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Document:	VAX-11/782 User's Guide
Order Number:	AA-M543A-TE
Revision:	0
Pages:	48
Original Filename:	AA-M543A-TE_VAX-11_782_Users_Guide_May82.pdf

OCR Text

VAX-11/782
User’s Guide
Order No. AA-M543A-TE

May 1982

This document describes the VAX-11/782 attached processor system.

REVISION/UPDATE INFORMATION:

This is a new document
for this release.

SOFTWARE VERSION:

VAX/VMS Version 3.0

digital equipment corporation - maynard, massachusetts

First

Printing,

May

1982

The information in this document is subject to change
without
notice
and
should
not
be
construed
as
a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no
responsibility
for

any

The

software

and

errors

may

that

may

described

wused

appear
in

this

document.

document

copied

only

assumed

for

the

furnished

accordance

under

with

the

1license

terms

such

license.
No

responsibility

equipment

that

affiliated

not

supplied

use

Digital

reliability

Equipment

software

Corporation

its

companies.

Rights

Printed

The

postpaid

READER'S

requests
the user's
documentation.
The

following

are

COMMENTS

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Reserved.

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Equipment

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Corporation, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532

CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE

o«

¢«

MANAGEMENT

COMMANDS

START/CPU

STOP/CPU

SHOW/CPU

Error

WRITEABLE

EXCEPTION

AST

5.2

Quantum

&«
¢
«

o
¢
«

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o
o

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o

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MONITORING

Entries
.

System

THE

SYSTEM

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4-1

PRIORITY

4-3

SERVICES

4-3

4-4

Performance

CONSIDERATIONS
SECTIONS

PROCESS

ADDRESSES

SYSTEM
USING

$CRMPSC

OVERVIEW

INITIALIZATION

5.1

SYSTEM

VAX-11/782

SCHEDULING

VERSION

USER-WRITTEN

ATTACHED

3.0

MULTIPROCESSING

PHYSICAL

Configuration

EXECUTIVE-MODE,

o«

CONSIDERATIONS

ACCESSING

PROCESSOR

Memory

USING

SYSTEM

¢«

GLOBAL

HFOWYWWOWOH WMNDN

VERSION

SYNCHRONIZATION

¢«

Codes

Monitoring

¢«

FOR

AND

Log

Bugcheck

VAX/VMS

the

SYSTEM

SYSTARTUP.COM

MAINTAINING
wN
=

WWwwwwwww
i
I
WWNNDNDN
K

DCL

VAX-11/782

VAX/VMS

o
s

et o
e
o

w
°
e

THE

Executing BOOTBLDR.COM .
. +
Shutting Down the System . . .
Booting the VAX-11/782 System

PROGRAMMING

L
2

Determining

EDITING

1=y

Performing the Upgrade Procedure
Building Multiprocessing Console

SYSTEM
NNDNDDN

INSTALLING

W N

B WN
DN NP

UPGRADING

CONFIGURATION

CHARACTERISTICS

SETTING

LR ST

APPENDIX

PERFORMANCE

SUPPORT

CHAPTER

TERMINOLOGY

SYSTEM

VAX/VMS

WWwWwwwwww

CHAPTER

VAX-11/782

> WN

CHAPTER

MULTIPROCESSING

NN
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INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER

COMMUNICATION

PROCESSOR

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A=-4

HANDLING

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End

STATES

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A-5

A=5

iii

CONTENTS

A.5.3

Powerfail

A.5.4

Bugcheck

o«

¢«

A.5.5

Machine

A.5.6

Error

Check

Logging

A.5.7

Automatic

Restart

INDEX

Limiting

Possible

System

VAX-11/782

A-1

Attached

Processor

System

Resource
States

.
.

Configuration
L4

1-1
1-2

FIGURE

{
WU
w

FIGURES

PREFACE

MANUAL

This

OBJECTIVES

manual

introduces

highlights its features,

the

VAX-11/782

attached

and explains how to set up,

processor

use,

system,

and maintain

it.

INTENDED

This

AUDIENCE

manual

especially

is
for

intended

for

all

system managers,

users of

the

VAX-11/782

system programmers,

and

system,

but

operators.

All users should read Chapter 1.
System managers and operators should
read
Chapters
2
and
3.
Programmers should read Chapter 4.
Those
interested in
a
conceptual
overview
of
VAX/VMS
operating
system
support
of the attached processor system should read Appendix A.
The
information in Appendix A assumes a detailed knowledge of VAX/VMS.

STRUCTURE

This

manual

e
@

THIS

has

DOCUMENT

four

chapters

and

one

appendix.

Chapter
1,
terminology,

Introduction,
configuration

characteristics,

and

Chapter

upgrade

procedures.

Chapter

Setting

Chapter

special

support.

System,

discusses

Management
concern

concern

functions

the

system manager.

programmers.

VAX-11/782
and
changes

System

installation

Considerations,

Programming Considerations,

special

Appendix

up the

System

information

VAX/VMS

discusses
multiprocessing
guidelines,
performance

discusses

information

Overview,

made

and

discusses
VAX/VMS
to

system
support

VAX-11/780

Software

multiprocessing.

ASSOCIATED

DOCUMENTS

This manual

makes

Installation Guide.

frequent

reference

the

PREFACE

CONVENTIONS

Unless

USED

otherwise

THIS

noted,

DOCUMENT

all

numeric

values

are

represented

decimal

notation.
Unless

otherwise

RETURN

key.

specified,

you

terminate

commands

pressing

the

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

The

VAX-11/782

VAX-11/780
MA780

<central

shared

attached

The

terminology

computer

system

(CPUs

the

The

introduction
topics:

used

systems

VAX~-11/782

units

consisting

processors)

two

connected

system

memory.

This chapter provides an
discussing the following

processor

processing

and,

classify the

VAX-11/782

types

particular,

"attached"

the

processor

system~

VAX-11/782

multiprocessing

classification

the

system

configuration

guidelines

and

restrictions

The

performance

the

VAX-11/782:

which it is ideally suited
you can expect compared to
®

l.1

VAX/VMS

support

MULTIPROCESSING

the

and
the

For

types

workload

work

for

throughput

VAX-11/782

TERMINOLOGY

A multiprocessing system consists of
units (processors), each of which is
simultaneously with the other(s) and
memory.

the

the increase
VAX-11/780

simplicity,

this

two or
more
central
processing
capable of executing instructions
of addressing a
common
pool
of

discussion

limited

two-processor

system.

A multiprocessing

relationship
determined

system

between

using

the

two

following

classified

execute

single

executes

1its

multiprocessing

two

system

Symmetry,

that

access

operating

copy

system

own

is,

©processors.

copy

whether

system

This

the

basis

the

relationship can

criteria:

Coupling, that is, whether or not
single
copy
of
the
operating

multiprocessing

can

1its

the

both
processors
system.
If both

opérating

"tightly

coupled."

"loosely

coupled.”

the

not

code

operating

both

(and

system,

each

the

processor

systenm,

processors

therefore

execute
a
processors

the

have

equal

other

system

resources) .
If
each
processor
can
execute
all
of
the
operating
system
code,
the
multiprocessing
system
is
"symmetrical." If one of the processors cannot execute all
of
the
operating
system
code,
the
multiprocessing
system is
"asymmetrical."

INTRODUCTION

loosely

coupled

system

The VAX-11/782 is
tightly
coupled,
all the operating
"master"),

1loosely

fails,
to

the

processor

processors

the

other

tightly

symmetrical

not

other

This

1is

one

(or

called

the

system,

the

advantage

than

multiprocessing

each

other.

system,
fails.

the

primary

the

attached

powerfail,

the

failure

occurs

the

processors

referred

primary

the

processor
processor

processor

attached

the

fails,
for

any

fails.

However,

tightly coupled, asymmetrical multiprocessing
advantage
of
"high
availability,"
it

does

being

1is
of

the capability
which processor

suited

and

coupled,

asymmetrical

VAX-11/782

for

"dynamic

of
is

System

attached

VAX-11/782

load

system
does
have the

1leveling."., Dynamic

assigning a job
free to execute

Overview,

processors

to either
the job.

describes

function

detail

together

1load

processor

how

the

tightly

system.

SYSTEM

CONFIGURATION

consists

two

VAX-11/780

processors,

from

MA780
shared
memory
subsystems,
the
various peripheral devices.
The VAX/VMS

VAX/VMS operating
operating system

devices

shared

primary

run.

primary

the

fails

the

Appendix

the

VAX-11/782

the

system,

processor,

continues

MA780

In
a
execute

processor

multiprocessing

other.

asymmetrical

leveling
the basis

The

each

independent

advantage

l.2

restricted

unaffected.

processor

Though the
have

tightly

"slave").

coupled,

are

not

"primary"

1is

processor

system.
that can

the

that

attached

power

asymmetrical
the processor

independent

attached

reason

(or

while

availability."

processors

symmetrical,

asymmetrical.

processor

coupled,

are

"high

typically

a
tightly
coupled,
asymmetrical system,
system code is called

while

"attached"

typically

memory.

Peripheral

are

two

four

system, and
is
1located

connected

the

primary processor.
1-1

depicts

VAX-11/782

Figure

system.

The

following

restrictions
devices:
1.

one

list
as

contains
they

several

possible

VAX-11/782

apply

configurations

configuration

processors,

the

guidelines

and

memory,

and

peripheral

Processors
@

Both

processors

must

the

same

hardware

ECO

revision

level.
®

Both

processors

must

running

the

same

version

microcode.
@

Both

processors

example,

must

one

accelerator,

then

The

Writeable

have

the

same

processor

has

the

other

must

Control

Store

(WCS)

CPU

optional

have

option

options.

For

floating-point

too.

not

supported.

INTRODUCTION

MA780

MA780
PORT
VAX

SHARED
MEMORY
#1

S
B
'

11/780

ATTACHED
PROCESSOR

MA780
PORT

VAX

S
B
:

11/780
PRIMARY
PROCESSOR

MA780

SHARED

MA780

PORT

MEMORY

PORT

UNIBUS
ADAPTOR

MASSBUS
ADAPTOR

ZK-903-82

Figure

1-1:

A Possible VAX-11/782

System Configuration

Memory

All active memory is MA780 shared
memory.
attached to either processor is ignored.
There

may

subsystems,
of

memory.

