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EK-DCTEM-UG-1

September 1983

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Document:	DCT11-EM Evaluation Module User's Guide
Order Number:	EK-DCTEM-UG
Revision:	1
Pages:	222
Original Filename:	EK-DCTEM-UG-001_DCT-EM_Users_Guide_Sep1983.pdf

OCR Text

EK-DCTEM-UG-001

DCTl 1-EM
Evaluation Module
User's Guide

mamaama

EK-DCTEM-UG-00 l

DCTl 1-EM
Evaluation Module
User's Guide

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

!st Edition, September 1983

<D Digital Equipment Corporation 1983.

The material in this manual is for informational purposes and is subject to change without notice.

Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this manual.
The manuscript for this book was created on a DIGITAL Word
Processing System and, via a translation program, was automatically
typeset on DIGITAL's DECset Integrated Publishing System. Book
production was done by Educational Services Development and
Publishing in Marlboro, MA.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

mo~oomo

MASSBUS
DEC
PDP
DECmate
P/OS
DECsystem- I 0
Professional
DECSYSTEM-20 Rainbow
RSTS
DEC US
DECwriter
RSX
DIBOL
TOPS-JO

TOPS-20
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE
CHAPTER I

OVERVIEW

1.2

INTRODUCTION......
.. ............................................................................... 1-1
THE DCTl 1-EM AT A GLANCE ....................................................................... 1-1

CHAPTER 2

INST ALLA TI01'

~.I

' ,

INTRODUCTION.......
.. ................................................................................. 2-1
POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 2-1
CONSTRUCTING A POWER SUPPLY CABLE ................................................. 2-1
POWERING UP AND VERIFYING CORRECT OPERATION ........................ 2-3
.JGMPERl!';G ............................................................................................................. 2-4

CHAPTER 3

KEYPAD OPERATION

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.12.1
3.12.2
3.12.3
3.12.4
3.12.5
3.13

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3-1
NUMBER SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 3-2
EXAMINING REGISTERS .................................................................................... 3-2
AL TERI NG REGISTERS ........................................................................................ 3-4
EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS ................................................................ 3-7
ALTERING ME.\10RY LOCATIONS ........................................................... 3-10
ENTERING AND EXECCTING A SIMPLE PROGRAM ............................... 3-12
WORKING WITH A LONGER PROGRAM ...................................................... 3-16
Using the Single-Step Function ........................................................................ 3-17
Using Breakpoints...............................................................
.. ..... 3-19
Using the Watchpoint ...................................................................................... 3-22
USING THE HALT SWITCH ............................................................................... 3-24
THE INT SWITCH ................................................................................................. 3-25
THE GSER LED ..................................................................................................... 3-25
PERFORMING KEYPAD SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ........................................... 3-26
Function 0 - Cancel Breakpoints ..................................................................... 3-27
Function 1 - Go With LEDs ........................................................................... 3-27
Function 2 - Start Console ............................................................................. 3-28
Function 3 - Set Baud Rates .......................................................................... 3-28
Function 4 - Release Protection ...................................................................... 3-30
KEYPAD COMMAND SUMMARY ................................................................... 3-32

CHAPTER 4

CONSOLE OPERATION

4.1
4.2

INTRODUCTION
........................................................................................... 4-1
TRANSFERRING CONTROL BETWEE'\i THE CONSOLE TERMINAL
AND THE KEYPAD ................................................................................................ 4-2

CONTENTS (Cont)

4.8.1
4.8.2
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.13.1
4.13.2
4.14
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.17.1
4.17.2
4.17.3
4.17.4
4.17.5
4.17.6
4.18
4.19

GE~ERAL RULES FOR CO'.\ISOLE INPUT ....................................................... 4-2
CONSOLE CONTROL COM\1ANDS ................................................................... 4-3
EXPRESSIONS ......................................................................................................... 4-3
EXAMINING REGISTERS .................................................................................. 4-5
ALTERI NG REGISTERS .................................................................................. 4-5
EXAMINING AND ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS ............................................................................. 4-5
The Address Pointer ........................................................................................ 4-6
Output Formatting Modes ................................................................................. 4-6
EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS ............................................................. 4-7
ALTERING \1EMOR Y LOCA TIOJ\'S ................................................................. 4-10
INSTRUCTION FORMAT......................... . ..................................................... 4-11
TYPING 11\' A PROGRAM........................ .. ..................................................... 4-12
USING SYMBOLS .................................................................................................. 4-13
Symbol Names ................................................................................................. 4-13
Commands That Define and Manipulate Symbols .......................................... 4-14
EXECUTIJ\'G A ND DEBLGGING PROGRAMS ............................................... 4-15
Using the Watchpoint.. ................................................................................. 4-16
Using the Single-Step Function................... . ................................................ 4-17
Using Breakpoints.
.. .......................................................................... 4-19
DCTl I-EM DIRECTIVES......
................... . .............................................. 4-20
MISCELLANEOUS CONSOLE FUNCTIONS ................................................... 4-21
LOADING THE DCTl I-EM FROM A HOST COMPUTER ............................. 4-22
Configuring the DCTl I-EM for Host Loading ............................................... 4-22
The HOST Command.. .
.. ........................................................................ 4-23
The TALK Command .................................................................................... 4-23
The LOAD Command....
. .................................................................... 4-24
Preparing DCTI I-EM Loadable Programs on a Host.. .................................. 4-25
An Illustration of the Host Loading Process ................................................... 4-28
CONSOLE COMMA ND SUMMARY............. .. ................................................ 4-29
CONTROL COMMAJ\'D SUMMARY ................................................................ 4-32

CHAPTER 5

SOFTWARE

5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.1.1
5.3.1.2
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. .. ................. 5-1
THE MONITOR ..................................................................................................... 5-1
The Stack Pointer .............................................................................................. 5-2
MONITOR SUBROUTINES .................................................................................... 5-2
Keypad/LED Subroutines .................................................................................. 5-2
Using the LEDs and Keypad ..................................................................... 5-4
Using Keypad/LED Subroutines - Example Programs .......................... 5-5
Console Subroutines ........................................................................................... 5-8
Console Character \1anipulation ............................................................ 5-10
Using Console Subroutines - Sample Program ....................................... 5-10
DCT 1 I -EM ADDRESS SPACE ..............................................................................5-13
Standard RAM Space.............. .. .................................................................. 5-15
Expansion RAM Space....
.. ................................................................... 5-15
Monitor Space .................................................................................................. 5-15
1/0 Space.................................... .. ................................................................. 5-1 5
Space Available for External Hardware .......................................................... 5-16
Reserved Space ................................................................................................ 5-1 6

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

5.4.5
5.4.6

CONTENTS (Cont)
CH.\PTER 6

HARDWARE

t-,

t>.14
t>.15
t>.16
b.17

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 6-1
DCTJ l-AA MJCROPROCESSOR ........................................................................... 6-3
RAM ........................................................................................................................... 6-3
MONITOR EPROM ................................................................................................. 6-4
PERIPHERAL CHIPS AND DRIVERS ................................................................. 6-4
Parallel Port (8255A) ......................................................................................... 6-4
DLART Console Serial Line .............................................................................. 6-5
Auxiliary Serial Line ( 8251 A) ........................................................................... 6-5
INTERNAL DATA BUS BUFFER ......................................................................... 6-5
USER BUFFERS ..................................................................................................... 6-5
PROCESSOR CYCLE DECODING ........................................................................ 6-5
ADDRESS LATCHING AND RANGE DECODil\G ........................................... 6-5
PERIPHERAL CHIP ADDRESS DECODING .................................................... 6-6
INTERRUPTS AND TRAPS .................................................................................. 6-6
TIMING ..................................................................................................................... 6-7
MISCELLAl\EOUS CONTROL LOGIC ................................................................ 6-7
KEYPAD/LEDS ........................................................................................................ 6-7
HALT AND INT SWITCHES ................................................................................. 6-7
CONNECTORS ......................................................................................................... 6-8
HARDWARE EXPANSION - EXAMPLE ......................................................... 6-11

APPENDIX A

MONITOR LISTING

.\PPEl'iDIX B

SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS

APPENDIX C

ERROR MESSAGES

ti.~

to ~
t- ~
t- 5
t- 51
t- 5.2
t- 5 3

t-6
t- ~ ~

t- 9
t- 10
6 II

t- 12
6 13

FIGURES
Figure No.
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
3-1
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4

Title

Page

Attaching Pin to Wire.................................................................... ....................... 2-1
Inserting Pin into Connector ...................................................................................... 2-2
Power Supply Connector Pin Assignments ................................................................ 2-2
Power Supply Connector ............................................................................................ 2-3
DCTI I-EM Keypad, Switches, and Displays ............................................................ 3-1
Connecting a Console Terminal to the DCTI I-EM .................................................. 4-1
Connecting a Host Computer to the DCTI I-EM ................................................... 4-22
LED Segment Assignments ........................................................................................ 5-4
SEGBUF Assignments ............................................................................................... 5-4
DCT I I -EM Memory Map ....................................................................................... 5-14
Map of 1/0 Space .................................................................................................5-16
DCTI I-EM System Block Diagram .......................................................................... 6-2
Address Range Decoding .......................................................................................... 6-6
60-Pin Connector Pin Assignments .......................................................................... 6-11
16 KB Memory Module .......................................................................................... 6-12

TABLES
Table No.
4-1
4-2
6-1

6-2
6-3
C-1

Title

Page

Control Command Summary.
............... ..
. ...............
.... 4-3
DCTI I-EM Directives..................
.. ......................................................... 4-21
Reserved 1/0 Locations for Peripheral Chips................
.. ......... 6-4
Interrupt Vector Locations..................................................
. ............................. 6-7
DCT I I-EM Connector Pin Assignments............... .....................
.. ..................... 6-8
Console Messages... ............. ............. ... .............
...................
.................. C-3

PREFACE
This book explains how to use the DCTI I-EM evaluation module. Although the book presents many
topics in simplified form, some technical background is assumed on your part. It is assumed, for example,
that you are familiar with the basics of microprocessor software and hardware. However, you need not be
familiar with microprocessors manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation.
To understand software details such as those contained in the monitor listing (Appendix A), you should be
familiar with the MACRO-I I language. To understand hardware details, you should be able to read and
interpret schematic diagrams and data sheets.
The book is organized as follows.
Chapter I is an introduction to the DCTI I-EM and contains a specification summary for your reference.
Chapter 2 explains how to install and power up your DCTI I-EM.
Chapter 3 shows you how to operate your DCTI I-EM using the on-board keypad and switches.
Chapter 4 shows you how to operate your DCTI I -EM using a console terminal.
Chapter 5 provides software information and describes the use of monitor subroutines.
Chapter 6 gives an overview of the DCTl I-EM hardware and contains information you will find useful if
you plan to design external circuitry.
Appendices A and B contain the DCTI I-EM monitor listing and schematics, respectively. Appendix C
contains a summary of error messages.
You will find that this book requires a high degree of interaction between you and the DCTl l-EM.
Chapters 3 and 4, in particular, are structured so that examples are an integral part of the text.

vii

CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW
I.I
INTRODUCTION
The OCT! I-EM is a standalone, single-board computer. It is designed as a tool to introduce you to the
OCT I I-AA microprocessor CPU chip and the PDP- I I architecture. It contains supporting hardware and
software which greatly simplify the task of evaluating the DCTI I-AA for your application.
The OCT! I-EM gives you considerable flexibility in designing your own software and hardware. You can
write programs to run on the DCTl 1-EM which are substantially.the same as those written in the versatile
PDP-I I assembly language. You can also design your own hardware interfaces to use with the DCTI 1EM. In fact, your hardware can connect directly to the DCTl 1-EM's internal data paths through an onboard, 60-pin male connector.
This chapter summarizes the features of the DCTl 1-EM. You will find more detail in the chapters that
follow.

1.2

THE DCTll-EM AT A GLANCE

Central Processor

•
•

OCTl 1-AA microprocessor
133 ns cycle time (standard)

Memory

•
•

4 K bytes of RAM, expandable to 8 K bytes
16 K bytes of EPROM which contains the DCTI I-EM monitor

Input/Output

•
•
•

Two serial ports, one for a console terminal and the other for an auxiliary RS232-C device
One 8-bit parallel port
One 60-pin connector for use by expansion hardware; allows access to DCT I I-EM internal data
paths

Host Communication

•
•
•

Host computer can be connected to the auxiliary serial port for downline loading of programs
Character format is asynchronous, 8 bits, ASCII, no parity, one stop bit
Available baud rates are: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200

Software

•
•
•

Software is EPROM resident
Keypad monitor for performing operations with the on-board keypad
Console monitor for performing operations with a console terminal and with a host computer

1-1

On-Board Control Hardware
•
•

20-key keypad ( 4 x 5 array)
HALT push-button switch

On-Board Displays
•
•

Two rows of 6-digit octal LEDs
User LED

Interrupts
•
•

Four levels of interrupt priorities
On-board interrupt push-button switch

Diagnostics
•

Contained in EPROM, automatically run at power-up time

Documentation (provided with DCTll-EM)

•
•
•

DCTI /-EM User's Guide
DCT//-AA (MJCRO/T-11) User's Guide
DC3f9-AA DLART Data Sheet

Physical
•
•
•
•

Width: 20.3 cm (8 in)
Length (including connectors): 27.9 cm (l l in)
Height: 3.8 cm (l.5 in)
Weight: 450 gm (l 5 oz)

Environment
•
•
•
•

Noncaustic environment required
Operating temperature: 10 to 40 degrees C
Relative humidity: 10% to 90% (noncondensing)
Altitude: Up to 2.4 km (8000 ft)

DC Power Requirements
•

For keypad operation only:
+5 V (±5%) ®· 2 A

•

For console terminal operation:
+5 V (±5%) ® 2 A
+12 V (±10%) ® 50 mA
-12 V (±10%) ® 50 mA

1-2

CHAPTER2
INSTALLATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION
DCTl 1-EM installation consists of attaching a power supply, powering up, and verifying that the board is
operating properly.
2.2 POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
The DCTI I-EM requires a +5 Vdc supply (±5%) capable of delivering up to 2 A. If you plan to use the
console or auxiliary serial ports, you also need a +12 Vdc supply (±10%) and a -12 Vdc supply (±10%)
each capable of delivering up to 50 mA.
WARNING
To protect yourself against injury from contact with
circuits that carry high energy, we suggest your
power supply outputs be limited to no more than 240
VA. This is in accordance with standards for data
processing equipment.
CAUTION
We recommend that you fuse your power supply
outputs at 5 A or less to provide overcurrent protection to circuits and remote wiring.
2.3 CONSTRUCTING A POWER SUPPLY CABLE
The DCTI I-EM is packaged with a power supply connector and pins with which you can assemble a
power supply cable. To do this, perform the following steps.
I.

Select a I foot length of medium gauge (IO to 14 gauge) wire and strip the wire about 1/4 inch
from each end. If you are using multiple-strand wire, twist the strands together at each stripped
end.

Insert one end of the wire into a pin as shown in Figure 2-1. Crimp the pin to the wire with a
pair of pliers or a crimping tool and solder the wire.

(

WJHE

= :

lRIMPPIN HERE THEN SOLDER WIRE

Figure 2-1

Attaching Pin to Wire

2-1

Insert the pin in the connector as shown in Figure 2-2.

MR 10342

Figure 2~2

Inserting Pin into Connector

Repeat steps I, 2, and 3 for each wire in your connector. (Use different colored wires for easy
identification.)

Attach the wires to a power supply, making sure they correspond to the correct voltages as
shown in Figure 2-3.

KEY
M>< 10:l43

Figure 2·3

Power Supply Connector Pin Assig111nents

Turn on the power supply and use a voltmeter to check that the correct voltages appear at the
connector pins.

Turn off the power supply and attach the connector to the DCTl I-EM as shown in Figure 2-4.

2-2

POWER SUPPLY

INSERT

POWER SUPPLY CABLE

CJTTTl~ DODOO

CIIIJ

DODOO

00000

CD DOD

DCT11-EM
M~

Figure 2-4

!0144

Power Supply Connector

You are now ready to power up your DCT! I-EM.

2.4 POWERING UP AND VERIFYING CORRECT OPERATION
Make sure your DCTI I-EM is on a nonmetallic surface and positioned so that it does not come in contact
with any conducting objects. Then turn on your power supply.
When you apply power, the DCTI I-EM runs its diagnostics automatically. The diagnostics: (I) perform
checksum tests for the on-board RAM and PROM, and (2) write and read back data to and from the
DLART. If the diagnostics run successfully, the LEDs display the following.

This shows that the keypad monitor is active and ready to accept your input. Further information on using
the keypad is given in Chapter 3.
In addition to activating the keypad monitor, the DCTI I-EM also sets these initial conditions:
•
•
•
•

All user RAM is cleared
The symbol table is cleared
The stack pointer is set to 7400
Both serial port baud rates are set to 9600.

You will learn more about what these initial conditions mean in later chapters.

2-3

If the two rows of LEDs are blank after you power up, your DCTI I-EM probably has major problems.

The LEDs may display a flashing diagnostic error message after you power up. The meaning of the error
messages is summarized below.
UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
LJISPLAY

I I I,I I I I

I I I·I' I I·I

II I I I II

I IEl'l'l l'I

MEANING

I I I,I I I I I IEI·I I I·I
I I I I I I I I·I·I I·I
2

ROM checksum test failed_ Try
replacing ROM chips.

RAM and ROM checksum tests failed
Board may have major problems.

DLART feedback tesl failed.
Board may !lave major problems.

RAM checksum test failed_ Try
replacing RAM chips.

If you suspect your board has major problems, contact Digital Equipment Corporation or the authorized
distributor from whom you purchased your DCTl 1-EM. The DCTI I-EM is warranted against defects in
workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of delivery.

2.5 JUMPERING
There are two metal posts located above the upper left corner of the DCTI I-EM keypad. Install a jumper
between these posts if you want to disable the generation of OCT! I-AA microprocessor cycle slips. If you
do this, you must also change the OCT! 1-AA's 7.5 MHz clock frequency to a frequency between 3 MHz
and 6 MHz. To change the clock frequency, remove the 7.5 MHz crystal from the board and install a
crystal of the desired frequency.
This is the only jumper that may be installed on the DCTI I-EM.

2-4

CHAPTER3
KEYPAD OPERATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains how to operate the DCTll-EM using the DCTll-EM's on-board keypad and
switches. When you complete this chapter, you will be able to do the following.
•
•
•
•
•
•

Examine and alter the contents of registers in the DCTl I-AA register file.
Examine and alter the contents of memory locations.
Enter and execute programs.
Debug your programs through the use of single steps, breakpoints, and watchpoints.
Perform halts and interrupts.
Perform a number of other functions.

The DCTI I-EM keypad, switches, and displays are arranged as shown in Figure 3-1.

LED DIGITS
(UPPER ROW)

_\J
-,

KEYPAD

HALT SWITCH

LED DIGITS

I _INT SWllCH

(LOWER ROW)

H
A
L

D B B
8 D D B B
B G B B B

[] D
I

•

-=- -=- 000

000

D 8 GJ B B
PROTEC

0LED~~

GO LED

CONSOL

BAUD

CANCEL

ENTER

'----

""" 1034~

Figure 3-1

DCTI I-EM Keypad. Switch<:>, and Displays

3-1

Figure 3- l shows two rows of six LED digits which display data, addresses, and other information. Below
the two rows of LED digits is a single LED (called the user LED) which you can use as an indicator in your
programs. To the right of the LEDs are the HALT and INT push-button switches. These switches perform
the functions their names imply; that is, they can halt and interrupt DCTI I-EM operation. To the extreme
right is a 4 X 5 array of switches called the keypad. The keypad is used to enter commands, instructions,
and other information to the DCTI I-EM. Pressing keys will generally cause responses to appear on the
LED displays.

3.2

NUMBER SYSTEM

Information that is input or output via the keypad/LED combination must be represented in octal
notation. Since the DCTI I-AA is a 16-bit processor, the acceptable range of octal inputs and outputs is
000000 through 177777.

3.3 EXAMINING REGISTERS
To examine the contents of a DCTI I-AA internal register, you must first place the OCT! I-EM in register
mode. Do this by pressing the REG key. The LEDs display:

I I I·IE IGI I
I I I I I 11
Now you may examine a register by pressing any of the following keys:
0 through 9
or
CLR, which is equivalent to key 0.
In general, the name of the register being examined appears on the upper row of LEDs, and the contents of
the register appears on the lower row of LEDs. The exception to this is when the watchpoint (WP) is
examined. In that case, an address called the watchpoint (WP) address is displayed on the upper row of
LEDs, and the WP contents are displ,ayed on the lower row.
Keys 0 through 7 select RO through R7, the eight registers in the OCT! I-AA register file. Registers 6 and
7 are dedicated and are referred to as the stack pointer (SP) and program counter (PC), respectively.
Key 8 selects the processor status (PS) word. Only the lower 8 bits of the PS word are meaningful. The PS
word contains the current processor priority, the processor condition codes (N, Z, V, and C), and the T-bit.
Key 9 selects the watchpoint (WP). The WP is useful in connection with program debugging and is
discussed in Paragraph 3.8.3.

3-2

NOTE
If you have just powered up your DCTil-EM or if
you ha"e halted its operation, it is not necessary to
press the REG key to get into register mode.
The upper row of LEDs will display:

The lower row of LEDs will display the current
value of the PC, and you can simply press one of the
keys 0 through 9 or CLR to select a register.
Examining Registers - Example 1
You want to examine the contents of various registers. It is assumed that the registers still contain their
initial (power-up) values.
UPPER

LOWER

KEY

DISPLAY

IREGI

I I I 'IE I 11

IIIII

I I I, I I

lololololo[ol

[]

ple I I I

l l l l l lI

sIpl I I

l l l•ls1olol

lcLRI

I I I ,I I I I

l l l li lI

I I IpIs I I I

l l l l l lI

l l l ll l I

COMMENTS

Get mto register mode

Jolololololol

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to examine register contents sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to examine registers in ascending order. You cannot advance beyond the WP. Pressing the l'iAC key
allows you to examine registers in descending order. You cannot back up beyond RO.
If you want to examine registers nonsequentially after you have pressed ADV or BAC, you must first press
the REG key to reinitialize register mode. Otherwise, you will alter the contents of the register you arc
currently examining.

3-3

Examining Registers - Example 2
You want to examine more registers. You begin by examining them sequentially. It is assumed that the
registers still contain their initial (power-up) values.

KEY

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

I IIIIII

Get into register mode.

loJolololoJoJ
/olololololo/

You warned to examine
R4 but you altered RO
instead.

Jololo/oJol o/

I IIIIII

Clear the incorrect entry.

This is how to examine A4

Now you're sequentially
examining again.

3.4 ALTERING REGISTERS
To alter the contents of a DCTI I-AA internal register, you must first examine the register as described in
Paragraph 3.3. To review, this means you must place the DCTl l-EM in register mode by pre~sing the
REG key and examine the desired register by pressing one of the keys 0 through 9. Once you have done
this, press the EXA key and alter the contents of the selected register by pressing keys 0 through 7 in the
desired order.

3-4

The previous contents of the register will be cleared and you will see the new contents being shifted in from
the right side of the lower row of LEDs as you press keys.
If you wish to clear the contents of a register, press the CLR key after you have pressed the EXA key.
Pressing the CLR key also clears a register while you are entering data.
Altering Registers - Example 1
You want to set register R3 to 000232 and the SP to 6000. It is assumed that the registers still contain
their initial (power-up) values.
UPPER

KEY

LOWER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

II I I I I I

IREGI

I I I · IE IGI

I I·
I I I·

I [olo[oio1olol

B
[]

1 1 I

i I·

I I I·

lcLRI
IRea]

I I

lolololololol

I I

lolo[of olol2I

I I

l l l l

1 1

3
I · 1

0
1

lolololololol
11

l l i1i•l 0 l 0 I

I I Is I· I I I

I I Is I· I I jo[ol1l•lolol

I I Is I· i I I

I· I l l l l l lsl

Is I I

Ente1 232

23
l I

I I I· I' I
I I I· IE IGI I I I I l I

E1::amine R3

llllllI
0

Get into register mode

l l l l l•l I
0

3-5

You change your mind.

and clear R3 instead

Get back into register
mode to change another
register.

Examine R6 !the SP). It
currently= 7400.

Set SP = 6000.

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to alter register contents sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to alter registers in ascending order. You cannot advance beyond the WP. Pressing the BAC key
allows you to alter registers in descending order. You cannot back up beyond RO.
Press the ADV or BAC keys until you arrive at the register you want to alter, then press the desired
sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the data. If you want to clear the register, press CLR. If you want to
alter registers nonsequentially after you have pressed the ADV or BAC keys, you must first press the REG
key to reinitialize register mode. Then press 0 through 9 to select the desired register, followed by EXA,
followed by the data you wish to enter.
It is generally easier to stay in sequential mode and step forward or backward to the desired register than
to perform nonsequential alterations.
Altering Registers - Example 2
You have just completed example

KEY

and now want to sequentially change some registers.
LOWER

UPPER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

D\SPtAY

lsAcl

I I I ·I· I I I l l l l l l I

8
0

I I I·I·I I I jojoioioiol•I

leAc!

I I I·I·I 11 l l l l l•l I
I I I ·I· I 11 l l l l l l I

jsAc!

I I I· 1 1 11 lolololololol

I I I· 1 1 I I lololololol1l
I I I·I·I I I lolololololol
I I I · 1 1 I I l l l l l l1I

IAovj
lsAcl

Enter 43.

R5 1s now alterable.

3-6

R4 is now alterable,

R3 is now alterable.

Enter 1.

R4 is now alterable. But
now you want to clear R3
and alter RO.

lcLRI

I I I •1 1 I I

leAcl

I I I, I I I I l l l l l l l

jeAcl

I I I , I· I I I

leAcj

I I I,I I I

l l l l l l I

I lllllll

I I I, I I I I
0

l l l l l l I

RO is now alterable.

Enter 1.

l l l l l l l

3.5 EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS
To examine a memory location, you must first place the OCT 11-EM in address mode. Do this by pressing
the ADR key. The first time you do this, the LEDs display:

Subsequently, when you press the ADR key, the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the most recently examined address.
Enter the address of the memory location you wish to examine by pressing the appropriate sequence of
keys 0 through 7 .
The previous address will be cleared and you will see the address you are entering being shifted in from the
right side of the lower row of LEDs as you press keys.
If you make a mistake entering your address, you can press the CLR key to clear your entry and try again.
Once you are satisfied with the address you have entered, press the EXA key. The address of the location
you are examining (the address you just entered) appears on the upper row of LEDs, and the contents of
this location appear on the lower row of LEDs. Only even addresses can be examined. If you enter an odd
address, it is rounded down when you press the EXA key.

3-7

Examining Memory Locations - Example I
You have just powered up your DCTl I-EM and want to examine some memory locations. There is a
program that resides in the OCT! 1-EM called the monitor which begins at address 140000. You will learn
more about the monitor later, but for now, all we want to do is examine some of its locations.
UPPER

KEY

LO\r\lER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

I IAId Id I· I I l l ! l l ! !
I IAId Id I·I I lololo!oiol1 I
I IAId Id I· I I Jolololo!1!•I
I IAId Id I· I I lololo!1!•iol

I IAldi dI' i I

I IAId Id I· I I l l•i•l l ! I

I I Id Id I· I I l l•l l l ! !
I IAId Id I·I I l l ! ! l•l !

IADRI

8
8

11 4

Get into address mode

E111er 140000.

l ! ! l 1°!
1

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to examine memory locations sequentially. Pressing the ADV key
allows you to examine memory locations in ascending order. Advancing beyond address 177776 results in
examining locations starting at 000000. Pressing the BAC key allows you to alter registers in descending
order. Backing up beyond 000000 results in examining locations starting at 177776.

If you want to examine memory locations nonsequentially after you have pressed ADV or BAC, you must
first press the ADR key to reinitialize address mode. Otherwise, you will change the contents of the
memory location you are currently examining.
Examining Memory Locations - Example 2
You have just finished example l and now want to examine more locations in the monitor. You start by
examining them sequentially.

3-8

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

IAovj

1 0 0 0 2
l l•l l l l I

Jo[1[s[3[3[0[

!Aovl

I• l•lololol•I

lololol1lel1I

]Aovl

1 0 00
l l•l l l l•I

J1l,l·i,l·!2I

jeAcj

[•[•[o[o[o[•[

Jo[oiol1 [•171

\AoRI

I IA Id Id I 'I I

[ 1!•[o[oloi•I

Reinitialize address
mode for norisequcnl!a!
examine

['.]

I I d!dI ·I I

lololololo!1I

You try to ex<1rn1ne
140101

I IA Id Id I' I I

l l0!0l !•[•[

I I Id Id I' I I

!0[0[0[1[•[0[

I IA Id Id I·I I

lo[ol1[•[0[1I

I IAl Id I ·I I Jo[• [•[0!1 [ol

['.]

I I Id Id I· I I l1l•l 0l1l0l1l

lexAI

!1[•[0[1[0[0[

!0[0[0[1[•[11

J1[•[0[0[1[el

l•l1!3l3io[e[

KEY

fsAcl

COMMENTS

3-9

The address 1s rounded
down ancl you examine

140100

Now you're sequentially
examining again.

3.6

ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS

To alter the contents of a memory location, you must first examine the memory location as described in
Paragraph 3.5. To review, this means you must place the DCTl 1-EM in address mode by pressing the
ADR key and examine the desired location by pressing the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7.
Then press the EXA key.
The contents of the location you are examining can now be changed by pressing keys 0 through 7 in the
desired sequence. The previous contents of the location will be cleared and you will see the new contents
being shifted in from the right side of the lower row of LEDs as you press keys.
Pressing the CLR key will clear the location before or during data entry.

Altering Memory Locations - Example I
You have just powered up your DCTI I-EM and want to alter some memory locations. Locations 2000
through 2006 are in the user RAM area and will be used in the following examples. Later on, you will
learn more about the availability of DCTI I-EM memory and address space, but for now the discussion
will be limited to these locations only.
UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

I I Id :dI ' I I

lolololololol

KEY

\Ao RI

COMMENTS

Get into address mode.

I IA Id id i' I I l 0l l0l l i I
I IAId id, , i I loloio!ol2!1!
I IA Id Id,, I I lo lo lo l l l I

You made a mistake and
entered 1 instead of 0.

I IA Id Id,, I I l l l l l l I

lry again - enter 2004.

I IAId Id, , I I lolololof 2lol

I IAid id I 'I I l 0l0l l2l l0I
I i Id Id i ' I I jolol2!olol4I

0
[2J
jcLRI

En,er 2004

Clear entry.

jexAI

00 20 04
l l l l l l I

jofof 2[0[0[41

l l l l 0l l0I
0

00 0 0 3

l l l l l 11
3-10

2004 is currently

empty.

Enter 32

l0l 0!2i 0!0l•I

jojojojoj3j2j

\AoR\

I I Id Id,, I I lojoj2jojol•I

I I Id I d, , I I l0l l 0l l 0l2I
I I Id Id I ' I I jojo[o[o[2[0[
I I Id Id I' I I jo[o[o[2[o[ol
I I Id Id, , I I l0l 0l 2l 0l 0l I

jexA\

\ojoj2jojojoj

jojojojojojoj

\ojoj2jololol

ll l l l l I

0
0

Back to address mode to
al1er another !ocatic.n
Note - most recent address
examined is displayed.

Enter 2000.

2000 is currently
empty.

Enter 1.

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to alter memory locations sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to alter memory locations in ascending order. Pressing the BAC key allows you to alter memory
locations in descending order.
Press the ADV or BAC keys until you arrive at the memory location you want to alter and press the
desired sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the data. If you want to clear the memory location, press
CLR.

Altering Memory Locations - Example 2
You have just completed example I and now want to sequentially alter memory locations.
UPPER
KEY

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

IAovj

iojoj2jo[o[2j

jojojojojoiol

jojoj2[ojoj2j

l l l l l l•I

lolol2lolol2!

l l l l l•l I

IAov)

jojo[2folol•I

jojojojoj3j2j

COMMENTS

Location 2002 is now

alterable.

Enter 47.

3-11

locarion 2004 is now
alterable

l l l l l lsl
l l l2l l l•I l l l l l l l
l l l2l l l•I l l l l l l2l

2
l l l l l l•I

)sAcl

l l l2l l l•I l l l l l l•I

!cLR)

lo l l2l l l• I lolololololol

0
!Aovj

2
l l l l l l•I
0

Location 2006 is now
alterable.

Enter 22

lolololol2l2I

Enter 5.

Location 2004 is now

alterable

Clear 11

3.7 ENTERING AND EXECUTING A SIMPLE PROGRAM
In this paragraph, we will tie together the material presented thus far by entering and running a simple
program. It is assumed you are familiar with an assembly language instruction set. A full description of the
instruction set used in the following example is found in Chapter 6 of the DCTJ I-AA User's Guide (EKDCTl 1-UG).
The following program takes a number in register R 1, adds it to a number in register R2, and puts the
result in register R3.
Octal Code

Instruction

Comments

010103
060203
000000

MOY Ri,R3
ADD R2,R3
HALT

Get first term.
Add second term.
Halt program execution.

We will place this program in user RAM, starting at address 2000.
UPPER
KEY

LOWER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

Most recently exam·
ined address shown

JAoRJ

I IAId IdIrI I

I IAl did I ·I I l l l l l l2l
I I Id Id I·I I l l l l l2l l

I IAId Id Ir I I l l l l2l l l

on lower LEDs.

3-12

E)(amme 2000.

I IA Id I dI'I I

Iolol2lololol

002000
l i l l I

Current con ten rs of

[]

lo!o[2[0[0[0[

[a[o[ololol1I

[o[oi2!oioloi

[0[0[0[0[110!

[]

Jalol2lolo:o1

I0I0I0;,: 0I, I

jo[o[2[o[o[oi

I i 0i' I0i ' i 0I

la[of2[o!olol

lo[1[0[1io!3I

jAovj

[ofo[2io[ol2[

jo[o[2!0[0[2I

[o/o[o[o[of 61

[o[oj2[oio[2I

!a[o[ojoiGlo[

[]

[alo[2[0[0[2[

[o[oiolGl0[2[

[0[0[2loloi2I

[oio[G[o[2[ol

[0[0[2[0[0[2!

