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Document:	VAX/VMS Exchange Utility Reference Manual
Order Number:	AA-Z416B-TE
Revision:	000
Pages:	60
Original Filename:	aa-z416b-te.pdf

OCR Text

VAX/VMS
Exchange Utility
Reference Manual
Order No. AA-Z416B-TE

softvvare

VAX/VMS
Exchange Utility
Reference Manual
Order Number: AA-Z416B-TE

July 1985
This document describes the functions of the Exchange Utility program for
use on VAX processors.

Revision/Update Information:
i

{

This document supersedes the
VAX/VMS Exchange Utility Reference

Manual Version 4.0.

Software Version:

digital equipment corporation

maynard, massachusetts

VAX/VMS Version 4.2

July 1985

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.

The postpaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document
requests the user’s critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

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1AS
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(

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This document was prepared using an in-house documentation production system. All
page composition and make-up was performed by TeX, the typesetting system developed

by Donald E. Knuth at Stanford University. TgX is a registered trademark of the American

{

Mathematical Society.

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EXCHANGE Contents
PREFACE

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL CHANGES

vii

FORMAT

EXCH-1

COMMAND SUMMARY

EXCH-2

DESCRIPTION

EXCH-4

THE EXCHANGE ENVIRONMENT

EXCH-4

1.1

The EXCHANGE Media

EXCH-4

1.2

The EXCHANGE Command String

EXCH-5

1.3

The /[NOJMESSAGE Qualifier

EXCH-6

VOLUME FORMAT SPECIFICATION

EXCH-6

Files—11 Volume Format

EXCH-7

2.1.1

Files—11 Device Specifications

EXCH-7

212

Files—11 File Specifications

EXCH-7

RT-11 Volume Format

EXCH-7

2.2.1

RT-11 Device Specifications

EXCH-7

222

RT-11 File Specifications

EXCH-8

DOS-11 Volume Format

EXCH-8

2:3.1

DOS~11 Device Specifications

EXCH-8

23.2

DOS-11 File Specifications

EXCH-8

Volume Format Defaults

EXCH-9

RECORD FORMAT AND ATTRIBUTE

SPECIFICATION

3.1

EXCH-9

Record Format Options

EXCH-10

3.1.1

The BINARY Option

EXCH-10

3.1.2

The FIXED Option

EXCH-11

EXCHANGE Contents

3.1.3

The STREAM Option

EXCH-11

3.1.4

The VARIABLE Option

EXCH-11

3.1.5

The PAD Option

EXCH-12

3.2

Record Format Defaults

EXCH-12

3.3

Carriage Control Options

EXCH-13

VIRTUAL DEVICES

EXCH-14

COMMANDS

EXCH-15

COPY

EXCH-16

DELETE

EXCH-24

DIRECTORY

List names of files on volume

DISMOUNT

Dismount a volume

EXIT

Return to the DCL command level

HELP

Obtain help on EXCHANGE commands and features

INITIALIZE

Create an empty volume

MOUNT

RENAME

Mount a volume on a device (foreign only)
Rename files on block-addressable volumes

SHOW

Show volumes known to EXCHANGE

TYPE

Display files on the default output device

You use a specific format and set of qualifiers for each of the commands; refer
to the Command Section for descriptions of these commands and qualifiers.

EXCH-5

EXCHANGE
Description

1.3

The /[NOJMESSAGE Qualifier
You can use the EXCHANGE command line qualifier /[NOJMESSAGE to

control whether or not EXCHANGE displays messages related to MOUNT,

DISMOUNT, and INITIALIZE commands. The default is /MESSAGE, which
remains in effect throughout the EXCHANGE session unless you explicitly
change it. You can change the default by specifying /NOMESSAGE as

follows:

$ EXCHANGE/NOMESSAGE
EXCHANGE>

The EXCHANGE commands DISMOUNT, INITIALIZE, and MOUNT also

support the /[NOJMESSAGE qualifier. You can use either /MESSAGE or
/NOMESSAGE with any of these commands to reverse the default that was
set by the EXCHANGE command line,

Volume Format Specification
The Exchange Utility allows you to define the physical format of the

volumes to be processed. You specify the volume format by using the

/VOLUME_FORMAT=option qualifier. If you do not define a volume format,
EXCHANGE uses defaults (Section 2.4 discusses the volume format defaults).
The /VOLUME_FORMAT=option qualifier determines which operations are
allowed on the volume, and the option you specify often implies certain

defaults. In addition, the volume format qualifier determines the format of
the file name and directory specifications.

Table EXCH-2 summarizes the volume format.
Table EXCH-2

Volume Format Options

Option

Function

FILES11

Identifies a Files—11 formatted native volume

RT11

Identifies an RT—11 formatted block-addressable volume

DOS11

Identifies a DOS —11 formatted magnetic tape volume

To use the volume format qualifiers, you must attach them to one or both

of the file specification parameters; you cannot attach them directly to the

command.

You can specify multiple volumes of different volume types, as in the

following example:

EXCHANGE>

COPY DMA1:+.FOR/VOLUME=
[11,132)
RT11,M
+ .FOR/VOLUME
TAO:
=DOS11

The following sections describe the volume format options and how
EXCHANGE uses the various device and file specifications.

EXCH-6

EXCHANGE
Description

2.1

Files—11 Volume Format
Files-11 is the disk volume format maintained by VAX/VMS. Although
VAX/VMS fully supports the volume formats of ANSI magnetic tape and
Files-11 Structure Levels 1 and 2, the Exchange Utility uses VAX Record
Management Services (RMS) for operations on these file structures.

You specify a Files-11 volume, or a file on a Files-11 volume, by using the

standard form of VAX/VMS file specification as described in the VAX/VMS

DCL Dictionary. The following two sections provide additional information on
the use of EXCHANGE with Files-11 volumes and files.

211

Files—11 Device Specifications

Files-11 disk volumes must not be mounted with the /FOREIGN qualifier;
the /FOREIGN qualifier applies only to volumes that are not structured in the
standard VAX/VMS format.

Use the FILES11 option when referencing any VAX/VMS device, even though
the Files-11 structure specifically refers to directory-structured devices such
as disks, diskettes, and DECtapes. This usage is consistent with VAX RMS,
which allows unit-record devices (such as terminals) and magnetic tapes to be
accessed in a device-independent manner.

If you specify FILES11 when referencing a magnetic tape device, an ANSIformatted magnetic tape device is implied. The tape must have been mounted
as an ANSI volume. For more information on mounting tape devices, see the
description of the Mount Utility in the VAX/VMS Utilities Reference Volume.
21.2

Files—11 File Specifications

There are no restrictions on the use of logical names in Files-11 file
specifications. If you omit device or directory specifications from a Files-11
specification, EXCHANGE uses the current defaults that are in effect for your
process.

You can use wildcard characters for both input and output file specifications.
You should not, however, specify version numbers as wildcards on foreign
volumes that do not support version numbers (such as RT-11 or DOS-11
volumes).

EXCHANGE allows you to use output file specifications. If you use

wildcards in any field of the output file specification, EXCHANGE takes
the corresponding name from the input file.

2.2

RT-11 Volume Format
The RT11 option allows you to read and write block-addressable volumes in

the format used by DIGITAL's RT-11 operating system. EXCHANGE permits

you to use devices other than those that are supported by RT-11.

The following two sections describe how you can use the Exchange Utility to

specify RT-11 volumes and files.

221

RT-11 Device Specifications

The device name you specify for the RT-11 volume can be either a standard
VAX/VMS device name in the form ddcu: or a logical name that translates
to a VAX/VMS device name. This device must have been mounted with the
/FOREIGN qualifier.

EXCH-7

EXCHANGE
Description

222

RT-11 File Specifications

You can specify an RT-11 file name that consists of any uppercase letters
from A through Z and any digits from 0 through 9 (RADIX-50 characters).
The file name field for RT-11 is six characters; the file type field is three
characters. The RT-11 file specification has no directory field, since RT-11
volumes do not have user directories.
If you copy a file with a name that is not valid under RT-11 to an RT-11

volume, the RT-11 file name is produced from the first six valid characters of
the name. The RT-11 file type is extracted from the first three valid characters
of the input file type (for input names that are similar to Files-11 names).
Lowercase letters are converted to uppercase before EXCHANGE checks for a
valid file name. For example:

EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG ~ SYS_CREATE_PROCESS.MACRO_32

DMAO:/VOLUME=RT11

'EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, DEVD$: [SYS.SRC]SYS_CREATE_PROCESS.MACRO_32;
34
copied to DMAO:SYSCRE.MAC, 937 records

EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG

MTAO:"ANSI (A) TAPENAME"

DMAO:/VOLUME=RT11

EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, MTAO: [J"ANSI (A) TAPENAME®.;1
copied to DMAO:ANSIAT.,

321 records

The Exchange Utility allows you to rename a file on a copy operation;

therefore, you can supply any desired file name for the output file.

2.3

DOS-11 Volume Format
You use the DOS11 option with the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier to specify

that a magnetic tape is in the format defined by DIGITAL's early PDP-11
Disk Operating System, DOS-11.

The following two sections describe how you can specify DOS-11 devices

and files using the Exchange Utility.

231

DOS-11 Device Specifications
You can use the DOS-11 format only on magnetic tape devices. Therefore,
a VAX/VMS device specification for a 9-track magnetic tape drive must be

present in order for you to specify the DOS11 option.

232

DOS-11 File Specifications
DOS-11 volumes accept directories only in the user identification code (UIC)

format, for example [310,22]. The two numbers are octal and must be in

the range 0 through 377. When you specify the directory in an input file
specification, either number or both may be indicated by a wildcard character.

The EXCHANGE command DIRECTORY/OWNER uses a default directory of

[**], so that all the files on the tape will be listed regardless of the DOS-11
directory. For all other commands, EXCHANGE uses your current default

directory, as long as it is in UIC format; otherwise, your process UIC becomes
a directory. If a file that appears in an EXCHANGE DIRECTORY command is

not found by another EXCHANGE command, enter the command again and

specify the same directory that was displayed for the file in the DIRECTORY

/OWNER command.

