..
Tahli• .-,-:!- ( 'uni rul Rt•aci-.h•r Purl ( • Bit ~t R.. , .-t f 'om ni.1nd-.
Tahlt• :-,-:( 1..ot·atiun of llan1l-.hakinl,! .' it,!nal-. i n l'nrt ( ' - \J uel .. I and '.!
Ta hl.- i•-1. :\ U\I ('loc•k Soun·.. Fr,·11u .. n,·i.. s .
Tahl,• 11 · t : Pf'i ancl Pf'ti \J.,an i !IJ!" ... .. . .
Tahlt• 11 -:!: ( 'omma ml ,; to St•t or t{, ,..,,t Pf ' ti an, I l'C·;
T., lil t• 11 -:(· ( '0 111 ma ne! Rytt-s f h ,·n ,., \
T at. I,· 11 · 1 I 'nmmand Hytt' 0

•

11:;
Tat.I,• I I .:,. f'omm· nd R~ t .. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I ·
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
Bytr
nd1
Tat.I.. I; .tt: f'omm·
.t
I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:c
..
B)·t
T.th&., 11 :;- f'ummlilnd
J;,2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Tahl.. 11 ·"· f 'o•linl( f'ornaat
T:~hl•• 11 •!t- .\ l)'.\I St· has 8~ ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:-,:1
T:ahi.. .\ · I: :\utorantrintr .' ·al.. :O.\\ih·h Point:,; . .. . . ... . ............... .. I·-;

•

••••••••••••••• •••xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxYxx•xxx

•••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
xxa•••••••••• •••••••••••••x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
•••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
.
............
,............
.........
•••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••
•••••••••••••
·············
··········~·
x••••••••••••••••••••
••••x••••••••••••••
•••••
•••••••x••••
•••••••••••z•••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
•

•
•••••
xxx•••x
•xx

xxxxxxxx•
x•xxxxx•xxx
•xx••••••••• •

•••••••••••••••

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•x
xx••xx•x•xx•x xxxxx•
xxx•xxxxxx•• •x•xxxxx•
xx•xxxxxx•xxxxx•x•xYxxx
x•xxxx••••••• ••x•xxxx•xxx
•••xxx•xxxxx •••••••••••xx• x
•xxx•xxxxx•• ••xxxxxxx••• ••x•x
x••x•••xxx••• •••••••xx•xxx xxxxx
xxxxx••••xxx x•xx••x•x•••• •••x•xx•
x•••x•x•x•xxx xx•xxxxxxxxx xxxx••x•xx
•••••••xxx•x• x•x•xxx••••• •••••xxx•xxx
••••••xxxxxx• ••••xxx•••xxx xx•xx•xxxxxx x
x•xxx••••••x• xxxxxxxxx•• •••••••••••xxx xxx
x•xxxx•x•x•x xxx••••x•x•x •xxx•x••••••• ••xxxx
············ ············ ············ ·····• xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx••xxxx•xxxxx•xxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx

l
The Real-Time
lnterface Module

Chapter 1
terfa""'e Module

The Real-Time lnterfatt odule (RTU enables a Prof: ion I:
rie. eomputer to communicate with rem,,te vicH in a ~•I-time environment. It
ron i ts of the module its.If /part number 54-15.539-0U nd an intern I eahl
t part number 17
-01 I, and i mountf'd in the ixth phy ical I ICTI Bu
Slot al at the rHr of th computer's card r-.e.
'fhe RTI contains three sttparate interfa('t>S that operate indt1pendently an I can
intt-i"rupt the Profnsional computt>r' CPU. An interrupt status rt•lli ter is
provided to identify "·hit'h interrana interrupted the CPr. The thrff int.-rfaCt-s
are:
D

St-rial-This interfatt consi ts or two a ynchronous .' rial Line
Unit that conform to the EIA RS -2:tlC/ RS-42;J standarrl. Earh is
,·ap hie of ind pendent full-duplex or half-duplex operat ion with
u~r-!W"ledable baud rate, character lenKfh, number of ,!op hits. and
parity treneration and dettttion.
IEEE-488-This interface con i11t of a byte-~rial. hit parallel hus
interface that ronforms to IEEE "'tandard 4 -197 .'tandarcl n,:t-:E4 protocol i handled automatically in talker, listen..r. or rnntroll..r
operational morll's. Every IEEE-4 device interfa<'e funl'tiun i.
implemented.

•ACE.aDUL.I

D
U\I

,
th
•u~

hHt
II·

in••

,.. ,,. hi Ii t i.. . O(lt• :! . I
h :.. four- ·ir..

a I II
Th.. R,,· 1-Tinw lntt>rf t> . urlut.. I Tl I ronsists of th.- (11ll11\\ inl! fi\ fun ·t 111 .al
('Offl

nt. :

Tht> lntt-rrupt Lotific· ami Rus Int rfa<·t-

Tht> .• rial IA«.

Th 11-:F.F. l,o,ci,·

Tht> Par:..llt>I l..ctKi<"

Tht> · lf-Tt'st RO.

Th•• fun<"tional ('ontpont>nt-: a re• summarizt•d ht•ltl\, anct sho\\n in F 11.r nr.· t -t.
RTI SintJ>lifi.,rl Blo,:k 1'i· tram .
Uc:• Lelie aM ... I le fw..t

Tht> interrupt 109,!i<' rt't't'i\"t's intt•rrupts from th,• thr .... I f I inr .. rfan•, .. n.t
transft>rs t>itht>r an IRij A or an IRQ Ii si~nal to th CTI Bu, .\ n IEEE
intt'rrupt bt-conws an IRQ A si~nal. and all uth..r i'ltnrupt-. tlt'c·onw an Ht(J B
. i~nal. Wht>n the RTI i addrt>sst>d b~· tht> err. th .. intnrupt t11t!i1· rt•,1"•nd~
\\ith tht> BRPLY . it(nal.
Tht> bus inlt>rfa<"e rt'<'t>h·e · c·ontrol itt;nal-. from tht> (ii !1u-... t r;,n-.1 .. tt·, th m.
aud transft•rs tht>m to tht> utht•r fnur funct ional c·11m,,c1nt' nt It al,u , .-n, ~ J-. , 1
hidirt'ftional hufft•r for adrlrPsse•s and rlata.
Serial LeliC

Tht> s..rial IOJ,?il· contains t,,o indt>Jwndt>nt ·••rial !i n.. unit-. t .'Lt ,1 Tht· .'I.I ~
communicatt> with rt-mot t> rlt•dc-P-. a,..-urd inl,! to EU R.' -:!:t! 1:!:l pr11t 11(1,I,
Paramett>rs and haud ratt' of t ht> , .. r ia l tiat a ,·an h.- .. , 1·1 fit•.t h , uur pr, •~r a 111
Tht> "Lt' s ~t' nt.-rat.- intnrupt~ upon eomplt't ion of t·a, h tran~rn1tt1•tl .i, ,I
rt>l'f'i\"t>rl m t'sSaJ,?e .
4

1'11111

lltO II

,fliTfltllU"
LOG1 (

11110 I

IM"lY

.....

I
I

~
... I

CO!\ITIIOL

l •'IIES

~
0

..
.

)

eus

,.. TfllJA Cf

(" QI\ITIIIJl

l0MM4 0
LOG IC

1--

.•
- - ..

..a,< O"ClO> ..

)

'>TAT U
Al I TfA

(

., .,. !'I

•Hf

..... o
AD IIE SS
LOG •'

.....

)

('l( ,.,

' A

...'

._f

"E S• A

(

TIIOl
llf GI Tfll

)

..,_·.·

....

- ---~•..

:;e. _ s <'' • 00 >

A'10 P f SS 0 A. A

[

O~TA

)

Ill.

OIITA
S TIITU
AE G1<:.Tfll

---~

AO.Ill

CO'IIT
l
~ G1STi: II

Lfl ,0

Qj1Til.tlfll()

,,,.

•
~. -" .

[

~c;,s •£11

...z

(

', i

, A

Tj!T V

.
.>
....
... ... .
....
..
~
>
. ,... .
.. .
.
,
j' .
Ill,,.

D•T•

- ...

, ...
....

Tlll()L
C,1~ Tflll

Sf I> " • LOC.1C

...... o,

F..-1-1

lfflli,wpl·~aact a· piM

IEEEUlie
Tht> IEEE lo,cic· alio,•:s th.- RTI to ht- c·onfiJ!u r.-d as t h..... ~ .. t.-m c·u trolln.
hu, T h IEEE lo1,!'1t
rontroll.-r-in-tharf!t>, talker, or Ii ·te>ner on an It-:EE--1
proddt>s intt-rrupt dri,·t>n data tra nsft'r and ... lo\\..; hand s ha lnJ! Ia n .. ,,. ht•
c·untrollt>d to allow data proc:t- ·. in~ durinj.! int n ruµt .. n u ih n <·omn1,tnd
rt•J!istt>r is pro\'idt>d to ·implify sur.w of th .. l·om mo nl ) u-..·d funt·t iun -. an
11-:EF.-.i~ em·ironmt>nt.

~ l f l 1 j TH£ MM.-TIME INTEflfACE IIIIODULE

... IIUIII
Th.. 1.aralwl lfltri.- t·ontain. thr.... "-hit paral I input 1our,,ut ports. Thn.. ar..
tlar..,• mo,lt-s or Oflt'r.ation. pro,·Nlintc ford · t· tr· nsft-r f'ith.-r with or without
handsh· kintr si9rn· Is. ln1 .. rru1,t.s · r .. a,·ail hw in th.. s.-c·onrl and thircl mcMlt• of
01,e•ration tm«Mlf- 1 and mod.. 21 · nd .-an t... ..n hlf'd or dis·

Th... lr-tt'st KO. eontains a IK hyt.- diaerno:tic· 1m,tcram that r.. s,, th .. I 0
int ..r(ac·..s. It is at·tivatt•ft automat k ally t'at·h tillM' that po~ .. r is apfll..-d tn th..
. ystf'm in • ·hi,·h tht' RTI is inst.all••d. The 0. t w. not aft'n.. r· 1.. int .. rruJ)t iit~lf. hut U!WS th .. J/ 0 inr .. rra.-tts to si~nal thf. f'M ; wh n cliaacno~tic· h•~r-- ar..
romplt'tNI.

NGISTEII OVEIMEW
Tahl.. 1-1 lists th,• r••tcish•rs and r,·,ristl'r ,rrou11s that .. ,i!'ot on th,• H,•;,I T1nw
lnt .. rfac·t' )lodult' and th1•ir .1ddr.. sse•s.
T.... M
lfflASil

.....

t 7775:xxJ

RO•.• Odld ~e 1ster

17775202

ROM A ;dr ss Register

17775206

Int rr 11pl Sfatu ~ R gist 1

17775210 - 177i5 16

Par all I L og 1c R g1c;I r Group

177 75220 - 17775236

tU:E Logic Register Grou

17775240 · 17775246

Serial Io I

SLU 1 Register

r<J1JP

17775250 - 17775256

Serial Logic SLU 2 Regis! ,

ro, 1p

177 260 - 1777527

IEEE Maintenance Regis! r

roup

NOTIE. Althuul,!h 11 ,. RTI rl'l,!1,.,n., ran r,•ntain !ti h11 ,. uni, th .. In~ h\ 1t·
1h11, '; 11 11, ,11,!n 1fwant in :ill
h..,au,w t h.. t<TI ;, nut ,•unn_..t,.,I lo b11,

,-,1

,.1...,,

1.· ,,. of th ..
BIIAI. tiu, Wh,•n ou ~rltt' to a r ..1,!hlt'r. th,. h11th h\1,- 1h11~
I!', ,. 1 1s i1tn11rl'd

•

THE ,tfAL-TIME INTUIFACl MOOUl.£ I CHAl'TU• 1

ACCI

TOTNl...,.11.1

Cahli
n
tor.
r,
and
int r al· tah

c-onn ·innal rnm1 t r'. rha. i.
pin. availahl in th•

0----11-"'!'!~ GNO t 111111

ATN

o-a---1~- GND 2 ltHII
NflfD
DAV

SRO
f:'l,,,,l.__----4.....,,- GND J t1EHI
lfC
o,;......--1......,-MN

0106
C.NO SltJ
IUCEtVE DATA 111 IOI
TRANSMIT DUA I IA "10]

lOI
0----1~,- 010s
0,02
0"'"'-----1~,- 0104
0,01
0------1~,- OIOJ
GND SltJ
o-a-~----GNO,AltAllll2
DATA t T READY ICC 107
o-=---11-:-,,- CLlAlt TO SE~D I Cl IOi
OATATMM lAOYI CO IOll2
1>---....,,_,,,_ "OST TO SE~ O I CA 10!,

CAltfllU DlTECT I Cf • IOI

CAfUll(J! lit I t , ' ~ 1 F IOI
e>-------CL(Afl TO . t' , IJ A lts 11)6

RECEIVE DATA A II UM

OATA SETll(AOYACC WI
-+-,.--flOS T TO SE, 0 A C A 10!'1
L,.:.TATIIMk l AO YA(. O108 2
.,r4Q ,AflALLll 1
'<.J7 H
0-=---1....,...-,1J7H

,AJ1 H

,CJ6H

0------+-=-'IJi H
,C ISH
0-------+.......,-'8.JS H
,cJ• H

n - - - - - - - , 8J4 H
,CJJH
,AJ]H
,AJ2 H

0------+~-,■ JJ H
PCJ2 H
r.,-----,■ J2H
,CJI H

n - - - - - P I J IH
,AJI H

Pt. JO H

~------'8JO H
,AJOH

,. . . 1-2
tntemal C..,._ COlwaectof

CHAPll'I 1 I THE

Al-T

TEflFACt MOOUl£

..., 10121

1-3

,C3XX-M Cable end COlwteetof Pod

xxxxxxxxxxx•••••••xxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx•xxxx
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
•

X
XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx

xxxxx•xxx
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxx
•••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx

•~x•xxxxxxxxxxxx•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
···········•xx
···················
•xxx•••••••••
xx•xYxx•x••~vxxxxx•••x
•••x•••••xxxx•xx~~x••••x••••xxxxxxxxx
•••xxxx.xxxxx•x••••••~x••x•••••••••••••
•••••••••~•••xx xxxx••••• •••••x•••••••~•
••••••••••••~xxx·xxxx•xx•xxx>x•x•••••••••••
••••••••••••xxx •~•••••x•••••••x•••••••••••••
•••x•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• xxxxxxxxxx
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x•xxxx¥xxxxxx
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••••

2
Interrupt Logic and
Bus Interface

Chapter 2
tenupt Logic and Bus

terfoce

ffal
Fi,rutt 2-1, lnt•rrupt (AJll'K' nd Bu lnt•rf•-. SimJ•tiCi..t 81,Jl'k niatrram . . um ration of th. int•rrupt lo1rit" .
m rizn the

..........

th.. RTI to at.. n.. ratt> an IRij A
An interrupt Crom tlH- IEEE 1.otrit" .-· u
I or parall.-1 int .. rruJ•t I l(t'nt'r1iwri
rrupt
..
int
otht-r
Any
CPI'.
the
to
interrupt
ratt>~ an intl'rrupt "hl"nt>\t>r
..
.it>n
lfltrit"
~rial
Th•
at.-. an IRQ B intt•rrupt.
vt" fun,·t ion. Thl' p rall .. l
rt>tti
or
mit
tran.
a
rnmplt'tt>!l
unit
line
I
...-ri
.. itht'r
locic- llt'ftt"ratt"l4 an intt"rrupt only unft.r ,•ttrtain rondition ·. Th .. para11 .. 1 J 0
int .. rrupt ,IN"Odt"r llt"nt"rate. a PAR l/ 0 ISTA sitirnal "h.-n th.. ISTEA !. P(' :t
and l/ 0 'RT siarnal. · rt" tru.- :;i multanNMJ ly. and J(l'neratt's a P.\R I O ISTB
sip.al wht-n th.- lSTEB I. Pf' O. and l / 0 ' RT ~ipal an- tru.. simultan ..uu · ly.

h•n th .. RTI is addrHM'd hy th• CPt, tht> rnmhination of th .. RSI.OT SEL
and DATA STB siarnal bt-inar true <' u . tht> interrupt t.~i•· to "4'nd th ..
BRPI.Y . i,rnal huk to the CPt ' as an ukn<,wlt>dtirm .. nt .
1

"UUI

LOGIC

lJS

Uf'T

euHUI

DATA
AOOIUSS
I l)
UfFEII

,,.

s1u cr

SIL· 7 0

•£111

FA u

c..u

X IT
TO

SLOT SH
SOEN

...,.~_ _ _. - CPU

IIDi

.......

Th• C'onlrol ·umm· nd hulr•r :,C'ttpt. C'ommaftd ip I. from th~ Ml hul4 an•I
tr· n. r..r. th .. m to th. . rial. li;F.t:. and a:-aral~l 1-.ri.- int•rfac-~ nd to th.- . 1(t•sl RO~ . Th.. hu . . iern I. .no ~ rihead hri•fly ht-lo,.·.

,.....,
..............
...,

B M~ITE

Bus Nr1tc
Bus Writ
Lo1111 B le

BWIB
0 Al~ STB

Becomes WAT ~ •Ihm th

nd p rall~I loq,r

Used , '11·; h

nd I

lhi_' ' ,('' '

'> II I -.1 R()•}

th IEEE 'O'J•C

s a Nrtf

Pr ,1 If•

s,gn-'•

Bus Data

Used l'>y me CPU to I

Strobe

Protess,onal compul

Ir
int rl c 1.1n1 S
th h•1s 1 1 t lh
1 1r1, 1r, ._, ,. tin, , s
, ,1 tn,~•1
I
-,;

inform hon n th hu
data II 1s lso used
lo d1 t,ng,w, t°'f' l ..... <'fc!

At. ,[J

RT I l b

Pr
tnl

1mp11I

11·

omh,

'> tAOO 1 thr1>11<Jh A

lh RT t
, ;ill I ln,1•< to , ,) f,, , .. , .
,!,_ !, •, , ,, l r1 " ••
rt'

B,,s Sla.e

Used by

Ori " [ rldhlP

th m I
the dalJ

,,, ,., ,n l .,, h •

•1Sf'<1 hy
,nte rt <'

1: r ,,, - 111 n 11 tt,c•
• L
J1t 11h 8 :S

th cJ ta
to transl

l1•r ,nto
U Tl'l, s

1• 1,, r

enables

'1• •.11 1•·, to

It ·~ 11 ·u
11•,

lo plc:11 C'
,1 1'

lhc CPU
811s .~c:iSI ''

Data l n,1ht ,

, 1 , s , 11 r .,t • , 1,,,,
Uc;ed onl•, h, lhe mocs
,n com 1nal1on ... ., B ~l ( r 5f t h) l ,j l t
,nt ,,
the dc:il

,,a

Jt1 .r ss I n

111 .. ,

r tu 1 , , , , •• , , • ,

.,,1

i ,

CHAPTER 2 I INTERRUPT LOCIC ANO BUS INTERFACE

~IIIICNII

BINtT

lrnhallze

Asserted automatically by the CPU when the
Professional computer 1s first turned on It sets the
RTI (and the rest of the Professional computer) to a
known state This s,gnal •s also asserted hy a
software RESET 1nstruchon.

NOTE: l MA thl' Rli:~n•:r inl4trul'tion ii1 not rttc·umnwnclt•cl sine·,• it may
clillr111•t 1m'l(ram ••wt·ut ion, aeh·t•riwl~· atre'C't ~~·!lh•m u1wration, an,l t·aus,• I ht•

koo. or chata.

BOALO
BOAL 7

BuffC\md
Oata/Addr •;s
tines

Connected to a t°'• •t,,"r.honal th'"" ~tr1te !r;lnc;r: r?P,1Pr
W1th1n the H II the sarn, • 111 tl! S are lal>cl d l >BUS 0
through DBUS 7

BSLOJ SEL

Bus Slot Select

Used together with

Bus

nr?rat e ttu~
and the ADD 3 4. 5. and 6 s1gn.1I to
SELect O through 7 s1ynals that are usc,J t°'y all the
logic in the All

througt1

BIO SEL

Input/ Output
Select

c,,....o.c·
Tht- RTI ,·ontai11~ a 5.~ MIiz ,·r~·:dal osl"illator to dt•n•lop its int('rnal timinat
. i.cmal!4. Th,• hufCt•rt•tl out1mt is ;at ost·illator Crt••1m•rl('~· ancl is lalwlc•cl r, l\1111..
Th• cltK·k Crt1t1twm·y is not mwr mltlrt•ssahlt• ancl t·annot ht• t·han,tMI. Ttw dcu-k
is usecl to dtt\'elo11 timinK Cur the SLU's haud ratt'~; these haml rah•~ art> ust•r
. lectahl.-.
TATUS REGISTER

An intt>rrupt status re.cister is prO\·iclt•cl for the IRQ B inlt•rrupt~. Wlwn an
IRQ B intttrrupt oc.•t·ur~ ancl thi~ rttii h•r is reacl. the regi ter will i,1.-ntify the
·tion or the RTI that is re,1m•. ting ·t_1rvil·e. St1e Fit!un1 2-2.
FUNCTION

llf •OO~l y

I .:- .: .: .: .:
,s

,...,. 2-2
■ Interrupt

tatus Regis-.,

!IT S

ADDRESS

INTEAA PT LOGIC A'1D IIUS t.... TERFACE I CHAPlER 2

e a

·•

NO IRQ B INTERRUPT

IEEE MAt~TE:~AN E

PARALL Fl P RT B

PAR AL LE L PORT A

' LU 2 RE fft E

U 2 TRA S ,11
14

SlU 1 RE C tVE

SLU 1 TRANSMIT

Suh• that th•• c·uelinll of th.. inh•rru11ts l••n•I"' it . tr ••asily to th .. ,•,in.:trut·t ion uf
" tahl•• within ~·our pn-.rrant fur hr:tnc·hiner. Tht> tahl .. shoul,I t·ontain th,•
hr:anrh :ultlre•ssc•s fur th,• 1111rtiun, of ~·our 11r111rram 1lt•\·oh•tl to harullinl! ••:lt'h
I O inh•rr:u·,•. Th.. c·unlt>nl . or th .. i ,1 .. rru111 -.talus r1•1tish•r t·an tw ;ul,t.·il
tlir••c·tl.\ to th,• ha-..• :a,lelrt>s. or lht• tahlt> lo ohtain thc• prop.-r t.ranc·hinl,!
:ulelrc•s,.
The• II•: ►: ►: l"•rt inte•rru11t s tht> C'Pt' un th,• IR(l \ line• This ha, priori!~ 11, ,,r
IRq Ha nil i-. ,l,,.li,·ate•,I tu I hc• I ►:►: ►: purl uni~· All 111 h,•r inl..r ru pt -. 11nur 11n I tw
IRq R Ii ;,

Th,• IRq H lulflC' i. ,lriH•n h~· a rinjl munh•r n:ut -.hm, n in 1-'il,!un· :!- I I al :! .·,:111
. llz. It ,·ontinuou-.ly s:am11l,•s !ht' in1mt s until it rin1I, on,• as.:..rt,••I Ttwn t ht•
c·ounh•r stu11s, lo:ul, th,• intt'rru11t status rt>,ri sh•r ,,ith t h,• tit•\ it-,· ,·,Hit•. a n,I
assc•rt, th,• nu, B int..rru1,t tu th,• Proft> . ional t·umputt•r's ('Pt ·. Ttw ( 'l't '
mu t r,•atl I ht• mq It int..rrupl talu-. r ...ci-.h•r to ,1,•h•rm int• "h k h inlt•rf ~···· i-.
r,.. ,, ...... t inll ..,,nit·•• 0111·1• th,• inttorfa,·•• i... -..•n i,·t·,1 . it ,lt•as ....•rt -. it..: int nru pl
r1•11111•.;t lint• '" th,• nu, H l11L!it·. a nil th .. 1111,!it• r,•, um,•.; l'\ t·linl,! t hr, 1111.!11 'h,·
input s Thi · nwth,"I p..r1111t-. uni~ unc• int..rrupt 111 •1t·t·ur at a t inw .inil l!i, ,,,
,·:ll'h inh•rfa,·,• a n 1•q11al "l'l"•rlunit ~ lo rt1q111•-.1 ~••n i,.., fr11m th,• Pr11f1•,,in11a l
t•11111p111t·r·-. f'l't ·

y LIFT II.MK

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••xxxx
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
•••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
••
•••••••••••••••••••·····
···~··············
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••

•••••••••
•••••••
•••••
•••
•

XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx

xxxxxxx•x

•••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
xxxxxxx••xxxY-x•••
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
•••••••••••••••••••••
••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
xxxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
••••••••••••••~••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxx••·························
•··················
·········••xxxx•
x•••••••••••••••••••• •xxxxxxx•xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx•x

•••••xxxxxx••••••• •••••••••••••x•x•xx xx
xxx•x•xx•x•xxx•xxx xxx•••••••••••••xxxx xxx
x•x•x••••••••••••••x xxxx••••••••••xxxx xxxxx

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxx
··················••
·····················
•••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
17

3
Serial Logic

Chapt

Logic

Tlwtt
9ffial

"'"' rian t .
li

11tly.
l11terf_.

., E

.·

iu ... I
prototoJ.
clata for

fffllll N

rati

·Mhrnfllnu!l

tlk-

----

•
,

NMI

inc.

Both .Us aN Nll'tnl
DD l. and .RT iarnal
Nffi ..t fro111 the
i tnfan. SLU l i !W
by th.. I ,ric I A. ·o o( th
EL-I ud DATA STII .
· SLU 2 i I ted by tlw IOl(ical ASD ohhe ' EL
5 AINI DATA STB . al■ fro111 the
interfw-..
The • 1 thip' baud rate ~nerator Nttivn an input of !>. •
ill tor on the RTI 11d can be pl"Olp'a111med to o rate th
fro,n 50 to 9600 baud.

. Hz fr m tht"
·Lt: t . pt-t'd.

The tlHNl.111 l'Ofttrol lG(Cic Nttiv CARRIER DETECT, CLEAR TO "E. ' D. nd
DATA ET READY h
haki
ipal from .,.n.ote d vi . and tr n mits
~ATA TE INAL READY nd REQGEST TO SE. D hand h. kinar i,rnal .
Refu to the PC3XX-AA Real-TiMe lrttujur ,tla.lult- 011",in- · .tla""""'
CEK-Pt,"3AA-011 ► for a diwu ion of EIA RS-2:t!C/ 4~ hand ·hakin11r pro Ot'ol .
11

CHAPTER 3 I SERIAL LOGIC

!,I ll tAI LOt;I C

!)&TA
l llS
IUHflll

Orf"ATIOtll
COIIITIIOl

9AUDMTI
GfNfMTO"

TltC

11,c

""'

DATA Tl.._ IIOY A

OTII

'°"'"01

osn•r.

....

'•"DY TIIIANWITftll

TaD

"" INT

11'1111110 ,

... c,

IIICfl\1111

ltOST t o

..,s

lljlOf'fllll

.__. __ , ,

IIIC
flllD A

111,C
T"AIIISMIT OAT A A

SLU 1 - f~I 2tl 1
DATA

IIUS
l lJHflll

- - - - - -A_-__
-. . llfSIT
______
o_o_,
ao
______A~o_o_2_,.A,
v\llllT

OPflllAT IOfll
COIIITIIIOl

!, MMZ

'"CL• C, fNfltA TOIII ....

---- -----•W"
Sfl!>

CAltlll1flll Dfff(T I
CUAlt TO SEND II

01A

DCD
CTS

DATA Slf lllfADV I

~OOIM
CONTltOL

I'll •NT

,....1

...... LoliC lifflpliftad lllocll - - - - -

IH S

DSCHG

05"
TB rlllf

T,r.(

IA UO IIIATf

TltlllDY TIIIANSMITTflll

T• n

M,r.llDY

••o

"fC(IVfll

III C'

"' r.
QAfA TFlll.,a "0" 8
AQSl TO S El\i O II

111, C
TIIAl\l ',\4t T DATA II

llf el l\1£ DATA II

... ""'"

S[RIAL LOGIC I CHAPTER 3

Th,· t r;ansmilt,•r lo.ric· is u~-.1 to ~•n,I :o-t•rial data to a r,•muh• cl,•,·ic·•· amt J!t•n..ratt•s a TA or TB ISTt-:RRl'l'T "·h.-n it is r.-ady to t'l't"J1t anuth..r h~·tt· frum th,•
t•ruft"ssional c•11n111ut. . r's ('Pl'. (lt-tails on tht' t,Et"n .. r tion of this int..rrupt siJ!•
nal art• dt•st·riht-d hf.lo"··
\\'lu-n it ha. n"t·.. in'CI a c-om11l1•t .. hyt .. from a rt>nlolt• d.. ,·i,·1· iln•I is r,•a,t ~ 111 '"'
r,•;ul h~· th.. CPI '. h.. rt'«'t•h·t•r lot,Eit• trflnt'rat.-11 an RA or trn l~Tl-:trnrt-T.
llt•tails on tht' t,Et'tlt'ration of this int..rru1lt . it,Eni&I art• dt"!•lt'ritwd twlow .
Th.. r.-.-..h·t•r and transmith•r art' s111•t·ific-ally t•nahl .. l or cii--ahlt•d hy ~·ou r
1m-.rrnm. Roth full-dua•lttx and half-duplttx oswraHf'ns ar,• arnil.ahl,•. ••u11 du1ll•x 01..,ration oct·urs wht•n both th• transmittt>r and th .. rt't't•hc•r art> al'th,•
i-i1nultan ..ou01ly. llalf-duplH op.-ration ocrurs when only onf' ft>ith .. r th ..
rt•t·t•h·t•r or tht• transmittt>rl is a.-tin•.

Th•· SI.r's transmillt'r and r..,... ivt'r ,·onform to t~I:\ RS-:!:J2 '.1:t? ~tan1lard "ith
n•:-tM•t·t to siin.al 1..,·,•ls and to the• RS-2:1:!, -1:t! handshaldnt,E si j!nals as d,·~·riht•d
t...low.
,MJ MAMMINQ INFOMMTION

Tht• ~U !s rontain hol,linac. statu,, mrnll'. and t•ommancl r1•j!ist.. rs Tahlc• :J- 1
li: ts all tht' st•rial lint• unit r1•iish•rs aml add,•t• iws.

. -- ....
, . . . . .1
ILU R SI I

AM@SIH

17775240

SLU t Receive1Transm1t Holding Register

177752~2

SL U 1 Status Register

17775244

SLU 1 Mode Register

1i775246.

SLU 1 Command Register

17775250

SLU? Rerc,ve/Transm,t Holding Reg,s1er

1777~'>1:2

SU 1 2 Status Register

17775254

SLU 2 Mod R g,ster

17775256

SLU 2 Commar,j Register

CHAPTER 3 I SERIAL LOGIC

Tht• re<·tth·e holding rel(i ter (Fi~llre 3-2) is' an 8-hit r~ad-only re~i tt-r that
,·ontain th data lwinl( ret·~i\'ed by the SLU. The SLU rl't·eiver a . . t'mbles
int-omin characters one bit at a time. When a full character is ass(>mblt'd, the
r h·er 1•lat-e the data in thi rlltrist""· When the re.cister is read, the HxRUY
i nal i11
rted. Bit 1 clear in the SLU status rel(ister.

RUDO L v

1•

1115
OI
07

I• :• : ~ : • :• :• : • :• I

ADDRESS

Ill

SLu 1 1 n1s,.ao
SlU 2 1777!12'50

••
.................
,

The tra11 mit holdin1 ftl(i ter ( 1-'iecure 3-3) is an 8-bit douhle-huffer.-d writl'onl)· retri t r ror t dat beinl( traHmitted by the SLU. Its assoriated shirt
ff'l(i. ter i 110t di ti)' addressabl.-. Data L written into the transmit holdinJ.C
reaci l r by lhe protrram. II the transmitter is en!lbled, anti tht- clear-to-stlnd
n, tontrol sianal i true, the data is a•!t~maHcall)· mo\·1111 (in parallel, that
i , all eil(ht bits at once) tu th• SHIFT rel(ister wht're it is transmitted l!ti.'rially
to remote viees. ~ i.he
tion Transmittinl( Data.
Not that tlH' tran mit holdinl( rel(ister and the receh·e holdinJ,C rt•1.dster art- at
the un,e addre s. When the address is written to, the r~.ci~t.-r is used as ihe
tran. mil holda,11( rPt(ister. When the address is read, the re,cister is used as the
rettive holding register.
Both the receiver and transmitter can be enahled simultantaously (full-duplex
o ration); it is possible to use both registers simultaneously.
fUfCTION
t§

WWITI ONL , .

••

X : X

: X

...................

,....1-1

~,...

IITS
09
07

tO
:

ADDRESS

OIi

0~TA

SLU 1 111152•0
SlU 2 1117!12!10

........

SERIAL LOGIC

I CHA Pl ER 3

u
The SI..U . talus rt•l(ist.-r iN shown in •"il(ure 3-4.
,uNCTIQfll

IIIM>O.'-LV

I .:.:. • :.:.:.
l!»

l •TS
08

AUOAE$S
01

O".,

o•;•

•.•...,

LU 1 1111', }41
SLU 1 111 1!,2',1

. . ,,...

• ••• _._ .........

0
1

Transmitter Hokf11g Register Busy
Transmitter Holding Register Empty

(Data can be wntten to ,t .)
1

Receiver Holdang Register Empty

Receiver Holding Reg1~tPr contains data wh,~h can be read

Tr ansm1tter Shtft Register ,s nol empty
I ransm1ttcr Shift Register 1s empty or a change has occurred m one
of the input modem control 111

No Error

Panty Error

No Error

Overrun Error (A new received data byte W'1'" written into the receive
holdmg register before the previous data byte was read )

No Error
Framang Error (m1ss1ng stop bit on receive)

Carner Detect input is False
Carner Detect input is True (Asserted)

Data Set Ready mput is False
Data Set Ready input is True (Asserted)

CHAPTUI 3 I SERIAL LOGIC

·t O nd l indiratf' the current status or the TxRDY signal and the RxRDY
i nal, re iwt·lively. These siinals are true or~alse tlepenping on whether the
tr nsmit holdinar retri ter or the receh·e holding register currently has data in
it. For tails,
Transmitting Data and Receiving Data.
hen

l, bit 2 in the status register means one or two things. When either the

tran. milter or receiver i enabled, and a chanie occurs in either the incoming
rrier tect or i11mmin11 d ta set ready ignal, bit 2 becomes set. The chan~l'

• be either lo to hi1h or hiih to low. Bit 2 also indicates the current status
t tr n.. mil holdin1 rel(ister when the transmitter is enabled. If set, hit 2
that the transmit holdini register is empty. When the status register
or a d ta byte i written into the transmit holding register, bit 2 is
rror indicators (hits 3. 4, and 5> are cleared when the next received word
entttrs the receive holdin1 rt•~ister, or when they are specifically reset by bit 4
in t comm nd n,rister. The other bits in the status retrister are set or cleared
t condition they monitor chanie. For example, bit 7 remains set as long
DSR remains userted and i cleared only when DSR drops low.

u
T mode registers (Figure 3-5, allow you lo specify the parameters of data
tr n mi ion. There are two modf' retrister~, mode l and mode 2, in each SLU.
An internal pointer is set to the mode 1 rtttrister by the INfT sitcnal at 11ower-up
or by readintt the command retcister. Each time a mode retcister is written or
read, th. pointer toJtgles to t.he other register. When you first st-t the data
r meters, the mode 1 re,<ister should be written first. See Tables 3-:J and 3-4
for the mode register data.
NOTE: INIT tl•an thf. mot.ltt, rommand, and 1tatu1 r~i l•r , and put!II thtt
SLU into tlw ida. ,tat..
,UNCTIO'I
15

IITS
01
07

AOOfll SS

Ofi

0:1

SlU I 177757H
SLU 2 177751'5,e

... ....
,

....,

sr RIAi l

If I CHAPT( R 3

- -- ....
au ... 1•111111

Always tfOf

Th«.> bits
5 Bits

3-2

01
10

S d

n hr

7 Bit
8 e,1s

0
1

Pa,,ty di
Parity enabled

0
1

Odd paril nablcd
Evcn P3flty enabled

00
01

Invalid

The

10
11

- ----

- - -

6 e.1s

7-6

nou

bits ck'I ,mrn tht.· number ot ._,oi, . 's

1 Slop 811
B,ts (r c hi onlv l
1 •. St
2 Slop Bits

..... ,.... .......

......

.....,
3-0

These bits select the baud rate

0000
0001
0010
0011
0100

0101
0110
0111
1000
1001

1010
1011
1100

1101
1110
0011

50
75
110
134 5
150

600
1200
1800

2000
2400
3600
4800
7200
9600
Always (Causes the SLU to generate the baud rate int rnally using
tt,e 5 0688 MHz clock)

C~TER 3 I SERIAL LOGtC

u~--•
SLU command ret(istl•r is shown in Je"it(ure 3-6.

IITS

I . :. :.:- :.:.:. : . I >~: I•I
11

1•

--··
-

O!,

AOOIUSS

SL U 1 1771!,1~
SlU 2 I H 1!,2!il

.... ,,...

uc,............

••••

u
1

2
3

Transmttler Enabled

Transmitter O.sabled

Forces Data Terminal Ready (DTR) True

Forces Data Terminal Ready (DTR) False

Recen,er Enabled

Receiver Disabled

Normal Operateon
Force Break Condition

Normal

Resets Error Flags in Status Register

Forces the Aequest•To-Send (ATS) output False one clock time after
the transmit sh1it register 1s emptied.
Forces the Request-To-Send (ATS) output True.

7-6
00
01
10
11

These bits control the operating mode.
Normal Operation
Automatic Echo Mode
Localloopback
Remote loopback

Bits O and 2 enable the transmitter and receiver, respectively, if set. See
Transmitting Data and Recei\'in1t Data.

[R IAL l

1C I CHo\PT[R l

Rit. I and :a t·onlrol tht• out11ul mo,lt•m ,·ontrol si.rnals ust•tl ti~ tlw 1'1.1" ~,.,.
t,'ia:urt' 1-2 for thtt lttt·ation of tht•se• si.rnals on tht' inh-rnal l'alilt• rnniwl'lur St••·
. lod •m ront rol for a dt•s.·ri11t ion of t ht• pur1111se• of t•at·h sia:n.,I
Rit :I, wht'n ~•t, llUts tht' dat · tran. mit lint• into a lm•ak ,·on.litiun Cl'llnt i,wa l
lo\\ 1. Tht• data lint' r••m.&ini- lo\\ uni ii t hil- hit i. rlt'art'tl.
Rit .a, whttn twl, de•· ri, th ....,,or flaw- thit . :c. .a. · nd !'»1 in tht• s1a1us rt•tli stt•r
l"nlikt- lht> otht>r hit . in tht• ,·ummantl rt•a:istttr. hit I i. nut latc·h•••I \\'h••n you
st•I hit .a, tht' . tatus n,ristttr ttrror naa:-. art• •·ltt· rt'll; hit I th••n de•a r:- it,t•lf.
'lwn tht> command n,ri tt'r i , ..act, hit .a lw ~- rt'aels z.. ro.
Automatit" t't'ho, ln,·al l0011ha•·k. and rt•nmh• l1M111hat·"- art• u-.e•tl for cl i:aa:nu-.t ir
It'. tin11 of th•• SI.I'. \\'ht•n automati,· •••·ho is st•lt't·tt'fl. all clat., re•n•ht•cl i,
utom· tirall~· 11lat-...l in th•• tr.ansmil holdina: rt•ttish•r as wt•II a:- in tht• rt•,·c•iH·
hultlinar rt'l(i tt'r. Thtt rt't't•h,•r must ht' t•n· lil,-.1 for this m,Mit•. ltut tht• tran~m it tt'r dot' n 1t n,..,.1 tu ht• ,•nahl.-.1. Th,• tr.an~miltttr tranl-mit tht• re•n•h••tl ,lat a as
it i. plat'l'll in th,• tran. mit hol,lina,t r,•.ri. h•r h~· th .. r•••·••h••r. Th•· T,ttl tY lint•
r••m.&in t"ontinu· lly a. iwrtNI. \'ou can . till r,•· d thtt in,•11min1t data b~- a,·c·•·ssina: tht' n"t·t'h·t• holtlin.r rt•Jri. lt•r. Rt•moh• loo11hac-k is th .. -.anw a-. aut,,mati,·
tt•·ho t• '"'l•t th· t ~·ou rannot ,tt·t·t•s),, th.. in•·ominar da•a in !he• n•,·t·h t• h11ltt inl!
r,·a:istt'r. \'ou ,·an ho\\l'\'ttr, mon itor the• t•rror hit~ in th•• st.ttu, rt•a:i,tt•r In l111·al
l1M111ha1·k. data ~ou 1•1· •·t• in tht• transmi t hol,linat rt•a:ist.-r is :al,r, f,•cl in tu ttw
rt•r••h t•r and 11lat·t•d 1,at·~ in th,· rt•re•i \t• hold i nit r..arist.. r
INITIALIZING TMI ILU

Th,•r•• is no s1..-1·i.al initiali1.at 1un ,·11111mancl fur tht' Sl.t'!' llo\\t•\t•r, you --h11uld
. l•"·i f~ the• 1,aranwh•r. of th,• tran,m itt ..,I ur rt't't•in·d data h~ '4rit init tu the•
nwtlt• re•a:ish•r, 1..-(ort' "rit inJl an~ t hin)l into t ht• c•omman,I r..,i,tt•r In acl,lit 111n,
~·ou m.a~ \\,ant tu monitor tht• statu"' rt'l,fi tt'r l11•fort• wr1tinJ,,! tu th" 1·11mrnancl
r..t ish•r tu ,·h•·t·k tht• . tatui- o( th•• inl·omin)l mudt•m ,·untrol tin... Huth th••
Iran . mith•r and ,.,.... in•r r1•11u irt' lht•i r rt'-.pt•c·tin• han,I. hak inl! lin,• to t1t•
a s.-rtt'tl lo\\ llt'furt' th,•~ \\ ill ht> u1wr· th·..
TIIANIII n..eo DATA

Th,• follo\\·inat stl'[)" art' n,,.., •._ ..a r~ to tran -.mi t data thr11u.ch 1•ith••r . ..rial line•
un it First, se-t tht• transmit ••nahlt• 1T,E~ 1 hit in lht• status r1•.cistt•r. Write• tht•
(ir:-t ..tat hytt> to th.- Iran . mit hol,lin)l rt•![istttr Th is ,·lt>ars hit O in th,• -;tatu.
rt'tti-.h•r Wh n the• rl.-ar-111-iw ncl modt'm -.il[nal i. rt•1·.-h ttd t rut• from the·
r...-,,j, in~ dt'\'i('t', the• transmit11•r h,•,·111111•-. "l"'ratiH· and th .. data h~ h• i. auto27

CHAPTER 3 I SERIAL LOGIC

m· tic-all)· transrt'rn.>d lo thtt shirt rt•tristt'r. Tht• tmnsmith•r is clp.-rati\l• "h,•n
hoth rlear-to-. •ncl and TxF.N ar.. tr~... \\'ht•n tht• tr:ansmittn j.., op..ratiw. tlw
t·ontt>nts or th... hirt rt•aristt'r artt transmitted.
\\"ht'n tht• d:ata h~·t .. i. mm·t>tl tin par.alM, that is, .all t>it:ht hits at on,·1•1 to the•
shirt rtiri tttr, T. RU\° iit as!44•rh•.-I low, nwanina: that tht• tran~mittn i, upc•ra•
ti\·t> :.nd tht- holdintr rt•iistt-r is t-mpty. This J,ft•nt•rah•s a B inh•rrupt in tlw
intt-rrupt lot(ic-. A nt-w cl.ata hyh• t· n ht' writh•n to tht• hol,lint! r••a:ish•r.