Jo[G[o[2lol3I

[Ao vi

002004
l l l l l 1 1

Current contents of
2004 are shown on
lower LEDs.

lcLRI

jojo[2[o[ol4I

locat1un 2000 are
shown on lower LEDs.

Enter first instruction
You don·t neerJ 10 enter
leading zeroes

Current contents of
2002 are shown on
lowt!r LEDs

Io[o [a [o[o lo I

3-13

Ex.amine next address

Enter second 1nstruct1on.

E~amine next address.

Enter third instruction.

HALT IS entered by
clearmg the location.

Now place some numbers in RI and R2 that the program can work with. Also make sure R3 is cleared.

I I I·I I ! I

Current contents of

I I I·I1I I I

Current contents of

R 1 shown on lower

LEDs

R 1 remain on lower

LEDs.

I I I·I I I I
1

I I I·I I I I

Current contents of

R2 shown ori lov;er
LEDs.

IAovl

I I • 13 1 I I

ff~:~'.,~o~;e~o':;;

I I I• 131 i I

I OIO IO IO l OIO I

3
Cleo< "

Now go back and check what you have just entered.

I I AI d I dI •I I

I IAI dI •I I I0I I2l I I2I

I IAldldl·l I l l 0l 0l 0l 2l0I

I IAldldl•l I Jol0Jo]2Jolol

I OIOl 2IOIO14 1
0

d [

IAldldl·l l

l 0 l 0l 2 l 0l 0l 0 I

Jolo!2lololol

Jol1lol1lol31

3-14

Getonto add'<» mode
E<amloe 2000

JAov!

Jolol2lolol2I

jAovj

l!l l l l I
I I I' IE IG I I I I I I ! I I
0

IReGj

Jolslol2lol3l

0 20 0 4
l l l l 11

I I I,I, I I I

[]

I I I , I2I I I loloioloiolJI

I I I, 1 1 I I l l l l l l I

lololololol2I

Examine 2002.

Examine 2004.

Get into register mode.

Examine registers

Everything 0.K

Now run the program. Set the PC to the starting address of the program (2000) and press the GO key to
begin program execution. Since you are currently in register mode, press the ADV key until you get to the
PC.
Current contents of
PC shown on lower

LEDs.

!0 l 0 l0 l 0 l 2I

I I !Piel 11

G
G

!
11IPlcl11 l l l l 2! ! I
11IPlcl11 l ! l 2! l l I

I I I IC I I I I I I I I I•I

IPlcl 11

l0 l 0 l0 ( 2(0

'"'" 2000

Emote thopcog"m

The program is now halted. The current PC (2006) is displayed on the lower row of LEDs.

3-15

Check R3 to find out if the program executed properly. Since you are in register mode, press the BAC key
until you get to R3:

and the result is correct.
3.8 WORKING WITH A LONGER PROGRAM
Consider a program that calculates the sum of all the numbers from 0 to n, where you specify n. That is,
the program determines:
n

X=O

You place the value of n in RO, and the program deposits the sum it calculates in memory location 2044.
Use the keypad to enter the following summation program starting at location 2000.

Location

Octal
Code

2000
2002
2004
2006
2010
2012
2014
2016
2020
2022
2024
2026
2030
2032
2034
2036
2040
2042
2044

005001
020001
003413
005037
002044
010037
002044
005300
060037
002044
102404
020001
003372
000000
005000
005037
002044
000000
xxxxxx

Instruction

Comments

CLR RI
CMP RO.RI
BLE 2034
C LR <Z> # 2044

Set RI = 0.
RO contains n.
Illegal input (n :S O)"
No, start operation by clearing 2044.

MOY RO.<iJ #2044

Place first value of n in 2044.

DEC RO
ADD RO,(a,#2044

n ~ n-1
Add next value (n--1) to 2044.

BYS 2036
CMP RO.RI
BGT 2016
HALT
CLR RO
CL.R <Z>#2044

Overflow''
No overflow.
Continue operation if n > 0.
Operation complete if n = 0.
Illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
Overflow. Clear 2044.

HALT

Illegal input or overflow occurred.
Initial contents of 2044 irrelevant.

3-16

To test the operation of the program, deposit a value of 10 (octal) into RO. The program should sum I 0 +
7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + l (octal) in memory location 2044 to produce 44 (octal). Note that this is
equivalent to having a value of 8 (decimal) in RO and letting the program sum 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +
I (decimal) to produce 36 (decimal).

Set RO= JO
SP= 7400
PC= 2000

Press the GO key.
The result should be:

The program halted at location 2032. Now examine location 2044.
The result should be:

3.8. I Using the Single-Step Function
The single-step function is a powerful program analysis tool. It allows you to execute your program one
instruction at a time. At the end of each instruction, you may examine various registers and memory
locations to determine how the program has affected them.
To perform the single-step function, press the SST key.
Result: the instruction currently pointed to by the PC is executed.
Let us now single step through the preceding summation program. First set up your initial conditions:
Set RO= 10
SP= 7400
PC= 2000

3-17

Then key in the following.
UPPER
OISPlAY

KEY

LOWER

DISPlAY

COMMENTS

jss1I

I I I·I i I I l l ! 2! ! !2I

lssTj

I I Ip le I I I

ssrj

I i Ip I I I I l l l2 l0
I I i I lolol2lol1!2!
I l I I l l0 2 i1i !
I i Id Id I'I I
I I Id id I 'I I loloiololol2!

Jssrl
jssr!

l l l2l l
0

2002 executed.

l•I

2004 executed

l•I

l•!el

!Piel

2000 executed

2006 executed.

2012 executed.

l l

Most recently exam·

jAoRi

0
G

0
8

ined address shown

on lower LE Os.

I IAl dId I 'I I l0l l0l l l !
I IAId Id I ' I I l0l0 l2l l•I
I IAId Id I 'I I j0Jol2Jol4l4!
0

jexA!

l l0l 2l l•l•I l0 0!0l0l1 0!

jssrj

I I I I l 0l !2 0l2l !
I I I, I· 1° I I I I I I I I I
I I I, I I I I l l !0!0l i l

IREGI

Has RO been moved to 2044J

!Piel

Yes.

2016 executed.

3-18

Did RO get decremented?

Yes.

2020 executed.

Has RO been added to 20441

Yes

2024 executed

2026 executed

Program branched correctly

2016 executed

IIIIIII

Did RO get decremented?

2020 executed

Did RO get added to 2044'

You can continue executing the program one instruction at a time by repetitively pressing the SST key.

3..8.2 Using Breakpoints
Tbe use of breakpoints is another means of analyzing and debugging your programs. Breakpoints cause
•0t1r program to halt whenever they arc encountered. When the program is halted, you can then examine
··inous registers and memory locations to determine how the program has affected them.
I' there were no debugging aids, you would have to insert breakpoint (BPT) instructions in your program
._cd write a breakpoint trap handling routine if you desired breakpoints. The DCTI I -EM, however, does
,,Jllain debugging aids and provides a convenient means of inserting up to four breakpoints via the
•:. '.'Jd. Do not attempt to set breakpoints by inserting BPT instructions in your program. If you do this,
_ ... ill get an error message when you try to execute the program (see Appendix C).

3-19

To insert breakpoints, press the BPT key.
The upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the current address of breakpoint 1. If breakpoint 1 is not currently
set, the lower row of LEDs displays:

You can then press the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the address of breakpoint I.
You can set up to four breakpoints in this way. Use the ADV and BAC keys to examine breakpoints I
through 4 and press the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter an address for each breakpoint.
If you press BAC while you are examining breakpoint I, you are examining something called the
watchpoint address. The use of the watchpoint is explained in Paragraph 3.8.3.

Breakpoints are recognized only if you use the GO key or the "Go With LEDs" special function
(Paragraph 3.12.2) to execute your program from the keypad. Breakpoints are disabled when you single
step through a program.
When you execute a program with breakpoints in it (by pressing the GO key, for example), your program
halts at the address of your first breakpoint without executing the instruction at that address. The
instruction at the breakpoint address is executed when you resume program execution (e.g., by pressing the
GO or SST keys).
Using Breakpoints - Example
We want to set two breakpoints in the summation program shown in Paragraph 3.8. Set the first
breakpoint at address 2020 to make sure RO has been decremented properly. Then set the second
breakpoint at address 2024 to check the results of the cumulative addition.
UPPER
KEY

LOWER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

\sPTj

lb\,l·i"i'i'I Joiolo!oioioi

[]

lbi,l•lnltiil

lllli lI

lbl,l•lnltill

llllilI

lbi,l•lnltill

lllllll

3-20

Assume no breakpoints

have been previously set

Enter 2020

G
IAovl

lb:,i·l·l·l·I l l l l l l I
lbl,l·l·l·l I l l l l l l I
2

lbl,i·i·l·l I l l l l l l I

l·l,l·l·l·l I l l l l l i I

l·l,l·l·l'l I l l l l l l I

l·l,i·l·l'l I l l l l l l•I

Set breakpoint 2.

Enter 2024

Set your initial conditions as before (RO = I 0, SP = 7400, PC = 2000) and execute the program.

11 I· lei I I l l l l l l I

!REG/

I I I,i I I I l l i l l l I

Yes

I ·le

Resume execul!on

i' iE IG I

l l l l l l•I
0

I I i ~ I 11
0

First breakpoint

encountered.

Did RO get decremented>

Examine address 2044 to see if the first addition was performed correctly.
Most rccef'ltly exmnined address sl iown
on lower LE Os

I IA I d Id, , I I

I IAl•l•['I I l l l l l l

I IA!•l•l,11 l l l l l l•I

I O IO IO IO IO i 2 1
0

3-2 I

[

h•mme 2044.

I IAi di ·I 'I I

l l l i l•l•I

!exAj

l l l l l•l•I

l llll l I

I I !•le: I I /olo>iol2lo/

IREGI

I I I' IE IGI I I : I I I I I

I I i · I I I I lolo!oloiol61

/Go/

I I I· I< i I /olol2/ol2l•I

Adrhtion perlormed
correctly

Resume e)(eCLltion

Resunie execu1•on

3.8.3 Using the Watchpoinl
In Paragraph 3.3 we identified the watchpoint (WP) and showed how it could be examined. In this section,
you will learn how to use the WP for program analysis and debugging.
The watchpoint is a convenient means of monitoring and altering a memory location. Once you set the
watchpoint address to the address of a memory location, you can examine and alter that location just as
you would a register. To set a watchpoint address, press the BPT key, then the BAC key.
The upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the current WP address.
If the WP is not set, the lower row of LEDs displays:

You may now enter the new WP address by pressing the desired sequence of keys 0 through 7. You can
clear the WP by setting its address to zero.

3-22

Using the Watchpoint - Example I
In our summation program in Paragraph 3.8, we used location 2044 to deposit our accumulated result.
Since we would like to examine (and possibly alter) this location frequently, we set our watchpoint address
at 2044.
UPPER
KEY

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

IBPTI

l·l'IPlnlt!ll

lalal2lalaJ2I

jaAcl

IPlnJtlAldl'I

Jalaiaialalal

[]

IPlnltlAldl'I

Ja;0Jola1ol2I

IP!nltlAldl'I

l0l 0l l l 2l0l

IPln!tiAldl' I

JaJa)aJ2JoJ•I

IPlnlt IAldi'

COMMENTS

Current value of BPl
displayed 011
lower LEDS.

Enter watchpoint address
of 2044.

I l i l2l 1•l•I
0

"ow we can examine and alter the contents of location 2044 just as we would a register. If you run the
summation program in Paragraph 3.8 and want to inspect the result, do the following.

IIIIIII
Current contents of
2044 shown on
lower LEDs.

l l l ! l•l•I
0

Gi>t mto register mode

Examine WP.

Current contents of
2004 shown on
lower LE Os.

JaJaJ2Joi•l•I

Clear 11

You have just cleared the contents of location 2044.
The watchpoint can be used in conjunction with the single-step function to continuously monitor the
,<1ntents of a memory location. When this is done, the contents of the watchpoint appear on the upper row
.:if LEDs, and the current PC appears on the lower row of LEDs.

3-23

Using the Watchpoint - Example 2
You are still working with the summation program in Paragraph 3.8. You have established a watchpoint at
location 2044, as shown in the previous example, and want to continuously monitor the contents of this
location as you single step through the program.
Set your initial conditions as before (RO = I 0, SP = 7400, PC = 2000) and key in the following.
UPPER
KEY

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

lss1j

l l l l0l0 i 0!

l0l0l2i0l0l2I

Jss1j

l0l0l0l0l0l0I l0l0l2l0l0l•I

!ss1j

lolo!olololol

lolol2lolol6!

2004 executed

ssrl

I 0I0l I0! Iol

lolol2[0!1[2I

2006 el(ecuicd

lss1j

lololo:o!1lol

lo[ol2lol1!6!

jssrl

lololoio!1lol

lolol2!0!2lol

2016 executed

\ssr[

000 011
l l l l l i I

l0l l l l2l•I

2020 execl1ted
2044 has changed.

COMMENTS

2000 executed:
2044 contents shown on

upper LEDs.

2002 executed.

2012 executed.
2044 has changed.

And so on. When you finish executing the program (e.g., after you have executed instruction 2032 in the
example above), the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the current PC.

3.9 USING THE HALT SWITCH
Pressing the HALT switch causes you to unconditionally halt the operation of your program and return
control to the DCTl I-EM keypad. When you press the HALT switch, the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the current PC.

3-24

You can use the HALT switch, for example, to escape from an infinite loop your program is executing or
to inhibit hardware problems which are interrupting the proper operation of the DCTI 1-EM.
After pressing HALT, you are in register mode and can readily examine the contents of the DCTI I-EM
registers as described in Paragraph 3.3.
3.10 THE INT SWITCH
Pressing the INT switch causes you to generate a power-fail (PF) nonmaskable interrupt. Pressing this
switch will have no effect on the operation of the DCTI I-EM unless you specifically write a program that
recognizes input from it. The program in the following example shows you how to use this switch to
experiment with interrupts. Also refer to Chapter 6 for more information on interrupts.

Using the INT Switch - F'.xample
This program simply loops on itself at location 1510 until you press the INT switch. Then the current PC
and PS are pushed onto the hardware stack and the DCTl 1-EM goes to locations 24 and 26 for its new PC
and PS, respectively. Location 24 is called the power-fail vector and usually points to a power-fail service
routine. The first line of your program, however, changes location 24 to point to your own "power-fail
service routine." This routine, which you specify to start at location 1514, is not a power-fail service
routine at all, but a routine that sets RO to the number of times (in octal) that the interrupt switch has been
pressed.
Enter the following.
Location

Octal
Code

1500
1502

012737
001514

1504
1506
1510
1512
1514
1516

000024
005000
000777
000000
005200
000002

Instruction

Comments

MOY #1514.®#24
Set power-fail vector to "service
routine."

Initialize RO.
Await interrupt.

CLR RO
BR 1510
HALT
INC RO
RTI

Start of "service routine."
Restore old PC and PS.

Start the program at 1500 and press the INT switch a number of times. The upper and lower row of LEDs
,.ill be blank while you are pressing the INT switch. Each time you press INT, you execute the "service
routine" which increments RO. When the routine is done, it returns to 1510 to await another INT switch
press. Press the HALT switch to suspend operation and examine RO.
3.11 THE USER LED
The user LED is a general-purpose indicator lamp that your program can use to indicate the status of some
condition. You can turn on the user LED by writing 00001 l to port C of the 8255A parallel port chip (see
Paragraph 6.5.1). Port C of the 8255A chip has an address of 177444. Writing 000010 to port C of the
8255A chip turns off the user LED once it has been turned on by your program.

3-25

User LED - Example
The following is a short program that turns the user LED on and off. Use the keypad to enter this program
starting at location !000.

Location

Octal
Code

!000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1016
1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032

012737
000011
177444
012700
100000
077001
012737
000010
177444
012700
100000
077001
000137
001000

Instruction

Comments

MOY #ll,®#177444

Write I I to port C.

MOY #I 00000,RO

Put a large number in RO.

SOB R0,1012
MOY # 1O,<&#I77444

Loop for a while.
Write 10 to port C.

MOY #100000,RO

Put a large number in RO.

SOB R0,1026
JMP @#1000

Loop for a while.
Loop infinitely.

3.12 PERFORMING KEYPAD SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
There are five types of special functions you can perform through the use of the DCTl l-EM keypad.
Function Number

Function Name

0
l

Cancel breakpoints
Go with LEDs
Start console
Set baud rates
Release protection

3
4

To perform one of these special functions. you must first place the DCTJ I-EM in function mode. To do
this, press the FNC key. The LEDs display:

I IF I In IcI I
u

IIIIIII
and you can now select a function by pressing any of the keys 0 through 4 or CLR, which is equivalent to
0. When you have done this, the number of the selected function appears on the bottom row of LEDs. The
selected special function is then activated by pressing the EXA key.
The following paragraphs describe the operation of these special functions.

3-26

J. 12.1

Function 0 - Cancel Breakpoints
Function 0 clears all four breakpoint addresses and the watchpoint address. When function 0 is activated,
the upper row of LEDs displays:

ind the lower row of LEDs displays the current value of the PC. The DCT I I-EM is left in register mode.

fmction 0 - Example
You are debugging a program you just entered and want to clear all the breakpoints and watchpoints
is.sociated with an old program.
UPPER

LOWER
DISPLAY

KEY

DISPLAY

IFNCI

I I F I " I nI ' I I

I I I I I

I I FI uI n,, I I

I I I 1° I I I

[EXA[

I l•lc :11

COMMENTS

Get into functoon mode

Select function 0.

Current PC sl1ow11 on

lower LEDs.

[ePrl
jeAc]

I bI , I·I nI, I , I

l·l"l':A:dl,i l l i 1°l l I
0

jAovl or \sPTI lbl,l<<'l 1 I

)Aovj

lll llI
0

lolo oololol

lbl,l•!nltl 1 loloioiololol
2

Verify breakpoint 1

clccircd

Verify watchpo1nt address
cleared

Breakpoint 1 again

Vcnfy Urc<Jkpoin: 2

cleared

l.12.2 Function I - Go With LEDs
1lo11hin the DCTI I-EM arc a number of routines your program can call to display values on the LEDs (see
Pir.igraph 5.3.1). For these routines to operate correctly, you must explicitly turn on the LEDs before you
all a routine. One way to turn on the LEDs is to include a MOY #7,@#177444 instruction in your
;ir.:igram (see Paragraph 5.3.1.1). Another way is to execute your program by activating function I rather
:Un by pressing the GO key. Activating function 1 turns on the LEDs and starts your program.

3-27

3.12.3 Function 2 - Start Console
If you connect a console terminal to your DCTI I-EM, you will use function 2 frequently. Activating
function 2 starts a program called the console monitor. The console monitor resides in the on-board
PROMs and allows you to enter, execute, and debug programs through the use of a console terminal rather
than the keypad. The console monitor also allows you to perform other operations and is described in more
detail in Chapter 4.
Before activating function 2, connect a console terminal to the OCT! I-EM and select an appropriate baud
rate by activating function 3 (see Paragraph 3.12.4).
When function 2 is activated, the upper and lower LEDs are blank and the message:
TEM CONSOLE MONITOR Vl.O
TEM>
appears on the console terminal.

3.12.4 Function 3 - Set Baud Rates
The DCTI I-EM has two serial ports: a console terminal port and an auxiliary serial port. Activating
function 3 allows you to select baud rates for these ports. When the DCTI I-EM is powered up, it
automatically sets both baud rates to 9600.
When you first activate function 3, the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays:

This tells us that the console terminal port is currently set at 9600 baud. Note that the baud rate is
displayed as a decimal number.
Pressing the ADV and BAC keys steps you backward and forward among the various baud rate values
available for the console terminal port. The available baud rates for the console terminal port are: 300,
600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19200.
You can now set the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port by pressing the EXA key. The first time you do
this, the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays:

3-28

This tells us that the auxiliary serial port is currently set at 9600 baud. Repetitively pressing any of the
keys CLR, 0 through 9, ADV, or BAC causes you to alternate between two available baud rates. The two
available baud rates for the auxiliary serial port are: the current baud rate of the console terminal port and
one-fourth the current baud rate of the console terminal port. Pressing EXA again puts you into register
mode.

Fmction 3 - Example
You want to use function 3 to experiment with setting baud rates for the console terminal serial port and
the auxiliary serial port. You have not altered these baud rates since powering up.

KEY

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

I IIIIi I

Get into function mode.

Select function 3

Baud rate for console
terminal pan = 9600

I l l l•l l I
0

0 0

I l l l•J i I
0

Band rate for auxiliary
port= terminal port.

300 = one fourth of 1 200

Il llllI
0

IAI IPlol'l'I

Ii l l l l I

I I i Ic I I I

Current PC sl1own on
lower LEDs.

Back to 1200

Back to 300

Now 1n register mode

3-29

Console port= 1200
Auxiliary port = 300.

3.12.S Function 4 - Release Protection
There is an area of RAM that the DCTI l-EM normally prevents you from directly altering from the
keypad. This area is called the keypad monitor scratchpad and occupies the memory space from addresses
7400 to 7777. Refer to Paragraphs 5.2 and 5.4.l for more information about the keypad monitor and this
protected area.
Additionally, if you have a console terminal connected to your DCT l 1-EM, there are two other areas of
RAM that are protected. These areas are the console monitor scratchpad and the symbol table. They
occupy the memory space from addresses 6500 to 7377. Again, more information is provided in Chapter
5. Activating function 4 releases the protection associated with these memory spaces. Note that "protection" refers to protection from direct alteration via the keypad or console terminal. Programs that you
write can and will alter these locations. Therefore, when you write your programs make sure these spaces
are not inadvertantly violated.
Protection is restored when you press the HALT switch, when a HALT instruction is encountered, or
whenever you restart the DCTl I-EM.
When you activate function 4, the upper row of LEDs displays:

and the lower row of LEDs displays the current value of the PC.

Function 4 - Example
You want to alter location 7400, a normally protected location.

KEY

IFNCI

[]
fExAI

UPPER

LOWER

DISPLAY

I IF I In I I I I I I i I I I
I IFI " InI I I I ~ : I· I I I
I i ! ·I I I I
u

COMMENTS

Get into functron mode.

Select !urict10n 4.

Current PC shown on
lower LEDs'

Protection off.

Alter the location.

I I Id Id I'I I
I IAid id i ' I I
A

Most recently exam·

ined <1ddress shown
on lower LE Os.

Alte1 7400

3-30

G
~

I dId ! I l0!0l0l lol
I Id! dl · i I 0l0l'l•i 0l 0I
1

: Al

1 ·

jexAI

l0l0l l•l 0l0I l0l0l0l0l i 0!

001 00
l i ! l•! l I

lofol0Joloi2I

Enter 2

Restore protection by pressing the HALT switch.

I I i •i cl I I

Current PC sliown on
lower LEDs

Protection res1ored

'ow try to alter location 7 400.

jAoRI

I i dId i ': I Joiol1l•iof ol

jexAj

l0!0i l•i 0i0I Ioloi oloj o: 21

le LAI

I : I" I· i : I I IE I· !' i I · I

you get a flashing error
rni:ssage

\exA\

I I I· Ici : I

Now 1n register mode

Current PC shown on
lower LEDs.

See Appendix C for more information on error messages.

3-31

When you try to clear 7400

3.13 KEYPAD COMMAND SUMMARY
OPERATION

PRESS

ENTER

PRESS

ENTER

REFERENCE

ALTER MEMORY

IAoRj

LOCATION ADDRESS

IExAj

NEW CONTENTS

3.6

ALTER REGISTER

IREGI

IExAI

NEW CONTENTS

3.4

CANCEL BREAKPOINTS

IFNcl

IExAI

3.12.1

EXAMINE MEMORY

IAo RI

LOCATION ADDRESS

IExAI

3.5

EXAMINE REGISTER

IREGI

EXECUTE PROGRAM

GO WITH LEDs

IFNcl

IExAI

3.12.2

RELEASE PROTECTION

IFNcl

IExAI

3.12.5

SET BAUD RATES

IFNcl

IExAI

3.12.4

SET BREAKPOINT

IBPT I

BREAKPOINT ADDRESS

SET WATCHPOINT

lsPTI

SINGLE STEP

START CONSOLE

jFNcl

3.3

3.7

3.8.2

jsAcl

WATCHPOINT
ADDRESS

3.83

3.8.1

SST I

3-32

IExAI

3.12.3

CHAPTER4
CONSOLE OPERATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains how to operate the OCT! I-EM using a console terminal. Using a console terminal
simplifies program development because it gives you access to the OCT! 1-EM's symbolic assembler/disassembler. In addition, a console terminal allows you to perform several functions not accessible
with the keypad, such as the ability to load programs from a host computer.

When you complete this chapter, you will be able to use a console terminal to:
•

Examine and alter the contents of registers in the OCT! I-AA register file

•

Examine and alter the contents of memory locations

•

Enter and execute programs

•

Debug your programs through the use of single steps, breakpoints, and watchpoints

•

Load programs from a host computer

•

Perform a variety of other console functions.

You can connect an RS232-C compatible console terminal to your OCT! I-EM as shown in Figure 4-1.

CONSOLE TERMINAL
-=---=->~~

ITTTTTI ~ DODOO
ITIIIIJ DOD DD
DDDDD

DODOO

M" miss

DCT11-EM

Figure 4-1

Connecting a Console Terminal to the DCTl I-EM

No other wiring or jumpering is required. Use the OCT! I-EM keypad to set the correct baud rate by
activating function 3 (see Paragraph 3. I 2.4). Also, make sure your console terminal is set up to transmit
and receive characters in the following format: asynchronous, ASCII, 8 bits (eighth bit is always space), no
parity, one stop bit.
4-1

Then activate function 2 as described in Paragraph 3.12.3. The terminal displays:
TEM CONSOLE MONITOR Vl.O
TEM>
and the console monitor is ready to accept your input.
The following default conditions arc set when the console monitor is started:
I.
2.

The stack pointer is set to 6500
The PASS2, NOHOST, INSTRU, SYMBOL, and VTOFF operating modes are set.

More information about the stack pointer is given in Paragraph 5.2.1. The operating modes are described
in detail elsewhere in this chapter and are summarized in Paragraph 4.18.
4.2 TRANSFERRING CONTROI. BETWEEN THE CONSOLE TERMINAL AND THE KEYPAD
Either the console or the keypad can control the OCT! I-EM, but not both at the same time.
From the keypad, your primary means of transferring control to the console is by activating function 2
(see Paragraph 3.12.3). You can regain keypad control by pressing the HALT switch. When you press the
HALT switch, OCT! I-EM operation is stopped and the LEDs display the current PC.
From the console, you can transfer control back to the keypad by typing in the EXIT command or by
executing a HALT instruction.
4.3 GENERAL RULES FOR CONSOLE INPUT
Information you input via the console terminal is typically in the form of commands, instructions. or data.
In general, your input should conform with the following guidelines.
I.

Your input line must not exceed 96 characters in length. If you exceed this limit, the console
terminal does not accept further input until you type in a CTRL/C or CTRL/Y. Then, you
must reinput the line.

Any number of commands and instructions can be strung together on a line as long as the line
docs not exceed 96 characters.

Commands or instructions strung together on a line should be separated with a space or a
comma. Extra separation characters (space, tab, line feed, form feed) between commands or
instructions on a line arc ignored.

If a command or an instruction in a one-line string causes an error, the commands or instructions following it are ignored.

Extra separation characters (space, tab, line feed, form feed) inserted between parts of a
command or instruction are ignored.

Information preceded by a semicolon on a line is interpreted as a comment and is ignored by the
DCTl 1-EM.

4-2

Pressing the DELETE key deletes characters on a line. As characters are deleted, they are
echoed (preceded by a slash character) on the console terminal if you are in VTOFF mode. The
console monitor defaults to VTOFF mode when it is started or restarted. Type in the VTON
command if you are using a video terminal as a console device. VTON mode eliminates the
echoing of deleted characters. Typing in VTOFF returns you to VTOFF mode from VTON
mode.

A line is terminated by pressing the RETURN key. Characters on a line are ignored until you
press RETURN. In all the examples in this chapter, a RETURN is used to end your input line
unless otherwise noted.

A summary of the various forms of acceptable console input is given in Paragraph 4.18. Information about
specific commands and instruction formats is given elsewhere in this chapter.
4.4 CONSOLE CONTROL COMMANDS
The DCTI I-EM recognizes several control commands that allow you to easily perform a variety of
operations from the console terminal. These commands and their typical uses are listed in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1

Meaning

CTRL/U
CTRL/X

Delete line.

CTRL/R

Display line.

CTRl./S

Suspend execution.

Control Command Summar)'

Typical Use

You 1nadc several typing errors in your input line. You want to cancel

the line and try again.
You used the DELETE key several tin1es while typing your input line.
You want to see a clean version of the line you are editing.
You want to suspend the operation of the console monitor or the

execution of a currently running progran1.
CTRL/Q

Resume execution.

You have previously used the CTRL/S command and want to resume
operation.

CTRL/C
CTRL/Y

Abort operation.

You want to abort the current operation of the DCTI 1-EM and input
a new line.

CTRL/0

Ignore host nicssagc.

You arc in HOST mode (see Paragraph 4.17.1) and want to ignore
inforn1ation currently being sent by your host con1putcr.

CTRL/A

Select option.

You arc in TALK or LOAD modes (see Paragraphs 4.17 .3 and 4.17 .4)
and want to select one of these four options: exit, resume, send break,

send CTRI./ A.

4.5 EXPRESSIONS
Several commands and instructions accept expressions as parameters. This paragraph familiarizes yeu with
expressions and provides the rules for their definition.

If you wish to ignore the use of expressions for the moment, you can advance to the paragraph that
describes the command or function you are interested in. You can return to this paragraph when you need
1DOre detail on how to define an expression for a particular command or instruction.

4-3

An expression is simply a user-definable combination of one or more components called terms that
represents a 16-bit number. There are three types of terms allowable in a DCTI I-EM expression:
•
•
•

Numeric
Literal
Symbolic

Numeric terms are either octal or decimal numbers. Octal numbers can be any sequence of the digits 0
through 7. Decimal numbers can be any sequence of the digits 0 through 9 followed by a decimal point(.).
Do not attempt to define decimal fractions.

Examples of Numeric Terms
100702

377
39874.
A literal term is an ASCII character you use as data. Precede an ASCII character with an apostrophe(') to
form a literal term.

Examples of Literal Terms
'E

'*'4
Symbolic terms are values symbolized by names wbich are defined according to the rules in Paragraph

4.13.
Examples of Symbolic Terms
RI
P$PORC
SUM
Terms are joined together in an expression by binary operators. (The word binary in this case means that
at least two terms are involved.) The DCTI I-EM allows six types of binary operators:
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
• (multiplication)
/ (division)
& (logical AND)
! (logical OR)
The unary (one term) operators, +(plus sign) and - (minus sign), can only be used at the beginning of an
expression (or parenthesized term). Multiple unary operators are not valid.
Expressions are evaluated from left to right with no operator hierarchy rules. Two types of brackets can be
used to nest expressions up to seven levels deep. Use angle brackets (< >) as you would arithmetic
parentheses and use square brackets (Ll) if you want the DCTI I-EM to substitute the enclosed information
with the contents of the memory word it addresses. Note that if the information in square brackets
represents an odd address, it is first rounded down.

4-4

A quick way to evaluate the octal value of an expression is to type in the expression followed by a question
mark. This command has the form:
expression?
Expressions - Examples
The following are examples of valid OCT I I-EM expressions. You can verify the octal values of these
expressions by using the question mark command.
Expression

Octal Value

65209
7077+ 189.+'E
-2*<300/25>+ 70
120.*<-8.>
177777&25+3

177271
007501
000046
176100
000030

4.6 EXAMINING REGISTERS
There are two ways to examine registers. One way is to type in the appropriate register symbol followed by
a question mark. This command has the general format:
register symbol?
where the register symbol (RO, Rl, etc.) is as defined in Paragraph 4.13.1.
Another way to examine registers is to type in the SHOWRE command. The SHOWRE command
displays the values of all the registers and the PS in ascending order. If a watchpoint has been set, it is also
displayed. Paragraph 4.14.1, which describes program debugging, gives you an illustration of the
SHOWRE command.
4.7 ALTERING REGISTERS
Registers are altered by using an equal sign to set the register to the desired value. The general format for
this is:
register symbol=expression
where the register symbol (RO, Rl, etc.) is as defined in Paragraph 4.13.1 and the register is set to the
value of the expression. (See Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats and conventions.)
Altering Registers - Example
Alter and examine the values of RO and the SP.
TEM> R0=65.
TEM> SP=6500
TEM> RO? SP?
000101
006500
TEM>
4.8 EXAMINING AND ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS-INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
There are several ways to examine and alter memory locations. Before discussing the specific techniques,
there are some introductory concepts you should be familiar with.

4-5

4.8.1

The Address Pointer

The address pointer specifies your current open location, i.e., the address of the location currently
available to you for alteration. It is important to keep track of the address pointer because it determines
where in memory you deposit information. As you will discover later, most commands which alter and
examine memory locations are closely linked to the value of the address pointer. This paragraph gives an
overview of how the address pointer can be affected.
Since the DCT 11-EM recognizes a period(.) as the symbol for the address pointer, you can manipulate the
value of the address pointer just as you would any other symbol (see Paragraph 4.13.2). For example, to
set the value of the address pointer use an equal sign:
.=expression
where the value of the address pointer is determined by the expression (see Paragraph 4.5). To determine
the current value of the address pointer, use a question mark:
')

Another way to set the address pointer is to use the backslash (\) character. The general format for a
backslash command is:
expression\
where the value of the address pointer is determined by the expression. This command also displays the
memory location specified by the expression (see Paragraph 4. 9).
There are two other commands which affect the address pointer. These commands are the caret (")
command and the RETURN (or null line input) command. The effects of these commands depend upon
which output format mode the OCT 11-EM is in (see Paragraph 4.8.2). A description of their effects is
given in Paragraphs 4.9 and 4.10.
When you type in a program, the DCTI I-EM automatically increments the address pointer for each
instruction or data object you input. Note that whenever you power up, the address pointer is initialized to
zero.
Do not confuse the address pointer with the PC (program counter). They are unrelated. As you type in a
program, the address pointer is incremented, but the PC is unaffected. And the execution of a program
will affect the PC but not necessarily the address pointer.