The DOS-11 character set for file names is the same as for RT-11: the
uppercase letters from A through Z and the digits 0 through 9. The DOS-11
file name field is nine characters long; the file type field is three characters.

EXCH-8

EXCHANGE
Description

If you copy a file with a name that is invalid under DOS-11 to a DOS-11

magnetic tape, the file name on the magnetic tape is formed from the first
nine valid characters of the input file name. The DOS-11 file type is extracted
from the first three valid characters of the input file type (for input names that

are similar to Files-11 names). Lowercase letters are converted to uppercase
before EXCHANGE checks for a valid file name. For example:
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG SYS_CREATE_PROCESS.MACRO_32 MFAO:/VOLUME=DOS11
XEXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, DEVDS$: [SYS.SRC] SYS_CREATE_PROCESS.MACRO_32;34
copied to MFAO:SYSCREATE.MAC, 937 records

EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG MTAO:"ANSI (A) TAPENAME" MFAO:/VOLUME=DOS11
XEXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, MTAO: [J"ANSI (A) TAPENAME".;1
copied to MFAO:ANSIATAPE.,

2.4

321 records

Volume Format Defaults
If you do not use the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier, EXCHANGE uses
default volume formats.

If a volume is mounted as a native volume (without the /FOREIGN or
/NOLABEL qualifier), the default is /VOLUME_FORMAT=FILES11. This
default applies to both block-addressable and magnetic tape devices.

EXCHANGE defaults to /VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11 for block-addressable
volumes (disks, diskettes, and TU-58 DECtapes) that are mounted with the
/FOREIGN qualifier.

If the volume is a 9-track magnetic tape, mounted with the /FOREIGN
qualifier, the default is /VOLUME_FORMAT=DOS11.

If no device is given, EXCHANGE defaults to the current default device. For
example:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DMAO:
$ SET DEFAULT DMAO:

Since the DCL command SET DEFAULT assigns DMAO: as the default
device, any subsequent EXCHANGE command will default to DMAQ: for
a file reference that omits a device specification. EXCHANGE will assign

DMAQO: the default format option RT11 because the volume is mounted with
the /FOREIGN qualifier.

Record Format and Attribute Specification
EXCHANGE allows you to specify the internal record structure and related
attributes of a file. You define the record structure of a file by using the
/RECORD_FORMAT=option qualifier. In addition to the record structure
options, the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier includes options that you can
use to define other related attributes of the records. The /CARRIAGE_—
CONTROL=option qualifier allows you to define the carriage control
attributes.

The following sections describe how you can use the /RECORD_FORMAT
and /CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifiers.

EXCH-9

EXCHANGE
Description

3.1

Record Format Options
The /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier has four options that you can use to
define the internal record structure of a file. These options are BINARY,

FIXED, STREAM, and VARIABLE. In addition, there are two options that you

can use to define related file attributes: FIXED=n and PAD=x. Table EXCH-3
summarizes the record format and attribute options.

Table EXCH-3

Record Format and Attribute Options

Record Format

Function

BINARY

Identifies PDP—11 formatted binary record format

FIXED

Identifies fixed-length record format; sets fixed-length record
size

STREAM

Identifies ASCII stream record format

VARIABLE

Identifies variable-length record format

PAD

Sets the character to pad short records on fixed-length
output, valid only with the FIXED option

The four record format options are mutually exclusive; you can specify only
one of these options. Certain combinations of volume and record format and
attribute options are also invalid.
When you specify an input file, you can use the /RECORD_FORMAT
qualifier to give EXCHANGE additional information to use in reading the

file. This information is needed when a foreign file structure is not entirely
self-descriptive, or when a special interpretation of the file structure is needed.
You are not required to include input record format qualifiers on Files-11
input, since Files-11 stores file attributes that allow EXCHANGE to read the
file correctly. If a Files-11 file is not in a suitable format, you can use the
Convert Utility (CONVERT) to change the file to the desired format. For a
detailed description of CONVERT, refer to the VAX/VMS Utilities Reference
Volume.
When you specify an output file, use the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier
to specify the characteristics the file should have after it is copied. Specific
options are available with the /RECORD_FORMAT and /CARRIAGE_

CONTROL qualifiers to provide commonly needed attributes.

The following sections describe the record format and attribute options.

The BINARY Option
The BINARY record format is valid with DOS-11 or RT-11 volumes.

BINARY files (also known as formatted binary) have variable-length records
with headers and checksums added to each record.
The BINARY option is not valid for Files-11 output. On conversions from

DOS-11 or RT-11 BINARY input to Files-11 output, EXCHANGE normally
generates variable-length records. The output record size equals the input

record size.

EXCH-10

EXCHANGE
Description

3.1.2

The FIXED Option
The FIXED option directs EXCHANGE to read or write fixed-length records

only. The file contains no control information; since the records are all the
same length, they are easily located.

You can use the FIXED option to indicate the desired number of bytes in the
record. If you do not specify an explicit record length, EXCHANGE assumes
a record length of 512 bytes.
If any input records are longer than the specified length, EXCHANGE
truncates the records. If input records are shorter than the output record,

EXCHANGE extends them with the PAD character. The default PAD
character is the null character. You can specify an alternate PAD character
with the PAD option.
As an input option, FIXED is valid only for non-Files-11 FIXED transfers.

It is not valid for STREAM, VARIABLE or BINARY transfers, because these
operations determine the record length by delimiters or control bytes.
3.1.3

The STREAM Option
Stream ASCII files, also known as formatted ASCII files, consist of ASCII

data records that are terminated by carriage return/line feed (CR-LF), form
feed (FF), or vertical tab (VT) characters.
In transfers from DOS-11 or RT-11 STREAM files to Files-11 VARIABLE
files, CR-LF pairs are removed from the ends of records. In transfers from
Files-11 VARIABLE files to DOS-11 or RT-11 STREAM files, CR-LF pairs
are added to the end of each record that does not already end with LF or
FF. EXCHANGE removes all null (NUL), delete (DEL), and vertical tab
(VT) characters from input records in any of these transfers. ASCII data is
transferred as 7-bit codes. Bit 7 (sometimes used as a parity bit) of each byte
is masked before the transfer.
If the RT-11 or DOS-11 file is input or output as an ASCII text file with

fixed-length records, you should use the FIXED option rather than the
STREAM option. Note that an ASCII stream file whose records are of the
same length is not the same as a file of fixed-length records. STREAM files

have records delimited by control characters. FIXED files have no delimiters;
EXCHANGE locates FIXED file records by counting bytes.
When you perform conversions from DOS-11 or RT-11 to Files-11,
EXCHANGE normally generates variable-length records (/RECORD—
FORMAT=VARIABLE). The output record size equals the input record size.

314

The VARIABLE Option

Variable-length records are the most common type of Files-11 record format.
The file uses internal control information to separate the records, so that any
sequence of bytes (even CR-LF) can be contained in the data. By default,
EXCHANGE generates Files-11 files with VARIABLE records unless the input
file is FIXED.

EXCHANGE does not allow you to specify VARIABLE for RT-11 and
DOS-11 output.

EXCH-11

EXCHANGE
Description

3.15

The PAD Option
You use the PAD option to specify which character will be used to pad input
records that are shorter than the fixed-length output record. By default,
EXCHANGE pads with the null character (value 0).

Option

Character

PAD

NULL (00 Decimal)

PAD=c

cis ASCIl A through Z (uppercase), or O through 9

PAD="c"

c is any other ASCII character

PAD=%bx

x is @ number representing an ASCHl character
b represents the base of the number.

Values for b:
D = decimal
0 = octal

X = hexadecimal

Record Format Defaults
EXCHANGE assumes defaults for the record formats if you do not specify

an explicit /RECORD_FORMAT option. The defaults are dependent on a
number of factors and allow you to perform most transfer operations without
using the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier.
Files-11 input files use a default /RECORD_FORMAT option of FIXED,

STREAM, or VARIABLE, depending on the actual record format of the
file. If a Files-11 file is not in a suitable format, you can use the Convert

Utility (CONVERT) to change the file to the desired format. For a detailed
description of CONVERT, refer to the VAX/VMS Utilities Reference Volume.
EXCHANGE generates Files-11 output files with sequential organization
by default. If the input file is in BINARY, STREAM, or VARIABLE format,
however, the default Files-11 output record format is VARIABLE. If the input

file has FIXED format, the default output format is FIXED.
For DOS-11 and RT-11, EXCHANGE assumes default record formats for a

file based on the type field of the file name. These default record formats are
listed below.
File Type

Record Format

0OBJ, STB, BIN, LDA

BINARY

EXE, %LB, SAV, SML, SYS, TSK

FIXED=512

Al other types (input files)

STREAM

All other types (output files)

Dependent on record format of the input
file

EXCHANGE applies these defaults only for transfers between an RT-11
or DOS-11 volume and a Files-11 volume. When you perform a transfer
between an RT-11 or DOS-11 volume and another RT-11 or DOS-11
volume, the file is copied block by block; no reformatting occurs unless you
request a conversion with an explicit /RECORD_FORMAT option.

EXCH-12

3.2

EXCHANGE
Description

EXCHANGE usually applies a record format default to the input file and lets
the resulting input record format imply the output record format. However,

if any of the file types listed above is included in an output specification, it
overrides the default implied by the input record format.

The following table shows how the output record formats are implied by
various input record and volume formats. The input format can be defaulted,
read from the file (for Files-11), implied by the input-filename-type field,
or explicitly stated. Note that the default output formats are overridden by
record formats implied by output-filename-type fields.