The tr· nsmitt .. r utom· tit" II~· iwnds a start hit twfurt> 1•a1·h cl:at:1 hyh•. Th,·
It- Ill siarniri,·.ant hit ur the d:ata i. iwnt rirst . Artt'r the• most sia:nifit·aut hit. a
parit)· hit i . nt, ir Jr rit~· i. t•n hl.-d. Th.. s11t•C'iril'd numht•r or stu1, hits ar,•
tht'n iwnt . Transn,ission .al\\a~·s he•arin as StMtn as th,· shift r,•a:ish•r i:-- full. if
tlw lransmittt'r is t>nahl..d. If artt•r iwndintl tht• ronh•nts of th,· shift r,••.!ist..r
th«•n• i. no data in th•• holclin~ rt'Jri!ltt>r, tht• transmit out11ut lin,• of tht• -.,•rial
lint' unit f 1•in 12 on JI ror SU ' I and pin!• on JI for ~u· :!1 r,•main, hia:h . If ~ou
•ant to kt't'I' thtt transmit lint• in a c·ontinuou!l low stat ... st•t th,· ~•·n,1 -hr.. ak hit
I hit :Jt in th,• rummand r,,vistttr. Th,• se•nd-hrt'' " hit must ht• d,•ar.•11 l1t•f11rt'
cl.ala Iran. mission t·.an rt's~ me.
\\"ht'n th.. shirt n•aristf>r i-. ,•m1•t~·. th.. "" t data hytt• t.as-.umint! it ha, lwt•n
• ·rittt'n into tht> holclinac rt>ii,tt•rl is automatirally transf,•rr,•cl from th,· br!ct ini rt•t,filllt>r if tht' Iran. mitlt•r is still oJ>t•ratin•. If thf' holdi.1a: r••l!i,tt·r is
t•m1••~·. TxRll\" sta~ s truv tlow I. If th,• hohlint,f rPa:ish•r is not c•m pt~ . th,· data i~
t r.ansf,~rrt>ti to th•• shirt rf'ttistt'r.
Thtt transmitlt'r lwt'onws inq,-•ratin• wht•nt•wr tht> shift r"•·d stt•r i:- 1•m11t ~. .anti
t•it h,•r I ht• c·lt•ar-to-!W'nd sijlnal ht•t·om,•s false•, or t ht• T, ES hit is l'lt•ar,·il Thl'rt' ·
fort>, if Int• c•lt•ar-to-st•nd siacnal httomt's low whilt' data is in th•• :--hift n •t!i... tn.
that data is allowt'd to transmit to ('omplt'tion. Howt•\·t'r. as SIHIO a, th .. shift
r,•a:istt'r is t'nlpty, tht• transmi tlt•r tlt',•onuas inupt>ratiw and T,RO\' is nut
a:--st-rlt'tl t rUl•. If th.. shi ft rt•t,!istPr is t' urrt'nl ly t'mpty and t ht• c·l,•ar-t o-: ,·nd
si.cnal ht•f'unw. (1&lse. tht• transmitlt'r is clisahl.-d immt'diately.

t'ndl'r th.. s.•c1ut•nt·t' ,J .. sc·rilM•d ali11H•, tht• TxRDY intt-rru11t .. a rf' J!t•rwratt•rl aft..r
t>\'t>ry data hylt>, in<·ludina: th,· la-.t data bytt', is tra nsft•rrt•d from I ht• hot.lint:
rttl(i lt'r. \\'ht'n T,RI>\" i. tru .. do" I. B intt'rrupls art> J!t'nt> rat1•cl and r .. main
assertf'd until T Rn\' is fal -.t•. To clisalilt· th is intnrupt aftn th•· la..;t data hyt ..
has lwt•n s..nl, " ·ail until th .. last TxRDY is trut', m.. aninJL that tht• ta .. , ,lata
hytt> is in tht• shift rf>Ji!ish•r Cl,•ar tht' TxF.!\ bit thit O in th,· ~tat u~ n •~i..;tt rl

SERIAL LOGIC I CHAPTER 3

Th,• tritn~miu ..r " ·ill ht- disi&hlt'tl as ~"in • tht> ronh•nts or th,· shift n•l,!i~tn
h \ 't- l1N.•n tr· n. mitt.-cl. Writl' a ,tummy h~·1t1 into tht• holJinat r••l,!istn. This" ill
t·:nas.• TdUl\' toaro r.aliW and sta~· false• \\ht•n th1• transmitt..r ;u·tuall~ twc·unws
inu111•r· th·•·
Tu t•nahlt• tht• TxRO\' intt>rru11ts "'·h,•n you \\ant to start transnuttmat al,!ain.
\\ritt• tht- fi1'11t tlata h~·tt• into th,· holclin.r r••acistt•r. Tht•n . t'l T,ES true• in tlw
romm nd n,ri t•r. A. 1un as th,· ,·lt•.&r-to-st•nd ~iinaal is trut>, th,· lransmittn
" ·ill ht-t·oml' 01wr ti\'t' and th1• tlala will tw transr.. rrNI to th1• shift rt•J!i:-tn
This \\·ill t" u. T IUl\' to ht>t·unw tnw and to l(t>nt•rah• a B in1nru111. ().,ta
transmission ran tht'n t-c1ntinue.
•CEMNGDATA

O· ta is Jllac:'t'd in t"it' rt't't•iw holdintt rt>l(ish•r \\ht•n th1• rt•t·••in•r is opnatiH·
and data i. t•rt>. •nt un t ht> in11ut lint•s. Th,• rt•t·l'in•r is oJ)t·r.&t i\'l' wh,·n t lw lh E'.'\
hit is . t in lht> t·ommand rt,cish•r and tht> rarrit>r-tlt•h't·t sil,!nal i, l1t•it 1!~
rt't't'in•d low from t hl' t•xtt•rnal tlt•,·it·t>. Tht• rt'ft>h·1•r de•lt•t·ts clata on th,• in pu I
lint• by St'i&rrhinac for a \·alitl start hit. As hits art> r1•<·••in•el, tht>~ an• a"••mhlt>d
ont• hit at a timt> hy tht> rt't"t'h·t>r. \\'h1•n th,• t>ntirt> -hit c·harac·h'r i, as~••mt.11•1I.
tht> data is 11lat't'd in thl' rttei\'t> holclinac rt>acistn startin.r with th•· lo\\ urde•r
hit. tr the rt.'t't'in'tl rhararter L It'. s than hits, tht> hi.rh orde•r hit :- :art> st•I to
1.t1ro. Whl'n the rt't"t>in• holdinJr rt•Jristt>r has data in it, ttw RxRHY :-il,!nal i~
.asst•rh-d trul' Oowl, Jrt'ftt>ratinJr a 8 intc•rru11t. Bit 1 in th1• statu-: n •~i stt•r al,o
indi,·atl's if thl' rt>rei\'t' huldinJr rt•Jlister has data in it . \\'h,•n th.- n•t·t•ht• hold inJr rt•Jrister is rt•ad, R ·ROY JltH'S falst•, hit 1 in thl" status rt•J!i~tn i:- <·1,•.m ·<I.
and tht• rt-'t't'in•r plat·t>s tht• nt•xt ass,•mhlt>d data hytt> in tht• n •,·t-iH·tl hulel in~
rt•dster.
Tht'refort>, to r(>('l'h't> data, set Rxfo:N trut' by . ettinll hit l in tht• ~·umma nd
rt>t,tister. Wht>n t·arrier dt>tert is rPrt>iwd tru1•, tht' rt'ct>i\'t' r ht•J!ini; monitorinJ!
tht> data lint>:. Asst"mbl •d data i. plan•d in thf' rt'rt'i\'t' hold inll n •l,!istl'r and
RxROY bt'roml's true. A R int.-rrupt i Jlt•nt>ratt>d. Rf'ad tht• rt><·t•i\'l' holdinJl
rt>l(i ter, whic·h St-ts RxRDY fal. t' and clt•ars tht> inlt'rrus,t rt•Jli stt•r.
Tht' rec.. her bt•cumes di. ahlt'rl when t>ither tht• carrit>r dt•tt•,·t input tw,·om.,,
hiJrh, or t ht> R EN bit i · t·leart'd. If tht> rt'<' i\'t'r bt'C'omf> tli:-ahlt>d in th ... m iddlt·
of asiwmhlt.J a d,da bytt', that data h~ tt> i. di rard ..,I and no inf.irmat1tJn "'
plat·..d in th n•ct•h•· holclinll rt>Jli,;te•r

CHAPTER 3 I SEP.IAL LOGIC

Paramt>tt>rs s1JN·i(.)·inac tht> tYJK' or data you art• st•ndinl! or n·n•i\ inl,! ar1• 'l"'ei fit•tl usinac t ht• modt• rt•l,?ish•rs. Tht• RTI always 01wratt-s in :&!'~ n,·hronou, mrnh•
The t·h· rat·t.-r lt•nart h s1w,·i(irat ion is (or tht> numtwr of hit~ a,·t uall~ us,·tl in I h1•
rharartt>r. Parity hits, start hits, and stop hits art' nut in.-111,l,•cl in thi -. !--pt•1·ifi,·ation. Ir t>nahlttd h.)· . t•ttin~ bit 4 in the mudt• l r1•J! ish•r, th.-. tran smi ttn
automatic-ally add. a Jlarity hit to the data it has just !Wnt . Wht>n ri•r1•i,·inl!
data. ir J•arity is t•nahlt>d, tht• rert•i\'t>r ,·h,•c-ks th,· parity liit al,!ainst th• · rlata
and rt•J1ort s an t•rror in tht• statui- r1•1,tis1t•r if ttw 1,arit y hit clut•s not 111a td1 th,•
11arity of tht• data. Bit ;, in tht• mrnl 1 r1•1,?ish •r s1wd fi<'s 01l11 or .,,... n pa r it~ a ncl
has no mc•aninK ir parity is not t•nahlt>d. Stop bits art• st>lt•t·tahlt> ai- I. l.:1, or t
stop hit s. On transmit howt>\' r. if I.a stop hits ii. st•l<'c-tt>d. ont• st,,p hit will lw
St•nt . 1.5 sto11 hit s is st>t only whf'n rt•rt•iwd data hai- 1.:) stop hit s.
l\1cMlt> 2 r,•ari. h•r is ust>cl solt•ly fur ha111I rah• st>lt•rtion and applit'!'- hoth to data
transmittt-d and data rt•t·l'i\'M.
MOOEM CONTROL LINES

Tht> Sl.t s rt>rt>iw <·arrit>r dt•tt>c-t, t·l,•ar-to-st•nd, am l data :-ot•I n ·ad~ nwtl,•m
1·1,ntrol sil,!nals. A hiirh data s1•t rt•ad~· indi,·att•s that th,· t•,tt•rn.il tit>, il't' is
rt'ady to st•nd data; it t·an tw usNt ~s a 1,?t' Ot'ral purpos,· hand !'hakinl! siJ!nal. A
high data st>t rt>ady is oftt>n at·knuwledl,!t>d hy a high data tnmi11al n•atl~
sil!nal , incfo·atinl! th at tht• SLl' is rt•ady for data tran sfrr. r\ low on ,·arr:n
dt>lt-rt indirat"s that th,• (•xtt'rnal d.-vict• i. st•nding data . <'arrit·r d,•t1•1·t mu,t
ht.• low for the SLL re,· •~·t•r to tw 01>.-rati·.t>. (The rt•rttiwr mu,t also ha\t' ht•,•n
t>nahlt•d - et> abo,·t>. I ( 'lear-to-st•nd is st>nt hy an t>xtnnal rt•<·l'i,inl,! d.-,·in• in
rt>spons,• to the> SL 's ass~rtin;.: rP11uest -to-st>nd. Clear-to-send must h(• 111\\ for
the 8LtT tran mitter to ht> opt>rative. (Tht> traMmittt>r must also haH' hl'c' n
t>nahled -set> abo\'e. I

Tht- ~I.Is !Wnd d ta h•rminal ,...a,I) and r1•11u .. st-to-s.•n1I ru1Ml1·nt ,·,m trol :-ii!•
n.als. Roth . itrnals art•· s~•rt.-.t or ,ro low .i.., ... n,lin,: on th1• ,·ondi1111n of the·ir
c·orn•!olt••ndinar hit in tht> romm ncl , ..Kistf'r. Thu,;, writinK a om• tu 1,it 1 uf th,·
c·ommand n,ri. tl'r raui-t•. th•• :,;tr to :.ss..rt d.ata h•rminal r,•ad) lo,, . flat.a
ll'rminal rc•ad~· i. us..J to ""SIM•nd to an t•xtt'rnal de•, ir,."s rtata iwt r1•a1ly !olil!nal
(it'nl'rally \\'hl'n thl' l'Xh•rn:11 d,•,·it·t• rt•c·t•h·fls 1lata tf'rm ina l ri•acl) lo\,. it a:-:~1•rt s
,·arrit>r dt>h't'I and hl',rin~ !4t•ndin1t data. Rt'flUl'st -to-s.•ncl is ust>tl \\ h,•n the• SI.I ·
is transmittinar data. RfttUf"St -lo-iwnd is at"ftt'rall~· as ,.,, ..d luw to intnrol!:&h•
the• rt•mott" d,•,·i,·t•'s :&\"ail:ahility. Ir thl' r,•mott' rl.. , irl' is rapat.11• of re•1·1•i , inl!
d:1h1, it 1,ulls t·l1•:ar-to•s.•n1l low. This at·ti,alt•s tht' ~U "s tran,111 itt.-r and ,lat a
t r.&n. mi. ion ht,ri ns. Rt"CtUl'St -to•Sf'nd is ,·ont roll..,I h) s,•tt i nae ur 1·!.•a ri n~ hit :1
i11 tlw c-ommand n,rist..r. If hit 5 i. rl..artacl, hut th,•rt• is still data in th,·
transn1it . hi(t r..,ri. tf'r, rt•11m•st -to-s..nd will aro hiih one• c-1,IC'k t im,• afh•r th,·
la. t bit i. lransmittl'd.

•••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••x•
••••••••••••••••••••••••
••x••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
•

X
XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxx•x•xx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx•xxxxxxxxxx
•xx•xxxxx•xx xxx•x
•xxxxxxxx••xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx•xxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxx•••xxx
xxxxxxx•x•xxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxx•xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
x•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxx•x•••xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx••xxxxxx•xxxxx•xxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•••x•xxxxx x
xx•xxxxxxxxx •xxxxxxxx••x •xx•x•x•x•xxx xx••xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxx•x•x xxxxxxxxx
x•x••xxxxxxxxxxx•xxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx~xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

4
IEEE-488 Bus Logic

Chapt• 4
EE 488 Bus Logic
1111a,o,

ffml

FiMUft .t-1. IEEE Lnaric Sirnpliflf'd Bl~k Di
of th• IEEE I ~.

am. ummarize tht> o~ration

Th• IEEEl~c is impl•m nted u in,r a Texaaa ln11trum.ntA TMS 99l-lA
t:en•ral Purpoae lnt•rface Bu11 tGPIBI Adapi.r rhip. Ther. ar• also a data
hurr.-r. · siarnal buffer. and m• led lotrir. The d ta
tion of the TMS
9914A tran f•n data ht-tween the RTI DBUS and an intt"rnal data bus. The
d· ta butr..r tran fers data between th• internal data hus and remote devitts
o\·..r th• IEEE bu . The IEEE bus data lin att labled DIOl throu.rh DIO .
The TMS 9914A chip controli1 tht> data and il(llal buffers by ~nt>ratinar a Talk
Enabl tTE A or TE Bl ilPI I in its talk en ble (T)EN lotric. The intPrrupt lo.ric
t(t"nt>rat.-. t>ither IEEE INT or IEEE MAINT INT when servic.- is requestt>d
from th_. CPtr. The Write En hie tWRENI loeric is activated hy the WLB siarnal
from the CPU. This function writes data or control siarnals out to remote
d. it"eS. Th• SDEN sipal from the CPl activates the Data Input I DIN I lo.ric.-.
whirh read d ta in from r.mote devices and transfers it to the CPl '. The ehip
en hie EN lOl(ic is at-ti•.ated by either the SEL 2 or SEL 3 tSEL 6 or SEL i for
)tAINT1 i.cnal from the bus interface. The INIT ilCftal !rom the CPt . ac-ti\·att" tht" RESET lot(ic. The clock tCLK 11 sitenal 12.5344 MHz1 from the RTI
prO\·ides th• timintr clock for the TMS 9914A chip. The controller 1CTLR1 IOl(ie
~tivate th Direct •ontrol I OIR CTLI lo,cic or the ilCftal buff r . The internal
sitrnal hu tran rers eontrol sipals between the TMS 9914A and the i.rnal
burrer. The internal retristen of the TMS 99l-lA chip are addressed by the
rf'1(i ter !WIN't • RSI lines O throutch 2, which are activated by the ADD 1
throu.rh 3 ipals from the bu interface.
35

block di ram (Fiacure ,1-1) enables
i nal
ffer. Note that th.- only
u of either the SEL 2 or SEL 6
tion of the diagram.
Ii
fen control and handshakin a iacnals between the RTI
e •vw-es..

\'\, .f't

...

Sl'll't

,,.,,
q c •

,1 .. , •• ...... ,

•1 .,
(. fl•

Mt <; t (A
<;ll l Cf
At•r•

A<.(I

1••

l ,., .. , ,,_

., ,,
(

VIM/ •

C f 1A

' ..,.,

II • S

.. ,., .

AOU .'

•c;.

Al ' O l

II<; 1

ADO )

.., :

Af •, •Sf f A

Sh f Cf

...

C!,

•s 1

4-1
IEE Logic

OVERVIEW

It is lwyond the scope or this document to describe fully the use or the IEEE4 bus spec-ifiration. The rollowinJ,? de~eription should not be considered compreht-n. in•. Full detail on the IE14:F>I~ hu s1,ecifiratio n can Le found in the
IEEI-~-4
publication IEEE Sia mlttl'd Diyifal I nff!l'fare for P1·0,11·a m mabf<,
In frumf'11f,1lio11, number rnF,F. Std. 488-1978. A upplement to the tandar<l
as al o puhli hed by the IEEE in 19 0.

&£--. . LOGIC IOWJl •

- - - - - - - - - - o,o,

----------0t02
----------DtOJ
----------DIO•
-----aim

}

----------0101
----------0107
- - - - - - - - - - 0 101

lltflFD

}

- - - - - - - - - - DA"'

----------~OAC
ATIit
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :~,.

}

~ofler }

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S"<l

Mendlh-• L,,_
G.,,11rll lu1

111..,...-,., L•nw

- - - - - - - - - - 1 0 , 1("490, ,.,.,

C.llrallilles

Th..- fh·e eontrol lint's ar~ ATN, REN, IFC, SRQ. and EUI.
ATN

Tht• ATN tallt•ntion> lint' t·an he asst•rted only hy till' controller-in-charJ,..1f>. Th
~tah• of t lw ATN lirw ~ia.tnifit•s tht• meaning or th~ data line DIOI throuJ!h
l>IOS. Wht•n ttw ATN lint• is true (low•• the data line are carrying int rfa ·
,·ommancl:,;. (St•t• Fia,turP 1-10.> Whl'n the ATN lint' i fal 't> (hiJ!h>. th dat lintart• t·arryina,t tlata.

th s~·. h•rn rontrolhe ron t rollNI by it !4
t lo · », front 1.ant•I
r are ino1-.•rath·.-.
,,. t
al

controllt-d hy it:
te ,·it·P may
by thtt JU•:N
aift-cted
hf•
vices ·ill

ll'C

Th IFC (Interface Cle r> line can b. a. rted only by th sy. tem (·ontrollf"r.
n the IFC i. . . rtNI trlJtl (lo ,, the bus is pla ·.-d in a known idle state
equivale!lt to the po"'ttr up eondition.

MO
Th SRQ (Service Reque. U line may ht- a st>rted h)· any de\·iC'e on the bu ·.
hen a devit"e as~rts this line tru (low t, it is siacnalinl( the controll.-r-intharie that it needs sen ice. Generally, the controller-in-d1arace mu. t serially
poll all the devices on the bus in ord r to determin which de\·ice a erted SRQ.

The EOI ( End or Identify~ line can be sent by either a talkttr or a C'ontroller-int"harl(e. It ha~ t ·o meanin.cs, de1.endinl( on the current state of the ATN lint>.
hen the ATN line is false 4hiach t, the EOl line is t true (low) to indicate the
end of a data transmission. When the ATN line is true, the EOl line i a t?rt~d
true b,· the controll r-in~harace, initiatinl( l"Xt-cution o( a parallel poll of the
remote d.ivic .

IEEE ... BUS LOGIC I CHAPTER.

-·••illlU..

Th.. 1hr...- h nd. h,tL.inar lin..s ar.. llA \', NUAC, ancl SRJ,'O

Tht• l)A\" llt-,Oa \'alidt lint' is as!4t-rlttd low hy tht' de•dc·•• se•n1linl! ,lata 111
indit" h• 1ha1 it h:,s ju-.1 11la,·..,I \alitl cfata on 1h ,I.ala lint's.

-.c
Tht• ~l)A(' t'Sol ftata At·c·••111t•dl lin.. is u t'd h~· tlt•\·it·t's re•t·e•1\lnJ,! 1lata to
in,lie·ah• lhal the~· han• lalrhed 1h.. clata on th.. data lintt. into tht>ir rt"n•i-. ini
hurr.. rs. This lin• is t·all ..,I Sot ll ta Ac·t't'lllM h..t·au it use•s n..iat in• loacir to
inelic·ah• ,tt't't'IJt;enc•" uf 1h.. data. SU,\f' is k1•1•t in th.. true• stall• until th,• data
has tN•t•n latc·hf'd. Th" transit ion into I ht• false• f hitch I slah• in,lie-att•s ,lat a
.u·r•• t•1 a"''" .

...

Tht• SRFU I Sot R,•ad~· fur llatat lin" is u~•••I h~ ,1,•dc·c•s r,·n·idni 1lata to
in,lic·att' lhal lht'y ar•• nuw re•ad~ to r•••·••ht• the• n.. data hytt• from the• st'ndinJ,!
,lnit·t•. 'fhis lint• is t·all.,,I Sot Rt•acl~ for Jlata ht•t·au:w it use•s nt•J,!at iH• luJ,!ic· to
in1lic·ah• rc•aclin,•ss. SR•·u is L.,•11t in th,· tru.. stah• as lonl,! as a ,t,,, in· is unat.l,•
tu r,•c·e•ht• clata. \\'ht•n tht• d,•,ic·t• is r,•ad~ to rt>rt•ht• data, tlw \P.FH lin .. i,
fll :11·1•11 in the• foist• 1hiih1 slat ...

Th,· harul-.hakinl! lin,•s 01wrah• in t ht• fol hi\\ inl! nrnnn,•r fur th .. t ransfl'r or
data.
I.

:\II ac·tiH• lislf'nt•r · incliralt• lht•ir re•adin,•s!- to r1•r1•iH• 1lata h~ plat·i nJ,!
th,• SIU'() lint• in tht• fal ~· :-tat.,. Sine·"' tht• lo" stah• indi,·att•.., that a
,t,•,·ic·•• i:- nut rt•:uly for ,fat:a. a si nl,!lt• 1lni1·1• hultlinl! th .. SRFJ) tin ..
lo\\ \\ ill L.""I' tht• lint- low . In this way the• SRFH line• i:- nnl~· in th ..
false• I hii,!h I state whf'n all tit•\ it•f>s han• rt•lt>ase•cl th .. lint•. Thi.
t>nsur,•s that data lransmis~ion ot'(·urs al a SIJl't'tl st>I h~ tht• slowt'st
tl,•,·if't> on t ht' hus and I ha• all dt>\°i('t>S art' ahlt> tu rec·e•i\'I' data
c·onc·u rrt'n t Iy.

Whl'n th,, d,•,·if'•• s.•ndin~ data ltht• a('ti\'t" talkt"rl asiwrt s th" dat.&
lint's, it also asi.t•rt . th,• l>A \ ' lint• in the true statt' llowl This
io1lit·atl's that rnlitl data is no\\ on thl' hus.

OW'T£11 • I IIH-- au5 LOIIIC

...... t Ii tl"twr!i de-Ifft OAV in th.. tr&W . talt>. the•) s.•t ~Ifft»
tr . Tlw■ •ae-h Ii ltt11f'r I· tc·tw. tlw d ta lilk". to r••a•I the• ,tat a h) ,.,
and n-t. . t ht' SU Ar tin... 'h..n II listt-ne•rs h;m• r,,t .. ase••I I h..
Nil
li11.., tht- NUA!' rt-turns to tht" hiech state.

'h.-11 tht" t tk..r .t.-1 ...-t. that SHAC i. in tht• hil[h statt', it re•l••asf's
th.- O. \' liftt'.

'h.-11 thl' IL t ..n.,r. ct.•tt't"I that DAV L in tht- hi.ch stat ... and if t ht'y
ha,·• fi11i. h.-d prm-..!4sinac th.. I· tc-h..d data hytt', th ..y asst'rt t ht•
NH.-\{' i11 tlw low statt' and · llow SRn• to atu to tht• hitch stah'. Th.hand. hakinec St-qu•n.-.. he-acin a,rain.

-IJIIN

Th• data lin.-s art' laht•lt•,t nlOI throu,ch lllOH.
Tht- 1,•ast si,rnifit·ant hit of thf' data lint's is c·arrit'd on nlOI. Th,· most siinific-· nt hit is c·arri.-ct on ()IOfi'. The• data line•s us.- ftt't(ati\'t' TTL tTransistorTransistor l.•oarit•t. Th.. trut' stall• indit·,dt-!4 a 1 and is rt>prt•s,•nh•d hy a rnltaac..
ht-twt•1•n O and O.a volts. Th.. falst> stalt' indit"att's a O and is r1•prt'se•nft'd hy a
,·ohi&l(I• ir••at,.r th· n 2.0 rnlts and lt'ss than 5.0 rnlts .

..........

Any d .. ,·it•t• on tht' hus may ht• in ont• of four slah•s. tallwr. li,tt-nt•r, rontrullt•rin-t"harJ(t', and sy!4tt>m t·ontrollt'r. llt•,·kt's in th.. talk••r stah• art' st't up to
transmit data ac-ro,;s tht' HIO line>s. 0.•vi<"••s in tht> listt•ner state> art' st't up tu
rt"t·t'i\'t' data fron1 tht• lllO lint's. The• "ontrollt>r-in-t·harJ,!t' is th .. dt'dc·t> whic·h
d1•tt'rmint's what remolt' dt•,·it·t>s are• talkt>rs or listf'nt•rs and ('an control data
flow . Th.. systt>m rontroll, r is the dt'virt' whic-h i tht> t·ontroller-in-('harart'
wht>n power :s first ap1,li..d to the> hus, or ~·ht•n thf' hus is l'learf'd hy thf' IFC
line.
The sy tt•m <·ontrollt>r is by dt>fault the rontroller-in-charace when i.he hus first
ht't"Offlt's actin•. However, thl' sy-.tl'm controller can pa the <" •"ltrollt'r-in"harJ(t' fun"tion to otht'r de\'ices. In this ('3se, the system rontroller can hecom ..
a talkt'r, a listt>ner, both, or neither. The system controllt>r ran rt•J,!ain tht•
rontrollt•r-in-charl(t' state at any timl' by assertinac tht' IFC line. The system
<'Ontroller is the onb· device permitted to control the IFC and REN lines.
Tht> rontroller-in-rharl[l' device SPl'rifies whirh de\'ire are talkers or Ii h•ners
and can, in fact, adtlre!-ts itSt>lf as talbr or listener. The <·ontroller-in -c·harie is
the only dt>\'irt• pt>rmitted to control the ATN line .

•

IEEE-411 BUS LOGIC I CHAPTEA •

All .t.,·ic-ei1, rt11ranlless of •·hetlkor t.lley are tot1fil(UrM for talkt>r or Ii ·tt.tnt'r,
111ay ht- i H ac-ti,·• OIi
h·• sta . A ,·ite in a pas. h·tt. tatt> is not art..c·t ..d
h)· th• c·o11trol or h 11dshakintr li11•s a11d dws 1101 pl•• data on th.. data lint's.
Th.. RTI 111ay he ,·o fitrured to he th• system tontrollt'r, thf' f"ontroll4•r-inc·harlfl", a tal er, or a Ii t w.r.

.........

To fac-ilitatP 1•ro1rra111min,r for the IEEE--1~ hus, th .. TMS 9!tJ.IA c·hi11 impl4··
111•nhl solllt' u. ful features. These indude the uiw of auxiliary c·omrnancls and
DAC a11 RFD hohk,ff1.

• • ,ec

=•

uc-h of th• rompl•xity of th• hu. has hPPn simplifittd in th .. TMS ~t!♦ l I:\ c·hip
throuerh thtt Ul4t' of auxiliar)· eommands. The!W command:- allow c·ommonl y
u~I func-tion!l to he .,..rformt'd by writinar a command h~·tp to t h4• auxiliar~
c·ommand rc•,ristt'r. Somt' auxiliary commands are state d4•pc•ndc•nt ~that is, t hc•y
n1a)· he U!Wd only ,.hen the RTI is n ,ntrollt'r in c·har,rl', t'h'. Th.. auxiliar~
mmmand format includ•s a <'l•ar/ Set CC/ 81 hit whieh allows c·..rtain ft•attm•),
:-ealt't'tNI h)· an • uxiliar)' c-ommand to he turned on or off For t'Xampl ... the•
holdolt on all data I hdfa I auxiliary c·ommand, wht>n writtl'n with th.- ,. S hit
!Wt to I. 1•lac·t>s t hf' RTI in a holdoCf on all data mod ... I Sf.t• R... arl~ 1-'or Hat a
ltolclorf, t11•low. 1 This fl'atur .. then sta:;s in effl'<'t until th .. hclfa au~iliar~
c·ummand is writtc•n ,.-iih tht- C, S hit Sf't to 0. OthPr auxiliary ,·ommands an•
immt'diatl' t'Xt't·ution type and tht' C'/ S hit has no mt·anini for tht'm . Th.ft•aturt• st•lt'<'tl'd h)· the rommand occurs imnwdiatf'ly and th,· 1,r11-.cram

,·ontinut>S.

Tht• auxiliar~· c·ommands art' clt'sc·rib4•d in lht> Sf'f"lion llt-s<"ri11tiur.s of ,\u, iliar~

Commands .

....., .,. ........
Tht• RFD holtlorf is an intl'rruption of tht' normal sequt•nf't' uf handshakinll
This st•lt•<'tahlt• ft>aturt• allow. your pro,rram to examine th.. ,·u rre•ntly r ..,..,iH•d
h) te and to alter pro,rram flow if dt>sired. Whl'n an RFD hol<luff «K·c·ur:-., th ..
ac·re1,tor handshakf' s.-quen<'t> is not c·ompleted . En•n t huua,rh th.. RTI ha ..
rl't·t•in>tl l ht' data hytc•, if th., holdoff on all data (eaturt' i. ·(•lt'<'tt'Ci. t ht• ~ RF fl
lint> i. held low. Thi: put s tht• data oHommand St>ndf'r on hold Th,• ~RFU lin..
is not rc•leas..d until tht' pro.cram J.Wl'ific·all y writt's the au iliary romma a ti
rhiif lrl'lt'aSt' kf'(l holdoff1. Writinll thi s ,·ummand rausc•s tht' ~Rfl) lin,· t11 IL"
h11Lh , indi,·atintit that thl' RTI i:-. rt'acly to rl't·eiH• thl' nl'xt data hyt.-

CHWTUII • I •Hl--

lUS LOGIC

Tlli- llFD lloWuff,. ...,.. i. ,wleot-t..d h_\· • ·ritinar th.- hoa.torr on .. 11 ,lat a I h,lfa,
au iii~- t'0111111NUMI ·itll tll.- C I S hit !Wt to I . Thi. C' u s .-n R•'H hoMoff to
a ta h_\·t• i. I tf•h.-d into th.- data in r••a,!ist .. , . Writ in~ th••
utt r "'-..~ - ti
lldfa llokloff au. iii· r)· t·omnr 1111d with ttw ('/ Shit st't to O c·l,,_.,s th,· tffll
O.-~ri1,tif, ol ,\uxili· ry f"omm· nd. I
114.W..ff f•atur... 1.

r .-a111w simul · t.-.t h~-en· hlin,r tht- Kl I h~ tf' in I intnruJlt \\' h,•n
tlli i lt>rrupt i. . lfftNI. an ,\ i tt'rrupt i11 ..-nerat ..d a th.. data-in rt•l,!ist.-r
latf' s th.. data lin..s. Th.- SRFD lint' is h.. ld lo• until th.. clata-in '"a!istt•r i,
xi liar~· ,•ommand 01wr.dt' ind.-1wnd.>nt I~ . If you
• ·rit tht' hdfa c-omm· nd • ·ith tht' (' 1~ hit !WI to O Ito c·le•:tr Rl-'ll holtloff,1. hut
It-an• the Bl int,•rru1tt unmasbd, Rfo'O holdoffs still uc·t·ur "'""'Y time• a data
~-te i11 I· tc-hf'fl into th.. d· ta in rt'lfi. t.-r. In this instanc•f', howt'Vt'r, usi nl,! tht'
rhdf · u,ili· r)· rommand i. not n..c-..ssary sint·t' , ..acfinl,! th•· ,lat a-in , ..~i st.-r
n-1.-auw the- • t'I) lin...

Tlw RI i t rrupl alld lldfa

In ; I , SC i9 R
Th.. data .,...,•.,,,1...t holdorf IU.-\C holtlofrl is ~ imilar to th .. RF'Jl hol,loff. t,ut
arfl'4'ts the SHA<' lint' in. vad. Th,• llAC holdotr is an int .. rrupt 10n uf th..
normal iw11ue•nt·• of hancl. hakin,r. This s••lf'C't· hi.. r..atur•• allo•s ~our 11ro)!ram
to •x· min• tht' c·urrf'ntly ,.,c·••ivt'd h~·tt' and to alt .., 11rcll,!ram flu• if ,l..si rt'd .
Wh.-n a (}A(' holdnrr O('('Urs. th .. ac·c·••vtor han,tshak,• St'lfUt'R<'t' is nut com ,.1 ..,Nt. F.\·.-n thuuerh thl' RTI ha: rN·.. in•d th.. data hyt ... if tht> TlAC ho'41off
fc•atur.. is M-l«t.-d, th.- SOAf' lint' is h.. ld lo.- . This JIUtl'- tht' data or c·ommand
!Wnder on hold. The proerr.am , ... umt's data tr.ansmission b) writintt th .. au~iliary rommand dat'r Crt'lc•as.- UA<' holdoffl. 'ritinar this rom manel <·aust- · th.NOA(' lint' to tf11 hi1th. in,lic-atinac that the> RTI h· . '"''"i w d th.- data hyt ...
-

Thl' DAC holdoff i iwlt'<·tt••I by l'nahlini tht> int.-rrupts .-hic· h <·aus.- [).-\f'
holdoff . The follo•·inac intt'rrupt. t·ause OAC holdo(ls wh.. n th .. intt'rrua,t
rondition oc:rurs: GET terroup exl't'Utf> trilO(t>rl; ('SC cunrt'C·otcniz..d c·omman.t 1:
APT Caddrt>s!4 pas throuacht; IK'AS 1tlevit·t> t'll'ar statt>I: and MA cmy adclr.. -.s,.
s.... lnt.-rrupt Statu~ R.-,ci sll'rs and [ntt>rrupt ~as~ R••~i stn~ Th,•r.- j., no
auxiliary c·omm:tnd for t>nahlintc OA<' holdoff .
PIIOGIIA-ING tNFOMIATION

Tht> IEl-:E rel(i!-tl'rs ha\'t' ad,lrt>sst>s ran~intt from 1777.-,t'~I to 1777.-,:!:lti. th.[f.EE MAIST rt'l(i . tn a1l1lrt'sSt'-. ranac1• from Ji7i.-,:.>till tu t7i7.-,:!7ti Th•• maint.-nant'l' !W<'t ion i us.-d in fonjund ion "it h t ht• 11-:t-:E 11t,rt to tt•~t th .. func·t ion.al -

•HE ... eus l OU(

(. H APT( ~ .

it)· o( th• hu. and 1t:•:1i: loarit' llurintc l""'·.., -u11 !if•lf-h•i-1, th,· 111 -, in h ·n,1111·,·
s1•t·lion ht-t•oftW. at·th .. al ..:•:•: hui, ... t.t,,•s~ :io. "hilt· 1h,· n11ri1 1,d lt-:t-:t-: purl , ..
:1-..;i.cn...1 .....,,... '" ... Ar, .. , the• i-t>lf-t .. -.t e·om11lt'tl' ... th,· 111,tinl,·n.inn· ,,•c·fiun ...
loarirall) di~·un n..c·t...i fron1 the• 1t:t:t-: hus.
Tahl... ,1-1 • nd .t-2 ht-lo" Ii. t th., T. S !f!tJ aA R..acl anti Wr it ,· H,,._.i,t c•r .. ~ .. t,·
that the• ln~ie· rt'aels lh,· a1Mr1•:-:,,t•~ t,'.\ luukinar at ttw a,1,lre ·,, l11t .. I. :!. and ::.
t·orr..s1,undiner to th.. All() I. 2, · nd :1 --i.cn· I. .

,_ . ,

..................
..
...•11,.
7

t i7752120)

10 0 0 0

Int rrupl Status 0

177752122)

0 0 10

Interrupt Status t

1i7752(24)

0 t O0

Addr ss Status

177752126)

' 0

Bus Status

177752(34)

0 0

C mmdnd Pas::. Throu h

1/7752(361

I 0

Data In

..
·-·-

, ......2
IEEE-- L._ic Wrilc ft■ li•••

•11,,

,,..,.,., .....

177752(20)

0 0 0 0

Interrupt Maslc 0

177752(22)

0 0

Interrupt Mask 1

177752(26)

0 1

Aux1hary Command

177752(30)

0 0 0

Address

177752(32)

0 10

Serial Poll

177752(34)

10 0

Parallel Poll

177752(36)

1 10

Data-Out

The use of ea<·h rt-iislt>r in the ehip is dt.•·<·rilM'd twlow .

OW'TEA • I IEU-- IIUS LOGIC

to l)ffify the Jle:fo:t-; bus a.Mrfls. of tht4 throuih 0, hut :n (d,•,·imal • i: illt•~al.
h O i pos:ible, t'Xl't>pl th• t·umhin.ation
al 31,.

=~· 1•00+~1 MI MI .. I I I,,,..,..
GJ

DAT

.........
,....,
..........
... ...

•

AOOtllSS

. . . . . . .1

4-0

EOPA
DAL

DAT

A5-A1

-·-

. . .... ,11

Places RTI m dual prtmary addressing mode

Allows only one addrf'SS for RTI

Disables RTI as a hstener

Enables RTI as a listener

Disables All as a talker

Enables R fl as talker

User selected address for All. Can be any number
between O and 30 decimal (00000 and 11110 binary)

Bits 5 and 6, i( set, disable the RTI as a talker or listener, resp(>ctively. Writing
this register with bits 5 or 6 clear enables the RTI as a talker only or as a
listener only, respectively. Enahling the RTI as a listener or talker ho ·ever
does not place the RTI into the listener or talker states (LADS or TADS). Thi
must still be done e,qtlicitly by the controller-in-charge. However, i( the controller-in-charge addresses the R'fl as a listener (or talker), and the RTI i
disabled as a listener {or talker), it will be as if the controller-in-charl(e
addressed a nonexistent device. The dis;tble talker or listener (unction allows
you to use the same address on the bus (or two devices. For example, if you
assign the RTI address 1 but disable the talker function, address 1 on the bus
can be used Cor a different device that is a talker. When the controller-incharJ(e places a my talk address of 1 on the bus, the RTI does not recognize that
as its address since the talker function is disabled.
44

l([E .... BUS LOC.•C I CHAPTER.

allo,a·s two ,·oni-t'l"Ut in• I t-:t:t: t,u .. ;11lcln•.. ~•• ..
to he- a .. itrtwd to th.. ITJ . I( bit 7 is !lf>t, th.. w· st . ittnifinnt hit or an~ acl ln•-.:-11lial't•d on th.. lius is iernor.-d hy th.. KTJ. Thus," ht•n a111•m1,tinar to ,1,•h•t·t if it i~
t11•inar .Mldr.-sSt"d, th.. ITI , ...·oarniz.-11 as its addrt•ss any mah·h l11·tw1•,•n t,it:,; 1
t hruuerh I and the hu. · htr..ss. This · llows t ht> RTI tu tw ad,lr,•si-t•il th rouarh
two addf'tl~s; on.- with hit n .-,,ual to I, and on•• with hit It 1•11u:al to fl. Th,· 1,·a:--t
siernifit·.. nt hit of any iMklr.-!ls 1)1;,c·t'd on th.. hus is not lo:--1 ancl may ht• ,t.. tnmin..d h)· r.-aetin1t th.- ulJ•· hit of th.. ..Mr ss status r••acistn. Hual acl,lr,•:--si nar i-.
u~(ul if )·ou • ·ant tu ha\·.- iWf • rat.- addrt'sst-s for tht• kTI in '"" cliffn,•nt
st· ttts. For example, you m..~- • ·ant on.. ""ld,.. ss for tht• kTI as a tall..,·r an,I a
!Wit' raff addry
for th• RTI as a litilt-ner.

Tht• ,lual 1•rim;,ry addr..:.sin.r me

. ..........
--.

Tht- addr.. ss status , ..,rist .. , i., shown in Fi9!ur.. .J--t

ADDR ESS

lllAO

,......
.................

()Ilk. y

......

AIIIIUNlluluaftcCi.._,Dalc

.,
7

..,

REM

The RTI 1s 1n the remote state

The RTI IS 1n local lockout

LLO

0
5

ATN

The RTI IS not in local lockout
The ATN hne 1s currently true (lovv)

0
4

The RTI 1s 1n the local state

LPAS

The A TN hne ,s currently false (high)
The RTI 1s in the listener primary addressee state (LPAS) as
defined by the IEEE -488 standard The RTI has rece111ed ,ts
primary listen address and ft,~ LE iunct,on 1s read y to
receive ,ts seconda•, dddress

The RTI IS not in LPAS

CMWTl114l•U---LOIIIC

......

-Pl

...

•-•11112 .........
TPAS

The RTI ,s ,n the talker primary addressed stale 1TPAS) as
defined by lhc IEEE -488 standard The All has r ce,vcd its
primary talk address and the TE tunehon Is read f to , ceIv ·
,ts secondary address

0
2

115 n

LAOS

The RTI 1s not in TPAS
The RTt is in the hstener addressed state 1LADS1 as

defined by the IEEE -488 st ndard The RTI has recognized
,ts listen address and ,s prepared lo perform but 1s not
currently involved in data transfer t.wte This bit remains
set when the RTI passes into the hstener achve stat
(LACS)

The RTI has not yet been addressed to hsten
The RTI ,s 1n the talker addressed stale (TAOS) as dctmed

TAOS

by the IEEf 488 standard The RTI has recognized its tall<
address and ,s prepared to perlorm but Is not currently
m,olved in. data transfer Note This bit remains set when
the RTI passes into the talker active state IT ACS1

0
0

UlPA

The RTI has not yet bet:n ~ddressed to talk
This bit shows the least s,gn,ticant b•I of the most recent
address recognized by the 9914 This hit Is useful when
us,ng dual primary addressmg (S e Address Reg,st , I

NOTE: Tht- addN'IIS 11tatus n,ri11t,r obtains its infurnuation from th1• T~IS
!'!II IA rh1p al I h.- tim• it i11 ttad.

A111. .,vC-NIR1II••

Thta auxiliary rommand ret(istt>r CFi~re 4-5 1allows ~·ou to perform l'omnwnl~·
u!Wd lunc-tion of the IEEE bus by writintc a sinacle command . Tht> rommands
th.. ms.>l\'e. are deS('ribed indh·idually belo,~•Bit O throu,ch 4 are used to· spedfy the desired rommand. Bits 5 anrt 6 ha\·e
mt>anin,c only when the~· are part of the set software reset rommand .

•

IHE .... MIS LOGIC I CHAPTEA.

......
n a cc--••• s
-...

···--

0 7 i Ill r ■•••-s••-

...,

•• a

C/ 5

Clear Of set operation (where applicable)

SCEN •

s SI m Controller [Nahl ' 1

SC .

Syslem Cont:ollcf ( 1

4-0

f4 -FO

Auaihar command

Enablel

S~stem Control , 0 - Slave )
1 1See Au1111ta,

Commands I

~om,• or th,· .auxiliary ,·ommands malw u!W or hit 7, th,• ,·1,•ar ' !wt hit. Tlws,•
mmmand .• ·h•n • ·r:th•n with hit 7 se•t ... n hi .. .e rl'atur,• whi,·h
s in ,,rr,,,.,
unt ii t ht• ,·omm nd i. "rittl'n \\'it h hit j St-I to 0 . Tht•s•• ,·11mman1! .. ar•· li .. 11.. 1
ht•luw. Th.- ('/ S hit i.• hown a. lil r .

~,a~

lliio.ahll' • II intt•rrupt.
I loldorr on all d ta
I luldorr nn EOI only
l.i tl'n only
Rl'll'a. llA<' holdorr
J:.-.i..it':tt 1•arallel poll
Rt'quf". t . •n·irt> hit 2
Rt•turn to loral
.. nd intttrran- rlear
.. •nd remott> t-nahlt>
Shadow hand. h ktt
Short Tl ttlin,c timt>
Sortwart> rt> t
T lk onl)·
\'t>ry short iwttlinl( timt>

dai
hdra
hdrt>
Ion
dM"r
rp1>
r. v2
rtl
. ir
Sr\'

shdw
stdl
wr t
ton
\'1-td 1

rOOIOOI 1
•◄ ••00011

rflflOOHNI
r(NIOIOO

c-0000001
t◄lOOl 110
c◄ IOl lCNlO
r(NIOOl 11
rOOOll 11

t-OOIO(lfW)
tffllOllO

r0010101
rOflOOOOO

t-000l fllO
c◄lOIOI 11

111a11d
')' N

Tlwol
ah' •·riu.-

t•ur

..,....,

ht- ••••
NNIIIII

Gn to

·mm.di , .... t'C'Utio11 l'Hnanmncl. . \\"h,·n tht•y
ntl r.,ri. h•r, th . ll'C'httl lum·tion ••·•·urs anti
tyaw uf romm· nd"- hit •· ~ho" n ils an
1w . I or rlt-ar. Th.- :mmt•tliuh• ••wt·ution

... r
,,.
ft

!C'OlldU')·

0001011
xOUU0101

phi

. flOIOIO..
~fNllOOUl

rhdf
,.

. tllfNIR010

t EfM true • ·ith •xt h)·t•

(f'Oi

fNllOOOl
OINtltlOO

Tak• ru11tnll )·nc-hmnou I)·

tr
trs

xOOUllOl

Tu• mntml a )·nrhro11ouMly
•

12 ISi

a ti n

n , Ca

x1Nltt1 too

•=•

11, th• uxiliary romm nd. an- ti•. ·riht-d. Tht• ,·ommand
On tlw lolte.·i119r
lorm t i ho ·n •·ith tlw I• 111 ~ilftlifir nt hit of th.- rommand hytt> · t th,•
ri1rht-h nd ide. m hit may 1w •ita..r one or z..ro in th•• rommand h)·tt•:
"x'" nd m y bea thouarht or u "don't (·ar,•"hits. Wht•n tht•
thne ,. hn·n
uxili ')' NHnffl nd i th• rlear/ ~ •t tyJW, ht•t h th.. rlt•ar · ncl iwt t·nmmands ar,•
. ho ·n. h•n th• rommand i an immediat t'xttution tyJW, th••('/ ~ hit I hit 71
is 1ho•·n a an "x."

Name

Mnemonec·
Clear command
Set command

Disable all interrupts
dat
00010011
10010011

The dai rommand allows )"OU to ~u. pend inderinitt>ly th .. ,ct•n••rat ion or an) A
intt>rrupt . The . t dai rommand di!lahln the ahilit) or an)· unmasked intl'r•
rupts in th• interrupt m . k re,rister to tcenerate an A interrupt. It clues not
rh nll(P th• rontent or the interrupt mask rearister, how1•ver . Sin('t- tht> intt•r•
rupt are di bled, DAC holdorr do not 0ttur. RFD holdolC. ii enablt>d hy tht>
hdla or hdfe rommand , are not arreeted . The clttar dai rommand r('(>nabl.-. th.interrupt m k rt'l(i ter's ability to .cen~rate A interrupt ~. The dai ,·ommand is
ther~rore u!M'd to temporaril)· disahl .. the ('(feet or th•• int,•rrupt mask
n,ri t n .

•

1uE •

Name

Go to standby

Mnemon,c
Command

gts

aus l oo,c I CHAPTEA •

•0001011

nd raa 1w used only "·h.,n th.. JtTI i. th,· ••11ntroll.. r-in-t·har~•··
'httR thi t·o111 and is wriu.. n. th .. ATS lin .. lif'll'. fal:w .

Th• 111

.-0111m

Name
Mnemonic
Clear command
Set co,~mand

Holdoff on all data

hdta
00000011

10000011

Thtt hhlduff on · II data ron1mand eontrols "·h.. tht•r RI-'() holtlorts ar•· in t•rft•t·I
Thtt •t hdfa t•onamand plac·•s th• RTI in RFD holdorr mod... and an fffl I
holdofr orrur. ..n•ry tim• a n""' d· ta h~-,.. is latt-h..d in tht' data-in r..~il'lt .. r.
t!w• RFU llflldoff · hon•.t Th• Ii'() holdoff is , .. t.-:t!Wd uni~· wh.. n th,· 1,r11,!ram
"·rit• th.. rhdf rommand. Thi' c·t..• r hdfa t·omma nd rt'mm••s t ht• RTI from RF'U
holdt.tf m,..t... and th.. SRFD handshakinar lintt 1:- ('ont r11ll••1I auton1:a1 i,·all~ t.y
th., RTI a" t'at·h data hyttt i. r•t·•in•d.
Name
Mnemonic
Clear command
Set command

Holdotf on E01
hdfe

00000100
t 0000 t 00

Th.. :,wt hctr.. ,·omman•I plan•s th,• RTI in th•· holtloff on 1-:0I m11il•· · In this
nunlt>, tht' RTI f'nt .. rs an Rf'lt holtloff "ht'n it dt•lt't·ls th,• ..rul uf a data :-trint!
mt'ssai,•. This nu-ssa,r.. is th,• 1i:01 line• trut• while• th .. ATS lint• is fal:t• i:O:,,.,
Rt•ad~ for Uata lloldorr ahovt'. I Th .. 10'0 holclorr must tw rt•l•• ....•••I h~ "ritin~
tht' rhctr t·omman,I. Th .. t·l ..ar hdft> c·ommand rt>movt>s th., RT( fr,in1 thi, nwd,• .