4.8.2 Output Formatting Modes
When you examine memory locations, the values the DCTl I-EM displays on the console depend upon
your current output formatting mode. There are five output formatting modes: INSTRU, WORD, BYTE,
SYMBOL, and ABSOLU.
The INSTRU (or instruction disassembly) mode causes memory locations to be displayed as disassembled
DCTI I-AA instructions. INSTRU is one of the modes that the DCTI 1-EM is initalized to when you
power up.

4-6

The WORD and BYTE modes cause memory locations to be displayed octally. Set the WORD mode (by
typing in the WORD command) if you want the values of memory locations to be displayed as 16-bit
.,·ords. Set the BYTE mode (by typing in the BYTE command) if you want the values of memory
locations to be displayed as individual bytes. If you are in WORD or BYTE mode, type in the INSTR U
command to return to instruction disassembly mode. Notice that the INSTRU, WORD, and BYTE
commands are mutually exclusive. To summarize:
Mode

Memory Locations Are Displayed As

INSTRU
BYTE
WORD

Disassembled DCTI I-AA instructions
8-bit octal bytes
16-bit octal words

Odd addresses (i.e., upper bytes) can only be examined in BYTE mode. If you try to examine an odd
address in INSTRU or WORD mode, an error message results.
The SYMBOL and ABSOLU modes determine how the symbols you have defined in your program arc to
be displayed. You will usually use SYMBOL and ABSOLU in conjunction with instruction disassembly
(INSTRU) mode.
If your program contains user-defined symbols (see Paragraph 4.13), these symbols will be displayed only
if you are in SYMBOL mode. SYMBOL is one of the modes the DCTI I-EM is initialized to when you
power up.
If you want user-defined symbols to be displayed as octal values, type in the ABSOLU command to set the
ABSOLU mode. Typing in SYMBOL restores the SYMBOL mode. Note that SYMBOL and ABSOLU
are mutually exclusive. To summarize:
Mode

User-Defined Symbols Are Displayed As

SYMBOL
ABSOLU

Symbols
Octal values

4.9

EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS
This paragraph summarizes the commands with which you can examine memory locations. The examples
in this paragraph are intended to give you a general idea of what to expect when you use these commands
in different output formatting modes.

One way to examine a memory location is to type in the desired memory location followed by a backslash.
The general format for this command is:
expression\
where the memory location you examine is determined by the value of the expression (see Paragraph 4.5).
The backslash command also sets the address pointer, so a location examined with a backslash becomes
the current open location.

4-7

Examining Memory Locations - Example l
Use the backslash command to examine a memory location. Try this in different output formatting modes.
You have not altered any memory locations from their initial (power-up) values.
TEM> WORD
TEM> 2000\
002000: 000000
TEM> 100\
000100: 135676
TEM> BYTE
TEM> 100\
000100: 276
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 140000\
140000: JMP 155334
140004:
TEM>

Examining Memory Locations - Example 2
You use the backslash command to try to examine location I 00 I without first typing in the BYTE
command. This causes an error message to be generated.
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 1001\
001001:

\\\

ODD ADDRESS
TEM>
Another way to examine memory locations is to simply press the RETURN key. When you press the
RETURN key as a command input, the result depends on both your output formatting mode and the
value of the address pointer. If you are in INSTRU mode, RETURN displays the next eight instructions
relative to the address pointer. In WORD mode, the contents of the next eight words relative to the
address pointer are displayed. In BYTE mode, the contents of the next eight bytes relative to the address
pointer are displayed. Note that the RETURN command is ignored when you are loading a program from
a host computer (see Paragraph 4.17).

4-8

[umining Memory Locations - Example 3
You want to examine memory locations by pressing the RETURN key. You have not altered these
locations since you have powered up. Start with location 1000.
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 1000\
001000: HALT
001002:
TEM>
001000: HALT
001002: HALT
001004: HALT
001006: HALT
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014: HALT
001016: HALT
001020:
TEM> WORD
TEM>
001000: 000000
TEM>
001020: 000000
TEM> BYTE
TEM>
001020: 000
TEM>
001030: 000
TEM>

000000

000

A one-line string of bytes or words is numbered from left to right.
'ate that consecutive RETURN keypresses increment the address pointer but nonconsecutive ones do
not. For example, in WORD mode you incremented the address pointer from 1000 to I 020 by pressing
RETURN twice in a row. In BYTE mode you incremented the address pointer from I 020 to I 030 by
pressing RETURN twice in a row. Pressing RETURN only once (as you did in INSTRU mode) had no
effect on the address pointer.
A way to examine a range of memory locations is to use the underscore(_) character. The general format
for this command is:
expression l_expression2
•here the beginning of the range is determined by the value of expression! and the end of the range is
determined by the value of expression2. See Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats.
E~pression I should be less than expression2. If it is not, only one location is displayed: the beginning of
range location.
·

The use of the underscore command has no effect on the address pointer.

4-9

Examining Memory Locations - Example 4
You want to examine groups of memory locations by using the underscore command. Try this command
in INSTRU, WORD, and BYTE modes. These memory locations have not been altered since you have
powered up.
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 2000\
002000: HALT
002002:
TEM> 1004_1012
001004: HALT
001006: HALT
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014:
TEM> WORD
TEM> 1002_1006
001002: 000000
TEM> BYTE
TEM> 1005-1020
001005: 000
001015: 000
TEM> INSTRU
TEM>
002000: HALT
002002: HALT
002004: HALT
002006: HALT
00201 0: HALT
002012: HALT
002014: HALT
002016: HALT
002020:
TEM>

000000

000
000

000

Notice that the address pointer value of 2000 which was set at the beginning of the example is still 2000 at
the end of the example.

4.10 ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS
You can deposit data into a memory location by setting the address pointer to the address of the location
you wish to alter and typing in the information. The address pointer is automatically incremented as you
deposit instructions and data to consecutive memory locations (as when you type in a program, for
example).
If you make an error during data entry, you can use the caret (I') command to decrement the address
pointer and retype the input line. In INSTRU and WORD modes, the address pointer is decremented by
one word for each caret command, and in BYTE mode it is decremented by one byte for each caret
command.

4-10

Altering Memory Locations - Example 1
You type in a short program starting at address 1000. You make an error while typing in the program and
use the caret (") command to help you correct the error. You then examine the program. The program
adds R l to R2 and places the result in R3. The final line restarts the console monitor so that you will get a
TEM> prompt after you execute the program.
Comments
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> .=1000
TEM> MOY Rl,R3
TEM> ADD R2,R4
TEM>"
TEM> ADD R2,R3
TEM> JMP @#140010
TEM> 1000\
001000: MOY
001002:
TEM>
001000: MOY
001002: ADD
001004: JMP
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014: HALT
001016: HALT
001020:
001022:
TEM>

;you really wanted to type ADD R2,R3
;decrement address pointer by one word
;type in correct line
;continue typing in program
;now examine your program
Rl,R3
Rl,R3
R2,R3
@#140010

Altering Memory Locations - Example 2
You type in some data starting at location 2000. You type several values on a line, remembering to include
separation characters (in this case, spaces) between them. You then examine the data you have typed in.
Comments
TEM> .=2000
TEM> I 2 3 4
TEM> .?
002010
TEM> .=2000
TEM> WORD
TEM> ._.+10
002000: 000001
TEM>

;type in four data values
;the address pointer is incremented
;reinitialize the address pointer
000002

000003

;examine the data
000004 000000

INSTRUCTION FORMAT
This paragraph provides some guidelines for formatting instructions for input to the DCTI I-EM. A
complete description of the instruction set is found in the DCTJ 1-AA User's Guide (EK-DCTH-UG).
.f.11

An acceptable instruction consists of the instruction mnemonic followed by the appropriate string of
operands (if any). A separation character (space, tab, feed) must be used to separate a mnemonic from its
first operand (if any). A comma must appear between two operands in a two-operand instruction.

Expressions can be used as operands, if desired. Refer to Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats.

4-11

If you wish, you may enter your instructions in octal format, rather than in assembly language format.
Refer to Chapter 6 of the DCTI /-AA User's Guide for information on constructing octal equivalents of
instructions.

4.12 TYPING ll'i A PROGRAM
Set the address pointer to 2000 and type in the summation program from Paragraph 3.8 as shown below.
TEM> .=2000
TEM> CLR RI
TEM> CMP RO,R I
TEM> BLE 2034
TEM> CLR @#2044
TEM> MOY R0,@#2044
TEM> DEC RO
TEM> ADD R0,@#2044
TEM> BYS 2036
TEM> CMP RO,R l
TEM> BGT 2016
TEM> HALT
TEM> CLR RO
TEM> CLR @#2044
TEM> HALT
TEM>
Now verify you have typed in the program correctly by setting the address pointer to 2000 and repeatedly
pressing the RETURN key. If you are in JNSTRU mode, the following will be displayed.
TEM> .=2000
TEM>
002000: CLR
002002: CMP
002004: BLE
002006: CLR
002012: MOY
002016: DEC
002020: ADD
002024: BYS
002026:
TEM>
002026: CMP
002030: BGT
002032: HALT
002034: CLR
002036: CLR
002042: HALT
002044: HALT
002046: HALT
002050:
TEM>

RI
RO,RI
002034
@#002044
R0,@#002044
RO
R0,@#002044
002036
RO,Rl
002016
RO
@#002044

The address pointer is automatically incremented each time you type in an instruction.

4-12

'\ ,..., may want to use symbolic names to represent values such as 2044 (the location of the accumulated
..ml to increase the readability of the program. The next few paragraphs tell you how to define and
r..inipulate symbols.

If ~ou want to execute the program and learn how to use the DCTI 1-EM's console debugging facilities,
.t-·ance to Paragraph 4.14.
~13

USING SYMBOLS

The OCT 11-EM allows you to define symbols in your programs. This paragraph describes the formats
miuired for DCTI I-EM symbols and explains the use of the commands which allow you to define and
-nipulate symbols.
~13.1

Symbol Names

The following characters may be used in symbol names.
A through Z

0 through 9
. (Period)
$ (Dollar sign)

A symbol name must not begin with 0 through 9, however.
A symbol name may have any length; however, only the first six characters are stored by the DCTI I-EM.
Thus. to avoid ambiguities, make the first six characters of your symbol names unique.
The following predefined symbol names are reserved.

RO
RI
R2
R3
R4

RS
SP
PC
PS
WP
Bl
B2

B3
B4

Register 0
Register I
Register 2
Register 3
Register 4
Register 5
Stack pointer (register 6)
Program counter (register 7)
Processor status word
Watchpoint address
Address pointer
Breakpoint I
Breakpoint 2
Breakpoint 3
Breakpoint 4

These predefined symbols must not be used as user-defined symbol names, although they can be used as
arguments in expressions, instructions, or commands.
OCT! I-EM directives, commands, and OCT! I-AA instruction mnemonics (e.g., MOY, ADD, JMP) are
also reserved and must not be used as symbol names.

4-13

4.13.2 Commands That Define And Manipulate Symbols
There are two ways you can define a symbol. One way is to use the equal sign(=) to equate a symbol to a
specific value. The general format of this is:

symbol=expression
where the value of the symbol is determined by the expression.
The other way of defining a symbol is to use a colon (:). The colon defines a symbol as the label of the
current address. The general format of this is:
symbol:
where the value of the symbol is defined as the value of the address pointer.
Once you have defined a symbol, you cannot redefine it unless you first delete it. Symbol deletion is
accomplished with the DELETE command. This command has the general format:
DELETE symbol
where the name of the symbol you wish to delete follows the command. The DELETE command causes
the OCT 11-EM to display the symbol and its value as it performs the deletion.
Predefined symbols (see Paragraph 4.13. I) cannot be deleted with the DELETE command. Predefined
symbols can be redefined, however, by using the equal sign.
When you define a symbol, it is stored in an area called the user symbol table. There is sufficient space in
the user symbol table to store up to 66 symbols. If you try to define more than 66 symbols, you will cause
an error message to be generated.
If you want to display your user symbol table, type in the SHOWSY command. The symbols are displayed
in the order in which you defined them, starting with the most recently defined symbol.
If you want to delete your entire symbol table, type in the CLEAR command. The CLEAR command is
typically used at the beginning of a long program or a program you are loading in from a host computer
(see Paragraph 4.17). CLEAR gives the program plenty of room in the symbol table for symbols and
avoids conflicts between symbol names in the program and any symbol names you may have previously
defined.
If you want to display the value of an individual symbol, type in the symbol followed by a question mark
(?). The general format for this is:

symbol?

4-14

Defining and Manipulating Symbols - Example I
You set the address pointer to 1000 and define the symbols FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD. You
experiment with displaying and deleting these symbols.

TEM> CLEAR
TEM> .=IOOO
TEM> FIRST:
TEM> SECOND=FIRST+IOO
TEM> THIRD=SECOND+300
TEM> SHOWSY
THIRD= 001400
SECOND= 001100
FIRST= 001000
TEM> DELETE FIRST
FIRST= 001000
TEM> SHOWSY
THIRD= 001400
SECOND= 001100
TEM> CLEAR
TEM> SHOWSY
TEM>
SECOND is set equal to 1100 because FIRST equals 1000 at the time of definition. If you delete FIRST
after you delete SECOND SECOND will be unaffected.

4.14 EXECUTING AND DEBUGGING PROGRAMS
Refer to the summation program you typed in (Paragraph 4.12). You will make some minor changes to
this program and use the DCTl 1-EM's debugging facilities to observe its operation.
First, replace memory location numbers with symbolic names (see Paragraph 4.13).
TEM> ILLIN=2034
TEM> SUM=2044
TEM> OVFL0=2036
TEM> LOOP=2016
TEM>
Instead of having the program HALT when it completes execution (which returns control to the keypad),
~ou want it to restart the console monitor and give you a TEM> prompt. You do this by placing a JMP
~•140010 instruction at location 2032 which restarts the console monitor when executed.
TEM> .=2032
TEM> JMP @#140010
TEM>
'ow set your initial conditions as follows.
TEM> RO=lOO
TEM> PC=2000
TEM> SP=6500
TEM>

4-15

Then execute the program by typing in the GO command.
TEM> GO
TEM>
To check the result, examine SUM.
TEM> SUM\
SUM : 004040
TEM>
This is the correct sum in octal of the numbers from 0 to 100 (octal).
4.14.1 Using The Watchpoint
The DCTl 1-EM recognizes WP as the symbol for the watchpoint. Set the watchpoint address by using the
equal sign command. The general format for this is:

WP=expression
where the watchpoint address is determined by the value of the expression.
For example, to monitor the accumulated sum in your program, set your watchpoint at the location SUM.
TEM>WP=SLM
TEM>
Now reset your initial conditions (set RO= I 00) and execute the program. After you receive the TEM>
prompt, use the SHOWRE command to examine your registers.
TEM> SHOWRE
RO
= 000000
Rl
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
RS
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002000
PS
= 000004
SUM
: 004040
TEM>
Notice your watchpoint appears as well. Another way to examine the watchpoint is to use the question
mark command. WP? displays numerically the watchpoint address. [WP]? displays numerically the
watchpoint contents.
TEM> WP?
002044
TEM> [WP)?
004040
TEM>
The watchpoint can be cleared by setting it to zero or by typing in the CANCEL command, which not
only clears the watchpoint but the breakpoints as well.

4-16

4.14.2 Using the Single-Step Function
Single stepping is accomplished by typing in the STEP command. STEP executes the instruction at the
current PC and displays: (1) the new values of your registers and watchpoint, and (2) the next instruction
to be executed.
To experiment with the STEP command, reset the initial conditions for your program (set RO= I00) and
type in STEP. You can then continue single stepping by repeatedly pressing the RETURN key.
TEM> STEP
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002002
PS
= 000024
SUM : 004040
002002 : CMP RO,Rl
002004 :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002004
PS
= 000020
SUM : 004040
002004 : BLE lLLIN
002006 :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002006
PS
= 000020
SUM : 004040
002006 : CLR @#SUM
002012:
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
RS
= 000000

4-17

SP
= 006500
PC
= 002012
PS
= 000024
SUM : 000000
002012 : MOY RO,@#SUM
LOOP :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
=LOOP
PS
= 000020
SUM : 000100
LOOP : DEC RO
002020:
TEM>
RO
= 000077
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002020
PS
= 000020
SUM : 000100
002020 : ADD RO,@#SUM
002024 :
TEM>
RO
= 000077
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002024
PS
= 000020
SUM : 000177
002024 : BYS OYFLO
002026 :
TEM>
The program is functioning properly; RO is getting decremented and added to SUM.

4-18

4.14.3 Using Breakpoints
The use of breakpoints with a console terminal is similar to the use of breakpoints with the keypad (see
Paragraph 3.8.2).

The OCT! I-EM recognizes Bl, B2, BJ, and B4 as the symbols for the four breakpoints. Set a breakpoint
~ using the equal sign command. The general format for this is:

breakpoint symbol=expression
•here the breakpoint is determined by the value of the expression.
f<lf' example, to set breakpoints at locations 2020 and 2024 in the summation program (as you did with the
lt) pad), type in:

TEM> Bl=2020
TEM> B2=2024
TEM>
'ow reset your initial conditions (set RO= 100, PC=2000) and execute the program.
TEM> GO
BREAK POINT ENCOUNTERED
002020: ADD RO,@#SUM
002024:
TEM>
You get a message which indicates that your first breakpoint (BI) was encountered by the console monitor.
T.:i determine the current state of your program, type in the SHOWRE command.

TEM> SHOWRE
RO = 000077
Rl = 000000
R2 = 000000
R3 = 000000
R4 = 000000
RS = 000000
SP = 006500
PC = 002020
PS = 000000
SUM: 000100
TEM>

4-19

You sec that RO has been correctly decremented. When you type in GO again:
TEM> GO
BREAK POI!\T ENCOUNTERED
002024: BVS OVFLO
002026:
TEM>
the console message appears (this time because of B2), and you again examine the state of your program.
TEM> SHOWRE
RO = 000077
R 1 = 000000
R2 = 000000
R3 = 000000
R4 = 000000
RS = 000000
SP = 006500
PC = 002024
PS = 000000
SUM : 000177
TEM>
You see that the first addition was performed correctly. You can continue to observe the operation of the
program by typing in the GO and SHOWRE sequence as just shown.
To examine a breakpoint, type in Bl?, B2?, B3?, or B4?. Breakpoints can be cleared by setting them to
zero or by typing in the CANCEL command, which not only clears the breakpoints but the watchpoint as
well.

4.15 DCTll-EM DIRECTIVES
As a convenience for users who are familiar with assemblers (and in particular the PDP-11 MACR0-11
assembler), the OCT! I-EM recognizes several directives which arc similar to those used in the MACR011 language. These directives are listed in Table 4-2 with a brief explanation of their operation. For
detailed information about how to use these directives in your programs, refer to the PDP-I I MACRO-I/
Language Reference Manual (AA-5075A-TC).

4-20

Table 4-2

DCTll-E'VI Directi•cs

Directive Form

Operation

\SCI! /string/

Generates a block of data containing the ASCIJ equivalent of the character string
(enclosed in delimiting characters). one character per byte. The delimiting characters i.:an
be slashes or any other visible character. The ASCII code for each character is ~tared in
successive bytes of me1nory starting at the location indicated by the current address
pointer. The address pointer is advanced by the length (in characters) of the enclosed
string.

BLKB expr

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in bytes is determined by the specified
expression. The current address pointer is advanced by the value of the expression.

BLKW expr

Reserves a block of storage spa(.:e whose length in words is determined by the specified
expression. The current address pointer is advanced by two ti1nes the value of the
expression.

BYTE exprl, expr2, • · •

Generates successive bytes of data: each byte contains the value of the corresponding
specified expression. The lower eight bits of each expression are stored in successive bytes
of n1emory, starting at the location indicated by the current address pointer. The address
pointer is advanced by the number of expressions given. The last expression must not be
followed by a comma.
Ensures that the current address pointer contains an even address by adding l if it is odd.

•ORD exprl. cxpr2, · ·

Generates successive words of data; each word contains the value of the corresponding
specified expression. The value of each expression ls stored in successive words of memory
starting at the location indicated by the current address pointer. The addre::.s pointer is
advanced by two times the number of expressions given. The last expre:'>sion 1nust not be
followed by a co1nma.

MISCELLANEOUS CONSOLE FUNCTIONS
Tbc OCT! 1-EM has a HELP facility which displays all the commands available to you. To invoke this

4.16

b.ility, type in HELP.

l ou can display the current operating modes of the DCT I I-EM by typing in the SHOWMO command.
Tohen you first power up, typing in the SHOWMO command displays the default operating modes:
PASS2

NOHOST

INSTRU

SYMBOL

VTOFF

Tbc operating modes that can be displayed are: PASSI, PASS2, HOST, NOHOST, INSTRU, WORD,
8'TE, SYMBOL, ABSOLU, VTON, and VTOFF. See the command summary in Paragraph 4.18 for
"'1cf descriptions of these modes. The command summary also contains references to paragraphs that
aplain the modes in detail.

The OCT! I-EM has a REPEAT function which allows you to repeatedly input a line of commands or
..iructions. The form of this command is:
REPEAT expression, input line

4-21

where the input line is executed the number of times specified by the value of the expression. One
application of the REPEAT command is to fill memory. For example, the REPEAT 1000,NOP command will fill IOOO (octal) locations with NOP instructions. The REPEAT command also lets you single
step without having to press the RETURN key repeatedly (see Paragraph 4.14.2). The REPEAT 7, STEP
command, for example, single steps through your program seven times.

Repeat Command - Example
A third application of the REPEAT command is to move blocks of memory. You must specify the
beginning and ending addresses of the range to be moved (the source range) and the beginning address of
the destination range. The general format for a command sequence which moves a block of memory is:
TEM> .=destination
TEM> REPEAT <end-start>/2+1,[.+start-destination]
where start and end are the beginning and ending addresses (respectively) of the source range, and
destination is the beginning address of the destination range. Both ranges must begin at even addresses,
and only words of memory can be transferred.
For example, if you want to move the contents of locations IOOO through JOJO to 2030 through 2040, type
in the following.
TEM> .=2030
TEM> REPEAT <lOl0-1000>/2+1,[.+1000-2030]

4.17 LOADING THE DCTll-EM FROM A HOST COMPUTER
This paragraph describes how to load information (usually a program) from a host computer into your
DCTl I-EM. Two broad areas are covered. First, you are familiarized with the console monitor commands
that initiate and control the host loading process. Second, you are shown how to prepare a DCTl 1-EM
loadable program on your host.
4.17.t Configuring the DCrll-EM for Host Loading
Since host loading is accomplished through the use of console monitor commands, you must have your
DCTl 1-EM connected to a console terminal.
Your host computer must have a serial communication line capable of sending data to the DCTI I-EM in
ASCII text format. Connect the serial line from the host to the DCTJ 1-EM auxiliary serial port connector
(J3) as shown in Figure 4-2.
STANDARD 25-PIN CONNECTOR AND CABLE

HOST COMPUTER

CONSOLE TERMINAL

ITTTTTl ~ 00000
ITIIID DODOO

VT100

DODOO
DODOO

DCT11-EM
""" 10254

Figure 4-2

Connecting a Host Co1nputer to the DCTI l-EM

4-22

No other wiring or jumpering is required. Set the baud rate of your console terminal equal to the baud rate
of your host line. Use the OCT! I-EM keypad to set the same baud rate for the console serial port by
activating function 3 as described in Paragraph 3.12.4. Also make sure you are set up to transmit and
receive characters in the following format: asynchronous, ASCII, 8 bits (eighth bit is always space), no
parity, one stop bit.
You need not set the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port. When you communicate with a host, the
DCTI I-EM automatically sets the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port equal to the baud rate of the
console serial port.
Activate function 2 as described m Paragraph 3.12.3 to start the console monitor. When the console
displays a prompt, type in:
TEM> HOST
The HOST command places you in HOST mode and is a prerequisite for performing any operation with a
host computer.
HOST mode only allows you to receive messages from the host. If you want to communicate directly with
the host, use the TALK command in addition to HOST. If you want to load information from the host, use
the LOAD command in addition to HOST. The TALK and LOAD commands are explained in
Paragraphs 4.17 .3 and 4.17.4.
The NOHOST command cancels HOST mode.
4.17.2 The HOST Command
Typing in the HOST command has two effects:

1.
2.

It defines the auxiliary serial port as a host communication line.
It creates an input buffer to hold information received from the host.

A HOST> prompt precedes any messages you receive from your host while in HOST mode.
Host Mode - Example
You are in HOST mode and you receive a message from the host before you finish typing an input line. If
you simply continue typing the line, the console monitor restores the interrupted line and appends your
new material to it. Messages from the host are ignored as console input.
Comments
TEM> HOST
TEM> MOY RO,R 1
TEM> MOY R
HOST>
This is a message from the host ...
TEM> MOY RO,R2
TEM>

:You were typing MOY RO.Rl

;You type O,R2 and the previous line is restored.

4.17.3 The TALK Command
Typing in the TALK command allows you to communicate directly with the host just as if the DCTl 1EVI were not there. ll has the same effect as connecting the serial line from the host directly to your
.:onsolc terminal.

4-23

Typically, you might use the TALK mode to prepare a DCT I I-EM loadable file with your host's editing
facilities (sec Paragraph 4.17.5).
The user LED is illuminated in TALK mode.
There are two ways to cancel TALK mode. One way is to press the BREAK key on the console. The
DCT I I-EM responds:
CONSOLE BREAK
TEM>
and you not only cancel TALK mode but HOST mode as well. The other way is to type in CTRL/A. The
DCT I I -EM responds:
E (EXIT), R (RESU'v!E), B (SE"JD BREAK)," A (SEND "A)?
If you type in the letter E, TALK mode is canceled but HOST mode is not.
Note that typing in CTRL/ A ("A) in TALK mode gives you three other options. You can send a break or
CTRL/ A character to the host by typing in B or CTRL/ A, respectively. Typing in an R or any characters
other than E, B, or CTRL/ A, causes TALK mode to be resumed.

4.17.4 The LOAD Command
Use the LOAD command only after you have prepared a DCTI I-EM loadable program on your host as
explained in Paragraph 4.17 .5.
Typing in the LOAD command allows you to communicate directly with the host just as the TALK
command does. In LOAD mode, however, the DCTl 1-EM constantly monitors the characters received
from the host and begins loading if it sees the .ST ART directive.
To initiate host loading while in LOAD mode, therefore, simply enter a command (which depends on the
particular host you are using) that types out your program on the console terminal. For example, if you
were using a VAX/VMS host, you would use TYPE PROG.TXT to type out the file PROG.TXT on your
terminal. Since your DCTl 1-EM loadable program always has the .START directive as its first line,
typing the program causes the DCTl 1-EM to start loading.

NOTE
During the loading process, the DCT 11-EM accepts
input from both serial ports simultaneously. As a
rule, do not press keys on the console terminal during loading since this interferes with your host's
input. The only exception to this rule is the use of
the CTRL/O command (see below).
Once loading begins, it continues until the .END directive is received or until an error in the incoming
program is detected. In both cases, when loading stops, you are returned to HOST mode. If loading stops
as a result of an error in your program, the portion of the program that follows the error will be displayed
on your console terminal as a "message" from the host.
If loading is terminated by an error in your program, you can suppress further display of the program by
typing in the CTRL/O command. CTRL/O causes the OCT! I-EM to ignore messages from the host until
you press the RETURN key. If you want to terminate output from the host, enter CTRL/O followed by
the TALK command followed by the appropriate interrupt control sequence your host recognizes (such as
CTRL/Y or CTRL/C).

4-24

Note that the user LED is illuminated in LOAD mode. Also note that pressing BREAK or typing in
CTRL/ A has the same effect in LOAD mode as in TALK mode.

4.17.5 Preparing DCTll-EM Loadable Programs on a Host
In general, you will find it convenient to use your host's editing facilities to create programs. This is
particularly true if the programs are long or require extensive alteration. Jn order to prepare a program the
OCT! I-EM will accept, keep the following in mind.
Make sure the .START directive precedes your program. The DCTI I-EM will not be able to load your
program unless it first sees the .START directive.
Next, realize that when your program is loaded into the DCTI I-EM, the DCTI I-EM will behave as if
each line of your program were being entered by you directly from the console terminal. This means that
the rules and conventions of console monitor input apply also to each line of the program you create on
your host. The one exception is that the null line command (i.e., pressing RETURN to examine successive
memory locations) is disabled during host loading.
If your program contains undefined symbols or expressions (for example, a "forward reference"), prepare
your program as two identical segments. Precede the first segment with the PASSI command and the
second segment with the PASS2 command. The idea behind the PASSI and PASS2 commands is as
follows.
Normally, the DCTI I-EM does not allow you to input undefined symbols. This mode of operation is
called the PASS2 mode (PASS2 is one of the power-up default modes of the DCTI I-EM). The use of
undefined symbols in your programs, however, is commonly desirable. for example, consider the following
program segment.
CMP #177700,Rl
BNE .+14
INC R2
CMP R2,#200
BL0.+4
CLR R2
MOY R2,R3
In this example, you are branching to a defined location (i.e., the location that contains the MOY R2,R3
instruction), but are doing so in a cumbersome way. You need to perform a calculation for each branching
instruction. An easier way to write this program segment would be:
CMP # 177700,R I
BNE THERE
INC R2
CMP R2,#200
BLO THERE
CLR R2
THERE: MOY R2,R3
But if the OCT! I-EM is in a mode in which it rejects undefined symbols, an error results when you try to
input BNE THERE.
The DCTI I-EM solves this problem by having a mode of operation in which undefined symbols are
tolerated called the PASS I mode.

4-25

In the PASSI mode, the DCTI I-EM substitutes the value zero for each undefined symbol encountered in
expressions except when the undefined symbol is the operand of a branch instruction. In that case, the
value of the current address pointer is substituted for the value of the branch operand. If an undefined
symbol is later defined through the use of an equal sign(=) or colon(:), the symbol is entered into the
symbol table with its proper value.

NOTE
Undefined expressions involving the address pointer
are never tolerated, not even in PASSI. For example
if A, B, and C are undefined, the following are
unacceptable:
.=A
.BLKB B
.BLKW C

Make sure the .END directive terminates your program.
A DCTII-EM Loadable Program - Example 1
Use your host's editing facilities to create the summation program presented in Paragraph 3.8. Comments
from the original program are shown in lowercase, and comments added for the benefit of the example are
shown in uppercase.

.START
'= 2000
CLR Rl
CMP RO,RI
BLE 2034
CLR @#2044
MOY R0,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD R0,@#2044
BYS 2036
CMP RO,RI
BGT 2016
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @#2044
HALT
.END

;THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
;ENTER THE PROGRAM STARTING AT LOCATION 2000.
;Set RI = 0.
;RO contains n.
;Illegal input (n <
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n = n-1
;Add next value (n-1) to 2044.
;Overflow?
;No.
;Continue operation if n > 0.
;Operation complete if n = 0.
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
;Illegal input or overflow occurred.
;STOP HOST LOADING .

4-26

A DCTll-EM Loadable Program - Example 2
In this example, the summation program above is changed slightly such that forward references to the
symbols ILLIN and OVFLO are made. Since these symbols are undefined when first referenced, you must
create the program in two segments to make it acceptable to the DCTJ I-EM .

.START
CLEAR
PASSI
' = 2000

BEGIN:

LOOP:

ILLIN:
OVFLO:

CLR RI
CMP RO,RI
BLE ILLIN
CLR @#2044
MOY R0,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD R0,@#2044
BYS OVFLO
CMP RO,RI
BGT LOOP
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @#2044
HALT

PASS2

'= 2000

BEGIN:

LOOP:

ILLIN:
OVFLO:
.END

CLR RI
CMP RO,RI
BLE ILLIN
CLR @#2044
MOY R0,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD R0,@;#2044
BYS OVFLO
CMP RO,RI
BGT LOOP
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @;#2044
HALT

;THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
;DELETE ALL PREVIOUSLY DEFINED
;SYMBOLS.
;PERFORM FIRST PASS INPUT OF PROGRAM.
;ALLOW UNDEFINED SYMBOLS AND SET
;THEIR VALUES TO ZERO.
;INPUT THE PROGRAM STARTING AT
;LOCATION 2000.
;Set RI = 0.
;RO contains n.
;Illegal input (n < O)?
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n = n-1

;Add next value (n-1) to 2044.
;Overflow?
;No.
;Continue operation if n > 0.
;Operation complete if n = 0.
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
;Illegal input or overflow occurred.
;PERFORM SECOND PASS ENTRY OF
;PROGRAM.
;SYMBOLS ARE NO LONGER UNDEFINED AND
;ARE ASSIGNED CORRECT VALUES.
;UNRESOLVED ADDRESSES ARE RESOLVED.
;INPUT THE PROGRAM AGAIN STARTING AT
;LOCATION 2000.
;Set RI = 0.
;RO contains n.
;Illegal input (n < O)?
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n = n-1

4-27

4.17.6

An Illustration of the Host Loading Process

This paragraph steps you through a session with the DCTl I-EM during which you load the summation
program you created on your host (see example I, Paragraph 4. I 7.5).
Assuming you are in NOHOST mode, the first step is to get into LOAD mode by typing in:
TEM> HOST LOAD
Press RETURN until your host responds with its usual prompting character(s).
Then direct your host to type or otherwise display on the console terminal the program you wish to load.
This command might be in the form:
TYPE SUMM
where TYPE is the the command your host recognizes to display the program and SUMM is the name you
gave the program. When the host starts typing the program, the following appears on your console
terminal. (This program does not contain any undefined symbols and requires only one pass.)
.START
TFM>
:THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
TEM> Cl.EAR
:DELETE ALL PREYIOUSL Y DEFINED
TF\1>
:SYMBOLS.
TEM>. = 2000
:ENTER THE PROGRAM STARTING AT
TE\1>
:LOCATION 2000.
TF\1>CLRR1
:Set RI = 0.
TE\1> CMP RO.RI
:RO contains n.
TE'vf> Bl.E 2034
:Illegal input (n < 0)''
TE\1> CLR 0#2044
:No, start operation by clearing 2044.
TEM> MOY R0.~,#2044
:Place first value of n in 2044.
TEM> DEC RO
:n = n-1
:Add next value (n-1) to 2044.
TEM> ADD R0.~,#2044
TEM> BYS 2036
:Overnow''
TEM> CMP RO.RI
:No.
TEM> BGT 2016
:Continue operation if n > 0.
TFM> !!ALT
:Operation complete if n = 0.
TEM> CLR RO
:Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
TEM> CLR 0 #2044
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
TEM> HALT
:Illegal input or overflow occurred.
TEM> .E'\D
:STOP HOST LOADING.
HOST>
<your host's prompt appears on the last line>
The DCT I I-EM successfully loaded your program and you are now back in HOST mode. The console
monitor can now respond to your input. If you type in 2000, you can examine the program you just loaded
by pressing RETURN repeatedly.