Input
Volume

Input
Record

Output
Volume

Output

FILES-11

Fixed

FILES-11

Fixed

Record

Stream

Variable

Fixed

RT-11,D0S8-11

3.3

RT-11,008-11

Fixed

Stream

Variable

Stream

Variable

Binary

FILES-11

Variable

Fixed

Stream

Variable

Carriage Control Options
When you want to specify the carriage control attributes of a Files-11 file, you
use the /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=option qualifier. Note that this qualifier
is valid only for Files-11 output files. The carriage control options you can
choose are summarized below.

Option

CARRIAGE_RETURN

Function

Indicates that each record is to be preceded by a line

feed and followed by a carriage return when the record
is written to a carriage control device (such as a line

printer or terminal). The CARRIAGE_RETURN option is
the default /CARRIAGE_CONTROL attribute.

FORTRAN

Indicates that the first character of each record is to be

interpreted as the carriage control specifier. This option

does not alter any of the actual data. The FORTRAN

option is valid only with Files—11 output files and is
incompatible with stream output to Files—11.

NONE

If specified, no carriage control is implied for the file.

EXCHANGE assumes that each record contains the
control characters necessary for proper formatting.

EXCH-13

EXCHANGE
Description

Virtual Devices
A virtual device is an RMS file that contains an image of a foreign blockaddressable device. EXCHANGE treats a virtual device as if it were a foreign

volume.

You must use the Exchange Utility interactively if you want to manipulate
a virtual device; you cannot operate on a virtual device by entering the

EXCHANGE commands at DCL level. The reason for this restriction is that

a virtual device must be mounted before it can be accessed. EXCHANGE
executes only a single command in DCL mode, and it is not possible to both

mount and operate on the virtual device in a single command.

To create a virtual device, you use the command INITIALIZE/CREATE as

follows:

EXCHANGE>

INITIALIZE/CREATE MYPHILE

'EXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume DRA1:[TEST)MYPHILE.DSK
has been initialized

This command creates a virtual device in the directory [TEST] on DRA1:.

EXCHANGE applies the default file type of DSK.

When you use the EXCHANGE command MOUNT/VIRTUAL, you include

two parameters (as opposed to one parameter for MOUNT/FOREIGN). The

first parameter supplies the name of the virtual device; the second parameter
is the name of the RMS file that contains the device image. The virtual device
name is thereafter used as if it were a physical device. EXCHANGE uses
this virtual device name as a logical name to locate the virtual device. For

example:

EXCHANGE>

INITIALIZE/CREATE VIRTUAL

EXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume DRA2: [DISKS]VIRTUAL.DSK
has been initialized
EXCHANGE>

MOUNT/VIRTUAL DISK: VIRTUAL.DSK

UEXCHANGE-S-MOUNTVIR, the RT-11 virtual volume DISK: has been mounted
using the file DRA2: [DISKS]VIRTUAL.DSK;1

EXCHANGE>

DIRECTORY DISK:

Directory DISK:

18-MAR-1985 08:30

using DRA2: [DISKS]VIRTUAL.DSK; 1
ANSI.COM

REASSI.COM

1 16-Mar-1985

QARINV.TXT

3 16-Mar-1985

13 16-Mar-1986

SYSCRE.MAC

1 16-Mar-1985

Total of 4 files, 18 blocks.
EXCHANGE>

Free

space 4944 blocks, largest 4474.

COPY /LOG SYS$LOGIN:WORKLIST.TXT DISK:

AEXCHANGE-S-COPIED, WRKDS$: [JOYNER.LOGIN]WORKLIST.TXT;10 copied to
DISK:WORKLL.TXT, 73 records

EXCHANGE>

DISMOUNT DISK:

EXCHANGE-S-DISMOUNTED, the RT-11 volume DISK: has been dismounted

The name “DISK:” is used in the same manner as a device name. Be careful
not to assign virtual device names that are the same as any logical names you
have defined. Since EXCHANGE applies logical name translations before it

looks at the device name, you can create inaccessible virtual devices if the
virtual device name matches a logical name.

EXCH-14

EXCHANGE
Commands

COMMANDS

The syntax of each of the EXCHANGE commands is similar to that of the

corresponding DCL command. This section describes the functions and
provides examples of the EXCHANGE commands.

EXCH-15

EXCHANGE
COPY

COPY
Transfers a file or files from an input volume to an output volume.

You can use the COPY command to do any of the following:

FORMAT
command
parameters

Copy a file between a foreign volume and a native volume

Copy a file from one foreign volume to another foreign volume

Convert the format of the file during the transfer

Copy groups of files from volume to volume

Give the output file a different name from the input

COPY input-file-spec], . . . ] output-file-spec
input-file-specf, . . . ]
Specifies the names of one or more input files to be copied. If you specify
more than one input file, you can separate them with either commas or plus
signs. You can specify standard VAX/VMS wildcards in file names, both

Files-11 and foreign. COPY supports wildcard directories for Files-11 and
DOS-11 input.

The syntax for the file names depends on the particular volume format
option, present or implied. See Section 2 for descriptions of the volume

format options.

output-file-spec|, . . . ]
Specifies the name of the output file, directory or device to which the input
files are to be copied. You can give an explicit output name (that is, a rename
on a copy operation) only if the input specifies a single file. If the input

specifier specifies multiple files, the output specifier must be one of the
following:

Wildcards (*, *.* or *.%;#) specifying current default device and directory

An explicit device and/or directory for Files-11 output, such as
BB:[EXCHANGE.TMP], with or without wildcards for the file name

An explicit device for RT-11 as in DLA2:/VOLUME=RT11

An explicit device or directory for DOS-11 output, such as TAPE:
/VOLUME=DOS11 or TAPE:[11,132]/VOLUME=DOS11

The output file name(s) are constructed according to rules implied by the

input and output volume qualifiers. COPY does not concatenate multiple
input files into a single output file. Wildcard directories are not permitted.
The syntax for the output file names is dependent on the particular volume
format qualifier present or implied. See Section 2 for a description of the
volume format qualifier.

EXCH-16

EXCHANGE
COPY

You must specify at least one field in the output file specification; COPY

replaces missing fields with the corresponding field of the related input file
specification. If the input file has no corresponding field, COPY substitutes
null text fields and maximizes version numbers.

The UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current process. For DOS-11
output, EXCHANGE uses the current default directory, if it is in UIC format;
otherwise, it uses the current process UIC as a directory. You can specify an
alternate directory for DOS-11 output in the command.

command

qualifiers

/BOOT[=nn]

Copies bootstrap information from a monitor and the handler files to blocks 0
and 2 through 5 of an RT-11 volume, permitting you to use that volume as a
system volume. The COPY/BOOT operation does not create any files on the
volume; it is intended only to create bootable RT-11 systems.

The /BOOT qualifier implies /VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11 for both input and
output specifications. The output device can be omitted, as it is assumed to
be identical to the input device. You cannot combine the /BOOT qualifier
with qualifiers other than /LOG. The COPY/BOOT command requires that
both the input and output devices be the same volume or virtual device. The
file name of the desired monitor must be specified as the input specification.

RT-11 Version 1.0 through Version 3.0 monitors had the system device

handler linked into the monitor image. For Version 4.0 of RT-11, the system

device handler uses the standard device handler, and the COPY/BOOT
command must dynamically link the handler into the bootstrap area. COPY
/BOOT finds the default handler for the specific device type and merges the
handler with the monitor as it is copied to the boot area.

You can use the two-letter argument nn to override the default system device
handler. The most frequent use of this option occurs when a floppy disk is
mounted in an RX02 drive, and you want to create a floppy disk bootable

from an RX01 drive. (The floppy disk must be single density.) The default
handler for the RX02 is DY.SYS, and the handler for the RX01 is DX.SYS;
therefore, you would use the command COPY/BOOT=DX to create the
bootable RX01 system floppy disk. Do not specify /BOOT=nn for Version
3.0 and earlier systems; instead, choose the monitor file DYMNxx.SYS or
DXMNxx.SYS as the source file.

/[NOJLOG

Controls whether COPY displays the file specifications of each file copied.
If you specify /LOG, the EXCHANGE command COPY displays the

following for each copy operation:

The file specifications of the input and output files

The number of blocks or the number of records copied (depending on
whether the file is copied on a block-by-block or record-by-record basis).

The default is /NOLOG.

EXCH-17

EXCHANGE
COPY

file qualifiers

/ALLOCATION=n
Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the number of 512-byte

blocks that you specified as n. The /ALLOCATION qualifier is valid only for

Files-11 and RT-11 output files.

By default, COPY determines the initial allocation of the output file by the
size of the input file. Typically, /ALLOCATION is needed only when

You are creating a contiguous file on Files-11 (using /BEST_TRY_

CONTIGUOUS or /CONTIGUOUS) when the input file is on magnetic
tape

Additional space is desired at the end of the file

If you specify /ALLOCATION, COPY leaves the file at the allocated size

unless you also specify /TRUNCATE. You may want to specify both

/ALLOCATION and /TRUNCATE when you are unsure of the exact output
size.

/[NOJBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS

Indicates whether the Files-11 output file is to be allocated contiguously

on a “best effort” basis; that is, whether EXCHANGE will attempt to place
the file on consecutive physical disk blocks. If insufficient contiguous space

is available, the file occupies the largest available contiguous space plus

additional extents as necessary for the rest of the allocation. You can apply
this qualifier only to a Files-11 output file.
By default, the EXCHANGE command COPY never attempts to create a file

on a best-try-contiguous basis.

The /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy
files to magnetic tape volumes. When you copy a file from a magnetic
tape and you want the file to be contiguous if possible, you need to use

both the /ALLOCATION and the /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifiers.
The reason you need both of these qualifiers is that the size of the file on
magnetic tape cannot be determined until after it is copied to the disk. If

only the approximate size of the file is known, you can overestimate the size

and specify /TRUNCATE (along with /ALLOCATION and /BEST_TRY_

CONTIGUOUS) to avoid wasted space.

/CARRIAGE_CONTROL-option

Defines the carriage control attributes of a file, as well as other attributes of
the records.

