Digital PDFs

EK-RF72D-UG-008

April 1993

168 pages

Original

0.8MB

Document:	RF Series Integrated Storage Element User Guide
Order Number:	EK-RF72D-UG
Revision:	008
Pages:	168
Original Filename:	EK-RF72D-UG-008_RF_Series_Integrated_Storage_Element_Users_Guide_Apr93.pdf

OCR Text

RF Series Integrated Storage
Element
User Guide
Order Number: EK-RF72D-UG-008

Digital Equipment Corporation

April 1993
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated
companies.
Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in
Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1993.
All Rights Reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: BASIC, DEC,
DECmailer, DECservice, DSA, MicroVAX, MSCP, Q–bus, SERVICenter, VAX,
VAXsimPLUS, VMS, and the DIGITAL logo.

Contents
About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xiii

1 General Information
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DSSI Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31/31F Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T and RF36 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF72, RF73, and RF74 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31/31F ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF36 ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF72 ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–1
1–1
1–1
1–2
1–2
1–3
1–4
1–5
1–6
1–7
1–7
1–7
1–8
1–8
1–9
1–10
1–10
1–10
1–11
1–11
1–12
1–14
1–14
1–14
1–15
1–15
1–16
1–18
1–18

iii

Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF73 ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF74 ISE Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–18
1–19
1–19
1–20
1–21
1–21
1–21
1–22
1–22
1–23
1–24
1–24
1–24
1–25
1–25
1–26

2 Theory of Operation
Physical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FRUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF3x/RF7x Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drive Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drive Module Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Divided Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drive Module Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATUS THREADS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thread Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–1
2–1
2–1
2–2
2–3
2–4
2–5
2–5
2–7
2–9
2–9
2–11
2–12
2–13
2–14
2–15
2–16
2–17
2–17
2–18
2–18
2–18
2–19
2–19

MSCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multihost Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seek Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Request Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Read Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RCT Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sector Format and Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disk Sector Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sector Header Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R/W Portion of Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flags Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LTN0 Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EDC Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ECC Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Head and Track Scatter Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LTN0 Track Reference Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostics and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POST Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POST Verifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
After POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DUP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic and Utility Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detecting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detecting Errors Using PARAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fatal Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transient Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detecting Soft Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MSCP Error Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Log Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soft Errors not Reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–19
2–20
2–21
2–21
2–21
2–22
2–22
2–23
2–23
2–23
2–24
2–25
2–25
2–25
2–25
2–25
2–26
2–27
2–28
2–28
2–28
2–28
2–29
2–29
2–29
2–31
2–32
2–33
2–34
2–34
2–34
2–35
2–35
2–36
2–36
2–36
2–36
2–37

3 Controls and Indicators
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BA200 Series Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BA400 Series Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control and Indicator Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T and RF36 Write-Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SF7x Enclosure Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control and Indicator Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the DSSI Node ID Plugs (BA200 and BA400 Series
OCPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spare Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renumbering ISEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ISE Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning DSSI Node ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drive Module LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3–1
3–1
3–1
3–2
3–2
3–3
3–4
3–5
3–5
3–6
3–7
3–13
3–13
3–14
3–15
3–15
3–15
3–15
3–15
3–16
3–16
3–19
3–20

4 Local Programs
Accessing Local Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using VMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Q–bus Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Embedded Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using MDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIRECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRVEXR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4–1
4–1
4–1
4–3
4–4
4–4
4–5
4–6
4–7
4–7
4–7
4–7
4–7
4–8

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stopping DRVEXR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRVEXR Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mode/Dialogue Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRVTST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRVTST Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LBN and RBN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ERASE Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stopping ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VERIFY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing VERIFY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DKUTIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing DKUTIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DKUTIL Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stopping DKUTIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DKUTIL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DKUTIL Command Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEFAULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEFAULT Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEFAULT Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4–8
4–8
4–9
4–10
4–10
4–10
4–11
4–11
4–11
4–12
4–13
4–14
4–14
4–14
4–15
4–15
4–15
4–16
4–17
4–17
4–17
4–18
4–19
4–19
4–19
4–19
4–20
4–23
4–24
4–25
4–25
4–25
4–25
4–25
4–26
4–27
4–29
4–29
4–29
4–30
4–30
4–30
4–31

vii

DUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DUMP Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DUMP Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DUMP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GET Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GET Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GET Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POP Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUSH Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUSH Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACE Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET SIZE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET SIZE Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing PARAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARAMS Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stopping PARAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARAMS Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXIT Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCATE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCATE Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii

4–32
4–32
4–33
4–34
4–35
4–35
4–35
4–36
4–36
4–36
4–36
4–37
4–37
4–37
4–38
4–38
4–38
4–39
4–39
4–39
4–40
4–40
4–40
4–41
4–41
4–41
4–42
4–42
4–42
4–42
4–42
4–43
4–44
4–44
4–44
4–45
4–45
4–45
4–46
4–46
4–46
4–47
4–47

SET Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET and SHOW Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHOW Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHOW Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHOW Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATUS Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATUS Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATUS Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WRITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reasons for Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WRITE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WRITE Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ZERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ZERO Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ZERO Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4–47
4–48
4–49
4–49
4–50
4–51
4–52
4–52
4–52
4–53
4–54
4–54
4–55
4–55
4–56
4–56
4–56
4–57

5 Troubleshooting Procedures
Performing Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failure Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Before Calling Digital Customer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5–1
5–1
5–1
5–2
5–3
5–4

6 Digital Customer Services
Types of Service Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On-Site Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BASIC Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECservice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carry-In service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECmailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Per Call Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6–1
6–1
6–1
6–1
6–2
6–2
6–2
6–3
6–3

Index
Examples
3–1
3–2

Setting Hardware Write-Protection Through Firmware . . . . .
Setting Hardware Write-Protection Through VMS . . . . . . . . .

3–11
3–12

RF31 ISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T ISE Side and Bottom Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF36 ISE Side and Bottom Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31/31F and RF72/73/74 ISE Basic Components . . . . . . . . .
RF31/RF31F Drive Module Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T Drive Module Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31 Drive Module Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T Drive Module Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drive Module Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Flow Through the Drive Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Flow Through the Drive Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multihost Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Request Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RCT is Cached in Controller RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31 Sector Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Head and Track Scatter Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On-Disk Format Anchored at LTN0 on Each Surface
(RF31/31F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POST Coverage (RF31 shown) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multihost DUP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostics and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Location of the Fault LEDs (RF31 Shown) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BA200 Series DSSI Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BA400 Series OCP for DSSI ISEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SF7x Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–3
1–4
1–5
1–13
1–17
2–2
2–5
2–6
2–9
2–10
2–12
2–13
2–15
2–17
2–20
2–21
2–22
2–23
2–26

Figures
1–1
1–2
1–3
1–4
1–5
2–1
2–2
2–3
2–4
2–5
2–6
2–7
2–8
2–9
2–10
2–11
2–12
2–13
2–14
2–15
2–16
2–17
2–18
2–19
3–1
3–2
3–3

2–27
2–28
2–30
2–31
2–33
3–2
3–5
3–13

3–4
3–5

RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 Drive Module Switch and
LED Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/31T and RF36 Drive Module Options Connector and
LED Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3–18

RF31/RF31F Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/RF31T Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 DSSI IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF35/31T and RF36 DSSI IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–7
2–8
3–19
3–19

3–17

Tables
2–1
2–2
3–1
3–2

About This Guide

Introduction

This user guide is intended for users of the RF Series Integrated
Storage Elements (ISEs).

Structure

This user guide includes the following six chapters with
information on the RF31/31F, RF35/31T, RF36, RF72, RF73,
and RF74 ISEs.
•

Chapter 1, General Information, describes the RF series
ISEs, and the DSSI bus function and performance features.
It also lists specifications.

•

Chapter 2, Theory of Operation, covers ISE physical
descriptions, head-disk assemblies (HDAs), functional
descriptions, firmware, and diagnostics and utilities.

•

Chapter 3, Controls and Indicators, describes the operator
control panel (OCP) on the system enclosure and the ISE
drive module.

•

Chapter 4, Local Programs, describes the local programs and
how they can be accessed through VMS, from the console,
and through MDM.

•

Chapter 5, Troubleshooting Procedures, describes what to
do if an ISE operates incorrectly. It also describes failure
indications and internal self-tests.

•

Chapter 6, Digital Customer Services, describes a range of
flexible services offered by Digital Services.

xiii

1
General Information
Overview
In this Chapter

Introduction

This chapter covers the following topics:
•

Definition of RF31/31F, RF35/31T, RF36, RF72, RF73, and
RF74 Integrated Storage Elements (ISEs)

•

DSSI bus function

•

Performance features

•

Specifications

The RF31/31F, RF35/31T, RF36, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs are
disk storage devices based on the Digital Storage Architecture
(DSA) using the DSSI bus and interface. The RF31/31F is a
half-height, 5¼-inch disk storage device. The RF35/31T and the
RF36 are both 3 ½-inch disk storage devices. The RF72, RF73,
and RF74 are full-height, 5 ¼-inch disk storage devices.
The RF31F is a high-speed, lower-capacity version of the RF31
ISE. Unless otherwise specified, references to the RF31 ISE in
this manual apply to the RF31F ISE also.
The RF31T is a high-speed, lower-capacity version of the RF35
ISE. Unless otherwise specified, references to the RF35 ISE in
this manual apply to the RF31T ISE also.

General Information 1–1

DSSI Bus

The DSSI bus is a logical equivalent to the CI bus used on larger
Digital systems. The DSSI bus allows one or more hosts to
communicate directly with storage devices, using the Systems
Communications Architecture (SCA) protocols. As many as eight
nodes (ISEs and adapters) can be connected to one DSSI bus.
The DSSI bus is a 50-conductor cable. Inside an enclosure, the
bus may be a flat ribbon cable or a round bundle of twisted
pairs. Between enclosures, the bus is a shielded round cable
approximately ½-inch in diameter.

ISE

1–2 General Information

An ISE is a DSSI device that contains an embedded intelligent
controller and an on-board MSCP server. Each ISE executes
commands and transfers data independently of other ISEs
attached to the DSSI bus. Commands and data are transferred
over the DSSI bus in small packets, so multiple ISE transfers
are efficiently multiplexed.

RF31/31F
Description

The RF31 ISE (Figure 1–1) is a half-height, 5¼-inch fixed disk
storage device. Its dimensions are 20.9 cm (8.21 in) by 14.7 cm
(5.79 in) by 4.1 cm (1.62 in).
Figure 1–1 RF31 ISE

SHR_0073_88SCN
SHR_X1075_89_SCN

General Information 1–3

RF35/RF31T
and RF36
Description

The RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISE, shown in Figure 1–2, is a
3½-inch fixed disk storage device. Its dimensions are 14.60 cm
(5.75 in) by 10.16 cm (4.0 in) by 4.1 cm (1.62 in).
Figure 1–2 RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISE

1–4 General Information

RF72, RF73,
and RF74
Description

The RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISE, shown in Figure 1–3, is a
full-height, 5¼-inch fixed disk storage device. Its dimensions are
20.9 cm (8.21 in) by 14.7 cm (5.79 in) by 8.3 cm (3.25 in).
Figure 1–3 RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISE

SHR-0226-88
SHR_X1074_89_SCN

General Information 1–5

Performance
Features

1–6 General Information

The RF31, RF31T, RF35, RF36, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs
offer powerful performance features not typically available on
disk storage devices in this form factor. The following table lists
some of the features, many of which are described in more detail
in Chapter 2.
Feature

Function

Multihost support

This allows a single ISE to be used by two
hosts at the same time. For example, two
MicroVAX 3800 systems can be booted from a
single ISE.

Seek ordering

When more than one I/O command is
outstanding, the ISE performs the commands
in an order that minimizes seek time. The
commands considered for seek ordering include
the commands from all hosts.

Request
fragmentation

This technique breaks single I/O requests
into smaller pieces that may be optimized
independently. The result is lower rotational
latency and, consequently, faster access time
for large requests.

Quadruplicated
headers

The headers preceding each data block are
replicated four times to make sure data is not
lost because of header errors.

264-bit ECC

DSSI ISEs store a large, 264-bit error
correction code (ECC) in each block, capable of
correcting up to 120 erroneous bits.

Controller-initiated
BBR

With controller-initiated bad block replacement
(BBR), the ISE presents the host with a set of
logically contiguous blocks, and disk capacity
never shrinks because bad blocks are detected
and automatically moved to spare blocks.

RCT Cache

DSSI ISEs cache the replacement control table
(RCT), allowing replaced blocks to be located
without the time required for seeks to and
from the RCT stored on the media.

Read-ahead Cache

The ISEs incorporate a multitrack read cache
to reduce latency.

RF31/31F ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF31 and RF31F ISEs.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF31 and RF31F ISEs.
Specification

RF31

RF31F

Formatted storage capacity

381 Mbytes

200 Mbytes

Average seek time

15.3 ms

12.2 ms

Average access time

23.6 ms

20.5 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

4.0 Mbytes/second

Total start time

<60 seconds

Time to attain full r/min

<15 seconds

Internal diagnostics

<33 seconds

Spin-down

<15 seconds

General Information 1–7

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF31 and
RF31F ISEs.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

1.2 A max.

12 V supply current

3.0 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal) of
spin-up)
0.7 A max. (idle)
1.3 A max. (continuous random seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

1–8 General Information

12.6 W typical (idle)
18.7 W typical (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the specifications for the RF31
and RF31F storage media.
Specification

RF31

RF31F

Data tracks per surface

1,861

984

Sectors per track

50 data sectors
1 replacement
sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

1,875

Bits per inch

30,064

Areal density

57.35 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF31 and RF31F ISEs.
Specification
Temperature
Operating

Non-operating

Relative humidity
Operating

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)
Altitude
Operating
Non-operating

Value
10 to 50°C (50 to 122°F), ambient,
with a gradient of 11°C (20°F) per
hour (as introduced to the drive
enclosure)
-40 to 66°C (-40 to 151°F), ambient,
with a gradient of 20°C (36°F) per
hour
10 to 90% with maximum wet bulb
temperature of 28°C (82°F) and a
minimum dew point of 2°C (36°F),
with no condensation
8 to 95%, with no condensation

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)
4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office
environment)

<5.1 Bels, idle
<5.6 Bels, seeking

Airflow

10 ft³/min (minimum)

Agency compliance

UL, CSA, IEC 380, IEC 435, VDE 804

General Information 1–9

RF35/RF31T ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF35/RF31T ISE.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF35/RF31T ISE.
Specification

RF35

RF31T

Formatted storage capacity

852 Mbytes

381 Mbytes

Average seek time

9.5 ms

7.5 ms

Average access time

15.1 ms

13.1 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

4.0 Mbytes/s

Total start time

<30 s

Time to attain full r/min

<15 s

Internal diagnostics

<15 s

Spin-down

<15 s

1–10 General Information

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF35/RF31T
ISE.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

0.85 A max.

12 V supply current

2.29 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal) of
spin-up)
0.74 A max. (idle)
1.56 A max. peak (continuous random
seeks)
0.96 A max. avg. (continuous random
seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

11.3 W typical (idle)
13.8 W typical (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the specifications for the RF35
/RF31T storage media.
Specification

RF35

RF31T

Data tracks per surface

2,086

933

Sectors per track

57 data sectors
1 replacement
sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

2,650

Bits per inch

48,300

Areal density

128 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

General Information 1–11

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF35/RF31T ISE.
Specification
Temperature
Operating

Non-operating

Relative humidity
Operating

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)
Altitude
Operating
Non-operating

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)
4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office
environment)

<5.4 Bels, idle
<5.0 Bels, seeking

Airflow
(Figure 1–4)

Airflow to the drive should be
sufficient to component case
temperatures below the following
maximums:

HDA
E2 CPU
E5 ADASP
E13 QTPD
E14 Apache
Agency compliance

60°C
85°C
80°C
90°C
80°C
UL, CSA, IEC 950, TUV

Figure 1–4 shows the side and bottom views of the RF35/RF31T
ISE.