4-28

If your program is successfully being loaded into the OCT! I-EM, each line is preceded by the TEM>
prompt. If a program line causes a console error message, loading stops but typing continues (without the
TEM> prompt).

4.18

CONSOLE COMMAND SUMMARY

General Form

Operation

ex pr

Deposit the expression in RAM unless the expression is part of another
command. Advance the address pointer accordingly.

instr

Assemble and deposit the instruction at the location indicated by the
address pointer. Advance the address pointer accordingly.

exprl_expr2

Display the contents of the locations from ex pr l through expr2. If ex pr 1 is
greater than expr2, only exprl contents displayed.

ex pr?

Display numerically the value of the expression.

ex pr\

Set the address pointer to the value of the expression. Display the contents
of the location specified by the expression.

null line

Display, relative to the address pointer, the next eight instructions if in
INSTRU mode, the next eight words if in WORD mode, or the next eight
bytes if in BYTE mode. If single stepping, single step again.

sym bol~expr

Define the symbol to be equal to the expression.

symbol:

Define the symbol to be equal to the current value of the address pointer.
Decrement the address pointer by one byte if you are in BYTE mode or
by one word if you arc in WORD or INSTRU mode.

Form

Paragraph
Reference

ABSOLU

4.8.2

Sets the ABSOLU mode. Causes user-defined
symbols in programs to be displayed as numeric
values.

.ASCII /string/

4.15

Generates a block of data containing the ASCII
equivalent of the character string (enclosed in
delimiting characters), one character per byte.

.BLKB expr

4.15

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in
bytes is determined by the specified expression.

.BLKW expr

4.15

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in
words is determined by the specified expression.

Operation

4-29

.BYTE expr I, expr2, ...

4.15

Generates successive bytes of data; each byte contains the value of the corresponding specified
expression.

BYTE

4.8.2

Sets the BYTE mode for memory examination
and alteration operations. Causes memory to be
displayed as three digit bytes.

CANCEL

4.14.1
4.14.3

Clears all four breakpoints and the watchpoint.

CLEAR

4.13.2

Clears the user symbol table.

DELETE symbol

4.13.2

Deletes user-defined symbol from the user symbol
table.

.END

4.17.4

Used at the end of programs that are to be loaded
into the DCTI 1-EM from a host. Causes the
DCT! I-EM to terminate host loading if in LOAD
mode .

.EVEN

4.15

Ensures that the current address pointer contains
an even address by adding I if it is odd.

EXIT

4.2

Transfers console control to the keypad.

4.14

Executes the user program at the current PC
value.

HELP

4.16

Displays a table of commands.

HOST

4.17. l

Sets the HOST mode. Allows the DCTI I-EM to
receive messages from a host.

INSTRU

4.8.2

Sets the JNSTRU mode. Data is displayed as
DCTI I-AA assembly language instructions. Is set
by default when the DCT 11-EM is powered up.

LOAD

4.17 .!

Sets the LOAD mode. Establishes host communication. Allows the DCTl I-EM to begin loading if
it encounters the .START command.

NO HOST

4.17. l

Clears the HOST mode. Is set by default when
the DCTI I-EM is powered up.

PASSI

4.17.5

Sets the PASS I mode. Allows the use of undefined symbols.

PASS2

4.17.5

Sets the PASS2 mode. Requires all symbols to be
defined. ls set by default when the DCTI I-EM is
powered up.

4-30

REPEAT expr,cmd

4.16

Repeatedly performs the specified command(s)
by the number of times specified by the
expression.

SHOW MO

4.16

Displays the current operating modes of the
DCTJ 1-EM.

SHOW RE

4.6

Displays the contents of user registers and the
watchpoint if the watchpoint is set.

SHOWSY

4.13.2

Displays the contents of the user symbol table.

START

4.17.5

Used at the beginning of programs that are to be
loaded into the DCTl I-EM from a host. Causes
the DCTI 1-EM to start host loading if in LOAD
mode.

STEP

4.14.2

Executes one instruction of a user program at the
current value of the PC. Displays the contents of
user registers and the watchpoint if the
watchpoint is set. Displays the next instruction to
be executed.

SYMBOL

4.8.2

Sets the SYMBOL mode. Causes user-defined
symbols in programs to be displayed as symbols
rather than as numeric values. ls set by default
when the DCTI I-EM is powered up.

TALK

4.17.1

Sets the TALK mode. Establishes host communication. Allows you to communicate directly with
a host as if the DCT I I-EM were not there. Typically used for program development on a host.

\TOFF

4.3

Sets the VTOFF mode. Causes deleted characters
to be echoed (preceded by a slash) on the console
terminal when you press the DELETE key. ls set
by default when the DCT 1I -EM is powered up.

\TON

4.3

Sets the VTON mode. Characters you delete by
pressing the DELETE key are not echoed in this
mode. Typically used if you have a video terminal
for a console .

.WORD exprl, expr2, ...

4.15

Generates successive words of data; each word
contains the value of the corresponding specified
expression.

4-31

4.19

CONTROL COMMAND SUMMARY

Command

Meaning

Typical Use

CTRL/U
CTRL/X

Delete line.

You made several typing errors in your input line.
You want to cancel the line and try again.

CTRL/R

Display line.

You used the DELETE key several times while
typing your input line. You want to see a clean
version of the line you are editing.

CTRL/S

Suspend execution.

You want to suspend the operation of the console
monitor or the execution of a currently running
program.

CTRL/Q

Resume execution.

You have previously used the CTRL/S command
and want to resume operation.

CTRL/C

Abort operation.

You want to abort the current CTRL/Y operation of the DCT 11-EM and input a new line.

CTRL/O

Ignore host message.

You are in HOST mode (sec Paragraph 4.17.1)
and want to ignore information currently being
sent by your host computer.

CTRL/A

Select option.

You are in TALK or LOAD modes (see
Paragraphs 4.1 7 .3 and 4.17.4) and want to select
one of these four options: exit, resume, send
break, send CTRL/ A.

4-32

CHAPTERS
SOFTWARE

S.l INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides some information about the DCTI I-EM monitor and introduces you to monitor
subroutines you can use in your programs. The chapter also describes how address space is allocated in the
DCTI I-EM and shows you which areas are available and unavailable for use.
This material is summary in nature. More detailed information can be found in the OCT 11-EM monitor
listing (see Appendix A) and in the DCTI I-EM schematics (see Appendix 8).

5.2 THE MONITOR
The monitor is a PROM resident program that controls the operation of the DCTI I-EM. Its main purpose
is to provide an environment in which you can develop and run programs. The portion of the monitor that
allows you to operate the DCTl 1-EM with the keypad is called the keypad monitor and the portion that
lets you use a console terminal is called the console monitor. When you learned how to operate the
DCTI I-EM with the keypad and console in Chapters 3 and 4, you were really learning how to get the
monitor to do things for you.
When you execute a program, the monitor relinquishes control of the DCTI I-EM to your program.
Control is returned to the monitor (i.e., the monitor is restarted) by any of the following ways:
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Pressing the HALT switch
Executing a HALT instruction
Encountering a breakpoint or executing a BPT instruction
Attempting to execute an illegal instruction
Performing a single step
Sending a BREAK from a console terminal
Executing a JMP @# 1400 I 0 instruction
Sending a CTRL/C or CTRL/Y command from a console terminal

The first two ways (I and 2) always return control to the keypad monitor. The remaining ways (3 through
8) return control to the keypad monitor if you are using the keypad or the console monitor if you are using
a console terminal. When control is returned to the keypad monitor, the PC is displayed on the LEDs and
you are in register mode. (If a flashing error message appears on the LEDs, press the HALT switch or any
key to display the PC.) When control is returned to the console monitor, a TEM> prompt is displayed on
your console terminal. Refer to Appendix A for details about how the HALT and BPT instructions
interact with the monitor. Also refer to Appendix A for information on the effects of setting the T-bit.

5-1

When you return control to the monitor, the DCTJ 1-EM registers contain the values they had at the time
your program slopped with the following exceptions.
I.

If you execute a JMP @#140010 instruction, the PC is restored to the value it had when your
program started. This allows easy restarting of the program.

If you type CTRL/C or CTRL/Y from a console terminal, all the DCTI 1-EM registers are
restored to the values they had when your program started.

If you encounter a breakpoint, the stack pointer is set to the value it had just before the
break point occurred.

5.2.1

The Stack Pointer

The monitor initializes your stack pointer to 7400 when you power up. The monitor also checks to make
sure your stack pointer is in the range 4 through 7400, inclusive (for the keypad monitor), or 4 through
6500, inclusive (for the console monitor), before it allows your program to execute. It is up to you,
however, to make sure the stack pointer has a reasonable value before you attempt to run a program.
For example, it is a good idea to make sure your stack pointer and the information you push onto the stack
do not overlap your program. To decrease the chance of this happening, set the stack pointer well above
the area in which your program resides.
5.3 MONITOR SUBROUTINES
Several portions of the DCTI I-EM monitor arc accessible to your programs as subroutines. If you want to
use one of these subroutines in your program, simply include a JSR instruction in the form:
JSR PC,@#subroutinc
where subroutine refers to the address of the desired subroutine.
Subroutine mnemonics arc defined within the monitor only, so make sure your program defines these
mnemonics before it uses them as symbols.
5.3. I

Key1>ad/LED Subroutines

Address

Mnemonic

Descri1>tion

140014

DGDISP

Display Hex Digit
Takes the value contained in the lower four bits of RO and
displays it as a hexadecimal number on the LED digit indexed
by RI. Values of RI correspond to LED digits as follows. Uses
RO and Rl .

5-2

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140020

UPDISP

Display Octal Number on Upper LEDs
Takes the value in R2 and displays it as a six-digit octal number
on the upper row of LEDs. Uses RO and RI.

140024

LODISP

Display Octal Number on Lower LEDs
Takes the value in R2 and displays it as a six-digit octal number
on the lower row of LEDs. Uses RO and RI.

140030

DECDSP

Display Decimal Number
Takes the value in R 1 and displays it as a five-digit decimal
number on the row of LEDs indexed by R2. R2 = 12 for the
lower row, R2 = 13 for the upper row. Uses RO, RI, R2, and
R3.

140034

UPBLNK

Clear Upper Row
Blanks out the upper row of LEDs. Uses RO and RI.

140040

LOBLNK

Clear Lower Row
Blanks out the lower row of LEDs. Uses RO and R 1.

140044

GETKEY

Get Key Number
Turns on LEDs and waits for a keypress. When a keypress
occurs, takes the number of the key and stores it in RI. Keys are
numbered as follows.

BGGDG
BGDGD
8GDGCJ

GBGDG
140050

BCDKEY

Convert Key Number to BCD
Takes the key number in RI and converts it to a BCD value for
the keys 0 through 9. Returns 12 for the CLR key and 13 for
the EXA key. Returns -I (i.e., 177777) for any other key.
Stores the result in RI.

5-3

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140054

GETNUM

Input Number From Keypad
Displays the value in R2 as a six-digit octal number on the lower
row of LEDs. Enables the user to modify the value of R2 using
keys 0 through 7 and CLR. Stores modified value in R2 when
the EXA key is pressed. Uses RO, RI, and R2.

5.3.1.l

Using the LEDs and Keypad - This paragraph contains some information you may find useful
when writing programs that use the LEDs and keypad. This is intended as introductory material only. For
further detail, refer to the monitor listing in Appendix A and the DCTI I-EM schematics in Appendix B.

You can create your own characters to display on the LED digits. First, form bytes that represent the
segment patterns of the characters you wish to display as shown in Figure 5-1.

·/

dp•

,I "I,

Mfl-10348

Figure 5-1

LED Segment Assignments

For example, 011 l 0 I 00 (or 164 octal) corresponds to the letter h and 0I001111 (or I I 7 octal) corresponds
to the numeral 3.
Then, move the bytes containing the segment patterns to locations 7712 through 7725. These locations
(collectively called SEGBUF) are used by the LED interrupt service routine in the monitor to display
segment patterns on the LEDs. Each location (byte) corresponds to an LED digit as shown in Figure 5-2.

UPPER ROW
OF

77'25 7723 7721 771 7 7715 7713

Ll:LJS

LOVVER ROW
OF
LEDS

Figure 5-2

7 724 7722 7!20 7716 7714 7717

SEGBUF Assignments

For example, if you moved 164 (octal) to location 7721, 117 (octal) to location 7717, and 0 to all the other
SEGBUF locations. you would display h3 centered in the upper row of LEDs.
Finally, turn on the LEDs by writing 000007 to port C of the 8255A parallel port chip (address 177444).
Make sure your program keeps the LEDs on long enough for you to see them. One way of leaving the
LEDs on is to incorporate one or more delay loops in your program of the form:
CLR RS
SOB RS,.

5-4

The LED interrupt (INTA) is disabled (i.e., the LEDS arc turned off) by writing 0000 I 0 to port C of the
8255A chip. This also disables the user LED.
To turn on the user LED (which, incidentally, also disables the LED digits), write 00001 l to port C of the
8255A chip.
Examples of displaying values on the LEDs are provided in Paragraph 5.3.1.2. You can also create your
own interrupt service routines to respond to keypresses. When a key is pressed, program control is
transfered to the routine pointed to by 7676. If 7676 is zero, keypresses are ignored. The number of the
key pressed is available to your routine through RI. See the description of the GETKEY subroutine in
Paragraph 5.3. l for key numbers.
In order for a keypress to be sensed, the LEDs must be enabled. This can be done by writing 000007 to
location 177 444 as explained above or by executing your program from the keypad with the "Go With
LEDs" special function (see Paragraph 3.12.2).
At the end of your keypress service routine, include the sequence:
MOY (SP)+,R2
MOY (SP)+,Rl
MOY (SP)+,RO
RTJ
to restore the state of your interrupted program. As an example, here is a program which loops on itself
and increments R3 each time a key is pressed. To check the operation of the program, start it at location
1000 and press keys. Press HALT and examine R3.

Address

Data

1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1500
1502
1504
1506
1510

012737
000007
177444
012737
001500
007676
000774
005203
012602
012601
012600
000002

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

MOY #7,@#177444

;enable keypad

MOY #1500,@#7676

;attach interrupt routine

BR 1006
INC R3
MOY (SP)+,R2
MOY (SP)+,R I
MOY (SP)+,RO
RT!

;loop infinitely
;interrupt service routine

5.3.1.2 Using Keypad/LED Subroutines - Example Programs - The following examples show you how
to use keypad/LED subroutines.
Example 1 - Countdown Program This program decrements a number at a rate inversely proportional to
the number's size. The program begins by displaying the word "EntEr" on the upper row of LEDs. You
enter a number (which is displayed on the lower row of LEDs) and press the EXA key. The number is
displayed as it is decremented. The program initializes itself at the end to allow you to enter another
number.
There are undefined symbols in this program, so if you enter the symbolic version via the console terminal,
make sure you incorporate the PASSI and PASS2 commands as described in Paragraph 4.17.5.

5-5

Address

Data

1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014

012701
007713
012700
000006
116021
001063
005201

1016

077004

1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032
1034
1036
1040
1042
1044
1046
1050

004737
140054
005702
001774
012701
000003
004767
000012
077103
005302
004737
140024
000765

TEST:

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

SEGBUF = 7712
LODISP = I 40024
GETNUM = 140054

;LED segment buffer
;octal number on lower LEDs
;input number from keypad

. = 1000

;position program at location
;1000

MOY #SEGBUF+l,Rl

;point to rightmost
;digit of upper row of LEDs
;set digit count = six digits

MOY #6,RO
TEST!:

MOYB ENTER-l(RO),(Rl)+

TEST4:

TST R2
BEQ TEST2
MOY #3,Rl

TEST3:

JSR PC,DELA Y

;transfer character to
;digit in upper row of LEDs
;advance pointer to next
;digit in upper row of LEDs
;loop to transfer all six
;characters
;input an octal number from
;the keypad
;reject zero as an input
;if zero, get a new number
;call delay routine three
;times
;wait a while

SOB Rl,TEST3
DEC R2
JSR PC,@#LODISP

;decrement entered number
;display new value

BR TEST4

;see if we have zero yet

INC Rl
SOB RO,TESTl
TEST2: JSR PC,@#GETNUM

;DELAY loops a number of times inversely proportional to the size
;of R2. Thus there is a smaller delay when R2 is large.
1052
1054
1056
1060

012700
177777
160200
103376

1062

000207

DELAY: MOY #-1,RO

;set dividend

DELAY I: SUB R2,RO
BCC DELAY!

;divide by successive
;subtraction; keep
;subtracting until
;underflow occurs

RTS PC

; ENTER is a list of bytes corresponding to the segment patterns
; .. EntEr".

1064
1066
1070

052171
074570
000120

ENTER: .BYTE 171,124,170,171,120,0

5-6

Example 2 - Clock Program
This program displays a minutes and seconds clock on the lower row of LEDs. The values for minutes and
seconds are obtained from a timer maintained by the monitor. You can use the INT switch to set minutes.
Note that the upper row of LEDs and the left-most digit of the lower row display the current contents of
the LED segment buffer for those digits.
All symbols referenced in this program are defined. The symbolic version of the program will run if
entered as follows. As an exercise, try to modify the program so that the upper row of LEDs and the leftmost digit of the lower row of LEDs arc blank when the program is running.
Address

Data

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

PFVEC
= 24
= 7730
TIME
SEGBUF = 7712
MI NUTS = 776
140030
DECDSP
P$PORC = l 77444
SETIME = 1200

;INT switch vector
;upper six bits count seconds
;LED segment buffer
;location to hold minutes count
;display decimal number
;LED/keypad 1/0 port on 8255A
;subroutine to set minutes

1000
1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1016
1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032
1034
1036
1040
1042
1044
1046
1050
1052
1054
1056
1060
1062
1064
1066
1070
1072
1074

012706
006500
106427
000000
012737
001200
000024
005037
007730
005067
l 77750
112737
000007
177444
032737
001000
007730
001774
032737
001000
007730
001374
013701
007730
000301
006201
006201
042701
177700
001010
005267

;position program at loc. I 000

MOV #6500,SP

;initialize stack pointer

MTPS #0

;sci low priority

MOV #SETIME,@#PFVEC

;connect minute set
;routine to INT switch

CLR @#TIME
CLR MINUTS

;clear seconds and second
;fractions
;clear minutes

MOVB #7,@#P$PORC

;turn on LEDS

LOOP:

BIT #I 000,@#T!ME

;wait for seconds to
;change

LOOP!:

BEQ LOOP
BIT #1000,@#TIME

CLOCK:

BNE LOOP!
SHOWIT: MOV @#TIME,R I
SWAB
ASR
ASR
BIC

RI
RI
RI
#177700,Rl

BNE
INC

.+22
Ml NUTS

5-7

;show time
;get seconds
;mask out fractions of
;seconds
;not a new minute (BN E CLK I)
;else count minutes

Address

Data

1076
1100
1102
1104
1106
1110
1112
1114
1116
1120
1122
1124
1126
1130
1132
1134
1136
1140
1142
1144
1146
1150
1152
1154
1156
1160

177676
026727
177672
000074
103402
005067
177662
016702
177656
012700
000003
006302
010246
006302
006302
062602
077006
060201
012702
000010
004767
136656
112737
000100
007716
000725

CLKI:

LOOP2:

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

CMP

;overflow?

MINUTS,#60.

BLO
.+6
CLR MINUTS

;no (BLO CLKI)

MOV MINUTS,R2

;get minutes

MOV #3,RO

;shift minutes over three
;digits
;multiply R2 by I 0 to shift
;one decimal digit to the left

ASL R2
MOV R2,-(SP)
ASL R2
ASL R2
ADD (SP)+,R2
SOB R0,LOOP2
ADD R2,Rl
MOV #IO.R2

;loop three times to make X 1000
;add minutes to seconds
;index lower display

JSR PC,@#DECDSP

;display time

MOVB #100,@#SEGBUF+4

;display dash between
;minutes and seconds

BR LOOP
= 1200

005037
007730
012706
006500
106427
000000
000717

1200
1202
1204
1206
1210
1212
1214

SETIME: CLR @#TIME

;reset seconds to increment
;minutes

MOV #6500,SP

;reinitialize stack

MTPS #0

;reinitialize priority

BR SHOWIT

;display new time

As an exercise, try to modify the program so that the upper row of LEDs and the left-most digit of the
lower row of LEDs are blank when the program is running.
5.3.2

Console Subroutines

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140060

GETLIN

Get Input Line
Types an angle bracket and space (> ) as prompting characters
and awaits input from the console terminal. Echoes characters
as they are typed in. Stores these characters (up to 96 per line) in
a character buffer. Uses RO, R3.

5-8

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140070

GETCH

Get Character
Retrieves the character indexed by R 3 from the character buffer. R3 must have a value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal).
Stores the character in the lower byte of RO and increments R3.
Lowercase characters are converted to uppercase. Sets the N
condition code bit if the character is a separator (space, tab,
feed). Sets the C condition code bit if the character has been
converted from lowercase to uppercase. Uses RO, R3.

140100

GETCHC

Get Character, Preserve Case

Retrieves a character with its case intact from the character
buffer. Uses R3 as an index to the character. R3 must have a
value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal). Stores the character in
the lower byte of RO and increments R3. Uses RO, R3.
140104

GETNXT

Get Character, Ignore Separators
Retrieves the next character in the character buffer which is not
a separator (space, tab, feed). Uses R3 as a starting point index.
R3 must have a value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal). Stores
the character in the lower byte of RO and increments R3 in
accordance with the number of separators encountered. Lowercase characters are converted to uppercase. Sets the C condition
code bit if a character has been converted from lowercase to
uppercase. Uses RO, R3.

140120

CRLF

Type Carriage Return, Line Feed
Types a carriage return and line feed on the console.

140124

CH ROUT

Type One or Two ASCII Characters
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and types it as an ASCII
character on the console. If the upper byte of RO has a nonzero
value, it is also typed as an ASCII character on the console. Uses
RO.

140134

CHR02

Send Byte to Auxiliary Port
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and sends it to the
auxiliary serial port. Uses RO.

140140

A SCOUT

Type One ASCII Character or String
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and types it on the
console either as an ASCII character or as an ASCII string of
characters. ASCII strings that can be typed include <ESC>,
<SP>, <DEL>, and /\A through/\_ where the caret denotes a
control character. Uses RO.

140144

PRINTA

Type ASCII String
Takes a string of bytes starting at the location pointed to by RI
and types them on the console as ASCII characters until until a
byte whose value is zero is is encountered. Uses RO, R 1.

5-9

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140160

TYPOCT

Type Octal Number
Types the value in RI on the console as a six-digit octal number
if in the INSTRU or WORD output formatting modes. Types
the lower byte of RI on the console as a three-digit octal number
if in BYTE mode. Uses RO, RI.

140164

TYPDEC

Type Decimal Number
Types the value in R l on the console as a signed five-digit
decimal number followed by a period. Uses RO, RI.

5.3.2.1 Console Character Manipulation - The console subroutines just described provide most of the
functions you will require to manipulate characters via the console. If you require other functions, refer to
the monitor listing in Appendix A.
Keep the following in mind when using the GETCH, GETCHC, and GETNXT subroutines.
When you use these subroutines, characters you input via the console terminal are stored in a 96-character
buffer maintained by the monitor called BUFFER. All three subroutines use R3 as a pointer to determine
which character within BUFFER is retrieved. Since BUFFER is 96 characters in length, R3 can have a
value from 0 through 137 (octal), inclusive. For your convenience, the subroutines automatically increment R3 to point to the next character to be retrieved.
5.3.2.2

Using Console Subroutines - Sample Program

,
; NIM for the TEM
,
; In this version of NIM, there are 21 sticks. The game requires 2
;players (the user and the TEM). The players take turns picking up
; 1, 2, or 3 sticks. The object of the game is to leave 1 stick for
;the other player to pick up in the last turn. The algorithm used
;by the TEM ensures that it will win if it goes second, or if it goes
;first and the other player leaves it an opportunity to win.

; Operation of the game is explained by prompts. All responses by the
;user must be terminated with a carriage return. However, several
;responses may be typed together on a line, separated by commas, and
;will be taken as needed by upcoming prompts for input.
; There are undefined symbols in this program, so if you enter the
;symbolic version via the console terminal, make sure you incorporate
;the PASSI and PASS2 commands as described in Paragraph 4.17.5.

5-10

;•••••••••• SYMBOL DEFINITIONS •••••••••••
CLEAR ;empty symbol table
MONITR = 140010 ;reentry point for monitor
GET LIN = 140060 ;get a line from the console
G ETNXT = 140104 ;get next significant character from BUFFER
CRLF
= !40120 ;send <CR>,<LF> to console
CHROUT = 140124 ;send a character to console
PRINT A = 140144 ;print an ASCII string
TYPDEC = 140164 ;type a decimal number on the console
CR
LF
SPACE
STICKS

= 15

12
= 40

= 21.

;<CR>
;<LF>
;space
;initial number of sticks

;•••••••••••• START OF PROGRAM ••••••••••••
'= 1000

NIM:

MOY #GREET,Rl
JSR PC,@#PRINT A

;print greeting message on console

NEWGAM:CLR RS
NEW!:

;show no sticks taken yet
;(number of sticks left = STICKS - R5)

CLR R3
MOY #MEORU,Rl
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JSR PC,@#GETLIN
JSR PC,@#GETNXT
CMPB RO,#'M
BEQTEMGO
CMPB RO,#'Y
BEQ USERGO
CMPB RO,#'Q
BNE NEW!
JMP @#MONITR

;ask who plays first
;wait for response from console
;get first meaningful character
;m(e) means TEM goes first
;y(ou) means user goes first
;q(uit) means return to monitor
;If user has not entered a valid response,
;prompt for response again.

5- l l

USER GO: MOY #LEFTl,Rl
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
MOY #STICKS,RI
SUB R5,Rl
MOY Rl,R2
JSR PC,@#TYPDEC
MOY #LEFT2,R l
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JSR PC,@#CRLF
USER!:
MOY #400*SPACE+'/,RO
JSR PC,@#CHROUT
SOB R2,USERI

USER2:
NEXT:

;print header for number of sticks left
;calculate number of sticks left
;save a copy of result
;type decimal value on the console
;finish message
;start a TIC\\' line
;put in RO the character pair "/"
;type a "stick" on the screen
;loop to type the appropriate number
;of sticks
;get next character
;is it a con1ma?
;yes, get next move from line.

JSR PC,@#GETNXT
CMPB RO,#',
BEQ NEXT
MOY #HOWMNY,R 1
JSR PC.@#PRINT A
JSR PC,@#GETLIN
JSR PC,@#GETNXT

;ask how many slicks the user wants
;get a line
;get first/next meaningful character
;on line

CMPB R0,#'1
BLO USER2

;illegal response, throw away line and
;try again

CMPB R0,#'3
BHJ USER2
SUB #'0,RO
ADD RO,R5
CMP R5,#STICKS-l
BLO TEMGO
BHIUSER4
MOY #ILOSE,R l
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JMP NEWGAM
USER4:

TEMGO:

;illegal response
;convert digit in RO into a number
;add to sticks already taken away
;is only l stick left?
;no, it's TEM's turn
;user took too many sticks
;announce the loss
;ask a bout another game

MOY #GOOFED,R l
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JMP NEWGAM

;tell the idiot that he goofed up
;and ask about another game

MOY #MYMOYE,R l
JSR PC,@#PRINTA

;type beginning of TEM's move on
;console
;get number of sticks taken so far
;implement algoritm to select move:
;if RS MOD 4 = 0, take 2 sticks
; RS MOD 4 = I, take 3 sticks
; RS MOD 4 = 2, take 2 sticks

MOY R5,Rl
NEG RI
BJC #177774,Rl
BNE TEMI
MOY #2,Rl

5-12

TEMl:

ADD RI,R5
JSR PC,@#TYPDEC
MOY #MYMOYl,RI
JSR PC,@#PRINT A
CMP R5,#STICKS-l
BLO USERGO
MOY #IWIN,Rl
JSR PC,@#PRINT A
JMP NEWGAM

; R5 MOD 4 = 3, take I stick
;show how many sticks TEM is taking
;finish message
;is there only 1 stick left?
;no. it's the user's turn

;announce the victory
;and ask about a new game

GREET:

.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /NIM for the TEM/
.BYTE CR,LF,O
MEORU: .BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /Who goes first' Mc (M) or you (Y)O (Q to quit)/
.BYTE 0
LEFT!:
.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /There are /
.BYTE 0
LEFT2:
.ASCII / sticks left./
.BYTE 0
HOWMNY:.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /How many sticks will you take? (1, 2, or 3)/
.BYTE 0
MYMOYE: .BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /I take /
.BYTE 0
MYMOYI: .ASCII/ stick(s)./
.BYTE 0
!LOSE:
.BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /You win!!! I demand a rematch!/
.BYTE 0
JWIN:
.BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /I winll! Want to try again?/
.BYTE 0
GOOFED: .BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /You goofed up' Can you get it right this time? I
.BYTE 0
5.4 DCTil-EM ADDRESS SPACE
DCTI I-EM address space is organized as shown in Figure 5-3. Functionally, the address space consists of:
standard RAM space, expansion RAM space, monitor space, l/O space, space available for external
hardware, and reserved space.

5-13

177777

AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

177600
177577

liO SPACE

177400
177377
AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

167600
167577
167400
167377

RESERVED
AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

160000
157777

MONITOR

120000
117777
RESERVED

100000
77777
AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

40000
37777
RESERVED

30000
27777
USER RAM (OPTIONAL!