Option

Function

CARRIAGE_RETURN

Implied carriage-return/line-feed control

FORTRAN

FORTRAN carriage control record attribute

NONE

No implied carriage control

See Section 3.3 for a complete description of the /CARRIAGE_CONTROL
qualifier and defaults.

EXCH-18

EXCHANGE
COPY

/[NOJCONTIGUOUS

Indicates whether the Files-11 output file is to be contiguous; that is, whether

the file must occupy consecutive physical disk blocks on the volume. The
/CONTIGUOUS qualifier is valid only for a Files-11 output file.
By default, the EXCHANGE command COPY never creates a contiguous

output file.

The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy files to magnetic

tape volumes. When you copy a file from a magnetic tape and want
the file to be contiguous, you need to use both the /ALLOCATION and
/CONTIGUOUS qualifiers because the size of the file on magnetic tape
cannot be determined until after it is copied to the disk. If you do not know
the exact size of the file, you can overestimate the size and specify the
/TRUNCATE qualifier (along with /ALLOCATION and /CONTIGUOUS) to
avoid wasted space.

/[NOJDELETE

Controls whether COPY deletes existing files of the same name during the

copy operation. This qualifier is valid for RT-11 output only.

The default is /DELETE; EXCHANGE deletes existing identically named
files after the new file is copied. A message is displayed if /LOG is also in
effect. You use /NODELETE to prevent automatic file deletion. You can
also use the /REPLACE qualifier to control file deletion, but note that the
function is somewhat different from that of /DELETE (see the description of
/REPLACE).

The /DELETE qualifier is equivalent to the RT-11 COPY command qualifier
/REPLACE.

/EXTENSION=n

Specifies the number of blocks to be added to the output file each time the
file is extended. This qualifier is valid for Files-11 output files only.
EXCHANGE determines the default extension according to the following

hierarchy:

An explicit value specified on the /EXTENSION qualifier

2 The current process default extension value that was set by the command
SET RMS_DEFAULT

3 The current system default extension value that was set at system

generation or with the SET RMS_DEFAULT/SYSTEM command

You use the /EXTENSION qualifier to set an extension quantity primarily
with magnetic tape input; EXCHANGE preallocates a file of the correct size
when the input is on a directory structured device.

/[NOJPROTECT
Determines whether protection is set for an RT-11 output file. The default is
/NOPROTECT.

This qualifier is not valid for Files-11 or DOS-11 output files. Protection
attributes for Files-11 output are taken from the current process default
protection.

EXCH-19

EXCHANGE
coPY

EXCHANGE does not attempt to transfer protection attributes from the input

file to the output file, because protection mechanisms of various operating

systems do not readily translate to one another.

The owner UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current process.

/RECORD_FORMAT-(option], . .. ])

Defines the internal record structure of a file, as well as other attributes of the
records. Table EXCH-3 summarizes the format options.

See Section 3.1 for a detailed description of the /RECORD_FORMAT

qualifier and options.

/[NOJREPLACE
Requests that if an RT-11 output file already exists with the same file
specification as that entered for the output file, the existing file is to be

deleted before the copy proceeds. COPY allocates new space for the output
file. This qualifier is valid for RT-11 output only.

(

By default on RT-11 output, COPY creates the new file and then deletes

the existing file after the copy successfully completes. When you specify

/REPLACE, COPY deletes the file before starting the transfer. You can use
this qualifier when there is insufficient room for two copies of the file.

Note that you should be careful when you use the /REPLACE qualifier with

RT-11 output. If the input file is unreadable for any reason, you could be

left with no usable version of the file; the output file will already have been

deleted.

The /REPLACE qualifier is equivalent to the RT-11 COPY command qualifier
/PREDELETE.

/[NOJREWIND
Determines whether a DOS-11 input magnetic tape reel logically rewinds to

the beginning-of-tape mark (BOT) before EXCHANGE searches for the file
name specified in the input specifier. The default is /NOREWIND.

Use this qualifier only for DOS-11 magnetic tape. You should use the
/REWIND qualifier when you want COPY to start searching for a file at
the logical beginning of the magnetic tape, rather than start searching at the

current position.

/START_BLOCK-[n]
For RT-11 volumes, specifies the logical block number where the file is to

be placed. This qualifier is especially useful with TU58 cartridges, because
performance can be significantly enhanced by careful placement of files.

/[NOJSYSTEM
Controls whether the COPY command copies files that have a file type of

SYS. Files with a file type of SYS are usually necessary for the operation of
an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS files in this manner.

The default is /NOSYSTEM; the COPY command does not copy an RT-11
file with a SYS extension, whether it is matched by a wildcard specification or

is explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message whenever it skips over a

SYS file during a copy operation.

EXCH-20

EXCHANGE
coPY

/TRANSFER_MODE

Specifies the 1/0 method to be used in a transfer. This option is useful for all
volume formats.

Option

Function

AUTO

Select BLOCK transfer for efficiency if possible

BLOCK

Transfer block by block without looking at records

RECORD

Transfer record by record

A BLOCK transfer moves data between devices. Since no interpretation is

done on the data, BLOCK transfers are more efficient than RECORD transfers.
The block sizes on both devices must be identical. Both input and output
must be in BLOCK format. Specifying BLOCK on one parameter implies
BLOCK for the other file or device specification.

A BLOCK transfer produces an exact copy of the file. If the output device is

Files-11, the file will be a sequential file with fixed-length 512-byte records.
This feature is used primarily to avoid any interpretation of the data during
the transfer. If the Files-11 file is a sequential file with 512-byte fixed-length
records, there is no difference between a /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK
transfer and a /RECORD=FIXED=512 transfer.

A RECORD transfer moves the data record by record. A RECORD transfer

requires more time than a BLOCK transfer, but it must be used if the input
and output record structures differ.

The default for EXCHANGE is to use the AUTOMATIC transfer mode.

In AUTOMATIC mode, EXCHANGE attempts to use a BLOCK transfer
whenever possible. BLOCK transfers are possible between RT-11 volumes
or between RT-11 and DOS-11 volumes, since the internal file structures
are identical. AUTOMATIC does not use the BLOCK transfer if either file

specification contains a /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier.

When the /LOG qualifier is used in a COPY command, EXCHANGE displays
the size of the file that was transferred. If BLOCK mode was used, the
message gives the file size as the number of blocks transferred. If RECORD
mode was used, the message displays the number of records.

/[NO]ITRUNCATE

Controls whether COPY truncates an output file at the end-of-file when
copying it. The default is /NOTRUNCATE; COPY uses the allocation of the
input file to determine the size of the output file.

/VOLUME_FORMAT-option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The default
format qualifier is dependent on the device type.

Volume format qualifiers must be attached to one or both of the file
specification parameters; you cannot attach them directly to the command. A
volume format qualifier determines the format of the file name and directory
specifications, and often implies certain defaults.

Table EXCH-2 summarizes the volume format options.

See Section 2 for a complete description of the /VOLUME_FORMAT

qualifier, options, and defaults.

EXCH-21

EXCHANGE
COPY

DESCRIPTION

The EXCHANGE command COPY allows you to transfer a file or files from
an input volume to an output volume.
You can create multiple output files by specifying multiple input files. When
multiple output files are created, the corresponding field from each input file

is used in the output file name.

If you do not specify a version number for Files-11 output, COPY applies a
version number as follows:

The same version number as that of the input file, if the input volume

structure supports version numbers and no file exists with the same name

and type

A version number that is one greater than the highest version number of

an existing file with the same file name and file type

Version 1 if neither of the above applies

If you use an asterisk (+) wildcard character to specify the output file version
number, COPY uses the version numbers of the associated input files (if any)

as the version numbers of the output files.

Note that ANSI-formatted magnetic tapes do not handle version numbers in
the same manner as disks. Refer to the Guide to VAX/VMS Disk and Magnetic

Tape Operations for an explanation of version numbers on tape.

EXCHANGE may need to reformat files during the copy operation. The
defaults for reformatting are dependent on the volume format qualifiers that
are attached to both the input and output file specifications, as well as the
type fields of the file specifications. See Section 3 for a description of the

/RECORD_FORMAT qualifier and record format defaults.

The EXCHANGE copy operation skips files that have a file type of BAD, as it
does by default with files that have a type of SYS (see the description of the

/INOJSYSTEM qualifier). However, EXCHANGE does not warn that BAD

files are being skipped, and the /SYSTEM qualifier has no effect on BAD
files. You can copy a BAD file by specifying the filename explicitly instead of

using wildcards.

EXAMPLES
@

EXCHANGE> COPY TEST.DAT DYAO:NEWTST.DAT/VOLUME-RT11
This command copies the contents of the file TEST.DAT from the default disk

and directory into a file named NEWTST.DAT on an RT-11 floppy diskette
(mounted on DYAQ:). If a file named NEWTST.DAT already exists, the COPY
command replaces it. The record formats are variable length on the Files-11
input and ASCII stream on the RT-11 output.

EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG TEST.DAT DYAO:NEWTST.DAT

'AEXCHANGE-8-DELETEPREV, previous copy of DYAO:NEWTST.DAT deleted

WEXCHANGE-8-COPIED, WRKDS
[FRED) TEST.DAT:6
:
copied to

DYAO:NEWTST.DAT, 93 records

This command is the same as in the preceding example, except that the /LOG

qualifier is included so that the actions of the command are displayed. The
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier is omitted; EXCHANGE defaults to

EXCH-22

—

EXCHANGE
COPY

RT-11 format for the foreign mounted floppy diskette. Since a file named

NEWTST.DAT already exists on the floppy diskette (from the command in

the previous example), the first copy of the file is deleted after the second
copy is successfully transferred.
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG

LARGE.DAT

DYAO:/VOLUME=RT11

Y%EXCHANGE-S-DELETEPREV, previous copy of _DYAO:LARGE.DAT deleted
YEXCHANGE-W-RTOUTEOF, end-of-file on output _DYAO:LARGE.DAT,
insufficient space on voluze

YEXCHANGE-1-PARTCOPIED, WRKDS: [FRED]LARGE.DAT;9 partially copied to
_DYAO:LARGE.DAT, 1670 records

EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG/REPLACE

LARGE.DAT

DYAO:/VOLUME=RT1i1

YEXCHANGE-S-DELETEPREV, previous copy of _DYAO:LARGE.DAT deleted

EXCHANGE-S-COPIED, WRKD$: [FRED]LARGE.DAT;9 copied to
_DYAO:LARGE.DAT, 3288 records

The first command in this example fails because there is insufficient space on
DYAO: for EXCHANGE to do a normal copy (that is, to copy the file into a

temporary file on DYAQ:, delete the existing file of the same name, and then

rename the temporary file).