The

MA780

shared

contiguous
starting

Since
the

not

all

two

one

memory

physical

MA780

used

four

containing

physical

VAX-11/782

coupled

from

each

address

shared

memory

system,

MA780

concurrently

memory

shared

memory

a maximum of

subsystems
addresses,

multiprocessor

MA780

Local

must
with

2 megabytes

1located

the

first

MA780

used

shared

main

memory

subsystems

may

interconnects

configurations.

for

loosely

(Loosely

coupled

multiprocessor configurations using
MA780
shared
were implemented in Version 2.0 of VAX/VMS.)

memory

Each MA780 subsystem must be configured
at
(Transfer Request) level on both processors.
Both

the

primary and

kilobytes of
This

local

memory must

attached

(MS780)

processor

memory for

configured

the

must

same

have

256

diagnostic purposes.
level

Each MA780 shared memory subsystem should have
the
cache
invalidation
map
option.
This option reduces traffic on
the Synchronous Backplane Interconnect (SBI)
by
reducing
the
number
of
<cache
invalidate
requests
sent to each
processor.
By keeping track of which locations
in
MA780
memory
have
been
placed in the cache of each processor,

INTRODUCTION

the

option

only
that

Peripheral
e

All

cache

invalidate

active

peripheral

devices

processor.

attached

processor

are

terminal

must

console

RPO7

requests

cache

contains

the

location

sent

Devices

primary

allows

to the processor(s) whose
has been invalidated.

disks

must
per

megabytes

must

Peripheral

connected

devices

connected

the

ignored.
be

connected

be operated at a
second,
rather

each

throughput
2.2

than

processor.

1.3

megabytes

rate

per

second.

1.3

The

DR780

PERFORMANCE

The

performance

system

(CPU

these

cannot

system

used.

CHARACTERISTICS
of

any

resources.

cycles),

interface

computer

The

memory,

major

and

I/O

system

1limited

resources

bandwith.

by
are

the

restriction

any

resources

may degrade system performance (measured by
time taken to complete a job or the terminal response time)
of how great the other resources may be.
In

any

computer

usually

the

resource

and

depends

the

Figure

1-2

and

delay

system

system,

limiting
on

nature

depicts
for

complete

job

the

system

the

which

can

terminal

above

Which

three

system

configuration

system

resource
(hardware

among

processing

system
(CPU)

interpreted

response

time

CPU

the

limiting

and

software)

resources,

workload,

for

power
the

the

time

interactive

MEMORY

170

LOAD
ZK-904-82

1-2:

either the
regardless

resources

DELAY

Figure

power

one

workload.

relationship

Delay

system

the

system

resource.

one

resource.

available

processing

Limiting

System

Resource

limiting
taken

users.

INTRODUCTION

this

system, as the load increases, delay increases along
the
CPU
therefore,
processing power is the limiting system resource.
suitable workload, such a system would profit by the
addition
of
an
attached
processor,
whereas
an
increase
in
memory or I/O
resources would not improve system performance.
curve;
Given a

Note that
example,

in another
adding
an

system where the limiting resource is memory, for
attached
processor
would
not
improve
system

performance.

processing

power

single-processor

a VAX-11/782
throughput.

system can
However,

computational

greatly
on
processor to
keep

both

limiting

system,

the

resource
VAX-11/780

the

performance

the

VAX-11/782

suitable
jobs
for
a sufficient
number

the
of

system

job
as a

depends

attached
jobs
to

busy.

for

workload

system

upgrading

result in a 60 to 80 percent increase
in
because
the attached processor functions

workhorse,

processors

The

the

the
availability
of
execute, as well as on

An ideal workload
guidelines:

VAX-11/780

the

VAX-11/782

consists

one

that

multiple

meets

Jjobs

the

following

"multistreamed"

workload)
.

There must

be multiple processes

keep

both

one

large

computational

VAX-11/782

processors

unless

processes

that

job

could

ready to

busy.

executed

application

would

not

broken

executed

run

faster

down

in order

consisting
on

the

into multiple

simultaneously

both

processors.

The

workload

contains

"compute-intensive"

jobs.

A compute-intensive job is one whose speed
of
completion
is
governed
primarily
by
the
amount
of
CPU time it gets, as
opposed to an
"I/O
bound"
Jjob
whose
speed
of
completion
depends primarily upon the speed in which its I/O requests are
serviced.

summarize,

the

compute-intensive,

addition

compute-intensive
increase
system

multistreamed

attached

processor

workloads
than

those

benefit

much

that

less

are

or multistreamed.
For example, it
1is
possible
to
throughput
by
running compute-intensive batch jobs

concurrently

with multiple I/O-intensive
Jjobs
(terminal
wusers,
for
example).
Since
the
compute-intensive
batch
job will be executed
almost entirely
by
the
attached
processsor,
1leaving
the
primary

processor
users
the

l.4

free

experience

batch

to
no

execute
delay

terminal
a

result

users'
of

the

processes,

concurrent

terminal
of

job.

VAX/VMS

SUPPORT

THE

VAX-11/782

Minimal code changes were made in VAX/VMS to
attached
processor
system.
Approximately

support
the
17
pages
of

nonpaged
memory
accommodates
the
necessary
code
additional
memory
1is
not
required
when running a
VAX-11/780

the

execution

VAX-11/782
additional

changes.
This
single-processor

system.

When the attached processor is started by
the
START/CPU
command,
a
number
of
hooks
are
inserted
1into
some
modules
of
the VAX/VMS
executive to mark
locations
where
control
will
pass
to
the
new
multiprocessing code that is loaded into nonpaged memory.

INTRODUCTION

For

example,

VAX/VMS

been

added

ASTDEL

AST

BUGCHECK

Bugcheck

PAGEFAULT

Translation

SCHED

Process

the

VAX-11/782

processor

components

Thus,

have

primary

and

hooks

the

following

modules

1in

the

only

the

executive:

delivery

and

for

both

processors

buffer

scheduling

tightly

coupled,

executes

VAX/VMS

queueing

include

invalidates
and

rescheduling

asymmetrical

kernel-mode
the

code.

system,

Kernel-mode-code

following:

The
1I/0
subsystem,
independent
routines

including
device
drivers,
device
within
the
executive, and most system
particular the Queue I/0 Request system service)

services

(in

The

page

fault

The

scheduler

the

primary

schedules

Appendix
VAX/VMS

all

and

the

and

the

timer-related

processor
work

VAX-11/782

support

handler

handles

the

©System

the

all

swapper

system
I/0

Overview,

VAX-11/782

and

VAX-11/782

attached

services
page

fault

requests,

system.

describes
processor

system.

detail

CHAPTER

SETTING

A VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

The VAX-11/782 attached processor system is supported by
Version
3.0
of VAX/VMS.
Therefore, to set up a VAX-11/782 system, you must either
install

This

upgrade

chapter

VAX/VMS

describes

two

Version

3.0.

procedures:

How to upgrade a VAX-11/780 system running VAX/VMS
to a VAX-11/782 system running VAX/VMS Version 3.0

How to

Follow the

upgrade

install

VAX/VMS

first

procedure

package;

the

VAX-11/782

Version

3.0

vyou

have

second

1if

Version 2.5

new VAX-11/782

purchased

you

the

system

VAX-11/782

have purchased

new

system.

VAX/VMS system maintenance
updates
are
applied
to
the
VAX-11/782
attached
processor
system in the same way as they are applied to the
single-processor
VAX-11/780
system.
Refer
to
Chapter
5
in
the
VAX-11/780
Software
1Installation
Guide
for a description of how to
apply

The

system maintenance

procedures described
@

The

required

updates.

this

VAX-11/782

chapter
hardware

and
configured.
You
should
configuration information:
in
of

memory

controllers

controllers,

are

the

confiqured,

assume
has

the

following:

already

been

installed

keep a record of certain memory
particular, the number and type
processor

and

the

amount

levels

memory

which

the

each

controller.

2.1
The

You are familiar with
the
normal
VAX/VMS
upgrade
procedures,
which
are
described
VAX-11/780 Software Installation Guide.

UPGRADING
procedure

TO VAX/VMS VERSION
described

this

3.0

section

describes

VAX-11/780
system
running VAX/VMS Version
running VAX/VMS Version 3.0.
This procedure
described in a

installation
and
in
detail in the

consists of the following
following section:

2.5

steps,

how

each

upgrade

VAX-11/782

of which

system

fully

Upgrade VAX/VMS Version 2.5 to Version 3.0 by performing
the
upgrade procedure for the single-processor VAX-11/780 system.
This procedure is described in Chapter 4
of
the
VAX-11/780

Software Installation Guide.

SETTING

Build
and

Reboot

Edit

case,

2,1.1

the

console

system

attached

steps

the

and

Perform the upgrade procedure
Software Installation Guide.

described

If your system has
configured
at
TR
VAX~11/780 console

However,
1f
configured at

alphabet

allows

MA780

the

shared

level

memory.

the

and

with

booting

system

system is booted from
diagnostic supervisor

During the
VAX-11/780

Chapter

primary

replaced

on).

with

a part
number
the system from

512

kilobytes

booted

3.0
or
1In this

VAX-11/780

of local
console

memory
floppy

(in a higher part

subsequent

letter

the

of
AS-E633R-DE
or
higher
local (MS780) memory or from

from

the

1local
(MS780)
memory
current version of the
the upgrade procedure.

number of AS-E633R-DE or higher
R would

floppy disk

for

VAX/VMS
Version
above procedure.

at least 512
kilobytes
of
level
1,
you can use your
floppy disk when you perform

part

letter

such

A console

the

system.

vyour
system does not have 512 kilobytes
TR level 1, you must use
a
VAX-11/780

the

for

Procedure

with

disks

processor

system is already running
not perform step 1 in the

perform

Performing

number,

floppy

processors.