20000
1 7777

10000 ~~~'.LLLCL.C~~'.LL'.LLLCL.C~~'.LL4
7777
7400
7377

KEYPAD MONITOR SCRATCHPAO
CONSOLE MONITOR SCRATCHPAD

7320 1---------------~
7317
SYMBOL TABLE

~~~~ 1---------------~
USER RAM

i!j 1---,-N-T_E_R_R_U_P_T_A_N_O_O_T_H_E_R_V_E_C_T_O_R_S_~
Figure 5-3

DCTI I-EM Memory Map

5-14

5.4.1

Standard RAM Space

Addresses 000000 through 007777 are allocated to the RAM that comes standard with the OCT! I -EM.
This RAM space is utilized as follows.
Addresses

Use

000000-000143

Interrupt and Other Vectors. Contains vectors that point to
service routines for various interrupt, trace, and trap conditions.
See Chapter 6 for specific vector addresses.

000144-006477

User RAM Space. Space available for user programs.

006500-007317

Symbol Table (Console Monitor Only). Can contain up to 66
user defined symbols.

007320-007377

Console Monitor Scratchpad. Area for use by the console
monitor.

007400-007777

Keypad Monitor Scratchpad. Arca for use by the keypad monitor and console monitor.

If you are using only the keypad, the symbol table and console monitor scratchpad areas arc available to
you as user RAM.
The monitor ordinarily protects certain areas of RAM from direct alteration. If you are using the keypad
only, the keypad monitor scratchpad is the only area of protected RAM. If you are using a console
terminal, however, the symbol table, console monitor scratchpad, and keypad monitor scratchpad are all
protected. You can remove protection by activating special function 4 from the keypad (see Paragraph
3. I 2.5).
'-;ote that "protection" refers only to protection from direct alteration, such as examining a location from
the keypad or console and then trying to change the location. An executing program can violate any RAM
location. To avoid unpredictable results, therefore, make certain your programs do not inadvertantly write
data into areas not available as user RAM.

5.4.2

Expansion RAM Space

If you insert two 2 K x 8 RAMs into the expansion sockets (sec Paragraph 5.3), another portion of user
RAM space at locations 020000 through 027777 becomes available to you.

5.4.3

Monitor Space
The monitor space is the space occupied by the keypad and console monitors which reside in two 8 K X 8
PROMs at locations I 20000 through 157777.

5.4.4 1/0 Space
Locations 177400 through 177577 are designated as space for the DCTl 1-EM's 1/0 chips. The 8255A
parallel port, the 8251 A auxiliary serial line, and the DC3 J 9 DLA RT console serial line all use this space.
The 1/0 space consists of locations that can be written only and locations that can be written or read.
Figure 5-4 provides a detailed breakdown of how the 1/0 space is used.

5-15

177577
177566
1 77564
177562
177560

DLART TRANSMITTER DATA BUFFER
DLA RT TRANSMITTER COMMAND/STATUS REG
DLART RECEIVER DATA BUFFER

177552
177550

8251 STATUS REGISTER
8251 RECEIVER DATA BUFFER

177544
177542

8255 PORT C llNPUT FROM UPPER 4 BITS)
8255 PORT B 18-BIT INPUT]

DLART RECEIVER COMMAND/STATUS REG

READ/WRITE
1/0 SPACE

177500
177477

177452
177450
177446
177444
177442
177440

8251 CONTROL REGISTER
8251 TRANSMIT DATA BUFFER
8255 COMMAND REGISTER
8255 PORT C !OUTPUT TO LOWER 4 BITS)
8255 PORT B (8·BIT OUTPUT]
8255 PORT A (8·BIT OUTPUT]

WRITE ONLY
1/0 SPACE

177400
MA 103~1

Figure 5-4

Map of 1/0 Space

5.4.5 Space Available For External Hardware
The foJlowing space is available to you for any expansion hardware you may wish to design:
040000-077777
160000-167377

167600-177377
177600-177777

An example of a piece of external hardware that could use this space is a RAM board which responds to
addresses 040000 through 057777. Further information on hardware expansion is provided in Chapter 6.

5.4.6 Reserved Space
The shaded space in Figure 5-3 is reserved and unavailable for use. The addresses affected are:
010000-017777
030000-037777

100000-117777
167400-167577

5-16

CHAPTER6
HARDWARE

6.1 INTRODUCTION
The DCTI I-EM hardware is organized as shown in Figure 6-1. In general, the hardware consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The DCT I I -AA microprocessor
RAM
Monitor EPROM
Peripheral chips and drivers
An internal data bus buffer
User buffers
Microprocessor control signal decoding logic
Address latching and range decoding logic
Peripheral chip address decoding logic
Interrupt logic
Timing logic
Miscellaneous control logic
Keypad/LEDs and supporting logic
The HALT and INT push-button switches
Connectors

The paragraphs that follow provide information on each of these. Refer to the DCT 11-EM schematics in
Appendix B for further details.
Paragraph 6.1 7 contains a design for an expansion memory board you can build.

6-1

INT2
1NT3
INTF

ECAS2
CONTROL
MICROPROCESSOR

PROCESSOR
CYCLE
DECODE

T-11
MICROPROCESSOR

EDMG

TRISTATE
DRIVER

ADDRESS
RANGE
DECODING
LOGIC

TRISTATE
DRIVER
(USER
BUFFER)

BUFFER
ARD<03 00>

~---~ARD1X

.-------, ARD17

60-PIN
USER
CONNECTOR

8K X 8
PROM
(UPPER BYTE)

{Jl)

USER
DATA BUS
BUFFER

8K X 8
PROM
(LOWER BYTE!
EVALUATOR
DATA BUS
BUFFER

6116P·2
2K X 8

O'I
I
N

EWRH

RAM
(UPPER BYTE!
DB<l 5:00>
6116P-2
2K X 8

RAM
EWRL

I LOWER BYTE)

DLA RT
LCLK
EDBIN
EWLB

51
SOCKET
OPTIONAL
2K X 8

BCLR

KEYPAD

DC319
DLA RT
CONSOLE
SERIAL
LINE

RAM
I UPPER BYTE)

52
ECAS 2

SOCKET
OPTIONAL
2K X 8

8251A
AUXILIARY
SERIAL

RAM
I LOWER BYTE)

LINE

PERIPHERAL
CHIP
DECODER
LOGIC

BRCLK

CONTROL
SIGNALS

INT6
\NT7
PDSA
PCTS
PCSI
PTDR
PTRS
PCSO

AUXILARY
CONNECTOR

IJ3J

ARDOO
ARD01
ARDlX

ESEL
MISCELLANEOUS

ROY

CONTROL
LOGIC

INTA

ERO
LBDIR

SAL 15

EIA
DRIVERS
CONSOLE
CONNECTOR
(J4)

DLSO. DLSI

TCLK
TIMING
LOGIC

TCLK2H
DCLK

Figure 6-1

DCTI I-EM System Block Diagram

6.2 DCTI I-AA MICROPROCESSOR
The DCTI I-AA microprocessor is the heart of the system. A detailed discussion of the operation and
architecture of the OCT! I-AA is beyond the scope of this book. Refer to the DCTI I-AA User's Guide
(EK-DCTl 1-UG) for this information.
At power-up or when a RESET instruction is executed, the OCT! I-AA mode register bits arc set to the
following states and cannot be changed.
Mode
Register Bits

State

Mode

<15:13>

000

Start address = l 40000
Restart address = l 40004

12
Il

User
0

l 6-bit bus
4 K/16 K memory

Dynamic memory

Normal read/write
Standard microcycle

COUT = processor clock

This mode configuration has the following implications:
•

Bit <I l > = I - This allows you to use either 8-bit or l 6-bit data paths in your expansion
circuitry designs. If 8 bits, simply use the lower 8 bits of the l 6-bit bus.

•

Bits < l 0:09> = I 0 - This allows you to use inexpensive I 6 K dynamic RAMs for off-board
memory expansion (see Paragraph 6.17).

•

Bit <8> = 0 - This allows you to design expansion hardware with devices that respond to either
normal or delayed read/write controls. If you use devices that respond to delayed read/write
controls, include delay circuitry in your design.
NOTE
Do not use a RESET instruction in your program
unless your program reconfigures (i.e., reinitializes)
your peripheral chips. RESET causes the DCTllAA to assert -BCLR which resets the peripheral
chips.

6.3

RAM
There are two 2 K X 8 CMOS static RAM chips in the basic DCTI I-EM which provide 4 K bytes of
memory space. These RAMs respond to addresses 000000 through 007777. Even numbered or low bytes
reside in one RAM, and odd numbered or high bytes reside in the other.

There are two expansion sockets on the board which can accommodate two additional 2 K x 8 static
RAMs. The RAMs in these sockets respond to addresses 020000 through 027777. One RAM stores low
bytes and the other stores high bytes.
6-3

Although the DCT I I -AA generates refresh cycles as a result of being set to dynamic memory mode, this
is for the benefit of off-board expansion with dynamic RAMs. The on-board static RAMs ignore the
refresh cycles.

6.4 MONITOR EPROM
The OCT I I -EM monitor is contained in two 8 K X 8 EPROM chips. The EPROMs respond to addresses
120000 through 157777.
Note that accesses to memory locations above !00000 cause a single cycle slip. This is not only for the
benefit of the monitor EPROMs, but also for the peripheral chips and any slow expansion hardware which
may be attached. Cycle slips are disabled if the jumper is installed (see Paragraph 2.5). If you install the
jumper, make sure you also decrease the microprocessor's 7.5 MHz clock frequency to a value between 3
MHz and 6 MHz by changing the crystal.

6.5 PERIPHERAL CHIPS AND DRIVERS
The peripheral chips are the 8255A parallel port, the DC319-AA DLART console serial line, and the
8251 A auxiliary serial line. The DLART and the 825 IA have EIA drivers associated with them so that
they can communicate with RS232-C devices. The locations reserved for use by the peripheral chips are
listed in Table 6-1.
Table 6-1

ReserYed 1/0 Locations for Peripheral Chips

Location
Number

Location
Type

177566
177564
177562
177560
177552
177550
177544
177542
177452
177450
177446
177444
177442
177440

Read/write
Read/write

Read/write
Read/write
Read/write

Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
Write only

Write only
Write only
Write only
Write only
Write only

Use
OLAR T transmitter data buffer
DLART transmitter command/status register
DLART receiver data buffer

DLART receiver command/status register
825 IA status register
8251 A receiver data buffer
8255A port C (input from upper 4 bits)
8255A port B (8-bit input)
8251 A control register
8251 A transmit data buffer
8255A command register
8255A port C (output to lower 4 bits)
8255A port B (8-bit output)
8255A port A (8-bit output)

6.5.1 Parallel Port (8255A)
The 8255A parallel port chip has two 8-bit ports and two 4-bit ports, all independently controllable. Port A
(8 bits) is dedicated to supplying LED segment data to the LED segment drivers. Port A is configured as
output only. Port B (8 bits) is initially configured as an input port and is available to your expansion
hardware via the 60-pin connector. You can configure port B as either an input port or an output port. Port
C is really two independent 4-bit ports. The upper four bits of port C are dedicated to sensing keypresses
and are configured as input only. The lower four bits of port C are dedicated to turning on the LEDs and
enabling the keypad. These lower four bits are configured as output only.
For detailed information on programming the 8255A, refer to the Intel Component Data Catalog (available from Intel Corp., 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051). The order number is 210298-001.

6-4

6.5.2 DLART Console Serial Line
The DLART (DC3 I 9-AA) is an asynchronous receiver/transmitter which the DCTI 1-EM uses to communicate with a console terminal.
The DLART can generate receiver, transmitter, and break detection interrupt requests. See Paragraph
6.11 for more information on interrupts.
The 800 Hz clock output of the DLART is used to generate the INTA interrupt request which causes the
LEDs and keypad to be activated. Again, see Paragraph 6.11.
Detailed information on programming the DLART is contained in the DLART Data Sheet (ED-23181 ).
6.5.3 Auxiliary Serial Line (825 lA)
The 8251!\ auxiliary serial line chip is a universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter
(USART) which the DCTI I-EM uses for general purpose asynchronous serial communications. Typically.
the auxiliary serial line is used for communicating with a host computer.
The auxiliary serial line features modem control. The Data Carrier Detect and the SYNDET functions of
the 8251A, however, are not used in the DCT! I-EM.
For detailed information on programming the 8251A, refer to the Intel Component Data Catalog (available from Intel Corp., 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051). The order number is 210298-001.
6.6 INTERNAL DAT A BUS BUFFER
The internal data bus buffer is not accessible to you directly but is the buffer through which most of the
data in the DCTI 1-EM passes. It buffers DAL<l 5:00>, the microprocessor's primary data bus.
6.7 USER BUFFERS
The DCTI I-EM has three user buffers. One buffer provides access to DAL<15:00>, the main internal
data bus. Another buffer provides access to !\[<7:0>, the microprocessor's address interrupt lines. The
third buffer provides access to various DCTI I-EM control signals. These buffers arc directly accessible
through the 60-pin connector. See Paragraph 6.16 for the names of the specific buffered signals available.
6.8 PROCESSOR CYCLE DECODING
There is some decoding logic that takes microprocessor control signals and combines them to direct the
operation of various chips within the DCTI 1-EM. Some of these decoded signals are available to you
through one of the user buffers. See Paragraph 6.16 for the names of these buffered control signals.
6.9 ADDRESS LATCHING AND RANGE DECODING
Memory addresses are latched from DAL< 15:00> when the microprocessor asserts ERAS L. As shown in
Figure 6-l, the upper three bits of the latched address are converted (decoded) to signals which enable
pairs of on-board ROMs or RAMs.

6-5

Decoded address range signals are also available to your expansion hardware via the 60-pin connector.
These signals are ARD02 L, ARD03 L, and ARD! 7 L. Figure 6-2 illustrates the address ranges to which
these signals correspond.
177777
1/0 SPACE ANO
SPACE AVAILABLE
TO EXTERNAL

} ARD 17

HARDWARE

160000
157777

MONITOR

120000
117777

EPROM

} ARDIX

%§ /;

} NO CHIP ENABLE

RESERVED~

///,

SIGNAL AVAILABLE

100000
77777
AVAILABLE FOR

EXTERNAL

}AR003

HARDWARE

60000
57777
AVAILABLE

FOR

}AR002

EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

40000

37777
RESERVED

30000

}AR001

27777
OPTIONAL RA~

20000
1 7777
RESERVED

10000
7777

}AROOO

STANDARD RAM

MR 1DJ53

Figure 6-2

Address Range Decoding

6.10 PERIPHERAL CHIP ADDRESS DECODING
The peripheral chip decoding logic is similar in function to the address range decoding logic (see Paragraph
6.9). The difference is that this logic generates peripheral chip enable signals instead of memory chip
enable signals. Peripheral chips are enabled according to the addressing scheme shown in Paragraph 6.5.
The peripheral chip decoding signals are internal to the OCT! I-EM and are unavailable for expansion
hardware.

6.11

INTERRUPTS AND TRAPS

Interrupt vectors are located as shown in Table 6-2.
Interrupts are encoded and sent to the OCT! I-AA for handling. The OCT! I-AA also handles OMA
requests and external vector requests via the interrupt logic.
Some of the interrupt vectors above point to a "null" service routine. That is, they simply point to an RT!
instruction. These include the power-fail, DLART transmitter, external, and 8251 A transmitter interrupts.
If you do not write your own service routines and change the interrupt vectors accordingly, these interrupts
will have no effect.

6-6

'rable 6-2

Interrupt
Vector
Address

Priority

000024
000060
000064
000100
000104
000120

Type of Interrupt

HALT switch and HALT instruction
Nonn1askable power fail interrupt (caused by pressing JNT switch)
DLART receiver (l"IT3)
DLART transmitter (INT2)
External interrupt (INTB)
Keypad/LED scanning (I "ITA)
8251 A receiver (l"IT7)
8251A transmilter (INT6)
OL/\RT receiver break (INTF)

4
6

000124

000140

Interrupt Vector Locations

Other vectors include the following.
Vector Address

Description

000010
000014

Illegal instruction trap
Breakpoint and trace service

6.12 TIMING
Fundamental timing signals are generated by:
I.
2.

A 7.5 MHz crystal oscillator which drives the OCT I I -AA microprocessor
A 614.4 KHz clock which drives the OLART.

The 7.5 MHz signal is also divided down to 1.875 MHz to drive the 8251 A auxiliary serial line. These
signals are unavailable for external use.

6.13

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL LOGIC

There are pieces of logic spread throughout the OCT 11-EM that generate miscellaneous control signals.
The only signal that the miscellaneous control logic makes available to you is the signal ROY L, which,
when asserted, causes a single cycle slip. Note that the installation of the jumper disables the on-board
generation of ROY L.
6.14 KEYPAD/LEDS
The keypad/LEDs combination communicates with the rest of the OCT! I-EM through the 8255A
parallel port peripheral chip (sec Paragraph 6.5.1). Note that the lower four bits of port C arc decoded and
are used to drive the LED anodes and keypad simultaneously. These lines are asserted sequentially in
response to the INT A interrupt request.

6.15

HALT AND INT SWITCHES

The opcraton of the HALT and INT switches is explained in Paragraphs 3.9 and 3.10, respectively. To
summarize, pressing the HALT switch asserts the HALT signal which restarts the keypad monitor and
unconditionally stops whatever operation was in progress. Pressing the INT switch asserts the PF signal
which causes a power-fail interrupt. Power-fail interrupts have no effect unless you write a service routine
(vectored by location 24) to handle the interrupts.
Both HALT and PF are available to you via the 60-pin expansion connector.

6-7

6.16 CONNECTORS
There are four male connectors on the DCT! I-EM as follows.

Connector
Jl

Number
of Pins

60
4

J3
J4

25
25

Function
Connector for expansion hardware
Power supply connector
Auxiliary serial line
Console serial line

JI, J3, and J4 are all standard size connectors. J2 is the connector you assembled when you installed the
DCTll-EM.
The pin assignments of these connectors are listed in Table 6-3.
Table 6-3

DCTl 1-EM Connector Pin Assignments

60-Pin Connector for Expansion Hardware (JI) (see Figure 6-3)
Pin

Number
I
2

3
4
5
6
7

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
I8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Signal
Name
A[)OO H
ADOI H
AD02 H
AD03 H
AD04 H
ADOS H
AD06 H
AD07 H
AD08 H
AD09 H
ADIO H
ADii H
ADl2 H
ADl3 H
ADl4 H
ADl5 H
AIO H
All H
Al2 H
All H
Al4 H
Al5 H
Al6 H
Al7 H
GND
RESET L

Description

AD<l 5:00> is the buffered version of DAL<l5:00>, the bidirectional multiplexed data/address lines of the DCTI !-AA.

A1<7:0> is the buffered vers.ion of the OCT! 1-AA's A1<7:0> address interrupt
lines. Output only. During DMA transactions, these lines are set to the high
impedance state.

Buffered control signal. Output only. Corresponds to the DCTI 1-AA's -BCLR
signal.

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

PBO H
PBI H
PB2 H
PBJ H
PB4 H
PBS H
PB6 H
PB7 H
HALT L

PB<7:0> arc the bidirection~I port B lines of the 8255A parallel port chip.

Asserted when HALT switch is pressed. Open collector.

6-8

Table 6-3

DCTI I-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

60-Pin Connector for Expansion Hardware (J 1) (see Figure 6-3)

Pin
Number

Signal
Name

Description

PF L

Asserted when INT switch is pressed. Open collector.

DMR L

External DMA request line. Input only.

INTB L

External interrupt request line. Input only.

VEC L

External vector request line. Input only.

Pl H

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to the DCTl 1-AA's Pl signal. Output only.

41
42

GND
ARD02 H

Decoding signal for the address range 040000-057777. Output only.

ARD03 H

Decoding signal for the address range 060000-077777_ Output only.

ARDl7 L

Decoding signal for the address range 160000-177777. Output only.

IACK L

Buffered control signal. Interrupt acknowledge. Output only.

DMG L

Buffered control signal. DMA acknowledge. Output only.

SELi H

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTI 1-AA's SELi signal. Output only.

48
49

SELO H
WLB L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTI 1-AA's SELO signal. Output only.
Buffered control signal. Correspcnds to DCTI 1-AA·s R/-WLB signal. Set to
high impedance state during DMA. Input or output.

WHB L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTl 1-AA's R/-WHB signal. Set to
high impedance state during DMA. Input or output.

51
52

GND
RAS L

53
54

GND
CAS L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTJ 1-AA's -CAS signal. Output only.

55
56

GND
DBIN L

Buffered control signal. Read enable line. Output only.

57
58

GND
COUT H

59
60

GND
RDY L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTI 1-AA's -RAS signal. Output
only.

Buffered control signal. Corrcspcnds to DCTI 1-AA's COUT signal. Output
only.
Causes single cyc!e slip when asserted. Open collector.

6-9

T•ble 6-3

DCfl 1-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

Power Supply Connector (J2)

Signal

Number

Name

Description

I
2
3

+12VDC
+SVDC
GND
-12VDC

Power signal
Power signal

Power signal

Auxiliary Serial Line Connector (J3)

Pin
Number

Signal
Name

L>escription

FGND

Frame ground

2
3

PCSO
PCS!

Serial data out

4
5

PRTS

7
8
9

PCTS
PDSR

GND

Serial data in
Request to send
Clear to send
Data set ready
Signal ground

Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

11
12
13

Not used
Not used
Not used

14
IS

16
17

Not used

20
21

22
23
24
2S

PDTR

Not used
Data terminal ready

Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

6-10

Table 6-3

DCTl 1-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

Console Serial Line Connector (J4)

Pin
Number

Signal

FGND
DLSO
DLSI
RTS

Name

2
3
4

Description
Frame ground

Serial data out
Serial data in
Request to send (always ON)
Not used

Not used
Signal ground

7
8

GND

Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Not used

Nat used
Not used

Not used
Not used
DTR

Data terminal ready (always OJ\)
Not used
Not u.sed

23
24
25

Not used
Not used
Not used

)::

:;;

"' §
n

41
0

~
n
r

37
0

<
>
r

3·

v
~

••

•

•> >• > > 9•> 9> >g 8> 8•> ~ §> 8>

>
0

n
s z•
0

•r 5
I

0
r

>
I

, z

•r

v
~

• ~•

~
~
~

Figure 6-3

>
w

60-Pin Connector Pin Assignments

>
I

§ 8 § 8

" " " " '° 8

2;
PC BOAFID
~"'•OJ·,~

6.17 HARDWARE EXPANSION - EXAMPLE
If you plan to develop and run large programs, one of the first expansion hardware circuits you may want
to build is a memory module. Figure 6-4 shows a design for a 16 KB module.

The module responds to addresses 040000 through 077777. The address range decoding signals, ARD02
H and ARD03 H, are used to enable the module.
Note that the signal names on connector J l of the memory module arc in the opposite order as those
shown on connector JI of the DCTl 1-EM. This scheme eliminates the need to twist the interconnecting
cable.

6-11

16K K 1
2118

74LS244

11
13
15

1A1

1Y1

AD 15 H

1A2

1 Y2

AD 14 H

1A3

1 Y3

AD 13 H

1A4

1Y4

AD 12 H

2A1

2Y1

AD 11 H

2A2

2Y2

AD 10 H

2A3

2Y3

AD 9 H

2A4

2Y4

ADS H

E3
WHB l

OBIN l

16K x 1
2118
DOUT

74LS244
14

1-1

O'I

1A1

1 Y1

AO 7 H

1A2

1 Y2

AO 6 H

1A3

1Y3

AO 5 H

1A4

1Y4

AO 4 H

2A1

2Y1

AO 3 H

2A2

2Y2

AO 2 H

2A3

2Y3

AO 1 H

2Y4

ADO H

2A4

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

E6
1G
ARD 2 L
ARD 3 l

OBIN L

WLB L

21
19
18
12
11
9
NOTE: CONNECT A .047 µF CAPACITOR BETWEEN +5 V AND GROUND FOR EACH IC.
36
20

+5 v
J1

Figure 6-4

16 KB Memory Module

APPENDIX A
MONITOR LISTING
T-11 Evaluation Hodule Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sunda':I 13-Har-83 04!10
Table of contents
23-

4
2

5111517-

20-

273234353637394445484951575859-

2
2

2
2
2
2
2

Definitions
ScratchPad locations in hi::lh RAH
Console Serial Line Support Routines
General 1/0 SuPPort Routines
Host Line SuPr-ort Routines
1/0 Initiali:aticm arid LED Driver

LED DisPla:i SuPPort Routines
Error Condition and StartiJP Entr':I Code
Ent.rs Points

Ke':!Pad HonitCir

2
2

Ke':! Co1111and Routir1es

Console Monitor
Parsing Routines
Directive and \'erb Handlins Poutir1es

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Sr>ecial Ke'::SPad Monitor Function·3

S"J1bol and Label Handlir1S Ro1Jtine:-

Arithaetic Routines
Instruction Encode/Decude RoiJtine::.
Conversion and T':IPeQut Routines
Power-up Dia9nostics
Special Data Structures
Spare locctions1 Check..3u11n and ROI'\ I.D,

A-I

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor MACRO V05,00 S1Jnd.:.:i !3-Har-S3 04:10 Pase 1

2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13

14
15

16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23

T-11

E"'AL~A!'.Oll

MODULE Hatl!TCR

Version 1.0
COPYRIGHT CC! 1?32 PY
DIGITAL fOOIPHfNT CORPORAfJa.V, MAYNARD· ~~55.
; TKIS SOFTllAAE IS ft!RNISHED UllDER A LICENSE AllD HAY BE USE!< AliD •:CPlH'
; OIU IN ACCOR!lAHCE WITH THE TERMS Of SUCH L!CEllSE AND WITH TH'
; INCLUSION OF THE All0\1£ COPYRl6HT NOTICE. THIS SOFTWARE OR AllY OTHER
; COPIES THEREOF !IA! NOT BE PROVIDED OR OTHERWISE NADE AVAILABLE TO AiJY
; Oll£R PER~. HO TITLE TO AND OWllERSHIP OF THE SOFTWARE IS HEREP.Y
; TRAHSFERRED,
; TIE IIFll!MTIOH IN THIS SOFTWARE IS SUBJ£CT TO CHAI/GE WITHOUT NOTICE
; llHll Sl«llJl.D NOT DE CONSTRUED AS A COH!ITHENJ BY DIGITAL EaUIPHEIH
; CORP!JlAJIOH,
; DIGITAL llSSUllES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE USE OR RELIABILITY OF ITS
; SOfTllARE OH EllUIPHEHJ WHICH IS NOT SUPPLIED BY D!GITAL,

A-2

T·l1 Evaluation Hodule Monitor KACRO VOS.00 Suroda. 13-llar-83 04110 F'ag:e 2

1
2
3
4

.TITLE T-11 Evaluation ~odule "on1\or
, !DENT 100.001!
,SSTTL Definitions

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

000000
000001
000002
000003
000004
000005
000006
000007

=%0

Rl
R2
R3
R4
RS
SP
PC

=%1

000024
000060
000064
000120
000124
000100
000104
OOOHO

PFVEC
COHIN
CDNOUT
AUXIN
AUXOUT
USER IV
LEDIV
COHBRI:

::060
==064
::120
==124
==100
==104
==140

177l40
177542
177442
177444
177544
177446

P$PORA
NPORI
P$PORD
P$PORC
P$PIJRD
P$CREG

•=177440
==177542
==177441
==177444
==177544
==177446

177550
177450
177552
177452

AIRBUF ::177550
Amur ==177450
AISRE6 ==177552
AICREG ::177152

iB251 receiver data buffer (reaci onl!:ll
;9251 trans1itter d<i:ta b1Jffer twrite onl!:I)
;8251 status resister (read onl~l
i8251 co"1and re9ister (write ol\l~)

177560
177562
177564
177566

C$RCSR
CIR8UF
CIXCSR
CIXSUF

=•177560
=•177562
=•1775M
=•177566

iDLART receiver co~aand/status resister
iDtART receiver data buffer
iDlART trarrs1itter co11and/slatus resister
iDLART trans1itter data buffer

;Resisters

=%2

•%3
=%4
•IS
=%6
•17

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
14
25
16
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

iPower fail vector' called b~ INT button
1DLART receiver interrupt vector
;DLART transaitter interrupt ·...ector
i8251 receiver interruPt vector
i8251 trans1itter ir1terruF-t vector
;unco11itted interrupt v~ctor
;LEn disPla~ interruPl vector
;OLART brea~- interrupt vector

==02-4

A-3

i8255 port A (write onl!:I)
jport B (read onl':)) available to user
;F-ort B (write oril~l available to user
jport C (write or1ls) controls bits 3-~
iPort C (read onl!:ll reads bits 7-4
;9255 co11and re-9ister (write onl.,,)

T-11 EYaluation Module ~onitor MACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pas;e 3
Definitions
I

2
3
4 000000
5
6
006500
7
a
007320
9
10
006500
11
12
13
14
15
007324
16
007325
17
000001
18
000004
19
000010
20
000020
21
22
007326
23
007327
24
000001
25
000002
26
000004
27
000010
28
29
007330
30
0073Jl
Jl
000002
32
004000
JJ
000100
34
J5
000200
36
37
007332
JS
39
007333

.SBTTL ScratchPad locations in hish RAM
,ASECT
SCRPDl

::;

TBLTOP -llJR

SCRPDlt620

Pbotto1 ot default console 1onitor scratcl'.
idetiUlt syabol table--66. sy1bol capacity
;tof' of sv1bol tabler 2 words of naae scratch

6500

HBLTOP-<66.*6>

;7000

6500

iconsole 1onitor flas b':lte Pairs~·aust start at even address
LINFL6 ==
LASLIH -F.SST!
F.IUL
F.SAVX
f,COM

TBLTOPH
LINFL6tl
=001
=004
=010
=020

related to Parsins of whole lines
isaved tlass fro1 Previous line
rline contained STEP CtJ11and
;Jine is (functionally) ea?ts
iwe have saved ex?r for double para• coa1ands
;we are in a c011entr isnore characters

CURCOH -LASCOH ;;::;
F.HNEH
F,\HILU
F.UNDF
F,IJSRD

LASL!Ntl
CURCOHtl
=001
=002
=004
=010

icurrent co..and flass
isaved fla.!ls fro1 Previous co111and
iwas an instruction 1ne1onic
ian undefined sv1bol or directive
iexPression doesn t contain undefined s~abols