The second command includes the /REPLACE qualifier, which directs COPY
to delete an existing version of the output file before copying the new file.
The first message generated by this command indicates that EXCHANGE has
deleted an existing file. The second message indicates that the copy operation
has successfully completed.

EXCHANGE> COPY MTAO: [11,132]+.COM/VOLUME=DOS11 [FRED.TEMP]

This command copies all files with a file type of COM owned by UIC [11,132]
to the subdirectory [FRED.TEMP}. The DOS-11 record format is STREAM by
default; the Files-11 format is VARIABLE.

EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT DYAO:RT118J.5YS DYAO:

This COPY/BOOT command makes the diskette mounted on the RX02 drive
DYAQO: a bootable RT-11 system. Bootstrap information is written to the
volume, using the RT-11 single job monitor RT11S].SYS and the system
device handler DY.SYS. The diskette can be formatted in single or double
density.

EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT=DX DYAO:RT118J.5YS DYAO:

As in the previous example, the COPY/BOOT command makes the diskette
mounted on the RX02 drive DYAO: a bootable RT-11 system. In this
example, however, the system device handler is DX.SYS, the RX01 diskette
handler. The diskette must be formatted in single density in order to boot on
the RT-11 system.

EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT CSA1:CONSOL.SYS

This command writes bootstrap information on the console storage device on
a VAX processor.

EXCHANGE> COPY DMAO:FROG.DAT/VOLUME=RT11/RECORD=STREAM _EXCHANGE> FROG4JUN .DAT/RECORD=(FIXED=80,PAD=" ")

This command copies an ASCII stream file (the default) from an RT-11
volume to the current default device and directory. The output contains
fixed-length records that are padded to 80 bytes with the space character.

EXCH-23

EXCHANGE
DELETE

DELETE
Deletes one or more files from a foreign block-addressable mass

storage volume. EXCHANGE does not delete files from Files—

11 volumes; the DELETE command is supported only on RT—11

volumes.
_ _——

FORMAT
command
parameters

DELETE

file-spec/, . .. ]

file-spec|, . . . ]
Specifies the names of one or more files to be deleted. You can specify
wildcard characters in any of the file specification fields.
You can delete more than one file by separating the file specifications with
commas or plus signs.

The DELETE command does not delete a file with a file type of SYS unless
you specify the /SYSTEM qualifier. EXCHANGE displays a message if it
passes over one or more SYS files during a delete operation.

EXCHANGE does not delete files with a type of BAD if the file specification
contains wildcards. You can delete a BAD file by explicitly specifying its

name. EXCHANGE does not warn that BAD files have not been deleted.

command
qualifiers

/[NOJLOG
Controls whether the DELETE command displays the file specification of each
deleted file.

The default is

/NOLOG.

/[NOJSYSTEM
Controls whether the DELETE command deletes files that have a file type of
SYS. These files usually are files that are necessary for the operation of an
RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS files in this manner.

The default is /NOSYSTEM; the DELETE command does not delete an
RT-11 file that has a SYS extension, whether it is matched by a wildcard
specification or is explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message
whenever it skips over a SYS file during a delete operation.

/VOLUME_FORMAT-option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. RT-11

volumes are the only volumes on which DELETE is currently supported.

Table EXCH-2 summarizes the volume format options. See Section 2 for a

complete description of the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier and the format
defaults.

EXCH-24

EXCHANGE
DELETE

EXAMPLES
EXCHANGE> DELETE DMAO: COMMON . SUM/VOLUME=RT11

This command deletes the file COMMON.SUM from the RT-11 device
DMAQO:.
EXCHANGE> DELETE DXAO:#.0LD

The command in this example attempts to delete all files with file types of
OLD from the floppy diskette.

EXCHANGE> MOUNT /VIRTUAL TEST: TEST.DSK/VOLUME=RT11
EXCHANGE> DELETE TEST:ALPHA.TXT,BETA.TXT

This command deletes the files ALPHA.TXT and BETA.TXT from the virtual
device file TEST.DSK.

EXCH-25

EXCHANGE
DIRECTORY

DIRECTORY
Provides a list of files, or information about a file or group of files.
The files must reside on a foreign volume; EXCHANGE does not list
directories of Files—11 volumes.

FORMAT
command

parameters

DIRECTORY [file-spec], . . . ]|

file-spec, . .. ]

Specifies one or more files to be listed. The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier
determines the syntax of a file specification.

To specify more than one file, separate the file specifications with either
commas or plus signs. You can use wildcard characters in the directory

specification, file name, file type, or version number fields of a file
specification to list all files that satisfy the specified components.

command

qualifiers

/INOJALL

Lists all deleted or unused files on an RT-11 volume, in addition to other

files selected by the command. For example, the following command lists all
MACRO source files, in addition to deleted and unused files:
EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY DMAO:*.MAC/ALL

/[NOJBADBLOCKS
Scans the volume to find any blocks that return read errors. The data on
the volume is not modified. If a bad block replacement table is present, the
contents of the table will be displayed. This is valid for RT-11 volumes only.

/[NO]BLOCKS
Lists the starting block number of the file. This qualifier is valid only for

directories of block-addressable devices. The first block of the device is block
number 0.
The default is

/NOBLOCKS.

/[NOJBRIEF
Includes only the file name of each file to be listed. Specifying the /BRIEF

qualifier is equivalent to specifying /NODATE/NOSIZE. The default is
/BRIEF.

/COLUMNS-n
Lists the files, using the specified number of columns on each line of the
display. This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /BRIEF qualifier

(either explicitly or by default). The default number of columns is dependent

on the volume format and the information requested. The DIRECTORY

command attempts to use as many columns as possible. If you request too

many columns, DIRECTORY displays a message and reduces the number of
columns to the number that will fit on the listing.

EXCH-26

EXCHANGE
DIRECTORY

/[NOJDATE

Includes the date for each file listed. If you omit this qualifier, the default is
/DATE.

/[NOJDELETED
Lists a directory of files that have been deleted from an RT-11 device, but
whose file name information has not been destroyed.
The listing includes the file names, types, sizes, creation dates and starting

block numbers (in decimal, unless you also specify the

/OCTAL qualifier) of

the deleted files.
The /DELETED qualifier is valid only with block-addressable volumes that
are in RT-11 format. The default is /NODELETED.

/[NOJFREE

Includes unused areas in the directory listing. The /FREE qualifier is valid
only with RT-11 formatted volumes.

/FULL

Lists all the available information for each file. The format of the listing
depends on the format of the volume.

The /FULL qualifier overrides the default brief listing format.

/[NOJOCTAL

Controls whether numeric information is displayed in decimal or octal format.
The default is /NOOCTAL; numbers are displayed in decimal radix. Dates
are always displayed in decimal format.

/OUTPUT/[-file-spec]

Writes the DIRECTORY output to a specified file, rather than to the current

SYS$OUTPUT device. If you specify the /OUTPUT qualifier without a file
specification, the output is directed to SYSSOUTPUT. If you omit the file type
in the file specification, the default file type is LIS. If you specify a file type
and omit the file name, the default file name is EXCHDIRE.
No wildcard characters are allowed in the file specification.

/OWNER

Displays information about the owner of a volume and the files on the
volume. For RT-11, the volume owner is shown. For DOS-11, the UIC of
the file owner is shown.

/PRINTER
Queues the command output for printing under the name specified by
the /OUTPUT qualifier. If you specify /PRINTER without the /OUTPUT
qualifier, the output is directed to a file named EXCHDIRE.LIS, which is
spooled for printing automatically and is then deleted.

/[NOJSIZE
Displays the file size in blocks for each file listed. If you omit this qualifier,
the default is /SIZE.

EXCH-27

EXCHANGE
DIRECTORY

/[NO][SUMMARY
Lists a summary of the usage of the directory segments for an RT-11 volume.

If a bad block replacement table is present, the contents of the table will be
displayed.

/VOLUME_FORMAT-option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The default
format is dependent on the device type. Table EXCH-2 summarizes the
format options; see Section 2 for a complete description of the /VOLUME_
FORMAT qualifier, options, and defaults.

The EXCHANGE command DIRECTORY is not valid for VAX/VMS devices.

The output of the DIRECTORY command depends on the volume format and
on certain formatting qualifiers and defaults. These formatting qualifiers are

the following:
JALL

/BLOCKS

/BRIEF

/COLUMNS

/DATE

JFULL

/OCTAL

/SI1ZE

JOWNER

The files that are listed always appear in the order in which they appear in

the volume directory, or the order in which they reside on a magnetic tape.

EXAMPLES
0

EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY DLA2:.0BJ/VOLUME=RT11/FULL
This command lists all files with the type OBJ on the RT-11 volume mounted

on DLA2:. The /FULL qualifier causes the file sizes and dates to be listed
along with the names.
B

EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY MFAO:/VOLUME=DOS11
The command in this example lists all files on the DOS-11 magnetic tape

mounted on MFAQ:. The magnetic tape is rewound before the files are listed.

EXCH-28

DESCRIPTION

EXCHANGE
DISMOUNT

DISMOUNT
Releases a volume that was previously accessed with the
EXCHANGE command MOUNT.