Upgrade

~disk

SYSTEM

SYSTARTUP.COM.

VAX-11/780
vyou
need

only

A VAX-11/782

multiprocessing

attached

If your
higher,

local

memory

MA780 shared memory.
Note,
is always booted using local

upgrade
system

procedure, the system will
because
VAX/VMS
Version

upgrade

procedure,

1is

memory;

be
2.5

configured

otherwise,

however,
memory.

that

the
the

a
single-~processor
does not support the

VAX-11/782.

During

the

you create

new console

floppy disk

a
new
system
disk.
The final steps of the upgrade procedure
shut down the system and then reboot it.
After rebooting, the

running

VAX/VMS

Version

3.0

single-processor

and

are to
system

VAX-11/780

system.

The

process

2.1.2

step

described

Building

Each processor
floppy
disk.
booting of the

build

multiprocessing

the

Multiprocessing

console

floppy

disks.

This

section.

Console

Floppy Disks

in the VAX-11/782 system
must
have
1its
Multiprocessing
console
floppy
disks
VAX-11/782
attached
processor
system

own
console
allow for the
by
means
of

several
boot command procedures.
These boot command procedures cause
MA780 shared memory rather than local memory to be used, and they
set
the
memory configuration registers to ensure that MA780 shared memory

configured

the

low physical

memory at the higher addresses.

addresses

(beginning

and

local

In addition, each
multiprocessing
console
floppy
disk
contains
a
"Reset
Memory"
command
procedure RMEM.COM, which is specific to the
processor and the
processor's
memory
configuration.
The
RMEM.COM
command
procedure
reconfigures
local
memory
to
start at physical

SETTING

address 0 and MA780
addresses.
Thus,

VAX-11/782

should

system

so desire,

UP A VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

shared memory to start at adjacent higher physical
after
executing
RMEM.COM,
vyou
can
boot
the

single-processor

by using

VAX-11/780

system,

standard VAX-11/780 console

you

floppy disk.

build
multiprocessing
console
floppy
disks,
you
execute
the
interactive
command
procedure SYSSUPDATE:BOOTBLDR.COM.
This command
procedure first creates a new console
floppy
disk
for
the
primary
processor
and
then
one
for
the attached processor.
The procedure

executes interactively;

memory configuration

it prompts

the

vyou

system.

The following sections describe how to
memory configuration of the system and

for

information

about

the

obtain
information
about
the
how to execute BOOTBLDR.COM.

2.1.2.1
Determining the Memory Configuration - For
the
purposes
of
executing
BOOTBLDR.COM,
you must determine the following information
about

each memory controller on

at which

the

The

TR level

Its

type:

The amount of memory it holds

either

system:

MS780

is configured
or

MA780

(in

increments of

.25 megabytes)

You will need the above information for both the primary and
attached
processors.
You can obtain this information by asking a DIGITAL Field
Service
Representative
for
the
information
or
by
following
the
procedure
in
this
section.
If
you
already
know
the
memory
configuration of the system,

proceed

Section 2.1.2.2.

This section describes how to obtain this information
first
for
the
primary
processor and then for the attached processor.
The procedure
is

the

same

in both

cases,

with

the

following

exceptions:

For the
primary
processor,
perform
the
procedure
at
the
primary
processor's
console
terminalj;
for
the
attached
processor, at the attached processor's console terminal.

You need to determine the TR level and memory amount
of
each
MA780
controller only once (for the primary processor), since
an MA780 memory controller must be configured at the same
TR
level

both

information
that
MA780
same

To determine

perform

the

level)
on

the

processors.

Note

however

that

obtaining

twice (for both processors) allows
you
memory
has
been configured correctly
both

memory

following

this

to
check
(is at the

processors.

configuration

steps:

the

primary

processor,

Put the console terminal of the primary processor in
console
mode
(if
it
is
not
already
in console mode) by entering
CTRL/P
on
the
console
terminal
keyboard.
(The
console
terminal
is
in
console
mode
when pressing the RETURN key
displays the console mode prompt >>>.) Then
issue
the
HALT
command.

1Issue

the

following

EXAMINE

EXAMINE command:

20002000

Interpret the value displayed by this
information

level

1):

about

the

type

command

of device connected

determine

TR1

(TR

SETTING

the

two

A VAX-11/782

rightmost

digits

are

memory controller containing
configured at TRI1.

determine

controller,
e

the

amount

perform

the

Determine
held
by

the
the

displayed
decimal)

value as
of
bits

SYSTEM

either

kilobyte

memory

following

number of 64
controller by

09,

memory

MS780

boards

contained

1in

this

steps:
kilobyte
memory
boards
further interpreting the

follows:
determine the value
9
through 12;
then add 1 to

(in
the

result.

Calculate the total memory
on
this
multiplying
the
number
of
memory

controller
boards
by

by
64

kilobytes.

Convert

the

dividing

kilobyte

1024

value

megabyte

wvalue

kilobytes.

If the two rightmost digits are either 10 or 11,
memory
controller
containing
0.25
megabyte
kilobyte) memory boards is configured at TR1.

an MS780
(or
256

To determine the
amount
of
memory
contained
controller, perform the following steps:

1in

Determine
held
by

the
the

displayed

value

decimal)

this

number of 0.25 megabyte memory
boards
controller by further interpreting the

bits

follows:
11

determine

through

14;

the

then

value

add

(in
the

result.

Calculate the total memory
on
this
multiplying
the
number
of
memory

controller
by
boards by 0.25

megabytes.

43,
(or

the two rightmost digits are in the range
40
an
MA780 memory controller containing 0.25
256 kilobyte) memory boards is configured at

megabyte
TR1.

determine

1in

controller,

amount
the

memory

following

contained

0000000C

Examine

console

the

yields

result

terminal.

the

For

above

example,

EXAMINE

Inspect

the

value

displayed

Extract

the

fifth

digit

Add 1 to
boards.

this

digit

obtain

Multiply

the

result

0.25

memory

the examined
is 20002000.

2000200C.

command

total

this

steps:

Add the value 0000000C (hexadecimal) to
address.
The examined address for TR1
Adding

the

perform

through

addition

for

TR1l,

the

issue

the

2000200C.

from

megabytes.

this

the

command.

right.

number

megabytes

memory

obtain

the

SETTING

1If

the

two

UP A VAX-11/782

rightmost

hexadecimal,

TR1.

You

should

know

configured
on
than one UBA).
3.

Issue

the

Interpret

your

following

EXAMINE

digits
Unibus

are

the

Adapter
which

system

EXAMINE

SYSTEM

range

(UBA)

(some

1level

systems

through

confiqgured

each

1is

UBA

may have more

command:

20004000

the

value

displayed

information

about

procedure

exactly

1is

the

type

the

same

this

device

that

command

connected

determine

described

TR2.

The

above

for

TR1.

Issue

the

following

EXAMINE

Interpret

EXAMINE

command:

20006000

the

value

displayed

information

about

procedure

exactly

the

type

the

same

this

device

that

command

connected

determine

described

TR3.

The

above

for

TR1.

1Issue

the

following

EXAMINE

20008000

Interpret the value
information
about

procedure

command:

1is

displayed by this
the type of device

exactly

the

same

that

command
to
connected to

described

determine
TR4.
The

above

for

TR1.

Issue

the

following

EXAMINE
Interpret

EXAMINE

command:

2000A000

the

value

displayed

information

about

procedure

exactly

the

type

the

same

this

device

that

command

connected

determine

described

TR5.

The

above

for

TR1.

Issue

the

following

EXAMINE

Interpret

Note

that

one of
to 43,

EXAMINE

2000C000

the

value

displayed

information

about

procedure
TR1.

exactly

the

command:

rightmost

the

type

the

two

same

digits

the above six EXAMINE commands is
or 28 to 2B hexadecimal, neither

Unibus
Adapter
(UBA)
the examined address.
particular
TR
1level
interpret

the

Whereas

any of
the TR

value.

Further,

there

UBA may be
may

Therefore,
you
which correspond

the

determine

described

value

not in the
a
memory

connected

TR6.

The

above

for

displayed

may

than

one

any

UBA

11,
nor

any

40
a

TR level corresponding to
1is
configured
at
that
and you need not further
a

configured

confiqgured

ranges 8 to
controller

microcode

error

the addresses, simply assume that a
level corresponding to the examined

memory controller

through

Further,

command

that

1is configured at the
In
this
case,
what
1is
not
of
concern,

displayed

when
vyou examine
not configured at

this

device

any

level

configured

from
on

level

results
device is
address.
from

through
the

15.

system.

should
examine
the
following additional locations,
to TR levels 7 through 15, respectively, to determine

2-5

SETTING

UP A VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

whether

a
UBA
is
configured
at any of these TR levels:
2000E000,
20010000, 20012000, 20014000, 20016000, 20018000, 2001A000,
2001C000,
and
2001E000.
Remember
that
if
the
two
rightmost digits of the

displayed value are in the
the TR level corresponding
You

have

now

determined

processor.

processor,

repeat

range 28 through 2B, a UBA
to the examined address.

the

determine
the

memory
the

above

configuration

memory

procedure

the

you need not obtain information about
since
information about MA780 memory

primary and attached
the
six
addresses
processor's

You

have

the

now

all

2.1.2.2

console

terminal

determined

the

memory

needed

BOOTBLDR.COM
that

attached

processors.

set

your

BOOTBLDR.COM

builds

The
can

only

about

messages

indicate

what

discusses

those

section

procedure

that

what

have
control.
information.
If

memory

the

system.

whenever

console
in

enter

parts

That is,
you want
itself

you

that

information,

primary

you

change

TYPE

execute

its

memory

the

same

memory

system

for

which

and

executes,

gives

vyou

displays

place.

the

command

procedure

1issuing

the

over

which

respond to requests
you
can
read
the

following

command

the

SYS$SUPDATE:BOOTBLDR.COM

BOOTBLDR.COM,

you
are
memory on

creating

initialize
the
system.
If you enter

the

issue

the

following

starting
result if

command:

@SYSSUPDATE:BOOTBLDR

procedure
Enter

Respond

and

initially

created

incorrect memory amounts when executing BOOTBLDR.COM,
these
physical
addresses will be incorrect.
A machine check will
VAX/VMS references an incorrect physical address.