CNll'liR • I

•u.-- LOGIC

Nlnle
Mnenlonac.
Clear COfMland
Set command

Listen only
Ion

00001001
10001001

The IN ronunand is uawd •·h•n th• RTI is th• rontrollttr-in-rharac•• and wisht•s
to t it!Wll up to liaten. Jr th• bus ha no current t'ontrollttr-in-t·harj(t•, Ion
to11hl al hf' ullf'II to mnfi,rure th• RTI. The wt Ion t·ommand 11lat·,•s tht> RT)
i11to t.11• li11t.n•r addN'M!Wd state cl.ADSJ. Th• c!Hr Ion command r.-mon•s tht>

RTI from th• listener state H.. AOS, LACS, etc. I. Not.. that a bus intl'rfat't'
fOlllmand could alao remo,·e the RTI from the listener state.
Name·
Mnemonic.

nbat

Command

•0000101

New byte available false

This rommand is ulled only in th.. rollowin,r l'irrum. tant•e. Ir thtt RTI is a talkt•r
and hu plaet"d a byh~ in the data-out re1ri ter, hut an inter(&r.- t·ummancl or
o!h r interruption prev.-nts th.. b~·t• rrom b.-in,r st'nt, that bytt• is stort•d . cSt•t'
Oata-Out Rel(ist•r hf'low.1 Wh.. n th• ATN line aacain ,rot.•s fali.tt, th,• hytt' is
normall)· plat-ed on the data lines. Thi. rommand i~ u~d to ~upprt•ss th••
transmi!IRion of the hu(fer.-d hyh• and should h.. writtt•n ht•fort> th♦' ATr-.; lintt
return to falw.
Name
Mnemonic

Command

Pass through ne• t secondary

pts
•0010100

The pts rommand allows a remote device to ronfiacurtt th•• RTI for a 1>aralll'I
poll. It is uRed in ronjunrtion with the UNC (unrt>t·~ni1.ed command I intl'rrupt . Ir tht> UNC interrupt is enabled, the ppr (parallel poll confi,rurel interfal't>
rommand t'auses an interrupt. Your pro,rram then examines the cont t>nts of
tht> rommand pass throu((h re1rister and determines that the command is a PIX'
rommand. When you write the ptMauxiliary command, the next rere:ved byte
also t·au,-.s a tTNC interrupt and your prol(l'am can obtain that byte from the
rommand pass throu1eh re,cistt!r. This byte should tN» the ppe (parallel poll
t>nableJ interrace command from the remote device. Your prOKf'am then configures and enables ror the parallel poll .

•

IHE-411 IUS LOGIC f CHAPTER 4

Mnemonic

Release control
rte

Command:

x0010010

Name

Th• rlr tomm nd i uiwd to pa. 11 runt rol rron1 th.- RTI to a not ht•r d, ,·i,·•• on the•
hu . The rommand m )'ht-written only wh•n the RTI is <'urrt•ntl~· tht> t•ontrol1.-r-in-rh • · Tlw rommand is ullt!d fter th• RTI has !4t•nt tht• TCT tt.alw
rontroO i11t rf· N' m1•a•aw to anoth r dt1,·ire. Th• rl<' <'ommand t·tm11lle•h•s the•
h· n hui
uen h)· rel in,r the ATN OettinK it ,rt, hiarh1. Th.- othe•r
dto,·itt then ht-rom.- the mntrollt>r-in-char,ce.
0

Name:
Mnemonic:
Clear command:

00000001

Set command.

10000001

Release OAC holdotf
dacr

It a DAC holdott h 0tturl'NI, the elear dacr rommand rt•lt•as.•s tht• llAC
holdoK 1-i,·•• TJAC lloldotr abo,·e.> The RTI t n thPn rt•<·t•in• tht• nt>xt hyte• of
data rrum th.- tran milter. Th .. hand11hakinar t1t.'f)Ut'nt·t> is hantlll'd automatirally onci' the n-le
DAC holdorr rommand is ,nitten.
ThP 14l"t d•r has meanintr onl~· if the data byte just rt'ft•i\'l'd was a st•t·ondar~·
addn•gs. In thi11 t'\'l'nt, tht> C/ S hit i uMttd to indicatt> that tht• ,lata hytt• was a
nalid M'C'ondar~· addreicfl. If Ow data byte was not a ,·alid s,•,•ondary addn•ss, t ht>
dt•ar da.-r .-ommand ichould ht' written.
Name

Release RFD holdott

Mnemonic

rhdf

Command

110000010

Tht• rt•lt>a11t• Rnl holdorr <'omm: .nd relt>aM>s a rt•ady for data hulcloff Is•••· lffl\
lloldorr ahm·.- I. Tht• C I S hit is ,1ot aJlplit·ahlt! and <'an ht• 1•ither O or 1.
Name
Mnemonic
Command

Request co.,trol
rqc

• 00 1000 1

Tht> r<1<' romn1and i. US41CI wht•n the RTI i. not rurrt>ntly controllt-r•in-l'har~l'
and ha. rttein>fl thl' TCT ltakc• <'ontrol I mes. at,te Crom the <'ontrolll'r-in-charJ? .
Thl' T<i nw:sat[«' is rt'l'ot[nizt•d b~· the unid~ntified <'ommand pa ·s throu~h
ft•aturt>. Wttt•n tht' RTI rt'<'t>hr th" TCT <'ommand, the rt1s l'ommanrl . hould ht•
writtl'n to tt,e auxiliary <'ommand ret(i:h•r. Wht-n tht' RTI dt•te>f't s that thl'
51

ATS iiM i f I nhi i dontt autom titall~·: ~·our 1•rc-.rr· m clm•s not haw tu
monitor ATNt, th.- RTI t"1tl•rM th• t•ontrcaller at.'tin• st t.- ICAC'~t :uul now ha:-!'1tntn•I of th. hu. a. t'cantrull•r-in-.-haf'lle.
Name
Mnemonic
Clear command

Set command

Request parallel poll

rpp
00001110
10001110

Thii1 rommand may ht- u. t'd only "ht'n I h,· RTI i!I t ht' c·unt rollt•r-in-c·harl!•·.•mil
thtt ATN lintt i11 a. iu•rtttd. Tht' rt•P c•omn,:,nd plac·t>. tht' 1•aralh•I 1,011 int..rfac·c•
C'umm nd on th.. d ta lin . Th.. r"motc• dt•,·ic-c•:-- rf's1auncl hy 1•1:u·intr lht•ir hit of
~ tatu. information on tht" data lint' assiarn,-d to that d..,·ic·t•. The• hyh• r,•pr1•s1•nt inar th• de,·in-11' n-s1N•n. s ran 1h.. n ht• n-ad in the· c·omnrnnd 11as, thruul!h
n,ri. tttr. A minimum dt•I ~· of 2 mic-rost'l·onds should ht• :11low1•il afh•r \Hit ina:
tht' rt•P c-ommand t)t'fore n•aclini th•· ,,.,mmancl 1,ass throuJ!h n•,.d stn. The• .-1,•ar
'IJP tomm nd relea s the ATS line•. c-om1•lt>tint[ the• 1mrall1•l 1,011.
Name
Mnemonic:
Clear command

Set command

Request service btl 2
rsv2

00011000
100 11 000

Thfl rs,·2 rommancl 1aro,·idt's a st•t·uncl nwans of r1•11u1•stin1t iwn in· ot hn 1 ha11
tht' rs,·I bit in the St•rial poll rt'l(istt'r. \\'he•n tht> i-t•I rs,·2 rommanrl is \Hittt•n .
th.- SRQ line ii, as!Wrtt'd tru,•, nutif)·ini t ht• ront roll1•r-in-c·har1t1• that th,· HTI is
rt•c1uC'!ltin,r iwrvic-e. Whttn the• c·ontrollc•r-in-c·hart[t' polls th,· RTI for th,• c·on tent!I of th.- serial poll rcaacish•r. th•• ~RQ lin,• is re•lt•as1•1I to th,• fal s1• stat•• Th,·
t'lt"ar rs,·2 rommand al!W> rt>l..-ast's tht> SRQ lint• in th,••· , nt that th,· 1·11ntr11lle•rin-thal'l(t' does not respond lo th.- sttrdrt' r,•qu(•st and you "ant ~·our prol,!ram
to relt1ase SRQ.
The nn-1 hit in the serial poll rl't,Eistt•r and thtt s,•t rs,·2 c·om mancl hoth ,·ontrol
tht1 SRQ line. Howe,·er, you hould USt' only on€' or the othn to rt'c1u1•st snvi,·"
from tht' rontrollt>r. The !H't rs,·2 c-ommand s.-ts th.- r vi hit th.- iwria l 1111II
tatu. me~~altl' and, when polled by the rontroller-in-c·harK", asst-rts th t' 1)107
line true, thus identifyinac the RTJ as the devi<'f' whil'h r"qut•stt•d sen·i,·1•.
Howe,·er, when used in this wav. lht> rs,·l hit is rleart'd wht1n tht• c-ontrollt>r-inrharit- rt1ad tht> serial poll r~itisll'r. Thu • to reque t iwrdr,• usi ni t ht> r" ·2
<"ommand. you should haw prc.>,·iou. ly writt Pn a status word to th,• !wrial 11011

1£EE-411 IUS LOGIC CHAPTER 4

ftllli t r Cwitll n,·J t"I ar». Thi11 could pt•rha1,11 he done durin.r ronfi~uration of
the RTI (th• 11et ••·nt 11tate». Then. to request &ef\.-ice. write tht• st>t rs,·2
toRIIIIHd to th• auxiliar~· n,mmand re,cister. The SRQ lint• arot•s true; tht•
n••troller-in-rhal'l(e n-adM th• serial poll N'l(ii&ter, identifie11 tht> RTI as rt•c1uestor t1inre th• Dkl'l line h1 true, and determines the RTl's !'talus from tht• olht>r
. ,·en hit11. Aft r the rial poll na,rister is read, the SRQ line is s..t falSt•. It is
not ffftlllllll')' to write th• rl•ar r11v2 auxiliary rommand if th.. rontrollf>r-inrh
,.._.. the rial poll rearister. Wh.n )'OU •·i h to request ser\'ift> aarain.
•·rit th lW't n,·2 rommand aacain. See St"rial Poll Rearister.
Name·

Retum to local

Mnemoruc·
Clear command

rtt

Set command.

00000111
10000111

Both the tWt rtl mmmand and thl' clt"ar rtl ,·ommand place th .. RTI in the• loc·al
. tat , a . . umintr that lot·al lorkout is not in ellt1et. If the RLC inh•rrupt is
t>nahled in intt•rrupt ma11k n-ari11tt'r O Chit l is set to l t, tht>n an A intt'rru11t is
l(l•nerated when thi. rommand is written. In the loral tate, th,• RTI d0t>s not
n•sJtoncl to an~· data or c-ummand on th.- bu.. When the iwl rtl command is
uiwd to plarl' thl' RTI in tht' loeal stall', the cl.ar rtl command must first bt•
writlt•n ltt•fort> the RTI will , .. turn to remote. The REN line will not .. rrect the
MTI until th .. de· r rtl C'ommand i11 writtt>n. If the> RTI is placed in loeal by tht•
t·lt>ar rtl c·ommand. tht• REN lint' t·an lJiat't' lh .. RTI had~ iu i.llt' ll'muh· :.tah• at
any timt'.
Name

Send ,nterface clear message

Mnemonic
Clear command
Set command

00001111
10001111

SIC

This auxiliary ,·ommand. whirh ma~· he us.-d onb· when tht' RTI is tht• sysh•m
runtrollt•r, ,·ontrols tht• IFC c·ontrol line. The set siC" command asserts tht• WC
lint> trut•. This nwssaact' is an IEEE--lk dt>fin.-d messa~e to C'IPar the hus
intt•rfat·e. All r.-mott' dt>\'il't'S stor, any data transmission and rt>turn tu idle•
stat<••. The IF.F.E-.a~ standard sets a minimum timt> or 100 mirroset·unds for
IFC tru.- to dt-ar the int.-rfal"e. Your pratcram, therefore. hould han• a wait
ryclt> of at 1..ast JOO microset•onds fur tht> interfaC'e h> be elt>art-d. Th .. c-lt•ar
C'ommand is then written to plact> tht> IF<' bark in the falst' stall".

Mnemonic:

Send remote enable
.,.

Clear command:
Set commana:

00010000
10010000

Name

re rummand, whit"h ma_\' be used onl~· y.•hen th• RTI is t hl' sysh•m l'ontrolr, eoatrol the RE. c•mute Enabl•> control line. The St>t srt' l'ommantl
rt t IEN li11• true, 1•1· inar dto\·iet1s on th bus in th• r..-mottt 11tat..-. Tht>
tay true until the cl ar • re rummand is •·ritt•n.

The

Set EOI true with next byte
feoi

•000 1000

TM Rt EOI true command, or fortt EOI, ii. ui.ed t.o indiratt> th•• ..-nd d:ata
strinar mHB11.-e. \Vht'n thi. rommand is written, tht' 1o;o1 .ccws tru.- :as soon as
th• n.-xt data b~·te is transmitll•d by the RTI . The EOI r.-turns to falst• wht-n
th• attt'ptor handshakintr M>c,ul'nct> t"ompletes.
Name:
Mnemonic·
Clear command:
Set command:

Shadow handshake
shdw

00010110
10010110

The shdw command is used only wh(ln the RTI is the l'c>ntroll(lr -in-l·hartte. It
allows thl' RTI to partiripate in the listt>nt•r arreptor handshakin.c st•qUt•nt·t>
• ·ithout at'tually recei\•ini data. When the set shdw command is writtt•n, the
DAC line is asserted true ror 1.2 microserond (3 dork <'Yrlt>sl a. soon as th.DA\' line is true. As soon as DA\ goes ral!4e, the NRFO lint' is allowt-d to io
(alte. This simulates the handshakintr . t>quence that orc·ur wht>n data il-1
rettived. Arter the set shdw command is written, tht> RTI 1,er(orms tht- . hadow
handshaking sequence e\'ery time the DAV line t,toes true. The rlt>ar s hdw
rommand remo\·es thl' RTI Crom the shadow handshakini mode of 011t•ration.
The shadov.· handshake is particularly useful in t"onjunrtion with lht• trs Uaktcontrol s~·nchronou ly) auxiliary command. If your proteram issut's tht- shacluw
handshake auxiliary t"ommand be(ore i suinl( th.- t<' <'ommand. tht> RTI will tw
s~·nchroniZl'd with the other cle\:ice . ATN will not be asiwrted as a rt•sult oft h.tt"S rommand until tht' end of any data tran fer ..urrently orrurrin~. Thnt'fore.
any d ta tran (er occurrin.c when th(> l<' · t'omm · nd i. writtt>n will not be lo~t .
If you • ·ant to allow multiple byh1 transft>rs to <·ondud .. hf.fort> thP RTI takt's
control ynchronou ·ly, tht- E~I) interru1,t ·hould tw t•nat.l .. d Y"ur inh•rrupt

I([[ . . . BUS LOC.IC I CHAPTER.

,-•ni4·.. routi11tt t"ilR tlwn i11 1W th.. It". t"ommand and t"l,•ar I h.. i-haclow h.and •
-.h;aL,·. ii the ih'fl. This strat ..ao· · llow!4 all daha trand•r to c·umplc•h• tN•furt• th,·
KTI litLt". rontrul s~·n,·hrunuu. ly .
Name
Mn monic

Short T1 scllhng time

Tw, c T1 command

00010101
10010101

11 command

sld1

Th,· . tdl c•omn,an,I allo•·11 you tu alh•r th• hul' ...u linar tim1•, Tl. If I h,• s,·t l>ltl1
•·ununaad uh.. ('/ ~ hit ieet to 1, i11 writt•n. th• hus iwtt linar t imf' is :.t•t to i .-1
mit"rn. ~·011d11 f6 c·klt"k c·yc·lt110. If the l'l•ar Mtdl comm.and is writh•n. th .. hus
*'ulinar thn iM iwl to •U mirrutWt·ond. CII rloc·k r~·rlt•. I. Th,• c1.. rauh Tl s.•ttlint,!
li111t• i11 4.-t mic·rott("('Olld11.

Name·
Mnemonte

Software reset
swrst

Clear command·
Setcommand

00000000
1··00000

Th,• MJltware re11et t"nmmand is u11t-d to hrinar the RTI to a known icllt• statt> on
thl' hu11. Wht1n lhl' Mel swr. t t'nmmand is writtt>n. the RTI t•ntttrs tht' followint,!
u:a-:•:-.a dttrined statC"S:
SIDS

Soun-e Idle State

CIOS

f'untroll,•r Idle State

AIOS

Attt"ptor Idle State

LOCS

Lot-al Stale

TIOS

Talker Idle Stat.-

NPRS

Nt>t,tati\·., Poll Rc•sponsc State·

TPIS

Talker Primary Idle
State

PPSS

Parallt-1 Poll Standhy Statt'

LIDS

Listener Idle State

SPIS

Serial Poll ldlt• Statt>

LPAS

l~istener Primary State

The solt•·are reset stale is equh·alent to the power-on state While in thi
known idle statt>, the RTI should be t'onCil(Ured. This include writin~ th.addrttss rt'l(istt-r to dt>Cine th.- RTl's addre~s. writin.c the intttrrupt mask rttt,!isters to speeiC~· whirh interrupts are enabled, and writinar any auxiliary com mands such as holdorr on all data ChdCal that may bt• dt•sirt•d. In addition. if the
RTI is to be the ~· ·tem rontroller, bits a and 6 should tw :t't as des,·rilH•tl ht•low .
55

OWTIR • I •HUil lUS LOGIC

,\ft ..r tlw RTI i .-onliarunrd. th.- .-k-· r . •lt•·an- l'l"l44•1 .&uxiliar~ romman.t :--huulll
he- • ·ritt••· At that 1M•i111. tlw RTI i11 a lin.-d t'nlit~· on the• hus and m:t)
part it·ia,at .. i11 hu i11t•rwt io11 .
Rit11 5 and 6 of lht' •t. • ·rid •·omm· nd a,.. uiwtl lo ct..fin .. wh .. the•r or not th1•
Tl i lo 1w tlh-. ~-. tt'm .-ontroll..r. . lthouerh tht' rontrolle•r-in •t·hartt•· rule• t·an
c-untrol. tht'r.. c-an ht' onl.,· one• :--)·:--h•m
••· 1•"""' lwl• ...n ,t..,·in"II rapahl..
. Tlw 11~i&tt'm Nntrula.r i11 tht' onl~· dt•,·i.-.. that t·,tn :tssnt
t·onlrullPr UII tlw
r tht- u,•c• lin.. ht-c-omt' trut', ('ontrul al\\a~·s r••turn s tu
the• It~ lin...
t ht• s~·stt'm Ntftt mll•r.

·a.......,-..

The- ~•F.N ....t • hit. h.ll(l"lht'r d.-fin.. th• RT1"1t rolt• as it~·st .. m t·unlrolle•r. If
th.. RTI i. to 1w ronliarun-d a .~· tt-n1 •·ontroll•r. hoth th•• Sf"F.S ancl SC' hit s
• ·h..n th.. . t ,.,..NI ('omman,t i • ·ritlf'n. tThis is 11100000. 1
mu. I hi-

*''

Ir th.. ~•t:S hit i. ,,1.,, r COi, th.. ~•• hit is i.rncm•tl ancl may ht• e•ithc•r I or 0. If
thi i11 ttw (i~I !M.•ft•·art> nose-I t·urnmand. tht' RTI is not ronfiacurt•d as th ..
s~·. lt•m t·onlroll,•r If th.. RTI wa. ,.,.. ,·iousl:. t1.. rint•d as the• s)·st .. m c·untroll,•r.
· nd 1tw ~•rt,un- , .. ~, rommand i. writt ..n • ·ith th.. sct:s hit ,.1 ..ar. th,• ltTI
• ·ill ff'main th• . ~·. tt-m c-ontmll•r.
Th.- RTI .- n ,ri,·• u1• ill' !ltatus as sysl .. m conlrotl .. , . llu•t•,·••r, this is nut
n't·on,m .. nd..d as tht> 1 ►:F.t: stan,lard dt•fint's tht> hus as ha,·inac only one• . ~s1t•111
,-.,ntrou .. , . The• RTI. ho\\'t"\'f>f, ,·an , ... proacran,m,...1 to no lonac,•r ht• tht• S)' Sh•m
,·untrollt'r ii it ha: alrt•ady t•-..n d,•fin.-d as tht' s~·stf'm ('ontrollt-r. All a,·ti\"it)
on t ht• hus ntu!lt ('t"as.• and all dt'\'ic·,•s must ht' 1•la,·1•d in t ht>ir 1x1we•r-up stat .. s
for this •o happt•n. Ir tht• RTI was 1m• ·iously tht• sysh•m t·ontrullt•r, an1I thc• iwt
swrst comn,and i. ttt•inar us.•d to s1...-,·if) that tht>rt' is no systl"m (·ontrollt>r, or to
rhanl[I' t ht' rolt' of s~·stl'm t·ontroll .. r to anot ht'r d.,,·i('t' 1not rt•(·omnwn,lt•d 1. t ht•
SCF.N hit is iwt tu I and the SC hat i iwt to O This t·omhinat ion rlt>ars th•• RTl's
ronfiiuration a~ tht' s~·!'tem rontrollt>r.
Nott' that hits 5 and 6 of tht' auxiliary command hyt .. s hould tw ust••I onl~· for
. ystt'm ,·ontrollt'r dl'finitiun as part of tht' st>t !'wr t rommantl. Th,•y -. hould nut
ht> utWCI as rmrt of tht' c•lf'ar i1wr. t ('ommand and should ht• Zt'rtM•s . With all
other au iliary commands. hits 5 and 6 must hoth tw zero~s .

•

IEEE ·• • BUS LOGIC I CHAPTER •

--- - ....
'9111M

••

••
1

RTI becomes s stem controller

0/ 1

No change

RTI 1s no Ion

r s stem controller

NOl'lt: Th.. ~ hit i14 f'U:ARF.ll durinir 1•r1· hus in1tiali&.ah11n.

Name
Mnemontc
Command

Take control asynchronously

tea
xOOO 1100

The• tea l·ommand ,•un ht• u:wd onl~· whe•n tht' RTI is th,• ,•ontroll,•r-i n-,· harl,!t'.
Wh.-n thtt Mt't h'a ,...mmand is writtt•n. th,• :\ TX lint' h· ass..rtt•d t nw and an)·
data tr· n14n1ission on t htt hu sto1~- If t ht' hus is ,·urrt>nt I)· in t ht• 1,ro<·t•ss of .1
dat· tran. ff'r, tht' data 1ransf.-r is not allowt'<I to l'om1•lt•h•. an,I rial.a nrn) 111•
IOMt .
N me
Mnemonte
Command

Take control synchronously
tcs

x0001101

Tlw tl's l'ommand ran tw us.-cl onl~· wht>r. H" RTI is tht' ,·ontrull,•r-in -,·harit•
Tht• tc·s t·ommand allows th.. RTI to tak,• <•ontr I of th.- hus without t·urr\Jptinl,!
or lo intc any data transi r <"Urrt'ntl~· in I rotcrt•ss. Wht•n th,• h·s t·ommancl is
writtt>n, tht' shadow hanclshakinf,[ ,·ummand fshdwl should also ht- us,•11 to
allow tht• RTI to partidpat.- in th<> data handshakinac st•11u,•nt·•·· s.,., shdw
ht-low. Aftf'r th~· h's command is writtt'n, thl' RTI waits until th,• SRl-'I),
SDAf', and DA\' lint's art> all fals,•, th,•n asserts ATN.

•ru• -

e:• ,a• 1

LOGIC

Talk only

Nlme

MnemolMC

ton

Clear command
Set command.

00001010
10001010

TM tOII -,,111111 •di utWCI •·h•n th• RTI is the tontroll.-r-in-t·hart(t> and wiMht•s
t it II up to talk. II tlw bus hatt nu currHt tontroller-in-,·harare, ton ruuld
t.. ulled te m11fqrure tlw RTI. Th• iwt tun rommand places thf' RTI into thtst te CTADS». Th clHr ton mmmand remo,·es tht> RTI from
t I r ..W
tlw talk r tale (TADS, TACS, tc.». Nute that a bu11 int.,rfare ,·ommand rould
al re•ove th RTI from t ... talk r state.
Very short n delay
vstd1

Name:
ic:
M
T1 command:
Short T1 command:

00010111
10010111

,•stdl uxiliary romn1and allows further control or tht• hus iwttlinlf tinw.
Tl. Th• wt,. tdl command !ll"t!I Tl to 1.2 microllffOnds C3 rhK'k cyt·lt•s l rt•~ar,i1 • of any pre,·ious time dela~· t by the stdl command. Wht>n the c-l('ar shit
romm nd i ••ritten, the Tl time delay is set hark to whate,·t-r tim .. cMay was
pre,·iou I)' Bl)ffiried b)· the stdl delay. Jr thtt tdl rommand was not pr1>\'iously
•·ritten, the clear ,1stdl rommand n'turns Tl to the d..rault dt•lay of .u mi,·rosec.-onds (11 clock rycles).

C.wee..d ,.._ ll"1Lth Rt&ltac
The bit in the rommand pass throul(h reJ(istt>r (Fit(Urt> -1-fil always rt>flt•rt tht>
Nrrent state or the data lines in the bus. The primary pur1M1se or th is rt>Jrisf('r
is to read the data lines in the e\lent of unrecut{nized interfac-t> rommancls.
Un~nized int•rface rommand. will cau!lt' a UNC intt•rrupt if thi intt>rrupt
i •nahled in interrupt rt"l(i ter 1. The rel(ister can also tw u~ to rt>ad s«>rondar)· addresses in the e,·ent or an APT interrupt, pro,1ided the APT interrupt
has been enabled in interrupt l'el(ister 1.

I I I
01

•

I I
03

I I . .,_.
00

ADDRE SS

:~~ 0 1111 01 01 DUii ( 0 10§ 0 1()1 0 103 ( 0102 010 1 ln75234

,._.M
c,, :aod~~11....-,

1£EE·•

1.-,

aus LOGIC I CHAPTE9' •

r, ..,

thnM111h n,ri
i" al u!ll"d to N'ad tht> data lin,•s ·
I r It.I 1••11 I auxili ~ · ~•mn,and. A de•la~· of al lt•asl t
111ic-n . !C'Ollds • hould ottur ht-twN>n th• . I rpp auxiliar~· t·omm:,nd and th••
no i111r of thi "'Iii t•r.

,... t"OIII

INti. . u

rpp Cnoq

Ir •• .,

TIit' data-i11 n,rUer fFi,ruN" 4-7• i. u~ to N'N'i\·t• data wht•n lht• RTI is
c-onfi,ruN'd u a Ii ten•r.

(

•

AOOIIESS

=~~ 0 •• I0101 Io•• 1o•• Io•oe I0103 Io,w Io,o, 1, mma

...........,.,,

···--

'h•n thf' talbr M'rti- th.- OA\' lint• low, th., RTI ms listt•nn1 la1,-h.. s lht•
data on the d· ta lint's into thi. no,ci!4trr. tr ~-ou ha\·., l'nahlt•cl th,• Bl chytt- in1
intt1rrupt, an A intl'rrupt i. l(t'nC'rah'CI. At thii. time tht• RTI also asst•rts the•
SRFD tin. low, indic-atin,r that it is not ,_.. d~- lo rt'C'1"h't' an~· nt'w data. Your
int .. rrupt •f\·in- routint> ran th.-n rt•acl thi r-,ri. h•r and ohtain thP data hytt•.
\\'hen the read opt>ration i. ,..-rformc•,I. tht• !\RFD and SllAC lint'. · rt• rt'!t'ast•cl
fl(o ht,rh •· indic-atinar that t ht' data has IM't•n at'C't"Jttt'CI and t ht' nt•xt h~tt• ,·an ht•
tWnt .
Th.. NRt'O line mu.taro fal!W ht'fort' ht• talker ean transmit th .. nt•xt data hy1 ...
In default mode (no auxiliar~· ,·ommand: written I, thf' NRFD and ~(),\(' lin .. l'l
llt) hi1rh immediatel~· aftt>r the ,.,ad oyx•ration and the talker ht'arins thf' n••xt
hatnd. hakin1r !WqUHte. llm~·e\·er, ir de!4irt'CI, your proiram ran clt•lay t ht•
n-lea. or tht> SRFD line throu,rh tht' u or the hdfa 1hold,.,r, on all datat
au ilia~· rommand. By writin,r this au iliary command dth th .. C1: hit :,;.,t.
the NRFD line i not immediat•I~· relt>a~ed upon a read oi)l'ration. Tht> lint> is
kt1J)l in the lo~· state until your proarr m ptacifi<-ally write the rhd( 4 rl'lt>· !W
r(d holdoCC, auxiliary rommand with the C/ S bit set to 0. Called an Rl-'I)
(Read~· for datal holdoCC, this delay in the rt1lease or the NRt-"'ll li n.. i. u l'ful
~·hen you wi. h to prore . each data byte a rect-i\'ed, or wish to altl'r pro.zram
no~· d pt>ndin,c upon the \·alue or Pa<-h re<-eived data byte, etc.

111 adtlitio11 to tlw RFD holdoff ••·rilwd ahc)\·•• • ·hi.-h .-auiws a holdurr on t ht>
"'""plio11 of
dale h)·t•, an 1••0 hnldo(f .-an ht- rau!Wd • ·h.. n tht• 1•nd-ofn,.Mtri"lf i11 N'ffh~fld. Th• end-of-n, !l!lall'" !ltrin11 indiratt>!I that th .. data
hyt .. t'urr.ntl)· on tllt' d t lin" it1 th.. I . t in a transmitted strin.r. llt•,·ir1•s
ffl'1'1P1ilf' th.- .nd-of-data 1trin1r me111111,re wh..n th.- EOI lin(• ii- t rut• and ATS is
(al .
hdfi fholdofr on .-ndl auxiliary t'on,mand s1ll't·i(iPs that an Rl-'ll
holdofr 0ttur wh•n thfl •nd-of-!ttrin1r m• .. a,rt' OC'C'Urs. Tht> hd(., t'omnrnnct
• ·ould IIOt II'"" r lly ht- uM'd alonl( • ·ith th.. hdfa tomm nd.

•,•I')·

Th•~•

Althouarh tlh' d ta-in ,._i t•r 11hana. th.. 1-1am.- addrt'ss as th.- data out rt•~ish•r.

N'adin• th. d ta-in ~ t ..r dtW!4 not arrt"t"t th• data-out r••~istt'r in any way.
D