FORMAT
command

parameters

DISMOUNT device-name]:]
p

device-namel:]

Specifies the name of the device to be dismounted. You can specify a physical
device name or a logical name assigned to a physical device name. If you

omit a controller designation and/or a unit number, the defaults are controller
A and unit 0, respectively. You can also specify the name of a virtual device.

command
qualifiers

/INOIMESSAGE
Controls whether or not EXCHANGE displays a message that the volume

was dismounted. The default is determined by the /MESSAGE qualifier on
the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was activated.

S
—

DESCRIPTION

The DISMOUNT command closes all connections that EXCHANGE maintains
to the device. This command does not affect the state of the operating system
mount; the device remains accessible to VAX/VMS. If you do not use the

DISMOUNT command, an implicit DISMOUNT is automatically executed
when you exit EXCHANGE.

The DISMOUNT command is valid only with foreign devices.
_—

EXAMPLE
EXCHANGE>

MOUNT/FOREIGN MTAO:

EXCHANGE>

COPY MTAO:AVERAGE.FOR/VOLUME=DOS11 *

EXCHANGE>

DISMOUNT MTAO:

The first command in this example mounts the tape on the device MTAO:.

The second command transfers a file from the magnetic tape to the current

default directory. The last command releases the Exchange Utility’s access to
the volume; however, the volume is still mounted on the operating system
and is accessible to VAX/VMS.

EXCH-29

EXCHANGE
EXIT

EXIT
Terminates execution of EXCHANGE. Control is returned to the DCL
command level. You can also use CTRL/Z to exit EXCHANGE.

FORMAT

EXIT

EXAMPLE
EXCHANGE>

EXIT

EXCHANGE terminates, returning to the DCL command level.

EXCH-30

EXCHANGE
HELP

HELP
Displays information about EXCHANGE commands and qualifiers.
)

FORMAT
command
parameters

HELP [command [qualifier [option [option]]]])

command

Specifies the name of the EXCHANGE command for which you want

information. If you omit the command, HELP displays general information
listing all commands recognized by EXCHANGE.

qualifier

Gives the name of the qualifier to be explained.
s

DESCRIPTION You can obtain an overview of the Exchange Utility and a listing of the

EX( CHANGE command names by entering the HELP command with no
arguments.

If you enter HELP and the name of an EXCHANGE command, HELP

displays a description of the command followed by a list of related qualifiers.
You can then obtain information on any of the related qualifiers by entering
the qualifier name at the prompt.

As an alternative, you can obtain information on any EXCHANGE
command qualifier by entering HELP, the command, and the qualifier at
the EXCHANGE prompt, as follows:
$ HELP COPY /CONTIGUOUS

If the qualifier has options, you can obtain information on an option

by entering HELP, the command, the qualifier, and the option at the
EXCHANGE prompt.

If you specify an asterisk () in place of any keyword, the HELP command
displays all information available at that level.

If you specify an ellipsis ( . .. ) after any keyword, you obtain everything in
the help file that relates to that keyword.

You can specify percent signs and asterisks in the keyword as wildcard
characters.
_

EXAMPLES
1]

EXCHANGE> HELP

This command displays a description of the HELP command and lists a table
of EXCHANGE commands for which more help is available.

EXCH-31

EXCHANGE
HELP

EXCHANGE> HELP COPY/VOLUME. ..

The command in this example displays all the help that is available for the
COPY qualifier /VOLUME_FORMAT, including descriptions of each of the
options.

EXCH-32

EXCHANGE
INITIALIZE

INITIALIZE
Formats and writes a label on a foreign mass storage volume. For
directory-structured devices, the device directory is also initialized.
_—

FORMAT

command
parameters

INITIALIZE device-name [volume-label]
INITIALIZE/CREATE file-name [volume-label]
device-name

Specifies the name of the device on which the volume to be initialized is
physically mounted.

The device name can also refer to the name of a mounted virtual device that
is to be reinitialized.

file-name

For INITIALIZE/CREATE, file-name refers to the name of a file that is to be
created and initialized as a virtual device.

volume-label

Specifies the identification to be written onto the volume header for RT-11
volumes only. The volume label can contain up to a maximum of 12
alphanumeric characters. The default is VMS Exchange. Use quotation marks
to specify a volume label with lowercase letters.

command

qualifiers

/ALLOCATION=n

Specifies the allocation of a new virtual device file, in terms of 512-byte
blocks. The allocation specified is the number you entered as n. If you do not
specify the /ALLOCATION qualifier when you create a new virtual device
file, the default allocation is 494 blocks, the size of a single-density floppy
diskette. The maximum allocation is 65,536 blocks.

A virtual device file is usually the size of a standard device supported by both
RT-11 and VAX/VMS. These sizes are as follows:

Device

Blocks

TUs8

512

RX01

494

RX02

494 (single density)

988 (double density)
RLO2

20480

RKO6

27126

RKO7

53790

You can also use the /ALLOCATION qualifier to reduce the size of a physical
device. For example, if you want to prepare an RL02 disk but have only an

RKO7 device available, you can initialize the RK07 to a volume of 20,480

EXCH-33

EXCHANGE
INITIALIZE

blocks. Later, when the RLO2 is available, you can transfer the files to the
RLO02 without concern as to whether or not they will fit on the smaller device.

/BADBLOCKS[-RETAIN]

Performs a bad block scan of the volume before initialization. A file named

FILE.BAD is created on top of each bad block or group of bad blocks

encountered on the device, preventing any future use of the bad areas.

If a bad block is found in either the boot block or the volume directory, the
volume is not usable and EXCHANGE displays an error message. If the bad
block is in a directory segment other than the first, you may be able to use
the volume by reinitializing it with a smaller number of segments (see the

/SEGMENTS qualifier description).

If you specify /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN, EXCHANGE uses the device’s
existing bad block information, instead of performing a bad block scan. The
advantage of using RETAIN is that initializing takes less time. If you do not
specify RETAIN, EXCHANGE writes a pattern on each block of the volume,

then reads each block to verify that the block is usable. EXCHANGE prints a
list of the bad blocks found on the device.
Note that RK06, RK07 and RL02 disk volumes support bad block replacement;
DIGITAL recommends that you use the /REPLACE=RETAIN qualifier instead

of /BADBLOCKS for these volumes. If you use the /BADBLOCKS or

/BADBLOCKS=RETAIN qualifier with a volume that has been previously

initialized with the /REPLACE qualifier, EXCHANGE will delete the bad

block replacement table. If you use /BADBLOCKS, EXCHANGE will perform
a bad block scan of the volume; if you use /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN,

EXCHANGE will use the FILE.BAD files created from the previous

initialization of the volume.

/CREATE

Specifies that a virtual device is to be created and initialized. The specification
is a file name; if a file type is not given, EXCHANGE applies the default type

of DSK. See Section 4 for more information on virtual devices.

/DENSITY=density-value

Specifies, for magnetic tape volumes, the density in bytes per inch (bpi) at
which the tape is to be written.

For magnetic tape volumes, the density value specified can be 800 or 1600,
as long as the density is supported by the magnetic tape drive. If you do

not specify a density value for a blank tape, the system uses a default of the

lowest density supported by the tape drive.

For the RX02 dual-density diskette drive, use the DCL command INITIALIZE

/DENSITY=SINGLE or INITIALIZE /DENSITY=DOUBLE to reformat
the diskettes to a different density; then use the EXCHANGE command

INITIALIZE to create the RT-11 directory structure.

Note: Floppy diskettes formatted in double density cannot be read or written by
the console block storage device (an RX01 drive) of a VAX-11/780 until

they have been reformatted in single density.

/EXTRA_WORDS-n
Specifies, for RT-11 volumes, the number of extra words to add to each
directory entry, in addition to the required seven words. The ability to

increase the length of directory entries is useful for some RT-11 applications.

EXCH-34

EXCHANGE
INITIALIZE

Increasing the size of the directory entries reduces the number of entries that
fit in each directory segment.

/[NOJMESSAGE

Controls whether or not EXCHANGE displays a message that the volume was
initialized. The default is determined by the /MESSAGE qualifier that was
entered with the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was activated.

/REPLACE-RETAIN

Retains, when an RT-11 volume is initialized, the bad block replacement
table and any existing FILE.BAD files.

Note that the RETAIN option is required; EXCHANGE cannot build a
replacement table for a volume. The RT-11 system builds and uses the table
based on specific hardware error conditions. The VAX/VMS 1/0O system
is different, and cannot be relied upon to generate exactly the same error
conditions. Therefore, it is not possible for EXCHANGE to generate the same
replacement table that would be generated by RT-11.

If no replacement table is present, the qualifier /REPLACE=RETAIN is

equivalent to /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN.

/SEGMENTS=n

Defines, for RT-11 volumes, the number of 2-block directory segments

to allocate for the directory. The number of segments in the directory
establishes the number of files that can be stored on a device. The system

allows a maximum of 72 files per directory segment, and 31 directory

segments per device. The argument n represents the number of segments; the
valid range for n is from 1 to 31(decimal). The default values for n depend
on the device type, as follows:

Device

Segments

TUS8

RXO01

RX02

1 (single density)
4 (double density)

RLO2

RKO6

RKO7

/VOLUME_FORMA T-option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. Table EXCH-2
summarizes the format options. See Section 2 for a complete description of
the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier, options, and defaults.

The EXCHANGE command INITIALIZE is not valid for VAX/VMS devices.
——
e

DESCRIPTION You use the EXCHANGE command INITIALIZE to erase all files from a
volume. After initialization, the volume directory contains no files. DOS-11
magnetic tapes and RT-11 block-addressable devices can be initialized.
The device must be mounted with the /FOREIGN qualifier.