The

terminal:

that the console floppy disks
starting physical addresses of all

You

Proceed

interactive

the

disks
with

it discusses how to
more
information,

an
for

floppy

system

next.

taking

disks

BOOTBLDR.COM when

and

you

Note

one
of
primary

controller.

BOOTBLDR.COM.

floppy

memory configuration

requests

command

MA780

BOOTBLDR.COM

wused

instructions
that

system

BOOTBLDR.COM

console

processor's

console mode, issue
6),
and
interpret

MA780
memory
a
second
is identical for both the

execute

console

multiprocessing

configuration as the
they were created.

This

primary
attached

attached

configuration

the
the

you need not
examine
of that address at the

You must execute

VAX-11/782

configuration.

you
for

revealed

section.

procedure

the

information

Executing

command

processors.
Thus,
1if
an examination

configured

for

configuration

console
terminal.
That
1s, put the terminal in
the six EXAMINE commands (for TR levels 1 through
the displayed values.

Again,
time,

prompts

memory

type

entering

follows:

(MA780,

MS780

MS780
memory
controller
Respond by entering MA780

you

about

all

are

entering

is configured
RETURN key if

controllers

(MS780

2-6

and

end):

information

that is configured on
if you are
entering

MA780
memory
controller that
Respond by simply pressing the

information

MS780,

the primary
information

about

processor.
about
an

on the primary processor.
you have already
entered

MA780)

configured

the

SETTING

primary

processor.

response;

The

for

procedure
Enter

then

Respond by
controller

example,

entering
(MS780

The

does

not

procedure

not

SYSTEM

abbreviate

add

abbreviate

MS780

suffixes

through

vyour

the
or

number
MA780)

6):

of the TR level
at
which
you entered in response to

the
memory
the previous

Enter only a number.
Note that if
you
simply
key
1in
response to the previous question, this

appear.

then

prompts

follows:

Enter amount of memory for this controller in .25
increments (for example, for 512 kilobytes, enter
Respond by
Enter only
megabytes.

MS.

follows:

prompt is configured.
pressed
the
RETURN
prompt

not
do

prompts

level

UP A VAX-11/782

entering the amount of
a number;
that is, do
Note that memory must

megabyte
.5):

memory configured at this TR
1level.
not enter a suffix such as Mbytes or
be
present
1in
increments
of
.25

megabytes.

This

sequence

three

requests

repeated

(and nothing else) in response to the first
RETURN after you have mentioned all memory
the primary processor.
The

procedure
The

The

then

Unibus

letter

displays

Adapter

represents

the

(UBA)
a

following

assumed

number

from

until

vyou

press

RETURN

request.
You should press
controllers
connected
to

message:
to

through

level
15.

Xx.
BOOTBLDR.COM

derives
the
number
represented by the letter x by adding one to the
number of the highest TR level at which an MA780 memory controller
is
configured.
BOOTBLDR.COM uses the TR level of the UBA in the creation
of boot command procedures (such as
DMOBOO.CMD)
for
wunibus
devices
(such as RK06 and RKO0O7 disk drives).
The

procedure
Enter

UBA

the

message,

then
TR

prompts
level

confiqgured

simply

press

follows:

the

UBA

RETURN;

(enter

RETURN

for

1level

displayed

enter

not

1in

UBA is not configured at the
TR
1level
message, enter the TR level at which the

enter

number

and

then

press

default):

the

number.

hand, if a
preceding
only

the

preceding
the

other

displayed
1in
the
UBA is configured;

RETURN.

Note that a system may have more than one UBA
and
that
BOOTBLDR.COM
can
create
boot
command
procedures
for use on only one UBA.
1In a
system with more than one UBA, you must select the UBA for
which
you
want
boot
command
procedures
created.
In
this way, boot command
procedures for devices on that UBA (but not for devices on
the
other
UBA)
The

will

created.

procedure
Enter

VAX/VMS

the

continues
name

supplies

by
the

number

prompting
default
of

boot

default

follows:
command

boot

procedure:

command

procedures

enable

you
to
boot
the
system from various devices.
1In general, the file
name of the default boot command procedure you should
choose
has
as
its
first three characters the device name of the device on which you
expect the system disk to reside;
the
remaining
characters
1in
the
file
name
are
BO0OO0O.CMD.
Read Sections 3.2, 3.2.1, and 3.2.2 in the

2-7

SETTING

VAX-11/780

Software

command

procedure

its

file

name.

The

procedure
Enter

the

(format
Respond
want

select.

prompts

name

entering

the

floppy

you

one

drive

Note

that

ddcu:) .
example,

itself

use

the

(this

you must
That

name

floppy

the

not

CSl:,

conventions,

Installation

number

enter

1is,

specify

naming

disk

determine
to

drive

floppy

the CPU cabinet), enter the
drive, enter the name DYx:,

the

respond

the

which

default

request

boot

entering

follows:

device

Only

Then

SYSTEM

you

want

use

ddu:):

use.

procedure.

(in
disk

Installation Guide
to

then

UP A VAX-11/782

not

floppy

disk

drive

name CSl:.
where x is

usually

device

name

specify

CSAl:.

see

the

disk

For

Section

drive

used

the

that

you

throughout

console

the

subsystem

If you use an RX02 floppy
the unit number printed on
or 1).

disk

the

format

ddu:

(not

controller

designation.
For
information
about
device

2.3

the

VAX-11/780

Software

Guide.

The

procedure then instructs you to insert the original floppy disk in
the
drive
vyou
mentioned.
The original floppy disk is a VAX-11/780
console floppy disk provided
by
DIGITAL,
order
number
AS-E633x-DE
where x is a letter of the alphabet.
The original floppy disk is your
current

console

VAX-11/780
DIGITAL.

floppy disk
The

not

Respond

The

the

After

insert

then

you

not

VAX-11/782

the

upgrade

continue?

then

you

prompts

entering

procedure

from

disk

created

procedure
Ready

floppy

systemn.

are

running

have

one,

console

single-processor

order

floppy

one

directly

disk

procedure.

follows:

(YES

NO):

YES.

instructs

you

remove

the

original

floppy

disk

drive,

the

drive.

you

remove

procedure
A

scratch

you.

the

instructs
floppy

original

you

disk

floppy

insert
floppy

disk

scratch

disk

from

the

floppy disk

whose

contents

in the

are

drive.

unimportant

The procedure warns you that the scratch disk will be initialized

prompts

Ready
Respond

After

continue?

entering

processor.

NO):

YES.

minutes,

the

procedure

console

reminds

you

issues

that

MA780

For this reason, the
which MA780 memory is

You have

floppy disk

already provided

message
for

the

memory must

procedure will
configured
on

the

necessary

the

primary

effect

processor

identical

not prompt for
the
attached

information

about

memory.

procedure

processor

That

(YES

multiprocessing
created.

The procedure then
both
processors.
the TR level(s) at

The

and

follows:

several

that the
has been

MA780

from

console

is,

may

MS780

then
be

mentions

different

memory on

that
than

the

MS780
MS780

attached

2-8

(local)
memory

processor

memory on
the

the

primary

may be

attached
processor.

configured

SETTING

different
on

The

the

TR levels;

attached

procedure

UP A VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

further; there may be more or less MS780 memory

processor.

then

prompts

follows:

Is an MS780 (local) memory controller configured at TR level 1?
(YES

Respond
If

you

NO):

entering

answer

YES,

YES
the

there

procedure

is;

there

prompts

follows:

not.

Enter amount of memory for this controller in .25 megabyte
increments (for example, for 512 kilobytes, enter .5):

Respond by entering
is,

not

enter

the

amount of memory.

suffix

such

Mbytes

Enter only a number;
megabytes.

that

The procedure then prompts as follows but substitutes for n the number
of the next TR level at which MA780 memory is not configured:

Is an MS780
(YES

(local)

memory controller configured at TR level n?

NO):

Respond appropriately to this prompt and to the remaining prompts that
ask
whether
MS780
memory
1is configured at particular TR levels (TR
levels at which MA780 memory is not configured).
Remember
that
when
you answer YES at any time, the procedure then asks how much memory is

configured

that particular

TR level.

After you have entered the necessary memory configuration information,
the
procedure
instructs
vyou
to insert a scratch floppy disk in the
previously named floppy disk drive and then prompts as follows:
Ready
Respond

continue?

entering

(YES

NO):

YES.

The procedure then creates a multiprocessing console floppy
the attached processor, issues some messages, and exits.

disk

for

You now have multiprocessing console floppy disks for the primary
and
attached
processors.
Be sure to label them correctly:
ATTACHED for
the attached processor's console floppy disk;
PRIMARY for the primary

processor's

console

floppy disk.

They are

not

interchangeable.

You should also indicate on
the
1label
the
machine
for
which
the
multiprocessing console floppy disks are intended.
These floppy disks
can only be used in a VAX-11/782 system whose memory configuration
1is
identical
to
the memory configuration you described when you created
the floppy disks using BOOTBLDR.COM.
These
floppy
disks
cannot
be
used in a single-processor VAX-11/780 system or in a VAX-11/782 system
with a

different memory configuration.

2.1.3

Shutting

Down

the

After you have created

attached

processors,

System

console

shut

down

floppy

disks

for

the

primary

and

the system by issuing the following

command
:

$ @SYSSMANAGER:SHUTDOWN

This command invokes the
shuts down

system

shutdown

the system in an orderly fashion.

2=-9

command

procedure,

which

SETTING

Ensure
on

both

2.1.4

that

both

console

Booting

processors

are

halted

and

the

VAX-11/782

1Insert

primary

the

primary

the

>>>

both

processors

processor's

console

halted,

console

boot

floppy

floppy disk

Insert the attached processor's console floppy
attached processor's console floppy disk drive.

Issue the
terminal.