1–12 General Information

Figure 1–4 RF35/RF31T ISE Side and Bottom Views

General Information 1–13

RF36 ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF36 ISE.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF36 ISE.
Specification

RF36

Formatted storage capacity

1600 Mbytes

Average seek time

9.7 ms

Average access time

15.6 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

5.0 Mbytes/s

Total start time

<30 s

Time to attain full r/min

<15 s

Internal diagnostics

<15 s

Spin-down

<15 s

1–14 General Information

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF36 ISE.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

0.86 A max.

12 V supply current

2.89 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal) of
spin-up)
0.69 A max. (idle)
1.70 A max peak (continuous random seeks)
0.96 A max avg. (continuous random seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

11.46 W typical (idle)
14.9 W typical (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the specifications for the RF36
storage media.
Specification

RF36

Data tracks per surface

2,086

Sectors per track

Band 0—53 data sectors
1 replacement sector
Band 1—71 data sectors
1 replacement sector
Band 2—80 data sectors
1 replacement sector
Band 3—107 data sectors
1 replacement sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

2,756

Bits per inch

52,500

Areal density

144 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

General Information 1–15

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF36 ISE.
Specification
Temperature
Operating

Non-operating

Relative humidity
Operating

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)
Altitude
Operating
Non-operating

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)
4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office
environment)

<4.4 Bels, idle
<5.0 Bels, seeking

Airflow
(Figure 1–5)

Airflow to the drive should be
sufficient to component case
temperatures below the following
maximums:

HDA
E2 CPU
E5 ADASP
E13 QTPD
E14 Apache
Agency compliance

60°C
85°C
80°C
90°C
80°C
UL, CSA, IEC 950, TUV

Figure 1–5 shows the side and bottom views of the RF36 ISE.

1–16 General Information

Figure 1–5 RF36 ISE Side and Bottom Views

General Information 1–17

RF72 ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF72 ISE.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF72 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data storage capacity

1 Gbyte, formatted

Average seek time

13.3 ms

Average access time

21.6 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

4.0 Mbytes/second

Start time
Time to attain full r/min
Internal diagnostics

<60 seconds, total
<15 seconds
<33 seconds

Spin-down

<15 seconds

1–18 General Information

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF72 ISE.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

1.5 A

12 V supply current

5.4 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal)
of spin-up)
1.1 A (idle)
2.3 A (continuous random seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

20.7 W (idle)
34.5 W (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the storage media specifications
for the RF72 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data tracks per surface

1,861

Sectors per track

50 data sectors
1 replacement sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

1,875

Bits per inch

30,064

Areal density

57.35 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

General Information 1–19

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF72 ISE.
Specification

Value

Temperature
Operating

10 to 50°C (50 to 122°F), ambient,
with a gradient of 11°C (20°F) per
hour (as introduced to the drive
enclosure)

Non-operating

-40 to 66°C (-40 to 151°F),
ambient, with a gradient of
20°C (36°F) per hour

Relative humidity
Operating

10 to 90% with maximum wet
bulb temperature of 28°C (82°F)
and a minimum dew point of 2°C
(36°F), with no condensation

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)

8 to 95%, with no condensation

Altitude
Operating

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)

Non-operating

4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office environment)

<5.1 Bels, idle
<5.8 Bels, seeking

Airflow

15 ft³/min (minimum)

1–20 General Information

RF73 ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF73 ISE.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF73 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data storage capacity

2 Gbytes, formatted

Average seek time

12.9 ms

Average access time

21.2 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

4.0 Mbytes/second

Start time
Time to attain full r/min
Internal diagnostics

<60 seconds, total
<15 seconds
<33 seconds

Spin-down

<15 seconds

General Information 1–21

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF73 ISE.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

1.20 A

12 V supply current

5.00 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal) of
spin-up)
1.20 A (idle)
4.00 A max peak (continuous random seeks)
1.75 A max avg. (continuous random seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

17.0 W (idle)
22.9 W (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the storage media specifications
for the RF73 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data tracks per surface

2,620

Sectors per track

71 data sectors
1 replacement sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

2,432

Bits per inch

43,880

Areal density

106.72 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

1–22 General Information

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF73 ISE.
Specification

Value

Temperature
Operating

10 to 50°C (50 to 122°F), ambient,
with a gradient of 11°C (20°F) per
hour (as introduced to the drive
enclosure)

Non-operating

-40 to 66°C (-40 to 151°F),
ambient, with a gradient of
20°C (36°F) per hour

Relative humidity
Operating

10 to 90% with maximum wet
bulb temperature of 28°C (82°F)
and a minimum dew point of 2°C
(36°F), with no condensation

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)

8 to 95%, with no condensation

Altitude
Operating

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)

Non-operating

4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office environment)

<4.6 to 4.9 Bels, idle
<5.7 Bels, seeking

Airflow

10 ft³/min (minimum)

General Information 1–23

RF74 ISE Specifications
Introduction

This section lists performance, power, media, and environmental
specifications for the RF74 ISE.

Performance
Specifications

The following table summarizes the performance specifications of
the RF74 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data storage capacity

3.5 Gbytes, formatted

Average seek time

12.5 ms

Average access time

18.1 ms

Peak transfer rate to DSSI bus

5.0 Mbytes/second

Start time
Time to attain full r/min
Internal diagnostics

<30 seconds, total
<20 seconds
<15 seconds

Spin-down

<20 seconds

1–24 General Information

Current
and Power
Consumption

The following table summarizes the maximum current and
typical power consumption specifications for the RF74 ISE.
Specification

Value

5 V supply current

1.20 A

12 V supply current

5.60 A (peak, first 3 seconds (nominal) of
spin-up)
2.40 A (idle)
4.00 A max peak (continuous random seeks)
2.90 A max avg. (continuous random seeks)

Total power

Media
Specifications

34.8 W (idle)
40.8 W (continuous random seeks)

The following table summarizes the storage media specifications
for the RF74 ISE.
Specification

Value

Data tracks per surface

3,058

Sectors per track

Band 0—Not used
Band 1—79 data sectors
1 replacement sector
Band 2—89 data sectors
1 replacement sector
Band 3—119 data sectors
1 replacement sector

Data surfaces per drive

Tracks per inch

2,756

Bits per inch

44,700

Areal density

123 Mbits/in²

Disk type

Thin film

Servo

Fully embedded

Positioner

Rotary

R/W code

RLL 1,7

General Information 1–25

Environmental
Specifications

The following table summarizes the environmental specifications
for the RF74 ISE.
Specification

Value

Temperature
Operating

10 to 50°C (50 to 122°F), ambient,
with a gradient of 11°C (20°F) per
hour (as introduced to the drive
enclosure)

Non-operating

-40 to 66°C (-40 to 151°F),
ambient, with a gradient of
20°C (36°F) per hour

Relative humidity
Operating

10 to 90% with maximum wet
bulb temperature of 28°C (82°F)
and a minimum dew point of 2°C
(36°F), with no condensation

Non-operating
(storage/shipping)

8 to 95%, with no condensation

Altitude
Operating

2,438 meters (8,000 feet)

Non-operating

4,876 meters (16,000 feet)

Noise (closed office environment)

<5.2 Bels, idle
<5.7 Bels, seeking

Airflow

10 ft³/min (minimum)

1–26 General Information

2
Theory of Operation
Physical Description
In this Chapter

Overview

This chapter covers the following topics on RF31/31F, RF35/31T,
RF36, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs:
•

Physical descriptions

•

Head-disk assemblies (HDAs)

•

Functional descriptions

•

Firmware

•

Diagnostics and utilities

The ISE consists of two basic components:
•

An HDA that contains the disks and drive mechanisms

•

A printed circuit board called the drive module, which
contains the disk controller and drive electronics

The RF31 and RF31F ISEs use similar drive modules. The RF35
and RF31T ISEs use similar drive modules. The RF36 uses
a unique drive module. The RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs use
similar drive modules. The HDA is different for each ISE:
– RF31/RF31F ISE has 4 disks
– RF35/RF31T ISE has 7 disks
– RF36 ISE has 8 disks
– RF72 and RF73 ISEs each have 11 disks
– RF74 ISE has 13 disks

Theory of Operation 2–1

FRUs

Figure 2–1 shows the RF31/31F, RF72, RF73 and RF74 ISEs
with the field replaceable units (FRUs). The mechanics set
consists of the HDA, drive chassis, and shock mount assembly.
Note that the ISE for both the RF35/31T and the RF36 is a
single FRU.
Figure 2–1 RF31/31F and RF72/73/74 ISE Basic Components

MECHANICS
SET

DRIVE
MODULE

MECHANICS
SET

DRIVE
MODULE
MA-X0967-88
SHR_X1072_89_SCN

2–2 Theory of Operation

HDA

The HDA contains the:
•

Disks

•

Heads

•

Spindle motor

•

Rotary positioner

The RF31/31F HDA has four disks and eight heads. The
RF35/31T HDA has seven disks and fourteen heads. The RF36
HDA has eight disks and sixteen heads. The RF72 and RF73
HDAs each have eleven disks and twenty-two heads. The RF74
HDA has thirteen disks and twenty-six heads. Each ISE uses
an embedded digital servo for track following, so there is no
dedicated servo surface. All surfaces are used for user data
storage.

Theory of Operation 2–3

RF3x/RF7x
Comparison

The following table compares the amount of data storage among
the RF Series ISEs.

Usable data
surfaces (tracks)

ISE

Data tracks/surface
(cylinders/spindle)

Sectors per track

RF31

1,861

51 (50 data, 1 replacement)

RF31F

984

51 (50 data, 1 replacement)

RF35

2,086

58 (57 data, 1 replacement)

RF31T

933

58 (57 data, 1 replacement)

RF36

2,599

Band 0 - 54 (53 data, 1 replacement)
Band 1 - 72 (71 data, 1 replacement)
Band 2 - 81 (80 data, 1 replacement)
Band 3 - 108 (107 data, 1 replacement)

RF72

1,861

51 (50 data, 1 replacement)

RF72

1,861

51 (50 data, 1 replacement)

RF73

2,620

72 (71 data, 1 replacement)

3,058

Band 0 - Not used

RF74

Band 1 - 80 (79 data, 1 replacement)
Band 2 - 90 (89 data, 1 replacement)
Band 3 - 120 (119 data, 1 replacement)
1 The RF72 and RF73 ISEs use only 21 of 22 available disk surfaces and the RF74 ISE uses only 25 of

26 available disk surfaces. The surface with the most media defects is marked unusable at manufacture.
Although the unused surface varies from ISE to ISE, this fact is transparent to the user, the operating
system, and most utilities.

2–4 Theory of Operation

Drive Module

The drive module combines the functions of disk controller and
drive electronics onto a single, surface-mount-technology printed
circuit board.
Each drive module has a ready and a fault LED. The RF31/31F
drive module uses a green ready LED and a red fault LED. The
RF35/31T, RF36, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs use green ready
and amber fault LEDs surface mounted on the drive module.

Interfaces

Figure 2–2 shows the interfaces on the RF31 drive module and
Figure 2–3 shows the interfaces on the RF35 drive module.
Figure 2–2 RF31/RF31F Drive Module Interfaces

OCP
Power

Actuator and R/W

SIDE 1

Spindle
DSSI Bus
SHR_X1050B_89

Theory of Operation 2–5

Figure 2–3 RF35/RF31T Drive Module Interfaces
Bottom View of Drive Module

(Fault LED)

ROM

RAM

DSSI
Spindle

OCP
Connector

Disk Controller
Buffer

FLT

RDY
Servo

(Ready LED)

Power Connector

OCP
Connector

DSSI Connector
R/W

To HDA

To Spindle

2–6 Theory of Operation

Microprocessor

Interface
Functions

As shown in previous figures, each interface is a connector.
Table 2–1 describes the function of each RF31 drive module
interface.
Table 2–1 RF31/RF31F Interfaces
Interface

Description

Function

DSSI bus

50-pin flat cable connector

Connects ISE to
DSSI bus

Power

5-pin Molex connector

Connects +5V,
+12V, and POK to
ISE

OCP

10-pin flat cable connector

Connects ISE to
operator control
panel

Actuator and
R/W

34-pin flat cable connector that
mates to the flexible circuit strip
from the HDA

Connects ISE
to read/write
preamps and to
rotary positioner

Spindle

10-pin DIP connector that mates
to the HDA

Connects spindle
motor to drive
module

Theory of Operation 2–7

Table 2–2 describes the function of each RF35 drive module interface.
Table 2–2 RF35/RF31T Interfaces

2–8 Theory of Operation

Interface

Description

Function

DSSI bus

50-pin flat cable connector

Connects ISE to
DSSI bus

Power

5-pin Molex connector

Connects +5V,
+12V, and ACLO
to ISE

OCP

20-pin bulkhead connector

Connects ISE to
operator control
panel

Actuator and
R/W

22-pin connector

Connects ISE to
rotary positioner

Spindle

4-pin DIP connector that mates
to the HDA

Connects spindle
motor to drive
module

Functional Description
Drive Module
Electronics

To understand the drive module, think of it as being divided
into six major functional areas (Figures 2–4 and 2–5). Largescale integration is used extensively, so the function of an area
typically includes the function of one or a few of the chips in the
corresponding area.
Figure 2–4 RF31 Drive Module Electronics

Buffer
Spindle
Actuator

DSSI

Micro
R/W

SIDE 1

SHR_X1050A_89

Theory of Operation 2–9

Figure 2–5 RF35/RF31T Drive Module Electronics

Buffer
Servo
Spindle

Disk
Controller

DSSI
R/W
Micro

2–10 Theory of Operation

Divided Area
Functions

The following table describes the function of each divided area in
Figures 2–4 and 2–5.
Area

Function

Micro

The on-board intelligence resides here, in a
firmware driving an MC680x0 microprocessor
with static scratchpad RAM and nonvolatile RAM.

DSSI

A single chip (Swift) interfaces the Micro area to
the DSSI bus. It provides a queued-packet interface
to the Micro area, segregates data from commands,
and generates and checks error detection codes.

Buffer

A single chip acts as a 3-port RAM controller,
serving the static RAM as a data buffer and read
cache for the Micro, R/W, and DSSI areas. Most of
the digital R/W tasks, such as ECC generation and
checking, are also done by this chip.

Spindle

This circuitry manages the spin-up and speed
regulator.

Actuator

This circuitry activates active and passive controls
the rotary positioner uses to maintain the position
of the heads over a track.

R/W

This circuitry handles the remaining digital and
analog read/write chain.

Theory of Operation 2–11

Drive Module
Block Diagram

Figures 2–4 and 2–5 show how the drive module is laid out.
Figure 2–6 is a block diagram of the same module including
interfaces, areas, and functions.
Figure 2–6 Drive Module Block Diagram

ROM

RAM

EEROM

Microprocessor Bus
Spindle
BUDI
Spindle

Front
Panel

DISK

R/W

CONTROLLER
DSSI

Actuator

DSSI
Power
Buffer RAM

2–12 Theory of Operation

Flex
Connector

Data Flow

The microprocessor bus connects almost every functional area
(Figure 2–6). However, the microprocessor is not directly
involved with the data flow.
The buffer RAM collects and temporarily stores data. The disk
controller chip performs I/O operations using the R/W hardware.
Figure 2–7 shows the data flow.
Figure 2–7 Data Flow Through the Drive Module

ROM

RAM

EEROM

Microprocessor Bus
Spindle
BUDI

DISK

Front
Panel

CONTROLLER

Spindle
R/W

DSSI
DATA

Actuator

DSSI

Flex
Connector

Power
Buffer RAM
DATA FLOW

Theory of Operation 2–13

Data Protection

The following table describes how data is protected while
traveling through the drive module.
Stage

Description

The Swift chip in the DSSI area generates and checks
DSSI parity and error detection code (EDC).

Another EDC is generated and appended to each
512-byte block of data to protect the data in buffer
RAM.

This EDC travels with the data through the disk
controller chip, where the 264-bit ECC is generated
before the data is written to the media.

The block number where the data was written
is "added" to the Swift-generated EDC, further
protecting against media-addressing errors.

The ECC is checked as data is being read from the
media while the block number, where the data should
be located, is "subtracted" from the EDC.

The EDC is then checked after the DSSI parity and
EDC are generated by the DSSI area, as the data is
transmitted onto the DSSI bus.