EXCH-35

EXCHANGE
INITIALIZE

_—

EXAMPLES
0

¢ vouNt/FOREIGN DLA2:

AMOUNT-I-MOUNTED,
$

mounted on DLA2:

EXCHANGE

EXCHANGE>

INITIALIZE DLA2:

YEXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume _DLA2: has been initialized

This command initializes the volume mounted on the RL02 drive DLA2:
Since DLA2: is a block-addressable device mounted with the /FOREIG
N

qualifier, RT-11 is the default format. EXCHANGE physically scans all blocks
of the volume, builds a bad block replacement table, and displays a message

indicating that it failed to turn up any bad blocks.
EXCHANGE>

INITIALIZE MTAO:/DENSITY=1600

The command in this example initializes the DOS-11 magnetic tape volume

loaded on MTAQ:. The density is specified as 1600 bpi; the default would

have been 800 bpi for an MT drive.
EXCHANGE>

INITIALIZE/CREATE/ALLOCATION=1000 VIRTUAL

EXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume DRBO: [LOGIN]VIRTUAL.DSK has been initialized

This command creates a virtual device with an allocation of 1000 blocks in
the directory [LOGIN] on DRB0:. EXCHANGE applies the default file type
of

DSK.

EXCH-36

EXCHANGE
MOUNT

MOUNT
Makes a foreign volume and the files or data it contains available
for processing by EXCHANGE. The EXCHANGE command MOUNT
enters the device into internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE.
——
e

FORMAT

command
parameters

MOUNT device-name

MOUNT/VIRTUAL device-name file-name
device-name

Specifies the physical device name or logical name of the device on which
the volume is to be mounted. For MOUNT/VIRTUAL, the device-name

parameter supplies a name by which the virtual device will be known.

file-name
For MOUNT/VIRTUAL only, the file-name parameter gives the name of the
file containing the image of the foreign volume.

command
qualifiers

/[INOJDATA_CHECK[-(READ,WRITE)]

Determines whether EXCHANGE performs a second operation after every
1/0 operation to verify that the data was correctly transferred.
If you specify /DATA_CHECK=WRITE, after every write operation

EXCHANGE rereads the data that was just written and compares it against
the original data. If you specify /DATA_CHECK=READ, EXCHANGE reads
each block of data twice and verifies that both read operations received
identical data.

If you specify the /DATA_CHECK qualifier without an option, the default is
/DATA_CHECK=WRITE.

Note that it is usually more efficient to use the /DATA_CHECK option on
the DCL command MOUNT than to use the option on the EXCHANGE
command MOUNT. If you mount a device with the DCL command MOUNT
/FOREIGN/DATA_CHECK, VAX/VMS is able to use features in the device
hardware and device driver to perform the redundant I/O operations.
The RX01 and RX02 floppy diskette drives do not contain the necessary

features for the operating system to perform data checking. If you use the
DCL command MOUNT/DATA_CHECK with a floppy diskette, the system
is not able to perform data checking (even though no warning message is

displayed). EXCHANGE is able to recognize, however, that a floppy diskette
was mounted with the data checking option; in this case, EXCHANGE
performs the software data checking internally, even if you have not specified
an explicit MOUNT/DATA_CHECK command.

/FOREIGN

Indicates that the volume is not in the standard format used by the VAX/VMS
operating system; that is, a magnetic tape volume is not in the standard ANSI
format, or a disk volume is not in Files-11 format.

EXCH-37

EXCHANGE
MOUNT

The EXCHANGE command MOUNT mounts only foreign volumes. The
/FOREIGN qualifier is the default. You must use the DCL command

MOUNT to mount VAX/VMS volumes.

The default protection applied to foreign volumes is RWLP (Read, Write,

Logical 1/0, Physical 1/0) for the system and owner. If you mount a volume

currently in Files-11 format with the /FOREIGN qualifier, you must have the

user privilege to override volume protection (VOLPRO), or your UIC must
match the UIC on the volume.

/[NOJMESSAGE
Controls whether or not EXCHANGE displays a message that the volume was

mounted. The default is determined by the /MESSAGE qualifier that was
specified with the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was invoked.

/VIRTUAL
Mounts a Files-11 file as a virtual device. When you specify /VIRTUAL,
the MOUNT command requires two parameters. The first parameter is a
device name that is assigned as the name of the virtual device. The second
parameter is the name of the Files-11 file that is the image of a foreign

volume.

See Section 4 for more information on virtual devices.

/VOLUME_FORMA T-option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. Table EXCH-2

summarizes the format options. See Section 2 for a complete description of

the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier, options, and defaults.

/[NOJWRITE

Controls whether the volume can be written.

You can specify /NOWRITE to protect files by providing read-only access.
Specifying /NOWRITE is equivalent to write-locking the device.

The default is /WRITE. If /WRITE is specified (either explicitly or by default)
and the volume itself is write locked, EXCHANGE displays a message to

inform you that the volume is write locked.

DESCRIPTION The EXCHANGE command MOUNT enters the description of the foreign

volume in internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE. This command is
different from the DCL command MOUNT, which enters the device in tables

maintained by the VAX/VMS operating system.

1f an EXCHANGE command is given on an unmounted foreign volume,

EXCHANGE attempts to execute an implied MOUNT/FOREIGN/WRITE

/NODATACHECK on the device. This feature is necessary so that
EXCHANGE can operate in the single-command DCL mode.

A virtual volume must be explicitly mounted with the MOUNT/VIRTUAL

command.

If a MOUNT/FOREIGN (either implied or explicit) command is given for
a foreign device that has not been mounted on the VAX/VMS system,
EXCHANGE issues the equivalent of the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGN

and attempts to make the volume known to the operating system. Any
volume so mounted by the EXCHANGE command MOUNT remains

mounted after EXCHANGE exits.

EXCH-38

EXCHANGE
MOUNT

When EXCHANGE issues the MOUNT/FOREIGN command, the system
checks the following:

That the device has not been allocated to another user

That a volume is physically loaded on the specified device
For magnetic tapes, the volume accessibility field of the VOL1 label

For a detailed description of the Mount Utility, see the VAX/VMS Utilities

Reference Volume.
—_—

——————————

EXAMPLES
1}

EXCHANGE> MOUNT MT:

Y%EXCHANGE-I-MOUNTED, MATHOB mounted on _MTAO:

This command requests that the magnetic tape loaded on the device MTAO:
be mounted as a foreign volume. The tape label is displayed, since the

tape has been previously initialized as an ANSI-labeled tape with the label
MATHO6. This tape cannot be accessed as a Files-11 tape; it should be

reinitialized as a DOS-11 tape during the current EXCHANGE session.
B

EXCHANGE> MOUNT DMA1:
EXCHANGE-I-WRITELOCK, volume is write-locked
%EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED, volume DMA1: mounted

The command in this example mounts the foreign volume that is loaded
in the RK07 device DMA1:, making the volume available for subsequent
EXCHANGE commands. EXCHANGE recognizes that the volume itself is
write locked, and displays a message.

EXCH-39

EXCHANGE
RENAME

RENAME
Changes the file specification of an existing file on an RT—11

volume.

FORMAT
command

parameters

RENAME

input-file-spec output-file-spec

input-file-spec

Specifies the names of one or more files whose specifications are to be

changed.

You can use wildcard characters in the file name and file type specification; if
you do, all files that satisfy the specified fields are renamed.

output-file-spec
Provides the new file specification to be applied to the input file. The

RENAME command uses the file name and file type of the input file
specification to provide defaults for nonspecified fields in the output file.
You can specify an asterisk (*) in place of the file name or file type of the

output file; the RENAME command uses the corresponding field in the input
file specification to name the output file. Specifying wildcard characters
in corresponding fields of the input and output file specifications results in

multiple rename operations.

You can omit the device name from the output specification. EXCHANGE

uses the device name specified for the input, since it is not possible to rename
a file from one device to another.

command

qualifiers

/[NOJLOG
.
I
Controls whether the RENAME command displays the file specification of
each file that it renames.

The default is

/NOLOG.

/[NOJPROTECT
Determines whether protection is set for an RT-11 output file. The default is

/NOPROTECT.

This qualifier is not valid for Files-11 or DOS-11 output files. Protection
attributes for Files-11 output are taken from the current process default

protection.

EXCHANGE does not attempt to transfer protection attributes from the input
file to the output file, because protection mechanisms of various operating

systems do not readily translate to one another.

The owner UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current process.

EXCH-40

EXCHANGE
RENAME

/[NOJSYSTEM

Controls whether the RENAME command renames files that have a file

extension of SYS. These files are usually files that are necessary for the
operation of an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS files in this
manner.

The default is /NOSYSTEM; the RENAME command does not rename
an RT-11 file with a SYS extension, whether it is matched by a wildcard
specification or is explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message
whenever it skips over a SYS file during a rename operation.

EXCHANGE handles files with a file type of BAD in a similar manner; that is,
the rename operation skips BAD files. However, EXCHANGE does not warn
that BAD files are being skipped, and the /SYSTEM qualifier has no effect

on BAD files. You rename a BAD file by specifying the file name explicitly
instead of using wildcards.

/VOLUME_FORMAT=option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. Table EXCH-2
summarizes the format options. See Section 2 for a complete description of
the /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier, options, and defaults.

EXCHANGE supports the RENAME command only on RT-11 volumes.

EXAMPLES
[

EXCHANGE> RENAME DMAO:AVERAG.0BJ MEAN

This command changes the file name of the file AVERAG.OB]J to MEAN.OBJ.
2}

EXCHANGE> RENAME DLA2:#.TXT *.0LD
The command in this example renames all files with file types of TXT to files
with file types of OLD; the file names are not changed.

[

EXCHANGE> RENAME/LOG

DMAO:DATA.*

NEW

EXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMAO:DATA.AAA renamed to _DMAO:NEW.AAR

WEXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMAO:DATA.BBB renamed to _DMAO:NEW.BBB
AEXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMAO:DATA.CCC renamed to _DMAO:NEW.CCC

The command in this example illustrates wildcard characters in the input file
names. The device DMAQ: contains three files with the file name DATA; the
result is the renaming of all three files as displayed by the /LOG qualifier.

EXCH-41

EXCHANGE
SHOW

SHOW
Displays the devices currently mounted by EXCHANGE.