Log

Issue

using
the

console

VAX/VMS
should

DCL

INSTALLING

This

section

VAX-11/782
purchased a

the

primary

START/CPU on

command

VAX/VMS

describes

Section

VERSION
how

system

disk

the

disk

the

processor's

the

primary

attached

console

processor's

console

on
the
VAX-11/782
system.
for
editing SYSTARTUP.COM.

You
This

2.3.

3.0

install

system.
Follow
this
new VAX-11/782 systenmn.

VAX/VMS

installation

Version
procedure

The installation procedure consists of the following
which is fully described in the reference given:

the

account.

is now running
the
procedure

described

2.2

SYSTEM

command

BOOT

Version 3.0
now
follow
is

terminal.

Issue the
terminal.

procedure

command

the

appears

drive.

BOOT

prompt

System

and

processor's

SYSTEM

that

terminals.

With the system shut down
in the following manner:
l.

UP A VAX-11/782

3.0
if

you

steps,

have

each

Follow the procedure for installing VAX/VMS Version 3.0
on
a
single-processor
VAX-11/780 system.
This procedure is fully
documented
in
Chapter
2
of
the
VAX-11/780
Software
Installation

procedure,

Boot

Restore

to
®

the

must

part

number,

letter

number

the

save

set

from

the

step

steps

are

this

performed:

distribution

letter

would

alphabet

Version

restores

3.0.

kit

console

AS-E633R-DE

such

performing each step
of
Chapter
2
of
the VAX-11/780
bootable system disk has been

VAX/VMS

they

This

After

running

the

which

distribution

VAX-11/780
of

the

are

BACKUP.

disk.

from

use

following

order

kit

disk.

target

sets

the

required

target

the

save

You

The

stand-alone

the

Boot

Guide.

listed

floppy

higher

replaced

the

disk

(in

with

and

optional

target

higher

disk.

with

part

subsequent

on) .

the
procedure
described
in
Software Installation Guide, a
<created,
and
the
system
1is

SETTING

Log

SYSTEM;

the

system

PASSWORD of

SYSTEM

manager's

account

(USERNAME

MANAGER).

console
building multiprocessing
for
Follow the procedure
This procedure is fully described in Sections
floppy disks.

2.1.2,

2.1.2.1,

and 2.1.2.2 in this manual.

system.

This

Follow the procedure for booting the VAX-11/782 system.

This

Follow the procedure for

procedure is described

down

shutting

the

in Section 2.1.3 in this manual.

procedure is described in Section 2.1.4 in this manual.

procedure

the

for

editing

This

SYSTARTUP.COM.

procedure is described in Section 2.3 in this manual.

site-specific
performing
for
procedures
the
Follow
These procedures are described in
modifications to VAX/VMS.
Chapter 3 of the VAX-11/780 Software Installation Guide.

2.3

using

UP A VAX-11/782

EDITING SYSTARTUP.COM

you
on the VAX-11/782 system,
When VAX/VMS Version 3.0 is running
procedure
command
start-up
site-specific
the
edit
should
SYSSMANAGER:SYSTARTUP.COM to allow automatic restart of the attached
processor

following

system shutdown.

procedure
command
the
edit
this,
accomplish
To
commands:
following
the
include
to
M
SYSTARTUP.CO
SYSSMANAGER:
$

START/CPU

$ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT "You can boot the attached processor now."
On a cold start, you can boot the attached processor when the

"wvou

can

boot

the

attached

processor's console terminal.

processor

message

now" appears on the primary

To boot the attached processor, you can

issue the BOOT command at the attached processor's console terminal,
or you can press the BOOT button on the attached processor's console
panel.

CHAPTER

SYSTEM

This chapter

contains

manager

VAX-11/782

3.1

MANAGEMENT

CONSIDERATIONS

information of special

concern

the

system

system.

DCL COMMANDS FOR MULTIPROCESSING

The system manager uses three DCL commands
to start, stop, and display
the
status
of the attached processor.
These commands are START/CPU,
STOP/CPU,

and

SHOW/CPU.

CMKRNL privilege is required to execute any
The

one

these

commands.

system manager's account typically has CMKRNL privilege.

The START/CPU and STOP/CPU commands
can
change
the
state
of
the
attached
processor, while
the
SHOW/CPU simply displays its current

state.
The six possible states of the attached processor (INITIALIZE,
IDLE,
BUSY,
EXECUTE,
DROP,
and
STOP)
are
described in detail in
Section A.3, while Figure A-1
depicts
the
transition
path
between
these

3.1.1

The

states.

START/CPU

system manager

attached

If the

issues

the

DCL

command

START/CPU

causes

the

attached

processor

the

STOP state,

the

attached

processor

the

INITIALIZE,

IDLE,

or
the

the

DROP

attached

processor

DROP
states,
the
attached processor

states)

INITIALIZE

3.1.2

start

the

processor.

1is

enter

the

START/CPU

INITIALIZE

state.
BUSY,

command

EXECUTE,

START/CPU command has no effect.
In this case,
is already running (the IDLE, BUSY, EXECUTE, or

initializing

itself

+to

prepare

run

(the

state).

STOP/CPU

The system manager
1issues
the
DCL
command
STOP/CPU
to
stop
the
attached
processor.
If the attached processor is already in the STOP
state, the STOP/CPU command has no effect.

If the attached processor is not executing a process when the STOP/CPU
command
1is
issued,
the
attached
processor
simply enters the STOP
state.
If it is executing a process, the attached
processor
returns
the process to the primary processor before entering the STOP state.

SYSTEM

While

the

attached

processor

processor
will
not
attached processor.

3.1.3
The

MANAGEMENT

system

manager

state

uses

the

DCL

attached

attached processor is one of
Section 3.1.
For example:

MAINTAINING
VAX-11/782

systems,

Because
to

the

contain
these

but

STOP
or

state,

make

any

the

SHOW/CPU
The

six

processor

AND MONITORING

system

requires

the

primary

requests

the

possible

display

the

state

the

mentioned

current

states

has

two

and

bugcheck

log

file)

that
or

also

Error

Each error
Register

wuse

the

Log

EXECUTE

maintenance

codes

which

code.

than

3.2.3

two

VAX-11/780

system.

error log entries
(written
(written to the console log)

processor

Sections

Utility

Section

state.

VAX-11/780

processors,

Monitor

system.

the

single

identifies

bugcheck

the

SYSTEM

less

than

topics.

can

THE

VAX-11/782

entry

performance

information
log

3.2.1

command
processor.

slightly

error

You

the
for

SHOW/CPU
Attached

The

work

SHOW/CPU

current

3.2

schedule

CONSIDERATIONS

3.2.1

originated
and

(MONITOR)

discusses

3.2.2

its

the

discuss

monitor

the

use.

Entries

log

entry includes the value
of
a
System
Identification
(SID).
The
SID
uniquely
identifies
each
processor.
Therefore, if you know the SID of each processor,
you
can
determine
which processor made which error log entry.

determine

the

SID of

Put

the

processor's

not

2.,

3.2.2

console

terminal
the

prompt

>>>

command

HALT.

1Issue

the

command

EXAMINE/I

the

processor's

mode)

The

codes

the

letters

processor

for
are

console

entering

mode

when

3E.

The

steps:

mode

(if

CTRL/P.

entering

The

RETURN

value

displayed

SID.

this

the
processor
was
running
command
and
vyou
want it to

Codes

bugchecks

MP,

following

displayed.

Issue the command
CONTINUE
if
before
you
issued
the
HALT
continue running.

Bugcheck

the

terminal

console
to

the

perform

console

Issue

command

processor,

already

console
causes

while

the

same

initiated

the
as

the

codes

for

single

attached

bugchecks

processor

initiated

processor

VAX-11/780

begin
the

with

primary

system.

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS

Monitoring System Performance

3.2.3

about
The Monitor Utility (MONITOR) enables you to obtain information
Utilities
the VAX-11
to
refer
You should
performance.
system
Reference Manual for a detailed description of the Monitor Utllity.

This section describes how to use the Monitor Utility to display
information about the amount of time spent by the primary and attached

processors in the following seven processor modes:
Stack

Interrupt

Kernel

Executive

Supervisor

User

Compatibility Mode

Idle

Mode

Time

To invoke the Monitor Utility,

issue the

command

DCL

MONITOR.

You

Enter the class name MODES to
class name.
a
for
prompted
be
will
specify that you want to monitor the TIME IN PROCESSOR MODES class.

The relevant
You can also issue several qualifiers.
you
If
and /PERCENT.
/ALL,
/NOCPU,
are /CPU,

qualifier

qualifiers here
specify the /CPU

(the default), the amount of time spent by each of

the

two

processors in each of the seven modes (14 items of information) is
time
amount of
If you specify the /NOCPU qualifier, the
displayed.
the seven modes (7 items of
each of
in
spent by both processors
information)

is displayed.

amount of time,
command displays the
following
For example, the
100 clock ticks per second),
(there are
in «clock ticks
measured
currently being spent by both the primary and attached processors in
each

the

seven

processor modes:

$ MONITOR MODES/CPU

all
include
to
display
the
expands
Specifying the /ALL qualifier
that is, time spent by both processors in each
statistics,
available

of the seven modes (1)
MONITOR
(4)

was

invoked,

at the current time,
(3)

(2)

on the

average

since

at a maximum since MONITOR was invoked, and

at a minimum since MONITOR was

invoked.

For

example:

$ MONITOR MODES/CPU/ALL

Specifying the /PERCENT qualifier allows you to read the statistics as
a percentage of the total time rather than as a number of clock ticks.
For

example:

$ MONITOR MODES/CPU/ALL/PERCENT

combinations
various
You can use
These examples are not exhaustive.
qualifiers mentioned in this section, as well as some of the
the
of
Utilities
VAX-11
the
1in
qualifiers discussed
statistics
other
Reference

Manual.

CHAPTER

PROGRAMMING

CONSIDERATIONS

when
concern
of
considerations
programming
This chapter discusses
All programmers who use the VAX-11/782
VAX-11/782 system.
the
using

system

should

read

this chapter.

Almost all programs that run on the single-processor
run

the

VAX-11/782 without modification.