2–14 Theory of Operation

Command Flow

Commands are segregated into packets by the DSSI area and
stored in the buffer RAM. The microprocessor then copies these
commands (typically 36 bytes or less) into its local RAM before it
acts on them.
As commands are completed, the process is reversed.
Figure 2–8 shows how commands are routed through the drive
module.
Figure 2–8 Command Flow Through the Drive Module

ROM

RAM

EEROM

Microprocessor Bus
C
O
BUDI
Front
Panel

Spindle

M
DISK
DATA

CONT.

M
A
N

Spindle
R/W

DSSI

Actuator

DSSI
Power
Buffer RAM

Flex
Connector

DATA FLOW

Theory of Operation 2–15

Command
Protection

The following table describes how commands are protected while
traveling through the drive module.
Stage

Description

On the DSSI bus, parity and EDC are appended to the
commands.

The Swift chip in the DSSI area checks and generates
DSSI parity and EDC.

The Swift chip generates an EDC to protect the
commands during their short stay in the buffer RAM.

The microprocessor copies the commands to its parityprotected scratchpad RAM, while EDC is generated.

After the copy is complete, the microprocessor
compares the EDC in the Micro area with the EDC
generated by Swift.

When commands are transmitted out to the DSSI
bus (such as the end packet for an I/O operation), the
process is reversed.

The EDC is generated by the BUDI chip when the
microprocessor copies the command to the buffer
RAM.

This EDC is checked by the Swift chip after it
generates the DSSI bus parity and EDC, as the
command is transmitted onto the DSSI bus.

2–16 Theory of Operation

Firmware
Introduction

The ISE is called an integrated storage element because the
drive, controller, and even some host functions are all integrated
into the same package.
Figure 2–9 shows the firmware structure that makes the
integration possible.
Figure 2–9 Firmware Structure

DSSI Bus

DSSI, CI, and SCS Layers
SCS$DSSI

MSCP Server with
Bad Block Replacement

Controller
Functions
DUP Server

Disk I/O, Including
ECC and Error Recovery

Front
Panel

Read/Write

Flex

Diagnostics and
Utilities

Host
Functions

Spindle

Drive
Functions

Actuator

Spindle

SHR_X1055_89

Theory of Operation 2–17

Firmware
Structure

Several aspects of the ISE firmware structure are not shown
in Figure 2–9. For example, a mini operating system runs the
multiple programs in the ISE. Most of the firmware is coded in
C, and a C run-time library is included.

Initialization

At initialization, power-on self-tests check the various chips
on the module, start the spin-up sequence, and so on. Periodic
diagnostics and calibrations adjust the servo and R/W systems
for changing conditions.

STATUS
THREADS
Command

The programs that run in the ISEs are displayed when you
access the PARAMS local program and type the STATUS
THREADS command.
The following is an example of such a display.
PARAMS>STATUS THREADS
Pid TCB Addr Process Name WQ Addr
0 FFFFB52C NULL
00000000
1 FF840C06 PERIODICS
FFFF9F74
65 FF8414A4 PRFMON
FFFFB57A
67 FF841544 DRVEXR
FF8415F4
68 FF841594 DRVTST
FF841544
69 FF8415E4 HISTRY
FF841594
70 FF841634 DIRECT
FF8415E4
71 FF841684 ERASE
FF841634
72 FF8416D4 VERIFY
FF841684
73 FF841724 DKUTIL
FF8416D4
74 FF841774 PARAMS
FFFFB582
2 FF841814 MSCP$DUP
FFFFA3E6
3 FF8420C8 SCS$DIRECTORY FFFFA516
5 FF8431AA MSCP$BBR
FFFFA3CA
6 FF8439FA PPT$DISK
FFFF8B7A
7 FF84424A SCS$DSSI
FFFF9FDE
8 FF8488CE MSCP$DISK
FFFFA17A

2–18 Theory of Operation

State Pri
CPU
RDY 255 0 00:06:49.46
BLK 254 0 00:00:16.10
IDL 130 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 124 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 121 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 118 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 115 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 112 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 109 0 00:00:00.00
IDL 106 0 00:00:00.00
CUR 103 0 00:00:03.54
TIM 28 0 00:00:01.17
BLK 25 0 00:00:00.07
BLK 19 0 00:00:00.00
BLK 16 0 00:00:01.37
BLK 13 0 00:00:02.09
BLK 10 0 00:00:00.00

Thread
Interfaces

The threads listed in the above example correspond to the
firmware layers shown in Figure 2–9. For instance, the DSSI,
CI, and SCS layers are implemented by the SCS$DSSI thread.
The SCS$DSSI thread interfaces the DSSI hardware to the
system applications (SYSAPs) that run in the ISE.

Communication
Services

For each application, SCS$DSSI provides communication
services to the other nodes on the bus. The two important
SYSAPs are directly beneath the SCS$DSSI in Figure 2–9: the
disk MSCP server described on the next page and the diagnostic
and utility protocol (DUP) server described in the Diagnostics
and Utilities section of this chapter.

MSCP Server

The MSCP server is implemented by the MSCP$DISK thread,
and the bad block replacement layer is implemented by the
MSCP$BBR thread.

Theory of Operation 2–19

Multihost
Server

The MSCP server is a multihost server because it can maintain
a command dialogue with multiple hosts at the same time.
I/O commands received from all hosts are combined to form a
seek-ordered list of commands.
Figure 2–10 shows a multihost server.
Figure 2–10 Multihost Server
VAX/VMS CPU 2

VAX/VMS CPU 1

MSCP
Class
Driver

DSSI Bus

MSCP
Server

Read 1
Seek Ordered
List from
All Hosts

Read 1
Write 2
Read 1
Write 2

ISE
SHR_X1056A_93

2–20 Theory of Operation

Seek Ordering

A seek-ordered list of commands determines the order of
command execution that minimizes the amount of time the
drives spend seeking. Since seek time is typically the largest
component of the total access time, seek ordering improves
overall performance.

Request
Fragmentation

To minimize the effects of rotational latency, the disk I/O
firmware uses request fragmentation. Request fragmentation
works by cutting up a long transfer into smaller pieces, and
then completing the smaller pieces optimally. Although access to
data on the disk is serial, DSSI provides random access to buffer
memory.

Example
Fragmentation

Assume, for example, that a full track read is issued to the
ISE. The request is broken up into fragments (Figure 2–11).
Each fragment is delivered to the host as it is read, so that the
apparent rotational latency is only .07 revolutions, as opposed to
the expected .50 revolutions.
Figure 2–11 Request Fragmentation

Order of Filling
Application Buffer
2
3
1 Filled 4th
1

Arrive
on

1.07

Sector
0

Revolutions

Track

2 Filled 5th
3 Filled 6th
4 Filled 7th
5 Filled 1st

7
5

6 Filled 2nd
7 Filled 3rd

SHR_X1058A_89

Theory of Operation 2–21

Read Cache

To further reduce latency, the disk I/O firmware manages a
multitrack read cache. After a request is satisfied, the sectors on
the current track are read into one of the track lines in the cache
unless a new command preempts this read operation. If the
firmware detects that contiguous blocks are being read, the next
track is also preread. Write requests try to disturb the cache as
little as possible by using the least recently used (LRU) track
line(s).

RCT Caching

The MSCP server caches the entire replacement control
table (RCT). The RCT contains the list of bad blocks and the
replacement block numbers (RBNs) that hold the data for each
bad block in the list. In the past, tertiary replacements (those
made to an RBN not on the track of the defective LBN) caused
the controller to seek to the RCT to locate the RBN.
With RCT caching, the performance impact of tertiary revectors
is greatly reduced (Figure 2–12).
Figure 2–12 RCT is Cached in Controller RAM

RBNs

Bad
LBN

RCT

Without RCT Caching

Bad
LBN

RCT

With RCT Caching
SHR_X1057_89

2–22 Theory of Operation

Sector Format and Error Handling
Introduction

The PPT$DISK also implements many other functions including
error recovery and ECC correction.

Disk Sector
Format

The format of each disk sector (Figure 2–13) helps explain error
handling.
Figure 2–13 RF31 Sector Format

Header (16)

Servo (4)

Data (512)

ECC (33)

Head, Track, Sector
( four copies )

Flags (1) LTN0 (1)*

EDC (2)

* Used on RF31/31F only

Forced Error

Type of Block

(LBN, XBM, etc.)

Theory of Operation 2–23

Sector Header
Process

The following table lists the stages of the sector header process.
Stage

Description

Each sector header has four copies of its address
(head, track, and sector number).

Firmware instructs the disk controller chip to match
three out of four copies prior to a read or write
operation.

If the header compare fails on a write operation, the
block is replaced.

If the header compare fails to match three copies on a
read operation, it attempts to match two copies.

Once the data is recovered, the block is replaced.

Note that the header is read only and represents the
physical address of the block.

2–24 Theory of Operation

R/W Portion of
Block

The read/write portion of the block starts with the four-byte
Flags field, then contains the customer data in 512 bytes, and
ends with a 33-byte ECC field.

Flags Field

The flags byte contains the forced error indicator and the type of
block. The forced error indicator is a bad data mark. It means
that the data is logically ‘‘bad’’ even though the sector it resides
in may be defect-free.

LTN0 Field

The LTN0 (RF31/31F only) field is used to compensate for
head and track scatter. The heads on the head stack are not
aligned above one another. In fact, the tracks themselves are
not aligned above one another. (See Figure 2–14.) The value in
the LTN0 byte is the physical track number of the head that is
directly above or below the LTN0 track for all other heads. (See
Figure 2–15.)

EDC Field

The value in the EDC field is what is generated by the Swift chip
when the data arrives over the DSSI bus with the block address
‘‘added’’ to it. This value is checked when the data is sent to the
host.

ECC Field

ECC is one of the error recovery mechanisms. ECC covers both
Flags and Data fields and can correct up to 15 bytes in a single
sector. However, a much lower error threshold (number of bytes
in error in the sector) causes the block to be replaced to ensure
that plenty of correction capability remains in the ECC.

Theory of Operation 2–25

Head and
Track Scatter
Compensation

Figure 2–14 illustrates head and track scatter compensation in
the LTN0 field used in the RF31/31F only.
Figure 2–14 Head and Track Scatter Compensation

Logical Track Zero (LTN0) Corrects This:
Head Stack

Track N

HUB

Heads Are Not
Aligned Above
Each Other

Tracks Are Not
Aligned Above
Each Other
SHR_X1060_89

2–26 Theory of Operation

LTN0 Track
Reference Point

To improve performance and retain the concept of a cylinder (a
vertically aligned set of tracks), the RF31/31F defines a track
reference point for each head. The value in the LTN0 byte is
the physical track number of the head that is directly above or
below the LTN0 track for all other heads. This LTN0 track is the
reference point for each surface (Figure 2–15).
Figure 2–15 On-Disk Format Anchored at LTN0 on Each
Surface (RF31/31F)

LTN 0

FCT or RCT

LBNs
DBNs

Landing Zone

HUB

SHR_X1061_89

Theory of Operation 2–27

Diagnostics and Utilities
Introduction

The rectangle labeled Diagnostics and Utilities in Figure 2–9
represents those user-accessible programs that run under the
diagnostic and utility protocol (DUP) server. These programs are
listed later in this section, and are described in greater detail.

POST

The other diagnostic program that runs at system initialization
is called power-on self-test (POST). The POST firmware tests the
hardware on the drive module and in the HDA, and achieves
almost complete coverage.

POST Coverage

The only hardware not verified by the POST is a small part of
the DSSI area (shaded part of Figure 2–16). This part of the
module is verified by the ISE’s ability to communicate with the
host.
Figure 2–16 POST Coverage (RF31 shown)

SIDE 1

SHR_X1062_89

2–28 Theory of Operation

POST
Verifications

POST, and the diagnostics and calibrations that run after head
load, verify:
•

That each head in the HDA works

•

That the drive can seek across all tracks

•

That each head can read and write correctly

Once POST has run successfully, you need only access the drive
over the DSSI bus to achieve full diagnostic coverage.

After POST

After POST runs, the diagnostic tasks are picked up by the
PERIODICS thread and by the DUP server (MSCP$DUP
thread). The PERIODICS thread invokes POST diagnostics
and runs calibrations on the drive periodically. This process is
automatic, running as the lowest priority thread in the system.

DUP Server

You can think of the DUP server as a window into the ISEresident diagnostic and utility programs. Like the MSCP
server, the DUP server is a multihost server, allowing several
diagnostic and utility programs to run in the ISE at the same
time (Figure 2–17). The RF31, RF35, RF36, RF72, RF73, and
RF74 ISEs include nine diagnostic and utility programs.

Theory of Operation 2–29

Figure 2–17 Multihost DUP Server
VAX/VMS CPU 1

VAX/VMS CPU 2

DUP
Class
Driver

DSSI Bus

DUP
Server

ERASE
PARAMS

ISE

2–30 Theory of Operation

Diagnostic
and Utility
Programs

The nine diagnostic and utility programs resident in each ISE
can be broken down into three categories:
•

Management utilities

•

Diagnostics

•

System-level utilities

Figure 2–18 shows how the programs are categorized.
Figure 2–18 Diagnostics and Utilities

Diagnostics
VERIFY
DRVTST
DRVEXR

PRFMON
DKUTIL

DIRECT
HISTRY

ERASE
(MDM Use)
PARAMS
System Utilities
Management Utilities
SHR_X1064_89

Theory of Operation 2–31

Program
Descriptions

The following table briefly describes each program.
Category

Program

Description

Management
utilities

PARAMS

A SYSGEN-like parameter editor
and interactive query utility used to
view ISE and DSSI bus status.

HISTRY

An abbreviated version of a portion
of PARAMS. HISTRY is used by
host-level software such as MDM.

DIRECT

A directory program, output only,
that lists the available diagnostic
and utility programs.

PRFMON

An abbreviated version of a portion
of PARAMS. PRFMON can be used
by host-level software such as the
VAX performance analyzer (VPA).

DRVEXR

A comprehensive drive exerciser.

DRVTST

A quick pass/fail test of the drive.

VERIFY

A complete read check of the disk
and verification of the DSDF1 ondisk structure.

ERASE

A data ‘‘scrubber’’ utility that writes
alternating patterns to each LBN,
including the second sector of the
RCT and the previous locations of
the bad blocks, and then verifies that
the scrubbing process succeeded.

DKUTIL

An interactive block display and
replace utility. Typically used to
confirm ERASE scrubbing.

Diagnostics

System-level
utilities

1 DEC Standard Device Format specification

2–32 Theory of Operation

Detecting
Errors

The ISE makes errors visible in a variety of ways. Knowing
where to look for errors helps you to communicate with Digital
Customer Services personnel.
If the controller portion of the ISE is not functioning, the fault
LED on the drive module and the fault LED on the operator
control panel turn on (Figure 2–19). Also, the ISE is not visible
on the DSSI bus. The failing component, in this case, is the
drive module itself, because it houses the controller electronics.
Figure 2–19 Location of the Fault LEDs (RF31 Shown)
B A 400- S E R I E S OC P
( E X C E P T R F31T/ R F35/ R F36)

B A 2 0 0 - SE R I E S OC P

DRIVE
FAULT
LEDS

FAULT
LED

B A 400-S E R I E S OC P
( R F31T/ R F35/ R F36 ON LY )

FAULT
LED

FLT

RDY

RF31

FAULT
LED

12 3

D R I V E MOD U LE
SHR-X0059A-93

Theory of Operation 2–33

Detecting
Errors Using
PARAMS

If the controller portion of the ISE passes diagnostics but the
unit portion does not, the fault LED still turns on. However,
(because the controller is operational), the ISE is visible on
the DSSI bus and can be queried to further resolve the error
condition. At this point, the fault may be within the unit
electronics or the HDA.