Olllll11' I

Tlw d t -out n,ri. ter c•,ieru"' ,1.)\1 i!t uM-d • ·hen the RTI i!I ,·onri~lm•d to tw a
t Iker or t'1•ntroller-in-rharl(t'. As a talk,•r, t hi' rl'1,tish•r i. wwd to 11lm·,• ,tat a on
thf" •i1rht d t lint'!'. A11 a rontrolll'r-in-t'hall(t', th• re.cistt'r is U!«•cl to 11lac·c•
Pither d ta or intt•rfan- t•onmmncts on thP l'i1,tl!t data linl's.

~~~

•

o,•

0,01

o•• o,os o,oe o,OJ 0,0,

A00IIUS

0 ,01

msm

I I I I I I I 1 J,

,...w

DIIOIIIR5 I

t ·se• of th• data-out rl'tristt'r for s,•nctin~ data as a talk,•r or ,•c,ntrolll'r-in-,·har~••
i.. imilar. Tht' BO chytP out I intl'rrupt . hould tw t'nahlt-d prior to data transft'r .
Tht> 80 intt'rruJlt rau!Ws an A intt'rru1n to oc•rur any tinw a data hyte> in th"
n,ri. tl'r is 1»lar.-d on tht' data lines. The listttnt•r arknuwl,•cltfl'S r(>('t'fttic,n h~
tomJ,lt'tintt th,• hand. hakinl( set1ut'nt't', indiratin~ that tht> listPner has rttr«>i\'t>d
the data b~·tt' in th.- data-out rearistt>r. Your routint' which St'r\'irt>s th,, RO
intt•rrupt t'an now write the next data byte to tht> data-out reazistt>r.
I( thP BO inh•rru1•t is t>nahlt>d. a BO interrupt is rause>d whttn th.- RTI entt>r!-

the> talkt•r stall'. This prum1,ts th,• loadini

•

or the rirst data byte .

IEEE~ 8US LOGIC I CHM'TUI 4

If tlw
trol r-ill•f'ilarale aNerts the ATN Ii lo.- • ·hilt' ttw RTI i talkin,t.
data trullfer t . If the m llas writte a data 1,yte to tlw data-out tt",ci. ter.
hut tlw
)"el
•
tile
b)·t• will remain in tlw
r · t r. • 11 tlw ATN Ii
s · k. t
.
·ill be plac-ed on the •la· a
Ii . If you
l ·ut to uv• tlw hyte plarttd OIi t
dS1ia lines in thi
i11 tallff, )"GIi • - • - ri tlw auxiliary rOIII alld nbaf (rww b)·te a\·ailahle
ia exet"ution tommand and
ral ,. Tlli auxiliary ro1111111a11• is u i
. hwW 1111' writ II wllile tlw ATN li11e is still fa . The nha( auxiliary tommand
will ft t the traM i ioll llartlware ud th~ ·te in the data-out regi ter •·ill
1181 lw-. nt wlw11 the TN Ii ,roes true. TM reai t•r i not at"tually rleared.
atNI a IO i rrupt is IIOt _... ratetl. The 11ext b)-te • •ritten to the data-out
,..; er will overwri the h)·w that wa 11ot seat.
1

Then the BO i11t•rrupt is •nahled and the RTI is tonri,rured a. a talker. tht>
data tra11 fer hand hakiner seque11ce is carried out automatically by the RT) as
soon a.-. your prOlrfam "·rite~ data to the data-out rel(i ter.
h•n the RTI is t"onfi,rured as th• controller-in-char.re. the data-out re~ii-ter
is us.-d to tran. mil •ith•r data or interfatt commands. The state of the ATN
lin• dt-t .. rmines wheth•r the information plared on the data lines is intt.>rpr•ted
as data or u a11 interfatt command. If the ATN line is false (hi~hl. the
information on th• d· ta lines is data. How the Ii tt"ner interprets data dt>pend
on th• de\·itt and your pro,rram. If the ATN line is tru• (low>. the information
on the data liaws is interpreted as interface commands. which art> dt-fined by
th., IEEE--i~ standard. De\·ic..s and pro,rrams that tomply with tht- IEEE-4S)o(
standard wilt rHrl predidably to thest> commands. See below for mort' dl'tai Is
on tht> interfac• t'ommand!I.
Transmittinl( data when the RTI is ronfi1CUred a the controller-in-<·harie is
similar to transmittinl( data when the RTI is confi,rured as a talker. The RTI
addr•s11es itself as a talkt>r and flata transfer occurs as de ' rribed ahove.

CHMtfllll 4 I 1111 LOGIC

N•mmand •·h•n th• RTI iM t"onfitrur..d as th,· ,·11ntr11l Tr n. mittin11 int•rf
ln-in-l'ha'11P in,·oh·e wriliner th• romnu•nd to th• dat -out r••.cish•r whilt• th•·
RTI i in tlw rontrutlt-r aeth·• 11tate CCACS1. In thiM Mtah•, th .. .\T~ lint• is
c•on tantly h.. td in th• tru• Clo•· I ~tat ... Th• format for inh•rfa,•t• t•ommanels is
hown in t'illUre -!t. The lEEE-.a intttrfaN> ,·on1n1ands tht•nuwl\'t's art• shown
in FillUft -1-10. Fur th• purpo~. or thi doNm .. nt, an intt•rfa,·t• t·ommanel is
de-fin...t th• n1• nintr llributt6CI to th.. data lint•. • ·h••n•wr th•• ATS lin,• is
r I . Tht• intt1rfatt Nln1m nd ,... d..tin...t • ❖• th• 11-:1-:1-~- I 'k staml:arcl, :m,I it is
t...)·ot1d tluo 11e•oaw nr thi do,·un,.. nt let full)· dt1114•ritw tht• at·tion of t•:u·h int.-rfa,,•.
Nttnmand.
Th.- h nd. hakintr 1u•ntt for int•rf tt ron101and. i. iclt•nt i,·al tu that for
d:ata. Thtt HO in1 .. rru1•t aallio fmwtiun. itl,•ntit•all) for inh•rfat·t• t·ummand, and
for dat .

Type of
Command

Code Formal

Date Line•-. I

•

Addr.-ct

Umven1I

. . . .
. . . .
0
0 0
. . . . .
0
0
• . . . .
0
. . . o;.. •
0
lnstrufflf'nt Addf•

MLA

Instrument Addr•

MTA

Secondarv Addr•

Condition

.......

••Oort

lnbt1H • eon cud , _

-:-

. .

MSA

Line

PPE

ICU LOGIC I CHAPTER.

LiM•

1711t321
00000001
000001 00
eo.n.• { 00000101
00001000

•••

00010001
01010100
00010101
eo.n.• { 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

ComftWld
All:la,....

,.on

.....

Comffllftd

GTL

Go To Leal

SDC
p,c
GET

Selected O.V.ce CINf
,.,allel floll Conf1tur•

Group hecute Tripr

LLO

Leal Lockout

DCL

DlvtceC•

""
IN
SPO
....,.,

'••1111 floll Unconf~re
S.ial ,OU Enable
S.ial floll Di•ble

0 1 1 1 1 1 0
001111 , 1

MLA30

My L11ttn Addr
Unhtttn

01000000
O1 0 0 0 0 0 1

MTAO

TaNllf

Addr•

""'-1111

00011001

00100000
00100001

UIIIMr

°""""'. ~
~

{

Comfflelldl { O 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
01011111

MLA1

UNL
MTA1
MTA30

UNT
MSAO

My listen Addr• 0
~y Listen Addr. . 1

My Talk Addrns 0
My Talk Addrn1 1

My Talk Addren 30
Unt.ttl

00000
0 0 0 0 1

MSA1

My Second1rv Addrns 0
My Secood v Addr 11 1

111110

MSA30

My Seconct., y Addr fl 30

01100000
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

PPE
PPE

Pll'all I Poll En1bl•
Cort11t1on 0, D1111 L1flf! I
Cond1t1on 0, Datil L1flf! 2

011001 11
0 1 101 0 0 0
o 1 1 o 1 oo 1

01101111
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

PPE
PPO

Cond1t1on 0. 0;1t,1 Line 8
Cond1t 1on 1 , D•i. Lin• I
Cond11 ,on 1 0 11 L in• 2
Cond1t1on 1, D111 L11w 8

Parallel Poll 01 b'-

. ,.
.,

••l-41-&.aa:.:

CIII

----··

N1'1'¥11t

atua of th fh·• n•ntrul lineM and tht• thrt't' hantb,h:1kina: lin,•i- in

• t r cFi1111na 4-lll prm·id• you with th.. ahilit~ tu ,·it•\\

t II)" tiae. Tlw ,..i r i not I tt'hf'Ci nd ront ,nu.all~- rt•fl,•c·Is I ht•
t I of th• hu ·ht'11 "' . 111 N•mhin lion \\'ith tht• ,-c,mman,I pa:--.
thn11111h ,..i t r, ·hie- Nlfttinu II~ ...n t. thl" fUl'N"ftl . lalu. of t tw t•ia:ht
t lilWII. a Pf'UIII' m" n chatt1rmin• tht' 11tatt1 or thl" hu: t n~· tinu-.
t

Nl'l'Ht

: Th•• l·"f• hil thil II • ·ill not indiral• a lnw I I I ,·:alul' if tlw kTI ,..
• .... ir all iii•~- mfflffland

IPnl nlftl rullff .... i II .

......,,_.,......

111,3 101

I f f I
OI

ADDIIESS

sflo

••c

1111~

011~21

11 ,. . . . . .

Tlw int ..rru1•t ma. k n,rish•rs 11-'hrur,• 1-121ar.. lah·h,•cl un til nt• \\ information i,
• ·ritt ..n ;nto t ht>m.
N<n't:: Th.. 1nh•rru111 n1 .. 1. r1~, ..... , .. ,., • rih• uni~ I( ~"" •hinl. 11 rn.H I•
"" """ to , ..a.I lllh t ,ntt•rrupt, r•• <"Urr,•nth ma .. 1.t-tl or un1111, .. l.,·,t ,l11r t11 t,'
t lw .....,,.... 11( ~'"" 11ruer:- n1 . ,1111 n,a, •ant to ""•11 a 1111.1I ,.,.,,~ or t h•• h\11•
ma I. • rilh•n to th,,.
Th•• !t!IU 1·hi11 dn••.. nu• ,,,.,, 11I•· a nwa n .,f
in••rru111allntr th•· <"h111 ... •••••.. rn11n•• • ·•• 1n1t•rrt1111-. ,.,,. c urrt•n•h "" hl,-,1

l'l'lf'""''

...... T(

()I

II.XX

•• ••

l"10

Sl'AS

II LC

IIIIAC

1111'.>1'10

OC AS

$ 11 0

,,c

I 7775122

........,.

l 1111

V C

...,

1 ... 1. CWP!ftONLT)

Rf G1STf ll

AOO RlSS

I(([ .. . IUS LOGIC I CHAPT(A 4

....... ., ...·..,

- •-9)

7-6

)()(

0
0

ond1lt0n occurs

0.sabk?s byt out int rrupts

Causes an A lf'ltcrrupt on end ot messag cond,ltons

END

SPAS

ble end of message ,nt rrupls

Causes an A ,nt rrupt when th s ,,al poll acltv<'

1,,

ondlt10n occurs

SPAS interrupts

Causes an A ,nt ,,upl when the Rn ch nge ,,~
remot /local st tus

AlC
0

s byt ,n ,ntetrupts

Causes an A lf'ltetrupt whc.-n t

Not used May be etthef O or 1

Causes an A ,nt rrupt when the 81con 11ton oc urs

•• n

MAC

s lf'llt"flUPI on r mot to local nd
0.
changes

Cau

s an

RT
Th,s occ,
on I
I unhs t
Of1d r
RTI c
r w
intcflupl
II dual
pl cd
I occur ,t
mt 11up1
olhet primary addfess
0

al t , m {llt
nd,lt n
1t o;s 101

· ot

o,sa

'
..
....
1

GET

UNC

Caules an A interrupt when the handshaking error
condition occurs.

No interrupt occurs when the ERR condition occurs.

Cau s an A interrupt when the UNC cond1hon occurs A
OAC holdoff is entered and must be released using the
dacr auxiliary command The unrecognized command can
be read du11ng the holdoff by reading the command pass
through register.

No mlerrupt occurs when the UNC cond1hon occurs

APT

Causes an A mterrupt when the APT cond1hon occurs A
DAC holdoff 1s entered and must be released using the
dacr awul,ary command. Befo,e releasing the holdoff. your
program can read the secondary address from the
command pass through register The C/S bit of the DACR
command 1s used to indecate whether the secondary
address was valid or invahd If vaho the C/S bit 1s set to 1.
if invalid. the C/S bit is set to O See ··Amuhary
Commands " When the dacr command 1s used for releasing
other DAC holdoffs. the C/S bit has no meaning
No interrupt occurs when the APT condition occurs
Causes an A interrupt when the DCAS cond1hon occur A
OAC holdoff 1s entered and must be released using the
dacr au,uhary command

DCAS

No mt('rrupt occurs when the DCAS cond1hon occurs
Causes an A interrupt when the M A dress cond,tion
occurs A DAC holdoff ,s entered and must be released
using the dacr aux1hary command

SRO

inteftace command 1s recognized on the bus and the All 1s
, rit t
controller•in·charge. A OAC holdoff 1s entered which
t be released using the dacr auxiliary command

No intenupt occurs when the GET condition occurs.

C.... an A interrupt when a group execute trigger

. . . . JI

No interrupt occurs when the MA condition occurs
Causes an A interrupt when the SRO condition occurs

When the R Tl 1s not the cont roll r ,n charge th,s int rrunt
would normally not b, enabled (However . the SHO status
b, m interrupt status r g,ster 1 ,s alwa s t wh n SRO
becom s true . regardless of whether the RTI 1s th
controller ,n charg )

I([( . . . BUS LOGIC I CHAPTER •

. . ..

.... ....,

. ...., .. ...
,

I 11 ,. . . . . . ,

No mt~rupt occurs wh n It

SRO condition occurs

Causes an A int rrupl wh n the IF C cond,t, n 0<.curs II th
All 1s the svst m controll , no ,nt rru I o , 11 ~
n 1f th
bit 1s set flhe tfC status btl ,s set ho't'llc , when the RTI
1s system controller )

No interrupt occurs when the IF C cond1t,on occurs

~-lltel I a
TM interrupt Mtatul\ n,tiMtl'r. cfo'i,rure 4-1:11 rt'l''Ord tht> status or \":trious mndilion artt"l'tint( tht• RTI aM th••~· (K't'Ur. Tht• t·onclitions that art• monitort•tl an•
,•xplainfd in TahlH 4-9 nel 4-10. The• intt•rru1,t mask n•aristt•r:,; allow you to
s.•IN"t whit·h or tht> monitor •I ,·onclitions art• enahlt•cl to t·au~• A int..rru11t s in
tht> RTI intttrrupt l0tric- (iwt• Chapter 21. tr one or tht• nwnitore•d t•undition:-tK't'Un, the hit in tht' intl'rru1,t -.tat us rt>atistt'r i~ alwa~·s !Wt. If th" <'orrl'SJKtnrlin.r ronclition i. unmasked in 1 h.- intt•rrupt mask rt•atish•r, an A intt•rrupt
tK't"urs. Tht> inh•rru1•t statu: r«•Jlish•rs should ht• r,•acJ in orclt•r to rlt•h•rmint>
what l'ondition t'aus.oet tht• intt•rrupt .
01

... ,o
GET

.,
*"
a

( .. Ill

U C

RE GoSTfR

A DDRESS

E 0

sPAS

fl LC

lwlAC

,,_T RE G 0

11775220

A'l OCAS

lwlA

SRO

1FC

tf\lT RE G 1

I 7775222

,.... .. ,1
11111,.,_ -

ft11i11et1 0 Md 1. (IIEAD ONLY)

NOT[: \'uu fflU -4 I rl'a1I holh ,ualu!I n,i ist n ·s in or1l1•r tu .-1,•ar th•• RTI". IR(J
lin•.

Tht• fir:t two hits in thtt intt-rrur,t :tatus rt•Jlish•r 0, l~To ancf l~TI. ar•• st'!
only i( an inh•rruJ>t unma. ked in tht• int..rruJ1t ma ·k rt-acist.-r rK'<'urs Thi•~· art•
not t if a mask..d condition oc.·t·urs. : ..,. Int errupt Mask ReJ!iStf'r '.
Tht• tatu. bit r1•11r<''-(•nt inaz t ht• maskt•d or unmask,•d rondit ion i, ah, a~ · st't
howe\'er.
17

CMAPTIR • I IUUII IUS LOGIC

T hie- .-., ncl 4.10 tW!4t·riht• th.. c•11mlition. c·au. ini ..a•·h :,,tatu:- hit 111 t.. •,·111111·
t. Ta
UNI .... ·rih.. t ht• in1t•rru1•t :and holdorr. ir · n~ . rauw,I "h,•n I tw
unm bd c-ondition un-ur..

Roell int .. rrupt tatu. n,ci. , .. r. a,.. rlt•.ar...l "'·h,•n th ..~· ~r•· r,•:ul. In :ulcl i1i11n.
•m.. indi\·idu I t:atu hit .art• l'l..ar,..I "'h.. n th,• ,·11n1lit i11n 1h1•~ n·fl...,,
c-h:,n . Tlw!w hit • n• d.-Mt·rihe•d t_.lo•··

- --

•1111111-11-./R C

•r a ..,.,

------------------------- ----- -- - 7
O
INTO
Interrupt
When s t lh1 bit md1c t s th"'t onC' , mor
ml rrupl bits ,n int rrupt talus r gist r O hd s t II s •I an I JI
Inl rrupt has he n prr 1ouslv n bled (11nrnasl-cdl 111 lll l rru ,
ma i. r ,sl r 0

INT1

Interrupt 1 When sel th, bit 1nd1 ates that on
, m rt ol lht•
:nl ' rrupl bd tn tnl rru t ,;latu r 1~! r I h
bN> '> l'I n l h,1t
,nteuupt h
been pr 111011sI, nahlcd (unma "t
maslc r Isler 1

R I In Condition A l'l('W d ta bvte Is now In t ' data In , , ·, , ,
and c n be r ad Re dmg th data 111 r Q1<;1t•r alc.o ,., r!, this hit

Bvl Out Condthon The last data b t p l
d tn th data 0111
r g, ter has be n c.cepted bv the rec I rand an .-. h ) I c ,,
tlC w111t n t th d l a out r g,ster W111tn') a new b~ I lo th
data out , g:st , also clear s lh1s bit

ENO

End of Mcs"ag ':ond11ton Th, bit Is
t lo'.hen th f()1 hnl
becomes true whI the A TN ,s false This combination Is usN1 ,
mdteal th end of a data siring

SPAS

Ser, I Poll Cond11ton Th,s b4I ,s set wh n th ser,al 0011 act,
stat has
n entered This oc urs wh n ver thP s 11 1 f)(III
re ,ster ,s w11tt n with the rsv1 hit s t or w h n th au11l1dr ,
command set rsv2 Is writ! n (Sec Aua 1l1ar Command R 1•, t "
fOf def1n1ttons of rsv 1 and rsv2 )

RLC

R mote/local Change Cond11ton Wh n set th1,; hit ind1c ,
a chang in th r mote/local status of th R TI has occurr a T 1·
bit I s t when the RTI chang s from either rc mot t I c11 or
local to r mote Note that this bit does not reflect th stdll1'> 111
th REN line

MAC

M Address Chang condition When set this bit 1nd1c at ..
the RTI has received an interface command fr om th
lo change ,ts c urrent addr ~sed state The bit 1
secon ary address ,s •eceI ed nor Is 11 s t .,..h
addressing Is being used and th oth , p11m r ,
rece,ved (
Address R 91st r I

ICEE ... BUS LOG1C I CHAPTER •

TIMI••
91 • .....,. zt

....,
GET

Si1 ,.., . .

Group E11ecute Tug r Condition When s t th,s o,t m 1,r al s thal
utc ,,.
r interface command ha
n re 111cd
from the controller In charge

a group e•

ERR

Error Condition

Jh n set this bit 1nd1cates that an error m th<'

handshaking St?QU<' nce h s occurr«>d Spcc1l1call11 ,t m dnS that
the DAV line 1s true and both the NDAC and NRFO hn s ar
false This 1ndlcatP.s tt' .., no devices can currently r c ,ve data

UNC

Unrecognized C.ommand Condition When set th,s bit indicates
that an un1nter rctable command has been received It ma be
that the command Is \ahd but not tor the current state of lh
RTI Uninterpretabl commands causr. this interrupt when th RT I
1s in LADS (listener addrer,sed slate) or "' TADS (talker
addressed state) II saondary commands are being used the,
wtll set this bet 1f the PTS (pass through ne.t sec.ondar y) au,ehar~
command has been wfltten

APT

Address Pass Through When this bit 1s set 11 indica tes that a
s ondary address has been received and can be read trom ltle
command pass tt,rough rey1ster In order for the RTI to 1d nhly a
scc<.,ndar address the previously received primary command
must have been a primary talk or listen address which 1d nt,lt d
the All II the ,,e11t command 1s a secondar y address that
idcnhf1es the RTI this bit IS set

DCAS

De ice Clear - Achv Stale When set this b1I indicates that th
ATI has heen placed in LADS (listener addressed state) but
before any data transfer occurred a device clear tDCL ) or
selected device clear 1SDC) interface command was received

M Address Condition When a primary talk address or primary
hsfen address interface command which the All recognizes as ,ts
own Is on the bus this b t 1s set

SRO

Service Request This bit 15 set when the SRO hne becomes true
II slays true until Interrupl register 1 Is read and does not
beccme clear 1f the SF:O goes false before th read operation
This interrupt 1s provided for situations when the RTI 1s the
controller in charge and a device on the bus has requested
service

IFC

Interlace Clear This bit 1s set when the IFC IIne becomes true
This 1s uselu! when the RTI 1s not the system controller as 11
1ndteates lhal the bus l'\as been returned to lh idle stale If the
RTI Is the system controller the interrupt Is not set b 1 IFC
becoming true

~"•I •H-4118US LOGIC
P

7 9 ..,- std I

Th• par It.I poll n,ri. tf'r CFillUtt .t-141 is utwd ,--h.,n th., RTI i:- not th•• rontrol k-r-i11-t>h l1l" and th.. t-ontrollt'r-in-rharl(t" h s r•••1u1•s1 ..d a llarali.-t poll. In a
ral I poll. t>arh ct..,·ino UM!ll on• of the .. ii,!ht data line•s lo indit·ah• that it is
tlw .,,·itt th t ft(tue!lted iwr,·itt. Th.- tor,wntion that indit·ates whic·h dt•\·it•t•
U8" •·hat d ta line is up to th .. prt-.rr· mmt>r · nd i. not s1w1·ifit.•d ti~ I ht• lt:t:t:
tand rd. ·ht1n a hit is M't in thi. rt•trister, tht" t·orr,•spondin~ data lint• is put
in tht1 trutt stat .. when tht• t•ontrollflr-in-t·h· race r ..,,u.. st . a 11arallt•l 11011. Ty11i" II)·. thi. re,ri~ter is •·ritten with onl)· on.. hit st>t wht>n th.. RTI i!- in ne•..,t of
IWni...-. Th• rontrollt1r-in-t'har~'!l" tht'n reads th.- e•iacht data lim•s and idt·ntifit•s
the RTI h)· the data lin• whit'h is true.
The hits in th.. 1•ar;allt>I poll ft'l(ister t'Orrl'~l•oncl dirt>rt ly lo I ht> dat .1 lint's in
aM-..ndinar rashion. Bit PPI is plae·t>d or, tht" data lin.- OIOI. hit l'P'l i~ 1,l.m•d un
data lin.. (}10-l, t>h·. If a hit in tht• 1•arallt>I 1•011 rt•l,!istt'r is I, th•• ,·orr1•:-11onclinar
data Ii,,., is pulled true Clowt.
Th.. 1mraU,·l poll rt'l(ish.•r is douhl .. hurr!,.'r.-d and ran ht• writtl'n lo whilt> a
parallf'I poll is ot·rurrin,r. This rt>l(istflr is not rt>St>I by t ht> soft wart' rt>st•I
auxiliar~· t·ornniand.

Ill

w, , ,.. , ws' '"

.....,. .....

:~~E , ._ ,

,,.,....,..

I I Iw, 1
02

ADOIUSS

m,5234

lerielNn111t111
When tht> RTI i. not the t·ontroller-in-rharare. the st-rial poll rt'i,cistt•r cFi~rure
-t-151 i. used to re~l'Ond to s..rial poll hy the <'ontroller-in-rhar,c.-. This i · a
douhlt>-bu(ft>red re,rister and may be written to at an)· lime. Bit 6. the RS\"J
hit, put. tht• SRQ line intn the true state when it is set. Tht>rt-fore. writin~ to
thi- reiister with bit 6 set notifies the controllt•r-i n-cha ri,ct> to rondu<"t a . t>rial
poll. The <'Ontt>nts of this reflister are sent back to the rontroller-i n-c·harll"
when a sttrial poll is l'onclu<"tl'd. Thererore, bits 0-5 and hit ; <'an be ust>d to
con\·t>y status inrormation. Th.. <'onvention and meanin1t · as ·iflnf'd tot ht>se bit s
are de(ined by the prc>t(ram, not the IEEE ~tandard. Bit 6 will of rour. •• be st>t,
ind1<'atin9' that the RTI re«JUt>sted ser\·itt.

IEEf-411 BUS LOGIC I CHAPTEA.

•

AO0IUSS

1111'232

I• IMYI I • I • I ,. , I I I ......
..................

.......
:~~l

Th.. hit. in th•

rial poll rl'tristt"r eorrl"!lpond dirtttly to the data lint's in

asnandinl( faa hion. Bit SI i. plaftd on thl" d ta line DIOI, bit S2 is 1•la<"l-d on
d ta lin• DIO'l. •IC'. Ir the bit in th• serial lin• r-,ri ter is I, the <'orrt•spondinJ?
dat liH i pulltad trw (lo•••· Thus 0107 Nlrna pond. to hit 6 nd, wht"n trut',
inditatt"s th t th• RTI reqlH' ted rvice.
Thi regish•r is double hurr.. rl'd, and ir writt•n to durinJC a serial 110II, no data
is IORt. Tht' b~·h· \Hitten to the nal(ister is savt'd and whl'n the st•rial JM)II is
romplt"te, tht> new d ta h~·t• is written to th... r-,ri ter.
Th• rs,·J hit i!' not deared when a st>rial 1w•II i11 taken, hut tht' SRQ line is
rrturnl'd to th• raise state. The st-rial poll rt•,cister is not <·lt•ared h~· th,•
so(twar.. n-Ket auxiliary ,·ommand.
Th.. rs,·2 auxiliary command pro,·ides an alternati,·.- mttthod of ret1m•~tin~
.t'r\'iN'. Writintr the !Wt r. ,·2 t"ommand pulls the SRQ line trut> and st't s hit 6 in
th,• !lf'rial poll reiister. The controll .. r-in-charl(t' then reads tht' st•rial poll
rt•JCister wht8n it r..spond to the !Wrial poll. In this instance, bi! 6 il- rlt•ared
· rt ..r th• iwrial poll rt't[i. t•r i re· d. This provide a method of re,,u,•stinJC that
the mntroll•r naad th.- . rial 1toll r.-.rister and allows you at any timt> to writt•
. tatu. information to the reacister with bit 6 dear. The status information tht>n
rt-mains in thtt retristt>r and ean he read hy the controller-in-char,tt• wht>n you
write th.- r. ,·2 auxiliar~· rommand.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
··········~······································
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••a•••••••••••••••••••••
···················~·······················
···················~···················
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
···················~·················
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•i••·····~·····················
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
•

•••
•••••
•••••••
•••••••••

•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
x••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxxxxxx

•••••••••••xxxx•xxxx••••••••x•xx•x•••••••xxxx
•••x•••••••x••••••••••x•x•x••••••••••~•••••xxxx
••••x••••••••••••••••x•xxxxx•x•••••••••••••••xxxx

••••~•x•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxx
73

5
Parallel Logic

ParaRel Logic
11 ■ -f ~ U

SIDI

Fi1111re 5-1 111111111ari. . the parallel loaric in block diaarram form .
The parallel 1/0 IQMic is implemented with an Intel 8~,SA communications
chip. There are three 8-bit data ports (port A, port 8, and port Cl that may be
ronfil(Ured for either input or output. Three modes or operation are availablt'.
The fir. t c mode 01 provides buic input and output rommunications with each
d ta port operatin11 ind pendently. The second mode c mode 11 allows hand~hakin1r lin from the third port to be associated with the other two ports; this
allows strobed input or output throutth two independent ~-hit data ports. The
third mode (mode 2) allows bidirectional data flow throu,rh port A. with handsh kintt lines from port C.
The data seetion of the chip communicates with the bus interlace ov.-r the
DBUS 0 throu:(h DBUS 7 lines and transfers data to the three ports internally.
Th port select section of the chip utilizes the ADD1 and ADD2 si.cnals to
adiv te the desired port. The chip is enabled to receive data from remott>
devitt1 and to transfer it to the host Professional computer by a combination
of the SDEN and WRT si111uls. The combination of the DA TA •'TB a nd WRT
itrn Is enables the chip to receive data from the host Profes ional computt>r
and tran fer it to the remote devices. The chip is reset by the INIT sii,cnal and
~lerted by the SELi itrnal.

CHAPTER s I PARALLEL LOGIC

, . <10>

... <10>

,ORT
C

flt <7 O>

flOftTC . . . . . _ _ ~
fllfAIU
LATCH . , _ _ _ ~ _ __.

---cu,
~~. . Cllt

Wft DATA

TIM- modtt latch 11:••~ the DRUS 5. IJBUS 6, DBUS I. and DBl S 4 . iJ,Cnal. to
~11rrale the Oil~ 1, ~nable IJin,ct tF.NA DIR), Enahle Port B (14~NPB,. and
Enable Port A (ENPA) siinals, res1,eciivel)·. Th«• modt> latch is cleared by thtlNIT siinal and clocked by a romhination of DBUS 7, UAT A STB, and 10
\VRT, \\'hich ienerate the 10 CON signal.
The port A buffer is enabled either by the ENPA or by a comhination of the
lt~NA DIR and PC6 siinals. The port B huffer is enabled by the 14:NPB i5(nal.
The port C buffer requires a combination of thl· PCO throu~h PC7 and ENCO
through ENC7 il(nal in ordttr to transfer data hecau e the indi\'iclual hit of
port C may ht• u. ed either for data or for hand hakin5( iaicnals, depending on
\\'hich operatintit mode has been elerted.

~AAALLEL LOG•c I CHAPTrn s

Th.. JN•rt (' t-n:.ahlt' RO. is s.-le-t·h•d by tht' IO 'RT si,rnal, "hi,·h i!> 1'r111h1t·1•1I h~·
:,a romhination ol sa,;1.1 · nd
'RT: 11nd AOOI and Alli)',!, "'·hic-h i•·n.. ratt•s ••
Sl-:1.. Th.. Rf). Jmwluc·t':. outttut si,rnals latwllt'fl f )l 'T O t hrouih ( H·y i . an,1
tran:.l.. rs th.-m to th,• 1w1rt C t"nahtt' I· h·h, "'·hit'h i. ,·I.-· rt•1I h~ th1• l~IT siinal
and c·loc·bd h;- 10 ('ON.

Th,• I rall.-1 I / 0 lo,ric- has t hrt••• mot It's ol ottt•rat ion, mod .. fl, mo,I,• 1. a ncl mo1l1•
2. Tht'!W are d,•. rihNI in tht' lollowini,t 11ar31rraph..

... ,o ..... ,....
i odl' 0 is for hasit· in1n1t .end out1iut without handshaldnl,! t·untrol throul!h '""
>'-hit d.ata ,)nts and two I-hit data Jturts. Tht> two )'. -hit l"•rts are• lal11•l,•1I port .\
ancl J1t1rt B. Port (' is dh·itlwl into two .t-hit 11orts \\ hic·h ar•• :uldr1•ssahl1·
incl1•1N•nd.. ntl~ and art' laht•l,•d , .. ,rt (' upp.-r and port r luw,•r. l'ort ,. uppn
('onsists ol hits .t t hruui,th i and JN1rt r lowt>r ,·onsists of hits O t hroul!h :t 1-:at·h
, .. ,rt may IN• mnli,r1mod for t'it ht'r in11ut or out1.ut anti opt•ralt• ind,•1M•nd,•n1 b or
t•ac·h otht'r. Wht'n t·unlii,turt'cl for output, tht' data 11ort s ar1 • latt·h,•11 Wh,•n
c·onliacurt'CI lor in1,ut, th•· data , .. ,r,s art' not latc·h ..ct. Sinc·t> thnt• art• four
s.•11ai"att' ports and t'ac·h l10rt t·an IN• f'itht'r in1mt or outpui . th..r.. art• ,ixll••·n
st'11aratt' c·omhinations of input 'output c·onfii,turations .

.._,a..... · •u
Mt.Nit' 1 allows stroht'cl in1,ut or outl'ut ur data. In mo1lt• I. th,•rt' art' 1\,11 icruup,
ol data hits a\·ailahlt' for in1,ut or output. F:arh vuup rnnsi,t s or unt' -hit dat a
J)t1rt and ont' -I-bit 1tort ui..••I for hand. haldnt! lint's. Group A •·onsist:-,
th•·
t-itht data hits in port A and tht' lour hit s in tht' uppt•r l)art of ,..-,rt ('chit s I
throuih ii. C:roup B c-onsists of th .. t'i,cht data bit s in 1,ort B ancl tht> four hits in
th,• lowPr part ul port C !hit ·· 0 throu,ch !ll. In t'ac·h ,crou1,. tht' -1,it clata IM•rt is
u ·..cl for t'itht>r input or out1•ut or data. Tht> data lint>s ar.. latc·h ..d on hoth input
and oufl:ut Tht> asso('ialt>d four c·ontrol linP. are spt•dfif·ally ct .. fint><I as ha nd shakini,t si~nals for t·ontrullin,c tht• flow o( data f'i thn in or out or th .. data
port .

1EA 5 I PARALLEL LOGIC

bidirtACtional clata flow throuJ!h the eiJiht hit~ of J»ort A. llandto rontrol the data flnw are ima»lemented in port C. Only the
roup A port c n ~ confiacured for mu.It• 2 operation. That is, JH»rt A and the
up r . r bit of port C l•an he w:,•d for mode 2, hut t,trou1• B bits are not
,•ailabl for thi mtMI . Thi i ltN·ause one hit from the lower IJOrtion of 1.urt C
i u I to ent-rate interru1•l internall)·. Port B and hits PCO throuJ!h PC2 art•
,. ii bl for m
I or nu O 01.eration, hov.·e\'er, v.·h n port A is ronfi.curt-d
for
le 2 o~ration.

1 in mode I, all data line

are latched for in1»ut and out1tUt. In
me bits in port Car.- UMt.'d for handshakinK lines in modt• 2 as in

if n, the
I.

Por A, B. and C are tteued b)· readinK from or writinK to the thrt1e 1.urt
re1ri tt1r1. A rontrol rl'5eister i:~also 1m»\·iclt•1I for ,·onriicurini tlua 1mrallt•I J»orts
and controllinac indh·idu· I bits in port C. Thes.a rt•t(isters are des,·ribed l»t-low.

Fil(Una 5-2 throu.ch 5-4 illustrate tht• thrt'fl reii~h•rs u eel for th,~ thret• data
ports. In either mode, ))Orts A and B are addrt•ssahle by writinJ! or readinJ! to
the listed address. Port C ran alwa)·s bt• rE-ad hy usinJ! the lish•tl address.
lntlividu I bits in port C ,·an be set or rleared without affertint( the other hits
in th port. St•e Port C Bit St•t / ReM>t Commands.
FUHCTI~

I ITS

MAo,w••n

°'

I•: • •: •: • : •:• : •I

O!>

o,e

~R T ~

o-, ~

ADDRESS
01

umm

............

..... I

FUNCTION

ltf AOIWRI T(

"°".
71

I .:.:. : . :

1-1

l llS

~ •IT ~ OAT ~

ADDRESS

J ,msm

PARALLEL LOGIC I CHAPTER 5

It}

l'IAD.

,. " ,,

"'" I.:• :.:.:. .:.

FV~CTtOt<t

l tTS

O!,

: w

04
~ORT

A OOA( SS
QI

, , 11 1s1 ••

DAT~

.... 1,0, 1

('ontrol over th• 1aarullt•I lo~ic is IM'rformttd by writini ,·ommamls to the ,·ontrol fl•Ki, ter, whi,·h cannot ht• r.-ad. Tlw l'Ontrol rt-J,ti~lt•r f a.'it,turt• a-5) fom·t ions
in two mod..- , ,·onlrull..-d hy whetht•r bit 7 is set or clt•art•cl.
FU"KTIOfll

WRITE Oflll Y

ADDRESS

I t TS

I.:.:.:.:.:-: • :. I
1•

,... ...

OIi

C~~,R+ WO+

11 ns211

-· ,.,.

COIIIIMnde

\\'h ... n a command i!I written tot hl' l'CJnt rol rt•t,tistc>r with hit 7 ~••t, t lw <'ommand
i~ intttr1•rtttttd as a mode ('ontrol commarul Tht' mcHlti ront rol t"Ommancl :t't. up
th,• tlt•: irttd modt• W. I, or 2t for ('ac·h port and dt•fim•s tht• dir('l·tion of clat a fl ow
for .-.aeh 1t0rt. Ports A anti B ,·an ltt1 !Wt up in tlifforl'nt mmlPs, if clt:>sired.
At 1•ow..-r-up INIT all ports are set to input, motll' 0.
Tht• meanintit of ea(·h bit in a modtt l'.u11lrol c·ommand is i-. huwn in Tahlt• f>- 1.

....
-.... -- •••
,

c.....•se·

6-S

ns•sC.....C••

•

Enable Mode Control (Th bits arc Inl 'P' I d dS shown hclo.-. )
Group A Control

65
00

POft A Mode Sclectt0n

01
10

Mode t
Mode2

Not used

POfl A 011 c t, n (1 norf'd ,t m
Input
Output

3
t

Mode0

POft
1811 ,;
Input
Output

D11

2 1<, s I

hon

c ,, 0 111,.1 B

0
1

Port B ~.
ModeO
Mc,del

0
1
0

Port C (Bits
Input
Ol1lput

nt1 I

• S I Ch n

POft B D11<>c hon
Input
Output

led l

-01 011

Solt> th:tt the• modt>s for IM•rt ,\ anti JH1rt n (',HI tM• w parati·I) cle•fin,·cl . hut n,,
nu.1(11• ,·.an h1• s1t1•,•irit>fl for rM.rt ('_Wh1•n n11"11• 1 is s11t>c·ifinl fur l"'rt .\ or l"•rt B.
th,• a:--..,datt•d u111wr or low.-r ,,art of l"•rl C is automatic·all) <'11nfi~ur1•il fur
h:anclshakin1e lint•s Jr IN•rt A or JN1rt Bis ,·nnfi~urt•,I for n11..-lt• II. the• a,,111·1at1•d
u11prr or lowvr 11ar1 of IM•rt C is automatic·ally c·unfi~un•el for mcMlt• O

Thi• ,·ontrol rt>lfl. h•r shoulcl h1• writlt'n only onc·t> for e•:u·h clata ac·qui-.i1i11n
1•ndronnwnt If )OU "ant to u-..• more• than ont• port at a tinw . ._,., up all l"•rh
tht• fir-.t tinw )OU •.nih• to the• c·untrol re•1,!istn The• c·ontrol r1•1.d,1..r c·annut tw
, .. ad .

•

PARALLEL LOGIC I CHAP TCA !,

..... c • ...,......c, ••
Wh.-n a t"ttnlmand i. writh•n to th.- t·ontrol r••.rish•r with hit • d,•ar. th••
t·ununand is inh•r,,r.-tt-.1 as a 111t1rt r St•t l rt•!Wt t·omm.rncl. An in1lh i1lual hit in
11e,rt (' ean he• !Wt or rt•St•t hy this t·omnmntl; t ht• ot h,•r hit-. in 11ort f • ar,•
unarr...-tt"CI. Onl~· on• hit in Jlort r t"an h.. c-hanlf'"I at a tinw Th,• nwaninl! of
••at•h bit in a llOrt C iwt/rt•St•t ,·urnmancl is shown 1n Tahl .. :,-t .
TIIIIIIN
C.....Rtet I

-......
7

S1gn1hes command 1s a port C bit sct,'r

Not used but must be 0

Mode defm1hon Identifies lhc curr nt cont,gur dt,on hc,n l 11s
Mode0
Mode 1 Port A Input
Mode 1 Port A Output
tlode 2

5-4

00
01
10

3- 1

321

000
001
010
011
100
101

110
111

,_.C . . . . . . . C• T

t command

81 Selected
0
1

2
3
4

5
6
7
Bit Command

0
1
0

Set
Reset

l'ort C 1/0 in Mode 1 or Mode 2

\\'h1•n port A and port 11 art' pro)!ramnwd in mudt• 1. t"u hit, in J.l"rt c· an •
unuSt•rl for hand. hakinac lim•s R) u. in~ tht> bit :t-t rr ·••t <'ommand. th,,, ., 1111 ,
,·an 111• uSt'rl for rlata input or output , or (or adilitiunal ru.-.tomiwrl hand -. ha~ inat. \\'ht>n 1,ort A is ,·onfi.c1m•d for mud 1 input, bit · ti and• in JM1rt c· d-< 'ti
an1I re., ran lw uSt>CI for input or output. \\'h,•n J10rt A i. ,·unfitlurt•1l for moJ ,, I
out)lut. hit. I and :, in 1,ort (' 4 PC I and l'C:; I ,·an 1,., u-.,·d fur input or ou t put If
uni) ont> of t•it ht>r JK>rt A or port R is twi nil uSt•cl for modt> I. t h1• port ( · hit,

CHAPT£9' s I ,A9'ALUL LOGIC

unuSt-CI for handshakin1r ma~· ht- u!4t"CI for I i f). ••or t>'i•m1,1 ... if &M•rl \ i, lit•inl,!
u.- .. 1 for modt• 1 in1m1. and IM•rl R i. in nuMlt> U or not u-..•1I. all of 1h1• I""'''
INtrlion of porl ('is· mil· hit• for I 0 . Ir I"''' A is 1,r,ll(ramn...,I for 11111111• :! and
'"''' H is nol ht•ina: us.'tl, hits l 1CO I hr11111rh PC.? a,.. a, :1ilat.1.. fur I o .

u.. ..... c ...........
Port (' ,·an al\\·a~·s 1..- n•ad rt•l,!ar,11,•ss uf I he• ,·urrt•nl nu Hit• 1·11nfil,!11ra1 iun uf t ht·
1.arallt•I 11e,rls. Rt•a,linar IM,rt (' in m,Mlt• 1 ur m1Mlt• 2 1·.1n 1,rmi,l1• "ith ~1111 th,·
slalus
all lht• ass1K'iah•1I han1lshakina: lin,•s. Thi. tlm,:- ~11u tu .-IM·" the•
~tatu. of .-~t .. rn· 1 1le•,·ie-..s' han,lshakintr lint•.; and alt1•r 11r1tteram flu" in the•
t'\"t•nt
a hanaru,, or ol ht•r unwanlt'fl sit ual ion.

or
or

MODI I OPIIIATION

~u,lt• u 0111•ration ltrll\itlt•S l,asit· in1111t 11r output thruuarh 11orts "· n. UJIJM•r-f'.
or lowt•r-C. Su h:rncl:,,haldnl! sil,!n:tl:- art• u-.,,,1 lnh•rru11t drin•n ,lat a lran,f.-r ll'o
not a\"ailat.11• E:u·h IN•rt ma~ 111· s,•par:alt'I~ n,n(il,!urt•tl for input 11r uu1&1ul
Th1•rt' art' si~h•t•n 1liff,•r1•rll rnmliinations of in1111t and 11utput 1tort .. in 11111111• 11

Tht•s•• ,·umhinat ion.; at•· -.,•lt•1·1t•1I I,~ I lw 1·0111hina1 ions of hit .. II. 1. :t. and I 111
t·ummands writlt•n lo t lw rnnlrul n·l,!i,lt•r Bib 2. :-,. and ti s1•J.,,·t m111l1· II fur
&M1rts A and R ,,h,·n ,·1,•a r Hit II i" a,,1M'ia1t•1I \\ith i,ort C clo\\1•r1 Bit I i)'o
asscK·ialt•d \\ilh 111,rl B. Bi!:( i, a,,111·ia1t•,I \\ith 1,ort (' 1u11111•rt Bit I i, a,,,wi att'd with 1N•rt A . .\ I in 1h1• ,111•1·ifi.,cl h11 ,1•l1•1·t:- input ancl a II in tht• "l"'t·ifi1•1I
hit s.•IN·h output For 1•,ampl,·. lo -.1•1 purl A an,I 111,rl (' 111p111·rt l11 in J111 I. anti
111,rt Rand JK_irl (' dm,1•rt 11' 11111pul. "rih· a rumman,I h~tt· to th•· rnntrol