VAX-11/780

However,

will

some programs

may require modification.
The sections in this chapter describe those
characteristics
of
a
program that require careful consideration and
may

indicate

that modification of

that

program

necessary.

In particular, if an
existing
program
has
one
or
more
of
these
characteristics, you should determine whether it requires modification
to run on the VAX-11/782.
Similarly, if you are writing a new program
aware of these program
be
should
vyou
VAX-11/782,
the
on
run
to

characteristics to ensure that you incorporate them correctly

the

program.

4.1

WRITEABLE GLOBAL

A writeable global
(read

and

modified)

SECTIONS

section
by more

is an area of memory that may
than

one

accessed

process.

On a single-processor VAX-11/780 system, access to a global section by
more
than
one process is automatically synchronized by v1rtue of two
facts:

Only the currently executlng

process

can

access

the

global

section.

Only one process can be

However,

execute

the

two-processor

<concurrently,

one

the currently executing

VAX-11/782

each

system,

processor.

two

As a

process.
processes

result,

can

possible that both currently executing processes
will
simultaneously
access
the
same
location(s) in a writeable global section.
If such
access

occurs,

information may be

lost.

In the VAX-11/782 system, when writing an
application
program
using
writeable
global
sections, you must use one of the following methods
to ensure synchronized access
to the
global
sections
by multiple
processes:

PROGRAMMING

Use

interlocked

control

following

the

seven

Clear

BBSSI

Branch

Bit

Set

ADAWI

Add

INSOQTI

Insert

INSQHI

Aligned

into

Queue

Head,

Interlocked

REMQTI

Remove

from

Queue

Tail,

Interlocked

REMOQHI

Remove

from

Queue

Head,

Interlocked

Use

VAX/VMS

Use

services

code

that

executes

writeable

global

executes

kernel-mode

the

Interlocked

most

program

most

code,

designed
configuration that
proper

VAX-11/782

code

that

itself;

use

simultaneous
global section

the

applications,

access

primary

writeable

global

sections

not

testing

access
by
is bound to

two
be

place.

Further,
not

processes

the

will

time,

writeable
global
queue instructions.

not

use

writeable

use

them

have

presented

this

section.

run

the

MA780

1loosely

system

methods;

coupled

PROCESS

(usually
to

multiprocessing

programs

real-time

applications),

series

which

process

synchronization

priority involves

while

executes

priority

scheduling

for

the

always

however,

process
is

all

for

processor.

executing

the

attached

the

fails
the

may

executing

the

other

highest

processor

the

primary

result,
priority

may

not

of
such

priority.

preventing

priority

preemptive

attached

have

run

number

tasks.

by means

highest

should
will

PRIORITY

perform

sequence

the

particular,

interconnect

these

global

followed

error.

synchronization

preemptive

same

synchronization

the

because

processor

You
alone

rare.

processes

from executing.
Because the VAX-11/782
has
two
processors,
impossible to prevent all other processes from executing.

system

the

ensured.

are

rely

processor

that

synchronized

the

programs

the

used

method

with

writeable

those

without

are

the

techniques

to control access
were
interlocked

uses

applications

processes

control

only

synchronization

programs

SYNCHRONIZATION USING

basic

mode

Since

synchronization

methods

Programs

controlled

kernel

section.

application

and

synchronization

the

access

instructions were first available with
Version
2.0
programs
designed
before this time are more likely to
than those designed after Version 2.0.

revision

fact,

control

queue

VAX/VMS;

sections,

section.

If queue instructions were used
sections,
ensure
that
these

The

Interlocked

Insert

since
an
instance
of
location in a writeable

process

Set,

Interlocked

system

The

Interlocked

Tail,

review

some

and

Clear,

Queue

proper

and

into

existing

4.2

section.

Interlocked

that

the

instructions

global

Word,

check

used

ordinary

instructions:

Bit

should

interlocked
on

ensure

need

writeable

Branch

You

instead

the

BBCCI

to
must

global
®

instructions

access

are

CONSIDERATIONS

1is

VAX-11/782

processor

the

process.

but

primary
At

executing

CONSIDERATIONS

PROGRAMMING

the

In fact,

the next highest priority process.

attached

processor

continue to execute a lower priority process even though a higher

may

ready to

is computable and

priority process

execute.

Thus, application programs that use the method of

process
the

priority

VAX-11/782

must

USER-WRITTEN SYSTEM SERVICES

that
services
system
user—written
access to information in a
requir

call
programs
Some application
an
executive mode
in
execute
Process

Control

programs

Such

system.

EXECUTIVE-MODE,

4.3

synchronization

be modified before they will run correctly on

Block

(PCB).

may

have

the

referenced

system—wide

location

SCHSGL_CURPCB in the VAX/VMS executive in order to acquire the address
of

the current

process's

PCB.

However, since the VAX-11/782 system has two processors, there may
be
As a result,
current processes —-- one running on each processor.
two
ensure
you must check all references to the location SCH$GL_CURPCB to

that the correct address will be obtained by all such references.

it makes a
primary processor when
If a process is running on the
A
the PCB address obtained is correct.
SCHSGLCURPCB,
to
reference
if the
process is guaranteed to be runnlng on the primary processor
SCHSGL CURPCB is made while the process is executing in
reference to
kernel mode,

since the

processor

primary

executes

all

kernel-mode

code.

On the other hand, if a process makes
a
reference
to
SCHSGL CURPCB
the PCB address
processor,
attached
the
on
running
1is
it
while

attached
the
on
running
A process may be
obtained is not correct.
if the reference to SCHSGLCURPCB is made while the process
processor
is

running

any mode other

than

kernel

mode.

SCH$GL_CURPCB
1location
the
To solve the problem, you should replace
location CTL$GL PCB in all programs that reference the
new
the
with
than
other
access mode
an
location SCHSGL CURPCB while running in
kernel
mode.
The
new
location CTLS$GL PCB is process-specific, not
system-wide like SCH$GL CURPCB;
it always contains the address of the
current process's PCB.
The
is

system-wide location SCHS$GL CURPCB may still be used if a
process
executing
in
kernel
mode
when
it
makes
the
reference
to

SCH$GL_CURPCB.

When writing programs to run on the VAX-11/782,
you
should
wuse
the
location
CTL$GL PCB
to get the address of the current process's PCB.
CTLSGL PCB contains the address of the current process's PCB,
whether

that

©process

running

the

primary processor or the attached

processor.

to determine
wused
EXESGLMP may be
In addition, the new location
system you are using is running as a VAX-11/782
the
not
or
whether
the
0,
1is
EXESGLMP
If the contents of
attached processor system.
If
is not runnlng as a VAX-11/782 attached processor system.
system
the
system,
processor
attached
VAX-11/782
a
as
running
is
system
the
the new
of
address
wvirtual
starting
the
MP is
EXESGL
of
value

multiprocessing

code

nonpaged memory.

PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
In

general,

should

references

made

accomplished

locations
system

VAX/VMS
system

4.4

either

service

while
by

all

changing

kernel-mode
to

make

executive

1locations

executing

the

all

the

VAX/VMS

mode.

non-kernel-mode

references
reference.

1location

kernel

For

executive

This

references

calling

can
to

be
such

the

appropriate

example,

access

vyou

use

the

EXESGQ SYSTIME,

service,

can

the

SGETTIM

ACCESSING PHYSICAL ADDRESSES USING $CRMPSC

The
Create
and
Map
Section
($CRMPSC)
system
service
allows
a
privileged process (one with PFNMAP privilege) to map a portion
of its
virtual address space to specific physical addresses.
Typically,
the
physical
addresses
of
interest are those of the device registers in
the I/0 space of a processor.
Because

the

connected

VAX-11/782
to

it,

has

the

two

processors,

physical

address

processors.

Therefore, VAX/VMS locks
the
primary
processor.
attached

processor,

any process
If
such

machine

check

one

which

space

not

has

the

same

devices
on

both

using the PFNMAP
privilége
onto
a
process were to eéxecute on the

would

probably

result.

APPENDIX

VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

This appendix provides an overview of VAX-11/782 system functions
and
explains changes made to VAX/VMS to support the attached processor.

The information in
this
chapter
is
conceptual
in
nature
and
is
about how the VAX/VMS
know more
to
want
who
those
intended for

operating

A.l

system

SYSTEM

supports the

VAX-11/782 system.

INITIALIZATION

The first step in the initialization of the VAX-11/782 system
1is
the
bootstrapping
of
the
©primary processor using a command procedure on
the primary processor's console floppy disk.
This
command
procedure
differs
in two
major
respects from the command procedure used in a
single-processor

system:

It directs the primary bootstrap
shared

VAX-11/780

memory

rather

than

local

program

VMB

sets the memory configuration registers to

The

use

MA780

memory.

ensure that:

first MA780 shared memory starts at physical

address

Additional

MA780s

are

placed

contiguous

physical

addresses.

Local
than

(MS780)
the

memory starts at a physical address

highest

shared

memory

higher

address.

After the primary processor
1is
booted,
the
attached
processor
is
started
by the DCL command START/CPU.
This command has the following
effects:

It
allocates
a
multiprocessing

section
of
nonpaged
memory
code
and
1loads this code into

for
the

the
new
allocated

memory.

It inserts hooks in the normal VAX/VMS operating system
code;
these
hooks
cause control to transfer to the multiprocessing
logic.

It modifies a location in the Restart
Parameter
Block
(RPB)
where
the
attached
processor
will begin execution.
Before

modification, this location contains an instruction that jumps
to
itself.
After modification, it contains a pointer to the
address

initialization

This

initialization

that

loaded

into

code

nonpaged

for

the

attached

processor.

part of the multiprocessing
memory.

code

VAX-11/782

The

SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

System

Control Block (SCB)
for the
primary
processor
is
to
contain
the
wvirtual
addresses of exception or
service routines that differ from those
used
in
a
single-processor VAX-11/780 system.
For example, areas of the
SCB are modified to use the new scheduling code and the
MA780
interrupt mechanism.

modified
interrupt

A.2

SCB

PROCESSOR

maintain

kernel-mode
are

for

the

attached

processor.