Error Codes

To obtain an error code, use the PARAMS utility program as
shown in the following example.
PARAMS> STAT CONF
Node R1WSRA is an RF31 controller
Software RFX X200 built on 8-AUG-1989 03:38:51
Electronics module name is EN83804656
Unit is inoperative, error code 9802(X)
Last known unit failure 9802(X)
In 1275 power-on hours, power has cycled 767 times
System time is 19-AUG-1989 18:13:33
In the example, the unit error code is 9802(X). This is also shown
as the last known error (stored in nonvolatile RAM). These error
codes are defined in the service guide. Your Customer Services
representative uses them to determine the field replaceable unit
(FRU) most likely to have failed.

Fatal Error

The errors described above are usually fatal. That is, once the
error occurs, the fault LED stays on and the ISE is not usable
until the error condition is corrected.

2–34 Theory of Operation

Transient
Errors

Transient errors, however, can also occur. For example, a bit in
RAM can flip, or an address collision can occur on the DSSI bus.
The most recent transient errors (up to 11) are kept in a log in
nonvolatile RAM, which is accessible though the PARAMS utility
program.

Error History

To access this error history, use the STAT LOG command as
shown in the following example.
PARAMS> STAT LOG
Log History:
Log #000-2B-73-07/0000 21-AUG-1989 13:22:04
FFFF8450 FFFFB354 4E554E55 4E554E55 4E554E55 4E554E55 4E554E55 0000AA01
FF80C1B0 FF80C1B0 000029F6 4E554E55 FF817D5E FFFF83BE 4E554E55 FFFF96BC
5CABF380 009239C1 00002EA0
The primary users of the error history are module repair
personnel. The error history may also serve as an indication
to Customer Services personnel that the system is configured
incorrectly or that the drive module should be replaced.

Theory of Operation 2–35

Detecting Soft Errors
Introduction

Soft errors may be caused by external environmental factors
(for instance, temperature or shock) or errors that are expected
to occur throughout the lifetime of the product (such as an
infrequent bad block replacement). These errors are reported in
MSCP error logs.

MSCP Error
Logs

MSCP error logs are displayed by the error log report generators
of many different operating systems. These logs are analyzed by
the VAXsimPLUS program to predict failures.

Error Log
Summary

The ISE produces three kinds of error logs, as summarized in
the following table.
MSCP Error Log

Reason Generated

Read/Write Error Log

Any failure to read or write (above
certain thresholds).

Bad Block Replacement
Summary

Any time a read/write error log is
generated, this log summarizes the
attempt to replace the ‘‘bad’’ block.

Servo Performance Warning

If, during the past hour, the servo
system suffered more than its threshold
of performance hits.

2–36 Theory of Operation

Soft Errors not
Reported

Certain soft errors are not reported in logs. For example, a single
symbol (byte) error on a read is corrected, but not reported.
The threshold for reporting an error (and replacing the block)
in the case of an ECC error on a read command is three. This
means that until three or more symbols are corrected in a block,
the block is not replaced. Three symbols in error is well within
the safety margin of the ECC. The ECC can correct up to 15
symbols in error in a single block.

Theory of Operation 2–37

3
Controls and Indicators
Introduction
In this Chapter

OCP

This chapter describes the controls and indicators associated
with ISE operation. The controls and indicators are located in
two places:
•

Operator control panel on the system enclosure

•

ISE drive module

The operator control panel (OCP) is a set of controls on the
enclosure that overrides the ISE’s switches or jumpers and
enables the operator to set the DSSI node ID and write-protect
mode for the ISE.1 The OCP also contains a fault LED that
indicates if the ISE is malfunctioning.
The following table compares the OCPs in the BA200 and BA400
series enclosures.
In the ...

an OCP ...

BA200 series enclosures

contains three identical sets of controls
and indicators, one set for each ISE
that may be connected to it.

BA400 series enclosures

is contained on each ISE and is
mounted on a panel in front of the
ISE.

There are no controls for 3½-inch devices in BA400 series enclosures.
Write protect is accomplished through software commands.

Controls and Indicators 3–1

BA200 Series Controls and Indicators
OCP

The BA200 series enclosures each have a standard DSSI OCP.
Figure 3–1 shows controls and indicators on the OCP.
Figure 3–1 BA200 Series DSSI Operator Control Panel

LEFT POWER
SUPPLY

RIGHT POWER
SUPPLY

TO BACK PLANE

10-PIN
TO RFO

DRIVE SELECT
PLUGS

DRIVE FAULTS
(RED)
WRITE-PROTECT
BUTTONS

10-PIN
TO RF1

READY
BUTTONS

SYSTEM DC
OK (GREEN)

10-PIN
TO RF2

RESTART

CPU HALT
MA-X0965-88
SHR_X1053_88_SCN

3–2 Controls and Indicators

OCP Controls

The following table describes the function of the three drive
controls on the BA200 series DSSI operator control panel.
Control

Status

Function

Drive Select
Plug

Installed

Sets the DSSI node ID to the
number specified on the plug. A
drive select plug must be installed
for every ISE connected to the
OCP.

Removed

Causes a fault condition. The drive
fault LED flashes at 10 Hz. DSSI
node ID is undefined.

Out

Enables the system to read
and write to the media (normal
operating position).

Causes the system to be writelocked, the system can only read
from the media.

Out

Puts the ISE on line (normal
operating position).

Puts the ISE off line.

Write-Protect
Button

Ready Button

Controls and Indicators 3–3

OCP Indicators

The following table gives the meaning of each indicator on the
BA200 series DSSI operator control panel.
Indicator

Status

Meaning

Fault LED

Fault condition present (except
during POST).

Off

No fault present (normal
operating condition).

Slow flash
(5 Hz)

Internal ISE calibrations are
being performed.

Quick flash
(10 Hz)

OCP failure, or drive select plug
is missing.

Write-protect enabled.

Off

Write-protect disabled.

ISE is on line and ready.

Off

ISE is off line.

Flashing

Drive is active.

Write-Protect
LED

Ready LED

3–4 Controls and Indicators

BA400 Series Controls and Indicators
OCP

Each ISE installed in a BA400 series enclosure has a front panel
with the following controls and indicators.
•

DSSI bus node ID plug

•

Fault LED

•

Write-protect button (not for RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE)

•

Run/Ready button (not for RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE)

Figure 3–2 shows two different front panels for the BA400 series
enclosure.
Figure 3–2 BA400 Series OCP for DSSI ISEs

Run/Ready
Button
Write-Protect
Button

Bus Node
ID Plugs

Bus Node
ID Plug

Fault
Indicator

Fault Indicator
Run/Ready
Indicator

MLO-007175

Controls and Indicators 3–5

Control and
Indicator
Functions

The following table describes the function of the controls and
indicators on the BA400 series DSSI operator control panel.
Control

Status

Function

Fault LED

Indicates an error condition within
the ISE.

Off

Indicates an error-free condition
within the ISE.

In (on)

The ISE is on line. When the ISE is
available for use, the green LED is
on. When the ISE is being used, the
green LED flashes.

Out (off)

The ISE is off line and cannot be
accessed. The green LED cannot be
on when the Run/Ready button is
out.

In (on)

The ISE is write-protected. System
software cannot write to the ISE.

Out (off)

The ISE is not write-protected. This
is the normal position for software
operation. System software is free to
read or write to the ISE.

Run/Ready
Button1

Write-Protect
Button1

1 Button not present on RF35/RF31T or RF36 OCP. Refer to RF35/RF31T and

RF36 Write-Protection.

3–6 Controls and Indicators

RF35/RF31T
and RF36
Write-Protection

In a BA400 series enclosure . . .
You may want to write-protect an ISE containing sensitive data
you do not want changed or accidentally erased.
Your system disk (the ISE containing system software) and ISEs
containing work areas for users should be write-enabled, the
normal operating setting.
For the RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISE, you set write-protection
through VMS commands or through firmware commands in
console mode. This is explained later in this section. The BA400
series OCP for the RF35/RF31T and RF36 does not have a
write-protect button.
Software Write-Protect for RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISEs
Software write-protect is available through VMS using the
MOUNT utility with the /NOWRITE qualifier.
To software write-protect an ISE, enter the following DCL
command from the VMS operating system.

MOUNT <device_name> <volume_label>/SYSTEM/NOWRITE
Where:
<device_name> is the device name, as shown using the VMS
DCL command SHOW DEVICE DI, and <volume_label> is the
volume label for the device. For example,

$ MOUNT $1$DIA1 OMEGA/SYSTEM/NOWRITE
will software write-protect device $1$DIA1.
Dismounting, and then remounting the device (without using the
/NOWRITE qualifier), will write-enable the device.

Controls and Indicators 3–7

Use the VMS DCL command SHOW DEVICE DI to check the
protection status of the drive. A write-protected drive will
show a device status of ‘‘Mounted wrtlck’’. Refer to your VMS
documentation for more information on using the MOUNT
utility.
Caution
When you dismount, and then mount the device again, it
is no longer write-protected.

Hardware Write-Protect for RF35/RF31T and RF36 ISEs
Hardware write-protect provides a more permanent writeprotection than software write-protect. Once you hardware
write-protect an RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE, the ISE remains
write-protected regardless of the availability of the operating
system or the state of system power.
In addition, hardware write-protect cannot be removed using the
MOUNT command. Hardware write-protect simply provides the
same degree of write-protection available to RF series ISEs with
write-protect buttons.
Consider hardware write-protecting an RF35/RF31T or RF36
ISE in the following situations:
•

If you want to write-protect an RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE
when the VMS operating system is unavailable, such as
before running the MicroVAX Diagnostic Monitor (MDM).

•

If you want to ensure that an RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE
remains write-protected, since the hardware write-protect
cannot be removed using the VMS command MOUNT and
will remain in effect even if the operating system is brought
down.

3–8 Controls and Indicators

You can hardware write-protect an RF35/RF31T or RF36 ISE
from VMS or through firmware commands entered at the console
prompt (>>>). Use the following instructions:
1. Access the Diagnostic and Utility Program (DUP) driver for
the device you want to write-protect.
•

To access the DUP driver from console mode:
a. Enter console mode by pressing the halt button or
powering up the system with the break enable/disable
switch set to enable (up, position 1).
Caution

Halting your system without following the shutdown
procedure described in your system software manuals
may result in loss of data.

b. Access the DUP driver by setting host to the specific
device you want to write-protect.
Use the following command for embedded DSSI:

SET HOST/DUP/DSSI/BUS: <bus_number>
<node_number> PARAMS
Where:
<bus_number> is the DSSI bus number (0 or 1),
and <node_number> is the bus node ID (0–6) for the
device on the bus (bus number and node number are
listed in the SHOW DSSI display).
Use the following command for KFQSA-based DSSI:

SET HOST/DUP/UQSSP/DISK <controller_number> PARAMS
Where:
<controller_number> is the controller number (listed
in the SHOW UQSSP display) for the device on the
bus.

Controls and Indicators 3–9

•

To access the DUP driver from VMS:
a. Connect to the DUP and load its driver using the
VMS System Generation Utility (SYSGEN) as shown
below:
$ MCR SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT/NOADAPTER FYA0
SYSGEN> EXIT
$
b. Access the DUP driver by setting host to the specific
device you want to write-protect. Use the following
command:

SET HOST/DUP/SERVER=MSCP$DUP/TASK=PARAMS <node_name>
Where:
<node_name> is the device node name (the node
name, in parentheses, is listed in the SHOW
DEVICE DI display).
2. At the PARAMS> prompt, enter SET WRT_PROT 1 to write-protect
the ISE to which you are currently connected.
Note
To verify that you have set host to the intended drive,
you can enter the command LOCATE at the PARAMS>
prompt. The LOCATE command causes the drive’s fault
indicator to flash momentarily.

3–10 Controls and Indicators

3. Enter SHOW WRT_PROT to verify the WRT_PROT parameter is
set to 1.
4. After you have finished setting and examining the WRT_
PROT device parameter, enter the WRITE command at the
PARAMS> prompt to save the device parameter. The change is
recorded in nonvolatile memory.
5. Enter the EXIT command at the PARAMS> prompt to exit the
DUP driver utility for the specified device.
Example 3–1 shows how to set hardware write-protect through
firmware. Example 3–2 shows how to set hardware write-protect
through VMS.
Example 3–1 Setting Hardware Write-Protection Through
Firmware
>>>SET HOST/DUP/DSSI/BUS:0 1 PARAMS
Starting DUP server...
Copyright (c) 1992 Digital Equipment Corporation
PARAMS>SET WRT_PROT 1
PARAMS>WRITE
PARAMS>SHOW WRT_PROT
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- ---------------- ---------------- -------- ----WRT_PROT
1
0 Boolean
0/1
PARAMS>EXIT
Exiting...
Stopping DUP server...
>>>

Controls and Indicators 3–11

Example 3–2 Setting Hardware Write-Protection Through VMS
$ MCR SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT/NOADAPTER FYA0
SYSGEN> EXIT
$ SET HOST/DUP/SERVER=MSCP$DUP/TASK=PARAMS R35F3C
Starting DUP server...
Copyright (c) 1992 Digital Equipment Corporation
PARAMS>SET WRT_PROT 1
PARAMS>WRITE
PARAMS>SHOW WRT_PROT
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- ---------------- ---------------- -------- ----WRT_PROT
1
0 Boolean
0/1
PARAMS>EXIT
Exiting...
Stopping DUP server...
$
To remove hardware write-protection, repeat the procedure but
set the WRT_PROT value to 0.
You can verify that the device is write-protected while running
VMS. When you issue the VMS DCL command SHOW DEVICE
DI, a write-protected drive will show a device status of ‘‘Mounted
wrtlck’’. If you issue the VMS command SHOW DEVICE/FULL,
a write-protected drive will be listed as ‘‘software write-locked’’.
Note
You cannot remove hardware write-protection using the
VMS MOUNT utility.

3–12 Controls and Indicators

SF7x Enclosure Controls and Indicators
OCP

Each ISE in the SF7x storage enclosure is represented by an
icon on the door located on the OCP. Each set of controls and
indicators is dedicated to one of the four storage compartments
in the enclosure (Figure 3–3).
Figure 3–3 SF7x Controls and Indicators
DSSI ID
SELECT

TERMINATOR
POWER

digi tal

Write
Ready Protect Fault

DSSI
ID

Write
Ready Protect Fault

SHR_X1128A_93

MSCP
ENABLE

SPLIT
BUS

Controls and Indicators 3–13

Control and
Indicator
Functions

The following table describes the functions of the controls and
indicators on the SF7x enclosure DSSI OCP.
Control/Indicator

Color

Function

Ready

Green

Turns on when ISE
is on line and read
/write ready.

Fault

Red

Turns on when fault
is detected.

DSSI Node ID

Green

Displays ISE DSSI
node ID.

Write Protect

Yellow

Commands writeprotect mode.
Shows write-protect
enabled.

Terminator Power

Green

On when terminator
power is being
supplied.

Split Bus

Green

On when enclosure
is in split bus mode.

DSSI Node ID Select

N/A

3 bits, selects DSSI
node ID number.

MSCP Enable/Disable

N/A

1 bit, enables or
disables the ISE
MSCP server.

DC power switches (4)

Green

Apply dc power to
ISE. Show power
status.

3–14 Controls and Indicators

Changing the DSSI Node ID Plugs (BA200 and BA400 Series
OCPs)
Spare Plugs

Spare DSSI node ID plugs are supplied with your system. Use
these spare plugs to renumber your DSSI system when you:
•

Need to reconfigure because you add or remove ISEs

•

Create a multihost configuration

Removal

The DSSI node ID plugs have prongs on the back that indicate
the bus node number (and by default, the unit number) of the
ISE. To remove a DSSI node ID plug, grasp it firmly and pull it
straight out.

Insertion

To insert a new plug, align the two center prongs with the two
center slots and press the plug into the slots.

Renumbering
ISEs

Use the following rules to renumber your ISEs:
•

For each DSSI bus, do not use duplicate DSSI node IDs.

•

By convention, ISEs are numbered in increasing order from
right to left and top to bottom.

•

Use a blank DSSI node ID plug where no ISE is present.
Note
If you change the bus node ID plugs while the system is
operating, you must turn off the system and then turn it
back on for the new plug positions to take effect.