r1•6fistt'r whi,·h ha)', hit!- :t :rntl 4 ·••I 111 I. a nd 1111' ti and J s.. 1 tu 11 •Bir-.:! . .",. and•;
art• all t'lt•ar for 11111111• 0 I
IIIOOI 1 OPIIIATION

~l1N!1• J 11111•rali11n prudcl,•, st11t1t•1I inl'ut or output of data l!,u11l,hal- inl,! l1n1•,
art• use•1t in 111,rt (' as ,1,·l'oc·rit,"'I h..low lntnrupt ,lri\l•n tlata tran,fn-. ar,·
J•o:-.si hlt•. lht' inlnruJ1I ,·an t11• ••nahlnl c,r ,lisahlt•d
Mode1 ...... MelMIIIIMlif'I .......

In m,1111' J. the•rt• art' l\\o hantl.;ha"l"I! .. il,!r,al, for 1·11ntrulli 11~ input from an
1· lt•rnal 1le•\·i1•1• 111 the• RTI. Th,•-.e• art- tht' ,trulw 1.'TR1 and input huffrr full
dlW1 ,il,!n:&ll'o Ruth ,il,!nals an· inipl .. 1ne•nl1•tl i por (' and an· a .. 1M'ia1 .. i1 \\Ith
I h,· il.1l a Im.-, uf 1•11 hn port .-\ 11r port B a~ di' ··rittt•tl ltt•lo\\ .

PARA LL EL LOGt

HA TFP !,

~tn,lit• i:-: "t•nt from th•• t•\h•rnal clt•\"it·t• tu tlw l<TI to intlit·at1· th;,t th, · 1·,1,·rn.1:

,I,•\ in· has just 111:u·t•il \alitl tlata un the• ,lat a lin,•s Wht•n th i-- ,-icn.d l,!•11 •.. lei,
fur at lt•ast :"14111 nan11..•••·11nil,. th••n t,!t11•, hit,!h. th•· tlata prt•s,•nt 1111 th,· ,·il.!111 ilat.e
Ii•~•·~ i, l:1tt·h1•1I. ·•11r port .\ in 11111il1• I i•1p11t. l,it I in port f' 1 l'C •1, j .. ,,...t•d fur th,·
str11l11• sii:nal. ••or I"'" Hin n1111l1• I input. hit~ in port f' ll'f' ~• , .. u,,.,t for tlw
!->I rol11• ,ii:n:al.
Th,· in11ut ltuf(t•r fol! ., ;;,rnal s,•rn•s as an a•·knm, 11•,li:nwnt sii:nal fr11111 t ht• IHI
tu th,•,. tt•rnal tlt•d<·,• Th.. IBf' ,i,.mal ust•s tlw hit,!h ,-1att• :,~ a tnw l'llntlition
IIW t,!t11•s hit:h \\ h,•n th•• HTI 1lt•tt•e·ts a :-lr11l11•tl input pul,,· IIW l,!ot•, lo\\ al,!•.in
r••i:i:-1..r. f'ur port :\ in 111ocl1• I
wh,•n th,• data h:,s h,•t•n rt•:ul from tht•
in11ut. l,it a in 11ort C' t1•c·:-,1 is USt'tl fur tht• un· sii:nal For 111,rt u in mu1l1• I
input. l,it 1 in 111,rt C' t Pf ·11 is ust•1l for I ht• IIW sit,!nal

I"'''

A timin.c ,liai:r:un shuwini: th,• rl'lation~hi11 l,,•t\\t't•n ,lata flu\\ and tlu· ,1rol11•
anti in1iut huff..r full ~ii:nal, i~ .. ho\\ n in Fit,!ur1• :-,-ti.

DATA IFROM UT DEV I

STI 1FAQ11jt UT DEV I

::x________x...,______

____

,..... ,....,..,...,.... ,..,.
..........
IIF 1FAOM ltCJXX l

~.,.__.,{... "' ..,...u.

In moclt• I. th,• parall,·1 purl c·ar. l,!1·n..r:,tt• intnrui,t, tu the· t'Pl" . u,inl,! th,· IHtl
H int..rrupt lint•. Th,• int..rrupt ,·an Ii,• ,·nahll'<I or tli:-al,le·il h~ ,,rit in t,! a p11r1 •·
hit st•t rt•se•t e·umnwnii .
Ttw in11ut intt•rru1,t ,it,!nal. "h,•n t•nal,l,•el. iwts an int..rrupt fl at,! in t lw in1t•r
ru1,t B r••acish•r "ht-11th,· struh,• ,iacnal il'o rurrl'ntly fal.;e• thi~h r and th•· in11111
l,uff.,, full sia.mal is t·urrt·ntl) true• thi~hl. Thi s romhination indic·;1l1·, that th•·
1°,t..rnal dt•vit·t• ha!- clata antilahle• tu lie• r,•ad hy th•• HTI . Thi• in1,•rrup1 ,il,!n,d 1,
r('st-t "ht•n tht' ass,ic·iatt•d ,,.,rt rt•t,!i stn i~ rt'ad .
Th,• intt•rrua,t sit,!nal ,·an ht• t•nal,lt•d ur tli saltl..rl for port .\ ancl port B inill\ itl 11
ally. To enahlt' the• input inteorrupt for 1111rt A. writ .. a purt <' 1,it -.i•t n •,,•t
1·11111man1l tu th,· t·ontrol rt•acist..r \\ hil·h st•ts hit l'C' I ~ .... Tat.It• :-,-:!

CHAPT(" S I PAAAlllL LOGIC

To t•nahl,• th.. in1.ut int .. rru1•t for , .. ,rt B, writ .. · port C' hit ~•t . rt'M't ,·umman,I
to th,• t·untrol r..atistt'r whi,·h iwt!I hit PC~. s.... Taht .. 5-2.
Tht• in1•ut int .. rrupt U!W!f hit Pf':J cfor 1•ort Al· nd hit Pt'o tfor l"•rt H1 intn n:,11~ . Th,•r,•(ort• t ht•st> hit. are nut a\·ailahll' for input l out put pur1M1s.•-. "he•n
inh·rru1,ts art• .. nahle..-1 in mod.. I. Ir inh•rrupt . ar•• .. nahl,•,t in m1lfl1• 1. th•·~
must ht• di. aht ..d ltt•fort• t•nt .. rint,f modt' 0 op.-r tion.
:SOTt:: R--1wa1 ...1 re•.t1lin1t or th,• 1111,rl r,vi. , .. r h~ the Pr11r,-,.. mnal
1•11n111uh•r' Cl't ' llithnut int,•n1•n1ni: :O:TH 11ul,wli r u ,,. th,· HU: .. ,i:nal ,.,
10.0:11• hiirh 'fh,· ISTH Ml(nal ii< nol :arrt'C'tf'd

.... ,°"""' ............

i. . . .

In m111l1• I, tht'ft' art' two hamlshakint,f sit,fnals for t·ontrollintl output frum th,•
RTI to t htt t'Xh•rnal rle•\·i,·,•. Th,•se• art• the• olit put hurf,•r rull I OIW 1 ~il,!nal an,I
t ht' ~u·knowlt•dtr•• I ACK I sit,fnal. Roth sit,fnals art• ir,1plt•nwntt'1I in IM1rt ( • anti ar,·
assot'iatt•d with the• data lin,•s u( t•ith,•r port A or 1,ort Bas ,1, ..,,,•rit11•cl l1t•low
Out 11ut hufft•r (ull !lit(n.al is •wnt from t ht' RTI tot h,• t'xtnnal ,t.,\'i1·t• and i:. u:,•d
to ind it-ah• that t hf' RTI is rt•ad,\· to s,•ml data. It ,·an ht· t hout,fht of as a ~t r11l1t•
:,,iinal to thl' t•xtf'rnal dt•\·it•t>. Wht'n ,tat a is wr:11 .. n tu tht• output 1,ort rt•1.!i:,;tn.
th•• OBI•' siacnal is asiwrtl'tl low. Tht• OHF sit,fnal is rt•st•t hit,!h "ht•n th,• .. ,te•rnal
clt•\·it·•• st•ncls an ac-knowl1•1lfl•• s1t,fnal I :,;1•1· n,•xt parat,fraph I. !-'or port .-\ in n10clt· I
output. hit i in 1,ort (' tl'<'il is u:..-cl for th•• OBI-' sit,fnal. For a,ort R in 11111111 · I
output. hit I in 1,ort (' tPCI I is u. ••I for tht• OBF si,tnal.
Thl' at·knowlt•tlinwnt sia,tnal. ust'fl to indit·att' that t ht dt•\·i,·,• has r,•n•i \ ..,t t ht•
data from tht' RTI, i · sent to tht' RTI hy tht- t•xh•rna l clc•\·i,·t•. To funt'lion
pr111wrly, tht• t'Xtt'rnal clt'\'i<'l' must ass..rt this. it,fnal low for a minimum of :mo
nanost•t·onds. fo'nr port A in muclt' 1 output , hit 6 in port(' 1P('ti1 i:,; ust•cl for th,,
ACK siatnal. fo'ur port R in modt' I input, hit 2 in port (' I Pf'21 is uw,I for th,·
ACK l>i,rnal.
1

A timintl 1liat,fram shtl\\ intt tht> rt'lationsh1p ht-twt'c>n eta ta flm, ancl th,, output
hufft>r full ..1ntl at·knowl .. clJ!t• sit,fnal· i-. ..;hown in Jo'itturt' 5-i.
SOTE: H1•.11hnt an 11ut 1m1 IN•rl 1l1\ 1h,• l'ruf"""lllnal rum 1,u1..r'i- ( ' i'I 1 1r.
modi' I 14111 rl'WI 1h .. ORF .. ,j!n..il ,r II I•'""' ()ulput 1fa1a j,. nul affl'l'll'II
ho141'\"l'r

PARAt LCl LO t

IOATAtFROfll,ClUI

OIF tFAO'1 flClXXI

I Ct1,\PT[R !>

:x- - - - ->C
,,
"

_____

ACI( tFMOM FXT OlV 1

.....

, , ,.... IMelr_°"""'
............
Mode10ulpullftlenupll

In modt• 1. t ht• 1mral h•I l"•rl t·,m 1,!t•,wrah• inh•rrupls to tlw Cl'I'. 11,inl! tilt' IIUJ

n in1 ,•rru11t lint•. Tht• intt•rru111 ,·an ht• ,•nahl,•cl or ,lisahlt•cl hy writ inl! a JH1rt c•
hi I :,•t r,•:-1•1 rum nHmd.
Tht• ouq,111 inh•rrupl sil,!n.1I. wht•n 1•11alil,•1I. st•ls an intnrupt fl at: in t lw intnru111 R rt•l,!ish•r wlwn hut h I hl' m·knm, 1,·,11,!t• t ,\f'K I sil,!nal anti t lw 0111 put hurf,•r
full siinal art• ,·urrt•nt I~ fal:- • I hil!Et 1. This ,·nmhinat i11n indi,·att•-. I hat th,·
•• tt•rnal tlt•,·il·,• has r,•,•t•i,·t•d tlw last clalu sc•nt and is rc•:uly fu r tlw rw,t data
h. ·tt•. Tlw inl..rru11t sil,!nal is rt•st•I wlu n data is wriltt•n lot ht• assm·iatt•cl purl
rt•l,!istttr.
Th,• intc•rru1,t sil,!nal ,·an lw c•nahl,,,I or clisahl,•cl for port A an,I port B incli, id11 ull~·. To ,,m,hh• tlw output intt•rrupt fu1 port A. writt• a p11rt (' hit s.. 1. n·-.,·t
t·ummanil tu th,• t·onlrol rt•l,!istt•r \\ hi<·h ~,•t s hit P<'li. . •,.,. Tahlt• .",-t .
To ,•nahlt• th1 1 output intt•rrupt for l"•rt H. wrilt• a port C l11t s1•t r1•s1•t 1·0111mand
to I ht• control rt•l,!istl'r whit·h !Wis hit PC'2 .'t•t• Tahl,• 5-t.
Tht• 11ut1mt intt•rrupt us,•i- hit PC:J tfur JH1rt A I and hit 1'<'11 1fur J111rt B1
inh•rnally . Tht•rt•fort• thl's.> bits art• not availahl,• for in(lut t output p11rp11-.1•,
,,·h,•n inh•rrupts ar,• t>nahlrd in modl' 1.
Tlw final intrrrupt must ht• h:indlt•tl a ft t'r tht• last , a lid data is ,Hit h•n to an
output purl or rt•:111 from an input purl .

If intnrupt. art• 1•ruthlt•d in ModP I. thl'~· must lw di .. ahlt•d lll'for,· Pnh•rin~
~trntP ti oJ)f'rat ion .

CHAPTtA 5 I PARALLEL LOGIC

JONIIATION

~lod.- 2 011t•r.1tiun 1m1vidt•s th•· t·a1mhilit~· of hi,lirt•rtiun~,1 :-1tr11h,•el input 11ut11ut
Thi. • llows tht• kTI hoth to transmit clata to and tu rt•t·.-h•• ,lata from n•muh•
dt•\·it·t's u,·.. r • n 1\-hit hus.

~,Mtt• 2 opt•r tion i. a\'ail· hie• only fort ht• t,!rou1• A 1iort . Tht• hit :,; u:-t•d in mo,t,, ~
OJ)t'ration are 1ht' .-hrht hit . of 1x1r1 A. usNI for hidirt't'I ional clata t ransl.-r, th,,
four hit of u111ll'r llUrt C, u. 'fl for handsha~int,! . h.tnal s; ancl liit ftf':t, u:-•••I
inh•rnall~ for inlt'rrupt tet•nt•ration.

- - 2 ~ ,............. ....
cwt.. 2 u. s tht>. · nw hantlshakinar iciarnal. for in11ut ancl uuq,ut as JH1rt .-\ in
mcwlt' 1 dot>ic. Th.-.r.- art' two hanclsh· kinar siarnals for rontrollinl! input fruna an
t'Xtt•rnal dt>\·i,·.- lo tht• RTI . Th ..st• are• lht' stroht• 1~TR1 ancl in11111 hufl.-r full
Im•"• !lil[nals. Both sil[nal. ar.- impl,•mt>ntt'd in r1orl C.
Stroh.-. is i-e•nl from tht> t'. ternal tlt>\'it·t• to the• RTI to irulit-ah• that it has ju-.1
pl:&c"NI ,·alid data on thP rlat:i lim•s. \\'h,•n this ici~nal lftw:- lo,, for al le•a:-t ;"i4NI
nanu!lttond .• tht•n 1[0t•s hil[h. lht' data prt'st•nt on th.- .-itiht data !in .. -. i:latt•ht'CI. For modt• 2 in1mt. hit 1 in port C 1PC-t1 i!l u~ for th,• :-trol1t• sil,!nal.
Ttw in11ut hufft•r full si.cn 11 se•rn•s as an a, knuwl,•dt,!nwnt :-il,!nal from t ht• RTI
to the ttXtt'rnal dt>\'ift'. Th, flJI,' sit,!nal U!Ws tht' hiih statt' a~ .a tru,• rnn,l ;!ion.
IRF lftM•s hil{h wh.. n th.- RTI dt'tt>fts a. trotit>CI input pub,,•. IRF .cot's Im, al,!ain
wht•n lht• data has tWt•n rt•ad from tht' port rt>iist.-r. For mod.-::! in1111t. hit :-, in
port C 1PCa1 is uSt"tl for tht> IBF . itrnal.
A tin1ini dia,rram. howini thl' rt>lationship hetwt>t•n data llo\\ anti th,• strot...
and inimt bufft•r full l!>i~nals i~ ·hown in Fit,!Urt> 5-6.
In mod.- 2. tht>rtt art' two handshakinar ·ignals for fontrollini output from th,·
RTI to th.- t•xh•rnal de\'ict>. Tht>!W art> tht> output huflt'r lull 10RF1 :,il,!nal and
thl' a('knowled~f' f ACK I iinal. Both siv,nals are implt>mt'nt.-d in port ('
Output huf(pr full is sent from the RTI to tht' exh•rnal df'\"il't• and is ust>d to
indicatt> that the RTI L rttacly to send data. It ran ht• thou!,!ht of .as a strol1t•
siinal to tht> t>Xlt>rnal d..,·ice. WhPn data i writtttn to t ht• output port r••l!i-.tn.
tht• OBto' siw,al i. as!Wrtcd low. Th,• ORF ·iJ[nal i. rt> et hil,!h wht>n t ht> t>xtnnal
rl ,,·ift> St>nd an a("knowlt>dl,!f' siinal (SN' nut paral,!raph I. For mo,I<> 2 output .
hit ; in J>0rt C CPCi I is ust>tl for tht> 0B1'' • il,!nal.

•

PARALLEL LOGIC I CHAPTER 5

1'ht' rknowlt>dtrm•nt itrnal, used to indit' te I hat thfl dt•\"i('t' has r,,,,.,h ,,,I t tw
d ta from the RTI, il4 !lt'nt to t ht' RTI by the• t•Xtflrnal Jt'\"it·t•. Tu fum·t ion
1n·upt'rl~·. the ext.-rnal de,·in- mu. ta !lt'rt this . iarn I low for a minimum of :MNt
nanOl4et'Ondtl. F •r nu.de 2 output, hit•• in port r (11('61 is u:wd for th,• Af'K
. il(ftal.

....,.. •..

A t iminar dia,rram showintr th.- rt•lat ionship hPtWt't'P rlata flo\\ ancl the• nut put
hulll'r full and ~knuwlt"de&e sitrnal. i. . hown in F11(Ure 5-7.

, oct. 2 intt>rrupts oawr te in a mann.., imilar to modt> I inh•rru1•ts for l"m A.
The intl'rru1•ts ran ht' t•nahled or ,tisahl..ct hy writinar a 1•ort (' hit s1•1/ r1•s1•1
romm nd.

Th.. input interrupt . iarn I, wh .. n flnahled. iwts an int .. rru11t flal! in t ht• inh•r•
rupt B n,ri11ter "'"ht'n the. troh(. . iarnal is ('Urr.-:,tl~· fal!W thil!h I and th,• input
huller full l4il(n I is c·urrPntly trm• thitrhl. Thi. ,·omhination in,11,·ah•s that th,·
PXtPrnal d•\·itt has d ta a\·ailahle• to ht• read h~· tht> RTI. ThP inh•rr •111t sil,!nal is
n-. t when tht> as!ltlt'iat ..,I port rl't,.ri t•r is r.-ad.
The intt'rrupt !lil(llal ran h(. enahl... t or cli~hled. To enahlfl th.- in1mt int.-rrupt
for nu.dt> 2. "'·ritt' a 1,ort r l,it tWt/rt>s.-t rommand to the contr,11 rt•l,!ist,•r whic·h
~•ts hit PC.a. To di. ahlt> th .. input inh•rrupt, UM' the bit st•t / r1•s1•t c·ummaml to
.-1.., r PC4. 8Na Table a-2.
An out1•ut int.-rru1,t is al~ 11ro\·ide•d. Tht> intt-rrupt ran he• .. naht,,,1 or ct ;sahlt•d
hy writintr a port C hit / t rt>!Wt command.
Thtt output intPrrupt il(llal, "'·hen enabled, ~ ts an intt>rrupt flal! in tht' int .. r•
ru1•t B n,ristt'r whttn both the arknowled,re ( ACK I siarnal and tht' output hufft>r
ana rurrentl~· fal!M" Chiarh I. This combination indir lt>s that th .. external dt•vi,·"
h . N"n"i\·ed the last d· ta sent and is ready for tht' nt>~l data hyte. Tht>
interrupt sil(llal i reset wh.-n data i~ written to th.- assodated port rt>itistt>r.
The interrupt . iarnal ,·an he enahlt'd or disahled. To t>nahlt' the ou tJJU t intt'rru pt
for mode 2. writl' a port Chit set/ reset t'ommand to the ('ontrol rt•itish•r which
• t11 hit PC6. To rlear the output interrupt, writt> a bit . t>tl rt>set ,·ummand
whirh C"lears PC6. St,p Tahle 5-2.

Th.. fin I i11t.. rru1,t mu t ht- h ndlt'd h)· your prut,ran1 aft .. r I h,• l:a,1 \lali,I ,tat a
i wriU II to an output port or rt' d frnm an input 1,c1rt .
Th.. nH 2 int ..rrupt u. hit PC:I int ..,n II) . Th..,..fon !hi-. 1111, ulth,1111.!h i, i,
part of ar,oup II. i not ,·ailahw for input / out1lUt purJN1!14•i- "h,•n inh•rruJtl .. ar,•
.. n hW in mode 2.
II i11t•rrupt an- t'n hlt'd in moct. 2, th )' m11. t ht- di. ahlt••I t... ror.... nh•rini
modta O oawratio11.
CDIIIIIJ.,_W

Th.. four pllrt tA, R. up1•r C, lo•·.. r r1 •·an ul'INI :,,imult:an1•11wd~ in diff..r,·nt
modn. Th t i • port A t'an ht- u!Wd for mod.- I in11ut "hilt• 11or1 H is mw,I fur
moch- noutput. Port Rt' n ..., u!l4"d for nuich- I input or out Jtut rt•i:mll,•s!- oft h,·
n1nfi1111r lion of port A. II port~ A · net R · n- u!Wd in moot' n. I"''' ,. ran 111• w..,.,t
in nu.te 0.

NOft9 ON co•••MNI llffllNM. -VICI· POii NMDIHAIUNQ
1-:xt•rnal dt-,·iN'!' att•nt>rat intr h nd. h· kinl( :;iarnal. m ~- or may not UM' th .. sanw
ta•rminol~· a. that J.,, ·rihNI ahm·... •'or ... amplt•, tht' a(·knu\\ l,·dit• siinal ma~
t... ,.. 11...t R.l&Ci)· for 0-.ata, or Mtntt' ot h•r , .. rm. I low.. n•r. if t ht• -.ittnal sn, .... t tw
1mrtNtMC' clt•~·rit....t a""''" · nd c·onforms to Tl'[• . tandard h•n-1-.. ii c·an t.1• 11-.1•11
for th•• h· ncl. hakinar . itrn I.
To n1nllf'C't th.. t'Xtt"rnal d.-,·itt' h nd~hakinl( itrnal. ronnt'c·I a wir,• fr11m th,·
sitrnal' lt"rminal to th• aJtpropriat• hit in port r . SN' Tahlt• ri-:i for the• hit!u!Wd. Al. ronnttt th• tcarmiHI'. 1rround to a port (' 1rrouncl 1,in. 1:.... Fi..rur,•
1-2.1

.....,

.,,..... ,.............. c

Input

,..,,.

STB

PC4
PC5
PC7
PC6

PC2
PC 1
PC 1
PC2

08f
ACK

•

1aMI

....,
l8f

Output

M1f1

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x••
·················~·····························
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••x•••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
•

••••
•••••
•••••••
•••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••x•••••••••
xx~••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••xx~~•••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••KXX~XXXXXXX

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xx
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxx•,·x••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x•xx
···················~····················~··
••••x•x••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

6
Self-Test ROM Logic
and Diagnostics

Chapter 6
Self-Test ROM Logic and Diagnostics

,.., ....."°"
IFitCUre 6-1. Self-Test ROM Lo,it Block Diaerram . . ummariu- th.- operation ur
th.. llf'lf-tnt ROM lotrit and diaarnostit .
The iwlf-te!lt ROM lotrit con ii1t1 of a 12-bit ,·ounter, a -IK x
1-;ra. ahle
Protrrammable ROM I EPROM I, and t'nablinl( IOl(it·. Tht> rount.-r i. relWt to z.-ro
by tht' power-up INIT 11i,rn I. The tombination or th.. AOOI . WRT, SEIJJ, and
ADD'l si,rnals pnerates the LD ROM ADD . i,rnal, whiC'h load!I the rounter
with addreu 0. The rombination of the ADDI and WRT -.i,rnals, or the SEL0
and ADO-l 11i,rnal1, ~n•rates the READ ROM sil(ftal. Rl-~AD ROM . to.cethttr
with Slavt' Drive Enable 1SDEN1 ~ner tl"II the ENABLE ROM sitrn I, whi,·h
enables the ROM and rlotks th• tounter. Eath time the ENARLI-: ROM sitrnal
ottun, the ROM transfen a byte of data to the Prof., sional t·omputt!'r's CPI ',
and the tounter intrement11 to point to the next byte in the ROM . Th.. pr0trram
l'ontained in the ROM is thus loaded into the Profe!.4 ional rompu er'i. ('Pl' and
run to thKk out the three lotrit interfatt typt> on the Real-T;nie lnterfa,,.,
Module. The PCJXX-A4 Rf'ld
l11terJ,·•r.- 011•11n·~ .'tla111111I cuntinut>s an
ex planation of tht' possible uror l'odn in th• event the :Wlf·tl'st RUM ell'tttl'ts a
problem.

r;,,,.,

f.HAPlEA 6 j SELF - TEST AOM LOGIC ANO DIAGNOSTICS

4K XI
12
ADDfllSS
LINH

UPflOM

ADfl

----------u,

OIUS<7 O>

------DOW N

--------•C Lfl
~......------LOAD

SILO
ADD2

,.... ..,
•T

IIOIILOIIC
lr-t•~b ha,·• run, the output!' or th, int,rfac,
Th.- volt l(e ar appr ximate and r•
.•w.
1
r in th• rondition ILt..d t...
,·alid only if no f'Xtttrn I ct.,·itt is conn~ted.

NOTE: Art.-r th• powM-up

rted, llierh I• .-1: +5 volts minimum
Low lt•v,·I. 5 volts maximum

Seri I lnt•rfatt-Una.

IEEE lnterfatt-Una sM-rted, Out11ut Hiih: 2.5 ,•oils minimum
Output Low: 0.5 volts maximum

Parallel lntt'r(ace-Un a~Mrtt"d, thr -. tale condition (hil{h impedanc,)

SELF-TEST ROM LOGIC ANO OtAGNOSTtCS CHAPTER I

PROGIIA

Thtc" ROM lo~ic <·on ta ins a data re~ister and an add res rt')fi. ter. Both r••~i:tcr
arfl rl<•ared at
,·••r-UJJ and at hus INIT. ~ Fil(ures 6-2 and ••-!J for the
information <·<mtained in each r•~isler.

I"•

FUNCTION

lltfAOOHLY

I. :.:- :.:.:.:. :- I
15

OIi

IITS
07

AOOft(SS
00

:~0-~ATA:

117775:!GI

,..,.1-2

11011 Data ....... ,

IIUNCT•OH

IITS

I. .: .:. .: ~ :. :.I . :.:.:.:.:.:.
15

·""Tl ONL.,

°'

OIi

AOOftESS

•

117775102

•• ,. ,1

ROM Dela

The low h.\ tti of the ROl\l data reii~tt•r i: a data winclow into the no~I. Each
tinw the ROM Jata rt•titister i: a,·<·t.'S~eJ, thti next location of the ltOl\l clata i:
made a\·ailable.
ROMAddrN•Mt-•

The ROM addres register is ust-d to select aJdress O of the onhoanl HOM . Thi.
rt-gister is rlearcd when any number i written into it. The CPU Bu. INIT al. o
clt•,us this retcister.
LOOPIIACK CONNECTOR

A l001,hack r,.nnertor (part numtK,r 12-2124fj-0J) i a\'ailable a. an option. It
operates in th,· service mode as desrriht_td in the PCJfHJ Snil' Puckd & ·,·rir,,
Gui,/,, (Order 1lumber EK-PC3f>O-PS-OOI ). The PCJXX-AA R('(1/-Tim,· Inf, .,-.
Jt1<'(' Module O,rm·,·· .Mamwl rontains information on orderinJ! the loophac-k
connector and PO<'ket Service Guide. ThP loopbark connertor i de i~nt>d to he
u ed with the diagno tir di. kette and provide more exten ive te ·tinai? JC the
Real-Time Interface Module by looping SLU 1 of the erial logic back to SL 2,
and Port A of the parallt-1 logir ba<·k to Port B. The l001,hack cunnt-clor doe. not
prm·ide 1001,back te. ting for the IEEE-4 ' port.
3

CHAPTtR

I SELF-TEST ROM LOGIC ANO DIAGNOSTICS

n
In ortlt•r to perform tlia~nosti r h•stin~ on the Real-Tinw lnh'rfat·t• Mrnlult•, tlw
PIUS Installati on and Mainh•na n('e diskette must first ht• up,lah'cl to irwhult•
the RTI dia,:nost int The upclat in~ 1,rm·t•dure is as follows.

.. ·---

,,..

PIOS S)·stem Di. kette Vl.7 or later

Installati on and Maintenanc·t• lliskette

Maintena nce Test Diskettl'

Real-Tim e lnterfact• l\lodult• Dia~nosti c llisk,•tte
NOTE: In h•ad ol a iw1• rat .. Mainh•nant ·e T•. t llii-kt•llt•, ~ ou ma~· h,l\'t' a

Prol .. ion I lni-uallation and l\lainh•nan,·t• lli. lwtt•· Numl1t•r 1 an,I Ui-."••llt•
Numl'M"r 2. In thi. ra. , th,• u1Nlalini ttrnr,-.lur• i. .. '-u·tl~ th,· sanw. ~i1111•I~

. uh~titute Numh,•r 2 wht•rt•,·t•r tht• Tt•i11 di. kt•tlt" i. .-all,•,I for in ttw follo\\ inar
prurNlur. .

.....,.,,,,,_ .,.
I.

Put the PIUS sysh•m cliskt•Ut• into dri\'t• I arul turn tlw pmH•r on .
The s~·stem runs tht• IK,wt1r-u1, !•wlr-h•!d, anti if sm·c·••ssful, will
dis1,lay the I )i.cital lo~o in rr\'l'l'St' \'iclt•o anti lo.ul t lw opt•rat inl,!
sysll•m into nwmory.

A 1,rom1,t a1,1K•ars to loacl an applit·at ion proJ!ram . l{c•mon• t lw
ystem diskettl1, rt'plal'e it with tht• installati on ancl mainh'nan t·t•
cliskette, and press RESUME. Th" mainh•nant·t• !wn·it·c•s proj!ram i:-:
loaded and you art' promptt-d to 1,lat·e tlw ll•sl cliskt•th• in drin• i .

The maintPna nre S('f\'it·es menu is displayt•d. St•lt•(·t upclah' sc•nin·s
and press DO. Pres , DO at,tain to continue.
Remo\'e the test di kt•tll' from dri\'e 2 and rt•plare it with the•
diskette containin K the• m•w Jtroj!ram . Plare tlw HTI cliaJ?nost ir
diskette in drive 2 and pres· RESUME. Tlw HTI diaJ?nostil' is rnpit•c l
onto the in. tallation and mainh•na nre diskette. "Ul'llA Tl-:
MAINTE NANCE SER\"ICE S"is displayPd on tlw scn•t•n .

SELF-TEST AOM LOGIC AND DIAGNOSTICS I CHAPTER I

Remow tht• Hl I diaa:nostic diskette Crom dri\'e 2 and filp it in a saft>
a•lat·c. Place the te t ,li.-k~tte back in dri\'e 2 and a»rt-ss RESUME. Thl'
RTI tliaa:nostir is coa»it-d Crom the installation and mainfrnance
diNk~ttt• onto tlw tt>sl diskette. When this is su,·,·cssfull~· t·om1»lt•lctl,
the followini ·reen di. 1,la.)· a1,pears:
"SUCC[ss•
"The 1nstallat1en ef the ~l•9nest1cs ls now co•plete."

Th! 1•rocedure for runnini th(• ltt•al-Time lnt.-rface Modul(• di.aj!no~t it·s is
r,,und in the PCJXX-AA Rt•(1/-Tim,; l11lt•1;Jtm! 014•11,·,·'s Mumwl (~K-PC3AA0 I).

YUSI II.MK

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•••xxxxxx••xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•
x•xxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx•••••
xxx••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
······································~······
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
········~··························
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
X

•

XXX

•••x•

••••xxx
xxx•x••••
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•x
xxxxxxxxxxx•x••••••
•••x•••xxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxx•xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxx

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

xxxxxxxxxx•••••••••••••xxx•••••••
•••••••••••••••••xxxxxxxxxxxxxx••••
xxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxx•••••••••••••••
xxxxxx•xxxxxxxx••xxxxxxx•••••••••••xxxx

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx••xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx~x•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx~xxxxxxxxx•xxxxxx••••••
97

7
The Analog Data
Module

Chapt
T

Analog Data

T
11aloar Data -Male I AD •• how11 in Fi1111re 7-1. llows N'al-time roll«tio11 of analoc data. The data i
mpled and ron ertt'd to reprewntath·e
ditrital \' I
whieh cu then he , tored nd proentted uily .

..... ,.,

--------

The AO i1 dni.-d tot. run in conjunction with a Proff' ional :m !Wrie
romputer nd PC3XX-AA
I-Time lnterfac. Module. Thf' Rf'al-Time lntf'rf
Modul• is in lled in tht" card c-.e of the Prof..- ion I cumputf'r and
ronftftts to the ADM throu-" a 62-pin cable supplied with the ADM .

•

CHA~TER 7 I THI ANALOG DATA MODULI

n~· lahoratory dt-\'itt produt"t' ta in an luer form. A t·ontinuousl)· \',tr)·ina.t
rnlt• l't'pn-. n1" th• dat to ht- rolll"t"t.ci. In l,ff"n.. ral, tht>: • halM1r· tor~· dt•\ it·,•-.
also m k• u or trilQll'riner . iarn I or . t tu siarnal to t•onH·)· a,lititiu:-ial
inrormation hout th.. data or th.. d ta tran fer.
Tt.. follo•·inar paraer, 11h. hiarhlierht th.. I atur..s or th.. All.

The

ll. ff'at rt" t•iecht .-hannt'I. or tru.- ditrt'N•ntial analciar input . The• :\ll~I

t"On,·•rt" an lntr. iarn I into 16-hit 1,i;..;,~1 ,·alut' • orr.. rinar a rt•solution or om•
part in tia.;a: · C~ dRI. lnJmt ,·ah1t'!' ·an ran..- hc•twN"n -a \'cilts anct •:, wit s.
Protft"tion riN'uitr~· pr.-,·.-nL dam.aet\> to th.. unit ror in1mt sia,tnals u11 to :! I
,·olt11.

Th• All. hardw ,. i. ra1•ahlt> ,,r a .,... k analoar sam11linl( raff' or ~t4NNl sam11ltts
lll'r !M."t'Ond. A c-ontinuous s:1m1,linl( ratt' will he 1..ss th:.n this, and clt•Jtt•ncls
upon th
you do.

pt'('ifil's of your a11plic- tion and th• amount or sof'twar.. 1•rO("f'ssinl,!

TIIUI W►E•lfflM. INPUT AND AUTO·ZIIIOING CIIIICUIT

Tht' AO r.-atur · true ditr.. r .. ntial input whit'h prO\·id.-s a hia.th t"Omnwn -modt•
rt>jft"tion r tio and N'dut'n th• prohl•m or noi ~ -indun>d error.
Mo. t d t · produriner de,·i.... han• two terminals: on• posit in• h•rmin ul \\ hit·h
produt't'. th d· ta repr•!H"ntath·• \'olta,ct", and ont> minu. or r.-turn tnm in. I for
t'Ompl tinar thL riN'uit . Some AI D ron,·ert•r. take a input only th(• pusi tin•
lt'rmin I iarnal and me suna it. potential difrerent"t" to l{round a. data. Tht>
All. ·. ditr.. r.-ntial prttamplirier take. both side of thf' dat a dt•v ir.,·s sil,!nal as
in1,ut nd mea. ur.-s thtt difrerf'nC'e hetwttn thf'ir re. J)PC'ti\'t> \'olt al,!Ps as clata.

The AllM also reatures an auto-zerointt t'irNit whiC"h subtra<'ts all inl)ut orfs,•t
mil·
attrihnta hle to thf' pn>amplifier.

THl ~OG DATA MOOUL[ I CHAPT£ .. 7

I ah,,.. a s•r,.._.,. m
11raift ,.,... plifi r ·hi,·h ., tn-11 ..
d)·n mi:- ra.n to 1:ti dB, nd · llo ' !4 lo ·-1.-,·rl an· lot( . iarnal. to t... mm ••rtt•tl
• ·ith ,rn-at r rt'. ,lutiOII. T • ,.,...un ifwr ay ht- ••,, IA" rr lo· w,t \\ it h a
ck-. irttd pift, or it m· )' ht- pro.rraffl d to
t r in.. ttw apJtro11ri;1h- it.a in
automatit-ally oft a rr· 1-tinw ha. i.. Gai of 1. t. 1 · · nft ti-I • r .. J•ru, itt.•,t
Tlw AD.

- - -YIIIII CI.OCII
A prOllfa m hi.. real-tillk' rloc·k allt . thf. t·oll4"4·tion of data :-am1,w~ tu 11C·c·ur
at a
ft ·art'-. IN"t
fn-qut>ftt')' . T
e•ltlC'k fflay ht- . t to 01wr· ,., :.t an~
lrt•e1ut'nt·)· ht-t•·...-n ft :..nd a kHz for· nalol( d· t:.. and ht>t•·.,..n o ancl 1:.. Ulz (or
di,rit· Id ta. Tht' .lov:P. t !4f'l•c·tat.lf' rloc·k 1,Wriod i · Hi.-t JWf'Onrl:-. f "9C't' St>t, a rlata
poiftt i.. · mpl..d and ron,·..rtecl al .., ..,r)· tic-k of thf' rlork.
NOLDC
Tht• AO. rm1,loys a tr· k-· nd-hold c-ir,uit for analol( rnnH•r:-iuns Th,• c·irruit
c·untinually trac-k. or follo•·!I th.- output of th.. :\H. t JJrt'amplifi..r
' h.-n a
l'ommaftd to ron,·.. rt · !4am11lt' is rflt•ph·rd, th.. n,lt·
1.. , ... 1 i:- h.. 1◄ 1 c·on,t,mt
whilt' thl' A/ 1) t·onn-rt ..r rirt·uit lft-nf'r tPs tht' clil[ital , .. luf'.
Th .. trat'k-and-hold t'irruitry ht>l11s ine·rras.. tht> s11ff<l o( th.. Af)~ . Tht' holtl
c·irt·uitr)· h.. 11• Jtre\'t'ftt tht' t'onn•rh•r from misintt>rJlrt'tinac a rapidly c-han~in6!
siecnal. A. ilCftal • ·hit·h \'arit's mort' th n 1:-,3 mit'rovolts durintr th.. eon,.,rsion
tim.. would 1w mi intt'rpreffd if tht>rf • ·f'tt no hold l'ir<"uit. Th.. mf>asur.. m.-nt
of the lttai.t. itrnifit·ant hits would ,·ary from what thf' at> ual \'alul' "as at th..
timt' th.- i,rn· I wa. ac-t1uir..d . cTht' lea. t sil(nifit·ant hits of th .. di)!ital ,·atu .. ar..
det.-rminf'd la. t . I

--·

S..n•ral •~·pr of analo,r data tolleetions Mrt' a\'ailahl.-. The AflM allo" . c·oll ..,·tion ol ontt data sample, multiplP data amplt> on OJlft c·hann••I. or multi1,I,• data
• mplt>s on muitil)lt' t•hannt'L h·allttd Wt't'psl. In addition, you t"an s..lf'l't ho"
d· ta c·olltttion hf',cin; ~itht>r a software trilQ[er, whf'rP rollt>t·ti n lwjlins as
n as a rommand byt.. rx...-ut .. s; or a hardwar.. trila(er, whttrP ,·11llf'<'tion
llt'l(in. when thf.' AOM dt>tt>c·ts a nP~ath·e \'Oltajle tran ition on thl' dii.•ital input
. trip. CSt-t' Oitrital Input an<l Output , hf.low. I C'ollel·tiun o( multipt .. :amplt>s c·an
ht" rontrolled t.y tht> ADM ' rt'al -tirnt' prUj!rammablt> t"lo<·k or hy :uh-w4u.. nt
hardware trilCl(t>r .
101

OUTNT

Th• AllM rontain on• -hit dierital in1•ut harri .. r stria, nd on .. >--hit cliiital
11u11,ut . trip. ThP!W ..-,n.. ral pur&IO!lt' purls t·an he- ui-t•cl ror a ,·ari,•ty of tas~iin,·lucliner hard\\'aN' triai11t•rin1r of data aequisition, t·ol11•<·tintr status information rrum d.-,·ino • 1·olle-c·tin1r "•hit ditrit· I data, and • ·ritintr t•onunands tu t•xt..rnal d•,·itn.
Tht> die,rital input harri•r ·tri1• r.. tur..s ~• ·hmitt tritQ(t'rs for more• ,,•r. atil,·
a1,1ali,•;&1ion . . S.·hmitt tri.-rs r1•s1,und to \'Oltlilll" len•ls rath•r than transition • and t" n th•r..for• dt>h't'I
a transition a iecnal whit·h ,·hana:..io: slowly . A
loerieal O i . t on a ditrital bit wht•n a siecnal droJk' he-lo•· O.i' rnlt .. A lotcit" I I is
s..t •·lwn a ,·olta.,.. ri. . hon• I.ti \'Ult .. Thi. · llo•· tht• ditrital in1mt strip to
r.-s,,ond tu Tr· n:istor-Tr.ansistur Loaric· tTTl.t lt'\'l'I . itrn· Is and non-.tan,l:arel

iacn:.I .

•:a,•h ditrital input hit is .a:soc·ialt•J with · n analo1t l'hannl'I for h:mlwar..
t ri.,.'Jrl'rinl(. I ~ TrilQ,(l'rint: ~odt's, aho,·1•.1 'h•n a transit ion from lcll[it-al 1,·,·••I
I to lotriC"al 1.-,·.. l O trnlta.a-- dro1,s h..lo•· H.~ ,olti-t is dt•tl'l·h•cl on a ,li,.dtal in11ut
hit. data l'ollt'C·t ion t-,rins on t ht• as!itit•i:ahoel analotc t·hannl'l. Thii- is t rm· uni~
ror hanlwarl' tri~rNI cl.at· · t·t1ui. it ions.
The• di1rit· I out1111t harri.. r tri1, u io: Transistor-Transistor l.o~i•· cTTLt for
out1mt . Thii- standarcl dt'rin..s a lotcil'al OcTTL •~•• t as a n,ltat:.. of 1,·M• than O,-,
rnlt s · nd a lo,ri,·al I I TTI. lli1rh I as a rnlt aatl' u: 1rr.-ah•r than :U rnlt , . I),,, i1·1•:,, hit•h ha\'t' in1,ut ports that c·cinforn1 to TTI. t·an t-... 1•11nn1•t·1t•1l clirc•t·t I) tu th ..
.\ H!tl's di1tital output harri•r . trip.
Th.. diarital output h;.rri,•r . tri11 also ft•aturt•s thrt't'-stah• output :-11 that :.
C'U . tomiwcl hus <'Mn t-... dt'siarnf'd. Thrt't'-statt' output is a hit:h imtM•clant·I' st alt•
• hi<·h is nt'it h1•r TTI.. I.ow nor Tl'L llitrh.
1111 MD 11111M. LM '°"'9

Cunnt't'turs on thf' AD~t's 1>ant'I allow tht• IF.fo:fo~-4~ hu: and :-.t•rial lin1· unit
port. of tht' Rt'al-Timt' lntt'rfart> Modul .. to lw al're . d. Th.. ,\ U!tl pa:st•s t ht•s.•
fonn ..etion dirt'l'tly to tht' R•al -Timl' lnt.-rf· n• Modult' and wrfurm s nu
prON". sinl( on tht'm . Thi. allows simultant>oU · u. of tht> All~t with IEEE hus
and iwrial data transmis-.ion. For information on tht' use of tht>st• JM•rt s and tht'
tY(Jt'. of t·ahl ... a\'.&ilahl .. for ct ..,·i,..., mnn ..,·tion .• re>fer to th .. J•f'./XX-.·t ·I R, ,,/.
T1111, l111, 1:fitr1 M,H/11/, o,,.,,, ,·:.. .\1111, 1111! cEK -Pf'3AA-O~t -OO'l l.

THE ANALOG DATA MODULE I CHAPTER 7

Th.- Al>
how. t

1,ant1I i~ u. I for n, kinar all t'Onnedio n to the ADM. 1-~i~ure 7-2
AU I 1,ant'I nd identifies each feature.

.......,_ ''""

OICilTAl OU1~T

Sf"'Al

e: ...._

U111•1 I

l All l t
CONlitfC10a

1•~·

CO'IIW(CTO"

' .. .... ,",Off

Thi. l .. ~ll, wh.-n lit, indit'ate that a re et t·onclition exi. ts. Data <•olll'rtion is
halted ·hile thi liarht is on.

Thi LED, ·hen lit, indicattts that the ADM is currently collectintit data in
·ttp mod . ( • Ch pter 3 for definition s
data at·quisitio n modes.)

Thta. LE , ·hen lit, indicate that the ADM is currently amplintit data on the
indicated channel.

The analQK input connttto rs are u. ed for collerdntit analo~ data. Cal IP and
connerto r are pro\·itltad for makintit ronneetio n i o the e connecto rs. (See Chapter 4 ford tails on con lructing the cables.)

103

CHAPTl" 11 THI ANALOG DATA MOOULE

Th.- cliaril I ina•ul t rri,•r . 1ri1, allow. t•:&s)· ronnc't·lion lo the• ,lil!ilal in11111 purl
Tht• stria• ,·onsi l ol h•n IIU!'- hlah ,-c,nnt-c·lors: on,• 1111sh1ah for t•:u·h hi1 in tlll'
cliarilal in1•ul 11ort and t\\u aiush1ahs for ,rround r1•ft•rt•n1·1•s. ('11111W1·!i11n .. ;art •
n1aeh- h)· pu hinar in 1h.- 11ush1:&h and ins.•rtinar th,• t·unchu-tur kc•l,•a~inl! tlll'
11ushtah holds th.. rondm·tor in 11lat't•. ft., sur.. to s1ri11 h:u·k an~ in .. ulatiun 1111
)·our ,-.,ndu«'tor •••Ion• in. ,•rt inti ii into I h,• 11u. h1ab.

----

Tt · 1li11it;al 011111111 t rril'r stri11 allo\\S t•a. ) t·onnt'l'lion tu tlw dil!ilal 1111tp11t
Tht• stria• ron. i t. of , .. n 11u. htah t·onn...-tors· on .. 1mshtah for 1•;u·h hit in
, lh• , iarital oul1111t 11111rt ancl I\\ 11 1111-.:htahs for .rround r,•fn1•n,·1•s. C'11nn1•1·1ions
ar.- mad.. h) 1111shinar in t ht• 11ushtal1 · ml iniwrt inl! I h1• 1·11nchlt't11r. k1•l1•;1!'-illl! t lw
11ushtah hol,I. th.- ,•onchU'tor in 11lm·1•. Ht- surt' to i-tri11 hm·k any ins11l:,1ion 11n
)'our t'Ctnclut•tor l11•fon• ins.•rl inl! ii inlo I hc• 1msh1ah.

Th,• AU~'!& ru~• i. a 2.-... \oh t am111•r1• . low-lilo\\ fus,• fur ·~· \Ult ••II \ irull •
rwnl . • nd a T'i.o an11..-re• 111,1• fur :HO rnlt t•m ironnwnl !'. 1Th,· \lt'.\1l 1f ' . \:! j.,
de•. i1tnt'cl fur a l:!U rnh t•nvironnwnt : t ht• All'.\tl't '. _.\;; i!'- 1h•... i~rw,I fur a :.! JU , uh
t•n\ irunn,.. nt . I If t ht• ru. t• fll't'CI S to .... rc•11la1·t'II, 1111 nut r,•plat·t• ii \\ ii h ;1 ru,,·
dirt.. rt'nt from the• oriarin· I.

On the• On Off . wit,·h. a indimh•s OS, o indic·ah•s on,•

...... c•

...

This c-onnN"lor 1•rm·idt'. JH't'C". i,, lo I ht' 1F:1-:a,;.-1~ hus on I h,· k,•al-Tinw I n1..rfa,,.,
• uclut.-. Tht• All~I clews nol 1irot·t•ss the• 11-:1-:1-: si~nals on 1hi!'- l" •rl hut pa!" ..t ':-.
tht•m dir.-rtly lo 1h,• He-al-Tinw lnh•rfat't' ~loclul,•. Thi s c·unn1•1·111r cl111•:-. 11111 all11\\
th .. Allil tot... sp.-dfit'II as a d,•vic·.- on an lf:r-:E hu~.

TH[ ANALOG DATA M O LE I CHAPT[R ~

U·'- C1R1,i■ 11117 C... CM Ill II
On.- ••nd ol th.- t·omhination c-ahle• (liart numht>r: 17-01111:Ni-fr.;1 attadws 111 1hi,
n1lll1t't·tor; th,• olh•·r ••n,I .allm·he•s to th•• inh•rm•I 1·ahl,· of 1lw H,•a l-Ti11w lnl.-rfo•·•• ituduk-.

, . . ac...... ,

It~•~•~

Th.. iwri I line• unit t·unn,-.·tor., lilw th.hu. •·onn••t·tur. ar•• Jla,-..•,I
,tir•,.·tl) tu th•· :-t•rial lin,• unit ••orts on th,• R.-al-Tinw 111 ·rf:u·,· ~' "•111,, TIii'
.\ H'.'.1 1het•s nol ••rot·••s:,. t h••st• sia,tm,ls in any "~~-.