COMMUNICATION

the
integrity
of
the
VAX/VMS
operating
system
1in
a
system, only the primary processor is permitted to execute

VAX-11/782

and
structures

data

created

protected

interrupt
that

from

arrangement

are

code.
1In this way, vital
manipulated by kernel-mode

simultaneous

eliminates

the

modification

need

operating

both

synchronize

system
interrupt code

and

processors.

access

This

these

structures.,

data

The primary and attached processors communicate
using
the
handling
mechanism
of
VAX/VMS
in
conjunction
with
the
interrupt mechanism of the MA780 shared memory subsystem.

interrupt

For

processor

example,

when

any
¢

the

one

primary

events

The

primary

its

processor

translation buffer.

invalidates

The

primary

The

Similarly,

when

any
e

A.3
A

the

one

the

requests

The

attached

processor

detects

requests

processor

the

process

the

primary

reschedule

event

processor

event.

(such

error)

"state variable,"
possible states:

bugcheck.

STATES

loaded

state

for

1in

logged.

PROCESSOR
the

current

AST

address

processor.

interrupts
events occurs:
requests

attached

space

bugcheck.

processor

The

system

processor

following

attached

must

receives
the

the

occurs:

The

location

the
six

attached

ATTACHED

the

processor

executing

primary processor

that
e

interrupts

following

currently

processor

the

hardware

multiprocessing
the

attached

code

contains

processor.

This

indicates the attached processor
INITIALIZE, IDLE, BUSY, EXECUTE,

information
location,

called

is
in
one
of
DROP, and STOP.

The transition path from one state to another is "owned" by either the
primary
or
the attached processor.
Only the processor that "owns" a
particular transition path can cause a
transition
along
that
path.

Thus,

when

the

attached

processor

that

the

variable.

state

Figure
path

"owns"

A-1

shows

from

one

the

processor

the

six

state

transition

attached
to

another,

path

processor
and

particular

from

the

that

states,
"owner"

state,

state

only

can

the

alter

the

transition

each

transition

VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

path.
A
transition
path
contains
the
1letter
P
1if
the
primary
processor
controls
the transition along that path or the letter A if
does.

IDLE

DROP

O
C

STOP

INITIALIZE

processor

attached

the

BUSY
ZK-905-82

Figure

A-1:

Attached

Processor

States

The attached processor
1is
set
to
the
INITIALIZE
state
multiprocessing code is loaded by the DCL command START/CPU.

After the attached processor has executed
changes

the

state

variable

when

the

its initialization code,

IDLE.

The primary processor checks the state variable whenever it performs a
scheduling
operation.
If
the
state
wvariable
1is set to IDLE, the

primary

processor

process

schedules

run

the

attached

the primary processor schedules a process to
When
processor.
the attached processor, it sets the state variable to BUSY.

run on

The attached processor continuously checks the state variable when the
state
variable is set to IDLE.
When the attached processor finds the
state variable set to BUSY, it sets the state variable to EXECUTE
and
begins

executing

the

process.

The BUSY and EXECUTE states, though similar, must be
wunique
so
that
special
conditions
such
as
powerfail can be handled correctly.
If

powerfail occurs on the attached processor when the state variable
is
However, if the
attached processor simply halts.
the
BUSY,
to
set
state variable

is set

EXECUTE

this

situation,

processor first saves the context of the current process
a Save Process Context instruction)

and then halts.

the

attached

(by executing

The attached processor executes the process until one of the following
conditions

arises:

The process exhausts

The

process

executed

its quantum of CPU time.

requires
kernel

mode.

operating

system

services

that

are

VAX-11/782

When

the

above

When

attached

reasons,

processor

takes

executes

sets

state

interrupts

the

processor,

places

sets

the

own

process

the

state

diagrammed
additional

the

state

The

the

Primary
from the

(or

DCL command

primary processor

A.4

The

from

the

processor

does

appropriate

process

Because

the

not

processor.

state

schedules

IDLE,

the

state

full
that

variable

other

user

transition

circle.
1is
not

path,

However,
part
of

an
the

STOP when

with

either

one

CMKRNL

privilege)

STOP to

INITIALIZE

STOP/CPU.

bugcheck.

state
is

the

processor.

BUSY.

requests

variable
issued.

from

in the INITIALIZE or
schedule work for or

STOP

all

system,

states,
the
request any action

SCHEDULING

primary

itself

the

attached

processor

attached

the

primary processor

state

The primary processor sets the
when the DCL command START/CPU
When

operation.

the

attached

set

manager

the

1in

current

path.

system

issues

sent

IDLE.

A-1,
has
come
the STOP state,

The primary processor sets
of the following occurs:
e

the

action:

process

IDLE,

variable

Figure
exists,

transition

interrupt

processor's

scheduling

run

queue.

set

variable

in
state

the

current

variable

one

DROP.

following

state

performs

sets

queue.

the

variable

normal

receives

It places the attached
appropriate scheduling

for

primary processor.

takes

its

scheduling

process

instruction.

variable

primary processor

attached

Once

SVPCTX

the

OVERVIEW

stops executing a
following action:

the

SYSTEM

and

processor

for

scheduling

same

However,

the

algorithm

are

The

the

schedules

attached

algorithm

that

used

wused

following

unique

primary

attached

changes

the

basic

VAX/VMS

The

primary

Processor

execution

processor
only

schedules

process

schedules

process

for

schedules

that

kernel

mode.

scheduling

system:

exXxecute,

for

primary
processor
is
basically
single-processor
VAX-11/780 system.

always

before

both

the

VAX-11/782

processor

work

processor.

process

process
does

not

for

run

itself

the
to

the

attached

require

immediate

Scheduling
not

VAX-11/782

SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

preemptive

primary

preemptive

attached

processor

the

attached

busy

processor,

processor.

executing

job

If the primary processor cannot
for
the
attached processor to
processes

require

processor

situation,
process

when

primary

just

executing

Note

that

for

even

is not

way,

AST

and

rescheduling

refers

faults,

when

this

executing

(Asynchronous

the

process

was

the

AST

processor.
executable

though

result,
' the

process,

the

primary processor

attached

executing

processor

kernel

overhead

avoided.

servicing

any

mode.

1In

this

a
by

the
or

three

occurred

exception

types

occurs

the

exception

1its
service
matter
which

on.

interrupts

the

aborts.

and

the

attached

processor,

©primary

processor.

reschedules

another

The

the

primary

process

for

processor.

The following
routines
are

sections discuss some of the
exceptions
part of the multlproce551ng code that is

whose
service
executed by the

processor.

AST

Delivery

delivery of

actually

AST

involves

is executed

system
AST

processor,

the

data

primary

delivered
primary

attached

delivery of

processor

Quantum

the

returns

the

IPL
it

requires

Trap)

All

process

interrupt

involves

code

modification

synchronization.

process
running
on
the
attached
interrupts the attached processor.
process

of a

the

primary

rescheduling

request

processor

End

amount
and

before

for

processor

because

and thus

AST by means

System Generation

rescheduled

System

interrupt

processor

structures

for

(Asynchronous

software

the

The

memory

traps,

exceptlon

handles

The

stops

primary
in

HANDLING

handling

attached

maximum

process

processor

A.5.2

one

process

processor

only

the

general,

When

the

However,

schedules

issued.

and

attached

the

not

AST

attached

idle

processor- the

processor

the

there

If an exception causes
routine
1is
executed

The

mode,

processor

executes the

Exception

A.5.1

kernel
1itself.

this
As a

EXCEPTION

primary

interrupt is generated.
The primary processor processes
AST
interrupt
by
performing a rescheduling operation.
the

mode,

Jjob

schedule a computable
process
execute because all computable

process

primary

another

primary processor
order to schedule

Trap)

exceptions:

the

kernel

interrupt

1is
the

System

result,

A.5

-execution

executes

it
1if

while

of
higher
priority becomes computable, the
does not interrupt the attached processor in
the higher priority job for it.
e

but

Thus,

of
the
can

(SYSGEN)

CPU

time

minimum
be

parameter

amount

swapped

QUANTUM

process
of

out.

A-5

time

can
a

defines

receive

process

both

before

must
:

the

remain

is
in

VAX-11/782

Quantum

is,

enforced

both

The

size

processor

A.5.3

When

both

the

check

process's

primary

and

deduct

time

and

quantum

executing

the

OVERVIEW

the

attached

from

same

fluctuation
a

powerfail

Block

regardless

operating

interrupt

service

routine

voltage

IPL

30.

found

(SCB).

handled

Since each processor has its
differently for each processor.

power

Processor

failure

occurs

executes

the

attached

processor

the

own

primary

usual

VAX-11/780

simply

waits

power

failure

occurs

the

events

occur

process

the

time

the

attached

processor

failure

occurs,

power
current

process

rescheduling
e

the

power

SCB,

the

power

processor

occurs,

restored

during

A.5.4

Bugcheck

cold

either

corrupted

processor

bugcheck.

1If

with
to

itself down
In

the

case

occurs.,

attached

the

not

the

then

run,

controlled

fatal

processor

internal

1log

primary

the

executes

processor

attached

the

whether

the

same

processor

Save

Process

exception,

nonfatal

The

following

fatal

bugcheck:

the

The

attached

processor

interrupts

The

attached

processor

halts.

fatal

the

declares

a
a

cannot

system

shuts

procedure

bugcheck
occur

by
no

processor.

process,

instruction.

primary

does

bugcheck

events

executing

(SVPCTX)

not

system

shutdown

attached

currently

Context

the

attached
as

such
it

the

the
way

inconsistency

run,

interrupts

when

interrupts

processor,
in

requests

primary processor.

state.

process

processes

predetermined

processor

the

means

entry.
If the
declared, and
the

fashion.

when

INITIALIZE state.

unexpected

error

requests

returns

INITIALIZE

processor

the

code

continue

bugcheck,

different
executing

process

executing

attached

bugcheck

attached

matter

can
resultant

the

The

processor

the

attached

enters

the

detects

system

interrupting

processor

enters

initialization

structure

The

which

primary

start.

data

declared
continue

its

primary
sequence.

executing

primary

failure

1is

the

can

recovery

two

then

attached

executes

the

Control

failure

whether

the

and

CPU

failure:

primary processor continues to execute
attached processor regains power.

processor

When

power

processor,

the

System

processor,

until

depending

request

pPrimary processor

When

which

location

the

powerfail

attached

sequences

The
the

occurs,
The

restarts.

that

quantum.

process.

drop

powerfail

interrupt

processors;

process's

Powerfail

generates

The

processors

SYSTEM

processor.