Controls and Indicators 3–15

ISE Controls and Indicators
Description

The RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs each have two LEDs
and a DIP switchpack containing three switches mounted on the
edge of the drive module. The RF35/31T, and RF36 ISEs each
have two LEDs and an options connector mounted on the edge
of the drive module. Jumpers are inserted into this connector.
On the RF35/31T and RF36 ISE, this connector is located at the
opposite end of the DSSI connector. On the RF72, RF73, RF74
and RF31/31F ISEs, this connector is located next to the power
connector.
The switches (on the RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs)
and option connector (on the RF35/31T and RF36 ISEs) provide
a means of setting the DSSI node ID if an OCP is not connected
to the drive, or if the OCP fails.
The following two LEDs indicate drive status:
•

Ready LED

•

Fault LED

Figure 3–4 shows the location of the switches and LEDs on the
drive module for the RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 ISEs.

3–16 Controls and Indicators

Figure 3–4 RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 Drive Module
Switch and LED Locations

FLT

RDY

RF31

FAULT
LED
READY
LED

12 3

DSSI
NODE ID
SWITCHES
MA-X0967-88
SHR_X1065_89

Figure 3–5 shows the location of the options connector and LEDs
on the drive module for the RF35/31T and RF36 ISEs.

Controls and Indicators 3–17

Figure 3–5 RF35/31T and RF36 Drive Module Options
Connector and LED Locations

FRONT VIEW OF A RF35/36 DISK DRIVE

Remote Panel
2

Fault LED
Ready LED

0 1 2
DSSI ID

REAR VIEW OF A RF35/RF36 DISK DRIVE

50
2
1

DSSI Interface Connector
49

Power
5
1

RF3x_front_back−rags

3–18 Controls and Indicators

Assigning DSSI
Node ID

Assignment of the DSSI node ID is done by setting the three
switches to the binary equivalent of the selected ID number, as
shown in the following tables. These switches are ignored when
an OCP is connected to the ISE.
Table 3–1 RF31/31F, RF72, RF73, and RF74 DSSI IDs
DSSI Node ID
Address
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
72

Switch Positions1
1
2

Down
Down
Down
Down
Up
Up
Up
Up

Down
Up
Down
Up
Down
Up
Down
Up

Down
Down
Up
Up
Down
Down
Up
Up

1 Up is toward the HDA, down is toward the module.
2 DSSI address 7 is normally assigned to a host adapter.

Table 3–2 RF35/31T and RF36 DSSI IDs
DSSI Node ID
Address
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
72

Jumper1
1

Out
Out
Out
Out
In
In
In
In

Out
Out
In
In
Out
Out
In
In

Out
In
Out
In
Out
In
Out
In

1 In = inserted, Out = removed.
2 DSSI address 7 is normally assigned to a host adapter.

Controls and Indicators 3–19

Drive Module
LEDs

The two LEDs mounted on the drive module monitor ISE status
during operation. The following table describes the state of these
two LEDs during the various phases of ISE operation.

When . . .

The green LED
is . . .

And the
Fault LED
is . . .

The ISE is first powered up

POST has run successfully

Off

The read/write heads are on
cylinder and ready

Off

The drive is active

Flashing

Off

A read/write or serious physical
error is detected

Off

3–20 Controls and Indicators

4
Local Programs
Accessing Local Programs
In this Chapter

Overview

This chapter covers the following topics:
•

Accessing local programs through VMS, from the console,
and through MDM

•

Local programs that can be accessed

Local programs are diagnostics and utilities internal to the ISE.
They are accessed in one of the following three ways, depending
on the system you are using.
To access local programs ...

See page

Through VMS, using the SET HOST command,

4-3

From the console, using the SET HOST command,

4-4

Through MDM, using the Device Resident Programs
menu,

4-6

Local Programs 4–1

Once a connection is established, operations are performed under
the control of the local program. The following is a list of local
programs found in this chapter:
Programs

See page

DIRECT

4-7

DRVEXR

4-8

DRVTST

4-10

HISTRY

4-12

ERASE

4-13

VERIFY

4-16

DKUTIL

4-22

PARAMS

4-39

When the program ends, control is returned to the system. To
abort the program and return control to the system, press Ctrl/C
or Ctrl/Y .

4–2 Local Programs

Using VMS

To access a local program from a MicroVAX system running VMS
version 5.3-2 or later, the command is:
$ SET HOST/DUP/SERVER=MSCP$DUP/TASK=taskname nodename
Where:
taskname = name of the local program
nodename = node name of the ISE
Names and descriptions of the local programs are provided later
in this chapter. To find the node name of an ISE, type SHOW
DEVICES or SHOW CLUSTER at the $ prompt and press
Return .
To produce a file in your directory of what appears on the screen,
add the qualifier /log=filename.ext (where filename.ext is what
you want to name the file) before you press Return .

Local Programs 4–3

Using Console
Commands

Some systems allow you to access the local programs using
console commands. The command you use depends on whether
your system uses a Q–bus adapter like the KFQSA module, or
an embedded adapter such as the KA640 module.

Q–bus
Adapters

To access a local program from a system with a Q–bus adapter,
the command is:
>>> SET HOST/UQSSP/DUP/DISK # taskname

Where:
taskname = name of the local program
# = controller number of the ISE
To find the controller number, type SHOW UQSSP at the console
prompt (>>>). An example of the SHOW UQSSP command is:
>>> show uqssp
UQSSP Disk Controller 0 (772150)
-DUA0 (RF31)
UQSSP Disk Controller 1 (760334)
-DUB1 (RF31)
UQSSP Disk Controller 2 (760340)
-DUC2 (RF31)
UQSSP Tape Controller 0 (774500)
-MUA0 (TK70)
>>>

4–4 Local Programs

Embedded
Adapters

To access a local program from a system with an embedded
adapter, the command is:
>>> SET HOST/DUP/DSSI/BUS:n #
Where:
n = bus number where the ISE is located
# = DSSI node number of the ISE
The system prompts you for the name of the local program you
want to run.
To find the DSSI node number and node name, type SHOW DSSI
at the >>> prompt. To see a list of the devices on the Q–bus,
type SHOW QBUS or SHOW UQSSP at the >>> prompt.
To abort the program and return control to the system, press
Ctrl/C or Ctrl/Y .

Local Programs 4–5

Using MDM

If neither VMS nor console commands are available on your
system, you can run local programs using MDM. Use the
following procedure:
1. Boot MDM.
2. Enter the date and time.
3. Select the menus in the following order:
•

Service menu

•

Device menu

•

KFQSAA-KFQSA subsystem menu

•

Device Utilities menu

•

Device Resident Programs menu

When you select the Device Resident Programs menu, the
following is displayed:
RUNNING A UTILITY SERVICE TEST
To halt the test at any time and return to the previous menu,
type CTRL-C by holding down the CTRL key and pressing the C key.
KFQSAA started.
KFQSAA pass 1 test number 3 started.
Copyright 1988 Digital Equipment Corporation
Completed.
EXIT
DRVEXR
HISTRY
ERASE
DIRECT
DKUTIL
VERIFY

DRVTST
PARAMS
PRFMON

Please choose a local program or press <RETURN> to continue.

4. Type in the name of the local program you want to run
and press Return . For information about the available local
programs, refer to the program descriptions on the following
pages.
5. To exit MDM, press the Break key.

4–6 Local Programs

Local Programs
Overview

The rest of the chapter describes the local programs you can
access.

DIRECT
Description

DIRECT provides a directory of local programs resident in the
ISE.

Example

The following is an example of what is displayed when you run
the DIRECT program.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
PRFMON
V1.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
DRVEXR
V2.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
DRVTST
V2.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
HISTRY
V1.1 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
DIRECT
V1.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
ERASE
V2.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
VERIFY
V1.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
DKUTIL
V1.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
PARAMS
V2.0 D
21-AUG-1989 13:39:09
Total of 9 programs.

Local Programs 4–7

DRVEXR
Description

DRVEXR is a diagnostic that applies several types of stress to
the ISE.
You access DRVEXR the same way you access other local
programs. Once a connection is established, the user is prompted
to answer a series of questions. The responses determine the
mode and test duration.

Stopping
DRVEXR

4–8 Local Programs

To stop DRVEXR in progress, press Ctrl/C , Ctrl/Y , or Ctrl/Z . When
DRVEXR stops, a short report is printed.

Dialogue

To run DRVEXR, you must respond to the following dialogue
messages first:
Message

Explanation

No response is expected.

Write/read anywhere on the
medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Do you want to write to the media?

User data will be corrupted.
Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)]
(This question is omitted if
you typed 0 to answer the
previous question.)

Do you really want to overwrite
existing data on the media?

Test time in minutes?
[(10)-100]

Your response determines the length of
the test, in minutes.

Number of sectors to transfer
at a time? [0 - 50]

Your response determines the length of
each I/O issued. If you type 0, this is a
seek-only test.

Compare after each transfer?
[1=Yes/(0=No)]
(This question is omitted if
you typed 0 to answer the
previous question.)

Your response determines whether the
processor ‘‘manually’’ compares the
results of the read with the expected
data (if writing is enabled) or the
hardware does the compares after each
read.

Test the DBN area?
[2=DBN only/(1=DBN and
LBN)/0=LBN only]:

Your response determines how to
include the DBN area in the test. If
you type 2, the test always includes
writes, even if you answered the first
question with 0.

Local Programs 4–9

DRVEXR Modes

Mode/Dialogue
Relationship

DRVEXR can be run in one of the following modes, depending on
your responses to the dialogue questions:
Mode

Function

Read/Write

Writes and reads as many blocks as possible in
the given amount of time.

Data Integrity

Similar to Read/Write mode, but with a ‘‘manual’’
check of data buffers done by the ISE processor.

Seek Intensive

Only seeks are performed in this mode.

Max Stress

Reads the inner DBNs and outer DBNs
alternately.

The following table shows the relationship between the four test
modes and the responses to the six questions in the dialogue.
Modes

Example

Response to Question
3
4
5

Read/Write

Any

Data Integrity

Any

Seek Intensive

Any

0 or 1

Max Stress

Any

The following is an example of what is displayed when you run
DRVEXR.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
Write/read anywhere on the medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
User data will be corrupted. Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
Test time in minutes? [(10)-100] 10
Number of sectors to transfer at a time? [0 - 50] 18
Compare after each transfer? [1=Yes/(0=No)]: 0
Test the DBN area? [2=DBN only/(1=DBN and LBN)/0=LBN only]:
73990 blocks (512 bytes) read.
73990 blocks (512 bytes) written.
18666 DBN blocks (512 bytes) read.
18666 DBN blocks (512 bytes) written.
Complete.

4–10 Local Programs

DRVTST
Description

DRVTST provides a comprehensive test of the ISE hardware.
Errors detected by this program can be isolated to the FRU level.

Dialogue

The following table describes the DRVTST dialogue.
Message

Explanation

No response is expected.

Write/read anywhere on the
medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Do you want to write to the media?
If you type 0, this is a read-only test.
DRVTST does, however, write to a
diagnostic area on the disk.

User data will be corrupted.
Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Do you really want to overwrite
existing data on the media? If you
type 0, this is a read-only test.

5 minutes to complete.

No response is expected.

Test passed.

The test was successful. Choose
another local program or return control
to the system.

Local Programs 4–11

Error Messages

The following table describes DRVTST error messages.
Message

Description

Unit is currently in use.

This can mean that the ISE
unit is inoperative, in use by
a host, or is currently running
another local program.

Operation aborted by user.

This message appears if the
user stops the program while it
is in progress.

Soft read error on head xx track
yyyy.

These are soft error messages
which indicate that an
operation succeeded, but that
the error recovery firmware
was invoked. These messages
may indicate a forced-error flag
or correctable ECC error, or
that the read/write head was
temporarily off-track. These
are corrected during normal
operation.

Soft write error on head xx track
yyyy.
Soft compare error on head xx track
yyyy.

4–12 Local Programs

xxxx - Unit diagnostics failed.

This is a fatal error message
where xxxx is the MSCP error
code. Call Digital Customer
Services.

xxxx - Unit read/write test failed.

This is also a fatal error
message where xxxx is the
MSCP error code. Call Digital
Customer Services.

DRVTST
Examples

The following is an example of what is displayed when DRVTST
runs successfully.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
Write/read anywhere on the medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
User data will be corrupted. Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
5 minutes to complete.
Test passed.

The following is an example of what is displayed when DRVTST
has failed.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
Write/read anywhere on medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)]
0106 - Unit read/write test failed.

Local Programs 4–13

HISTRY
Description

HISTRY displays ISE information that is used by programs
running in the host (such as MDM). The information is displayed
in the following order:
Copyright notice
Product name
Serial number
Node name
Allocation class
Firmware revision level
Hardware revision level
Power-on hours
Power cycles
Last bug check codes (up to 11)

Example

The following is an example of what is displayed when you run
the HISTRY program.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
RF31
EN92300124
R1EJAA
0
RFX X201
RF31 PCB-3/ECO-00
1
45
Complete.

4–14 Local Programs

ERASE
Description

ERASE is a utility that overwrites data on each ISE. Every
writeable LBN and RBN block on the ISE is written several
times with a complementary data pattern, and finally is
overwritten with zeros.

LBN and RBN

ERASE writes every block in the LBN and RBN space twice
the specified number of times: once with the pattern 99(X),
and once with the complement pattern 66(X). These two values
were selected because they are bit complements of each other in
both decoded and encoded formats. That is, the bits toggle in
controller memory and the fixed frequency pulse trains on the
disk are 180 degrees out of phase with one another, assuming
the pulse trains start together.

Local Programs 4–15

ERASE Process

Stage

Description

After the specified number of write/write-complement
operations have been performed, a final pattern of all
zeros is written on each block.

A failure to write these patterns or to read back all
zeros means that the block is ‘‘bad’’ and was previously
replaced.

The failure and the status of each such block is displayed.

If the block is marked bad in the FCT, the user may
inhibit this output.

The following is repeated to the second block of each RCT
copy:

4–16 Local Programs

•

write/write complement

•

write of zeros

•

read back of zeros

The second block of the RCT is:
•

used as an intermediate holding area for data during
bad block replacement

•

treated as an extension of the user data area by
ERASE

Accessing
ERASE

You access ERASE the same way you access other local
programs. Once a connection is established, the user is prompted
to answer a series of questions.

Stopping
ERASE

To stop an ERASE in progress, press Ctrl/C , Ctrl/Y , or Ctrl/Z .

Dialogue

The following table explains the ERASE dialogue.
Message

Explanation

No response is expected.

Write/read anywhere on
medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Do you want to write to the media?

User data will be corrupted.
Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Do you really want to overwrite
existing data on the media?

How many times should the
disk be pre-written before
erasing? [0-99]

Specify the number of passes ERASE
should make on each sector. A pass is
a write with a pattern followed by a
write with the pattern complement. A
message is displayed indicating your
choice.

Display errors erasing known
bad blocks? [(1=Yes)/0=No]:

Do you want a list of all ERASE errors
in the RCT and the FCT? A message is
displayed indicating your choice.

Is this information correct?
[(1=Yes)/0=No]:

If you type 0, you are asked the
following question.

Do you wish to continue?
[1=Yes/(0=No)]:

If you type 1, you are once again
prompted to specify the number of
passes, and so on. If you type 0, the
session ends.

n minutes to complete.

This lists the number of minutes (n)
until completion of the erase operation.
This number is a function of the
number of passes you specified and
the ISE type. No response is expected.

Erase complete.

This message indicates that the erase
operation is complete. The program
stops automatically.

Local Programs 4–17

Example

The following is an example of the ERASE utility. The blocks
that are listed did not write or did not contain an all-zeros
pattern when ERASE read back each track on the LBN/RBN
space. In most cases, the failing blocks are listed as "bad" in the
FCT.
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
Write/read anywhere on medium? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
User data will be corrupted. Proceed? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
How many times should the disk pre-written before erasing? [1-99]:
Display errors erasing known bad blocks? [(1=Yes)/0=No]:
The disk will be pre-written 3 times.
All errors will be reported, including FCT bad blocks.
Is this information correct? [(1=Yes)/0=No]:
58 minutes to complete.
ERASE BAD BLOCK LIST
LBN Head Track Sector Block Status
----- ---- ----- ------ -----------14602 4
132
19 Unable to write sector (marked bad in FCT)
14603 4
132
20 Unable to read sector (marked bad in FCT)
14604 4
132
21 Unable to write sector (marked bad in FCT)
14605 4
132
22 Unable to write sector (not found in FCT)
629079 5 1661
12 Non-zero data in sector (marked bad in FCT)
629080 5 1661
13 Unable to write sector (marked bad in FCT)
Erase complete.