This j:u·k ••ro\ide•. • :-, wit .. "' •"m••r al n :!;', am1et•r1·s an•• is for Hi1tilal Fu·l,I
~•nit·•· 11se• uni) . Th•• ja.·k is ru~,· 11rohtt·h•1l, hut th•· (us•• i-. nut us,•r r,·pl.-,·•·ahl•·
r-..•r:,. m.a~inl.! •·onn••t·tiun tu th i-. j:u·k clo so at th••ir """ ris~.

......

Th•· r••-44•1 S\\ ih·h ii- .a m1111wnlar~ •·1111t;u•t 10.,.~l•• :--\\ ih'h Wh,•n clt·pn•, .. ,.,I. 11
.,rod, ..... I h•• s,mlt' furwt ion ...... '"'" ••r-orr. •Ml\\t'f•on ··~ .-1,· fur 'h,· .\ l)~l
Wh••n t ht• r••s.•I :o-\\ ih'h j:,. •••·••r1•-...;1•••· .all in11ut an•• out 11111 pro1·1•.. -.in1t ,.,.,.,, .... I h,·
,·lo,·~ s11111s. an•• :rn~ ••ala in th,· h:artl\\art• ,lala t111ff..r i-. 1·le·ar,•,I Th,· tl11tit:al
11111 put :,.I rip is s••I to I ri -st ah• "''"••·· .\fh•r a r,,._..t. I he• .\I 1\1 ,houltl 1..- rt· ·
ini1i:1li1.1... usi nit th,· .\ISIT suhroutirw of th,· l'l'TIL ..;ofh,ar.-.

•· ■ ~I. G: 1"111• of th•• Rt,;:,.t,;T -~ •te·h ,hmnl,! an .. ,,11lu-:.11.. n 1,
un1,r•~h, 1al1l1· If ,m .11111111 .,1 '"" '""'"""'' hunt! anol t<t-:~t-:T ,.. u ,-.I ,,. , 1,·.,r
I It,· \ I 1\1 , 1h,· .. ,,,,lwal 111n ,h11ul,I 111• r.-,1 ;,rto•,I , ,. ,•n,ur,· ,l.. tJ , ,,II,,, 111,n

,,,,. ,..~
,-,,,. , ,,.

105

CHAPlUI 7 I THC ANALOG DATA MOOULE

Tht• .-tm,l,-.1 hul11 .V,11/11I, 011•m ·1•:-: .\10111111I su1111li,·1l ,\i:h th,· .\H~I prm icl,•s
additional information ahoul th•• Al)~I. llowt•H•r. ••haph•r :! 11f ltw .\nalu,:
I la • ludul.. dt>st·rilw. t ri~rinar motlt•. and data a,·11ub,i1 ion ft.at ur,•-. ,, hid1
n-t1uin- th.. Ui.4' or th.. rror... . innal Rt•al -Tim.. lnt .. rra,-.• l.1hrary or l'l(O TtNtl
Kit Rt•al-Tinw lntt♦ rf.u·.. l.ihrar) IIN1lh ahhrt•,iah••I as l'lrr11.1. lnform:,t ion
1•n1,·ickad in Ch;a111t•r :I or I ht• :I m,l,-.1 /)uto .lt,11111I, U,,.,,. ,· :-: .\f,1111wl nm~ or ma~
nol hf lrut' wh .. n 11roarrammi111,t tht• AllM in asst•mhly l:rni:uai:1· S11nw of ttw
.'111,fol, O,,.,,, ,. ·s .\l,n 11 ,tl "r,•
t ril(l(t'rintr mo,lt•s ,lt•i.t·riht•rl in Iht• .·I 111,1,,,,
11rm·itlt-d h)· t ht• PltTII. sort\\" rt•, not I h.. hard" art•. \' ou shoultl, I twr,•fort•, r,•1~
on thiM manual for informal ion 111•rtaininar lo lrie..'l!••rinlf mod,•s "h,·n proi:ram mintr th.. AO~I in ;a. s.•mhly lanarual(t'.

I~,,,,

The• information in th.. otht•r ,·h· 1•h•rs or tht• .11111/uu /111111 .'1,,./11/, o,,.,,, ,.:..
•\111111111I, in,·ludintr t ht• infornwl ion on I ht• Ar ~l's front pan,•1. 1·1111-.1 rul'f illl!
anal0tr ,·ahlt•s, and usinl,! lht• clil,!ital in1mt / out11111 harri.-r strip. i~ all ,·al icl
wht•n 1•rotrr.emminar tht• AU~I in a:-s,•mhl~· lani:uaJ.!,'.
CAIi.iNG CONNICTIONI

The• Al>~I is ,·onn.-.·h•cl to tlw ltTI\ int..rnal t•altl1• usi11).! ttw ti~-pin c·altl,•
su11111it'CI with I htt All~I. This 1·ahl1• ,·arrit•s all or t ht• HT l's input 11u1p111 si,:nal~. On thtt All~I. hu,,·,,,.-r. th,• IEEl-:- 1 >- ltus ,·onn1•c·t11r an,I 1h1• ' " " :-;1.r
,·onnN·tors art• 11:ass-t hro11J;!h ,·onrw,·turs only Th,• ,\ lt~I d1K·~ not pr, ,,.,... ~ ~ill•
nals on t hc•:t• inh•rrac•t•s in an) w.a)· Tht• AllM is c·cmt roll,•<1 t hr1111,:h t tw lffl's
11.mall,•l l/ 01111rt . Wht•n ·ou ww tht• AH~I ,,ith th,· lffl. th,• parall,·1Jturt i, nut
:a,·ailahlt• for incl..111•nclt•nl 11ro1lramminar.
Tht• .-tm,I,,,, l>ut11 .V,11111/, Owm·,··~ .\fo,11111/ prmicl,•s full in, trut't iun, fur ,·1111 slrtll'linJ;! analo~ i.iinal c·ahlt•s an,I mal..inl,! ,·11mwrt i11 n tu th,· a 11 a l11~ d1a nn,•I-.
anti cli!lital input / ouq,ut hurri,•r stri1>s.

1•

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•x xxxxx ••xx•• x• X
XX.XX.XX
X
xx~•••••••••x•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x
xxxx•••••x•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••x••••••••••••••• •
•••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
AX•••••••••••••••
)t • • • • • • • • • •

•••••••••••••x•
••••x,ns••••••

•••••••••••
•••••••••
•••••••
•••••
•••

•

•
•••
•••••
•••••••
xxxxxxx•x

•xx••••••••
•••xxxxxxx•xx
xx•x•••••••••••
•••••••xxxxxxx•xx
xxx•xxxxxxxx•xxxxxx
••••••••••••••xxxxxxx
xx••x•••••••••xxxxx••••
••••••••••••••x•••••x••••
xx•xxxx••••x••••x•x•xxxx~xx
x•x••••••••••••xxxx•x•xx•xxxx
x·
..iex•••••••••••••••xx••xxxxxxx
xx•xxxx•xx•••••••••xxx••••xxxxxx•
••••••••••••••••••••••x•x•xxxxxxxxx
••••••••••••••••xxxx••••••••x••xxxx••
••••••••x••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxx•
••••••••••••••••••••••••xxxxxx•~xxxxxx•••
xxx••x••xxxxxxxx•xxxx•••••••x•x•••x••••xxxx
xxx•••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••x•xxxxxxxxxx
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxxxxx•
xxx••x••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxxx•x•••xxxxxxxx
•••••••xxxx•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xxxxxxxxx

10 7

8
Theory of Opera tion

108

Chapt
Theory of Operat ion

•n• ra
The AD)I i prim•ril)·
iped to toll t an Iott data· how v r, dil(ital data
r n be mllftted u w II. Thi i di u
in Ch pter 10. The rollo•·in1r di!1tu11. ion dtwribn how th• ADM ron,·erts a sincle nalOI( mple. Fi~r. 8-1 pro\·id a hlock diaarr m over\·iew of the ADM.
Wh.n an ..-xtern I volt..- i oonnetted to on• or the ADM'11 analotr input
eh nMI on th rront paMI, the \·olt• c n hto ronv•rtt>tl to a 16-hit dil(ital
\' lUt" repr. ntin• th t \•olt . The ton\'t"rsion ran be initiated ttither by the
ADM'11 internal clwk, an .xt•rn I trilQll'rinar wirt" ronnN'ted to th.- dil(ital
input barri•r . trip, ur immedi t•ly upon th l't"C.' ption or a cnmmand rn>m the
Proi ion I comput< r to ton\·ert a \'Olta,te.
The ADM's an loe channel conllfttors ar. dirr.-rential input t-onntttor . A
difi r.ntial input ronnettor tak hoth sides or a data sil(ftal I plu11 and minu I
input and ubtrwt1 the minu rrom th plu si1r11al. Th• rt"sultant 11iarnal i
u!led
the data volt_.. Thi method provid•s some noise redurtion sinet" it
.-limin t rommon-mode volta,rn prnent on hoth si1t11al .

10I

PTEA • I THEORY OF OPERATION

TS
87
Bl
t'IGITAl
OUT

TS IUfF("

1M
83

TIME

IASE
DIAG

DECOOI

80
C7

HANDSHAtllE
_ _ _ _ _ CONTflOL

c,
C2

MM.OG

rATA
BUFFER

BIT
A,0

AUTO

HANDSHAKE
_ _ _ _ _.,. CONTROL

.. ANGE

CAL

VOACs

•5
POV'IEA
~ VA
•IS
SUPPLY
C
· 15•

USE" CONMCTION - - - - - - - - - - ADM .,__ _ _ _ _

110

c•
cs

_ _...,. PC3XX-AA

All the• int•rn· I . 1iwn.·iner of th.- AO. is c·untrolwd t~ a :-tat .. n1<H· ;04.• th;1t
r•·•·•·h ..s mn1nl' nd. throuech pon R oft
RTI. T . t t.. · ·hirw :-e•t .. uri th
\lt\1 to c·ollc-c·t an.alo,r d· ta. ,M·mr•linar to th.. c·umm· nd:- rN·••h•·•I. ' h.. n cbta
an,111i,ition and c·onH•rsion . t · rt . . tht' . tat .. m· ·hil'M' c·ontrot all ttw ~·•1l •rw i I,! o( .. , ... nt. fro t
ult ipk- ·c•r c-h· n I s ·itc-hi
to t
lo· tin of t
(ir,t -in fir. t-out t ••ffo, dat· hurft•r.
' h.. n the- t·on1m
·•1 tir.. d.tta il" n-t·t'h.-d tin !ofmM' me s. tht· s..t -up
·ri
..-s not ••·•·ur until thr tri
.. ,... nt h· I wn.: in
oth.-r ""
ht"
· soon a
I r.-n-h·... th.- •·•1t1f' r · tion
c-omnr
tlw A
tiJlW ._.,
. t
rnlt·
fro t c-h· n
t.. . n ~ i tot
m·uitry. Onl~· orw c-h
Ir n hr m1,I
a
tim.. A(t ..r the- n1ultivk- .., ha. rout.-.1 th.- sam1tl ,·c,lt•
t, th.. c·on\f•r?ooion
,·irc·uitr~·. t
. t· tt- m hirw turn •"' the- .eutor· ne,:iner t·irt'uitry.

nrl,.

Tht• ,rntor· n,riner drc-uitr~ qui,·kl~ sampl... tht• an · Ice ,ult~ · ith .a'"" ,,•.,..,.
lution n· . h A I) t'onH•rt ..r . This· Ito ·s th.. ,·irc·uitry to f t rmirw tht• rc·l:.ti\t•
m:,initud.• of th.. . ie,:n.al · nd s.-1..<·t · t.tin for tht- ,,,...em11lific•r "hi,·h "ill nl.-l..."l'timal U!W' ol tht' AO. ·. r,•~1lution . ThL er· in is th .. n (.-d into th•• 1•rc•am 111ifit'r, and tlw rnlt·
i. am11lifi.-.l at·1·ordin1t to thi: ,r· in.
Tht• autorane,:in• t"ir,·uitr~· •·an hr cfi:--ahl...t hy pmr a1,11lic-ation . In thi, in,tan,·...
your ,,,...,ram I,· d.· th.. p,... n1plifi.. r "·ith ont' of th.. four riossihl•• awin,. t:.1 in,
of 1 • unit~ I, -1. Hi. or 6-1 ar.. 1,c1ssihlf'.
Tht• All. 's tr.M·k -and-holtl t"irt·uitr~ an,u· ,•sand hold. th.. amplifit>d output u(
th,• 1m•am1,li(i..r . Thi rirruit <·ontinually "follo"s"an) rluc·tuations in th
,,,..amplifit>r'. outJ,ut, r4"trardl ... : o( wht'lht'r thf' AO. is t·urr.. ntl~· 1·on, .. rtinl!
a si~nal or not .
A(tt'r tht' tra,·k•a11,l-hold rirruit ha. ac-t1uir..tt tht> siinal. tht> fr11n1 -.. n,l nclfk-: or
th.. analo.r multipl•. •r rhannt>I art' vdtrht>d int•rnall~· to a ttround r.-r.. , .. nc-...
thi ,rround rt'f•n-nrt- i. tlwn (..d throuech th• pr..amplifi•r u int[ tht' :ame ttain
as for th• data ,·oil~. To •liminatt' any off!Wt in thf' data sil[nal attrit,utahl ..
to tht' pr..am11li(i ..,. thi rt>frn-ntt i ·uhtrat"tt'd from th rnltatt.. in tht> holtl
<·irruit. Thi pron>. i ~.lie.ct auto-zrroin,r. Aft•r a . hort tim .. dday 1lur1n.c
• ·hif'h th.- prramplifit-r i allo•·ttd to iwttl•. th.. rr. ultant si.cnal is c-on v.. , t ..d.
Tht- statt> m.M'hint> no · (.....ts tht' h.. ltl ,·olta,re into th• A/ 0 tanaloi-to-dit!ital
.-onn•r ·ion drl"uitr)·. Th• hold l"ircuit frttu · tht> rnltal(t' so that t h A H
ronvt>rtPr fwh•rt> th.. iinal i (NI a(tf'r tht> prt>amplifit'rl will St' t':. n ,nstant
,·oltai.- t hrouihout tht- eonn•rsion proct'S ·.
111

Th.- an,1•lifi.-d i1nal i h.-ld ron. tant while th• AI D c-onH•rtc-r d,·h•rmin,•s a
diaritill'd data ,·alue. Thtt A I D c-onn,rter u
i11 th• A()~ i a 16-hit sm·,·t•s .. in•
1&1•1•ro,imation ro11,·•rter. 1,ro,·idin1 \ 'f'r)' hi•h N"!IOlution. At hit:h t:,1in 11;a ,.
thi. ronn•rh•r r1&n d.tf'C"t a rnlt
intN'fflf'llt of a littl . 2.-& mic·ro\lllts. Tlw
.-tm,luu IJ.1lfl ,
NW
,·i • 011110I eo11tai11 a d.tailfld di. ,·ussion of
r.. •lutio11.

o,,.,..

Th.. AD. u
t 1w uttt• sh·• appro,cimation tft'h11iqu• for c-onn•rt intir · \'11lt ai:..
input to a diacital ,·alu•. This method of ro11\·•rsio11 UtWS a !Wri . of a1,1,r11:\im.&tion , •~·h "·ith twin- th ,.. lution uf th• pre,·iou a111,rn"imation. :,;,artintir
11·ith th• most i,rnifie nt bit, eath approxim tiOII wts or clear un.- hit in , ht>
di•it I ,·alue. The approxim tio11 orturs II time , ontt for earh hit in tt: ..
UC'~s11h·• apprn. imation rt>tei. t•r (S. Rt. Th• followintr all(Orithm illustrah•itht> Uttf' h·• ppro. imatio11 method.

Thi

t th• mthlt i1nili"ant r.mainin11 bit ol th .. SAR to I; with this
output, ~n•rat• a "omp· ri!IOn I ,·•I in a prtti ion diarital-to-anal•ltl
"on,·ttrt.r f DAC 1.

CompaN' thi lttwl with th h•ld .-.1ui,·alt>nt of tht> . m1,ll"fl si.cnal.

II th• ('ompari!Wln l•,·•I is 1..!ls th:..n th• h.-ld sampltt, lt>a\'t> thi · hit
!Wt.

If t ht> eompari!Wln ,·olta_. is trr.-at•r than tht> h.. 1,1 sample•, sc•t t ht>
prt>St"nt bit to 0.

Pnapar• to op..rattt on thtt nHt i1i11nili"ant bit.

Go to t•p I. Wh.n all 16 hits ha,·f' twt>n ,·ompar..,I. the rt>sultant
,.. lu• r.-prt>. nt11 the analoar ,·olt~.
hrurithm i illu!ltrat...ct in Fiacu,.. 8-2.

\\'h.n a diariti-«I ,·alu• is "ompl'!t., the 11tat• ma"hin• load tht> Hi-hit ,alut>
into the -bit FIFO hullt>r, "·ith the hi1h data h~·te twintr Pntert'd fir ·t. Tht>
stat• mwhin• al• read the status rearister 111·hirh ron tantl)· rt•r1mls tht>
<"hannel ult'd, ,rain used, and error "onditionst and load the t'ontt>nt s ur tilt'
:i•atus regi tf'r into the FIFO buffer aft.r the t11·0 data byte .
Hand hakinl( il(ftal. lrom port A ol the RTI a,. automati"ally handlt'll h)· tht>
FIFO/ output bullu eireuitry, and data ,·alu.-~ art> thus tran!ilerrt'd to the ho ·t .

111

THEOAY Of OP(AAl lCI~ I C t◄ APTEA I

COMf'AtlATOII
A Al O<i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ll

•lllf' T

COIIITIIOl
lOGIC

---------4

----.. ·----OoC. tTAl VA Uf

SuCCfSS IVI
A""O••MATIOIII
tllGISTHI

FolilAl C Iii ltlT(O
O•GtT Al VAlVI

,...
•11••• •es •• •

1111111110•

Th,• ahu,·" dt•sc·ri111 ion clt•sc·rilws I h,• se•11u1•n•·•• of ont• 1·11nH•r.;i11n \\' lw!l 1111111 i pl,·
sam11h•:- art' ht•inar talwn on a . ini:I,• ,·h.ann,•I, I ht' i,.t:tt .. ma,·hint· "ait~ fur ,•it hn
th,· nt•\I "ti,•k"of th,• .\11'.\l's 11rui:rammahl1• rt•al -tinlt' do•·" · ur tlu· r,•1•111,!n1t111n
of an t'~h•rnal I riarar,•rinar lint• on I h., ,lit:il al in1iu1 harrin ~, rip 11l,·1"·ndi Ill! ""
ho\\ th.. :\ 'l. I ha. ht't•n rnnfittur,•,11. Wh,•n th,· 11ro1lt'r t H"' of t rit,!t:t-ri nl,! t·H•n t
has ,11·,·urn••I. tht• stah• m.u·hint• llt't:in:-1 tht' c·on\'t-rsion pr1K·,•s, all 11\1•r al,!ain
Th,• numtwr of sam,,1... to h.• an1uir1•d is not s,,...,ifi.,.I. su I h,· .\ n'.\I rnnt inu,•-. tu
a1·11uirt' sam11lf's in t ht' 11r11erramm1•,I """''' uni ii it i:-- r,•1in•l,!rn111nwd. ,,r th,·
tU-:~F.T swit<·h is d1•11rt'ss.-.l. or th,• inhit,it liit is writh•n a~ 11.art uf 1·11mman,I
hyh• :.t Thi' inhihit hit stops all c·urrt'nl opnation of th,, ..\fl'.\I. !tut do,•, nut
r,•,,r,IJ,!ram it or rl ..ar data in t hf' Fl t'O huff,•r. c H,•ft•r to Chapin 11 fur i nfurmat ion on t ht' inhihit hit and t·ommancl hyt .. s. 1

113

be protlf..mmed to arquire multiplt' s· naplt•. frona naultipl..
,. Hlled "' pa. In this l'\'t>nt, the stat machin.- Mlw ~-·
t'hanrwl : th
~t11rt1 th rir t ro11\·enio11 011 l'h 1111el O "'hl'n the i1pt-riri,-d t rilQl'l'rin.r .-,·.. nt
f ither t'let'k or ext.raal tri.-.rt "h•n that t-on,·t>r. ion is don.-. the•
UffU
11t te marhi i111 ediatel)· witch the multiple · r rircuitr)· to thl' nt'xt l'hann I Ct·h 1111 11 • ud i111n1ediatel)· hfacin the mn\'l!nion JmJ\'e11 ror that ,·ohai.-.
In thi \\'A)', the AD p,ror'ffCII fro111 011• l'hun.-1 to the nttxl in th• rast.-:-1
po ible 111a1111er. 111 111 t pplitatio11 i11v0Mn• w Pl', it i at·tuall)· cit'sirahl••
simulta11eou ·ly. Sina- thi!I is not 1•os~ihlt'.
\'Ol
tn lllfl UN all conn
quirkly u pOII ihle, on• after the othttr. Th• la t
the t'huael an mplecl
will be the farth• t a 'A)' (in timel from thtt
Ill. . . .-ltu•I i11 a
111ple 011 rha11MI 0, hut thi tim• di N'panl')' i minimized b)· the AOM .
al•· ) ' !I ht,rin on ch nn I 0, you can !Wlect th• nunaht-r or
Althoutrh ••·
rhan11el in th• w p.

•·•p

11•

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxx•
xxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxxx••xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxx•••••••••••xxxxxxx•x•xxx••••••••••••••••••••
xx•xxxxxxxxxxxx•••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
xx•••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••• ••
xx•••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••·••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••xx
•••••••••
•••••••
•••••
•••
•

•••

•••••
•••••••
•••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••

xx•xxxx•••••••x X

••
·················•x
•••••••••••••••••••
••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••xxxx
••••••••••••••x•~••
••••••••••••••••••xxxxxx•••xx
••••••••••••••••
xxxxx•xxxxx••••••
·········~··
···················
•••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
············••x••
••••••••••••••••••
···················
••••••••••••••••••
xxxx•·
xxxxxxxx••••••••xx
•••••••••••••••••••
••••••x•xxxxx••••••••••xxxx••••••••••••••••
xxx•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x•x••••xx
•xxxxx•xxxx•
•••••••••••••x•••••
••••••••••••••••••
·····•·x•
···················
···················
•••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
115

9
Collecting Analog
Data

Chapter 9
COlleCtlng Analog Data

Anal• data i. toll«ted by ro• tilllC the Ht rnal d \ 'itt. to th• analotr input
c.-han11el o• the front pa• I of the ADM. Cablft for makinar th
ronntttion.
ar. provided with the ADM • nd in•truc.-tions for u1in1r th• c-able. ar• pro·,id..d
in the l'ht1l•lfl Dnta ModNw o.,.,,.,r's .VaJt11al 1EK-ADMPC-OM1. Th• nalotr
rhann•ls
pt any volt
within the ranp - fi \'Oil to ~a \'Oil . \ 'olt~
e. n-edinar thne limit may d m
the DM.
The ADM i11 pro«rammed to t-ullect data by writinir four ,·ummand hyt..i. tu th._.
c-ommand hyte n,ri ter!I within the A OM. The four comm:-and hyte11 lttt tht>
featul'et4 dflcribed in this chapter. For rompl le information on the ,·ommand
hyteit, r.fi r to Chapt r 11.
IILICTli&a fllAn.9

Before writin• your pplication to oollec.-t analotr data, it i nt"t·e-.sary to mn11id r the followinlllf a&Pf('t of your pplic.-ation:
D

How data arquisition is tri

Samplin1r s,.ed

~i1r11al level

Number of samples to be collec.-ted

red I started 1

117

C...PT[A t I COLLECTING ANALOG DATA

Th,· .. ,....·iric--. of) our awti,·a.t ion will ct.-t ..rmin.- "hi,·h of th.. All. ·l'i St·l••rtat1I..
ft-:1111n•, )11t1 --h1111ld u.. Th.- A(). provid.-i. rt,•,ihilit)· in th,• nwthod of analoac
t·onwr,ions that you ran u. •. Th.-s.- s.•lt'f•tahl.. f.-at Uri's in,·lud.-:

r:
J

Th,· ahilit~· to takt' nn .. or multiplt• sam11l,•:. un a :.in~l•· ,·hann.-1
Th,· aliilit)· to samplt' all l"h· nn.-ls iwt1u••nt iall) as 11uic·kly a:. 11m,.. ihlt•
in ortlt'r to sw...-11 S4•wr I input
Sili triJU!t•rinar mod... for anitlc-.r dat
An intc•rn· I ,·lork for timin11 . amplinl(

A 11r••am11lifiPr fur luw-1,•wl . i~nals -- four l!ain s.-11 inac. ar,• m ailahle•

c;ain m· )" ht- iwt h~· ,\"t1Ur 11ruarr· m or d,•t.-rmine•cl automat i,·all~· h~
th.. AllM

A first-in fir. t-out data huff.-r for nwre• 1•ffirif-nt data c·ollt't'lion

Th.- AO~ ,.. n ht- ronfierured for a variPty of ,lata · ,•1 ,·11:-1111un modt's Th ..
sim11l.-st of tht•s.• is th,• ac-,1ui. it ion of a sinacl•• :amJllt' on a .. inl!I•• ,·hann,•1 Th ..
,\ n~t ran al:-0 ht• ,·onfiarun>d tu c·ollN't uni' -.:,m11I.- 1wr rhann,•1 from all t'il!ht
,·hannt•ls tor 1,•ss I in . 11u1•nt ial ord.. r. In ot h,•r wur,ls. I ht' A()~I c-an t11• c·on •
fi~urt'fl lo c·oll1•t·I ciat:, h)· talini unt' ~mple• un c·hann .. 10, 1h,•n c·hann,•I I, th,•n
c·hannt'I 2. .., .... u1• to am· ~imum rhannt'I numht•r )UU s1wt·if) ; th ii- is callt'<I a
swttJ•• A l4inarl•• sw,..-11 i. d,•fint-d a. the arc1u: . ition of on .. sam11lt• from ,•ac·h
,·hann,•I. A sw.... 11 e n h· \'t' ttt>t"'N"n two rhanne•ls · ncl t'it:ht c·hannt•ls

Sinacl.- . am pit' on a . inacl.- c·hnn•I

MultiJJlt' l4amJ,IP on a ·ini;.. r hannPI
~fult i1,l1• . :m1plt' from mult i11l1• rhannt'ls - . wc•t•I' Iont• -.amp It• Jlt'r
rhannt'I in urh ""'N>pl.

111

....

COLLECTING AlltAlOG DATA I CHAPTER

Trif!f!t•riner i th.. nwthod t.y "hi(·h a s m1,lt' is initiat.-cl. II r••ft·r, t., th,•
;m111i.,.ition of th.. fir-.t sam11lt' a. wrll a. suhst•titu•nt -.ilmplt>!- Th,• .\11\I prod,lt•, th r...,. t) 1ws of tr IO(t'rs:
f 'ummand 'ritfl
Trit,t,tt'rintr

Ac·•!uistion st;erts a:-- :!o4M1n il!o th•• so(t\\;ar,• <·11n11nancl t,~,,.
i-. rN·t'i\"..d . Th is <·oultl · lso t.., c·allt•,t imnw,fiat

.. ,.-.·ut ion.

f:, t,•rnal
Triattr.. rilll(

,\c•11uisition st· rts "h.. n a nt•tath,· tr;in,ition i.
,k>tt'l·t.-.i on tht• tlifCital in1,ut h.lrri♦'r ),trip t:,,,·h <·hanrwl
i. a. . e<'iat.-d with lht• 1·orn•. poncfintr ,liJ,!ital input hit
lrh:1nn.. 1 fl "ith di,tital inrmt hit 01. Thi:-: all" """ )ou to
wirt- an .,,tt•rnal hancl!ohakint lint' or manu;JI !-\\ i1t·h :11
th.. AU. for u:-.- in startini data a,·quisition

C'loc·'-.
Tri~f!••rin.r

.-\c·11u i. it inn of .. uhst•,,u .. nt s;un11l♦'s ran lw t r il,!l,!n1•1I ti~
th.• "tic·k" uf tht• Aft~l's int..rnal dud, Tlw fr,·q11♦·n,·~ uf
tht• rluc·k is sc·l•·c·taltl•• llt'tWt•t'n IUMi 111. 1a 11t•ri11,I of l ♦i. : l:!
st•c·on,I. , an,I :-, I.. llz.

Th,· thrt't' t)llt'S of tril!at♦'rin,t :m• f•nmltin,•ff with the- th;-_.., l '. Jlt'S uf c·hann,•I anti
, :1111pll• !Wlt•c·t ion to prm idt~ fur a ,·:srie•t~ of :u·quis1t ion r·h•,in •,. ra llc-d t rii:~c- r-inl! mud♦'s. Tht• AH~1 Jtro,·irlfl!-- si, tri,:i:.-rinJ,! mu,1.-s for mll1•,·tin~ ana lut,! :-am ple•~ 1Ttwrt• arf' two acl<litional trif,!).(n int,! m,111,,.,. for c·11ll,·c·t inl,!d i1.d ta l ti.it .-, ,,.,Chaptt'r JO. I Tht• ,arit•t~ of triitat••rin.r m111lt•), allu\,), you to 1·h111,st' th,· rrwth1MI
h) "hic-h s:amJllinl! ttt•.cins and th,• nwtho•I h) "hit·h :-uhst-qm•nl !-,ampl,·, a r..
tak.-n .

. lode• 0

A sint:lt• samplt' is takt>n on a sinilc- c·hannt>I as looon a-. th ..
c·onfif!uraiion c·ommand i · rt'<'ttiv.-d.

lfod.- 1

Multiplt' samplPs ar tak.. n on a sint,rlt' C'hannt•I t-:a<·h ·amplt1 is
takt>n wht•n an .. xternal trit,tit••r oc·c·ur ·. A nc-.cati\e tran sition
dett'<'ted on th.. dit,tital input hit nus.as a<'quisition of .-ac·h
indh·itfual sampt ...

Modt• t

Multiplt• sam1tlt' art- takttn 011 a sin.clc- c·hann .. l. Tht> fir:-t ),ampltil-1 takc-n as soon a · the- t·unfi.curation c·ommancl is r.. rt•h t'd The. uh!Wf(Ut'nt samplt's art> takt'n at a usn -,1wrifit'd c·l0<·I.. fr1•11u••n,·~
Ea<'h timt> tht' rlock ti,·ks. tht' nt•xt ·amplt> j..; ac·11uir.-d.
111

CHAPTER 9 I COll ECTI....C. ANALOG DAU

~ltMlt• :t

~lulti1•I•• . · mplt'. an- tabn on · . in.cl.. t·hann.-1 . Th.- fir. t ..am11lt•
is tak,•n wh..n an ,•. h•rnal triarw•r ottur. . Th.. suhw.1u••n1 . ami,le·s
· rtt l kt'n t a U!Wr-. 11e>t·ifie-d ,·lork fn-c1u .. nt")·.

~lo1h• I

Samr•I... n- takt>n on multiplt' ,·h nn.. L. · . ~-....,,. A sin.rl.. "" ... 'P
i tit-fin.-.1
th.- at•t1ui:--ition of on.. . m11.. from ••at·h t·hann,•1 . ..\
sinerw !IWl'f"f) • mpl ..: t'Ut'h . llt'('ifit'd ,·hann.. 1 one·.. , ... r sw.... p A
. w...-p t"an havt- he-t~·'"'"n t•·o ,·h· nn.-1. and t>iach1 t·hann1•1'4. In mo,t..
I. th• first . mplt' on c·hannt'l O i. t ak♦'n · s soon a. I h..
Ntnfi.iurat ion t·omm· n,I i. l'N'l'in>tl. Th.. . ·on,I . · m111.. on 1·hann1•I
I i tak.. n
. 10n as 1••·. ihl.- aftt'r the• t·hann.. l O . m11lt- is take•n
1-:at•h s.am11lt' on ,h.. nt',t ,·hannt'I in tht' . w.-..p is 1ak1•n as 11ui,·"I~
a. i,t1. !ooihl.. until th.. hitrht•-it numh.-rt>tl rhann.. l in th .. . w .... p is
• · m111, .. 1. Buth tht' hitrht•'4 t numt...r...t rhann.. 1 and the• ,·lu,·k
fn-t1u.. n,·y an- uiwr . pt"4·ifi..d. In m••lt- I, th.. n.. t . w .... p of th♦'
speot·ifi,.. t t·hann.. ls o,·,·ur-. al th• nt'°'t 1·h•·k I it-k

~''"''' ;,

~:,m11le•-. :lf.. tak.. n on multipl.. t·hann,•I . . a S\\t't'JI ..\ .. in1tlt· ,\\1••·11
is d.. fine'tl a. th.. .u·11ui ition of on.. sampl.. from ♦'a1· h t·hann,•1 .\
-.marl•• swt't'Jl . · mph• ••:u·h s1lt'f•ifit•d 1·hann.. 1 on1·t• awr "••••11 Thu-.
a sinil,• s\\t"l'II c·an h,l\t' ht-t~ .... n two ,·hanne•ls an1I 1•i1lht ,·h.,nrwt ..
In m••lt• :., the• first sam11l1• on t•hann,•I O is tak,•n \\ h.. n an
.. tt'rnal trilQll"r ot•,·urs. Tht' ,-.·ond s:1m11I.. on 1·hann .. t 1 i-. lal-.,·n
a. ~••n a. 1•~- ihl .. art..r th .. ,·hann .. 1 0 :-.am11l1• ill talwn 1-:a. h
sam11l1• on th.. n.. ,·hann,·1 in th .. sWt't'I' i ta"•·n a .. ,,ui,·1-.1~ a-.
1•1ssihle• until t ht" hi.ch1•,t numt ... r,•tl t·hann,•I in th,· -.\, •·•·I' ,..
s:m11,I•"'- Th._. hi,rh,•sl numht'rt>tl 1·hann,•I is use•r -i1••1·ifit•1I In 111,"l•·
:;, thl" n,,,1 S\\t•t•JJ of tht• "l"'t·irie•tl 1·~1ann1•is 01·1·11r, \\ h1·n an
t>xl..rnal tria(t(t'r i.. 1l,•1t•1·1t•cl on ,·hanni•l 11.

°''

~OTf.: Th,•r•• Jr.. 1-.., I"'" I r1it.:1•r inir 111,.,1,,, 1111,"1 .... ,; .,n, I 7 1 f.,r , h,·
,·oll,.,·1i1111 .,( ,i..,,1,.1 ,l,11a ~ ... I 'h:1111t•r Ill
~OTt:: '",..'I"' :&l't' J!V.a) .. ,t., f,n,.. I a,- ,1 .irtin1t "" ,·h.,nrwl ti \ .. u , an ..,.1,., 1
1h.. htllh••-.1 ,·h.mn .. 1 u.....1 ,n .1 '"''"'I'

EltefflatT,...,_

Th,• ,., 1t•r11 ,,I t ri~ll••r is us,•ful \\ ht•n ~-our an a loll data tit•\ i1·1• has a ITI. h.1n,1 -.ha"intc lint' in,li1·atin1t \':&li,I 1la1a or you wish to c·on -,tru.-t a manual or :.11111
mat it·-.\\ ita·h tu initial ♦• .ta a an1ui ,-1!i11n Th,• ,•,tnnal triL!l.!••r mah ... 11-.,• 11f th,•
1li1,!ital input harri.. r . trii, on th .. .\()~l's front pant'!. fo::u·h cl iL!llal input hit
ron ... i-., ... 11f a Sc·hmitt triil.!••r \\h it·h ,·an d1•1t•1·1 IH1th ,uh al.!" tran -.i t 111 n and
120

COlLECTlfllG ANALOG DATA I CUAPTEA 9

\Ulla.ct• 1,•wl. . Whl'n an t'Xlt'rn.al \'Ult
i l)rt's.-nt on th .. di11ital in1111t hit.
will ,·au. thtt tli11ital input hit tu ht> st't or c·l••ar,•,1. \\'h,•n
1·h.anl!1·, in th.- rnlt ·
:,n ,•,h•rn..l ,ulti&lft' i. hi11h.-r th.an I.ti ,·oh . • thl' diarital in1iut hit i. st't tu I.
\\' ht•n iln ... tt'rnal \'Ult·
dropi4 h.-lo\AI' 0.M mltll, th.- clil(it· I input hit L s.-t to O
\\' httn th.- All. is mnfi.rur,..-1 fm· motif. inrnl\'in11 t'Xlt'rnal t riaor.. rinar. th,·
,liaritill input hit i. n1unitor.-.l h~ thtt AO. •. h rd"" r.-. Wh.. n tht' cliarit.al in11ut
1111 c·hanart'. from I tu 0, t ht' A 0 . tt't"otrniz... this a. an ,. h•rnal t rilO!"r an,t
-.t:art. clata a,·11ui. it ion. fi'ur a s.-.·und tt t.-rnal trilQrl'r to uc·t·ur, •h .. cli.rital input
hit mu. t t... rt•s.-t to I . Thi. nlt'ans th· I tht' rnlt:ll(t' prt' •nt on th•· mnn,•,·h•,I
lint• mu,t ris.- to at 1..ast I.ti rnlt ~ to !4t't tht' hit tu I . If :a ,liarital hit 1s ,·urr,•ntly
0 :an,t th•• ,oltal(t' ris.-. 1ror t'".an111lt', to I .:! rnlt . I, the•n 1lr1111. :lt(:ai too:-, ,111!-..
I hi, "ill not lw r.-.•111tniz,-d as .an ••xh•rnal trilQ(t'r
Tht' ,liaiital hit . han• .' •hmitt trilQrt'r in1,uts whi,·h fir .. at :h.. ,ultal!n• list ..,I
h,•lo\\ :

I ti \OltS

Miminum rnlt

0.H rnlt.

~int·.. th.. .' ·hmitl triarare•rs r,•-4111,ncl tu ,ulta1tt• lt•\f•I~ rath..r than tu tran,it111n,.
t ht• ,Ii.cit al i n~1ut hit \\ ill rl'SIMtn,I tu a ,·,•r~ slo\\ I~ d1anl!tnl! , nit al!•' .i~ ",·II :,,. ,11
.a rapi,I tr:&n. it ion in ,oltaar•• le•n•ls. 0..1·:u1'4t' 11( tht' 1.. ,,.ls 1·h11-.,•n for th,•
.' ·hmilt 1ri1tafl•r ririnl!-.. th,• ,lil!ital in1111t hit-." ill r,•,poncl t, , ITI. Ian,•," i1h11ut
an\' alh•ralion If ~our ,I,•, i, ... has a han,lsha"- inl! lin,• "hu·h u,,-. ITI. tu
in,li,·ah• th:1t ,ali1I 1lata i. """ l1t•in1t tran-.m i1t,•1I. thi , lin,· ,·an lit• n,nnwtt·,I
,l in•,·tl~ tu th•• ,liarital in11ut harri,•r ... 1ri11 .\1 ..11, ,.,,.. t'ha111..r JU
~:;wh ,lil!it al 11111111 hit is ai--..K·ialt•,1 \\ it h I h,• analnl! •·h.,nn,·1 1111111 h,•n ·d 1·11rr,·'l"'"'li111.!I~ ►'or ,•,amfll••· ,liarital i1• .1 hit O is a ... ,,1t·m11 .. t \\ ith ,·hanrwl o. and
,li1!1tal input hit I i. a:-,11t'iah•1I '"'h ,·hann,•1 I Wh,•n u:-in.r a ,in.rl,· ,·h:mn.•1
tril,!l,!nini: 111, .. 1,, th,• ,•,h•rnal tril!l!l'rinl! lin,• i. r11nn,•1·t1•d tu th,• d i.rital 111p11t
hil a-.,,"·iah••I with th•• analoar 1·hann1•I . ou ar,• -.am plinl! If ~uu ar.- ,amJilinl!
on analol! rhann,·1 :-,. the• l'Xh•rnal tril!l,!l'rin~ lin,• ,h11111tl ll4• ,·11nn1•1·t,·d 111 ,li)!llal
illflllt l11t .·1
~\\1•1·1,,. ah, a~ s ,tart 1111 ,·hann,•1 O 1-'or ••xlt•rnal I ril!l,!n iIll,! uf "'" ,,,.,, ... I h,·
trii:1!1•r1111,! lirw ,h1111l,I '"' c·u1111,•1·tt•1I lo 1lil!ilal input hit fl Tr il!l!•·rin.r lin,·,
,h1111lel 11111 t ... ,·1111n1•1·tt·tl 111 th,• oth,•r tlil!ilal input hit:-- ~in,·.. th1• .-\11\l 11111\ 1•,
from""'' analo,c d1an1wl 111 lh•• rw,r as •111id..l~ a-. ,,.,-.sit.I,• \\ twn n,nfil,!111·,·il f11 r

., '"" ,...,,

121

CHAPTER t I COl ECTI~ ANAlOG DATA

Tria:a:••rina: lin... c·onnt't'lt-cl lo I h.. di.rilal in1•ul la;arri .. r sl ri11 must '"' 1,art of a
c·11m11h•1 .. c·irc·uit . Tht• airuun1I c·unn.-.·t ion. on I he• dia:it al in11ut h,1rri••r st rip
should ht• u. -cl to mm1,l••h• th.. c·irr1·it and should tw c·onn.-c·t ..,I to th,· a:roun,I
1:,s~1t·iah-cl with I h.. han,1:-,hakina: lin.- ~ ou art• u. in.rt on your rt.,, i•·•· f 'hat•h•r I
of tht• ..\101/tlfl h11t11 .\futlult u,,.,,. ,·:-i .\t,1111,11I ••~K -All~ll'1'-0~l1 c-untain-. murt•
tl••la&il. on m.akinai t·onnt'C'tiun. lo t h•• ditrital input harri,•r stri11 hit".
CIIIIITIE

Tht• AI._ •. intt>rnal c·ICM·k ,·an 111· u!Wfi tu I ri.rar.. r I he• ,m1ub,i1 ion of !ollh!ot•11,wnt
cbtl1& . ampl.- . Th,• t·k,d, allo" . you to t·huoSt• a frt>t1u .. nc·~ h..t" c-c•n O.llli 111. and
!"1.0 kllz. 'h.. n ~-uu c·houi,14• a tri.i.r.. rin.r mo,lt' that uiw. tht' c·l,it·k lo ,•11ll,•t·I
. uhs..11ut•nt . amt•I••· , I ht' AI)~ c·an t-., 1.1rua:ran11n.-el tu takt' I h,• firi-1 sam1,I••
imnu-,li;ah•I~-. or "h.. n an .. ,h•rnal tria:a:.-r is dt'h-c·1.-.I Th,· ,·l,11·~ 1-.•a:in!oi tirkinl!
at I ht• i,14•1.-.·hod fr.-c1ut'm·~ as se-.in as first sam11lt' i:- ,m1uirc•,I .. \fin th,· fir,.,
data sam1,I•• is t·unvt•rh-.1, the• n,,,t ":11111,I•• is ac·,1uir,,,I on th.. n,•,t due·~ tu·~ In
this "ay, ~-uu c·an t:tkc• ... am1,l,•s at a ~1111wn rr,.. ,u.. nc·y .
Th,• dut·~ rr,-.1u•·nt·~ is se•l,-c·h-cl h> c·h, .. ,,ina: a ~ourc·t' fr,,,,,wnc·~ an,I a .t i, icln
Hoth of th,•!'14• numllt'ri- ;uc• writh•n tu tht• AU~'" c-umman,I r,•a:istn,. anel th•·
c·otnhinaliun or lht• '"" is USt'CI to 11r11ch1t·•· the• doc·~ rr, .. ,u,·n•·~ Thn,· are· 1·1a:ht
!ooflUrt·t• rr, ... u,•nt·) r:rn.i••s. Your ,lid,t.. r i. u......1 '" in,lk:th• h11\\ far ., '"'"' I ht•
mi11i111um fr·,.1m•nc·> in a se,urc-,• fr1•11u1•n1·, rantt•• I hat I hf' d,11·~ i... 111 run Tat.I,•
!t-1 ;uul I ht• aliuril hm ,·un he• ll!•t•cl tu arrh ,. at I he• s11u r1·1• fr,,,,,... n,·~ ranl,!t• .,ncl
,lh itln to 111• . ttc'C'irit'tl one·,• ) uu ha\l• ,l,•c-i,le•,1 11n th,• fr,•11, ... ne-~ ran~•· 11( th,·
1•l111·k ~ ou "uul,I like• to U!lt'.

,.....,
_a.a __ ,

.....
....,"'

..,
...
8

- CI
,t

,.•

111

256 kHz

110

6' kH1

250 Hz

101

16 kHz

625 Hz

100

4 llHl

15 62 H1

011

I ._H;

5 Hz

010

001

0 44 41 Ht

CXX)

112

t kHz

10 5 H/

C L l C tl\i

AIIIA

A• A I ( H A

Tl R

t 'h1111~•· 1he• fr1 •111wm·~ appru1,r1,11t· fur , uur app l1t .11111n

r,ini: th,· minimum fr1 ·it11t·tll"~ rulumn "' T:al,lt• !I I. f11iol th, t '"
,1111 r1·1· fr1 ·1 11w1u-i1•~ l,t'l ,,, .•.n ,, h1d1 t h,· ,t.·,1r... t fr, ·11111·111, 111·,

Th,· ,uurn• fr1 •11111•n1·~ ,,ill IM• lht• l11\\1•r 11( th,,,... '" " ,,,un,· fr, .,,,wru,
rani:,·, Ttw ,1111r1·1• fr, •,11w111·, nu111h,·r d 11•t" 1·t'n u ancl i • '" II 111·
,111•1·1fit•1t 111 th,· \I 1\1 ., .. part 11f 1·11111111,in,I Ii~h •, II atul I
l•i i1t1• th1• ma im um fr, ·,1111•n1·~ in ttw ,1111rn· fr, •q1w111 , r.1lli,!•· I,~ tlw
,t,•,ir,,,I fr, .. ,, ... nn .

.,.

K11untl uff th1• 11u11ti1•n111( 1h1, ,lh i.. iun 111 tilt' 11,·an•,t ,h11l1• numt...r

~ut,1 ra1·t I from 1h,· 1111111 it'nl

';'

c·un,,·rt the· nurnt.,•r Ill,, •. , •• • , .. l in,1r~ fur, nat ·rh ,... ,... ,tu· ,,,.... t. .. .....
tlh icl..r 111 111• ,111,pli, .. I in 1·11111man,I ti, ft •, fl anct I
1

~ t :: .... r .,n , ,1,,.. .,,..1, 1, .. 1. r,.~,u, Ill'\ .iro•.oh•r ,h.,n I 1,.11 , u , " ' . r, ,.

rr..,,, ... n,·, ';'

Tlw ali:ori1h111 1hul- i:h 1•!- )ttU ' " ' ' t.ina r~ n, 1111,..r, 11...-,I 111 ,, ·l,·1·1 th,· 111111..
fr, ·q1lt'n1·) lt-..·.au ,. 1h,· 1111111 i,·nl i, r1111n,l1·cl. :-1111w1111w, t h,·r, , ... , d1·\l,1t 11111
ft-11111 1h1· 11,·~i rt••I .-1111·" fr1•111ll'nr~ Th,· 111a\1111u111 '"'"1 1,1,· cl,,, 1.1111111 1, ·" " .1, ..
la·,, 1h;m or 1•11ual 111 • - II • • of th,· il,•,irt·il fr1 •1pwn1·~ rant,!,•

.\!'. u1111• 1h1• 1l1•,irt•1I fr,•111wn1·~ i, :cu ll z

r~ini: th,· minimu m fr,•11 11,•n,·~ 1·11lu111n uf 1tw ,uurn· fri·q11, ·1w 1..t,1, .
~uu ,·an SN• lhal :10 ll t li1•, l1t•l\\1•1•n th,· 1111r1111111111 fr, ·, 1111"11111·, ,.f

,11urc·1• rr... ,u .. nritt 1 anti :,

Th,• l11\\1•r 11( th,• l\\11 ,1111rr1•, i-. I Th i~ numh.-r d,inar.\ 111111 1,
\\ rith•n a~ siart or t·ommanil " ~It• J Th,· 111a,i111u111 fr, ·q tlt' III"\ ralli,!t'
of -.c,ur,·., ranattt I j,. I U lz
llid1l1• I kll z Ii~ :co 111. Th., •11111ti,·nt i, t:t:t :t:ccc

k1111n1I urr I h,· •1tao: 11'111 lo I:t•

.'uhtra,·t I frum J:Ct lo t,!1\1' l :t!

1:12 in hina r) I!' ICNNNtJUU Ttu, i, th• · •l1, i• lt·r tu IH· ,u1-1• l11 ·,i 1u
,·11mma n1I h~ h •:- Cl ancl 1

123

HAPT[III 9 I COLL CCTI

AtliALOO DATA

Thui- for ia du,·I.. fr,-.,u,•nt·) uf :IO llz, th.. -hit tlh·icl.-r tu 111• s11t•,·1fo·tl , ...
IIMMNIIOO, ancl th•• :I-hit sourt·t' fr1•11u1•nt·) ii- IIMI. Tht•s.• t\\11 nu111l1t•r, ar,• !',J1t•c·ifi1•el in e·11n11nancl h)h•s 11,m,I 1. In thi. 1,:artie-ular t'Xampl,•, the• al'l 1:al due·I..
fre•111wnt·) us,-.1 h) tht• ,\11~1 ii- :{410-;:.11z. "hie·h is a JN1sithe• ,•rrur 11f t1 :.!.",' • !°', •,·
f'ha111t•r 11 for t ht' t·umman,I h) h• format .
C11111ill9 8 CINlt ,,.....,

Th,• fr1•11u1•nt·) )·ou c·h,111.1· for th,• t·ollt•t·t iun of anal•~ elat a ,huui.l 111• ,l,•h•r •
mint-cl h) )·otar a1111li1·ation. Tht> ~)ctt1ist tht•ort•m stah•s that th,· sam11linl!
fr1-c1u.-nt•)· USt'fl should ht• itt lt•ast twirl' as hit,(h as tht> fr,•111wne·) of the· hil!ht•st
1·om1aont•nt in ~·our siacm,1. This is to .trnitl alial'linl!, whi,·h is the• mi,int..rpre•tation of· sitrnal's fr ..c1ut•nc-)· ,1111• to in.ute-.1m•1t• sam11h•s. llt•t.-rmininl! th,· fr,, .
•1t1t•nc-)· of th,• hil!ht• ·t 1·om111in,•nt uf your :-il,!nal is sonwt inw:- cliffinalt .

If yuu t·an iclt•nt if)· th,• fash•st t ransie•nt that ) 11t1 t·,an 1•x11t•,·t an,I if~ ou e·an al,11
ct.. tt•rmint• what s:u1111linac rah•" ill :ule•11uah'I) id .. nt if) that t ran,i,•nt. ~ nu ,·an
u-.,, t h:at sam11lint,( s11t•t•1I for t ht• f'nt ire• !',it,(nal. t-·or e•,amplt•. if ~·ou ,•, 111•1·1 that
tht' fash•st transit•nts in your :-il,!nal \\ill ht• ahout It.I s,•1·11n1l-. in dul'at iun anti
that t .. n sam11lt•s woulcl :ul,•11uah•ly iet.•nt if~ t hu-.e• t r.an-. i,•nt ,. a rah• of 1•NI
sam11lt•s t1t•r s.•t·ond I HNI llz 1 ,·uui,I t..- us,,,I fu 1 t h1• 1•nt in• ~il!nal. H~ ,•n,uri Ill!
that tht• fash•st transie·nts in th,· -.il,!nal ar,· "'" lost. ~ou al,11 ,,n,ur,· th.at th,·
t>nt irt• sil,!nal is r••tirt•s..ntt•d.
\\'h,•n t·he111!',inl! a e·lut·k frt•111wnr). ,lo not e·h1111s1· a fr1 •qu1·1w) th at ,·au,,·,, ..,.,,..
n1•1111s triaor,•rinac. An t•rront'oui- tril!l!••r is ,1,•fim•d as a d111·l.. ti, I,. "h il'h 11nur:l11•forl' tht• AH~I h:as finish••el c·cinn•rtinl! it ,;1111pl,· alr,•:ul~ h,·ltl ~111111 • nr11n1••
uus ti,·ks c·,mnut l1t• dt•h•t·h•el . 1S.-.. n,,, t 11aral,!raph I In th,· ,·a,t· 11f ,,H·•·1,,. an
••rrun,•uus doe·k ti,·~ is ,l,•fin,•cl a:- ont• \\hie-h tKTur, l11•f11rt• tht• h11,?h1•,t ,·hann,•1
in t ht• sWt't'JI has r 11m11le•1t•cl it !oo 1·11nH•r~ion.

If an t>rron..uus rlcK·k t i,·k ot·t·urs "hill' t ht' A 1>~1 is clil,!it izi nl! a h,·ltl , 11lt al!•·. th,,
dil,!itization stu11s. and the• nt•w \11ltaer•• i · ht•l,l. Th .. l'rrun,•1111:- dm·I.. t wl.. i~ not