iwas a user defined sv1bol or label

;tla~s

f,BYTH =200

icurrent out.Put 1ode flass
iPer1anent outPut 1ode fla~s
;ibsolute valuesr not s~1bolic outPut
iYt •ode on or otf
;instruction outPut
;if neither ASCII nor instruction, then nu1eric
ib!:lte 1ode

EXPFLG

PERHODH

icurrent expression flass

LEVEL

EXPFLGt1

iParenthesis level in exPression

THPHOD -PE RH OD --

LASCOHtl
TH PHO DH
r .Alls =002
F.VT
=<400*010>
F, JHST =100

A-4

1-11 Evaluation Hodulo llonitor HACRO V05.00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa;e 4
Scratch•ad locations in hi;h RAH
1

2
3
4

'other variables:

007334

ADVAIIR ,,

LEVEL+!

idue to the varied uses of this location, a

5
6

ic:o1Plete list is in order:
iDOCR: When d1J11Pin!I locations in response to a <CR>, the next address

7
B

after th.at which has been du1Ped is saved in case the next

cOMind line reauests another du11p,

only be kept intact between two successive e111Pt!::I co11and lines.

The i.·alue of ADVADR need

ii.BYTE, 1.WCllDo GETINSo subroutines of GETINS:
These routines use ADVADR as a rurlflinS coP!::I of the c1Jrrent

12
13

address. The current address, as stored in @tlADDR, 1ust not

be chan!ed as successive values are dePosi ted into RAM b:i a

si~le instruction or directive1 because this would alter th~
valut of the dot ( ,) s~bol (current location refer·enc·e).
HWJSntl:uses A[IVADR to saYe R2, which ?Oints to the na1e to be defiriedi

16
17

while the value to be eouated is parsed, The val1J~ saved ir1
R2 is an index to the naite on the left of the earJals siSn• if
the natt is orie of the predefined s~abols or a user s~1bol that
;
hiJS ilread~ been defined.
iTYPREG:uses AD\IADR as a Pointer to ihi;i list of retisters to bl' i~Ped.
;EFND: uses ADVADR to sii'Ve the UPPer search ranse li~it before Porsins
the value and aask Para1eters1

20
21
22

23
24

25
26
27
28

29
JO
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

007JJ6

SAVEXP --

ADVA1*+2

;saved expr val~ for double Para1eter co11ands

007340
007341

COUNT! --

SAVEXP+2

COUNT2 --

COUHl!tl

;counter for UPPer level routines
icounter for lower level routines

007342
007343

HOOE
!FERA!

COUNT2+1
HODEil

iaddressinS 1ode scratch--1ust be even address
isave oPerator he-re ir1 e>:Pressions

007344

CNTLC

OPERATt!

iCNTLC<O> set to 1 when console t!:i!Pes "C arid
if.APPL is set, 1eaning that the
lcurrentl~ running PtOSral has a nC handler

007345

DELIH

CNTLCt!

ithe ,ASCII directive stores the deli1iter here

007346

llOTTOI! --

DELI!+!

;now at 73461 bot.tea ot console 1onitor stack
;console aonitor has 38 word stack
;HOTE! interr·uPts need UP to 11 stac~. locations

007400
007462

SCRPAD -STACK

BOIT0Ht32
SCRPADW

inow at 7400, botto1 of Ji.e:i?ad 1onitor scratch
i2S word stack for ke~Pad 11or1i tor

007462
007464
007466
007470
007630
007631
007632
007672
007673
000200
000100

TBLBOT --

STACK
STACK t 2
STACI t 4
REPEAH2
BUFFER+ HO
BP+!
FP+I
HOST!ft40

;P'ointer to botto1 of s:i1bol table space ir1 use

42
43
H

45
46
47
48

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

Hf8251 --

REPEAT ,,
BUFFER -::;;
BP
FP
HOSTBF -HFP

HSTFLG -HFPI!
F.LOAD ;200
f,LDST ;!00

A-5

iB251 1ode fla;s
;console 1onitor co111and line repeat counter
i96 character console line inPut buffer·
;buffer back Pointer1 1ust be even address
;buffer forward Pointer1 1ust follow Br
i32 character host inrut buffer
ibuffer forward Pointer
ihost flags
;1 = taking inPut fro1 host
it = lookins for .START to begir1 loading

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Honitor ltACRO V05,00 Sunda• 13-H•r-83 04:10 Pa1e 4-1
SrratrhPad lorations in high RAH

58
51
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
61
70
71
72

73
74
75
76
77
78
79
BO
Bl
B2
83
84

85
86
87
BB
81
90

000001

r.ms •001

ii = iSr1orin9 11essa:Sle fro1 host ibste buc~.etl

---

F.DATA
f,CHAN
F.AD!IR
f,REG
F,llRKS
f,FUNC
f ,USER
F.SST
F.l!RKA
F, BRKG
F.KEYP
F,HOST
F.APPL
F, !BAS
F.PllOT
F.PAS!

HSTFLGtl
PWRFVS12
KHPJVl2
KEYPVSl2
VSERVS+2
DEBNCE+c
•000001
•000002
•000004
•000010
•000020
•000040
•000100
•000200
•000400
•001000
•002000
•004000
•010000
•020000
•040000
•100000

isave user's Po"'er fail vector her-e
;kesPress service vector
;save user's ke~~ress vector here
isave user's interruPt. vector here
ike~Pad debounce resister
1flas bits, defined as follows
il ; data entrs •ode
;i = nuoe-ri::- ~.e~ ::-ressed a:fter oper1in5 locatior1
11 ; address E:ntr~ ;ode
il = resister selectiori ~odti
;1 ; break.Point selection mode
; 1 ; special function sel.;>1:l:c,~1 niode
; 1 ; executir1s user code
il ; sinsle stePPin:J
i l ::- breakpoints active i ir1stalled)
;1 = c1Jrrentl':' steP?in:3 over a breakPoir1t
;i = runnins console 1onitor
11 = accePtin§ console ro~iands fro~ both Ports
;i = runnins F-rosraa with "C handler
il = Print address break Point is at
;i = 1onitor scratch Protection disabled
;i = console 1or1itor f'ASS1 ITIOde active

FLAGS1t2

F.STOP
F.CPBO
f,CPB1
f .CPB2
f,A64X

•002
•010
=020
•040
•200

iconsole line flass, 1ust be even addres;
icoritrol S Pressed, executior1 susFenderJ
iProsra11able baud rate stored here
;aux Port 1ode word bit<O>, selects lbX or b4X

:::;;

CONFLGI!

icoP':I of what has been written to A$CREG
;6 word se91ent data buffer for LED dis~la~s
;nish b':lte for tJPPer disrla'::s'.• l•3W tor lower
;1 word buffer for special 2 character d1sPla~
;upper 6 bits COlJnt 00 seconds, lower 10 co1Jr1t,
;ei:Slhthundredths of seconds
;save user context here

007674
007676
007700
007702
007704
007706
000001
000002
000004
000010
000020
000040
000100
000200
000400
001000
002000
004000
010000
020000
040000
100000

PWRFVS
KEYP!V
KEYPVS
USE RVS
DEBNCE
FLAGS!

007710
000002
000010
000020
000040
000200

CONFLG

007711

AUXFLG

007712

SfGBUF

AUXFLGI!

007726
007730

SPCLBF
TIHE
--

SEG8VFl14
SPCLBF+2

007732
007734
0077l6
007740
007742
007744
007746
007750
007752
007754
007756
007760

IRO
IR!
IR2

IR0!2

---

92
93

94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

IR3

TlttE+2

-IR4
IR5
ISP
-IPC
-IPS
IWATCH -IADDR
BRKFIL

11112

IR212
IR312
fR4+2
IR512
tSP+2
lf'Cl2

IPSt2
IWATCH/2
IADOR+2

A-6

;watchPoint address
icurrent ~ddress
;file of tour breoli.P"oiril add!'esstcontents Pairs

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor "~CRO \I05,00 Sunda' 13-"•r-83 04!10 Page 5
ScratchPad locations in hi~h Rt\H

2
3
4
5
6
7
B

.SBTTL Cor1sole Se-rial Line SuPPort Routines

•

133000

;++
LINEIN answers console inPUt interrupts and buffers the inco1ing characters.
The characters 'l• "C1 "'O, "Q, "S, and "Y and trapped in this routine+

10
11
12
13 133000
14 133002
15 133004
16 133010
17 133012
18 133016
19 133020
20 133024
21 133030
22
23 133032
24 133036
25 133040
26 133M4
27 133046
28 133052
29 133054
JO IJ3062
31 133064
32 133070
33 mon
34 133100
35
36 133102
37 133106
38 133110
39 133116
40 133122
41
42 133124
43 133130
44 133132
45 133140
46
47 133142
48 133146
49 133152
50 133156
51 133160
52 133164
53
54 133170
55 133172
56 133174
57

133000

;-010046
010146
113700
100375
013700
100005
012700
004767
000457

LIHEIN! !ltOV
ltOV

177560

lt:

177562

ltOVB
Bfl
ltOV

Bfl

000007
000510

omoo 177600

5t!

"ov
JSR
BR

RO.-<SPl
Rt.-ISPl
HCIRCSR•RO
II
@tCIRIUf ,RO
21
1007,RO
PC·CHROI

iPreserve sole resisters for scratch
ireid console receiver status register
iin Polled aode1 wait for a character
fredd console receiver
frio error bits set
ior1 error, outP"ut <BELL>
;i.9l1ore ch.;racterr contin1.ie

2l:

BIC
BEO
C"PB
BEG
C"PB
BEQ
BITB
BEQ
C"PB
BHE
BICB
BR

1177600,RO
lclear all but 7 bits
;isnore ASCII nulls
91
tis it "C?
R0,1003
61
i":ies
iis it "Y1
R0,1031
i~es
71
lf,STOP,@ICOHFLG;ar• w• waitins for "Q1
ino
31
iis it "O?
R0,1021
ino1 wait for one
11
IF,STQP,@ICONFLG;cl•ar "S !las
;isnore character, continue
91

120027 000023
31:
001006
152737 000002 007710
106427 000200
000730

C~B

R0,1023
41

001454
120027
001454
120027
001461
132737
001407
120027
oom5
142737
000433

000003
000031
000002 007710
000021
000002 007710

120027 000017
4t:
001004
152737 000001 007673
000413
113701
042701
120127
103320
110061
105237
012601
012600
000002

007631
177400
000140

8$!

007470
007631

9t:

BNE
BISB
"TPS

CHPB

BHE
BISB
BR
HOVB
BIC
CHPB
BH!S
HOVB
INCB
HOV
HOV
RT!

iis it "S?
ino
tF.STOP1etCONflGiset "S flag to susPer1d exec 1Jtiori
iaccept other interrupts while suspended
t200
fwait for "Q
1$

iis it "O?
RO,t017
;no
81
IF .BYTMIHSTFLG;turn on host line b't• bucket
91
@IFP,R1
1177400,Rl
RJ.1140

SI
R0.8UfFERIR1l
@tFP
ISPJt,Rl
ISPJ+.RO

;set buffer inPut Pointer
;prevent sign extend
iis buffer full? (96 characters)
;~es, send <f!ELL·:rno, store character
iadvance Pointer
irestore registers
iand continue

A-7

T-11 Evaluation ffodule Monitor HACRO V05, 00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 04110 Pa<e 5-1
Console Serial Line Su~P-ort Routines

58 133176
59 133204
60 133200
61 1332H
62
63 133216
M 133222
65 133226
66 133234

032737 030000 007706 611
001404
152737 000001 007344
000765

BEO
Fm

012700
004767
042737
000167

HOV
JSR
BIC
JHP

054536
7t:
000302
000300 007706
004330

FIT

tF,APPLfF, TBAS,@tFLAGSl ;sto? on "C?
:yes, oot runnu1!i ;.rosralll with "Chandler
ino1 Just set flas for aPPlicatiori F-rogr~1.
j and reti;rn

71
llo@tCNlLC
91

1400*131+ 136oRO i"C arid "Y ter1inate exec1Jtion
i tY~'(' .l""Y I
PCoCHROUT
IF.USERtf ,SSTo@IFLAGSl tclear 1Jser pro~rai fla3s
i re1ove breakPoints1 enter 1or1itur

IHONIT

T-11 [Yaluation Hodule Monitor llllCRO V05.00 Sundas 13-Har-83 04110 Pa<e 6
Console Serial line S~PPort Routines

2
3
4

itt

GETLIM Pro1Pts for a line fro1 the cor1sole, and returns with the li11e ln
BUFF£R and R3 cleared. Upon entr<J1 BP should inde:-: the b!Jffer F-osition
just beyond the last character Previously taken fro11 the buffer (if l::iPeahead
characters are desired), To throw awa~ the t'::IPeahead characters, set P.F· ar1;J
f'P to zero.
The characters t!:!Ped on the console {ond anY earlier t::JPeahead characters)
are echoed to the cor1sole following the Pro11Ptr •;· ', Note that the ECHO
routiner which was specialized for use with •oriitor co1iu11and ir1F<ut, echoes
control cllaracters as '"'<character> until a se111icolon is fo1Jnd or1 the line,
Col)trol characters to the riSht of a se11icolor1 {i.e. within a 'coli1;1ier1l') Jre
erhoed invisibly so that the user ran echo control seo1Jenc-e; to lht· (onsol-~
ter1inal1

6
7
8
9

10
II

12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30 133240
31 133244
32
33 133250
34 133254
35 133260
36 133264
37 ll3270
38 133272
39 133276
40 133304
41 133306
42 133312
43 133314

Uses:

BP Index ta BUFFER location Just beyond last fetched character
<which is the location that rontairrs the fi rs.t charocter iL
the new line)

Returns:

Cleared

BllfFER Locations indexed bs entry value of l!f' throush the end of the
buffet re~lace rontents of locations at the beSinninS of the

buffer

;--

AdJusted to inckix the new next available location in the buffe1

105037 007324
004767 000200

GETLINllCLRB

@ILINFLG

JSR

PC.PURGE

ireset line ParsinS flass for new line
;purse bottoa of bufferr clear r1mnin!i Pointer

004767 000250
012700 020076
OM767 000244
123703 007631
001m
004767 000644
126327 007467 000015
001367
105037 007324
005003
000207

1s:

JSR

PCrCRLF

istart a new line

lt6\I

2s:

JSR
CKPB
BEG
JSR
CHPB
BNE
CLR!
CLR
RTS

t400*040t076,RO it•Pe > <SPACE>
PC,CHROUl
@tFP1R3
isee if a character has been tsPed
2t
;net1 wait for one
PCrECHO
iecho character to console
BUFFER-UR3ht01S
iis last character a <CR>'"
2t
ino1 wait for one

@tlINFLG
R3

A-8

freset line flass froa ECHO
;set r1;rming ?ointer to besir1nin1 of line
ireturn to caller

T-11 Evaluation Hod>J!e Honiior HACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04!10 Pa•• '
Console Serial line Support Routines
2

itf

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

GETCH rettieves characters frot t~e iri?ut buffer usin.!:I RJ as on index.
The character is Placed in the lower 7 bits of RO, Lower rise charac·ters
are folded to UPPer case. The N flag is set if the character is a seParator
{sPaCe1 horizontal tabi verticill tab, line feedr or forr1 teed) arid the C flag
is set if the character has been folded, U?or1 entr~' R3 1ust inde~: a b:ite
within the console inPut buffer (F:3 < 140 octal or 96. deci1:1ll.
Usest

Index to ne>:t character in console ir1f11t buffer (PUFFER\

Returns:
RO

Contains character fetched froa BUFFER in lo1o1e~ 7 bit~·
UPPer bits cleared
Set lo PreviatJs value t 1

15
16
17
18
19 133316 116300 007470
20 133322 005203
21 133324 120027 000011
22 133330 103423
23 133332 120017 000040
24 133336 001403
25 133340 120027 000014
26 133344 101003
27 133346 000270
28 133350 000241
29 133352 000207
30
31 133354 120017 000141
32 133360 103407
33 133362 120027 000172
34 133366 101004
35 133370 162700 000040
36 133374 000261
37 133376 000401
38 133400 000211
39 133402 000250
40 133404 000207
41

R3
N•C

Siae couenls above

;--

GETCH:: HIWB

CHPB

R0,1011
31
R0,1040
21
R0,1014
41

BLO
CHPB
BEG

CHPB
21:

!LHERIR3hRO

INC

BHI
SEN

;!:f:i'St

Set a character--bit 7 should be clear

;is it less than <TAB>?
;~es, not a separator
iis il a sPace?
i~es, a separator
i1s it <FF> or lower?
iri01 check for lower case

iflas a separator

CLC
~s:

3$!

51:

RTS

CKPB
BLO

R0,1141
31

;15 it lower case

CHPS

ROrt172

iis it lower case •z•?

BHI
SUB
SEC
!R
CLC
CLN

31
1040,RO

;fold to uP~er case

RTS

'a'?

tno1 don't fold

;,"lo, don't folf.I

ifla9 folded character
51
iflag a nor1al character

A-9

T-11 Evaluation Module Konitor MACRO VOS.00 Sundas 13-Kar-B3 04110 Pase B
Console Serial Line Support Routines
2
3
4

.ENABL LSB

;++
GETLCH recovers the •ost recentl~ sotten character.

s
6
7

Uses:

Index to location in BUFFER Just be~ond character to be

returned

Returns:

9
10
12
13
14
lS 133406 OOS303
16 133410 000742
17
18
19 133412 004767
20 133416 103002
21 133420 062700
22 133424 000207
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
31 133426 004767
32 133432 10077S
33 133434 000207
34
JS
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4S
46
47
48 133436 113703
49 133442 042703
so 133446 000207
51

fG1Jal to Previous value

R3
RO

COntains fetched character in lower 7 bitsr UPPer bits cleared
!See header of GETCH routine)

H,C
i·-

6ETLCH: !DEC

BR
177700
000040

R3
!lETCH

;GETCHC is like GETCH except it doesn't fold lower case.
PC,GETCH
GETCHC:!JSR
2t:
Bet:
a
t040,RO
ADD
1•: RTS PC
it+

GETNXT is like GETCH except it doesn't return separators.
CSee usase infortation of 6ETCH>
;--

177664

PC,GETCH
GETNXT
RTS
PC
.DSABL LSB

GETNXT:: JSR

BK!

;++
GET8P Places the back Pointer in R3 and Prevents sisn extension, This is
useful to refetch characters froa a line {providing BP still indexes the
besinnins of the line),
Uses:

Index to be transferred to R3

Contains Yalue in BP

Returns!
;--

007630
177400

GETBP! ! ttOVB

BIC
RTS

HBP,RJ
tl77400oRJ
PC

A-JO

T-11 Evaluation llodule Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04!10 Pase 9
Console Serial Line SuPPOrt Routines
I

tt+

PURGE shifts the inPut buffer to eliainate space below B?t the back Pointer.
Console in~ut interruPts are blocked while the shift is occurring, R31 the
runnin9 Pointer' is cleared,

s
6

Uses!

Index of first location to be kePt in console in~ut buffer

flocatior1s below BUFFERtCBPJ are overwritten)
Index of ti rst unused locatior1 in BUFFER

10
11

Returns:

Cleared
Cle.red

Indexes new first unused location in BUFFER

14
IS
16
17 1m50 106746
18 133452 106427 000340
19 133456 004767 177754
20 133462 005000
21 133464 120337 007631
22 133470 103006
23 133472 116360 007470 007470
24 133500 005200
25 133502 005203
26 13J504 000767
27
28 133506 110037 007631
29 133512 105037 0076JO
JO 133516 005003
JI IJ3520 106426
32 133522 000207
33
34
35

;-PURGE: ! MFPS

Hll'S

JSR
2t:

1$!

R3,@tfP

isive Priorit~
;disable interr~ts te1Poraril~
i!tet biC'k Pointer
iaale a POinter to the botlo1 of the buffer
ihas entire buffer been transferred?

;~es

-(Sf)

1340
pt,GETBP

CLR
CltPB
BHIS
lfflVB
IHC
INC

BUFFER{RJ),BUffER(~O)

;trensfer a character

HOVB

RO,HFP

CLRB

CLR

@tBP
R3

KTPS
RTS

<SPlt
PC

ifix forward Pointer,
lba:ck Pointer'
tand runnins Pointer
ire~tore Ptiorits

;+t

CRLF sends a carria.!ie return and line feed to the console (and Printer!,

37
38
39

Returns!

;--

41
42 133524 012700 005015
43

CRtF:: HOV

Contains sarba.!ie (400 t 15 + 12)

t400•o12+01s.RO •<CR>• <LF>

A-11

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor HACRO V05,00 Sunda' 13-Har-83 04!10 Paie 10
Console Serial line SuPPort Routines

;++

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 133530
H 133534
IS 133536
16
17 133540
18 133544
19 133546
20 133552
21 133554
22 133562
23 133564
24 133570
25 133572
26 IJJ574
27 133600
28 133606
29 133612
JO 133620
31 133622
32 IJ:u24
33

CHROUT outputs the lower b!lte of RO to the console' and to the ilU>: Port
it the Printer Port bit is set, If the UPPer b':lte of RO is non-zero,
it is also sent to the ~ort<s>. CHROl outPuts onl~ the lower b~te of RO,
and CHR02 car1 be used to 01.1t.Put a character to the auy,, Part onl':I.
Uses:

Lower b':lte contains first ASCII character to be outPut
UPPer bYte contains zero or second character to be output

;-,[Ht\Bl

004767 000004
105700
001431

CHROUT: !JSR
TSTB

105737 177564
100375
110037 177566

CHR01!! TSTB

000423

11[0

BPL
HOVB
BR
000004 177552 CHR02! ! 8!18
BEQ
177552
TSTi

132737
001774
105737
000240
106746
106427 000340
112737 000047 177452
110037 177450
113737 007711 177452
106426
000300
tt:
000207

NOP

Hf PS
"TPS
HOVB
llOVB
HOVB
HIPS

SWAB

LSB
PCoCllROl
RO
11

ioutPut lower half of RO
iis there a second character?
lno

register
iwait until transaitter read':I bit is set
;then outPut a character
;no, done
11
1004o@IAtSREG iis aux Port trans1itter eaPt~?
CllR02
;oo, wait until it is
etAISREG
iis DSR active?
iPlaceholder for above line
-(Sf)
;save Priorit!:;I
1340
fblock interru?ts while we
1047o!IAICRE6 ienable aux Port trans~itter
RO, !IAtXBUF
;output a character
etAUXFLG1@IAS.CREG ;restore preYious aux port co1111and word
ISP)I
;restore pr·iorit~
RO
PC
@ICIXCSR
CHROI
RO• !ICIXBUF

RTS
.DSABL LSB

A-12

ichec~ console trans1itter status

T-11 f,alualion "odule "oni\or ttACRO V05,00 Sund•• ll-Har-83 04:10 Page 11
c~ole Serial line SUPPort Routines

.SBTTL General 1/0 SUPPort Routines

2
3
4

ASCOUT outPuts the character in RO to the Port(s) if it is not a control
chararter. If S01 the special seauences '"A' throtJ!lh '"-' are sent with
excePtions <SF'>, <ESC>, aM <DEL>.

6
7
8

9
10

Uses:

Returns:

12
13
14
15 133626
16 133632
17 133636
IS 133640
19 133644
20 133646

21 133650
22 13365-4
23 133656
24 133660
25 133664
26
27 133666
28 mm
29 133676
30 133702
31
32 133704
33 133710
34 133714
35 133720
36
37 133722
38 133726
39 133732
40 1JJ73b
41 133742
42 133746
43

Lower 7 bits contairi character to be Printed

Contains !larbase

;--

042700
120027
001413
120027
101331
001416
120027
001422
000300
062700
000721

CltPB

1177600,RO
RO•l177

BCD

CllPB
BK!

RO.t040
CllROOI
SS
R0,1033

;•ake RO a 7-bit character
;is it delete?
i!:fesr t!:We <DEL>
iis it control1
frio, t'JPe it. nor•all~
i~ke spaces visible
;is it escaPl'?

i'JeSr t':4PE!

177600
000177

ASCOUTI :BIC

000040
000033

CHPB
BEO
SWAB
ADD
BR

8£0

040136

012700 042074
004767 177632
012700 046105
000415

1$!

012700 051474
004767 177614
012700 037120
000703

st:

012700
004767
012700
004767
012700
000670

3S!

042474
177576
041523
177566
000076

HOV
JSR

"ov

MOV
JSR
HOV
BR

1400t123t074,RO ;I••• <S

HOV

1400*1051074,RO ;1,Pe <E
fC,CKROUT
t400i10ltl231RO ;t~~e SC
f·C,CKROUT
t076,RO
it~F'e' ~·
CKROUT

*ov
4t:

1400*104+074.RO ;1,,e <D
PC.CHROUT
t400*1l4tlOS,RO ;1,,e EL

JSR

JSR
HOV

-'.ESC>

ino, l'JPe "(letter)
t400t100t13'>rRO ;1ake it second character after , . . ,
CHROUT
iand t~Pe it

PC,CHROtll

1400*076+120•RO tt'::IPe P>
CHROUT

A-13

1-11 (valuation Module Hoo1tor HACRO V05.00 St.wlda' 13-Har-BJ 04:10 Pa•• 12
General I/O Support Routines

;++

2
J

PRIMTA ?tints an ASCII strH1S Pointed to b!> Rl.

blar1~. b~te.

Uses:

7
B

Returns:

The string 111Jst end •,nth o

;--

Points to strinS of b~tes to be Printed

f'oir1ts ta bste just be':lond first b~te in s.trins containing zero

12
13 133750
14 133754
IS 1J3756
16 1JJ760
17
18

004767 177564
112100
001374
000207

.(NABL lSB
1S:
JSR
PCoCllROI
P!UNTA: :llO\IB
<Rll+oRO
BH£

;~et

a character froa strins

iPrint it

RTS
PC
,DSABL LSB

A-14

1-11 Evaluation Hodule "onitor llACRO V05.00 Sunda• 1J-"ar-8J 04:10 Page !J
General 1/0 SUPPort Routines

;++

2
J
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

PRINT outputs a radix-SO strins pointed to b~ R2. The string tust end with
a blank word.
PRINTl outPuts a sinsle radix-SO triPlet in Rt,
PRINT2 outputs a Pair of radi~-50 triPlets Pointed to bY R2. Ho ter1inator
is needtid.
PRINTJ outputs the 1ost si!niticant radix-50 character in Rt and 1ultiPlies
R! b\I 40. (PRINTJ is 'ailed 3 ti1es b• PRINT!.!
Uses:

Points to RAD50 string to be Printed IPR!Nll

Contains RAD50 triPlet to be Printed (Pfi'.l~Tl>

Points to RADSO f'air of words to be Pt·int.:;cl <PRIIH2i

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Contains ~AD50 character to be ?tinted {f'P.INT3)
ReturM!

Points to next word after blank word in RAD50 strin3 iPRI~T)

Contains zero IPRIHT, PRINT!, PRINT2l

Points to word after the Pair of uords Printed (PRINT2l
ConUins <Previous value of Rl> ttOii 1600. l 40, (F'RINT3>

;--

.ENABl
JSA
PRINT:: "ov
BHE
RTS
.DSABL

LSB
PC.PRINT!
IR2lt.R1

i!let • \ri•le\

inot the end 'lift

PRIN12t:"ov
HO\/

(R2lt.R1
PC.PRINT!
IR2lf ,R1

000004
000000

PRINT!:tJSR
Pf!IHT4: JSR

PC,PRIHT3
PC,PRH!l3

it'll?e the first character

RO
RO
tsoi50.R1

i1;hvide b':I successive subtractior1

OOJ!OO

PRIHT3: :CLR
1$!
INC
SUB
BCC
DEC

24 133762 004767
25 133766 012201
26 133770 001374
21 mm 000207
28
29
JO 133774 012201
31 133776 004767
32 134002 012201
33
34 134004 004767
35 134010 004767
36
37 134014 005000
38 134016 005200
J9 134020 162701
40 13~24 103374
41 134026 005300
42 134030 062701
43 134034 004767
44 134040 005700
45 134042 001413
46 134044 020027
47 13~50 103413
48 134052 001415
49 134054 020027
50 134060 001415
51 134062 062700
52 134066 000167
53
54 134072 012700
55 134076 000773
56
57 134100 062700

000016

1t!

JSR

000002

ADD

OOJ!OO
000062

JSR
!ST
BEQ

000033

CHF'

BLO
BEQ

177436

6t:

CHP
BEO
ADD
JHP

000040

2s:

HOV

000035
000022

000100

3t:

it~Pe

the tri?let

PC
LSB

RO
150150,R!
PC,R!X40
RO
21
RO•t033
31
41
RO,t035
51
1022,RO
CH ROUT

hiet a triPlet
;t~n>e

;!iet another

;and the second

;tr':I to subtract 1600.
iworked1 no borrow
; fix RO
iand Rl

i1ultiP1' RI O• 40

;o •eans space
1032 1eans Z
iA throu~h Z
i033 1eans S
;035 is undefined1 but t1:1Pe t

;o throu~h 9 and'•'

1040,RO
61

;t':iPe SP.Jt:e

ADD

1100,RO

iA throu!h Z

A-15

l-11 Ev•lua\ion Hodule l!oni\or HACRO V05,00 5"nd"" 13-Har-BJ 04!10 Pa;e 13-1
General 1/0 Support Routi~es
58 134104 000770

59
60 134106
61 134112
62
63 13m4
64 134120
65
66 134122
67 134124
68 134126
69 134130
70 134132
71 134134

012700 000044
000765

4t:

012700 000052
000762

st:

006301
006301
006301
010146
006301
006301
72 134136 062601
73 134140 000207
74

HOV

tOH.RO

HOV

t0521RO

R1X40:: ASL

ASL
ASL
HOV
ASL

RI
Rl,-ISPI
RI

AS!.
ADD

Rl
IS!'lt.Rl

RTS

;t'JF-E J

il'::lr-e t

f1ultiPl'::I Rl b'::I S

A-16

;save a x
;32 x
;~Ius

S Xaakes 40 X

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Hon1tor MACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 p,;, 14

General 1/0 Support Routines

it+

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

ECHO reads the line b1Jffer as characters are t!:IPed in arid echoes the1
to the cor1sole (and Printer, it selected), Control characters are echoed
as "(letter) exce~t within co11ents. LINFLG is used to record co1eent stattis.
If ECHO encoonters "R, "U, "Xr or <DELETE>, it resPonds or 1odifies the line
buffer accordinsl~. ECHO be'.3ins echoinS characters at the runnin!l Pointer
<R3) and continues until R3 = FP or a <CR> is found.

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 134H2
20 134146
21 134152
22 134154
23 134160
24 134162
25 134160
26 134172
21 mm
28 134200
29 ll4202
JO 134206
31 134210
32 134214
33 134216
34 134224
35 134232
36 134234
37 IJ4240
JS 134242
39 134246
40
41 134250
42 134252
43 134256
44 134262
45 134264
46
47 134266
48 134270
49
50 1J4272
51 IJ4276
52 IJH02
5J 134306
54 134312
55
56 134314
57 134320

Uses!

Index to first character in ~UFFER to be echoed
Indl'x to er1d of data in buffer

Returns:
Index to location in llUFFER loSicallY just be~ond last echoed
b•t• (This aeans RJ returns zero if "U or "X wa~ the lost
character in the buffer1 etc.)

j--

116300
120027
001447
120027
001002
012700
120027
001450
120027
001432
120027
00145J
120027
001003
152737
132737
001006
004767
100404
004767
000403

007470

ECHO!:

OOOOJO
000025
000025

ltO'IB
CHP~

000022

3i!

000015

BED
CHPB
BHE
HOV
C"PB
BED
CHPB

BED

000177
000073
000020 007324
000020 007324 51:
177152

llUFFER!RJhRO
RO.t022
11
R0.1030
JI
1025,RO

RO,t02S
2$
R0,1015
171
R0.1177
41
RO,t073
51

;Hot character
;is it "R?
;'::H!st ret!:IPe line
iis it "X?
;no
i1aP "X to ~u
;is lt "U?
iYes, car1cel line
iis it <CR>?
;:1es1 stot> echoins characters

!is it <DELETE>'

CHPB
BED
C"PB
BNE
BISB
BIT8
BNE
JSR
BHI
JSR
BR

f'C,GETCHC
61
PC•ASCOUT
Bl

;type non~~rintable characters visibl~

;~s1 delete last charat'~r
jis it a se1icolon
ino
tF,COHH1@tl..INFL6i!:lesr show we are in a comient
tF.COPtl'lr~tllNFLG;are we in a co11ent?
;~es1 echo characters literall!:I
71

177360

14$:

005203
004767 177252
120337 007631
103727
000207

7t:
6t:

INC
JSR
CHPB
BlO
RTS

R3
PC•CHROUT
R3,Hf P
ECHO
PC

;advance runoins Pointer
it'::!Pe non-Printable characters as the~ ore
; have we echoed e>'er:1thir1!l?
inor do so~e ~ore
i~s' continue

005203
000207

111:

INC
RTS

R3
PC

iste? Past <CR>
iand return

1f:

JSR
JSR
JSR
HTPS
BR

Pc.101
PC.!51
PC,G£TBP
tOOO

;so1e coa1on code
;reaove "R fro& line
;so bark to the beSinninS
itake characters asain
iar1d echo line

JSR
JSR

PC.IOI
PC.GETBP

004767
004767
004767
106427
000761

000172
000210
177130
000000

004767 000150
004767 mm

as:

2s:

A-17

;so•~ co1ton code

i!!o back to the botto1 of the buffer

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Honitor HllCRO V05.00 Sundas 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa•• 14-1
General 1/0 Support Routines
58 134324
59 m330
60 134334
61
62 134336
63 134342

64 134346
65 134352
66 ll4354
67 134356
68 134364
69 134366
70 134372
71 134370
72 13H02
73 134406
74 134412
75 134416
76 134420

n mm

78 134430
79 134m
80 134440
81 134444
02
83 134452
84 134456
85 134462
86 134466
87
88 134470
89 134474
90 134500
91 134504
92 134510
93
94 mm
95 134514
96 134522
97 134524
98 134530
99 134532
100 134536

nmo

110337 007631
106-427 000000
000207
106427
004767
120337
001443
005303
032767
001415
012700
004767
012700
004767
012700
004767
000410
012700
004767
116300
004767
116300
120027
001002
105037
004767
106427
000673

000200
000144
007630

106427
004767
004767
105037
000207

000200
177126
177020
007324

4S:

HOVB
HTPS
RTS

R3,HFP
1000
PC

;indicate buffer eaPts
;ta~.e characters a!iairi
iwait for new characters

HTPS
JSR
CHPB
BED
DEC
BIT
BEU
HOV
JSR
HOV
JSR
HOV
JSR
BR
HOV
JSR
HOVB
JSR
HOVB
CHPB
BNE
CLRB
JSR
HTPS

!200
Pc.151

;don't take characters while buffer is fi;.;ed
;reaove <DELETE> fro1 line, decre111ent FP
iis there an!:!thins to delete?
ino' continue
iback UP to character to be deleted
isee if video 1ode
ibranch if not
;send bac:ksPace

R3,~19P

91
R3
IF, VT, THPlllD
200t
110,RO
PC,CHROUT
140,RO
PC,CHROUT
110,RO
PC•CHROUT
2101
1134,RO
PC,CHROUT
BUFFER<R3hRO
PCoASCOUT
BUFFERIRJ!.RO
R0,1073
131
mrnFLG
Pc.151
1000
81

10S!

HTPS
JSR
JSR
CLRB
RTS

1200
PC,ASCOUT
PC.cRLr
ilLINFLG
PC

110300
1ss:
116060 007471 007470 16S:
005200
120037 007631
103771
105337 007631
000207

HOVB