4–18 Local Programs

VERIFY
Description

VERIFY is a utility that is used to determine the amount of
‘‘margin’’ remaining in on-disk structures (for instance, the
number of bad blocks in the RCT and thus the number of RBNs
consumed). VERIFY is useful when you verify an installation.
The VERIFY utility is read only. It does not overwrite user data
and does not perform bad block replacement.

Accessing
VERIFY

You access VERIFY the same way you access other local
programs. Once a connection is established, you are prompted to
answer a series of questions.

Dialogue

The following table describes the VERIFY dialogue.
Message

Explanation

No response is expected.

Print informational (nonwarning) messages? [1=Yes
/(0=No)]

Your response controls the amount of
output produced by VERIFY. Type 1
if you want informational messages
displayed.

Report transient error by
block? [1=Yes/(0=No)]

Again, your response controls the
amount of output produced by VERIFY.
By default, a transient, correctable
error in a block is not displayed as
blocks are read. Type 1 if you want
transient errors reported.

Local Programs 4–19

Example

The following is an example of VERIFY run on an RF31 ISE.
The example is interrupted several times by text that describes
the next part of the example.
The first part of this example contains the VERIFY dialogue
and the FCT header dump. The FCT header dump provides
basic information, such as the serial number and the date of last
format (typically the date the HDA was manufactured).
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
Print informational (non-warning) messages? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
Report transient error by block? [1=Yes/(0=No)] 1
***

FCT Block 0 Information

Serial Number:
Mode:
First Formatted:
Date Formatted:
Format Instance:
FCT:
Bad PBNs in FCT:

***

0000123400000000
ADDE(X)
22-MAY-1989 11:58:26
22-MAY-1989 11:58:26
1
VALID
34

Scratch Area Offset: 30032
Size (Not Last):
2480
Size (Last):
2480
Flags:
Format Version:

0000(X)
1

The next part of the example contains the RCT header dump
followed by a read check of the RCT. Note that one sector of one
copy of the RCT (the fifth copy, block 68) is not usable.
***
RCT Block 0 Information
***
Serial Number:
0000123400000000
Flags:
0000(X)
LBN Being Replaced:
0
Replacement RBN:
0
Bad RBN:
0
*****
Revector Control Table for R1VJAA$DIA3
Copy 5 of RCT block 68 (LBN 745103.) is bad.

4–20 Local Programs

*****

After the read check of the RCT, each bad block in the RCT is
displayed. In this abbreviated syntax, the symbol *-> means that
a bad LBN is replaced by an RBN not on its track. The symbol
–> means that the bad LBN is replaced by its primary (on-track)
RBN.
2 -->
0, 2083 -->
41, 3569 -->
9566 *->
190, 9564 -->
191, 9563 *->
14603 -->
292, 15361 -->
307, 15398 *->
18762 -->
375, 19403 -->
388, 21198 -->
22695 -->
453, 22788 *->
454, 22791 -->
22790 *->
457, 22789 *->
458, 23183 *->
23182 *->
464, 28081 -->
561, 31026 *->
31027 *->
621, 33589 -->
671, 35495 -->
45046 -->
900, 45339 -->
906, 48484 -->
57875 --> 1157, 63818 --> 1276, 70125 -->
:
:
:
:
:
(many lines have been deleted from this example)
:
:
:
:
:
Bad RBN:
12041, 602527 --> 12050, Bad RBN:
609475 --> 12189, Bad RBN:
12217, 613875 -->
645331 --> 12906, 645330 *-> 12907, 645885 -->
652795 --> 13055, 656745 --> 13134, 657589 -->
664108 --> 13282, 675509 --> 13510, 679607 -->
693585 --> 13871, 694130 --> 13882, 694129 *->
707101 --> 14142, 707100 *-> 14143, 711501 -->
711607 --> 14232, 717484 --> 14349, 721878 -->
722237 --> 14444, 723439 --> 14468, 729597 -->
732140 --> 14642, 732372 --> 14647, 735723 -->
737467 --> 14749, 739349 --> 14786, 742125 -->

71,
192,
308,
423,
455,
462,
619,
709,
969,
1402,
:
:
12073,
12277,
12917,
13151,
13592,
13883,
14230,
14437,
14591,
14714,
14842,

The next part of this example summarizes the contents and state
of the RCT.
RCT Statistics:
47 Bad RBNs
185 Bad LBNs
140 Primary Revectors
45 Non-Primary Revectors
1 Bad RCT Blocks
0 Bad First Copy RCT Blocks

Local Programs 4–21

A similar scan of the FCT follows. Each bad block in the FCT
is displayed. Entries in this display are physical blocks. The
syntax DKUTIL uses for PBNs is also used here. It is h:t:s:,
where h is the head number, t is the track number, and s is the
sector number. If the bad block is used by the disk format, the
corresponding block number is displayed in parentheses.
*****

Factory Control Table for R1VJAA$DIA3

*****

1: 96:50(LBN 2083) 1: 161:48(LBN 28081) 1: 181: 0(LBN 36084)
1: 212: 0(LBN 48484) 2: 259: 8(LBN 70125) 1: 374: 0(LBN 113284)
3: 452:23(LBN 142973) 1: 558: 0(LBN 186884) 5: 564:17(LBN 188684)
5: 565:17(LBN 189084) 3: 630:38(LBN 214188) 3: 634:16(LBN 215766)
2: 673:43(LBN 235709) 6: 822: 0(LBN 293100) 3: 938:25(LBN 337375)
1:1009:40(LBN 367273) 5:1160:30(LBN 427097) 7:1208: 1(LBN 447185)
5:1321: 8(LBN 491475) 3:1440: 8(LBN 538158) 3:1442: 8(LBN 538958)
5:1449: 8(LBN 542675) 3:1454: 8(LBN 543758) 3:1459: 8(LBN 545758)
6:1471:40(LBN 552740) 5:1532: 8(LBN 575875) 5:1546: 8(LBN 581475)
5:1559: 8(LBN 586675) 0:1556:20(LBN 587620) 5:1616: 8(LBN 609475)
5:1627: 8(LBN 613875) 6:1731:45(LBN 656745) 6:1778: 9(LBN 675509)
0:1786: 7(LBN 679607)

The state of the FCT is displayed next.
FCT Statistics:
0 Bad FCT Blocks
0 Bad First Copy FCT Blocks

In the last part of this example, the LBN area is scanned. Each
LBN block is read, some LBN statistics are displayed, and
VERIFY ends. In this example, transient error reporting was
enabled so the transients are displayed.
*****

Scan of LBN Area

*****

LBN 2740. has a transient (5 out of 6) error.
LBN 7904. has a transient (3 out of 6) error.
LBN 77100. has a transient (4 out of 6) error.
LBN 95831. has a transient (1 out of 6) error.
LBN 577712. has a transient (1 out of 6) error.
LBN 730484. has a transient (1 out of 6) error.
LBN Statistics:
Complete.

4–22 Local Programs

6 Block(s) with a Transient error.
6 Total Block(s) in error.

Error Messages

The following table describes the VERIFY error messages.
Message

Description

00C5 - Unit diagnostics failed.

The ISE unit diagnostics failed
and VERIFY cannot run.

xxxx - Multicopy read operation of
xCT block n failed.

Block n of a multicopy
structure, the FCT, or the
RCT, is not readable. xxxx is
the MSCP error code.

Copy n of RCT block m (LBN x) is
bad.

Copy n of RCT block m,
corresponding to LBN block
x, is bad.

xBN n has a forced error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n was
marked with a forced error flag.

xBN n has an invalid header error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n had a
problem with its header.

xBN n has a data sync timeout error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n had
problems syncing up to the data
bits.

xBN n has an ECC field correctable
error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n suffered
an error, but only in the ECC
field.

xBN n has an uncorrectable ECC
error.

While scanning the LBN,
DBN, or XBN space, block
n was unreadable due to an
uncorrectable ECC error.

xBN n received error status :
xxxx(X).

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n has some
other error. The MSCP error
code is xxxx.

Local Programs 4–23

Warning
Messages

4–24 Local Programs

The following table describes the VERIFY warning messages.
Message

Description

xCT block n used copy m.

The first copy of block n of a
multicopy structure, the FCT, or
the RCT, is not readable. Copy m
of that block was used instead.

xBN n has a transient
(e out of six) error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n suffered a
transient error. Out of six reads,
the transient error happened e
times.

xBN n has a k symbol correctable
ECC error.

While scanning the LBN, DBN,
or XBN space, block n suffered a
correctable ECC error of k bytes.

Table is empty (NO BAD PBNs).

This message is very rare, and
indicates that no blocks are
marked bad in the FCT. The
media was perfect when the ISE
unit was formatted.

DKUTIL
Description

DKUTIL is a utility that displays disk structures and disk
data. The utility can be used to verify that an ERASE worked
correctly. DKUTIL is also useful in problem diagnosis and
manual bad block replacement.

Accessing
DKUTIL

You access DKUTIL the same way you access other local
programs. Once a connection is established, all interaction
occurs through the use of commands and responses. DKUTIL
has its own command line interpreter. It has a command syntax
similar to the hierarchical storage controller (HSC) DKUTIL
utility.

DKUTIL
Process

Stopping
DKUTIL

•

DKUTIL prompts the user for a command with the DKUTIL>
prompt.

•

In most cases, the user issues a GET command to acquire
an ISE unit from the MSCP server. (See GET later in this
chapter.) Subsequent commands are applied to this unit.

•

DKUTIL acquires the unit and then returns to the command
mode, prompting for a command, executing it, and prompting
for another command.

To stop DKUTIL, press Ctrl/C , Ctrl/Y , Ctrl/Z , or type EXIT at the
DKUTIL> prompt.

Local Programs 4–25

DKUTIL
Commands

4–26 Local Programs

The following table lists the available DKUTIL commands. You
do not need to type the entire command because the program is
set up to recognize the matching command from the abbreviated
command. The abbreviated command is shown in uppercase bold
letters.
Command

Definition

DEfault

Changes the default modifiers for subsequent
DKUTIL commands.

DIsplay

Displays characteristics, error history, and RCT
/FCT information.

DUmp

Dumps the contents of a sector on the disk or the
contents of the current buffer.

Exit

Stops the DKUTIL utility.

Get

Acquires the ISE unit from the MSCP server.

Help

Displays information on how to use the DKUTIL
commands.

POp

Restores the save buffer to the current buffer.

PUsh

Stores the current buffer in the save buffer.

REplace

Replaces a specified LBN.

Set size

Changes the block size of the ISE unit.

DKUTIL
Command
Modifiers

A number of modifiers are used with the DKUTIL GET,
DISPLAY, and DUMP commands. These modifiers can be typed
with the command or they can be stored using the DEFAULT
command. The following tables describe the modifiers and their
functions.

GET Modifier

Default
Setting

IMF

/NOIMF

Ignore media format. If this modifier
is specified, the unit is acquired for
physical (PBN) access only.

/WP

Write protect. If this modifier
is specified, the media is
write protected. This inhibits
replacements.

DISPLAY
Modifier

Default
Setting

FULL

/NOFULL

Display full. If this modifier is
specified, a full dump of the RCT or
FCT header is displayed.

ITEMS

/NOITEMS

Display items. If this modifier is
specified, the items in the RCT or
FCT are displayed.

Function

Local Programs 4–27

4–28 Local Programs

DUMP
Modifier

Default
Setting

HEADER

/HEADER

Display header. If this modifier is
specified, the block type and LTN0
fields of the block are displayed.

EDC

/EDC

Display the EDC. If this modifier is
specified, the EDC and the expected
EDC of the block are displayed.

DATA

/DATA

Display data. If this modifier is
specified, the data in the block is
displayed.

ECC

/NOECC

Display ECC. If this modifier is
specified, the ECC residue of the
block is displayed.

ALL

/NOALL

Display all fields. Use of this
modifier is equivalent to specifying
the modifiers /HEADER/EDC/DATA
/ECC.

RAW

/NORAW

Display the raw LBN. If this
modifier is specified, the original
LBN that was replaced is used
instead of the RBN. This modifier
affects only the replaced LBNs.

/NONZ

Display nonzero data. If this
modifier is specified, the data field is
displayed if it contains all nonzero
data. This modifier has no effect if
/NODATA is also specified.

Function

DEFAULT

The DEFAULT command changes the default modifiers for
subsequent DKUTIL commands. This command ‘‘remembers’’
modifiers so they do not have to be typed each time a command
is issued. Modifiers that do not apply to a command are ignored
when that command is issued. So, you can specify modifiers that
apply to GET, DUMP, and DISPLAY at the same time.

DEFAULT
Syntax

The syntax for the DEFAULT command is:
DEFAULT [modifiers]
The available modifiers are described in the tables on the
preceding two pages.

DEFAULT
Example

The following example shows how to access the DKUTIL
program on an ISE with the unit name R1EJAA.
Once DKUTIL is accessed, the DEFAULT command is issued
to set new default values for subsequent commands. GET will
apply /NOWP; DUMP will apply /NZ; and DISPLAY will apply
/FULL and /ITEMS.
Note that both the DEFAULT command and the /ITEMS modifier
are abbreviated.
$ SET HOST/DUP/SERVER=MSCP$DUP/TASK=DKUTIL R1EJAA
%HSCPAD-I-LOCPROGEXE, Local program executing
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
DKUTIL> DE/NOWP/NZ/FULL/ITE

Local Programs 4–29

DISPLAY

The DISPLAY command displays characteristics, error history,
and RCT/FCT information.

DISPLAY
Syntax

There are three basic variations to the DISPLAY command:
•

DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS DISK
This displays the characteristics of the ISE unit.

•

DISPLAY [/FULL][/ITEMS] {RCT,FCT}
This displays the header of the RCT or the FCT. The
/FULL modifier controls the amount of RCT or FCT header
information displayed. If the /ITEMS modifier is specified,
the contents of the RCT or FCT are also displayed.

•

DISPLAY ALL
This is equivalent to typing DISPLAY RCT, DISPLAY FCT,
and DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS DISK.

DISPLAY
Modifiers

4–30 Local Programs

The following table describes the modifiers used with the
DISPLAY command.
Modifier

Default

Function

FULL

/NOFULL

Display full. If this modifier is
specified, a full dump of the RCT or
FCT header is displayed.

ITEMS

/NOITEMS

Display items. If this modifier is
specified, the items in the RCT or
FCT are displayed.

DISPLAY
Example

The following example shows how the DISPLAY command lists
the ISE unit characteristics.
DKUTIL> DISP CHA DIS
Drive characteristics for drive R1EJAA$DIA1
Type:
Media:
Cylinders:
Geometry:

RF31 (512 byte mode only)
Fixed
1861 LBN, 5 XBN, 5 DBN
1 tracks/group, 8 groups/cylinder,
8 tracks/cylinder, 50 LBNs/track,
1 RBNs/track, 51 sectors/track,
51 XBNs/track, 408 XBNs/cylinder,
400 LBNs/cylinder, 8 RBNs/cylinder
Group Offset: 17 (LBN), 0 (XBN)
LBNs:
744400 (host), 745416 (total)
RBNs:
14888
XBNs:
2040
DBNs:
1632 (read/write), 408 (read only)
PBNs:
838032
RCT:
127 (size), 8 (copies)
FCT:
127 (size), 8 (copies)
Retry Limits: 8 (retry), 3 (badblk)
ECC Threshold:3/2 (normal), 0/0 (format)
Revision:
4 (hardware), 32 (firmware)
Drive ID:
124923040310000

Local Programs 4–31

DUMP

The DUMP command displays the contents of a sector on
the disk or the contents of the current buffer. The amount of
information displayed can be controlled with modifiers.