cl,•tttt·tl'd . In fart , th,• \ 1)'1 "ill ht•t·nnw hu r,i,e t11•c-aus.• thl' dork " ill prohalil>
tirk a.cain whill' th .. nt>wly ht•ltl rnltal(t' is ht•in.c ,•on,·.. rtl'd . This proltlc·m t·an t.,,
arnidt>d h) rhoosi ni a doc·k rail' with in th,• limits listl'd h,·lo\\
Maximum R~ommended Clod Aa tp,;
WhPn u!<i nl! a 1,n't!r .1mme>tl ).!:tin of l ur -I

~, o klf z

Wh,•n usi nl! a prnj!ramnwcl l!ain of lti or fi-1

i :, kll z

Wh .. n w~inl! autoranl,!inac.

i .~, ktl z

124

COLL (CTll',jQ ...... , 0G DATA I Cl1A T[M 9

....,.
111 .a •m1•••1•. t•,u·h c·h,rnn••l i:-- :--a11111l1•1! ont•t• as •1uid,I)· as l'"~"il,lt·.. \ftn all
,·hamwl, in th•· "'"•·••JJ han• hc•••n :--am1tl••cl um·•·· th•• -\H~I \\ait .. until tlll' ne·,t
I ri~l,!••rini t•n•nl ,dud, ur ··\lt·rn:il I l1t•fort• ii 111•.:in:- I h•· 111'\I S\\ . .. . ... . \ ,-\\ 1•1•19 .. r
c·hanm·ls is 1l1•si~m•cl lo 11nur as 11ui1·kly as 1,ossihl•· in unln 111 111al1• I lw
s111·•·•• .. ~in• 11.tla 1111in1s in a sina:lt• S\\t•••11 as c·lc1st• lo ••ac·h oth,•r in tim,• a,
l"'"~ihlc•. \'ou :t'lt•t·I tlw numl11•r of c·h:ann,+~ in a sw••••I' hy sp1•1·if)ifll,! tlw
hii:h,•sl numtwr,•cl c·hann,·1 in lht• S\\t't'I' as 11arl of c·umman•l hyh• :{ Is•••· c·haplt•r
I I 1. ( ;,,n..r.all)·. s,, 1•1•11s are• use·ful whc•n more• I han one• cit•\ ic·t• is .-.,n n••c·lt•tl l11
t ht• :\ H~I. anti it is cle·sire•tl to "re•;ul"all I ht• de•,·it·t's al s111•c·ifi1•1l Ii nw inh•n als.
S\\ t't•1•s are• always init iatt'cl on rhann,•I 0, and it is r,·c·omnwnclt•tl I h:,t I h•·
sw1•1•t c·h:annc•ls ht• sc•c11wntial. Tht' .\ll~I alwa)·s s:unplt•s c•,·e•r)· c·hannt•l ltt•twc•t•n
II and thl' u111wr limit )·uu s11t•t·if)· in ,·,inmmnd h)·tt• :l. This 11••:-iJ.!n 111inimiz1•s

the• tinw nt•t•clt•d lo switt·h from ont• c·hann.-.1 to the• ne•xt c·h,tnm•I. Tu tak,•
aclrnntaic• uf this, )UU should make• all t·hanne•ls in a swc•t•p s1•111wntial in orilc•r
to 11l:u·t' th.- data . am11l.-. flo t•ly tc•a:••lhe>r in tinl<'. In ad,lition. you should
alwa)s start swc•t•ps on ,·hannt•l O (ha,·c• a clt•,·ic·c• ronnc•t·h•d to c·hannt•I 01.
\'uu should not ha,·c• any l'hannc•ls with 011c•n inputs in a swl't•p. A 1·111npl1•1t•I)·
op,•n <"hannt•l, one• with nothina: t·onnl'rtt>d to it. will saturalt• thl' AU~t':
prc•amplifit•r. The• All~l's IJrc•amplifit•r will risl' to its hil,!ht•sl output on an 11p1•n
t·hannc•I. Whc•n the> SWt't'll mon•s lo tht' nc•xt <·hannt>I. whic·h has rnli1I data . tlw
pr1•:u111,lific•r ma)· not acljust to a l,•,·c•I avpropriatP for that data in tin1t• fur 1h1·
c•ttnn·rsiun. Tht•rt•fort•, th.-. diJ!ital clata for that sample• will most lilwl) lit• 11111
hia:h.
You fan amid this prohlt>m if tht>rt> are no 01Jt•n chanrwls in a s\\t•1•11. If you
haw clc•,·i<•t•. whit·h art• usNt in your applic·ation on·asionally. n;nn1•1·1 th, ... ,.
cl,•vic·t>s to tht• hia:hw numlwrt•d analoJ! rhannt>ls. For t•xamplt·. if ~uu h,1\1•
t hrc•t' dPdt·t•:-, hut ont' dt•\'irc• is ust'cl only somPtinw ·. eounc•rt that dc•dt·t• tu
t•hann"I 2. ronnl't't the otht>r two dt'dfl'S to ,·hanrwls O and I. Thc•n. whc•n you
run a SWt't'IJ without the third de,·ire. you nt>t>d to rhan~t' only th,· ,·hann,·1
spt•t·i fic·ation in t·ommancl hyt.-. 3. Y,m will not han• to make• t·hanl,!t•s un th,·
.\ n~rs front panel.

If this . olution is inavpropriat<' for your applicatit•n, and you want to ha,c• a
d1annc•I unuse•cl in your ·wc•t•p, you ,·a n huild a Nl'LL ronn('rtor for tht• analoJ!
t·hannt•I. Fur t>xam1,I('. if you havt' fiw dc•vic·.-.s and you sonwtinws want a swt•t•p
of ,·hannPls O t hroul,!h -I and sonwt inws of <"hannel. 0, 1. 2. 3. anti :-,. ) ou t·an
I uild a !\('LI. c·onnt•rtor for c·hannt•I -1 wh('n it is not ~winl! wwcl.

1'15

CHAPTER

I COLLECTlt.Ki Ar..ALOG DATA

A St ·1.1. ,·unnt>t·tor ii. a standard analuar ,·onn.-.·tor I analotc ,·orin,•1·t11r~ an,I
1·at.lt•i- art' 'UllJ1liwl "'·ith tht' AU!\-11 hu·in11 th,• 11lu. pin shorh•tl tu th,· rt•turn
I''"· !\11 ut ht•r ,·onn..,·t ions n,...d to t_. madt' Wht'n ~·ou "'ish tn run a S\\t•t•p
,, it huut ,·h.,nnt'I 4, simply cliSt·onn.-.·t th,• dt•d1·t' from ,·hann,·1 I an•I t·unnt·rt
th,· Sl 'l.t ('tinn.-.·tor in its 111· ,-... Th .. ..t,,,,1,,,, /J11t11 .\f,,./,,/, u.,,,,, ,.·:-: .\l,111 1111/
1t:K -Al>:\ll'C'-OM1 ront;ains aclttitional dt•tails on ho\\ t11 ,·un,tnu·t :111al111,!
,·at.It's, t·•mn,•t·tur., and SI 'I.I. t·onn,•t·tors.

DATAACGUIIITION
Om·t• tht• All llt-'1,tins samplinar data. •ht• ..\U~I runtinut•i- 111 sam i,1,· and loacl
tht• l-'11-'0 hurr,•r until""'' of th,• follcl\\inl,! llt'l'Urs:
l1

Tht• inhihit hit is writtt•n for a minimun~ uf ltNI 111it·r11,,•1·oncls. c ~,., ,
('omnmncl B~·h• :1, ('hc111t .. r 11 I
The• a,~wo hufft'r fills and:& tri1,..~••rintt t•H•nt1:.1111·,·ur,. Th,· .\U'.\-1
misSt•s a 1l;1ta sam11lt•lsl in this ,·:a:.,•, hut rt•i-unu•i- 1·1111,,·r,iun ,, h,•n
t ht• Fn'o hufft•r d,•ars.

Th,• R1-::-;1-:T s,, itt·h i)\ dt•tm•sst'tl.
Cummantl h~·tt• :J is "rittt•n "it h a n••" t ril,!J!t•rinl,! mrnl,· s111•t·ifit·1l.
I:,;_.,, ( 'ha1•tt'r 11 . I

'91EAMPLIFIIII AND AUTOftANGING
:o;c11m• sit[nal lt>\'t'ls art' so lo\\ that uni) a JH1rti11n of th,· ,\():\l's full s1·al1· ranl!•·
i, IN•ina: use•cl . Th .. All:\I is ,·apahlv of ,·unn•rtinte a si.cnal in th,• ranl!•' of :-, to
+:'1 rnlts. Tht• lti-hit A/ I> mnvt'rt .. r that t ht• ,\I ):\I ust>s, !•rtl\ iclt•s a r••~nlut ion of
ont• 1•art in ti:i,:,:Jti or 1:-.:1 mit·rurnlts o\'t'r the• full sc·alt• ranl,!t·. Eac·h 1.:--B in tht'
t·onn•rt ..,1 value• rt•ttrt'!Wnts a unit of 1:.:i mi,·rovolt s.
llowt>\'t>r, if tht> siarnal ma.cnitudt' is wr~ low ancl ,·aril's, for t>xam11I ... ltt•l\\t•c•n
0 and +O.l \'Oils, a rl'. olution of J:,:J minornlt s is fH1ssihly a :-il!nifi,·ant pt·n ·,·nt al,!t' of tht' sil,!nal. In this c·asl', th,• Af)!\-t's 1m•.amplifit•r 1·an IN• u,,•cl to in,·rc•a,,•
tht' rt'solution or ('On\'t'rtt'd valut•s.
Tht• AO~fs Jm•ami,lifi..r amplifit•s tht' analol,! si.cnal l1t•fort• it is ,·um,•rt,•d . A
low-1,•,·t•I siinal ,·an t httrt'forl' IK• amJ1lifit•cl to "look m,.,"a hi,zhn 1,·n• I :-i,znal.
Tht> ,·alut> of t•at·h I..SB in t ht• ,·onn•rtNI valu1• thus d,•,·rt•ast•s. At h il!h ,zain tti I 1.
thl' Al)~ t·an tlt'lt't't a ,·han~t' uf as littlt' a:- t.4 mi,·rornlt s

121

COLLECTING ANALOG OATA I C11APTER 9

Th, · pr,•amplifil•r has four 11ossihh• ,:ain iwttin,:s. The• arn ilat.t,, l,!ain, an• 1 tor
unity iainl, -1, lti, or h-11tinws the• ma,:nitudt• of th,· inn1111inl,! ~il,!nal.
Ttw pn•am11lifit•r t·an tw lo:ult•d t•ithn \\ith a ,:ain ~ou s,•lt•t·I or with a l,!ain
:,;,•lt•t·1t•tl h~ till' autoran,:ina: t'irt·uitr~- of the• AllM . Ttw :rnturanl,!inl,! t·in·uilr~
,am11l.-s th.- in1mt \'nlt:11,!t• 11rior lo ,·onn•r:-ion an,t clt-11-rmint•:- a l,!ain I hat
malws us,• of tht• larl(l'St 11ortion of th,• AIJ~l's rnnart•. Ttw autur,ml,!inl! ,·i rc·11 i1r~· clut•s this for t•wry samfllt• t:1lwn .and ,·an tht•rt•fur,· actjust ;u a c·hanl,!illl!
si,:n:al. A \·oh:11,!t' of 0.0:i \ohs miarht ,.., l,!in•n a arain uf ti-I. Tht> ,\ / I) c·orn..rtn
t hc•n s.•••s ., sia:n:al of ahcmt :tt \'ohs, .an,1 t ht• lt•ast sil,!nific·ant ltit :,; of t tw
rum·e•rtt•cl \'ahw will 11rm i,1,• mm·h i:rt•att•r r,•sulut ion than if t ht• sil,!nal h,ul nut
htot•n am11lifi.-d. If tht• rnltal(t> tht•n riiws, for t•xam1,I••· to 0.1:-, rnhs, thtauturanl,!ina: ,·ir,·uitr~· woul,t st•lt•t·t a ,:ain of Hi :incl th,• c·onn•rt.-r woulcl :-t•t• a
sia:n:.I of ~--1 rnhs.
Autorana:ina: is t•nahlt•d h~ \Hitina: tht• autorana:ina: t•nahlt• hit in 1·11mman,l
h~·tt> 2. cSt•t' Cha1,tt•r 11.1
.-\utorana:ina: t·an ht• cfo;ahlt•cl, and tht• prt•am11lifit•r ran ht• loaclt•d with a J,!ain
you :-t•lt•t·t . In this t·ast', tht• 11r1•,1mplifit•r a111,lit•s tht> s,•lt•t·tt-d a:ain to all input
rnltat(t's, rtt,carctlt•ss of lt•\·t•l, until r,•1m1,:ramnlt'd. If thl' in1,ut rn!tat,!t' tinws
th,· a:ain rist•s alt0\'l' :-,.0 \'ohs, an nront•ous t•on\'t'rsi.on will rt•suh . For t•xamr,lt'.
if ~·ou t'XfM•rt a siinal maa:nitudt• to \'ary bt•twt't•n O and 1.0 rnlt:-. you mia:ht
load the• prt•am11lifi1•r with a l(ain of -t Should thtt sia:nal rist' to irr,•.,tt•r ;._,an
1.2;, ,·olt s, t ht• c-onwrtttr wi II ,,.. ft•d a rnh aatt• ir~at.-r l han :-,.cl rnll :-- an,l ht•
unahlt• to con,·ttrt thtt n,lut> at·t·uratttly. In soml' :.&Jllllit·ations, of ,·ourstt. tht>
siin.11 mainitudtt l'an tw 1,re•di<·lt•cl ar<·uratl'ly, and this situation will not apply .
Tht• t·om·ttnie•n,•t• of autoraniinl,! is offst>t by tht' additional tinw tht- autoranl,!inl( rirt·uit adds to thtt <·onn•rsion timl'. Tht• total t·11m·t•r:-ion tinw \\hen usinl,!
autoraniintt is l(t>nt>rally -100 mirrosttt•onds. This t·ompart•s !o a ronvnsion tinw
,,f 200 mi,·rost>c·ond. for t>om·t>rsions usina: a proiramnwd l(ain 1autoranl,!inl,!
disahlttdl of 1 or -1. Cun,·.-rsion time wht'n usinat a 1>rOl(ramnwd ).!ain of Hi ur fi-1
lautoran),!inl,! disahlt'dl is -IOO mit·rusttt·onds, l'QUi\'all'nt tu th,• autoran).!inl!
dt•la~·. Thus if you know, a: in the example aOO\'t', that your siJ(nal will va ry
only lwtWt't'n O and 1.0 rnlts, autoraniinat cas oppost'd lo lo:ulin"' th•• pr,•amplifit•r with a iain of -11 is not addst>d, sint·l' it doubles the t·onversiun tim.-.
To st•lt•1·t a constant 1,ro).!rammed J,.? ai n for the f>rt>ampl ifin, di saht .. tht•
autoraniinl,! circ·uitry hy l'lt>a rinl,! thf' autoraniinl( bit in command hytt' 2 and
s11t•c·ify thtt desi red ).!ain usinat thtt two iain hits in rommand hy11• t . ,~....
Cha11tt'r 11 for the t·ommand byte format.I
127

CHAPTER 9 j COLLECTING ANALOG O.U A

EFFECTIVE ANRTUIIE DILAY-IOME ~AUTIONI

\\ hat ,·wr l,!ain you cl..-<·id.- is a1,propriah• (or yoJr appli,·atiun, inducl inl! unit~
a:ain. ~ OU ~h11ul,I ,·onsicl..-r th..- ,,ossihlt> t•fft>t't .,r 1 . . .. t•fft•<·t in· ap.-rhirt• ,lt•la~ on
th,· m·,·ur:IC'y of ~-our data. In an ielt>al we.rid. tht• ronvt>rsion or tht· analol!
,oltal,!t• ,,uulel ort·ur at llrt>t·hwly tht- sar.lt> tim • as th.- elC't·urn•nt't' of the• tril,!l,!t•r
that initiah's data .a<·e1uisition, whl'th •r thr tril,!l,!t'r is tht- ,·loc·k. an e•,tnn.al
tril,!l,!t•r. or imnweliatt- t'Xt't·ution. llowc•wr. this i-im ultant•uus c·onn•rsiun is not
l"•~•/ lile•, .incl .1 sli1tht cle•lay always tlC'<·ur~ },..twe•t'n th,, tinw of a tril,!l,!t•r ancl th,·
,·unn•rsiun of a voltaflt'. The• 1lt•lay is dm• to mult iph•wr . t'ft linl! t inws. pr1·.am 11lifin sc•ttlinl,! tinw-., amt a11t•rturt• 1lt•lay tinws in tht> trac·k-and-hol,l ,·irruit.
Tht> sum total o( all the!W timt>s is rallt>d tht• t•fft>t·tivt- apttrture etc-lay . Gc•nnally th,• cl1•lay is Ot'l,!liiihlt>, hut in sonw C'as.-s it may ht> siinifkant.
If your applit·ation rt•t1uirC's ,hat the C'olleC'tt>d data hf' as C'lo:t•ly syn1·hroni1.f'<I
,, it h t ht• t ril,!J.!t•rinl,! ..-,·«>nl as 1,0, sihlt•, t ht• t>ffPt·t in• a11t•r t urt> dc•lay ma~ t .... a
11ruhlt•m. Your di1tital data will aC'tually ht> somt'what latt>I' in tinw than tht>
I ril,!l,!t•rinl,! t•n•nt . To allt>viah- this prohlt>m, t ht• ,\ 0'.\1 t whc•n ,·11ll1•1·t inl,! mult iplc•
samplt•s on a sin1tlt> C'hannt>l I st•lt lt>s out t hf' prc•amplifit>r out put twfurt> t lw
t ril,!J,!t•rinl,! t•,·t>nt oc·t·urs. Wht•n the t ri1t1tt•rinl,! t>n•nt c1<·,·urs. t lw hold e·irn1it
imnwdiatt-ly frt>ezes tht• J)rt'antplirier output and t·unn•rsion l1t•1tins. Tht' .. rr,,,._
the• aJN•rturt• clt•lay is dimini sht•d. This mode• or u1M'ration, t·allt>d prt•,t•ttlinl,!. j,..
use•tl \\ ht>n thl' :\O~I is 1,rul,!ramm('d for multii>lt> sam1Jlt•s on a sin)!lt> ,·hann,·I.
\\'ht•n U!>ii nl! auturan~ini in c·tmjun,·tion with mu,1..- 1 or moclt• :c 1multiplt•
samplt•s on a ~in1tlt• c·hannt•I usinl,! t'Xtl'rnal t ri~l!••rinl,! I, ~·ou shoul,I t·11n-.i1lt>r th.fart that, \\ ith 11r..-st•ttlin.c. tht• autoran1tin1,? c·in·uit loads tht> pn•amplifie•r
l1t•fort• tht• tril,!1,!t•r 0<·c·urs. Tht> autoranl,!inl,! C'ir,·uit samplt>s th e n,ltal,!l' 1,rt•,1•nt
on t ht• n.tloi ,·hannt>I as soon as thl' C'onfil,!urat ion rommand Ct·ommantl h~tt> :i 1
is rt•t·t•in•d. Thi s rnltal,!l' may or ma~· not 11<• anythini likt> tht> rnltal,!t' that " ill
t,... prt•st•nt wht•n t ht> t'Xtt>rnal t ril,!1,!t>r OC'l'urs. If tht> rhanm•I Wilt al,!t• i~ si1tn 1fi t·ant l~ ,Hffr:-t•n! h~ tht> timt> the t'Xtt>rnal tril,!l,!t'r o<·t·urs. tht• luaclt><l l,!ain ma~ t1t•
t·um11lt•tt>ly inappro1,riatt> and th..- di~itized \·alut> ht• u\t-r· vi undt·r:-an~t•d !n
fad . if thl' rnltal,!t> is l,!rt•atly differt>nt, tht• first (t'w .am plt•s may tw inappropriatt>ly amplifi.-d si nc·t• it takt>s a while for tht> amplifit-r tu sc•ttlt> if it i-.
saturah•d. In ,•a.;t•~ likt> thi s. you may want tu c·hoos... a oftwart> . .. 1... ,•tt•<l 1,!ain
and clisahlt> autoranl,!in.z. Or, if ap1lf priate to your appliC'ation, you ma~ want
t,, disc·ard thf' fir:t rt'w ·ample. taken.

121

COUECTl"f<. A'-IALOG DAT A I C~APTEA 9

In nuMI••-. \\hi•r•• th .. sam111 .... ar•• tal-.,·n h~ th,• t·lclf'k 1mo1I,• :!1. th•· a11!(,ranl,!inli!
:-,1111pl1• .. t ht• , ult a.rt• pr••st•nt at th•• analoat t·han,wl ancl 111:ul. th•· appre111ria1t•
l,!,11n into th•• prt•amplifi..r Tlw (ir-.t ,·l•it·'-. tit'I, tlwn 11t·•·11rs im1111·tl ia1t•I~ l'ru\ i,l.·tl an a1•1•ru1,ri.ah- dut·k fr••111u-n•·~ ha1' h••••n ..........n. th•· "'"'' ' ' prolil••n, 1:a\ uic lt'tl.
In 111,MI•• :-, 1.. w .... 1,s initiah'fl h~ .. ,, .. rnal trie:at..r-.1. tht' aut•,r:inl,!inli! •·i rc·uitr.
,1111•:- n11t 1"ample• !h,• ,ultal,!•• prt•1"t•nt on t·h:annt'I II for th,· rir,t -.ampl,· until tlw
,. t..rnal tr il,!~••r is r•••-..h•'tl Pr.. ttlinat rann11t he• u,••,I in "" •·••I' .. , in,·•· th,·
a11t11ra nl,!1• e::a in :-e-1 ........ 1 \\11ultl a1111I~ •" th•• pr,•,i11u-. •·hanrwl an,t n11t 111 th,·
, :an,1111• at·t uall~ t·ull,•rh'fl Tht•r.. fort•, t ht• 11rohlt'm dt•s.·r il1t•1I :1h11n• i, a, 111tl,·tl
To · II,•, iah• .. u...•thf' aJtt>rlur,, d.. la~ 11r11hl,•mi- in S\\t•t•ps. ,\'1111 t·an -..•lc••·t a '""
~win "it huut :1ul11ranl,!inl,! Thi s . . hurh•n-. • ht• ,l,•la~ •·un, ielt•ralil~
A11111•n,li, n -.hu\\S hu\\ 1 ht• l'ol'CfUt•nt·t' "' t'arh t•\l•n• . •·hann,·1 a•·1p11,1t 11111 .
.auturanl,!inl,!. auto-wruinl,!. anti 1·11m 1•r-.i.. n otTur in t·ac·h of th•• tl1ff,·n •n1 11 • ..ct,,..

.\ft..r an an:1lotl \Clllaa,tt• is ,·um..rh•cl. tht• ,lia,tilal ,ahw i:- fll :u·..•I in th,· fir,t -:n
riri-t -•.ut I Fl f'O I clata hufr,•r alone: '"' h a st at us h~h• "hi,·h r,•,·11rtl, th,· .. , ...,.,f •
i,·i- "' tht• t·• inn•rsion Th•·
1,urr.,:- allu\\ S data ,ai m•. to :m·umul:at,• ,nth,·
,\lt~I if tht• host i-. un:1111•· to re•tri,.,.,. tlwm imnwcl iah•I~

,..,,..o

The• FIFO hu(f,•r t·,intains 1~ h,\'h•s of nwnwr~ . In atl,litiun. thn,· 1, an -h11
output dat.a 1,urr.. r "hi,·h is us,••I tu intnfo,·•• \\ ith tht> RTl's par.111,·1 l"'rt line·,
IJ N1rt ,\ 1 Wh,•n tht' RTI assnt-. lnJlut Huffn Full dlW 1 tru••. 11 .. il,!n.tl, that 11
r•••·••iH'tl tht' ,,r,·,·ious data h~t .. anti, .. r,·ad~ tu rt•c·t•ht• th,· n,·,t data'"'''
Wh .. n th•· .\I l~ dc•frl'I, IRF' t rm•. it loa,ls t ht' data h~ It• at th .. 1.. p uf t h1· FIFO
hurf,•r into h,· out1,ut clata huff.-r. Th is nwan. that al an~ one• tinw, J~• h~ It•,
art• a,ailahlt• for stor,•cl c·on\t•rtt>t.1 ,·alut•s d:2),. in tht' t"IFO huff,•r plu-. 1 in tlw
clata out JIUI hurr.. r I ."inc·t• ••a,·h t·onH•rh•d an a Iott \'alul' U:-t•s t hn·•· ..~ , .... u \\ II
for th,· clil,!itizt'd ,alut' and ont' for thl' statu. h,\'tt'I, tht> All~I i-. t·apahl" of
hufft•rirllf 1:1 analot! ,alut•s for transmission to thf' ho-.t I I~• :t 1:11
In 11rd.-r for data to fl,1\\ tu thl' ho ·t • ·it hout lwi n1t lo ·t. it is nt'r••!--:-ar~ for th"
ho. t lo rontinuall~ .-mpt~ tht• FIFO l,urr..r as the Afl~f is filline: it If thtt host
c·ar,not rt•tri ..,-.. data qu id..!) ""°ulfh, thl' A()~I fills th .. FIFO huffn and "ill
not cli1titizt· an~· n.-" ,alu,•s until tht• FIFO huffn ran art'l'J>I tht• nl'xl I,~ tt' If a
tril,!•.-ri nl,! e,·.. nt o('('urs ht•for., at 1.. a .-1 on•• flata h,\'tt' i: .. mpt ittd . tht• data
-.am Jlt' is not ar11u ir ..,I anfl is lost .
statu. h~t st"nt \\ ith th•· data h~t ... ,
in•l it·att-s that th1• FIFO huff,•r is full or that a tr il,!l,!t' r inl,! c>rror ha
rn•cl
C.'t>tt .' tal us B~It', Error ('on<lit inn,, in ('hapt..r 11 1

,w,·

12'

CHAPT(A 9 COLLCCTINO ANALOG DATA

\\"hil,• I hi~ a1111roac·h r1•c1uirt's sum.- t houa:ht (ul an1'1)·sis "h,·n c·11ll1•t·t in~ data at
hitLh rnh•:-., it dOt': allow ) "OU tot· lw "hur. ts"o( data 1't th.. AO~I":-. ma,imum
A U rah•. ancl t·ollt't'I u11 to 1:1 ,alicl sam11l1•:-. at )our prot,[r.am's n,m,•ni,·nc·,•
1-'or ,·,am Jilt•, t ht' :\ H~I t·an c·on,·t'rt : mJtlt's at a ratt' of u11 to :-, l I h I( ., our
applic·:,t ion nc•t•ds to s:rn11•h• short c•,·c•nt. at th .. n-c-,lj..rnit ion o( ;t t ril! '"'· for
t''-11111,I,·. and 1:1 sam1alt•s "111 , ..,,r.. :-.1•nt t ht• .. ,·,•nt, ) 'OU c·an fill t ht• .\ 11~1":,. t'ffc I
liu"4•r as , 1uic·kl)· as 11ossihlt• "h,•n tht> trit:t,[t•r ut•c·urs. This ,l;1ta "ill r,•main in
th,• t' l ►'O hurr.•r unt ii re•t rit•H-.1: ~-our lll•11lic·at ion, t ht•rt•for... ,lot•s not ru•1•1I tu
rt-tri,,,.,. it immt-.liatt'I)·. Tht> last status hyt .. will incliratt' a trit,[l!nina: ,•rror,
hut if 1:1 sam11lt-. a1 .. t•nout,[h for ~·our a1111lic·at ion. ~·ou c·an iacnort' th,· 1:,~t clata
am1•l•.
Tht• maximum r:ah• at "hi,·h ) our a1111lit·at io:1 c·an r,•t ri,,," ,lat a from I h,· .\ J)~I
will t-., s111..·ifit· to) uur :11,11li1·at ion . Th,• A I •~I ,·an c-on, ••rt analo,t «!at a , :ahu-s at
:, 111•:ak m:"imum rah• 11( :-. Ulz. A c·ontinuuu~ sam11lintL amt tran~mi,,iun ratt'
will lK• le•ss th· n t hi . . hut it ,l,•1wn1li- u1111n t ht• s1w: ifit·s of) our a11pli1·a1 ion an1I
the• :,mount of sc,(t\\ar,• ,,,, ........:-inti ~·ou 110
Tht• t'lt'O huff.. r is c·h•art•cl onb· ur,d..r '"o ,·,in,litions· "h,·n a n••" tr iat1tninl!
nu1tlt' and "hannt•l s1w('i(ic·at ion c·ommancl hytt• is "rittt•n 1t·11mnaan,l ti~ h· :J 1. or
the• 10~!'\t:T hutton is cle•t•rt•sst'CI on tht• .\llW-. front J•ane•I Writinl! th•• inhihit
hit I an mmmand hyt .. ti clot•:-. not c·lt•ar the• t'IFO t.urr.. r 1!'\I••· f'haptn 11 1

xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
nxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x•••••••••••••••••••• ••

••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
xxxxx••••••••••••• •••••~•••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••
•••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxxx••••••••••• •
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
xxx•••••••••x

•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
X

XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
YXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXKXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~xx xxxxxx ~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX~XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXA

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx,xxx

10
Using the Digi tal
Inpu t/Ou tput
Barrier Strips

1 2

Chap t

llftNI Ct•
Tlw ADM's fmnt pan I contain an H-hit parall I di1eital input harrittr trip
· nd a ~-bit parall•I dil(ital output barrier i1trip. The di1eital input h rrittr strip
i primarily intended to be u..t
am •an for external tri1Ql't"rin1e. Howe\'f'r,
two tri•rilll( m 11 are provided in the ADM for th• rtteption of diarital
d t . Th ditrital output harri~r . trip •llows you to nd !'I-bit tli,rital clat out
to r.mot• ct.vifft nd is prim ril)' intended to allow application- l)l>('ifir rommand to be nt to remote data d \·i.-. .
ca11111cm 1110 TNI

....

Ewh bit in the harri•r trip i a pu htah ronnet"tor . To connt"t't a wirt> from an
t>xt rnal d•\·ire, u a small scN>wdrh·Pr, hall-point JMln, or ~-our finarer~ to
pfflll in the ffll slot on the barri•r trip. lnHrt the unin ulatttd end of th•• win•.
It.I•
th r..t tab to hold the wire in place. T,rn arround pu: htah ronne<·tio n.
are al pro\·ided for .ach dil(ital trip.

TNI D181TM. tNIIUT
Th• dil(ital input barrier strip may be utlttd for extt'rnal t rilO[t>rinar. for statu ·
hit pur
• or for r.ttivin,r dil(ital data.

133

CHAPTER 10 I U 1 ~ THE D1Co1TAL lfitP\JT /OUTPUT BARRIER STIIIIPS

...............

A rnh
o( O." \·olts or 1..s . . •ts 11..ri,·al O in the• tli~ital input hit'i- lu~it·. A
o( 1.6 rnlt ~•ts a lotrit·al 1. Th.. ttitrit:al in1•ut hits ar,• !'\d1mitt
minimum ,·ult
t rilQlt'r whit·h no. 11ond to , 11lt aw• 1.-, ,•Ii- rat ht'r th· n to transit ion-. :\ !\lo" I)·
,·h:,narintr t ri
rinar i1t!'lt1 • ·ill r;uas.. t ht• !'\t·hmitt t ri.ca..._•r tu (ire• "he•n th.,·olt
t·ro.:Ws th.. thn-shold of O rnlt!4 t'Vf'n if that ne•~.atin• transition iimaf ... ,.• ., . lt••·I~·. ht'n th... • ·hmitt tr'trltt'r (ire•s. tht' tlittital intiut t.it's int .. r •
n· I lueric- i M>t to 0.
0

Th.. die,ital input hit n1u. t he• rt•~•t to 1 tN•(oft' t ht' St·hmitt t ri ..-..re•ri- t·an rir.~ · in. Thi. n1t>an. th· t an~ t'~h•rn.al lint' t'Onn«tt'd to th.. hit mu .. , ris.. to a
\'olt
or at Itta t 1.G rnlt . or hiarhe•r tu . t th.. dierital in11ut hit to lottie·al 1
l.-(oN' a ne,r.atin• tran. ition 1·.-n atrain iwt a loerit-al 0.
Any d.-\·itt that u. •. Tr.ansistor-Transistor IA11tic- cffl.1 will c·orrN·tl~· fir,• the·
diarit.-1 in11ut hit : ·hmitt t ria,.')N•rs. A Tri. lliarh . iernal is de•fin ..d I ror uut a,ut , .&!\
· . itrn I !tl•t•·e..-n :U \'Olt . · nd 5.0 n1lt,-. A ffl. Lo · . iernal is de·fin...t :ai- .- sit,!nal
he-t•·..,..n O an,I o.r. mlts. Thus Tri. hi.ch will cautW a 1 to ht• se•t in th,· dit,!1tal
in11ut hit and ffL lo•· will r· u a o to ht> • t .

Ulilll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,. "•
F.1u·h cliarit I input c-onnN·tor is • siwN+ tt'd with tht' anal•t&! t'hann,•1 numlint•tl
,·urrt>. pondinerl~· rur •~t .. rnal t ritQ(l•riner. 'h..n you h "" 1•r1tt,!ramnwd th,· .\ I 1\1
(or 14inerl.. c-h nn•I at"quisition. tartt'd h~· an• ·tt-rnal tri,t,tl'r lt>ith.-r si nt,!lt• or
multi pl• mplt>s- mod.. 1 or mod• !II, th.. diarital input hit assoc·iatt'tl "it h that
c·hannt'I i. munitnn-d for dt•h•t·tion o( · trilQft'r iarnal. A trit,!trt>r sitrnal is a
rnhatl'" r rri..d on a • ·in- t·-onn.-eh'Ci tu th.. cliarit.61 input hit. Wh.. n that rnltat,!•·
dro1.s (rum a lt>n•I ahcw.- I.ti rnlts to a lt•wl ht-low 0.1'1 rnlts, th.- clitrit.il in1111t hit
i iwt lo a loarit·al \·aluc• or O: t hi. is dt>fint'd a. an t>Xtt'rnal t ritr,ft•r sit,!nal. Th ..
All. in thi. c- ~ tw,rin. data ar,1ui. tion.

Th.- t>Xte>rn· I tri.-r is • ·iN'd to th.- diarit · I input bi~ assoc·iah•ci with the•
. ltttt>cl analoar rhann.-1. Ir ~·ou ar.- c·ollt't·tinar amplt>s on c·hann.-1 -t C"onnt•c·t t ht·
• t•rn· I trilQ(t'r wirt> to diarit· I in11ut bit 4.
\\'h.-n ~·ou proarram tht' AllM (or a swt>t>p, the t>Xtt>rnal tritract•rin~ lint• is
c-onnl"t't.-d to diarit I input hit 0. Sw...-ps always . tart on t·hann.-1 o. :rnd an
t>Xtt>rnal trilQ(•r dt>t....-tion on di,tital in11Ut bit O tarts tht• Pntirt- SWt't'J.l. A
triao,rt•rinar c-onnN·tion to tht- cliarital input hit s a sociatt'd with th«> oth.-r c·han n.-1. utled in th.- S\\'ttP i. not nt>c·t>. : r~·.

U~'""G THE DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT BARRIER STRIPS CHAPTER 10

Tlw t>xt •rnal tril,!1,!t•rinl,! t·apahility allow. data produ("in t1.~,·ir.-. tht•m.r •h·.-. to
tril,!~t•r data <'Ollt-t·tion. Some ,·i<'~. make u. of a hand:hakin~ Ji,w ,·all.-d
"llata \'alit.l''or "Data R,•ad)·,"or . nut- otlwr namfl ·hi.-h indic·at.-. th.at ,·ali,1
clata is now h,~in~ 1troduet>d. If )·our ,le,·i ha. UC"h a lin ant.I ttw lin.- c·ondir ti)· for n extt>rnal tri~l,!.-r. Th..
forms to TrL le,·t•ls, that lin ,·an I u.
t·in·uit shoulcl lw c·om1tlt•t.-d b)· ,·onnt·t·tin,r • wire fro th.- •li~it I in1.ut harri.-r
:tri11 l,!rouml hit. to thtt a:rou I on ).

rnwd by
rt- i
•Ila to
, if · north• dia:it
~itort . t
it- I O on t

Tlw dia:ital in1tut hitM ran
·
swill'h clo. ure~.
nt.
,·oltatet> p
lwn
t ht>m h·e
·ik
mall)· 01w
hit will "tWn!W'"loa:i,·al I •
dia:ital in1. t hit lo
clil,!ital input hit. Thi

If t ht- swit.-h dosur• nwt hod i~ uSNI, a t"a ·itor !lhoukl lttt uSt-d to h~·1ta. . ttw
·itrh , I 1•r ,·f'nt fal!W ~ •mnd
~wikh to ,rround. Thi ·ill t bount"tt t
hould t "·ir I. Tht>r.- artitor
tr i,...~1·1i, ~- i ia:ure 10-1 !,how~ ho · thi c
two a:round input. on th.- ditfital in1.ut barrit-r tri11. Th ize or th.- c·apa,·itor
should he lwtween :u microfarads and 10 mi,·rofarads.
-

G'IIO

GND

:::;::: C

1"40

,~,

- -

IN7

::::~c

01 (,I TAL
11\1,U T

STfl 1,
INJ

- ......

IN!i

01,oF

C· 10 .. ,

,.,fl'
IN7

. . .,....

,..,.1.1

! ■ample of

wilcll D•llauncin9

135

CHAPTER 10 I UStt.;G TH£ DIGITAL tllfPUT /OUTPUT IIARRl(R STRIPS

Th,• ..,,,,,/,1!1 /1t1t11 .\lo,111/, O,,.,,, ,·:-. .\ft1111ml It-:K -.\H~U'f'.f 1\11 prm i,I. .. fur thn
inforni.,tion on usin.r th,· di.rital in1,ut l1:uri1•r stri11 for t•,tnnal t n l!~t'rlfll!
.\ I o, r,,r.. , to C'h 1•1 .. r 9 for furl h.-r inform.at iun on m1Hlt•-. I hat u-.,, ,., t nnal
t ri1,.,.,..rin1r.

.. .... .........
_..

.'i,.,..- th.-. tatu hyt .. r.-turns tht• statu; or th.. 1liarit· I in1•ut hit .as. udat ..d "1th
th,• sam,-.lt..t an· l•itr c·h nn.. 1r.-arardh•!o. or •·h.-1 h..r th.. An. is 1m'tlr:rn111w1l for
,,,t.-rnal lri.-rinar. th.. \alidit~· hit c·ttn ht• ulWtl a. a . latu. hit. If ~uu "1-.h to
ust• a d.-,·in-'. "HMI \'alid"lin.. for status 11uq101Ws insh•a,I or 1•'.\. te•rnal tria!i:•·r·
in.r. thi. ,.. n he dunt- .-asily. Tht• h.andsh· kin.i lint' is mnnt•t·lt••I to th•· ,li.,;ital
in1.ut rri..r. trip in th.. sanw m.ann.. r · . d..s.·riht-d aho,·.- for ••xt .. rnal tril!"-"'r·
intc lin.... In this ,·as.-. ho\\t'\t"r, th,• .\H. is proarramnw,I rnr ,lat a :m111i~1 t111n
hai-t"CI upon .a c·luc·k, or r..,_.... It-cl .-w,·ution. or sinarl., l'lam1,I., 1•11m111.,n,li- The•
nalidil~· hit c·an tht'n h.. .-x;1min.-cl for .. wr.,· 1lat;1 h~·t .. that ii- re•!urn ..,I Hat:•
h~·h•s \\ it~ Hali,lit~ hit . intlit·at inar in, ;1li1l 1l:1ta ,·;en he• 1l i--<·,mle•1I .
.'in,·t• tht• status h~·t.. r,•turns th.- ,liarital in11ut hit fur all data .11·,1'11 --11 11111
mudt•s, th.. rnli,lit~· hit •·an lit· 1:-1'fl in 1·11nju1·ti11n \\ith .. ,t..rn;al tria:l!ni111! rur
i-,\1•1•11s. 1-'or ,•,ample•, if ~1111 want to -.\H•1·1• 1·h:1nn.. ls O. J. :en,I :.! u-. ina,! •· t.-rnal
tril!att•rinli( lo start th•• !l\\ ... 'J•. ~uu ,·an -.till ronnt'C't a st:,tu-. lin .. tu •fo.dtal in1111t
t,iti- I an,I ~- Th,•s.- hits ran th,•n ht• u. ,I as, ali,lit~ t,iti- i-in,·•· th••~ pla~ nu r11l.,
in t ht• •·,t.-rn· I 1rian,.,..rinar of t ht• swN•I•·

c,nn••---Th,• Alt~ prmitlt'. l\\11 trit,f~.-rinat mc11lt'i- fur 1·111lt•1·t ina,! "-!tit tli1tital tlata
1hrouarh th,· ,liarital input h:arri,•r :-t ri11. ~inc·,• I ht• AIt. 1·a11 111· 1·11nfil,fur,•1I f,,r
uni~· ont• tritQ!l'rinar Rlf1tl.. at a tim... ustnl( th .. AU~ for d1~ttal data 1·111l,•1·t111n
1m•1·hule•s simultant'ous c·oll,•c·t ion of analuar clat a ll11\\ .,, ,•r, at t inw:- t hi, n11t,.!'ht
111• cle•sir.ahlt• lliarit..AI d•t:e c·:m h.. rollfftt'd at ratt's up 111 I:!Jo. lo.Hz. .\, "'11 h
analc11t data :et:-, Ulz. thi. ,s .a hur. I mcllit• ur 11111•r.. tion ..\ ,·11ntinuc.t1-- ~arnpltni:
.anti transmis~ion r.-1 .. \\out.I t... 1.-ss th.an thi s anti \\111111I cle•pe·ntl 11n th,· "'l"•1·1 fi1·-. uf )our a1111lic·ati11n .

USlt«; THE 01 ITAL INPUT10UTP T 8AAA1£A STAIP

I CHAPT(A 10

~·n·o

I hl,!llal ,l;,ta is r,•;ul frum tlw
huff,•r in tht• sanw n•ann,•r a:- : 11 :.lul,! ,l;,ta.
•· n ·1,1 that t•at·h clitit:il data sam,,1.. tKTUl•i,•s uni) unt• ••~ It• . Th•· FIFO t.uff,•r.
th..r••for••· ,·an holel u11 tu 12!• ditcit.al d· la sam,,l .. s. The• •lil!ilal ilata lt~i•·
.11a1dw.. 1h:ct of th,· in,·11111intc •l.ata lin••s A I in th,· ,lil,!ital h~h• indu·a11• .. that
thal ,l:ata lint•""" in th•· hitch :-tall•" h••n tht• s:,1111,l•· \\as tal.•·n Hil!ital ,la1;1 in
11e1rt .\ c·urr••s11unds ,lir,•c·t I~ tu 1h•• •li,cit;al in11u1 hits Th,• . ~B in purl A IP .\ 7,
rt·rl•·1·t .. th,• ,lata 1•r•·-..•nt ofl ,li~ital in11ut hit';. an,I 1h1• l.~B I l'.\111 r,•f11•1·1:- th, ·
,lat a 1•r••-..•nt on ,litrit al in11ut hit 0.
: ~ .. ,c:.111 .. h\ t ,.. 1,r,,, ut, .. t fur ,h,ut;.I 11;11_. Th1•rt• ,.. 1h..r, fo1r1• 11, ,
••rrur 1n,lin1t1••11 ,r th1• I- ! ►'II huff,•r 1--.·um.... 11111
Tr il,!,c.. rin,c n111tl,• •• 11r11,i1l1•:- fur ....11,•t·tiun of· sintcl1• h~h• 11f •lil,!ita! •lata frnm
th,• 1li1ritial in11111 harri..r i-tri11. Tht• data i, re•;ul imm,•,liatt•h "h,·n th,· 1·11111 •
m;an,I hyh• is "riu .. n tu I ht' :\ It. .
Tril!tc••rintc mu,I.. '; 11rm i,1,•s for 1·11ll1·1·t iun uf mult i11l1• t,~ h•:- uf ,lil!I ia l .tat·• frum
th,• cliarit;al inl'ul harrin ,1ri11 Tht• fir:-t It~ h • is mll•••·ll••I i111m1•1li,11t•l., \\ lwn th•·
1·11111111:an,I h~ h· is \Hith•n 111 I ht• A I 1\1 :-:ul1s1••1u1•nl 1·11111ma111I t.~ 11,.. :m • rt•,111 al
1•,wh "'tic·~",,f th,· .\11\1' ... c·l111·k.
~ .. han,lshal.intr line•.; ar,· 1• ·. icl,·,1 fur tri~•C"ninat m,"J, ... ,; ancl 7 :-:_, 111 hn,11 11.,11ion uf I h•· \ I
r1•1·,·11• ion ..r •Iara \\ it h I h•· r1•nt11!1· tit•\ 11 , .' .. I ran .. ,11 ..... , .. n , ..
attttl II al ion ,1,•t•·ndt•nt .

,,rs

~t•l1•1·tinar tria:art•rintt m,eclt· ti 11r mu,I,·-; ,.. cl11n1• in •·11111111an, I I,~It•;:, 1n tlw ... ,till•·
mann..r that .1n.alott tri~l,!•·ri nl,! 1111Hl1•, :tr•• ,,·l•••·.. ·,1 •~•·• f' h.q,t..r I I f11r th,·
1·11111man,I h~ tt' format~ 1

TNI DIGITAi. OUTPUT u1111•11 ITW
Th,· -\11'1 ran h1•r11nfitturt>cl for,htt ital 11Ut1'III h~ iwllinl,! 1•1 ·1; t,, I and 111·-; t,,11
Th i:- il i:-a t.1 .. :- th•• normal 1·111111na1ul t.~·tt• 1l••<·1 Nlintc l111,!i1·. an,I t lw \ I 1\I pa,:-1•..
an~ ,lata rt•c·••iH'•I frum th,• RTI JN1rt B lin.-s dir,•,·tl ~ 111 th•· d11,!1tal 1111tp 11
harri,·r strip In thi:- \\a~. ,liarital data •·an ht• s..nt fr11m th,· All~I

137

CH4 T(A 10 I U

G TH( OIGIT4l •~T OUTPuT l4AAl[fl Sl ~

The· cl il,!ital 11ulj1ut
rri..r :--tri11 is vrm icle-cl to :allo\\ c·ontrul m n ,·,t.·rnal
cl,·, i,·1•, '.\Ian~ ,l.,ta
i,•,•04 haH• ,liiital in11ut 11urt :-- ror ,·111111nan1I informal ion,
, m·h a, 1·11ntr11ll intr ,·al ihrntiun, initi:atinac ur :--t111111intr · nalut: chat tran .. 111ii-, i11n:--, or ut hn fun,·t ion,. ltt•fc·r to t ht• clu,·unwntat ion 1,rm iclt•cl ,, it h ~ our ,1,,, in·
fu r inform:at iun on ho\\ tu rontrol it .

,1,,,

Tht> ,litrit;al out1.ut . tri11 u. s Transistor-Transistor l.t •i<· rur 1l,1ta tr.,n~mi, .. ion :\ 1ti1tital hit "' 1 1,ru,hu·,•:- · hi1th 1111t11ut crnlt :al,!1• arre•.ah•r th.an:! I , olt :- 1
a ncl :a ,liacital t.it ur U 11ro1luc·c•s lo\\ 11ut11ut 1,11lt;&l(t' lc•ss th.mo :-, ,1:lt ~,. llat.i
"rittt'n tu I h,· ,liacital out 11111 h;arric•r . t ri1, re•m.ain. l.th'h.-cl unt ii th,· 11,,,1 ,lat a
h~ h• ii- r,-c-.•h·..J.

1JI

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••xxxxxxxx••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••x••••••
xxxxx••••••••••••• •••••••••••x••••••• ••••••••••
xxxxxxxxx•••••••• •••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••

•••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
................... .....
••••••••••••••••••• ··
··················~
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••

•un,x••••••
: •·
··········
••••••••x
xxx••••
,ex•••

•••
X

XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXX

:.cocxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
XXXX>CXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXMXXXXXXXX

xxxxxxxxxxxx•x,cxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xxxxx
xx•xxxxx•••xxxxxxxx •xxxx•xxxxxx
xxx••••xxxxxxxxxx •••••••••••xx•x~
•••xxxxx••••••••••• xxxx••••••xxxxxx
xx••••••xxxxx•xxx•x ••••••xxxxxxxx•xxx

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••~••••••••xxxxx xxxxxx•x•xx•xxxxx •xx•
xxx•••••• xxxxx•••••••••••••• ••••xx ·xxxx•••

········
···················•••••••••
····~·············•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••

xxxxxx••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••xx xx•xxxxxxx
x•xxx•x•xxxxxxx••• ••••••••••••••••xxxxx x•xxx•xxxxxx

ll
Programming the ADM

140

Chapt

MUS SCllll 1.lffllffll ---ftllll W!SSMl-1 ftl
Tlw ADM i ronMt'tfd to the RTI'. intern I rahle h~· th 62-pin rahlt- uppli~t
• •ith ttw ADM. Thi e bk- t rri all th._. RTl'it input/ output i.rn· L. On th._.
ronnN·tor. .tr.AOM. ho t"ver, th IEEE-.»14 hu ronnmor and th• t,,rn
I . -thnllltlh ronnffton onh·. Th._. AD ~ nnt prott!I. :i.rnal. on th..:w
in an~· • • y. The ADM i rontrollt"d thmu11h th• RTI'. i,arallel I: f •
int ..rf
port . Wh..n you u• th ADM with th RTt. t!I.. para11.. 1port ill not :n·ailahl.- fnr
ind.-swndent proerr mmin•.

su·

To rontrol the ADM. you mu t fir. t n•nfierur• tht" RTI'~ 11ara11.. 1 J)ort . Th ..
1•n1pPr ronfiaruration for ADM l-Ontrul i port A. modtt I. input. port R, mod.. I.
out.,ut, and t-!>th port (' uppt>r and port C low.-r ronfiarured for output . Thi .
mpli lwd by writinar a rontrol • ·ord nf ~-I c 1, c101 totoo,.
,·onfipration i
to th• rallt"I port rommand n,ri ter. • Ch pter ;;_
Port A i. u1Wd to rweiv da from th• ADM . Tht> ADM' FIFO output huff.. r
is ronn tttd to thf' port A lin . The h nd hakintr line in port c· art> ,·ontrollt>tl
automatit· lly b~• the ADM. When there is a data hyt• in tht> F'IFO output
hurrt•r. th• ADM a rts the STB . iirnal tru.-. Th• RTI a. :wrts th.- IBF i.cnal
tru• I hitrh, indic-atin• that it ha■ r.tth·@d the data h~·tt>. Wh.-n your ar,pliration
read the RTI port \ n,ri ter, IRF ll'JH low. ipalina the ADM to transmit tht>
,-ontrol lint- art" handlt>d automat nt""tl d ta hyt«- from th• FIFO ha.J(fer. Th
il'ally hy the ADM.

CHAPTER 11 I PROGRAM ING THE ADM

Port Bis Ust'<I to tran:mit tlata to tht' AlJ t. Tht' information rt't't1i\'ed on tflt'St'