VAX-11/782 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

If the automatic restart button on the attached processor's
the attached
1is set to the ON position,
console panel
processor executes the command procedure DEFBOO.CMD on 1its
This command procedure causes the
floppy disk.
console
a self-jump instruction located
execute
to
processor
attached
in the Restart Parameter Block

(RPB).

from

the

1f the System Generation (SYSGEN) parameter BUGREBOOT is

set

When the primary processor receives the
attached processor,

restart button on the primary
automatic
the
if
and
processor's console panel is set to the ON position, the
primary processor begins the automatic reboot procedure;
otherwise,

it halts.

The automatic reboot procedure in the VAX-11/782

processors to reboot without human intervention.

A.5.5

interrupt

it writes the system dump file.

Machine

both

allows

system

Check

CPU

A machine check is an exception that is reported when the

Machine checks that occur
external adaptor detects an internal error.
while the processor is executing in kernel or executive modes cause

checks in supervisor or user mode are handled by

Machine

bugchecks.

the appropriate exception-handling routine.

If a machine check occurs on either the primary or attached processor,

control passes to a machine-check exception handler, which is executed
by the

primary processor.

If the handler determines

that

recovery

the

from

machine-check

exception is possible, an entry is recorded in the error log file.

the
possible,
not
is
recovery
the handler determines that
machine-check exception handler causes a fatal bugcheck exception to
The fatal bugcheck exception causes shutdown of the
be generated.
system,

A.5.6

Error

and

Section A.5.4.

Logging

error-logging
The
processor-detected

mounts

as described

system

errors,
device
record
to
wused
is
subsystem
conditions, and other system events such as volume

start

The same errors that
are logged
system

VAX-11/782 system,

ups.

in a single-processor VAX-11/780
are logged
1in the
However,
in the VAX-11/782 system.

both

the

primary

and

attached

processors

can

Each error log entry contains the System
originate error log entries.
processor
identifies which
which
(SID),
Identification Register
originated

the

entry.

Though both the primary and attached processors can originate error
log entries, only the primary processor can actually log the entries.
error
The primary processor logs an entry by writing it in one of two
The attached
log buffers, whichever one 1is the «current buffer.

processor writes error log entries in a temporary

buffer,

primary processor then copies to the current buffer.

which

the

Another routine executed by the primary processor detects when the
The ERRFMT
and awakens the ERRFMT process.
full
is
current buffer

process then writes the contents of the buffer to the error
[SYSERR] ERRLOG.SYS.

log

file

VAX-11/782

A.5.7

Automatic

restart

addition,

both

processors

The appropriate command
processors are executed

buttons

the

OVERVIEW

Restart

restart

by
VAX/VMS.
disks of both

SYSTEM

the

console

after

system

procedures
providing

panels

both

position.

processor,

start-up

the

command

enable

DCL

command

procedure

the

automatic

START/CPU

must

failure

on the
that

processors

restart
appear

of
in

SYSSMANAGER:SYSTARTUP.COM.

the

supported

console floppy
the
automatic

the

are

set

attached

site-specific

INDEX

Access,

/ALL
AST

synchronized,

qualifier,

(Asynchronous

,
Trap)
of,

of,
in

system,

PCB,

4-3

DEFBOO.CMD,

A-7

DMOBOO.CMD,

2-7

A-5

1-1

processor,
computational workhorse,

1-5

DR780

displaying status of, 3-2
initialization code for,
power

Section

A-5

Attached

A-1,

Map

System

scheduling,

Asymmetrical
as

and

(Cont.)

CTLSGL

delivery
use

Create

4-1

3-3

DROP

interface,
state,

Dynamic

1-4

3-1,

load

A-2

leveling,

1-2

A-3

failure

on,

1-2,

A-3,

A-6

starting

of,

ECO

3-1

state of, 3-1, A-2
stopping of, 3-1

Automatic

restart,

revision

ERRFMT

Error

A-7

A-8

A-7

entry,

3-2,

2-10

BOOTBLDR.COM,

2-3,

2-6

Bugcheck,

3-2,

BUGREBOOT

parameter,

BUSY state,

A-4,

3-1,

EXESGL

2-11

MP,

A-7

4-3

EXE$GQ SYSTIME,

EXECUTE state,

A-6

A-2

A-7

subsystem,
command,

invalidation

3-1

Cold

A-6

start,

Command

2-11,

procedure,

BOOTBLDR.COM,

2-6

bootstrap, 2-2
default bootstrap,

2-7

DEFB00O.CMD,

A-7

2-7

2-2,

Time

Global

2-9

SYSTARTUP.COM,

number

2-2

section,

writeable,

HALT

command,

availability,

system

4-4

High

Hooks,

2-11,

2-2
of,

($SGETTIM)

service,

RMEM.COM,

2-2
SHUTDOWN.COM,

part

Get

2-3,

DMOBOO.CMD,

A-2 to A-3

A-4

map option,

1-4
CMKRNL privilege,

4-4

3-1,

A-7

Floppy disk,
building of,
Cache

1-2

A-7

log,

buffer,
file,

BOOT

level,

process,

4-1

3-2

1-2

VAX/VMS,

1-5

1-6

A-8

Communication

between

processors,

A-2

Compute-intensive job, 1-5
Configuration guidelines,
1-2

I/0
IDLE

bound

job,

state,

Initialization

1-3

Console

terminal,

2-3

CONTINUE

command,

3-2

1-5

3-1,

A-2

code,

INITIALIZE state,
A-4, A-6

Coupling,

1-1
CPU options, 1-2
/CPU qualifier, 3-3

Instruction,

Create and Map Section
(SCRMPSC)
system service,

Interrupt

interlocked,
queue,

Index-1

3-1,

4-2

4-2
code,

A-2

A-4

A-1,
A-2

A-6
to

INDEX

Job,

PCB

compute-intensive,
I/0 bound, 1-5

Kernel-mode

code,

(Process

A-2

configuration
4-2

failure,

memory,

guidelines

4-4

1-2,

1-3
configured at
coupled

2-2

system,

1-1

communication,

interrupt

MA780

shared

A-2

using,

configuration

2-2

guidelines

1-3

check,

2-6,
update,

Maintenance
Master,

4-4,

setting

A-5

amount

registers,

RMEM.COM,

2-2,

RP07

in,

RPB

command,

3-3

Monitor

Utility,

3-3

local

disk,

(Restart
A-1,

guidelines

Parameter

2-2

(Synchronous

SCB

Interconnect), 1-4
(System Control Block),

Backplane

A-2

floppy disks

for,

SCH$GL CURPCB,

4-3

SHOW/CPU command,

2-2
1-5,

Shutdown

A-1

SID
1-5

3-2

procedure,

SHUTDOWN.COM,

1-1

terminology, 1-1
Multistreamed workload,

1-2

START/CPU command,
3-1, A-1, A-3,

qualifier,

State

3-3

STOP

variable,
state,

STOP/CPU
Part

number,

floppy

1-5,
A-8

disk,

Symmetry,

command,

Index-2

1-1

2-10,

A-2

3-1,

A-2,

A-4

3-1,

SVPCTX instruction,
Symmetrical system,

2-2

A-6

2-9

(System Identification
Register), 3-2, A-7

Slave,

/NOCPU

Block),

A-7

SBI

memory,

bootstrap using,
Multiprocessing,

system,

A-8

2-5

MONITOR

building

2-4

2-2

configuration
for, 1-4

memory

type of boards
Microcode, 1-2

system,
1-4
automatic, A-7

Resource,

Restart,

controller,

code,

A-5

2-1

A-1

MS780

end,

parameter,

1-2

configuration,

error

Quantum
QUANTUM

A-7

determination of, 2-3
information about, 2-1

Memory

4-2

A-2

memory,

bootstrap

Memory

mechanism,

4-4

3-3

synchronization,

MA780

A-6

A-5

Processor,

mode,

Machine

A-3,

bootstrapping of, A-1
locking of process on,
power failure on, A-6

for,

1-4

Preemptive scheduling,
Primary processor,

configuration

4-3

guidelines

for, 1-4
PFNMAP privilege,

Power

Loosely

Block),

of,
3-3

characteristics of,
monitoring of, 3-3
Peripheral device,

execution of, 1-6
for synchronization,

Local

Control

acquiring address
/PERCENT qualifier,
Per formance,

1-5

A-4
1-1

A-4

INDEX

Synchronization,

processor,

using interlocked
instructions,

4-2

using

kernel-mode

code,

using

process

using

system

SYSTARTUP.COM,

4-2
4-2

priority,

services,
2-2,

Transition

4-2

2-11,

A-8

UBA

path,

(Unibus

Unibus
Upgrade

A-2

Adapter),

device,

2-7

procedure,

2-5,

2-7

2-1

System,

configuration
delay in, 1-4

of,

1-2

ideal workload
initialization
loosely

for, 1-5
of, A-1
coupled, 4-2

mul tiprocessing,

VAX/VMS,
in support
1-5
maintenance

1-1

performance of, 3-3
resource of, 1-4
scheduling

algorithm

for,

A-4
workload

Tightly coupled
TR

(Transfer

update,

2-1

hooks

system

4-2

service,

in,

A-1

1-4

system,

Request)

configuration

VAX-11/782,

multiprocessing
A-1
VMB,

of,

1-1

level,

guidelines

Index-3

Workload,

system,

1-4

Writeable

Control

Store

global

section,

1-2

Writeable

(WCS),
4-1

VAX-11/782
User’s Guide
AA-M543A-TE

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