FORMAT

SHOW

command

None.

parameters

None.

command
qualifiers
-_

EXAMPLE
EXCHANGE>

MOUNT DBAO:

AEXCHANGE-I-VMSMOUNT, a "$ MOUNT /FOREIGN DBAO:" command was done by Exchange
AEXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED,
EXCHANGE>

the RT-11 volume _DBAO:

has been mounted

MOUNT DLA2:

AEXCHANGE-I-VMSMOUNT, a "$ MOUNT /FOREIGN DLA2:" command was dome by Exchange
'AEXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED, the RT-11 volume _DLA2: has been mounted
EXCHANGE>

SHOW

Mounted volumes:
_DLA2:

volume format:

RT-11

volume class:

disk

physical device name:

_DLA2:

volume size:

20480 blocks

volume format:

RT-11

volume class:

disk

physical device name:

_DBAO:

voluze size:

65636 blocks

_DBAO:

EXCHANGE>

The MOUNT commands mount foreign devices on drives DBAO: and DLA2:.
The SHOW command displays all devices currently mounted by EXCHANGE.

EXCH-42

EXCHANGE
TYPE

TYPE
Displays the contents of a file or group of files on the current output
device.

_—————

FORMAT

TYPE file-spec/, . .. ]

command

file-spec|, . . . ]

parameters

Specifies the name(s) of one or more input files to be copied. If you specify

more than one input file, you can separate them with either commas or plus

signs. You can specify standard VAX/VMS wildcards in file names, both
Files-11 and foreign. Wildcard directories are supported for Files-11 and
DOS-11 input.

The syntax for the file names is dependent on the particular volume format

option present or implied. See Section 2 for descriptions of the volume
format, options, and defaults.

command
qualifiers

/[NOJLOG

Controls whether TYPE displays the file specifications of each file displayed.
If you specify /LOG, the TYPE command displays the following for each
copy operation:

The file specifications of the input and output files

The number of blocks or the number of records copied (depending on

whether the file is copied on a block-by-block or record-by-record basis).

/RECORD_FORMAT=(option][, . . . ])

Defines the internal record structure of a file and other attributes of the
records. Table EXCH-3 summarizes the record format options. See Section 3
for a complete description of the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier, options, and
defaults.

/[NOJREWIND

Controls whether the DOS-11 input magnetic tape reel rewinds to the logical

beginning-of-tape mark before EXCHANGE searches for the file name given
in the input specifier.

Use this qualifier only for DOS-11 magnetic tape devices. The default is

/NOREWIND; you should use /REWIND when you want TYPE to start

searching for a file at the beginning of the magnetic tape rather at the current

position.

/VOLUME_FORMAT=option

Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The default
format qualifier is dependent on the device type. Table EXCH-2 summarizes
the format options. See Section 2 for a complete description of the
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier, options, and defaults.

EXCH-43

EXCHANGE
TYPE

T
———————————————

—

EXAMPLES
1}

EXCHANGE> TYPE TEST.DAT
This command displays the contents of the file TEST.DAT, which resides on
the default disk and directory.

EXCHANGE> TYPE DYAO:BEAM.RAT/VOLUME=RT11/RECORD=STREAM
The command in this example copies the RT-11 file to the current

SYS$OUTPUT device. The two qualifiers are actually the defaults, assuming

DYAO: was mounted as a foreign volume.

EXCH—44

Index
DELETE command (cont'd.)

/LOG qualifier ® EXCH-25

/SYSTEM qualifier * EXCH-25
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-25
Description of EXCHANGE ® EXCH-4
Device specification

Carriage control

DOS-11°EXCH-8

options ® EXCH-13

Files—11®EXCH-7

CARRIAGE_RETURN * EXCH-13

RT-11EXCH-7

FORTRAN®EXCH-13
NONE

Directing output of EXCHANGE ® EXCH-2

*EXCH-13

DIRECTORY command ® EXCH-27

Command string® EXCH-5

description ® EXCH-29

Commands ® EXCH-5

examples ® EXCH-29

COPY command ® EXCH-16

format ® EXCH-27

description® EXCH-22

parameters ® EXCH-27

examples ® EXCH-22

qualifiers ® EXCH-27

format® EXCH-16

/ALL qualifier * EXCH-27

parameters ® EXCH-16

/BADBLOCKS qualifier ® EXCH-27

qualifiers ® EXCH-17

/BLOCKS qualifier ® EXCH-27

/ALLOCATION qualifier * EXCH-18
/BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifier

EXCH-18

/BOOT qualifier®* EXCH-17
/CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifier

*EXCH-18

/CONTIGUOUS qualifier * EXCH-19
/DELETE qualifier® EXCH-19
JEXTENSION qualifier e EXCH-19
/LOG qualifier ® EXCH-17
/PROTECT qualifier* EXCH-19
/RECORD_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-20
/REPLACE qualifier * EXCH-20

/REWIND qualifier * EXCH-20
/START_BLOCK qualifier * EXCH-20

/SYSTEM qualifier e EXCH-20
/TRANSFER_MODE qualifier e EXCH-21
/TRUNCATE qualifier ® EXCH-21
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-21

/BRIEF qualifier * EXCH-27
/COLUMNS qualifier* EXCH-27
/DATE qualifier * EXCH-28

/DELETED qualifier » EXCH-28
/FREE qualifier * EXCH-28

/FULL qualifier * EXCH-28
/OCTAL qualifier EXCH-28
/OUTPUT qualifier » EXCH-28
/OWNER qualifier * EXCH-28
/PRINTER qualifier ® EXCH-28

/SIZE qualifier * EXCH-28
/SUMMARY qualifier ® EXCH-29

/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier e EXCH-29
DISMOUNT command ® EXCH-30

description ® EXCH-30
examples ® EXCH-30
format® EXCH-30
parameters ® EXCH-30

qualifiers® EXCH-30
/MESSAGE qualifier » EXCH-30
DOS-11

DELETE command ® EXCH-25
examples ® EXCH-26
format ® EXCH-25

device specification® EXCH-8
file specification ® EXCH-8
volume format ® EXCH-8

parameters ® EXCH-25
qualifiers ® EXCH-25

Index—1

Index

INITIALIZE command (cont'd.)
/BADBLOCKS qualifier ® EXCH-35
/CREATE qualifier * EXCH-35

/DENSITY qualifier
e EXCH-35
/EXTRA_WORDS qualifier * EXCH-35
Examples
creating a virtual device
® EXCH-14
mounting a virtual device
® EXCH-14
EXIT command ® EXCH-30
Exiting EXCHANGE® EXCH-2

/MESSAGE qualifier * EXCH-36
/REPLACE qualifier ® EXCH-36

/SEGMENTS qualifier » EXCH-36
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-36
Invoking EXCHANGE ® EXCH-1

File specification

DOS-11°EXCH-8
Files—11EXCH-7
RT—11°EXCH-8
Files—11

device specification ® EXCH-7

file specification® EXCH-7
volume format® EXCH-7
Format

for EXCHANGE command ® EXCH-1

Media supported by EXCHANGE
® EXCH-4
/MESSAGE qualifier* EXCH-6
MOUNT command ® EXCH-38

description® EXCH-39
examples® EXCH-40
format® EXCH-38
parameters ® EXCH-38
qualifiers ® EXCH-38
/DATA_CHECK qualifier

EXCH-38

/FOREIGN qualifiere EXCH-38
/MESSAGE qualifier ® EXCH-39
/VIRTUAL qualifier
® EXCH-39
/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier e EXCH-39
/WRITE qualifier * EXCH-39

HELP command ® EXCH-32

description ® EXCH-32
examples ® EXCH-32

format ¢ EXCH-32
parameters ® EXCH-32
wildcards ® EXCH-32

INITIALIZE command ® EXCH-34

description ® EXCH-36
examples
® EXCH-36
format ® EXCH-34

parameters® EXCH-34
qualifiers
®* EXCH-34

/ALLOCATION qualifier * EXCH-34

Index—2

Parameters

for EXCHANGE command ® EXCH-1

Record format
BINARY option® EXCH-10

defaults * EXCH-12 to EXCH-13
FIXED option® EXCH-11
options* EXCH-10
PAD option®EXCH-12

specification ® EXCH-9
STREAM option® EXCH-11

Index

Record format (cont’d.)

VARIABLE option ® EXCH-11

Virtual device (cont’'d.)
examples

/RECORD_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-10

creating® EXCH-14

RENAME command ® EXCH-41

dismounting ® EXCH-14

examples® EXCH-42

initializing ® EXCH-14

format® EXCH-41

mounting® EXCH-14

parameters ® EXCH-41

/LOG qualifier EXCH-41

mounting ® EXCH-14
Volume format

/PROTECT qualifier * EXCH-41

defaults
® EXCH-9

/SYSTEM qualifier * EXCH-42

DOS-11EXCH-8

/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifiereEXCH-42

Files—11¢EXCH-7

Restrictions of EXCHANGE® EXCH-2

magnetic tape default® EXCH-9

RT-11

options ® EXCH-6

device specification® EXCH-7

RT—11EXCH-7

file specification ® EXCH-8

specification ® EXCH-6

volume format® EXCH-7

S
SHOW command ® EXCH-43

examples ® EXCH-43
format® EXCH-43
parameters ® EXCH-43
Specifying block allocation for virtual devices®
EXCH-34

T
TYPE command ® EXCH-44
examples ® EXCH-45
format® EXCH-44

parameters ® EXCH-44
qualifiers ® EXCH-44

/LOG qualifier * EXCH-44
/RECORD_FORMAT qualifier e EXCH-44
/REWIND qualifier * EXCH-44

/VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier * EXCH-44

\")
Virtual device ® EXCH-5, EXCH-14
allocation ® EXCH-34
creating ® EXCH-14

Index-3

VAX/VMS
Exchange Utility
Reference Manual

AA-Z416B-TE

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