lin . hy the AD I is interµrelt•tl eithttr a. a t·onfit(uration ,·ommancl t for analo~
or ,!•,..;tal data eollel'liont. aM ditcital out1,ut ,Jata, or a ealihration ,·onunancls
for eitht~ off t calibration or iain t·alihration. llow the ,lata on the 1tt,rt B
line i inlet .,reted de11l'nd upon the current rombint-d state or the Pf'6 and
I ~7 line.. ~ 1';.hle J J-J. llandshakin.c rontrol lines between th~ RTI and the
A I> are handlt-<I automat i,·all)· for 1t0rt H tran missions.
The handshakintc timintc diaacram for the lt'fi / ~DM data transfers are shown
in Fiiure IJ-1.
TRANSFE A TO ADM

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
N IDATAI =x_v_AL_•o

,c, 101,1 ~ · , ~

,,._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

t-•,-t

1--•J~
\~--~I
Ill

111

TRANSFER FROM ADM

,A1DATAI

--~x. .

v_a_11_o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _x..,__ _ _ __

-~---,.---•..t

,c• tSTIII
111

,cs"''' ,,..,______/
11
12

_____

µS < 11 < 2 µS

< 350 NS
13 1 11S
Ill DATA ~TCHfO INTEfl"4AllY AT THIS POINT
Ill flTIM lfHf""U'1 G(N("ATED If fNAILlO

,..,.11-1
IITI/ADII ,__..Mllilll

M~t or the bits in port Care used for hand haking lines for port A and port B
data tran mi sions. Howe,·er. some bits are lert O\'er and are u. ed to control
how the ADM intt'rprl'ls the port B data sent to it. Bits PC6 and PC7 are u ed
to ronlrol the 01 rational mode of the ADM. Table J 1-1 shows how thP rombined tale of P 6 and PC7 in<lirate thti operational mode of the ADM .

142

....

, ,,.,
,C7 ... N:IIP

,c1 ,a

1(11

Anal

and

la •~ , , •pr, 1, ,, 1 !.. c., ,., "'l n

r, tes

,t I out
strip

n tt <: c htlf ahon m<
Sc- ('t'lapt r 12
m

Hit, l'C'ti an,t lltf'j .&rt' 1·11n1rnll,•1I h~ ,.,r, (' hi, ...., r,•!of•I c·umm.rn,1-. \Hillt>n , ..
ttw t:Tf's 1•:ernll.. l 1•ort n,mm.ancl rt'ati,lt•r f'hiiltlt'r :-, ,·untam:- c·omple•h • information on tht> 1•ar.,ll,•I l"•rt 1·11mn1and r••J.!i. , .. r Tat.I.. 11 -:! summariz,·, th,·

,·omman,ls, h.-1 n,•c·cl 111 h,· "rit h•n to 1 hi:- c·ununan,1 n~i:-h•r tu !'ot't or .-1,•ar 19' 't)
ancl llf'i.
, . . . 11.1
Ca . . . . . . . . . . . N:11_.flCJ

----To 5

...,

-.c
,,,,.,...,,,

..........,

111 0 1

! 111 t

000 11

lo c l a, PC
18 1

0001 111 0

Pt 'ti and l'f'';' rt'main latc·hwl ~ h..n a J•orl (' hil s.>t rt'-wt c-ommarul i:- "r111.-n
Th,•r,•for... tht' AP~ rnua ins in lht' ,·ho. n c-onfi1tt.1ra1ion until Pf 'ti an,I PC'';
a rt' pN·ifi,·a II y rt>~·ri t h•n

Wh,·n 1-.·ti and 1,•; an- hoth !Wt too. th.. AU. i. t·cmfitrurttd for aanalu~ and
1li~1tal 1la1;. .a<·«1ui. it ion. In thi. mud... all h. ·t ..s writt .. n to th,• AO~ · r .. ,·onsidt•MI tu ht- t·omm ftd h~·t ... . Th.- All. dN·tidl's th... ronam.and h~·t ..s and c•on(ia:ur,• .. it...-lr fur l'ilht"r naluer or diarihal ,I· t.a at·qui ition. Onl~ four t·ommand
h~, .. s .-r,· nN't' . r~· to ,·onfiarun- th• An. for d ta a,·c1ui. it ion. In . om.in-.t:rn,·••-.. !4ttftlt' of th.. t·umman,I h~·t .. do nut n....cl to ht- "rittl'n.
Th,· four ,·umm· n I h~·, ..s n- ,1..s.·rih.-d in T· hi.. 11-:4.

,-tt-1

.. C

............

, 11 I l'l rricr strip tNra

r ' '"

2 0

bl!

5-0

, bits 5-0

lnh1btl hi!

Cah , !ton btl

D,g,tal output '"al)le hit
Pr ampl,t , gam btf

Auto,angmg enable bit

tbits

T,, . 11ng mode select bits

no h(

nl •

RAIi. UII\IG fl-iE ADl\i

,.-n_.

.... ... ......
c, ........ .

'-,, n,l u

I th,

and ,, ,, 0

'7
, h,16

0
0

uurc f l (.'~ U n

.. 10
111

.,I

,. J , ,m ,111 I f t.•

t.Hz

t>4 IIH/

10 1

1 • ► H .!

0 11

4 ► Hz

l,H.'

010

! ~ H:

0()1

"' 5 H:

. Hz

, .... 11-1
C
I .... ,

......,
7-

s, mi, •s that th,:. ,s
s

mmand bvl

d1111der btl 5

T•~

l ,mt: oa

d ,

r btl 3

T,m e ba

d1 ,

, bit 2

baSP r1I tdPr btt 4

T,m bas dt tder bit 1

d1vtder b it 0

I )

( Hl

tR 1

CHAPT("" I "'OuAAINlfitG TH( ADM

C'omm;and h~ tt-. 0 nd I Mh' U!WCI tu ~·1,..·t a c-loc·I-. fr•••1u••n•·~·. H~ 1,rm i,linl,! :a
l inu- t . ~ ,lh·i,k•r .and i& sourt't' rr... Ut'nc·~·. the• ,.. 1-limt' doc·!-. .-:an .... 11r11i:ram nu-.l : • C'ha1•t.-r !t ror inrormation on ho\\ to ch•h•rmin.. th•· time• li;a!'o4• 1lidcle·r
aml •,uurn- fr.-.1,u-n•·~
YIMl114
.,. . . . .
Cl

ommand b le 2

""' ttw·. bit tf
st

d <, I

nd '

f IF ) t I tl'I '

0
1np11t fr m lhe O\ljll1ple•f•I ,1r,d 1, ., .
'- II net
f l',d
3
,npots to , hdl •l'W'I O throu

u11 JI an.11

,r,p11t tr l,m ttit>

111.:11 u tput l n
tllr, l ', ldl ITI

naltlQ

r s 111

(.d hl ,ldlt(,n

hannel

lh(> t'l,t

1,1, t I ,

, ;t ,

It,(
• • 'II

l jdlfl

le, tll ... ,'(J , • • lht , ,,.

ht ir•r

,I I t. a, ' ran•l•" .

f \1 1 •<,

21
1 uin,t, 1

10
11

&e
fnan s

tlf'hrnal

~• nal

cfl'\(J

1ng 811

•'J•fl c ,r 11, ,
• d,
, • ., · , lt •

,1111 "

, ,,,,
( •I

, ,, <

Th,· in h1h11 I r ii:lf"rtnl( h11 , hit .·,, j,. u~•,1 lo ..1011 ,in~ ,I.ala :U'ljlll • ' 11 ,:1 1· 11 · 1·111I.
unurr ini: "h•·n 1h.. t·umman,I h)lt' j .. "rille•n Wh.. n lh•· inl11l111 1 ,11 1 \\ 1111,•1
... ,1 r.. r al h·· !ol 100 mi,·ru. 't'on,ls, lht .\H. tup!ol \\h,tlt•H·r ,, • ,t, IIIL' ,11111
t·nt..r .. a hol,I niu,t.•. T!,i .. hul,I "''"'•· 1·;1n t-., r1•l1•a-..-.l uni~ I,~ \\rll 11 ._. ,, , •1111 ,1111
h. h• :! .&6!.lin \\ilh 1h1· inh1l111 1111 d1•.a: l•.at.a a,·,1ui .. ,1,11n 1·,in 1h,·11 I , r, ... ,., . ,,.,I
h, "ril iner C'llnlnl' nd h) h• :1 ar.ain "it h ••ii ht•r t'ljllh ·•'••nl or Ill ' \\ ' l1!1 ' 1•r 'l \!
inf•,rnuallon H.•nauw the· intut,11 '"' ""' .. ' , .. 111 .. iu ~·• rur .. , ,•.• , .. , 11•1 11 11, 1...... ..
11111t.) uu "ill 1m1t · hh nol 111• .a hit• to" rih• t ht• n1•\\ 1·11111111;an1I h, h • 111 1 ,1· 111:, ti, 11
unm, li:at .. l)
'he·n th.- inhihit hit j._ '"4'1, 1h.. ,lat a 111 th,· .-! ►'U huffn j,. nut ..t,•a re•,1 if, l11•
inh1ht1 hit i.. •I "hil,, a 1·11nH•ri-i11n ... , ..... urrini:. that 1·11n,,·r,1,,n , ... ,II, , , ,.. 1 t u
rinii-h, hut ,h.... tatu, h~ h • r1•1·11r,1 .. a r:., .... tni:i:..rrni: ..rrur
The• ·\ It~ ,·.an 111• r1•s1 .arh'tl uni) h~ \Hit 1ni: 1·11111111an1I h~h · :; 1111\\ ,., ,., . "1 . · , ' IL!
t·11mm.en,I h~h• :: .111t11m:,1i1·all) ,·1,•.,r .. tlw ►' l ►'tt huff,·r 'fh,·n•f11r,·. 1f 1 ,,11, " '
t11 ohlain th.. 1la1a 1n th•• fl ►'O l,uff..r l11•(11rt• n •.. 1art ini: tlw \11\1. ♦ 111 , ,11
r1•111•,1h'III) r,•,111 111,rt .\ ,,f , h,· k'fl ►:. 11 · h ri•.111 11( l" •rl \ , di '"I! •I,· t 111· h:11 , :
,hal..ina,r hne•s 111•1\\t"'" th•· \11~1 .11111 th,· kTI ,11111 tran,f..r th,· n,· t t!.,t ., It, ·
from I h,· 1-'I ►'o hurr,•r

147

CHAPll" 11 I PfllOGAAMMING THE ADM

Tht• c· lihration hit thit ,11 is us.•11 durin.r c·.-lihratiun Wh,·11 l,lt I 1, i-1•1. th,·
norm I in9tUts to tht• multi91lt•iwr ,·hann,•ls art' dis· t,1,.. 1 ;uul tlw f11 ll11\\ ,nl!
in11ut. an- r,..t to ,•h;.nn.. ls o t hrouarh -1:
('h;mnf'I O
,\n;alotl .rroun,I rt•ft•r.-nt·1•
{'hannt-1 I

S,•.ral iw rull-~·al.. r.. r,•rt•R('t'

f'hannt•I t

rosit in• full -st·alt• rt•ft•ft'Rl't'

( 'hann.. l :I

Bi11olar t rianarular r.am11

Onl~- I h1• in11ut s on ,·h· nn,•ls O an,I I ar1• us.•,I for ,·alihrat i1111 Tl ..- d 1an1wl :! ,111tl
:( in11uts art• us...1 durinar di,1tlnost it· t.-:,;t inlf.

\\'h,•n ,·lt•arNI. I h,· •litlit al out 11ut .. nal,I,• hit I hit :11 pla1·1·, t h1 · Iiit .. 1111 th,· ii ii! 11. al
out1111t harri,•r stri11 in tlw hitlh -im1ie'tlanl't· thn•,•-st;alt· UhHl1· "h id, i, t\1'11111 r .,
I nor a 0. Th,· hiti- r,•main in th is stah• until 1·11m111arul h~lt• :! , .. rt •\\rlll1 ·11 ,, 1th
hit :I t·l,•ar, th,• :\ll~t ,•nh•rs 1littital 11ut11,1t m,Ht,•. an,I th,· f,r-.t data I,, t,· ,,
"rittt>n to I h1• ou111ut :.t ri11. ~.,. ft itt ital Out pul ~le HI .. lie•lo\\

Thi• 1•r•11tran11nal1l1• train hi, ~ 1hi1i- :! an1l I I i-1•lc•1·t attain tu 111 · 11,,·d if .11 tur,, nl!
intc is to Ill' 1lisahl..d.
Th.- auloran.rin1,t hit I hit 011•nalil1•-- or 1lisal,t,,.. ;mt11r,rnttintt
f'h1N1sin1t autornnttintc or a tt:1in for tlw pr,•amplifi..r i, il i,rn , .. ,.,1 rw, n · full
C'ha11t.-r 9.

111

PRVGR A..-VI Ci TH[ ADM ; , o, APT[R I 1

,.-.11-1

c,._....... ,

.,...

.........

S1gnrht>s lhal lh1s ,s ommand b l e> 3

·- - - - - - - - - --

n ( 11, lh( ( h,11 11 , •l t, tit ·
Andl1r Ch.lll tis lec t, n Th 1ht.(' h 1I
ll)I !,Ill ll { llannl I S mphng I '1 • tu _ih, I ll.1nr 11 I ,, ,I •'• 1 I

IIS •

54J

Cllannl•I Sd

111
110
101
100
011
0 10
1

Channel 7
C hannel 6

000

I d

Chann I 5
Chann I 4
Ch<1nncl 3
tlann 12
.hanncl 1
Chann I 0
S I r.lton Tht·s · 1hr e t , , •;p, .-,t,

Trr , ('11nq

t• • l i< ror , i

mull · I<• as sho~·n lX'low
2 10

T11q
M

111

Dc>scr,phon
M111!1pl

d 1g1tal

ah1 s ,npul th, ,,qt, t h, • cl,•, d i or10 ,1

ba111 , 11,p 111 I <; 1mpl in,t,Jlt•ll tn\1 11 t11dlt ·I
c;uh se u nt '>,1n11 I s ,nrt,at Cl h) clo, i,,

110

I 1, hi

,np.it 1hr IICl

th,

, 1•1,11 1 f-" i'

A nal0 _ cl1dnn I c: ... cp
,1 rnal 1119 ,

101

100

A
b,

An alo') c han11 I .,. .,.
1mmedIal 1, SU S

t .,,v,1•µ slarl ·

PS in • ,at rt P

LIP ~

0 11

S,n I dnalo channel m ,11t1p l(
,mltalcd b', e-,1erna1 tr,
,rn11aled h\ lock

010

Sinql analog c ann I mull, I ,;amp!,• ,,, ., ·, m,,,,
start s 1mmcd1alt•I ~ sul>scquc• sJ m 11:~ ,n, t,,, ~v-1 r ,.
clock

001
000

'>Jmpl(

S1ng1r an lo c hanne l m1Jlhpl c.amµ I •s c1 r t• ',Jm1,1,
Ihrs: and su s Qu nl J tn1l1ated r ,te rna1 11,y r
0

,- hann I sin 1• samp1 ,n,t,al
anal
•dtel, wh •n c.c,rn mc1nel 15 .-.111! n

141

Tiu 11 i, .111ini: of 1lw d1.1llllt'I :-J1t·1·if1n11111n t111, 1!11111,,1 . . 11 p11n 1t..- 1, ,_._.,, ,•, •
1 ,, .. !, .. , 1.-. lt·al If ~11u ..,.l,·1·1 a -- inl! I• , h.a111wl ;1n1 111 , 1t111n n111d1·. th, , l. .1n1 ,, '
'I"'' 1i ll',1t i1111 t,, .. i, l,·n1 1f:, 1111' ,·h;in1wl tu t11• u--,·d If :, 11,1 ,1·l,·1·1 ,1 :-\\1•,·1, t, ' I!.!•,
11 ,i: 11 ..d,·. 1111· , li.a1:n, I :,,111•a·1 f1t·,1l1un t.i1, 11lt·nlif. th, hia,!h,·,-1 n1111 1h,•r, ol a·l. ., ,n, ,·I
i1 th, .. \1 1•q• !'-\\1•1·1•-- ,1l\\,1_\ .. !-larl hll l'hann1•l II an,I , .,,•,•p 1hr, ,111!h ,. ar:,
, l1.a11 11, I 11111 ii 1h1· ,, ...,·,fi,·,1 hil,!h,·,t nu 111t11•r c·hamwl i.: r,•,u·h,·cl

Tlwr.· ,l1 11 ltl ht· no 111111 ..... ,I an,al111,! ,·hanrwl:,, in ii :,,\\1•1•1• ~•1• C'h.ip!,·r i• 11 ,,,11
,1·l1·r l ,a lrll,!l,!•·rin • ni,111•· fur cht,!ita l cl.ala ,u·1111i ... iti11t1, th•· ,·hann•·I :,,pa ·, 1f11 .,1 1,,n
t, it .. ;a 11· il,!n11r••al
11

Th, tr il,!I,!• ranl,! 11111al1• lait, 11t·nf. th, 1ri.:l,!1·r inl,! 1111111•· 111 111· u:-1·.f f,,r al:,, .,
ill ,111 i-- :1i1111 If ~111, ,a·I,•, t .a ; a n.al ol! lr!l,!l,!t·ranl,! m11al1· \\ hidi -.t ;art, i11 ,u11•,li ;1t ,,I-.
111,111!.·, tt, :.! • .ar11 I -11. tlw :\lt\1 111·1,!in~ 1•11nH·rtlfll.' 1tw ,ultal,!,· 1111 th•· --1..-o1f11 ·d
d ;1n nd inrnw,liah-1_ If ~ 1111 ,,·lt·l't ;a tr il,!l,!'1 ·r i111,! 11111d, "h i,·h ,tart .. on ,in 1·,t,,
n,, I tr il,!l,!.-r 111101lt·:- 1. :1. :and :.a. th•· .-\H\1 i, f11l h nir (11,!111·,·al "lw11 1·1111,111.111,I
h~h• :{ i-. rn,·1H•cl :11111 \\ill "ail in,l•·fini1t·b until an ,·,h·rna l lrll!L!a·r ,..
rt••·••i \l•tl lt;,t ;, ,u·q t , ... t11in uf th, fir, t :-ampl•· tlwn l1t·l,!t11:111 ;.II lrll,!l,!1•rlfll,! 11 ,11111·, im11h ltll,! th,· dud,. th, , l11d, ,-t.art, \\ 11111 th, fi1,t ,l., r.,
, ;a111pla· j .. ,11·11l11n·1l Tiu-. ,•n:,,u ri·, th .11 tlw •·111•·~ p,·riocl l,..t\11•,·n ;1II :-ampf, .... i,
••'lua l Fut trlJ!l,!,·rinl! 11111il,·, th,11 :,,lc1rt with an ,,, 1..r11.al t ri l,!I,!• r. the· .1,,1 J.. ,!,., nut -.t,ar1 until tlw 1• h•rn,al lrlJ!l!•·r j:,, rt·n ·h .. d anti th,· f1r ~1 -.:11111'1•· 1, a, ·qu 11 1·ol

Wnll"I Ille CNIIMM .,..• . - Collctn• Data

Tu \Hitt· th ,· n,mm,m•I l•~h•:- 111 tlw .\l)~I . fir!->t \Hih• to th,· HTI p:,r.alla•I ,.,,,.,
1·1antr11l rt•l.!i,t.-r tht• Jklrl Chit !->t'I rt•:,.1•t rumnwnil-. "hi,·h d,·.er h11t h l'C ·,; and
1•,·-:: th•·~·· ar,· o;u I I ,inti O:Jti ·~· Thi~ 11la,·1•:,, th,· Al)!\I Ill analnl,! 11p1 ra1111 r::d
m 111,• 'flwn \\rill' th,· fou r 1·11111na..n,t h~h•!-, :,,t:1rlml! \\Ith 1·11111m..a111l li:.t1· II. 111
th,· RTJ 1,urt B rt•l! i:-1..r Th,• AH!\1 autumati,·ally 1·11n tr11I, th,· hand:,.hal-. 1111!
line•.: fur the•:-•• tran --f..r:,, \\'h••n ~uu han• \\rith•n rumman,I li~tt· =~. ,•i1h, r d.1t .1
al'f1ui!ooiti11n :-tart:- 1mt111•tl i.e1t•I~. or tlw Alt!\I \\a it:- fur .en ,.,t .. rnal tr il!l!•·r
"r.wn it i,. n.-n•..-.ar~ ttnl~ tu r,·aal 1h1· da1 :1 frum tlw RTJ':- 1111rt ,\ rt·l,!'1,-ta•r I f .,,,11
ha,,· •·nal,11•11 in1..rrup1 .. for tlw R1T, parall1•I p11r1 . th,· ciata tra n,fa·r, 1·.111 !w
••n1in·l~ in t..rr u1,t clrt\l'fl .

150

PROGRAMMIN

TH[ ACM I CHAPT[R 11

f '11111111.tnd h) h• :1 ii- I ht• only t·omman,I h)·lt' I hal :u·I uall) ,1art ,. ,lat a ;lt'l1u isi1iuns. Tht• olht•r rumnuan,I h)·h•s ,·unfiarurt• 1h1• AH'.\I hut ,lo not i11it iah• an )
:&.-t inn h)· I ht• A lt'.\I. \' ou ,•;an I h,•r,•fort• \Hih• ,·11111111:11111 h) h •, Cl I hr11111,!h ~ al an.,
I inw Tht• s11t'l·i fit·.a1 ions I ht•) i.t•lt•,·t rt•nt:ain in 11l;u·1· 11111 ii t lw ,·,,mman,I Ii) It• 1,

r,· Hitl.-n.

Tlwr,•fon•, if )oll find ii nt•c·1•ss;1r) lo rt•sl;arl ,lat.a a,·1111isi1ion u ... i11~ tlw !'\illllt'
11.aram.-h•rs h·ltM·k s1M•t•1I. arain, t•h·. 1. ii is nul n••••t•ss:ar) lo r,·,H ilt• 1·11111111a111I
h) h•s U t hruua:h ~: r,•,Hil ina: ,·ummarul h) h • :i is suffic·i,•nt.
Ont·t• chata a1·c1uisitiun starts. th,• All'.\1 ,·ont imws runn ina: unt il ~11t•1·ifi1·all )
turn.-cl off h)· th.- inhihit hi1 . This :allo"s lh1• Alt'.\I tu ,·ontinm• 1·on,1•rl inl,!
.rn~1ln.r data whilt• .also 11ut1mttina: ,lit,!it.al clat;a thruutrh 1h1• cl itrital uulJIUI liarri,•r stri1•.

ANALOG DATA FOIIIMT
Analo.r ,I· ta is slor,•d as thrw h) h•l-l. Wlwn :a ,·11nn•r.,i11n is 1·11111111,·h'. tlw
c•on,·.-rh.•r holds a Hi-hit ,lia:ital ,·aim• r,•11r1•st•ntina: t lw anal11J! rnlt aa:,•. Th is
, ahw is \Hith•n into t ht• 1-'11-'0 huff,•r a Iona: with a si al us h) It• I hal rt•1·11ril ,
information Slll'h as th,· t•rror st.atus. analua: ,·hann,•1 :-:am11l1•1I. ,·ali tl il)· hit. anti
1lw .rain a1111lit•cl. Th,•st• ar,• ,•x11lain,,,t ht•lnw.
Tlw hia:h hy1t• of lht• Hi-hit data ,·:,Im· il-l wri11t•n inl o 1h,· FIFO li11ffl'l' fi r:-:t. Tlw
lu\\ ltyh• is writlt'n nt'XI, fullowt•d h)· tlw status h)·h•. This h: illu:-trah•1l l11•lrn,
in 1-'iiun- 11-2.

PA7

PA6

PAS

PA4

PA3

PA2

PAI

PAO

RTI PORT A

MSB

014

013

012

011

010

HIGH DATA BYTE"

o•

LOW DATA B YTE

STATUS BYTE

,...11-2
Dell Flow fNffl .._ ADM 10 .._ IITI

Tht> :\l)'.\I 1la ta output lmfft•r is c1innt1,·1t•1I to port A of tht- RTI. Th,· hh!h-ortln
hit 1,f t ht' da ta uu ljmt hufft'r is ,·onnt•c·lt•d to hi t PAi. and tht> lo\\ -11rtl1•r hit of
t ht• out put hufft•r i~ l'un m••·tt'd to hit PAO.

151

CHAP l (R 11 j PROGRAMP.1 1Nr. THE ADM

Coding Format

Tahl.- 11 -~ illu: t raft's t }w t·rnlin)! format for com·t•rted analo)! values.

Tlw t·otlin)! formal i: :ts t·umplt•mcnt.
Table 11·1
Codmg Fonut

Oif,_,.,,,;a, Input Voll. . .

Word~

Pos1ti e Full Scale (or o \:rrange)

077771 8)

Posit, e Fult Scale · 1 LSB

077776(8)

Zero volts + 1 LSB

000001(8)

Zero volt ~

000000( 8)

Z~ro volts - 1 LSB

177777(8)

Negative Full Scale -+ 1 LSB

100001(8)

Negative Full Scale (or underrange)

100000( 8)

Table 11-H summarizes the bits in tht' status hyte.

152

PR OGRAMMt'-IG TH[ ADV

CHAPT[R I

..... .,.

-.... ...
7

llfflUIIJ

An error ~as dc-tc-t r d ,t,pc ,c; ,nd,;: t
, 0 b ,t

A t11gg ring e ent was dct I d
(or previous 1,alut - see belO.w)

u11n

6
0

543

- 000

rn ·an•nrJ

a ndl Q

I; "

Ill . ""

nn I II

.... ,,,

n 10 •

Chann I Used

001
010
011

HX>

101
11 0
111

5
6

ha n
th

Tn ADM r,r o bull r o\aS 111 <1 whc-n '
previous aluc - v• below I
These thre , n,ts pe ,t, th

5-3

!'Ii l'•I 6 1

v rrors w r dc- tt•c tc d If t>tl

7
Th

11ahd1t, t)1I :nd,
tne 1,ah1 "'a
to 1 (a h, , olla

,nd•

o\h

1-0

The d 1 ,tar ,nput b•t ass ,at ~ " ,,
ta lo~ 11olla
wa presenll
Th s

two b its 1nd1 at

lh • au,

con E•rs,on Th g ir, b •l s
._, ~· · !' . 11loran ,na "'

00
01
10
11

'"' d

di J l

ann •• .., s c; t It

•ar,•phl • •r tu, t ,
•• r, < .Jd • ,, a

,n
1
4

~6
64

~OTE: Th,• , ,.1,.1,11 h11 1, .-.. 11,.. 1o-.l r, 1,? .. rtl f,... , of v.h..1h.-r th, •li1,?1t,I '"l"l'
h:.rrwr .. ,n,, ,, l1t•mir u ...-.f for ,-,1t•rn.a l lnl!it••rtntr or nut
0

153

CHAPl(A "

I PAOGAAMMl!itG THl Al)ljl

,.,.

aM 1 ... C1r1•1111r11

iw•.

On<'t•
th 1•rr11r tu•:- m •h•• st;atu .. h~h· rt•main -.t•• un•il ant·\\ 1ria:a.!••r111 •
moil•• i, s1ee•c·ifit .. l u~ini: 1·1111,111a11,I h, t•· :; .._,.,, Ch:a1•h·r 11, Wh,·n 1111 '; j ...., ., . 1111
a. h.t~ .t 1111':&ninl,! :a..: clt•,ait11.. l h,•lo\\
Hit ti. \\ht•n c·l.-ar. in,lic·ah•s tha• ~11ur ap1,li1·a1i11n i, 111111•1111,1 ~,ni! 1h,· FIF11
t,urr.. r at
fast ••nou.rh ra •· Wh••n th .. nt·o huff,·r l1t •1·u11w, full. .,nil .,
1ht,!1t i.u.. t \ ahw ,·:rnnol , ... •·nh•r•••I rn•u th,· ... , FO t,urr,,P.... , .,111, '"' -; '" '''' '" ,.........,
anti hit ti ii. .-!••:tr tlu\\t'\t'r , ,inc·•· th•· .. , ..... l,urr.,r '"full.th,· ,tatu-. t,, It· ,·:annul
tee• ••ntt•r,.. t int11 •h••
hurr,•r un•il .,,111r ap11IIC'at11,11 ha, 1•n1p1 1,·d .,t l.•.,-.t
• hr,,., h~ h•:- l unt• :-:un11lt'I Th•· •·on, ,•rh"l ,l:,t · , lu,• 1s t h,·11 1•11t n•tl .dona: " th
•he• ,. :a• us h~ h• in,lir,1• 1n1t • h,• ,•rrur 1·1111,l:• ion \'11ur aa,pl u·at 111n. h.,,, ,., ,·r. , ii I
no• rt"t"t'h ,. • hi~ hp,• un• ii • h.. I:! 1lai .a -.a 1111,t.. , 11r1•, 11111-.I ~ 1•11t..r1•el .,n · rd rie •\l•ol
This t'rror 1·,in,lition i. :rn intli1·:1t111n that ~our ap19lu·a t i1111 n..,,.t .. t,, l1t· 111111
mi1.,•1I tu r1·•rit•H· ,ta•:• ra-.h·r from the•
hufrn

n••o

•·u·u

Wh .. n s.•t. 111• ti inclic·ah• .. • ha• ;an• 1r11n1•11u, I ni.:l!••r ini: ,.. 1•nt ·., a-- ,l,·t•·• 1t·cl Th i..
1·11111,1 tee• ,tut• •u the• fat·t 1ha• th,· ,·1111·1-. fr1•111wnc·~ ~nu h.a, ,· d111-.,•n , ... t•M • f.i,t .
ancl a do•·" •i•·" unurr,•cl "hilt• a ,ult.at,!•· \\a-. l1t•mi: c·11nH·rt,·d ll11\\1•u•r. 11 111.,,
:ali-4• t... 1h11' t ht' f· •·• • h:at ~ our aa,1,lic·at ion is nu• rt·t r i,,, 11\t,! ,l:at a f., .. t ,·nu l!h
frum •h•· f,'ffO hurrc•r. a, "h••n hit ti 1, d,•ar Wh,·n th,• t'IFU l,uff,·r (ir,t ri1 1..
up and a ,la•a ,a11111lt' c·annot lie• ,•nh•n•,t im nwdiatt•l~ int11 th.- FIFC I t.urr..r. hit
'; hc't·om••-. s.•• an,I hit ti i~ rl,•ar If •h•· ,la•a sam1,l1· ,·annul IN· 1•ntn1•el rnt11 th,·
.-1Fu l,uff,•r 1111i1·1'.I) .. nuu~h :rn,I anuth••r •rit,!t,!1·r1nl,.! ,,, .,nt •NTur .. 1d,wl-. or
,·,tt•rni.lt, hit ti ts st•t and \\Ill lie• "ritt,·n in•u th,• FIFO huff,•r a, ,,•t . \\h1•n
•h.,,., is room in th•· Flfo'O hufr..r Th .. d,ata ~ampl1· that -.h11ulil ha,,· t .. ,,,n
•'•~iti,.... I ti) th•· trtt,!t,!t•r1nJ! ,. ,·nt a-. !11-.1 In thi, ,n,tann·. alrh11ul!h li1t ,; , ....,., .
tht• n ·al 1,rohlt'm ti. •hat ~ou r appli,·ati11n ,.. n111 r..trw\lnL! d.,ta fa,t 1·no11.rh
fr11m th,·
I hufft'r

.-wt

:--inc·1• •h .. ,tatu, hi• irulirn•rna: th,• F•Fo tiufrn •~ full c·annot 11♦ • 111.,d •d 1n1,, th,·
FIFO huffn until )IIU h:n.-.-mp•u.. t at l1•a,• •hr...- h~tt•... ~11ur :appl11·,,1 111n "" I
not (ind out imm,•,lia• .. t. that ,onw dat;a ha..: h.... n lu,t You '"II not l1t• .,hit· tn
••••• .. rmin .. ho" muc·h tlata has h1•1•n 1,,..1, nor it, alu .. •n th 1, ,·a .... ·. ,1111 -.h,,uld
11r11hahl) c·11ns11lt•r all t llt' tlat a .-ftt·r th .. ..rrur 1·11ncli• 111n a, ,·orrupt . t h11 uL!h th 1,
ju•lt,!nwnt i-. a1111lic·:1•111n .. , ...,·,ii,· Y11u mu t dt·h•rmrn,· that •h .. tlat:t tr an .. 1r11 .. .
sion h.ot"t'l'n th .. hoo:-1 .. n, ' \J)~I , ... fast e>nout,!h to pr.. , .. nt lu,t tlata

15'

TAL OUTPUT
Writ int! tht• kTI'!, l'1'i St-I to I an,I N'";' 1'1,·:ir 1,lac•.--. the· .-\IJ\I in ti,,· ,1 11,!11.al
11111pul n111tl•• In th i, m111k-. an~ ,lata :-1·nt from th., J<TI, r .. 11,!h Jt"r' I: 1,, th•·
.\ 11\1 i, tr, ilh•cl a:- 1li~it al 11uq,11t dc1t a ,tnel , .. I· tc·h••cl ,tir.-.-1 I:, rnt" 1 1,· d:~11..I
1,
uul )'Ut huff..r Th•• t,its in the- ditital uut11t1t l~rri.-r .;tri1, ar.- latc h,•cl \\ 111
,lat., anel 110 not 1·hana,tt• unt il th.. n,·xt ,lata t,~,., is r..r .. i\t'1I frum th t:TI If th,·
.\I t\1 j .. t.1l..1•n out u( 1h1· d1iit.tl 11ut1,ut mu,I... th.- •fo!'ital i,11t11ut t,arrwr ,lrlJ•
r1•t11ain .. lc11t·h ..,I anurel ina,t to th.. la. t clata h~ 1.- . nt to it Yuu 1·an r1•h1rn , ht·
cl il!it ,ti out put harri.. r :t r1p to th .. t hn·•·· , a lt> hiach-imJlt'cl;tnn• o•Jt JIU! 1,-. 11 .. 1n~
hit :; o( t·omm.an,1 hyt.- ~-

\\' h1•n llf'ti i!, s1•t tun · nd V.'7 i:- ~, to 1. J1ort R 1lata 1·11111111~ from ttw l!TI
"h1·n 1•n; an,I
j .. int •· r19r,•h•1I a, c·;,liliration 1la:a r,,r th ....rr...,t \f•rnwr I l .\f'
l'C'7 art' 1111th se•t tu 1. 1,urt R 11.,ta t·ominl,! fr11n1 1h.. Tl i, intn11r.. 1nl ....
1·;.l1l1ra1ion data (ur th,· amin \t>rni.-r It:\(' c';.,li hration j .. ,I ·,..r1l...-,t 1n l 'haJt·
In I:!.

111

y LIFT II.MK

xxxxxxxxxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•••xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx•x~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•xx•x••••••••xxxx•••
•••x•xxxxx•••••x••••xxxxxxxxx••••x•••xxx•••x•xx
x•••••••••xxx••x•••••••••••xxxxxx••••••••••x•
xxx•xx•xxx•x•••••xxx•••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••x••••
xxx•••••••••••••••
xx•••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••••••••x
xx•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxx••••••••••••••••• ~•••••••••••
xx••••••x••••••••••••••••••••••••
xx••••••••••••••x••••••••••••••
xx•x••••••••••••••••••••••••x
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••
•••••••••••••••••••.....
..................
x•
•••••••••••••••••••
x•x•••x••••••••xxx•
••••••••••••x•x•x
•••••••••••••••
x•••••••xxxx•
•••••••••••
•••••••••

····••x
x••••

•••
X

. XXX

xxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx~xx
xxxxx~xxx xxxx xx xxxx~x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~xx xx xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx
kXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX X
XXX l!XXXX X
XXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx~xxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYXXXXMXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX X

xxxxx ~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx•xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

12
Calibration

1 p

Chapt

a:a, . . . . . ce:vs
t o \"t•rni r OAf':4 cdilrital-to-an lo-.: ,·on\·l'~ttor. 1 to allow
Tht- AOM pn)\·i
(int" t'alihr tion o( th• orf t and pin m• urement.
Th ADM 1hould t.. allowed to \\•arm up for approximately twf'nty minutt'
lw(o"' t"alibratin« it. Should th• tf'mpt'ratuN' o( your appliution .. n\"ironml'nt
t•han_. by a ,rradi.nt of moN' than 2°r d•arin1r fift@'t"n minut•.. th4" AOM may
nl'f'tt N'C' libration.

OIIWPC C

Tht' followi,,tr :;t•p& 11hould h. used to ,·alibratA> the ADM for offs.-t .

Platt th• ADM in anal09r optorational modt' hy writinar PCti and Pf'7

dt' r.
2.

Confi,eure th• ADIi for calibration hy v.rit inar tht> foll winer
l'ommand byt• :
Command byt. 0: 00000000 000 181
Command hyt• 1: 00100001 101 HH
Command hyt• 2: 10010000 ~ 181
Comm nd b ·te 3: 11001000 310 IHI

Thi. c-onfi):un-. tlM- All. for,. lihration thit .a in ,·11mm:1n,t hyt 2
. t I h~ (...-dinar tht' IH"lfath·.. (ull-!Waw ,..,.. r .. nn- rnltat(t' into rha nrwl
1 · nrl I h.. 1w1!-iit" .. full- aw ,..f.. n-ntt mlt
i11to rh· ntwl 2 T
n-,r· th·.. full -!o«'ale• r .. r.. n-ne·.. i u!Wft tn .-.lihr· lt' for ofr t. Th..
1•1sith .. full st·al.. r .. r.. r .. nc-.. ~ ill tw u~ to c·alihr· , .. for ,r· in.

Tht' A It. ht,rins ronn•rt in.r t ht' volt
tran:-mittiner the• clata to th4- RTI.

prt•: nt on c·h.-nn,·1 I · nrl

.a . : t Pf); too · nd l"C':' to 1 to pla.... th.. RTI in th.. off t c·alihr· tion
moM.

\ 'our c·a lihration rout in.. . hould vro,·i am .. · n · or · , .. r· in,c th
r.-turnNI ,. hw. as tht"~ an- rt-c't'in'ft. TIM- a,·..r~'ft ,·alu.. should hf.
c·on,1,· nid to 11 \ alut' of IIIOOflO ( · 1. ~h•p 6 · nd j ~ ill pro,·id.- a wa)
to ..-lju. t th.- r 1,•rn.-rl c·onn•rtPd ,. 11.Ws until th ..) _..,u· 11 Ht t 1.

In th.. off-wt c·alihration mod... data h~·tt'. writtt'n to port B or tht>
kTI art' writt .. n lo th._. ll. 's orr:Wt v.. rnit'r llAf'. Tht' n •rni .. r UAf'
1••"•·r. on c·ontainintc th.. ,ahw too oc·t · I tltNNNN1'Nl1 Th.. ronlt>nt s of
thi!-1 llAC ,·an tw c·hanlfl'd h~· \Hitinac a ••••• data vatu.. to 1iort B. A
c·hani•· of on.. I.SR in t ht' n •rni•r HA(' • ·ill t hanlfl' th• A() ·.
r,•t urn...-1 t'on,·,•rt.-d ,·alut'. h~· nnt'-half of an L::' . ·tt..n you • r.,
u. ante this t c·hnic1u•. )our c·alihration routint' should ·ritfl a loop
~ hirh c·onlinu.-s to dt'l rt' . tor inc·rt•aiwl th• ,·alu.. in the ,-,rst"t
n•rnil'r llAf' until th.. rf"turn ..,t valuf'. av.. rai•• IOtMWIO t)ot1.
0

)(.

Suht ra,·l on•• L..;R from tht' v.. rni.-r ltAf' rf'~is tt"r. This Iliac·.. .- t ht'
offl't•t as c·loiw to z.eoro as llClS. ihlt>.
Th,· All

is nm, c·alibratNI ror orfst>t .

I C APT£"' 12

ca.ccai1·•••
T •· f11llo in.r . ,.,.,_ :-hu 1M tw u!ot'd lo,.. lihr· It' t

.\IH

l'l ·••·.- th,, \II. in .. n· loer 01wrational
rl.-ar

for J!' i .
ritiftff I ~ · · nd

f"11nfiarur
AU. for.r.-inc·alit,r lit
c-omm· nd h) t

ril i

Thi .. .\ I 1. , .. m.ains 1·onfi.rur...t for c·ali
rittntc of 1·11 l · I h)l'"s • I. · I:!. f
' '' " ritlt•fl tu s1..-.·if'.\ that ,._.,,1,,l..:,,1 · ,.,
rhann+-1 I Th 1•• it i\f• full -. · 1.. r ( ,., "
for er 1

twJ!in .. 1·on\.-rtintc :ht- ,o ,.
s,r .- nl on ,·h·
lr;,n ~111i1t intt th,, ,fa1a 111 ,h., kTI 1,t.-all'.\, thi. :--houltl t
Ir 11 i:- not, tht· et.ain ,,.,n,.. r ll. f'
.- lo
ljt;:,,11

Th.- \J)

.' I f'I 'ti to I · n,I ,-.. •-; In 1 lo 1,lan• I

Tl i!'1 th.- ar· in ,.. lit'lt' tion

"'
\'our 1·alit.n1 ihf! rout ,n., .. houltt

Jtf't,\ i,
a m.. · n:,,1 u( · H•r· in.r t
rt•turn..,I ,al .. · .. th ..'.\ · ,., ,.,,... h ... l Th.- aH•r:,.rnt \ iuo- :-houlrl t...>
r1111111;1:-.-,i lo a , ahw .,f ,,-;-;-;-;♦) ti,. 1 .'tf'Jf!- ti :..ml -;. ill Jtf'm "I.. .a ,, " ~
tu a4IJ u-.1 I ht, r.-11,rn.-,i n,n\t•rt ..d \ alu.. s uni ii I hf''.\ w1u.al 1r;-;-;";ti I 1

In th.. .rain ralat.r· I 10n nttNk' , dal a h. It':- riu .. n tu port B of I h kTI
· ,., • ·r,11 .. n to th Al•. ·. ar.. :" \t'rni.. , H. ,. Th.. ,.,,n,.,, ll.\f.
JN• .., . , n ,·ontainina,t ,h., ,aha
•1t·t .. l Tht- c·11n1 .. nt . of th i, 11\f '
c·an tw ,·h.&
h)· "'rit inJ! a n.-• data \ · I lo 111,rt R A ,·h.rn.c 11(
'"" I..'& ,nth.- \'nn i.. :- J). c· •ill ,·h· n,., th .\U. ·. , ..turn I
c·onH•rt ...l , · I .- b) oftf' I..' lh•f' .,,, unli" .. the• 11((: t \ t"rn , r
f)Af'. ,n,.,... :i
t
,.. I ., in th., ec.a1n vf'rni .. , H.\f' 11.-<'r a :-- t .,
r~•lurrw,I ,littifrz..d \.&ltW llt·<·r.. a: in,c th.- era1n \ nn i.-r I) \f ' \a lu
inc·r"a...,._ th rt'lurn...t die,ci11zrd ,ahw \" ,ur ,·alitiral ion rout in..
. houlrl • ·rilt' · loop •hit·h 1·on1inu4'!- to dN·r.,.& w r in,·r ... a. 1 th
,ah.win ,h., ara1n ,.,r.nsn ()A(' unt il the rt'turn.-il \al u .. ,n n ·
Uiiii6 I I.

:J••

Th AB.

i~ no

,·alihrat.-J for iain

YII FTI LM K

x••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••x•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxxxxx•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
.........,.........................
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
•••
X

•••
••••x
xxxxxxx

•••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
xxxxxxxxxxx••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

XXX.XXX•X•XXX•xx•xxx••••x•XXXXX.AXX

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
···············~·····················
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••xxxx••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
xxxxx••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
····~··············································

Appendix A

Appendix A
Performance and Electrical Specifications
ILIC!WICAI. ■ IC F C..W

-C .......... ■■--1111

ms:•
Th• followin• an loe ~i(i tion
umt' a . tabl• opt>ratiner tt'mpt>raturt>
ttnvironmttnt. ,\ . ubl operatin• tem~ratur.- i:4 de(inttd a no mor.- than a :t'f'
l·h· nae in exh u t air ovttr a 15 minut s,.riod.
A/OCOIIYU!&l♦iiW,

P 5 , ..... _. ....

Fu1I St- I• Ra,_. I FSR1:

JU \"cir

Bipol r Input
Rt>Mlution:

16 Bit s

1 Bin· ry weiarhted, 1 part in 65536 o( FSR; I L

·e

Ab~lute Zero Error:
Ah!tolute Sealin91 Error:

"01~·~ ~·~·R

~onotifit~ I no mil4 in• codett

1-1 Bits

,:c

15.:i ppm of ~'SR ,

O.IIJOti' ; FSR

.ru rant.-..d1·
So morf' th n :J mi

in.r cod• at: '•· •~. 1 , F.'R

APPENDIX A I PlAf~MA~E ANO ELECTRICAL SP£ClflCATIONS

I •iffrn•ntial Nonlin~arity ·
Rt-lat in• A, rnra('Y t-:rror:
Tl•m1_wratur~ Cttt•rri('it-nts:
I )ifft-rt•ntial lint> rity:
Bi1,olar orr t:
t;ain:
Noi
(ha!Wd on Gaussian di!'tribution ,:

:t 0.07 l...~Br

R tS: 1 LSB
P~AK : !l L~·B

Total Con\·er ion Tim_. ( m ximum ,:
Prut,!ram wtl ~aim~ 01, 01:

:!f N, IA

Pr~ram
I iains 16, 64:
A utoraut,!ini: ,•nahlt"tl Cany iain ):

100 ,,.

External ·1 art A1wrture Bela~·:

14N, IA •

17;, ns tn,

aoo n~ max
INPUT

EXEIICNcll .
On Chanrwl LtaakaJ(e Current:

rn nA

orr ln1•ut I..Nakat:t> Current:

± 2 nA

Input Capacitam·e (ea('h lint- to ,troundt
OFF chann.-1:
ON channel:

2:, pF

Continuous Owrrnlta~e Protection:
Po 1er ON:
Po ·er OFF:

± 2-1 V

70 ....,

± w \'

,MAIIPLIFIEII

Selectable Gains:
Gain Accuracy:
G= 1
G= 4
G = 16

G = 64

111

(•

± o.fl-11.~-mr f'
~ OJ•~i LSH/ C

0.020',
O.O:l5',
0.050',1

o.m~or;;

f '11mmon -n11wl•• R•·J1·1·1ion Rat iu , mint·

7111H

ln.,111 l111p,•1lanc-..

1 II lllt ' l,!oh Ill ..

~\,II Sc·al•· lntn1·han1ll'I :-.,•11lrna! fi:rrur·

.....,

,h11 .\ n III Tat.I,· \ . J

Aut11ran~in~ Sc·al•· !'\\\ i1c-h Point s

.......

....... ec.. ...........

·O

~•nt:: Th•·~· r ,1111,!t - .. , . t · I"' I

. , · · · ·-

Th,·, ... ,,1,1 ,j , ' .. , •. •11• , •.. " .

..,

fu ll Y"J lt•

CODING ,OMMT
The• c·uilina! format 1- :!' .. 1·1111111l1·1111· nt

Positiw Full S«·alt• · I LSH
Znu \Ult,. • 1 L!'\R

1n111n1," ,
tllNNNlllt"'

~••amt in• Full Sc·alt• • 1 LSR

I11111111) I

IO(ICNNlt

117

AWl Oi l A ,

_...

l A O HECTRICAL PEClflCAT

\lmimum ,11h1'6f•• 1.. wl to M'I u lcitt1t· J·

I ti \·,t.-

~la, i111um \Cllla1itc· le•H·l tu re•M•t lo.ric· II

11 ~ , ·,,,.

\l:l\imum ,11ha.r1• ran.,.-

• 1:-1 \"ulh

\l ini mum h., ..i1t•r1•,i , 1 S11is1• ~lar1itin 1

:-,o 111\'

. i111mum 11111111 imJ11'tl1tn('t

~lm imum trii:~••r l'ul-..· Width

:.•uu ns

T, 1i:.r,·r 1•111:mt~

:! ,.. \ ,It-

@ l ."1 Ill\

\I.,, 111 11 1111 11111 l'UI \ 1111 att•• fur ., 1111,?it· U
,,11~ n1rr1•nt

II .",Cl \ ',le·

@ :!I Ill .\

NOIT,oRT

, -Bit ln1111t to .\lt~I from RTII un
\\ ith :!-\\I r,• han,1,tm~ ini,t nn

Pllt t l'H7
l'C'l . PC':!

:!-B11 ln11ut tu .\lt~I from RTI 11n

l'C 'ti. l'C'';'

\\ 11 hout h.,n,h,hakin.r

,.n,1Out11ut from AIIM tu RTI 011:
" it h :!-,, ire• h:111,lsh.akin.r on

P.\11 - I':\-;
PC'I, Pf';,

Mini mum ,11ltnt,?•· 1,,,,,1 to iwt a l111[ic- 1

:!.O \ ',lt-

~1:t, im um ,11l111ac1• l,•,·1•1 111 rt•st•t lcll[if O·

11.

\ "clc·

RFORMA"ICl AND ELECTRICAL

CIFICATl()t,jS I APP£NOIII A

t-:i11h1 : •l,it·lahl,• fo'r,-c1,wn,·y sourt't'. :

~,ti kllz
H-1 Ub
rn k•tz
.a kllz
I kill
2!'10 lb.
tt?J1 I Ii
~a.ti:?~, lb

llh·i. ion f'ounh•r Si..-:

I'\ hits

Minimum Tinll' lnt.-r,·al:

11,.

~n,imum Tim,• lnh•r,·al:

hi.:lt s,•,·otuls

\111,imum ,•rror in 11r11~r11mn1t'll Halu,• with
inh•rrnl st•hit·t.-.1 h1•t\\1•1•n ~--• 11s an,I 16.:12
s-•,·ond. ·

! 0. · ';

,ow■•"""-'
.\(' ln1•ut Ranl(t's·
!Ml tu J:IO \ ";u· 1@ :I ;\ I
•~• to ~'liO \ "m· 1@ I ~, .\ 1

170

••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••K••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••
•••x•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••

•••••••
•••••
••••

•
•••
•••••
•••••••
•••••••••
•••••••••••
•••••••••••••
xx••X XXXX XXXXKX
•••••••••••••••••
•x<••••••••••••••••
xxxx<•••••••••••••••x
····•~<••··············
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••~••••~••••••••••••••x••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••• ••••• ••xxx••••Y•x•x•XXXX
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••
···
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
···················(················
·······
•••••••••
·······················(·W··········
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••x••••••••••••••••••••••••••x xxxxxxxx

••••x••••••••••xxxxxxxxxxxx~xxxxx•xxx xxxxxxx•x•xx
•••~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx•••••••xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx• xx

Append ix B

1t 2

Appendix B

Th.- tim• lint' on the> rw t I
illu tr t.-. the iW'IIUttnt..- of t1n•nt . takttn hy th•·
AD. in difr.-nont trillll"r mo,k-11. Soll' th t in II ra . • thtt -i.-c1u.-nt'l" 11( t'\'t"nt s
1. 11ttu II~·: t•h nawl
1ui. it ion. autor nain1, uto-i..roin1t, nd c·on, .. rsiun
•to,-,·.-,·.-r. tht- tri rin1t t'\'l'ftli' c1t'C'Ur t clifrttn-nt plac't'i1 1n thi:4 lWtjut•nt't" a.
,ho,-,•n tw,low. Addition I inform tion on how thta diffttN"nt . 1ut1n,-... of""""' ·
m y afffft ~-our cl t• i found in th• :Wt·tion ►:ffl't'tin• i\1wrtur.- (lf,lay - Som.f ·aution. in f'haptt>r !t

173

· c or ~ . .. 1

UnCJl• s

<! Z> CV><CA> AR>

n-1

t-1

CA>< A

· -,

plea:

,Al><CV><CA><Aa>
CT .. ,

T-l~cs

<Al><CV><CA><AR>
CT- I

<Al> CV><CA <AR

ct-I

ct-I

•nd writ• clocked sweeps:

~ c.:s

<CA>\AR <AZ><CVO> •••

ct .. 1

, CA ><AR><AZ ><CVO• ••• <CA><AR <AZ><CVl>

n .. ,

<CA><AR><AZ)<CVO> •••

n-1

------- ------- ------- ------- ----TI ME
Key

l'hanrwl m·caui:ition awriod

Alt = Autorant(int( and amplifit•r ~ •ttlinJC 1wriod
AZ

= Com·t•rsion to lli~i t al 1wri0tl

174

Autn-7.C' roini iwriml and ·iJCnal t·a1,ture (lwld ~
Clock ·tart :.rnrhronizat ion point

"lurk triJCJCt-'r IJ()int

1-~T

E.· tt•rnal trit.et,!t'r point

DID
~
1.6

150mm

IBL·
0G A

CES CO PO ATION

ROAD

PO B
E

,c;