HOVI
INC
CHPB
BLO
DfCB
RTS

RJ,RO
iset 2 scratch COPY of runnins Pointer
BUffERl!(ROl,BUFFER<ROI ;reoov~ I ch<rac\er froo buffer
RO
RO,etFP
iis that ever~thir13?
;not do 1ore
16$
lfi}: Ff'
HFF'
PC

004000 052744 1oos:
000010
177132
000040
177122
000010
177112
000134
177100
007470
177166
007470
000073
007324
000030
000000

200S!

2101:

13S:
9t:

A-18

isend space
isend backs.face
;s~,1P Printer '\.
itsPe "\ 1

;get deleted charaeter
it!>Pe it
icheck if we deleted a •;•

i~esr so we aren't ir1 a co111ent an·:c1111ore
; re1ove deleted charact~r fro11 bufferita~.e character-s agair1
iecho rest of line

idor1't take characters for a while
iecho the sPecial character
;start a new line
iinitialize flass

T-11 Evaluation liodule Monitor HACRO VOS. 00 Sun<la• 13-Har-83 o4:1o Page 15
General I/O SUPPort Rout1ries
,SBTTL Hast line SUPPort Routines

2
3
4

;++

HOSTIN answers aux. f'Ort receiver interrupts and buffers the inco•ins
characters in HOSTBF {up to 32 characters), "p, "Ct "S, arid "Y are isriored
t'Olling fro1 this Port. When the buffer beco11es half-ftJll (10 characters},
a "S is sent to the ho$t,

6
7
8
;~-

10
11 13l540 010046
12 134542 010146
13 1345-14 113700 177550
14 134550 132737 000060
IS 134556 001050
16 134560 042700 177600
17 134564 001464
18 134566 120027 000003
19 13-4572 001453
20 134574 120027 000031
21 134600 001450
22 134602 120027 000023
23 134606 001445
24 134610 113701 007/,72
25 134614 042701 177400
26 134620 120127 000040
27 134624 103036
28 134626 110061 007632
29 134632 lOS2l7 007672
30 134636 120127 000020
ll 134642 103435
32 134644 132737 000002
33 134652 001031
34 134654 IOM66 000006
35 134660 ·012700 000023
36 134664 004767 176664
37 134670 152Jl7 000002
38 134676 000417
39
40 134700 113701 007711
41 134704 052701 000020
42 134710 110137 177452
43 134714 113737 007711
44 134722 012700 000007
45 134726 106466 000006
46 134732 004767 176602
47 134Jl6 012601
48 mm 012600
49 134742 000002
50

HOSTIN: :HOV
HOV
HOVI
177552
BITB
BNE
BIC
BEO
Cl!PB
BEO
CHPB
BEO
CHPB
BEO
HOVB
BlC
CllPB
BHIS
HOVB

!NCB
CHPB
BLO
BITB
BNE
HTPS
HOV
JSR
BISB
BR

007673

3s:
177452

2$;
1$:

HOVB
BIS
HOVB
HOV8
HOV
HTPS
JSR
HOV
HOV
RT!

RO,-!SP>
Rh-ISP!
HA•RBUF ,Ro
1060,HA•SREG
l•
1177600,Ro

u
Ro.tool
2$
R0,1031
2•
R0,1023

"HHFP,Rl
1177400.Rl
Rl ,140
2f
Ro,HOSTBF !RI)
@IHFP
Rl 1120
11

;f'reserve soae resisters for scratch
;set the character' reset interruFl
;rra1in!l or overrun error?
;~es, beeP console' and isnore character
;clear all but 7 bits
;isnore ASCII nulls
; i!lnore "C
;anc1 "Y

;and "S so that host Iine traps the sa1e chars
ias console line1 even thou!lh isnored
;set the host buffer inPut Pointer
iPrevent sisn extend
;is buffer full?
i~es1 beep the console1 isnore error
;no' store character
;advance the Pointer
iis buffer half full'

;no1 returr1
tF.STOf',@tHSTFLG;have we alread~ sent "S ~o ho:.t?
;~sr return
11
;restore Priorit~ in case another char coaes in
6!SP>
;send ~5 lo host
t023,RO
PC•CHR02
tF.STOP1~tHSTFLGishow

we have done so

Pset saved cop~ of ASCREG
@IAUXFLG•Rl
iadd the error reset bit
t201R1
ireset errors
R!.UAfCREG
irestore to nor1al
@IAUXFLG•PIAfCRE6
ibeeP t~ie console on error
1001.Ro
frestore r>riorit~ in ca-:.e uiolher char co11es in
6!5P>
PC•CHROI
; restore resister::.
!SPlt•Rl
!SP>t.RO

A-19

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor HAtRO VOS, 00 Sundas 13-K•r-83 04:10
Host Line SUPrort Routines

P•~e 16

;++

2
3
4

HGETCH !:lets a charaC'ter fro1 the host input buffer and shifts the buffer down
one character, If the buffer is reduced fro• 16 or 1are characters to ju5t
four, a ~a is sent to the host • Do not call this routine if no characters
are available in HOSTBF (i.e. HF'f' = 0),

••

6
7

Uses!

HFP
Index to next available location in HOSTBF
F.STOP Status fla9 =1 if a ~s has been sent to the host

Returns:

Lower byte contains the first character in HOSTBF, UPPer bYte
contains si~n extensior1 of bit 7
Decre1ented to index new next available location in HOSTFF
HFP
F.STOP Cleared if ~o was sent
RO
CorAains !iarba!le

12
13
H
15
16
17

;--

19 134744
20 134746
21 134752
22 134754
23 134760
24 1347.12
25 134770
26
27 134772
28 134774
29 135000
30 135004
31 135006
32 135014
33 135016
34
35 135020
36 135024
37 135026
38 135034
39 135036
40 135044
41 135046
42 135052
43 1JSOS4
44 135056
45 135060
46 135062
47 135066
48
49 135074

005001
HGETCH! !CLR
113746 007632
llOVB
11:
INC
005201
120137 007672
CHPB
BHIS
103004
ltOVB
116161 007632 007631
BR
000770

Rl
@tHOST9F 1-<SPl ;save the first character in buffer

106746
31:
106427 000340
-41!
120137 007672
103005
116161 007632 007631
005201
000770

-ISP>

HFPS
HTPS
CKPB

BHIS
HOVB
INC
9R

Rl
iare we too close for coafort?
;yes1 disable interrupts before doins this or1e
HOSTBF(Rl)1HOST8F-1(R1) ;shift down one character
1$
jdo entire buffer uf' to one less than HFP
Rh@IHFP

;save Priority
;disable interrupts to Prevent sc:rew•JPs
Rl1HHFP
;are we really done?
i~sr all characters transferred
5•
HOSTBFIR!J ,HDSTBH <RI l ishift down one character

mo
R1

HHFP
RO
HHFP,14

;adjust buffer iru:rut Pointer

105337 007672
SI!
005000
123727 007672 000004
101006
132737 000002 007673
001402
012700 000021
2$:
106426
112601
005700
001405
004767 176466
142737 000002 007673

TST
BED
JSR
BICB

-s sent>
;no
2•
iPut ~Q in RO
t021•RO
;restore priorit~
<SP It
irecover character
<SPlt.RI
;did we decide to send ~a?
RO
ino
6•
;yes, send ~a to host
PC1CHR02
tF.STOP,itHSTFLGishow we have done so

6t:

RTS

000207

CLR
CKPB
BHI
Bm
BED
HOV
HTPS

HOVB

2•

;have we reduced to just four characters?
;no

tF.STOP,~IHSTFLG;•nd ••s

A-20

1-11 E'aluation "odule "•nitor llACRO VOS.00 Sunda' 13-"•r-83 04!10
Most Line Suf.F1lrt Routines
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

.SBTTL l/D Ini t1alization and LED Driver

it+
IOIMIT asserts the RESET L line on the board' thereb~ clearins the
cor1fi!:luration of the Peripheral chips. It then initializes the Peripheral
chiPS to an idle state, SETAX2 confisures the aux. Port to oPerate with
a 16X clock' so that its baud rate will be eoual to that Jf the console ?ort.
The RS-232 control outPut siSnals are left deasserted, ani;l the aux. F·orl
receiver and trans•itter are left disabled. S£TtiX1 is lilE' SETAX2, e}~tert
that the clock divisor of the aux, Port is set to 16 if RO :: O uPon entrs1
or 64 if RO ; 1. A 64X cloc~ 1eans that the au~·:, Port ba1Jd rate will be
one fourth of the console P"Ort b~ud rate.
1

10
11
12
13
14
15
16 135076
17 135100
18 135106
19 135114
20 135120
21 135124
22 135126
23
24 135134
25 135142
26 135150
27 135154
28 135160
29 135166
30
31
32

;--

000005
112737
112737
IOS<l37
105037
005000
112737

000212 177446
000010 177444
177560
177564

IO!NIT: :RESET
IUIVB

1212.HPICREG
1010,@tPIPDRC
etetRCSR
HCIXCSR

SETAX2: CLR
000200 177452 SETAX 1: "DVB

1200,HAICREG

"DVB
CU!B

112737 000100 177452
152737 000002 007464
063700 007464
110037 177452
112737 000020 177452
000207

"DVB
8ISB
AOD

IUIVB
"DVB

RTS

RO
1100,HAICREG

12,@IHFB251
@l"F825loRO
RO,HAICRE6
1020, HAICRE6
PC

;disable interrtuPs
iconfi~ure 8255 with port II: a<:: inPut
idisable LED disPlas
idisible DLART re<:ei11er
idisable DLART trans1itter
iindicate lbX clock for aux port
isend a har1less 1ode word to 1ak~ sure next
iword is interFreted a·; a central word so that
;this control word Puts us bark to sode load
i1a~.e sure baude ratl!s will aatch
iadd in 1ode b':lte incase user has chan!fed ar1!::1thinS
ir101o1 initialize todes
ireset error flass, disable 8251

;++
SETAUX reconfisures the aux. Port to o~erate with a 16X clock if bit 7 of
COHFLG o o, or with • 64X cloc~ 1 f bit 7 of CONFLG !. The •u::. ?orl
re.cei<1er and trans1itter are left disabledt but the RS-232 control s1snals
rtauest-to-send ind data-ter1inal-read!::I are asserted. ti cOP\:I of th~ cot1o:nd
b~te sent to the au:{, port is saved in HUXFLG for future reference, since
AiCRtG is a write-onl!::I location.

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41 135170
42 135172
43 135176
44 135200
45 135202
46 135206
47 135214
48 135222
49

p,,, 17

;--

005000
105737 007710
100()01

SETAUX: !CLR
TSTB
BPL

@tcONFLG

;is 64X clock currentl~ selected?

;no1 16.X clock

005200

INC

I(()

004767 177720
11:
112737 000042 177452
112737 000042 007711
000207

JSR

PC,SETAX1

"°VB
"OVB

t042,@tAtCRE6
t042r@tAUXFLG

RTS

A-21

;set aux Pott baud rater disable
;co11and 8251 ta assert RTS1 DTR1 and disable
lsave a COP~ since AtCREG is write onl~

T-11 Evaluation Modulo Monitor llACRO V05.00 Sund•' 13-Mar-63 04:10 Paso 18

1/0 Initialization and LED Driver

;++

2
3

IOVECT inilialiies the interrupt vectors at locations 601 64, 70r 741 ,,,,
lJOr and 134 to Point to an RTI instruction with Priorit':I 7. It then attaches

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 mm
12 135224
13 135230
14 135234
15 135240
16 135244
17 135246
18 135252
19 135256
20 135262
21 135266
22 135272
23 135276
24 135302
25 135310
26
27 135314
28 135322
29 135330
30 135336
31 135342
32

interruFt service routines for console b.reakr invalid instructiorrr break1>oint1
and L[f) disPla!:I refresh,

The power fail vector is also attached to ar1 !\TI

instructiorH with Ptiorit':I 6.
are disabled.

The LED disPla!:! hardware and Doth ~erial Ports

;-IOVECT::
012700 000060
012701 000014
012no 135676
012720 000340

071105
012720
012720
012700
012720
012720
012720
012720
012737
005037

137114
000340
000010
137334
000340
137174
000340
135344 000104
007676

tt:

;initialize 1/0 vectors and disable irrterruFts
;t5 coded Priorit!:I vectors (2 not usedJ
;set address eleaent to null service ro1Jline
iset Priorit~ level to 7

HOV
KOV
KOV
MOV
KOV
>IOV
KOV

t060,RO
t12 .. Rt
ttNl.lll , IRO> t
t340.!ROlt
RI.ti
tBREAK,IROlt
t340olROH
to10.Ro
!!TRAP, <RO>t
t340o!RO >t
tBRKPT, !ROH
t340olROH

HOV
ClR

tDISPLA,@tlEDIV ;conne<:t LED disPla~ routine
~tKEYf'IV
idisconnect ke':!Press service vector

MOV
MDV
ftOV
ltOV

sos

;connect console break roytine
iPriorits 7 for console break
icor1nect invalid instruction trai>

;conrrect breakpoint trap

fnow disable iriti'rruPi hardware fot Ports
>IOVB
1010.etPIPORC idisat>l• L[D ·Jis'1"
142737 000100 177560
BlCB
tlOO,@tCfRCSR ~disable corisole receiver
BIClf
ttoo,@tCiXCSR :disable console trans1itter
142737 000100 177564
CLRF
@tASCREG
idisable ouxiliars receiver and trar1sDitter
105037 177452
000207
RTS
PC

112737 000010 177444

A-22

T-11 Evaluation Hodul• Honi\or MACRO l/05,00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 04:10
I/O Initialization and LED Driver

Pa~• 19

.ENABL LSB

2
3

DlSPLA is the LED refresh interrupt service routine. It 1ultiPlex~s the
contents of SEGBUf ta the LEDs throush Parallel Port At and checks if a

4
5
6

ke~Pad ke~ has been Pressed.

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 135344
20 135350
21 135352
22 135354
23 135356
24 135362
25 135364
26 135370
27 135372
28 135400
29 135406
30 135412
31 135414
32 135420
33 135422
34
35 135426
36 135432
37 135436
38 135HO
39 135444
40 135450
41 135452
42 135454
43 135462
44 135464
45 135470
46 135474
47 135476
48 135502
49 135506
50 135510
51 135512
52 135514
53 135516
54 135524
55 ll5526
56 135532
57 135534

lf a ke~ has been pressed and the value in

location KEYPIV is not zero, then control will be transferred to the routine
at CKEYPIVl fer interrupt driven kesPad inPut. The ke~Press routine at
CKEYPIVl tust restore R21 R1, and RO frDlll the stack (in that order) before
executirul an RTJ, Note that if the coritents of SPCLSF are nonzero' a flashin~
disPla~ of 1 >: ><
will appear ir1 the LEDs instead of the cor1tents of SEGSUF,
Error'
DISP'LA also C'Ol.H'!ts Ule nu1ber of ti1es it has been called {which is deter1ined
~ the hardware to be 800 tites Per second, when disPla~ refresh is er13bled)
in the location Til1E. The lower 10 bits of TIHE count 0 throu9h 799., and the
UPPer si>< bits count 0 throu9h S9, seconds.

7
8

;--

005237
010046
010146
010246
013700
005100
032700
001016
042737
062737
013700
005100
032700
001002
005037

007730

013700
042700
006300
016001
005737
001422
005001
032737
001015
016001
132700
001410
013702
132700
001001
000302
105002
060201
112737
000301
110137
000301
112737

007730
177770

DISPLA:: INC
ltOV

HOV
HOV

007730

llOV

COH

001440

BIT

001777 007730
002000 007730
007730

BIC

8NE
ADD
llOV

170000

COH
Bil
BNE

007730

CLR
1$:

HOV

etSPCLBf

BED
CLR

31
Rl
1001000,HTll£
3$
ERRSEG<ROJ.Rl
1004,RO
31
@ISPCLBF 1R2
I002,RO
41
R2
R2
R21Rl
1010,PfPIPORC
Rl
Rt.HPIPORA
Rl
1007.HPIPORC

BIT

llOV

BITB
llEO

41:

HOV
BITB
BNE
S11AB
CLRB

000010 177444 3t:

HOVB

177440

KOVB

000007 177444

HOVB

007726
000002

ADD

SWAB
SWAB

jprePare to check for overflow of BOOths

;no overflow
II
1001777.@ITIHE i0Yerflow1 so clear BOOths
1002ooo.em11E ;an~ add 1 second
icheck if overflow past 60 seconds
@ITIHE,RO
RO
1170000,RO
;no overflow of seconds
11
i~es' so clear the whole thin!
HTlllE

HOV

BNE
135756
000004

;preserve resisters

TSl

ASL

001000 007730

;kee~ a count of BOOths ot seconds in TIME

RO.-!SPl
Rl•-<SPl
R2,-!SPI
HTll£•RO
RO
1001440,RO

e1n1tE.RO
t1777701RO
RO
St:GBIJF!ROJ.Rl

BIC

007712
007726

A-23

istriP RO to 1ake it a aultiPlex address
jaake it a word index
;get seS1ent data for this di9it Pair
;is there a s,ecial error disPla~?
;no
itMJe for approx. 1/3 of each second
;flashing error ~essase1 no less
;iet se!l1ent data for ' Error'
;is this disit 2 or 3?
ino1 so no overlay on u~f'er disPla~
jget overlay characters
iis this digit 3?
idi!ht 3 character- is in Uf'i:-er bYte
;swap for disit 2
;save onlY UPPer disPlaY character
;c-oabine UPPIH and lower dis.Pl~~ characters
iturn Gff disPla~, enable UF'Per disPla'3 latch
;set UPPer disPla~ data in lower bYte
ioutPut uPPer disPla'3 data
;back to lower displa~ data
jdisPla~ still off, but uPPer latch closed

T-11 Evaluation llodule Kooitor MACRO VOS, 00 Sunda' 13-Kar-83 04!10

p,~.

19-1

1/0 Initialization and LED Driver
58 1~542 110137 177440
59 135546 010001
60 135550 006201
61 135552 110137 177444
62 135556 000240
63 135560 113702 177544
64 135564 042702 177417
65 135570 060002
66 135572 013701 007704
67 135576 001413
6B 135600 074201
69 135602 001420
70 135604 032701 000016
71 135610 001027
72 135612 032701 000360
73 135416 001424
74 135620 005037 007704
75 135624 000421
76
77 135626 004767 000046
78 135632 005701
79 135634 100415
BO 135636 010237 007704
Bl 1™42 000412
82
BJ 135644 052737 100000 007704
84 135652 005737 007676
BS 135656 001404
B6 135660 004767 000014
B7 135664 000177 052006
88
B9 135670 012602
90 135672 012601
91 135674 012600
92 135676 000002
93
94 135700 010200
95 135702 000300
96 135704 042700 007777
97 135710 012701 000004
9B 135714 006300
99 135716 103013
100 135720 001013
101 135722 005301
102 135724 006302
103 135726 060201
104 135730 042701 177740
105 135734 006202
106 135736 010200
107 135740 042700 177761
IOB 135744 000207
109
110 135746 077116
111 135750 012701 177777
112 135754 000770
113
114

KOVB
llOV
ASR
KO\IB
NOP
KOVB
BIC
ADD
llOV

R!.!tPIPORA
RQ,Rl
RI
Rl,!tPIPORC

XOR
BEQ
BIT
BNE
BIT
BEQ
CLR
BR

elPIPORD,R2
t177417,R2
RO,R2
!tDEBNCE,RI
SI
R2,RI
61
t000016,R1
21
t000360•RI
21
!tDEBHCE
21

ss:

JSR
TST
BK!
llOV
BR

pc,71
Rl
21
R2,etDEBNCE
2l

6t:

BIS
TST
Brn
JSR
JKP

!tKEYPIV
2l
PC,7•
eKEYPIV

BEO

ioutPut lower disPlaY data
i1ultiPlex disit address (byte index)
iturn on display
inow do keYPad inPut,,,
;~.eYPad ret•1rn 1irres in bi ts 4 to 7
;clean UP keYPad data
;co1bine index and return data
;set a scratch COPY of debounce st;ote resister
;not debouncins a ke':!' take 2 r1e1,,: onE-

itotal 1atch1 take it as a keYPress

ico1Pare 1ultiPlex address field
inot the saae1 so isnore it
icoaPare return line field
;sa~e ke~ held1 so iSnore it
ino lonSer saae ke~ Pressed, so reset state

;convert positional bit to nu1ber
iis this a valid ~.eY depression?
inor so isnore it
;yes1 take it and wait for confiraation

ttOOOOOr@tDE!'INCE;1ake sure we set onlY one keYPress per keY
ido we have an active vector?
;nor discard ke!:IPress
i!iet a useful key nu~ber in R1
iPass it to attached s@rvice routine

KOV
KOV
KOV
•NULLI : : RT!

ISPlt.R2
ISP)f ,RI
ISP)t.RO

;service routine at @KEYPIV should also restore
;the resisters in this 1anner

7t:

BNE
DEC
ASL
ADO
BIC
ASR
KOV
BIC
RTS

R2,RO
RO
t007777,RO
t4•RI
RO
9l
IOI
RI
R2
R2•RI
1177740,RI
Rl
R2,RO
tl77761,RO
PC

i1ake a scratch COPY
i1ove key data to uPPer byte
H:.eeP on}y return line data
;shift out 4 bits 1a::
ishift out a bit, look for a one
;didn't find it
i1ore than one true bit--invalid data
iRl is now 3, 2, 11 or 0
ileast two bits are 0
icolbine oultiPle;: address and Positional count
iclean UP key code
; restore R2

SOB
KOV

RloBI
tl77777,Rl

Ill

ikee? searchins
iindicate invalid data
;restore and exit

2t!

at:

11s:

9S:
lOS:

llOV
SWAB
BIC
KOV
ASL

ace

.DSABL LSB

A-24

; restore RO

1-11 Evaluation Hodul• llonitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-ltar-83 04tl0 Pase 19-2
J/O Initialization and LED Driver
115 135756 000120 000134 000120 ERRS£Gt .WORD
116 135764 000120 000171 000000
.WORD

120.134,120
12o.i71,ooo

; r, o' r
irr [, <;;Pace

T-ll Evaluation Hodule Monitor MACRO VoS.oO Sund•> 13-Mar-83 0~:10 Pase 20
I/0 Initialization and LED Driver

.S8TTl LED DisPla~ SuP?ort Routines

2
3

;++

DSPI•IG ta~-.r:•s a hex nu1ber in the lower 4 bits of RO and disPlass the
Rl = 0
to index the rightaost lower LED disit1 = 1 to index the ;ighttost 1Jf'Per
LED diSitr • .,, = 13 lo indi!~{ the left111ost •JFf't::r LEP. disit. Re+,1Jrr1s Rt
inc:reaented b'!J 2 to index the next di1it to the left en the sa111e disPl<::::1
row,

5
6

corresPor1din!l seg1ent f'attern on the LED di!lit. indexed ti<J Rt.

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Uses:

Hex value lo be disPla~ed
Index to LED di!lit on which to disPlas it

Returns:
RO
RI

Previous value with bits 15. throuSh 4 cleared
Previous value f 2

;--

IB
19
20 135772
21 135776
22 136002
23 136004
24 136012
25 136014
26
27 136016
136021
28 136022
136025
29 136026
136031
30 136032
136035
31
32

042700 177760
DSPDIG::m
C!tP
020127 000013
101004
BHI
116-061 136016 007712
"OVB
TST
005721
000207
It:
RTS

1177760,RO
R11to0001J
;1axil'tM value for di!:lit index
1$
Pout-of-r<Jnge, so isnore call
HEXSEGCROJ.SEGBUFCR11 ;diSPla. disi\
(Rl)f
;index next digit of saae disPla~ level
PC

006

133 llEXSEG: : , BYTE

077,006.133,111 ;o, 1, 21 3

146
007

155

175

.am

146,15511751007 ;4, 5, 61 7

177

157

.BYTE

177115711671174 ;g, 91 Ar b

174
071

136

171

.BYTE

071,136d71r161 ;c, dr E1 F

077
117

1&l

.EVEN

A-25

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor liACRO V05,00 Sund"' 13-ftar-BJ 04110
LED DisPla~ Support Routines
I
2
3
4
5
6
7

it+
DSPUNH and DSPLHH tali.e full words in R2 and write octal nuabers to the UPPer
and lower LED disPla~s' resPectivel~.
Uses:

20 136054

21 136060
22 130062
23 136066
24 130072
25 136074
26 136076
27 136100
28 136102
29 136104
30 136106
31 136110
32
33
34

Octal value to be disPla~ed

RO
RI

Contains sarba!ie

Returns:

B
9

10
11
12
13 136036
14 136042
15
16 136044
17
18 136050
19 136052

Pase 21

Contains !larba.!le

;-DSPUHH: :ttOV
BR

lloRI
DSPNUH

iindex uPPer disPla~

000402

012701 000000

DSPLNM: :

"°"'

IOoRI

;index lower disPla~

010246
010346
012703 000006
010200
042700 177770
004767 177700
000241
006002
006202
006202
077312
012603
012602
000207

DSPNUltl HOV
HOV
HOV
1$!
HOV
DIC

R2o-CSPl
R3.-CSPl
16oR3
R2oRO
117777o.RO
PCoDSPDJG

iPreserve R2
;set a scratch re~ister

012701 000001

JSR
CLC
ROR
ASR
ASR
SOB
HOV
HOV
RTS

R2
R2
R2
R3olf
CSPlloR3
CSPlt.R2
PC

A-26

icount 6 di.!lits
i1ove octal di!lit to RO
i1ake sure it 1 s octal
idisPli':I diSit
i1ove to ne}:t octal di!lit

ido five di!lits

1 Evaluation Kodule Monitor llACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-ltir-83 04:10 f'ase 22
r DiSPla!I SUPPort Routines
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10

itt

DSPHAtt is a routine to disPla!:I nates of reSistersr etc, on u~Per disPla~.
R2 Points to the 1essase to be disPla~ed, The 1essase shoul·1 be a string
ot b b!:ltes corresPondin!! to the ses1er1t Patterns for each LEU disit1 startinS
with the riSht1ost diSit.
Uses:

Pointer to strin!! ot sesaent f'atterris

RI
RO

Contains sarbase
Contains sarba!!e

Returns:

11
i·12
13
DSPNAH: :Hll1J
14 136112 012701 000001
15 136116 010246
HOV
ASL
16 136120 006302
Hll1J
17 136122 010200
ASL
18 13612! 006302
ADD
19 136126 060002
HOV
20 136130 012700 000006
HOVB
21 136134 116261 136154 007712 1$:
TST
22 136142 005721
me
23 136144 005202
SOB
24 136146 077006
HOV
25 136150 012602
RTS
26 136152 000207
27
077 NAHTBL: ! , BYTE
28 136154
000
000
000
l361S7
120
000
,BYTE
29 136162
000
006
000
000
000
136165
120
.BYTE
30 136170
000
133
000
000
136173
000
120
.BYTE
31 136176
000
ooo 117
000
120
000
136201
146
.BYTE
000
32 136204
000
000
000
136207
120
155
.em
000
33 136212
000
000
000
mm
120
163
.BYTE
34 136220
000
000
000
000
136223
15S
071
.BYTE
35 136226
000
000
000
000
136231
163
!SS
.BYTE
36 136234
000
000
000
000
136137
163
.BYTE
136
167
37 136242
120
163
124
38 136145
170
136
.BYTE
39 136250
120
000
.BYTE
167
000
40 136253
136
171
.BYTE
075
41 136256
000
.BYTE
000
000
42 136261
120
124
.BYTE
170
43 136264
006
.BYTE
174
110
44 136267
163
,BYTE
124
170
45 136272
133
174
.BYTE
110
46 136275
163
170
124
.BYTE
47 136300
117
.BYTE
174
48 136303
163
120

.am

iindex UPPer disPla~
II.RI
R2.-!SPl
1Preserve aessa!!e index
itultiPhl it b!:I 6
R2
R2,RO
R2
ROtR2
16,RO
icharacter count
NAHTBL!R2l,SEGBUf!Rll ;1ove sesaent data to LED buffer
iindex neMt LED disit
IRllt
iindev. next character
R2
Ro.11
ido six characters
ISPl+.R2
irestore R2
PC
Or01077r12010,o ; ' rO
Or0100611201-010 ;• rl
010113311201010 ;• r2
0,0,117,120,0,0 ;• r3
0,0,14611201010 ;• r4
Or011SSr120rOrO ;• r5
010!16311551010 ;•

Or0r071rl63,010 i' PC
01011551163r010 i 1 f'S
120,136r167
170r124'163
000rl20r136
136r 167.000
000.015.111
120.000.000
006r17o.t24
163r110,!74
133'17o.!24

163r l20r174
117.1701124
163.t1Q.174

A-27

i 'f'ntAdr 1
j• Addr '

;• r(G '
; 'b-rPnt1'
;

brPnt2 1

i 'brPnt3'

T-11 Evaluation ~odule Monitor HllCRO VOS, 00 Sund•• 13-~ar-83 01:10 Pa!ie 22-1
LED DisPla':I' Sw>Port Routines
49 136306
so 136311
SI 1363H
52 130317
53 136322
54 136325
55 136330
56 130333
57

H6
163
000
034
060
124
170
163

170
120
130
161
134
134
120
200

124
174
124
000
155
071
134
167

,BYTE
.BYTE
.BYTE

.am

.BYTE
.BYTE

.BYTE

m.110.124
16311201174
0001130r124
034.161·000
06011341155
124.134.071
17o.!20.134
163,200'167

.EVEN

A-28

;'brPnt4'
i' Fune '

;•conS01•
; 'A,Pol't'

T-11 Evaluation Hodule ftonitor HACl!O V05,00 Sunda' !J-Har-83 04:10 P••e 23

LED fiiSPla~ Suf>1>ort Routines

;++
2
3
4
5
6 136336
7 136342
B
9 136344
10
11 136350
12 136354
13 136360
H 136362
15 136364
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

BLNKLO and B.lHkHI are routines to erase the seSaent data ir1 the lower and
UPPer LED buffersr resPectiYel~. Returns Sarbase in RO and R!.

;--

012701 000000
000402

BLNKLo::HOV
BR

to.RI
BLNKDS

iindex lower disPla~

012701 000001

BLNKHI : : "ov

It.RI

iindex uPPer disPla~

012700 000006
105061 007712
005721
077004
000207

BLNKDS: HOV
ts:
CLRB
TST

t6,RO
SEBBUF<RlJ

icount 6 disits
iblank a di!lit
;index next diSit of sa1e disPla~ level
;do six diSits

SOB
RTS

(Rllt

Ro.ti
PC

it+
DSPDEC takes a nu1ber in Rt and an index to either second-fro•-lhe-left LED
di3it in R2 and disPla~s the nutber as a deciaal value ori the corresPor1dins
LED di<its. R2 = 10 to index the lower row of LEDs1 = 11 far the uP?er row.

The leftaost LED disits are not affected. To dis?laY a two's co11F"lei€rit
deci•al ._,al•.Jet call this routine fro• another routine1 which Places a 1inus
siYi in tile left10st LEO disit and Passes the absolute value of the n1J1ber
to be disPla~d to this routir1e.

23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30
31
31
33
34
35 136366
36 136372
37 136174
38 136376
39 136402
40 136404
41 136406
42 136412
43 136416
44 136420
45 136422
46 136426
47 136430
48 136432
49 136434
50

Uses:

RI
R2

Deci1al value to be disPlaYed
Index to LED row on which to disPlaY it

Returns:
RO, Rt, Contain SarbaSe
R2, R3
;--

004767
010146
010201
004767
005742
012601
012703
004767
010146
010201
004767
005742
012601
077311
000207

015662

DSPDEC: :JSR

"ov

177370
000004
015576
177344

tt:

"OV
JSR
TST
HOV
HOV
JSR
HOV
HOV
JSR
TS!
MDV
SOB
RTS

PC,BINASl
Rh-ISP)
R2,Rl
Pc.DSPnIG
-<R2i
<SP>+.RI
14•R3
PC,BIHASC
Rt.-(5P)
R2,R1
PC.OSPDIG
-(R2>
ISPJ+.Rl
RJ.11
PC

A-29

iset lOOOO's diSit
;save re1ainder
; index left LEI1 di Sit
jdisPla~ deri1al diSit
iindex next digit
i1ake a counter
;striP a diSit fro1 Rl
Ps~itch resisters
PdisPlaY deci1al disit
iindex next disit to the riSht
;set back deci1al nu~ber
ido six diSits

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor HACRO V05,0-0 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 24
LED DisPliY &Jpport Routines

;++
KEYGET turns on the LEDs and waits ror a keYPress. The kes nutber or lhe
k~ that was Pressed is ret1Jrned in Rl. The keYs are nuaOered as follows:
00 -- [CLRJ
12 -- [ b J
01 -- r 1 J
t3 -- r 9 J
02 -- [ 4 J
14 -- CAC•Vl

3
4
5
6
7

03 -- C7 J
04 -- c o l
OS -- r 2 l
06 -- r 5 J
07 -- r B l
10 -- CEXAJ
11 -- ( 3 J

8
9

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

15 -- CBACJ
16 -- CREGl
17 -- rADRJ
20 -- CSSTJ
21 -- [GO l
22 -- rBPIJ
23 -- !FNCJ

Uses!
Returns:

Contains nuaber of keY that was Pressed

KEYPIV Cleared
SPCLBf Cleared
PS

Priority reduced to 5

;--

24
25 136436 012737 136470 007676 KEY GET ::HOV
llOVB
26 136444 112737 00-0007 177444
27 136452 106701
Hf PS
28 136454 120127 000277
CHPB
BLOS
29 136460 101402
HIPS
30 136462 106427 000240
1$:
BR
31 136466 000777
32
KEYGfl: CLR
33 136470 005037 007676
CLR
34 136474 0-05037 007n6
HOV
35 136500 012602
ISi
36 136502 005726
HOV
37 136504 012600
ISi
38 IJ6506 005726
HIPS
39 136510 106426
RTS
40 136512 000207
41

tKEY6El,@tKEYPIUilink inPut routine to keYPress vector
1007, etPSPORC ;Uirn on LED disPlaYs

RI
R!.1277

;Priority 5 is 1axi1u1 for LEDs to oPerate

1240

;set Priority S
;wait for ke'SPress

HKEYP!V

;disconnect keYPress vector
;turn off flashinS error, if an1::1
frestore R2
;discard old Rl

a
a

~ISPCLBf

CSPlt.R2
(5Plt
<SPlt1RO
<SPJ+
<SP It
PC

A-30

irestore RO

idiscord return address
ibut rePlace PS b~te

ireturn to caller of KEYGET

T-11 Evaluation "odule "°"itor llACRO VOS,00 Sunda' 13-"ar-83 04:10 Pase 25

LED DisPla~ SuPPort Routines
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12 136514 116101 136522
13 !36520 000207
14
15 136522
012
16 136523
001
17 136524
004
1B 136525
007
19 136526
000
20 136527
002
21 136530
005
22 136531
010
23 136532
013
24 136533
003
25 136534
006
26 136535
011
27 136536
377
28 136537
377
29 136540
377
30 136541
377
31 136~2
377
32 136543
377
33 136544
377
34 136545
377
35
36

;++
KEYBCD translates the ke~ nuatier in Rt into a BCD value far the ke~s 0 tu 9,
12 lor the CLR ke'' 013 lor the EXA ke'' and -1 for all other ;,,,,
Uses:

Ke~ nuaber

to be translated

Translated value

Returns:

;-KEYBCD::ttOVB
RTS

BCDTBI. !RI loRI
PC

;translate Rl into BCD cod@

BCDTBL: ,BYTE
.BYTE

012
001
004
007
000
002
005
010
013
003
006
011
377
377
377
377
377
377
377
377

llCLRJ

.em

.BYTE
,BYTE

.em

.BYTE
.BYTE

.BYTE

.em

.BYTE

,BYTE

.em

,BYTE

.em

,BYTE

.em
,BYTE

;( I l
;[ 4 l
;[ 7 l
l[ 0 l
;[ 2 )
;c 5 l
H Bl
;[[XAl
;c 3 J
;r 6 l
l[ 9 l
; CADVl
;[BACJ
i[REGJ

aADDl

assn
HGO J

lfFHCl

,f\IEN

A-31

T-11 EYalu•tion Hodul• ltonitor M!ICRO VOS.00 Sundas 13-Har-83 04!!0 Pase 26
LEO 8isPlaY SuPPort Routints
1

;++

NUMGET disP'l~s the current valin of R2 in the lower row of lEDs1 leaving, the

UPPer row intact. The ke'jl'ad is enabled to allow the user to aodifs the value

ir1 R2 with the 0 - 7 arid CLR lc.e'JS•

6
7

altered or not, when the user ?r-esses EXA,

Uses:

The value in R2 is returned, whether

Initial val1Je

R2
f .CHAN
RI
RO

New value (if chansed)
f'la!i in FLAGS1 is set if R2 was i:han~edt cleared otherwise