DUMP Syntax

There are five basic variations of the DUMP command:
•

DUMP BUFFER
This dumps the contents of the current buffer.

•

DUMP {DBN,LBN,RBN,XBN} block#
This dumps the contents of the specified block#. The LBN
space extends into the RCT, and the XBN space spans all
copies of the FCT. These methods of reading the RCT and
FCT allow a specific copy to be read.

•

DUMP {RCT,FCT} block#
This dumps the contents of the specified block#. The block
is read using the multiread algorithm. This command also
shows you which copy was used to obtain the information.

•

DUMP PBN head#:track#:sector#
This dumps the contents of the specified block by giving the
physical location of the sector not adjusted by LTN0. This
variation of the DUMP command is not supported on the
RF36 or RF74.

•

DUMP PBD head#:track#:sector#
This dumps the contents of the specified block. This variation
of the DUMP command is supported only on the RF36 and
RF74.

4–32 Local Programs

DUMP
Modifiers

The following describes modifiers used with DUMP.
Modifier

Default

Function

HEADER

/HEADER

Display header. If this modifier is
specified, the block type and LTN0
fields of the block are displayed.

EDC

/EDC

Display the EDC. If this modifier is
specified, the EDC and the expected
EDC of the block are displayed.

DATA

/DATA

Display data. If this modifier is
specified, the data in the block is
displayed.

ECC

/NOECC

Display ECC. If this modifier is
specified, the ECC residue of the
block is displayed.

ALL

/NOALL

Display all fields. Use of this
modifier is equivalent to specifying
the modifiers /HEADER/EDC/DATA
/ECC.

RAW

/NORAW

Display the raw LBN. If this
modifier is specified, the original
LBN that was replaced is used
instead of the RBN. This modifier
affects only the replaced LBNs.

/NONZ

Display nonzero data. If this
modifier is specified, the data field is
displayed if it contains all nonzero
data. This modifier has no effect if
/NODATA is also specified.

Local Programs 4–33

DUMP Example

The following example shows how the DUMP command displays
the contents of a block of the RCT.
Note that the first copy of this RCT block was used. Also note
that LBN 0 is replaced by RBN 0.
DKUTIL> DUMP RCT 2
*** Buffer for RCT block 2 (LBN 744402 used), MSCP Status: 0000
LTN 0 = 90
Type = 47 (X)
EDC = 032F(X)
Calculated EDC Difference = 14B3(X)
Data = 3000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 16 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 32 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 48 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 64 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 80 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 96 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+112 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+128 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+144 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+160 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+176 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+192 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+208 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+224 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+240 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+256 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+272 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+288 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+304 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+320 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+336 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+352 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+368 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+384 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+400 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+416 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+432 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+448 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+464 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+480 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+496 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

4–34 Local Programs

EXIT

The EXIT command stops the DKUTIL utility. If the ISE unit
was acquired, the unit is released to the MSCP server.

EXIT Syntax

The syntax for this command is:
EXIT

EXIT Example

The following is an example of what appears on the screen when
you EXIT DKUTIL.
DKUTIL> EXIT
%HSCPAD-S-REMPGMEND, Remote program terminated - message code 3.
%HSCPAD-S-END, Control returned to node ISMINE

Local Programs 4–35

GET

The GET command acquires the ISE unit from the MSCP server
(if possible). Most DKUTIL commands work only after the GET
command succeeds. The GET command cannot succeed if the
ISE unit is on line to any host.

GET Syntax

The syntax for the GET command is:
GET [modifier]
The specified modifier controls how the unit is acquired.

GET Modifiers

GET Example

The following table describes the modifiers used with the GET
command.
Modifier

Default

Function

IMF

/NOIMF

Ignore media format. If this modifier
is specified, the unit is acquired for
physical (PBN) access only.

/WP

Write protect. If this modifier
is specified, the media is
write protected. This inhibits
replacements.

The following example shows the outcome of a successful GET
command. The unit is acquired from the MSCP server and the
unit FCT status is displayed. In this example, /NOWP was
previously set by the DEFAULT command and /NOIMF was the
default upon entry to DKUTIL.
DKUTIL> GET
Serial Number:
Mode:
First Formatted:
Date Formatted:
Format Instance:
FCT:

4–36 Local Programs

0000000000000000
ADDE(X)
9-AUG-1989 13:25:10
9-AUG-1989 13:25:10
1
VALID

HELP

The HELP command displays information on how to use the
DKUTIL commands.

HELP Syntax

The syntax for the HELP command is:
HELP

HELP Example

Typing HELP produces the following display.
DKUTIL> HELP
DEFAULT [/qualifiers]
DISPLAY [/qualifiers] {ALL|FCT|RCT|CHAR DISK}
/FULL
/ITEMS
DUMP [/qualifiers] {BUFFER|type n|PBN h:t:s}
/HEADER
/EDC
/DATA
/NZ
/ECC
/ALL
/RAW
EXIT
GET [/qualifiers]
/IMF
/WP
HELP
POP
PUSH
REPLACE lbn
SET SIZE 512
DKUTIL>

Local Programs 4–37

POP

The POP command restores the save buffer to the current buffer.
DKUTIL maintains two I/O buffers while it runs: the current
buffer and the save buffer. The DUMP command always uses
the current buffer. Use the PUSH command to save data before
subsequent DUMPs. Use the POP command, followed by the
DUMP BUFFER command, to view the saved data.

POP Syntax

The syntax for this command is:
POP

POP Example

In this example, the contents of the buffer saved by the most
recent PUSH command is restored to the current buffer.
DKUTIL> POP

4–38 Local Programs

PUSH

The PUSH command stores the current buffer in the save buffer.
DKUTIL maintains two I/O buffers while it runs: the current
buffer and the save buffer. The DUMP command always uses
the current buffer. Use the PUSH command to save data before
subsequent DUMPs. Use the POP command, followed by the
DUMP BUFFER command, to view the saved data.

PUSH Syntax

The syntax for this command is:
PUSH

PUSH Example

In this example, the contents of the buffer loaded by the most
recent DUMP command are stored in the save buffer.
DKUTIL> PUSH

Local Programs 4–39

REPLACE

The REPLACE command replaces a specified LBN. The results
of the REPLACE command are displayed. The display contains
the last few longwords of a Bad Block Replacement Summary
error log packet.
REPLACE cannot succeed if the unit is write protected (GET
/WP), or if the unit was acquired for physical (PBN) access only
(GET/IMF).

REPLACE
Syntax

The syntax for the REPLACE command is:
REPLACE lbn#
The specified lbn# is replaced.

REPLACE
Example

4–40 Local Programs

In the following example, LBN0 is replaced.
DKUTIL> REPLACE 0
Replace summary log packet:
Flags: 60(X)
Event: 0014(X)
Rep flags: 8000(X)
LBN: 0
Old RBN: 0
New RBN: 0

SET SIZE

The SET SIZE command changes the block size of the ISE unit.
Only 512-byte block sizes are supported. This command is for
compatibility with the HSC implementation of DKUTIL.

SET SIZE
Syntax

The syntax for the SET SIZE command is:
SET SIZE blocksize#
Currently, the only acceptable blocksize# is 512.

SET SIZE
Example

This example shows the block size of the unit set to 512 bytes.
DKUTIL> S S 512

Local Programs 4–41

PARAMS
Description

PARAMS is a utility that allows you to examine and change
internal ISE parameters such as node name, allocation class,
and MSCP unit number. PARAMS is also used to display the
state of the ISE and performance statistics maintained by the
ISE.

Accessing
PARAMS

You access PARAMS the same way you access other local
programs. Once a connection is established, all interaction
occurs through the use of commands and responses. PARAMS
has its own command line interpreter. It has a command syntax
similar to the VMS SYSGEN utility.

PARAMS
Process

Stopping
PARAMS

4–42 Local Programs

•

PARAMS prompts the user for a command with the
PARAMS> prompt.

•

Once a command is entered, PARAMS executes it and then
prompts for another command.

To stop PARAMS, press Ctrl/C , Ctrl/Y , Ctrl/Z , or type EXIT at the
PARAMS> prompt.

PARAMS
Commands

The following table lists the available PARAMS commands. You
do not need to type the entire command because the program is
set up to recognize the matching command from the abbreviated
command. The abbreviated command is shown in uppercase bold
letters.
Command

Definition

ENable mscp

Enables MSCP server.

Exit

Stops the PARAMS utility.

Help

Displays information on how to use PARAMS
commands.

Locate

Causes a soft fault in the ISE. (Red LED on to help
locate it.)

SEt

Changes internal ISE parameters.

SHow

Displays the setting of a parameter or a class of
parameters.

STatus

Displays module configuration, history, performance
counters, and so on.

Write

Records the device parameter changes you make
using the SET command in nonvolatile RAM.

Zero

Clears a block of counters or all known blocks of
counters.

Local Programs 4–43

EXIT

The EXIT command stops the PARAMS utility.

EXIT Syntax

The syntax for the EXIT command is:
EXIT

EXIT Example

The following is an example of what appears on the screen when
you EXIT PARAMS.
PARAMS> EXIT
Exiting ...
%HSCPAD-S-REMPGMEND, Remote program terminated
%HSCPAD-S-END, Control returned to node ISMINE

4–44 Local Programs

HELP

The HELP command displays information on how to use
PARAMS commands. It is not a substitute for this document,
but is useful as a quick reference.

HELP Syntax

The syntax for the HELP command is:
HELP

HELP Example

The following is what appears on the screen when you type
HELP.
PARAMS> help
ENABLE MSCP
EXIT
HELP
LOCATE
SET {parameter | .} value
SHOW {parameter | . | /class}
/ALL
/CONST /DRIVE
/SERVO /SCS
/MSCP
/DUP
STATUS [type]
CONFIG LOGS
DATALINK
PATHS
SYSTEM SEEKS
MSCP
THREADS
WRITE
ZERO counter
ALL
MSCP
SEEKS
PARAMS>

Local Programs 4–45

LOCATE

The LOCATE command causes a soft fault in the ISE to help you
locate it. The soft fault does not affect its current operation or
state. The Fault LED on the drive module and the Fault LED
on the operator control panel turn on and stay on until you press
Return at the PARAMS> prompt.

LOCATE Syntax

The syntax for the LOCATE command is:
LOCATE

LOCATE
Example

The following is what appears on the screen when you type
LOCATE.
PARAMS> LOCATE
Drive has been soft faulted to help locate it
Press RETURN to continue:
PARAMS>

4–46 Local Programs

SET

The SET command changes internal ISE parameters. The
changes are made to a working copy of the ISE parameters and
do not take effect until a WRITE command is successful.

SET Syntax

The syntax for the SET command is:
SET parameter value
The parameter is the name of the parameter to be set, or the
special symbol . (period), which means the last SET or SHOWn
parameter. The value is the new value you want to assign to the
parameter.
The available parameters are listed on the following page. If the
parameter name is abbreviated, the first matching parameter is
used without regard to uniqueness. We recommend that you use
SHOW before you use SET.

SET Example

The following example changes the node name from the default
(R1EJAA) to the new string "SUSAN". When entering ASCII
strings, you may use single quotes, double quotes, or no quotes
at all.
PARAMS> SHOW NODE
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- ------------- ------------ ------- ----NODENAME
R1EJAA
RF31
String Ascii

PARAMS> SET . "SUSAN"
PARAMS> SHOW .
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- ------------- ------------ ------- ----NODENAME
SUSAN
RF31
String Ascii

PARAMS>

Local Programs 4–47

SET and SHOW
Parameters

The following tables describe the SET and SHOW command
parameters and their functions.
MSCP Parameter

Function

ALLCLASS

Sets or shows the allocation class of the disk
MSCP server.

UNITNUM

Sets or shows the MSCP unit number.

FORCEUNI

Determines whether the parameter UNITNUM
or the DSSI node ID is used as the MSCP unit
number. The factory setting for this parameter
is 1 (true), and the DSSI node ID is used. Until
set to 0 (false), the UNITNUM parameter is
ignored.

HISPEED1

The factory setting for this parameter is 0
(false). If set to 1 (true), only half of the ISE
capacity is presented to hosts. This reduces
the stroke of the seek, and thus improves
performance at the expense of capacity. Average
seek time is reduced by approximately 3 ms.

SEEKALG

Selects one of three seek algorithms. The factory
setting is the C-scan algorithm (2). You can also
select the shortest distance algorithm (0), or the
elevator algorithm (1).

FIVEDIME

Determines whether the MSCP server supports
five concurrent connections (the factory default
of 1, true) or seven connections with reduced
resources allocated to each (0, false).

1 This option is available only on the RF31.

4–48 Local Programs

DRIVE Parameter

Function

VOLSERNO

Shows the volume serial number of the HDA.

DUP Parameter

Function

ADD_CR

Appends a Return character after each message.
The factory setting is 0 (false).

ADD_LF

Appends a Line Feed to each message. The
factory setting is 0 (false).

SCS Parameter

Function

SYSTEMID

Sets or shows the 48-bit Systems
Communication Services (SCS) system ID of
the ISE.

NODENAME

Sets or shows the SCS node name of the ISE.

FORCENAM

Determines whether the value set by the
NODENAME parameter or the string RFYYx1
is returned as the SCS node name. The letter x
corresponds to the DSSI node ID (A = 0, B = 1,
and so on). The factory setting is 0 (false), and
the value set by NODENAME is used.

1 RFYYx is returned as the SCS nodename, where:

YY represents the ISE type,
either 31, 35, 36, 72, 73, or 74; and x corresponds to the DSSI node ID (A = 0, B
= 1, and so on).

SHOW

Displays the setting of a parameter or a class of parameters.
The full name of the parameter, its current value, default value,
radix and type, and any flags associated with the parameter are
displayed.

SHOW Syntax

The syntax for the SHOW command is:
SHOW parameter_or_class
The parameter_or_class is a parameter name, the special symbol
. (period), which means the last SET or SHOWn parameter, or a
SHOW class preceded by a / (slash).
If an abbreviation is used, the first matching parameter or class
is displayed.

Local Programs 4–49

SHOW Classes

4–50 Local Programs

The following table describes the available SHOW classes.
Class

Description

/ALL

All SHOW classes are displayed.

/CONST

ISE constants are grouped in this class.

/DRIVE

Drive parameters, typically those governing drive
calibrations, thresholds, and retries, are grouped in
this class.

/SERVO

Servo parameters, typically the results of drive
calibrations, are grouped in this class.

/SCS

SCS parameters are grouped in this class. The
node name and system ID are in this class.

/MSCP

MSCP parameters are grouped in this class. The
parameters that control the unit number are in this
class.

/DUP

DUP parameters are grouped in this class.

SHOW Example

The following example shows various forms of the SHOW
command and how they are used to change the MSCP unit
number from the default (DSSI bus ID) to a new value of 8402.
$ SET HOST/DUP/SERVER=MSCP$DUP/TASK=PARAMS R1EJAA
%HSCPAD-I-LOCPROGEXE, Local program executing
Copyright © 1989 Digital Equipment Corporation
PARAMS> SHOW FORCEUNI
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- --------------- --------------- ------- ----FORCUNI
1
1 Boolean 0/1 U
PARAMS> SET . 0
PARAMS> SHOW UNITN
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- --------------- --------------- ------- ----UNITNUM
0
0 Boolean
Dec U
PARAMS> SET . 8402
PARAMS> SHOW /MSCP
Parameter
Current
Default
Type
Radix
--------- --------------- --------------- ------- ----MSCPNVR
2020202020202020 2020202020202020
2020202020202020 2020202020202020
2020202020202020 2020202020202020
2020202020202020 2020202020202020 String
Hex RO
WRTLOGSZ
2
2
Word
Dec RO
UNITID
1B02403192300124
0000000000000 Quadword
Hex RO
ALLCLASS
0
0
Byte
Dec B
MEDIAID
2264601F
2264601F Longword
Hex RO U
HISPEED
0
0 Boolean
0/1 U
UNITNUM
8402
0
Word
Dec U
FORCEUNI
0
1 Boolean
0/1 U
FORCEID
1
1 Boolean
0/1 RO
FIVEDIME
1
1 Boolean
0/1 B
SEEKALG
2
2
Byte
Dec
CNT_TMO
60
60
Word
Dec RO
PARAMS>

Local Programs 4–51

STATUS

The STATUS command displays a variety of information
including module configuration, transient and unit error history,
performance counters, and so on. The STATUS type you select
determines the type of information displayed.

STATUS Syntax

The syntax for the STATUS command is:
STATUS [type]
The type is an option that corresponds to a type of information.
If omitted, all available types of status information are displayed.
If the type is abbreviated, all matching types are displayed.

STATUS Types

4–52 Local Programs

The following table describes the available STATUS types.
Type

Function

CONFIG

Displays module configuration information and
some system information such as power-on hours
and the system time.

LOGS

Displays the last 11 transient errors recorded in
nonvolatile RAM. In VMS terms, these are the last
11 machine checks and bug checks known to the
controller.

DATALINK

Displays the DSSI data link counters. These
include the number of packets received and
transmitted, the number of NAKs sent and
received, and so on.

PATHS

Displays the topology of the DSSI bus on which this
ISE resides by displaying open virtual circuits to
other nodes on the bus and related packet counters.

SYSTEM

Displays system statistics and counters.

SEEKS

Displays seek statistics such as average seek times
and a seek length histogram.

MSCP

Displays MSCP statistics such as the number and
type of I/O commands and various histograms.

THREADS

Displays the known programs in the system,
the amount of CPU time consumed, and other
information.

STATUS
Examples

The following examples show the use of three STATUS
commands.
PARAMS> STAT CONFIG
Configuration:
Node R1EJAA is an RF31 controller
Software RFX V200 built on 22-AUG-1989 13:39:09
Electronics module name is EN92300124
In 26 power-on hours, power has cycled 45 times
System up time is 1 01:25:07.90
System time is 26-AUG-1989 15:00:12
PARAMS> STATUS DATALINK
Datalink Counters:
Interval: 91593 seconds
Pkts Rcv’d:
121535:*******************************
Pkts Xmt’d:
121536:*******************************
Naks Rcv’d:
23665:**********
Nakd Xmt’d:
0:
Resets Rcv’d:
45713:******************
Resets Xmt’d:
21369:*********
No response:
2290:*
Duplicates:
0:
Unrecogs:
0:
PARAMS> STATUS PATHS
ID Path Block Remote Node
DG_S DG_S MSGS_S MSGS_S
-- ----------- ---------------- ----- ----- ------- ------1 PB FF84517A Internal Path
0
0
0
0
0 PB FF8452A6 R3QZTI RFX V103
0
0
0
0
3 PB FF8453D2 R7ZIAA RFX V103
0
0
0
0
4 PB FF8454FE R7ZJBA RFX V103
0
0
0
0
5 PB FF84562A R7ULBA RFX V103
0
0
0
0
6 PB FF845756 LEDS13 VMS V5.2
0
0 27497 27497
7 PB FF845882 ISMINE VMS V5.2
0
0 32636 32636
PARAMS>

Local Programs 4–53

WRITE

The WRITE command records the device parameter changes
you make using the SET command in nonvolatile memory.
The WRITE command is similar to the VMS SYSGEN WRITE
command, although no parameters are available.

Reasons for
Failure

When using the WRITE command, you must be aware of system
and/or ISE requirements and use the command accordingly.
Otherwise, it may not succeed. The WRITE command may fail
for one of the following reasons:
•

Unit not Acquired
You altered a parameter that required the unit, and the
unit could not be acquired (it was not in the available state
with respect to all hosts). Changing the unit number is an
example of a parameter that requires the unit.
A parameter requires the unit if the flag U appears at the
right of the SHOW display (refer to the SHOW example).

•

Unit not Initialized
You altered a parameter that required controller
initialization, and you replied negatively to the request
for reboot. Changing the node name or the allocation
class are examples of parameters that require controller
initialization.
A parameter requires controller initialization if the flag
B appears at the right of the SHOW display (refer to the
SHOW example).

•

Calibrations in Progress
Initial drive calibrations were in progress on the unit.
The use of the WRITE command is inhibited while these
calibrations are running. In this case, the message "Drive
calibration in progress, please try later" is displayed.

4–54 Local Programs

WRITE Syntax

The syntax for the WRITE command is:
WRITE

WRITE Example

The following is an example of how you use the WRITE command
to change the allocation class from 0 to 4.
PARAMS> SHOW ALL
Parameter
Current
Default
--------- --------------- --------------ALLCLASS
0
0

Type
Radix
------- ----Byte
Dec B

PARAMS> SET . 4
PARAMS> WRITE
Changes require controller initialization, ok? [Y/(N)] Y
Initializing...

Note
It takes about 1 minute before the following message is
printed.

%HSCPAD-S-REMPGMEND, Remote program terminated - message number 3.
%HSCPAD-S-END, Control returned to node R1EJAA

Local Programs 4–55

ZERO

The ZERO command clears a block of counters or all known
blocks of counters.

ZERO Syntax

The syntax for the ZERO command is:
ZERO counter
The counter is a block of performance counters or all known
counters.

Counter Types

4–56 Local Programs

The following table describes the available counter values.
Counter

Function

ALL

Clears all performance counter blocks.

MSCP

Clears the MSCP performance counters and
histograms.

SEEKS

Clears the seek performance counters and
histograms.

ZERO Example

The following example of the ZERO command clears the MSCP
performance counters and histograms.
PARAMS> STATUS MSCP
MSCP statistics:
Interval: 92715 seconds
I/O Commands: 0
Max Queue Depth: 0
Queue Depth Histogram:
Commands Processed Histogram:
GetUnit
1546:************************************
SetCon:
2:*
Blocks Accessed Histogram (cylinder ranges):
Read Lengths Histogram (block count ranges):
Write Lengths Histogram (block count ranges):
PARAMS> ZERO MSCP
PARAMS> STATUS MSCP
MSCP statistics:
Interval: 2 seconds
I/O Commands: 0
Max Queue Depth: 0
Queue Depth Histogram:
Commands Processed Histogram:
Blocks Accessed Histogram (cylinder ranges):
Read Lengths Histogram (block count ranges):
Write Lengths Histogram (block count ranges):
PARAMS>

Local Programs 4–57

5
Troubleshooting Procedures
Performing Troubleshooting Procedures
In this Chapter

Introduction

This chapter covers the following topics:
•

What to do if the ISE operates incorrectly

•

Failure indications

•

Internal self-tests

This chapter describes what you should do if your ISE operates
incorrectly. Also described in this chapter are failure indications
and internal self-tests.
Note
Remember that repairs to the ISE should be attempted
only by qualified Digital Customer Services engineers.

Troubleshooting Procedures 5–1

Self-Tests

POST
The ISE automatically performs a self-test whenever power is
applied. This power-on self-test (POST) is designed to detect
most faults that occur in the ISE. More information on POST is
found in Chapter 2.
Internal Tests and Calibrations
Periodic internal tests and calibrations are performed as a
normal part of the operation of the ISE. These tests are run
automatically on a periodic basis and cause the device to appear
active (although there may be no system activity at the time).
This is normal, and does not indicate a problem.

5–2 Troubleshooting Procedures

Failure
Indications

An ISE may fail during initial power-up or during normal
operation. The following table describes the states of the LEDs,
what these states mean, and what actions you should take.
When . . .

It means . . .

And you . . .

The Ready LED is on
and the Fault LED is off

the operating condition
is normal

may use the ISE.

The Fault and Ready
LEDs turn on and stay
on

the ISE is unable to
execute the POST

power down
the system,
check the DSSI
cable, and try
again. If failure
persists, call
Digital Customer
Services.

Neither LED turns on

the correct amount
of power may not be
getting to the ISE

check the power
supply cable
and the DSSI
cable. If failure
persists, call
Digital Customer
Services.

The Fault LED turns on
and stays on

a fault condition exists

run local
programs, as
described in
Chapter 4, to
isolate failure.
If unable to
access local
programs, check
the DSSI node
ID. If failure
persists, call
Digital Services.

Troubleshooting Procedures 5–3

Before
Calling Digital
Customer
Services

If a failure occurs with the ISE, make sure:
•

The ISE has the correct DSSI node ID

•

No other device on the DSSI bus has the same node ID

Refer to Chapter 3 to make sure the DSSI node ID is set
correctly. If the ID is set correctly and the ISE still fails, call
Digital Customer Services.

5–4 Troubleshooting Procedures

6
Digital Customer Services
Types of Service Plans
In this Chapter

This chapter describes a range of flexible services offered by
Digital Customer Services.

On-Site Service

On-site service offers the convenience of service at your site
and insurance against unplanned repair bills. For a monthly
fee, you receive personal service from our service specialists.
Within a few hours, the specialist is dispatched to your site
with equipment and parts to give you fast and dependable
maintenance.

BASIC Service

BASIC service offers full coverage from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday. Options are available to extend your coverage to
12-, 16-, or 24-hour periods, and to include Saturdays, Sundays,
and holidays. Under the basic service plan all parts, materials,
and labor are covered in full.

Digital Customer Services 6–1

DECservice

DECservice offers a premium, on-site service providing
committed response to remedial service requests made during
contracted hours of coverage. Remedial maintenance will be
performed continuously until the problem is resolved, which
makes this service ideal for customers requiring maximum
service performance. Under DECservice all parts, materials, and
labor are covered in full.

Carry-In service

Carry-in service offers fast, personalized response, and the
ability to plan your maintenance costs for a smaller monthly
fee than On-Site Service. When you bring your unit to one of
the many Digital SERVICenters worldwide, factory-trained
personnel repair your unit within 2 days. This service is
available on selected terminals and systems. Contact your local
Digital Customer Services office to see if this service is available
for your unit.
Digital SERVICenters are open during normal business hours,
Monday through Friday.

DECmailer

DECmailer offers expert repair at a per use charge. This
service is designed for users who have the technical resources
to troubleshoot, identify, and isolate the module causing the
problem. Mail the faulty module to our Customer Returns
Center where the module is repaired and mailed back to you
within 5 days.

6–2 Digital Customer Services

Per Call Service

Per call service offers a maintenance program on a
noncontractual, time-and-materials-cost basis. This service
is appropriate for customers who have the expertise to perform
first-line maintenance, but may occasionally need in-depth
support from Digital Services.
Per call service is available as a supplement to three of our
service plans, as shown in the table below.

For More
Information

Service Plan

Turnaround Time

Coverage is Available . . .

BASIC

ASAP

12-, 16-, or 24-hours a day
including weekends and holidays,
depending on option chosen

On-Site

2 to 3 days

24 hours a day, 7 days a week

Carry-In

2 to 3 days

During normal business hours

For more information on these service plans, prices, and special
rates for volume customers, call the Digital Customer Services
office nearest you.

Digital Customer Services 6–3

Index
A
Accessing local programs, 4–1
using console commands, 4–4
using MDM, 4–6
using VMS, 4–2

B
BBR, 1–6

C
Calibrations, 2–18, 2–29, 5–2
Command flow, 2–15
Command protection, 2–16

D
Data flow, 2–13
Data protection, 2–14
Diagnostics, 2–28
Diagnostics and utilities, 2–28, 2–31
DIRECT, 2–32, 4–7
Disk sector format, 2–23
DKUTIL, 2–32, 4–25
command modifiers, 4–27
DKUTIL commands, 4–26
DEFAULT, 4–29
DISPLAY, 4–30
DUMP, 4–32
EXIT, 4–35
GET, 4–36
HELP, 4–37
POP, 4–38

DKUTIL commands (cont’d)
PUSH, 4–39
REPLACE, 4–40
SET SIZE, 4–41
Drive module, 2–1, 2–33
block diagram, 2–12
controls and indicators, 3–16
DSSI node ID switches, 3–19
electronics, 2–9
interfaces, 2–5
LEDs, 3–20
DRVEXR, 2–32, 4–8
dialogue, 4–9
modes, 4–10
DRVTST, 2–32, 4–11
dialogue, 4–11
error messages, 4–12
DSA, 1–1
DSSI bus, 1–2
DSSI node ID plug, 3–3, 3–5, 3–15
DUP server, 2–19, 2–28, 2–29

E
ECC, 1–6, 2–23, 2–37
ERASE, 2–32, 4–15
dialogue, 4–17
Error codes, 2–34
Error detection, 2–34
Error handling, 2–23
Error history, 2–35
Error logs, 2–36

Index–1

F
Failure indications, 5–3
Fault LED, 2–33, 3–1, 3–4, 3–6, 3–16, 5–3
Firmware structure, 2–17

H
HDA, 2–1, 2–3
HISTRY, 2–32, 4–14

I
ISE, 1–2

M
MSCP error logs, 2–36
Bad Block Replacement Summary, 2–36
Read/Write Error Log, 2–36
Servo Performance Warning, 2–36
MSCP server, 1–2, 2–19
Multihost, 1–6, 2–20, 2–29

O
OCP, 3–1
for BA200 series enclosure, 3–2
for BA400 series enclosure, 3–5
Operator control panel, 2–33, 3–1

P
PARAMS, 2–18, 2–32, 2–34, 4–42
PARAMS commands, 4–43
EXIT, 4–43, 4–44
HELP, 4–43, 4–45
LOCATE, 4–43, 4–46
SET, 4–43, 4–47
SET and SHOW parameters, 4–48
SHOW, 4–43, 4–49
SHOW classes, 4–50
STATUS, 4–43, 4–52
WRITE, 4–43, 4–54
ZERO, 4–43, 4–56

Index–2

Periodic tests, 2–18, 2–29, 5–2
POST, 2–28, 5–2
PRFMON, 2–32

R
RBN, 2–22
RCT cache, 1–6
RCT caching, 2–22
Read cache, 2–22
Ready LED, 3–4, 3–6, 3–16, 5–3
Request fragmentation, 1–6, 2–21
RF31 ISE
description, 1–3
specifications, 1–7
RF31F, 1–1
RF31F ISE
specifications, 1–7
RF31T, 1–1
RF35/RF31T ISE
description, 1–4
specifications, 1–10
RF36 ISE
description, 1–4
specifications, 1–14
RF72 ISE
description, 1–5
specifications, 1–18
RF73 ISE
description, 1–5
specifications, 1–21
RF74 ISE
description, 1–5
specifications, 1–24

S
SCA, 1–2
Sector format, 2–23
Sector header process, 2–24
Seek ordering, 1–6, 2–21
Service plans
BASIC service, 6–1
Carry-in service, 6–2
DECmailer, 6–2

Service plans (cont’d)
DECservice, 6–2
On-site service, 6–1
Per call service, 6–3
Soft errors, 2–36
Specifications
RF31 current and power, 1–8
RF31 environmental, 1–9
RF31 media, 1–8
RF31 performance, 1–7, 1–10
RF31F current and power, 1–8
RF31F environmental, 1–9
RF31F media, 1–8
RF31F performance, 1–7, 1–10
RF35/RF31T current and power, 1–11
RF35/RF31T environmental, 1–12
RF35/RF31T media, 1–11
RF35/RF31T performance, 1–10
RF36 current and power, 1–15
RF36 environmental, 1–16
RF36 media, 1–15
RF36 performance, 1–14
RF72 current and power, 1–19
RF72 environmental, 1–20
RF72 media, 1–19
RF72 performance, 1–18
RF73 current and power, 1–22
RF73 environmental, 1–23
RF73 media, 1–22
RF73 performance, 1–21

RF74 current and power, 1–25
RF74 environmental, 1–26
RF74 media, 1–25
RF74 performance, 1–24
STATUS THREADS, 2–18

T
Transient errors, 2–35

V
VERIFY, 2–32, 4–19
dialogue, 4–19
error messages, 4–23
warning messages, 4–24

W
Write-enabling
a storage element, 3–7
an RF35/RF31T storage element, 3–7 to
3–12
an RF36 storage element, 3–7 to 3–12
Write-protecting
a storage element, 3–7
an RF35/RF31T storage element, 3–7 to
3–12
an RF36 storage element, 3–7 to 3–12

Index–3