Contains garbase
Contains !iarbag,e

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17 136546
18 ms54
19 136560
20 136564
21 136570
22 136572
23 136574
24 136600
25 136602
26 136604
27 136610
28 136612
29 136620
30 136622
31 136624
32 136632
33 136634

34 136636
35 136640
36 136642
37
38 136644
39 136646
40 136654
41
42 136656

Returns:

;--

042737 000002 007706 Nl.ltlGET: :~IC
1l!
JSR
004767 17n64
JSR
004767 mm
004767 177724
JSR
TST
005701
BHT
100770
CHF·
020127 000012
Bffl
101026
9EQ
001420
020117 000010
CHP
103361
BHIS
032737 000002 007706
m
001004
BNE
005002
ClR
BIS
052737 000002 007706
ASL
006302
~·:
ASL
006302
ASL
006302
ADD
060102
BR
000744

tf,CHANoetFLAGSl;show R2 hasn't chansed Yet
;disr-la!:I value in R2 on lower LEDs
PC,DSPLNH
PCoKEYGET
iwait for a kesPress
iconvert ke~ nulber into BCD
PCoKEY8CD
;was it a legal ke~?
RI
;no, 9et another
11
iwas it nuaeric?
R!.1012
ino1 it was EXA/ENT1 ;o return valui! in R2
21
fnot it was clear
31
;was it 8 or 9 {not valid octal disitsJ?
RlotOIO
i~es1 so i~nore it
II
tF 1CHAN1@tFlAGSl ;has R2 been chan!!ed ~et?
;~es1 just scroll in ke~
41
ielse clear old value first
R2
IF, CHAH1@tFlAGSl; indicate it has been chan.!:led
t•ake space fnr new di9it
R2
R2
R2
tscroll ir1 new di!!i t
RloR2
iaccePt additional digits
11

Jt:
005002
052737 000002 007706
000737

CLR

;clear nu.ber for CLR ke~
tf ,CHANo@tfLAGSl;show R2 chansed
11

000207

RTS

2s:

ireturn value

A-32

T-11 Evaluatioo ltodule Monitor KACRO V05.00 Sunda' 13-Kar-83 04:10

Pa~e

LED DisPla'=I Support Routines

.SBTTL Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Code

2
3
4
5

;+t
tSTART is the PoweruP initialzation routiner which is executed after the
diagnostics are co1Pleted,

;--

7
B

9 136660
10 136662
11 136666
12 136670
13 136672
14 136676
15 136704
16 136712
17 136720
18 136726
19 136734
20 136742
21 136750
22
23
24
25
2.1
27
28
29
30
31 136752
32 136756
33 136762
34 136766
35
36 136774
37 137000
38

005000
012701
005020
077102
010537
012737
112737
112767
012737
012737
012737
012737
000402

SSTART: :CLR

014000
ll!

007726
007400
000050
000116
135676

007746
007710
050544
007702
135676 000024
000340 000026
007320 007462

llOV
CLR
SOB
KOV
KOV
KOVB
KOVB
KOV
KOV
KOV
KOV
BR

RO
tl4000,R1
CROlt
Rlo!I
RS,HSPCLBF
tSCRPAD,@HSP
t050,!tCOHFL6
t116,IF8251

;clear RAH fro1 0 to 27777

iPut ?ower-uP error code on LEDs
;set I.JP user stack Pointer

iset default baud rates
;set default value for 8251 1ode byte
tSNULLlr@tUSERVSiinitialize user's interrupt vector
llNULLl o@t24
iPf Point~ at 1"11Jll
t340o@t26
tTBLTOP1@tTBLBOTiinitialize e.PlY sYabol table
idon't clear error disPlaY
IHALTt4

i++
SHALT is the routine invoked b'=I the HALT buttonr the HALT L line on the
board, and the HALT instl'1JC'tion. It saves the Processor re!lister-s tmd the
contents of USERIV and KEYPIV if a user Pro!lra1 was r·unnin!I. It also
i>erfor1s a bus reset and reinitialization of Peripheral chiPs before
invokin!I the ke~Pad 1onitor.

;-005037
0047.17
004767
042737

tHALT:: CLR
007726
JSR
000022
176110
JSR
177377 007706
BIC

004767 176224
000167 000564

JSR
JllP

irlear error rode on LEDs, if ans
etSPCLBF
;save context and fix user SP
PCoUCSAVE
;assert RESET line and reinitialize Ports
PCdOINIT
t177377o@IFLAGSl;reset oodeo set ke•••d co..and •ntr•
;1eave f" .BRKA so breakpoints will be reaaved
;1a)..e sure interrupt vectors aren't da1a!!ed
PColOVECT
IKONIT
;enter 10nitor

A-33

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor KACRO V05 , 00 Sunda• 13-ltar-S3 04:10 Pa!ie 28
Error Condition and Start.up Entr~ Code

;++

2
3
4
5
6
7 137004
S 137010
9 137016
10 137020
11 137024
12 137030
13 137036
14 137042
15 137046
16 137052
17 137056
IS 137062
19 137066
20 137072
21 137100
22 137106
23 137112
24

UCSAVE sJves the processor resisters and the contents of USERIV and KEYPIV
if a user Pro~ra1 was running, It also initializes the 1onitor stack.

;-012637
032737
001433
012637
112637
042737
010637
010037
010137
010237
010337
010437
010537
013737
042737
012706
000207

007460
UCSAVE: : HOV
000100 007706
BIT

srn

007750
007752
177400 007752
007746
007732
007734
007736
007740
007742
007744
007676 007700
000100 007706
007460

ltO\I

1s:

HOVB
BIC
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
SIC
HOV
RTS

(SP>+,~tSTACK-2

;1ove return address to 1onitor stack

tf .usER,@tFLAGS1 i runnins user code?
;no
1$

;~es1 save user context, starting with PC
<SPl+.HIPC
;PS next
<SPlloHIPS
1177400oHIPS iPrevent sisn extension
SP.@tlSP
ifh: and save stack Pointer
;save RO,
ROoHIRO
;R11
Rt.HIRl
R2o!llR2
iR2r
iRJ,
R3,HIR3
;R4, •nd
R4oHIR4
;Rs
R5oHIR5
@IKEYP!Vo@IKEYPVS
isave user ke~press vector

tF.USER1@tFLAGS1ishow that user context has been saved
;go to 1onitor stack
tSTACK-2oSP
iand return to callins routine in 1onitor
PC

;++

26
27
28

BREAK is the console break interrupt service routine. It is si1ilar to HALT
except that it does not invoke the ke!:IPad 1ooitor if the console 1onitor wa::.
runni~ previousl~.
The host aode is terainated b~ BREAK,

29
30
31
32 137114
33 137120
34 137124
35 137130
36 137136
37 137144
3S 137152
39 137156
40 137162
41 137166
42 137172
43

;-005737
004767
004767
042737
012737
142737
113700
052700
010037
012700
000466

177562
BREAK!! TST
177660
JSR
175746
JSR
035377 007706
BIC
133000 000060
HOV
000007 007710
BICB
007710
HOVB
BIS
000002
HOV
177564
000001
HOV
BR

;acknowledse interru?t
tsave user context
iassert RESET line and reinitialize ports
t0353771@tFLAGS1;initialize •onitor ~odes
tLINEIN1@tCOHIN ;hook UP console inPut service routine
t007oetCONFLG iclear console line fla~s (but not speed)
@tCONFLGoRO
; set current baud rate
;enable ?ro!i. baud rate, disable xtit interrupt
t000002oRO
;transfer control word to console Port
RMtmcSR
; indicate car.sole break service
ti.RO
;so to fatal error har1dler to reenter 1onitor
FERROO
HCIRBUF
PC,UCSAVE
PColDINIT

A-34

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Honitor HACRD V05,00 Sunda' JJ-Har-83 04:10 Pafe 29
Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Code
2
3
4

i+t
BRkPT is the breakpoint service routine. If invoked ftol a user ProSra•, the
Processor context is saved, If invoked in response to a 1onitor breakpoint
rather than a sin~le steP or user breakPointr the PC value saved fro1 lhe
Previous context is adjusted to Point to the location which contained the
it0nitor breakpoint.

s
6
7

9
10 137174 106427 000340
II 137200 004767 177600
12 137204 032737 001000 007706
13
14 137212 001405
15 137214 042737 001000 007706
16 137222 000167 002466
17
18 137226 032737 000200 007706
19 137234 001155
20 137236 032737 000400 007706
21 137244 001430
22 13n46 013701 007750
23 137252 005741
24 137254 012700 007760
25 137260 012702 000004
26 137264 022001
27 137266 001403
28 137270 005720
29 137272 077204
30 137274 000414
31
32 13727.\ 052737 020000 007706
33 137304 010137 007750
34 137310 052737 001000 007706
35 137316 032737 002000 007706
36 137324 001521
37 137326 012700 000002
38 137332 000406
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46 137334 106427 000340
47 137340 004767 177440
48 137344 012700 000003
49

j--

BRKPT:: ttTf'S

JSR

t340
PCoUCSAVE

;disable interrupts in case Vl!'Ctor is da1aSed
;save user context
tF,BRKGrftFLAGSJ;are we sinsle stePPinS throush a break

BEU
&IC
JHP

inor so chec~, if sir1:He ster> or new break.Point
tf ,BRKG1PtFLAGSt;reset ccmdition
$60
iirrstall breakPoints and resute execution

BIT
BNE
BIT
llEU
lfflV

tr. SST.etFLAGSl ;are we single stePPinS~
$1tOOIT
i-:1esr so not a brea~.Point--ente-r 1onitor

;l"oint

2tl

TST
HOV

4tl

llOV
CIW
BEQ

TST
SO&

PR
Jt:

m
llOV

915
BIT

ss:

BEU
llOV

tF.BRKA1@tFLAGSt;are breakpoints installed?
ino--user ProSra• contairis BRK1 so si!:lnal error
51
HIPC,Rl
hiet user PC
-(Rll
;bick UP to BRK instruction
tBRKFiloRO
;index breakpoint file
t4oR2
ifour entries in file
(lffi)+.RI
idid we in fact encounter a breakPoint?
31
jyes, so adJust re, ri0 error 1essaSe
;advance to next entry
<ROH
R2,41
5$

;r10 1atch--pro9ra1t contains BRK ••• siSnal error

tF,TBASr@tFLAGSl;snow we need to Print break Point 1essase
R11H$PC
;fix PC
tF.ttRKG1@tFlAGS1;show ~e need to sinsle step
tF,KEYf,~tFLAGS!;no 1essaSe if in ke~Pad 1ode
lllONIT
iso just enter tonitor
hndicate breat.point ser1,1ice
ti.RO
;go lo fatal error handler to reer1ter 111onitor
FERR OR

it+

ITRAP is the ille9al instruction trap routine. If a user Prosra1 was running,
the J)l'ocessor conte>:t is saved before invokin3 the 1onitor.

;-!TRAP!: !TPS
JSR

!OV

mo
PC,UCSAVE
13oRO

A-35

idisable interrupts in case vector is da1ased
;sa1,1e user context
;indicate invalid instruction t~aP

T-11 Evalua<ion llodule Honi<or HACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 30

Error Condition and StartUP Entry Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B 137350
9 137352
10 137356
11 137360
12 137362
13 137370
14 137372
15 137376
16 137402
17 137406
IB 137412
19
20 137414
21 137422
22
23 137424
24 137426
25 137430
26 137432
27
28 137434
137442
29 137446
JO 137450
137456
137464
JI 137470
32 137472
137500
137506
137514
33 137520
34 137522
137530
137:i36
35 137540
36
37 137542
JB 137:i44
39 137546
40 IJ?:iSO
41 137:i52
42 137554
43
44

;+t
FERROR sisnals errors for the above routines and others in the keYPad aonitor.
If the keYPad 1onitor is runnins, the errors are diSPlaYed on the LEDs. For
the console 1onitor, the error 1essa9es are disPlaYed on the console,

;-010046
004767
012600
006300
032737
001411
016002
004767
004767
005037
000466

175646

FERROR: :HOV
JSR
HOV
ASl

RO.-<SPl
PC,!O\lECT
(SPlt.RO
RO

;save error number

;•al:.e sure lnterruPt vectors. aren't daaaged
;ge.t error nu1ber
iturn it into an index

002000 001706

137422
174122
174360
007630
2$!

llEQ
HOV
JSR
JSR
CLR
BR

IHONIT

016037 137542 007726 1$!
0004.!2

HOV
BR

FERCHR(ROl,@tSPCLBF
IHONIT

137434
137450
137472
137522

FHESAG: : , WORD
,WORD
.WORD
,WORD

012446
070511
000000
007525
055240
076732
000000
035206
055214
053605
021025
000000
035206
076453
076732
000000

074444 017502 FHESGI: .RAD50
042300
.WORD
003770 063141 FHESG2: , RAD50
020563 060426
017740
.WORD
004051 014411 FHESGJ: , RA050
071713 077167
054007 102604
014400
.WORD
004051 014423 FMESG4: ,RADSO
042320 057466

120
174
163
124
163
006

.WORD
076
071
174
006
155
174

FERCHR: : , BYTE
.BYTE
,BYTE

.BYTE
.BYTE
.BYTE
.EVEN

tF.KElPrftFLAGSl;are we in keYPad aode1
hwsr so rio console aessase
11
FflESAG-2<RO>rR2 istart address of selected 1essa~
PC,CRLF
PC.PRINT

FHESG1
FHESG2
FHESG3
FHESG4

;send <CR> <LF>

iPrint radix-50 1essaSe
jaake sure nothing left in btJffer
;?ut two rhartlt'ter error code on LEDs

;~ointers to error 1essases

/CONSOLE BREAK/
0
/BREAK POINT ENCOUNTERED/

0
/INVALID INSTRUCTION ENCOUNTERED/

0
/INVALID STACK POINTER/

0
120.076
174'071
163'174
124.006
163'155
0-00,174

A-36

;r,u (Ur Error)
;b,c <Cb Error)
;p,ti (bP Error)

;n,I {In Error)
;p,s (SP Error)
;[,b (bl Errorl

T-11 Evaluation Hodulo Honitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• ll-Har-BJ 04!10 Paoe Jl
Error CMd.itior1 and Startup Entrv Code
I

2 I
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 137556
11 137560
12 1l7564
ll 137570
14 137576
15 ll7600
16 137604
17 1l7610
18 137612
19 137614
20 137620
21 137622
22 137624
23 137626
24 137630
25 137634
26 137642
27 137644
28 137650
29 137654
30
31 137662
32 137670
33 137672
34
35 137676

;++
HONITl is the 1ooitor entrv Point to be used for nor1al exit fro1 user
The PTOCl?liisor conte-xt is saved, except for the PC, which retair1s
IHONIT is the
entr':l point used blJ aonitor routines after the Processor conte;~t has tieer1

Pro!lra1s.

its previous value so that the ?rosra1 can be r1Jn a!lain,

saved.

;-106746
013746
004767
032737
001426
012700
016001
001404
005720
016011
005740
024040
005700
100366
013704
032737
001404
004767
004767
042737

ltONITI: : HFPS
007750
llOV
177214
JSR
000400 007706 IHONIT:lBIT
Brn
000014
HOV
3$:
007760
HOV
BEO
TST
007760
"ov
TST
4$:
C!U'
TST
BPL
007750
"ov
020000 007706
BIT
BEG
015400
JSR
015314
JSR
030400 007706 2$!
BIC

-ISPl
PUf'C,-CSPl
PC•UCSAVE

;but keep Previous user PC value

isave user conte~t

tF.BRt;A,@tFLAGSl;breakPoints currentl':j installed?
21
t014,RO
BRKFIUROl •RI
41

ino
i index last breab•oint address

;set breakPoint address
it.his breakPoint is not defined
;point to Previous contents

IROlt
BRKFIL<ROI dR!I i restore contents of' breab•oint
-<ROl
;go bac~ to address
-<ROl.-<ROl
tbact,tJp to next address
RO
JI
ido four entries
HIPC,R4
;point to next location
tF.TS~s,etFL~GS1isee if we should Print aessase
ibranch it not
21
; t>::JPe address
PC,TYPADR
PC,TYPLOI
idisasse1ble next irislruction
tF, BRM!F, APPL tr, !BAS, etFLAGS1 i indicate brea~.Points re1oved

;and enable break on ~c
032737 002000 007706
001402
000167 003026
000167 000276

lt:

tf,KElP,~tFlAGS1;ke,,ad 1ode?

BIT
BEG
JHP

11
CHON IT

JHP

KHONIT

,REPT
.BYTE
.ENDR

<140000-.>
0

36
37
38
39

iPush PSr PC like fro1 a trar

000076

A-37

i':les' so to ~-e':IPad aonitor

;and So to console 1anitor

T-11 Evalu•tion Hodule Honitor llllCRO VOS,00 Svnd•Y 13-H•r-63 04!10 Pa!e 32
Error Condition and StartUP EnttY Code
1

.SBTTL En\rs Points

2
3
4

MONITOR ENTRY POINTS!

6
7
6 140000 000167 015330

;-START!! JHP

OIAONO

Pdo dia~nostics1 then initialize 1onitor

RSTART!!JHP

$HALT

;HALT instructions and halt line vector

10 140004 000167 176742
11
12
13 140010 000167 177542
14
15
16
17

lsave context arid restart 1or1itor
ltONITR! !JHP

ltONITl

ifro1 user Pro~ra1t1 save conte::t anlj re11ove

;breakPoints

;++
KEYPAD/LEO UTILITY ENTRY POINTS!

IS
19

;--

20
21 140014 000167 17S7S2
22
23
24
25
26
27 140020 000167 176012

OGDISP: : JHP

llSPD!G

in RO bits 3 to O as a hex
;di9it at LED Position indexed b~ Rl,
iR1=121l0106104t02100 -- lower disPla~ di~its
iRl=tJ,11,07,05,03,01 -· uP"?er disPlaY d1Sits
iR& bits 15 to 4 are cleared, 2 is added to Rl

U?DISP:: JtlP

DSPUHH

iDisPla~ nuaber

LODISP: :JHP

DSPLNH

iDisPlaY nU11ber in R2 as a 6 diSit octal value
;in the lower row ot LEDs. Returns 14 in Rl
iand sarba9e in RO.

DECDSP: : JHP

DSPDEC

iDisPlaY nU1ber in R1 as a S digit deci•al
;value on the row of t£Ds indexed b~ R2.
iR2 = 010 for the lower row1 011 for the uPPer
iReturns zero in Rl anrj R3, and sarbase in RO
iand R2.

000167 176304

UPBlNK:: JHP

BLN/111!

iBla~

000167 176272

LOBlHK!: JHP

BLNKLO

;Blank the lower row of LEDs,

29
30
31 140024 000167 176014
32
33

34
35 140030 000167 176332
36
37
38

39
40
41 140034
42
43
44 140040
45
46
47 140044
48
49
so 140050

;standard 1onitor entry (no error condition)

IDisPla~ nu1ber

in R2 as a 6 diSit octal value
;in the UPPer row of LEDs, Returns 15 in Rl
iand garbage in RO.

the uPPer row of LEDs, Returns zero in
iRO and sarbase in Rt.
Ret1Jrr1s zero in

iRO and Sarbase in R1.
000167 176366

GETKEY! :Jl'IP

KEYG£T

;Turn on LEDs and wait for a keYPress. Return
ikey nu1ber in Rl,

000167 176440

;Translate key nu1ber in Rl to a BCD value for
ikeys 0 to 9, 012 for the ~LR k~1 013 for the
iEX/ENTR ley, and -1 for all other keys,

BCDKEY: : JHP

53
54 140054 000167 176466
SS
56
57

Modifies KEYPIV.

NU!!GET

iDisPla~ nu1ber in R2 as an octal value on the

il<>41er row of LED~. Activate keYPad and allow
iuser to •odif~ the value in R2 with the keYs
10 through 7 and CLR. Return the value in R2,

A-38

T-11 Ev•luation ltodult llonitor llACRO \005,00 Sundi• ll-K•r-BJ 04:10 Pase 32-1
EntMI Points

ichanged or not, when user Presses EXA. Uses

iR21 R11 and RO,

A-39

T-11 Ev•luation "odule "onitor llACRO VOS.00 Sundas 13-"ar-83 04:10 Pase 33
Entr':I Points

if+

CONSOLE LINE UTILITY ENTRY POINTS:

;--

4
5
6 140060 000167 000104
7

Jiii'

;f'ro1Pt for a line fro• the console,

F!XBP

it~e

Return

line in BUFFER with Rl cleared.

9 140064 000167 173346
10
11 140070 000167 173222
12

J"P

GET BP

;Transfer the back Pointer <BP) to R3.

JHP

GETCH

iRetr1eve character indexed b':I R3 fro1 BUFFER.
;Returns character in RO, R3 incre•ented b~ t.
fReturns H set if character is a separator,
iC set if it is lower case.

J"P

GETLCH

;Retrieve character indexed b':I <RJ - 1; f rot

13
14

15
16 140074 000167 173306
17
18
19 140100 000167 173306
20
21
22
23 140104 000167 173316
24
25
26
27

iBUfFER.

JHP

GETCHC

Retyrns sa1e as GETCH.

iRetrieve character ir1dexed b':I R3 fro111 BUFFER

iwithout foldin~ lower case. Returns ch.:ir~cter
iin RO, and R3 incre1ented b':I 1.
Jiii'

GETNXT

iRetrieve next character which is not a
;s@?arator frot BUFFER startins at location
i indexed ~':I R3. Returns character ir1 RO with
ilawer case folded1 RJ indexes next character
iin BUFFER,

000167 173334

Jiii'

PURGE

;Eli1inate BUFFER contents below location
; iridexed b':I BP.

000167 174022

Jiii'

ECHO

iEcho contents of BUFFER to the console
istartin9' with location inde:eed bY R3. Returns
tR3 indexin!:I BUf'FER location Just be!lond last

29 140110
30
31
32 140114
33
34
35
36
37 140120
38
39
40 140124
41
42
43
44
45
46 140130
47
48
49
50 140134
51
52
53
54 140140
55
56
57

iechaed character.
000167 173400

Jiii'

CRLF

iSend a carria!:le return and lir1e feed to the
iconsol@ (and ?rinterl.

000167 173400

JHP

CHROUT

;send a (Pair of) character(s) to the console
i(and Printer). Character to be sent should
jbe in lower b':lte of RO. If UPPer bYte at RO
;is non-zero1 it will be sent as e; secor1d
;character,

000167 173404

JHP

iSen.d a sinSle character froa the lower byte
iof RO to the console (and Printer). Ret1Jrns

CHROl

iRO with its byte swapped.
000167 173414

J"P

iSeod a sinsle character froa the lower byte

CHR02

iof RO to the Printer <aux. PortJ onl!!.
tReturns RO with its bytes swaPPed.

000167 173462

ASCOOT

A-40

iOutPut an ASCII character in the lower 7 bits
iof RO as a ~isible {string ot) character(s)
Jon the console. Control characters are outi:-ut
jas "<letter>1 with exc£1PtiorrS <SP> 1<ESC>1 (DEL.;

T-11 Eval..tion Hodule Hooilor 111\CRO VOS.GO Sund•• 13-Har-&3 04!10 Paoe 33-1
Entr~

Points

SS
59 140144 000167 173604
60

JHP

PRINTA

61
62

63
64

;++
PARSING AND OUTPUT UTILITY ENTRY POINTS!

66
67
69 140150 000167 004346
69
70 140154 000167 oom2
71
72 140160 000167 014560

;-~

JNP

GETEXP

JNP

GEN EXP

JHP

TYPOCT

JHP

TYPDEC

74 140164 000167 014470
75
76 140170 005037 007630
77 140174 000167 173040
79

;outPut a strin!f of b1:1tes to the console (and
;Printer), Rl Points to start of strin3r which
;•ust end with a blank b~te. Returns R1
iPointins to b~te just after blank b~te,

FIX!IPl ClR
JllP

ftBP

GETLIN

A-41

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Konitor HACRO V05.00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 01:10 Pase 34

Entr'3 Points
2
3
4 140200
s 140206
6 140214
7 140222
B 140230
9 140234
10 140236
11 140242
12 140246
13 140250
14 140254
15 140262
16 140264
17 140272
18 140276
19 140300
20 140302
21
22 !40306
23 140314
24 140322
25 140326
26
27
28 140330
29 140334
30 140340
31 140344
32 140352
33 140354
34
35 140360
36 140362
37 140364
38 140366
39 140370
40 140372
41 140374
42 !40376
43 140400
44 140402
45 140404
46 140406
47 14D410
48 140412
49 140414
so 140416
51 140420
52 140422
53 140424
54 140426

,SBTTL KeYPad Monitor
042737
042737
042737
052737
012704
010402
004767
013705
010502
004767
032737
001411
042737
013702
001403
011202
004767

000077
000001
000001
000010
000007
175650
007750
175570
000200

007706 KHOHIT::m
BIC
007756
007754
BIC
BIS
007706
HOV
HOV
JSR
HOV
HOV
JSR
007706
8lT

175530

am
HOV
JSR

PC,DSPUNH

B!C
HOii

012737 140330 007676 KLOOP:: HOV
HOVB
112737 000007 177444
ms
10<1427 000240
1$!
BR
000777

005037
012706
005037
112737
006301
000171
141110
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
141122
140430
140430
140430
141232
141372
141610
141550
141706
141714
141462
141650

tF.REG1@tFLAGSl ;set resister select ~ode
; iride}: PC
;set UP to disPla':I • PC • on IJF'Fer LEDs
idisPla':I it
i9et PC contents
@tS:PC1R5
;s~t uP to disPla~ on lower LEDs
R51R2
PC,DSPLNH
idisPla'~ it
tF.SST1@tFLAGSl iwere we sinsle stePf'ing?

t007,R4
R4,R2
PC,DSPNAH

;no
KLOOP
tf, SST, etFLAGSl iclear condition
@llWATCH,R2
;is there a watchf'oint?
ino
KLOOP

Btu

000200 007706
007754

t000077.@tFLAGSHolear nevio•Js oode
11,@tlADDR
i11ake current address and watchPoint even
;in case we ca~e fro1 console 1onitor
tb@tlWATCH

KEYCHD: :CLR
HOV
CLR
007726
000010 177444 KEYCMl: :HOVB
ASL
JHP
140360
007676
007462

DSPTBL: : , WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
,WOR[1
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
,WOR[1

@R21F:2

'~et watchf'oint contents
idisPla'::I watchPoint contents in UP?er disPla':I

tKEYCHD1etKEYPIVilink coa1and input routine to ke':IPress vector
tOOMmPORC ;turn on LED disPla':I
;enable LED disPla'::I interruPt
t240
iwait for ke'::IPress' ke'3 code returns in Rl
11
HKEYP!V
tSTACK,SP
etSPCLBF
tOlO,etPIPORC
RI
@DSPTBLCRU

idisconnect ke'::IPress vector
iPOP saved resisters and return vector
; turn off flashing error' if an':I
;turn off LED disPla~ for faster ev.ecutiori
;1a~.e a word inde;: of Rl
ldis?atch to aPProPriate routine

ICLR
INUHER
lllUHER
INUHER
INUHER
INUHER
INUltER
INUllER
IEXAM
INUHER
INUMER
INUMER
IADV
IBACK
IREG
IADDRK
ISST
IGO
IBRKP
IFUNC

;[CLRJ
i[ 1 l
i[ 4 l
i[ 7 l
i[ 0 l
;[ 2 J
;[ 5 ]
H Bl
;[[XAJ
i[ 3 l
i[ 6 l
i[ 9 l
HAOVJ
i [BACJ

A-42

;[REGJ

HADDJ
;[SSTJ

;mo 1
i [BPTJ

HFNCl

T-11 Evaluation Module Hor1itor KACRO VOS •00 Sundas ll-llar-83 04:10
Ke!:IPad Monitor
I
2
J
4 140430
5 140432
6 140436
) 140444
B l40446
9 140452
lO 140454
11 140460
12 l40462
13 140470
14 1404n
15 l40500
16 l40502
17 140504
18 140512
19 140520
20 140522
21 140530
22 140532
23 140534
24 140536
25 140540
26
27
2B 140542
29 140550
JO 140552
31 140554
32
33 140560
34 140566
35 140570
36 140574
37 140602
30
39 140606
40 l40614
41 140616
42 140622
43 140626
44 140630
45
46 140634
47 140642
4B 140b44
49 140650
50 140652
5l 140654
52 140660
53 l40662
54
SS 140666
56 l40672
57 140676

Pa~e 35

.SBTTL Ke~ Co11and Routines
006201
004767
032737
00l40J
020127
101315
03270l
001404
032737
001306
032737
OOlOOI
005005
052737
032737
001004
042737
006305
006305
0063-05
006305
060105

176056
000040 007706
000004
000010

INUllERI : ASR
JSR
BIT
MU
CKP
BHl
4$!
BIT
BEQ

000005 007706
000002 007706 1s:
000002 007706 31:
000005 007706
000002 007706

2s:

BNE
BIT
BNE
CLR
BIS
BIT
BNE
BIC
ASL
ASL
ASL
ASL
ADD

; restore ke!I nu111ber
;set BCD value for ke!:l code
JF .FUNC,@tFLAGSl fis di Sit a functior1 selectiori?
41
rno
fis disit higher than 4?
R!.t004
i~es1 ignore digit
IQOOP
iis it Sor 9'?
IOOOOlO•Rl
1no, a Ie9al octal diSit
II
tF ,DATA+F .AD£1R,@tFLAGS1 ino B or 9 as data or address irif'1Jl
;ignore the1 if Pressed
!LOOP
tF ,CHAr+r@tFLAGSt;has a digit ~-e!:l alread':I been Fressed?
i!:les1 Just scroll digits H1
JI
ielse initialize diSit accu111Jlator
RS
tF.CHAN,etFLAGSl;indicate that a digit has been Pressed
tF.DATA+F,ADDR1@tFLAGSl ;address and data eritr~ scroll diSits
21
tF.CHAlh@tFLAGS1;others have sinsle d1Sit entrs
iPrePare for fourth Oit (1ight be e or 9)
R5
iscroll disit into RS (digit accu1ulatorl
RS
RS
RI

PC,KEYBCD

RS
Rt.RS
H~ow do executior1 associated with diSit

032737 000005 007706 D!Gm::BIT
001511
Brn
010502
HOV
004767 175264
JSR
032737
00l007
010537
042737
000167

000001 007706
007756
000001 007756
000362

032737 000004 007706
001407
013700 007756
004767 00ll30
010510
ooow 000334
032737
001420
020427
101M6
006304
010564
006204
000167

2s:

BIT
BNE
HOV
BIC
JKP

tF,DATA,@tFLAGSlifor addressesr store ir1 SADDR
21
R5•!11ADDR
J!,@llADDR
i1ake sure address is ever1
KLOOP!
itak.e another k.e!:l

BIT

tF .ADDR1@tFLAGSlib1Jt data can so &1an~ Places-are we Pok.ins RAH?
ino
31
!llADDR,RO
;!:!!es' Set a COP!:.! of current address
icheck. that it is not in protected RAM
PC,KADRCH
R5,!RO
iPlace data at current address
itake another k.e·:>
!LOOP!

BEU
MDV
JSR
KOV
JHP

0000!0 007706 3$!

CKP
BHI
ASL
MV
ASR
JKP

tF.REG,@tFLAGS! icham!inS re:hsters or watchPoirit cor1tents?
ino
41
idoes R4 ir1dex a reSis.ter {0 thru 7 and F'S)?
R4.t000010
:no (R4 should be 0000111
SI
i1:ake it a word inde}:
R4
iand Place data in user register
R5•1ROCR41
i restore R4
R4
itak.e another k.e!:l
KLOOPl

HOV
JSR
HOV

!lllHHCH,RO
PC,KADRCH
R5,@RO

BIT

BEU
000010
007732
000302

013700 007754
001767 001260
010510

~$:

input
iClear k.e~ Joins us here
tF.DATA+F,ADDR,@tFLAGS1 ;Just disPla!:l new data or address
ifor others, do sFecial disPla~s instead
11
iSet new value
RS,R2
PC,DSPLNH
;and disPla~ on lower LEDs

A-43

iassu1e R~ indexes watrhPoint contents
icheck that it is not in Protected RAM
;def'osit data into watchPoint location

T-11 Evaluation "odule llonitor "ACRO V05,00 SoodaY 13-"ar-83 04110

Pa~e 35-1

Ke~ C081and Routines

SS 140700
59
60 140704
61 140712
62 140714
63 140720
64 140722
65 140n6
66 140730
67 140732
68 140734
69 140740
70 140746
71 140750
72 140752
73 140756
74 140762
75 140770
76
77 140774
78 141002
79 141004
BO 141006
SI 141012
82 141016
83
84 141022
8S 141030
86 141032
87 141034
88 141040
89 141042
90 141044
91 141050
92 141052
93 141056
94 141060
95 141062
96 141066
97
98 141072
99 141076
100 141102
101 141106
102
103
104 141110
105 141112
106 141120
107
!OB
109
110 141122
111 141130
112 141132
113 141136
114 141142

;take another ke~

000167 000264

JHP

KLOOPl

032737 000020 007706 4S:
001526
020427 000014
103416
020427 000017
101013
006304
006304
1001:
010564 007700
042764 000001 007700
006204
006204
000167 000212
6t:
010537 007754
042737 000001 007754
000167 000174

BIT
8£0
CHP
BLO
C"P

tf,BRKS,@tFLAGSt;chansins breakpoint or watchPoint address?
;no, iSnore (stranSe! that was a satet~ check)
KLOOf>l
;R4 indexinS a breakpoint?
R4rl000014

032737
001407
010100
012701
004767
000167
032737
001457
010504
020427
001414
010402
004767
006304
016405
006204
010502
004767
000167

000040 007706

1s:

Biii
ASL
ASL
HOV
BIC
ASR
ASR
JHP
HOV
BIC
JHP

BIT
8£0

"ov
"ov

000004
174754
000146

JSR

000010 007706 7$ ~

BIT
BEO
HOV

CHP

000011

BEQ

175042

HOV
JSR
ASL

007732

"ov
ASR

9t:

JSR
JHP

174756
000076

013702 007754
004767 174734
017705 046646
000764

"ov

as:

HOV
JSR

"ov
BR

SCLR:: CLR
005005
BIC
042737 000002 007706
000610
BR

;nor it's not
61
R4rl000017
;rior it's not
61
i•ake an index for word Pairs
R4
R4
;place data in breakPoint address file
R5r9RKFIL-0601R4l
;1ak.e breakPoint address even
tlrBRKFIL-0601R41
R4
R4
;take another ke~
KLOOPl
R5retlWATCH
;assuae R4 indexes watchP-oint address
tlretliATCH
;1ake watchPoint address even
;take another ke~
KLOOPl

IF1FUNC1ftFLAGS1;are we enterini a function code?
inor 1ust be enterins a resister nu1ber
71
;set new diiit
RlrRO
iindex a lower disPla~ di9it
t4rRl
PCrDSPDIG
idisPlas nev di!lit
;take another key
KLOOPl
tF.RE61@tFLA6Sl ibe sure we are selectinS a re!lister
;else i9oore kes
KLOOPl
;save selected resister nu1ber
R5rR4
jare watchPoint contents selected?
R4rt000011
Bl
i':les1 do sPecial disPlas
R4rR2
idisPla:i register's na1e on UPPer LEDs
PCrOSPHA"
R4
IRO<R4lrR5
R4
R5rR2
PCrDSPLNH
KLOOPl

iaake a word index
iSet resister's contents
idisPlas on lower LEDs
itake another kes

HIWATCHrR2
PCrDSFUN"
@IWATCHrR5
91

iset watchPoint address
ishow it on uPPer disPlas
iset watchPoint contents

iclear diSit accu1ulator

tr .CHAN11!tFLAGSl; in case of sinSle disi t 1ode
DIGfXE

,ENABL LSB
032737
001421
013702
004767
017705

000004 007706 IEXAH:: BIT
BEO
HOV
007756
JSR
174674
HOV
046610

tF.ADDRr@IFLAGS!;exaoinins RAH?
ino
II
;set current address
HIADDRrR2
;show it on UPPer disPlas
PC rDSPlillt
i!let contents
lfADllRrR5

A-44

T-11 Evaluation "odul• "onitor ltACRO l/05,00 Sunda1I IJ-"'r-83 04:10 Pa!le 35-2
Kew Co..and Routines

11S 1411% 010502
116 141150 004767 m670
117 141154 052737 000001
118 141162 042737 000002
119 141170 000167 177112
120
121 141174 032737 000010
122 141202 001.ol
123 141204 00570!
124 141206 1003S7
125 141210 100767
126
127 141212 032737 000040
128 141220 001763
129 mm OOS70S
130 141224 100761
131 141226 000167 000774
132
133

GNEXAH: :HOV
JSR

007706
007706

BIS
BIC
KLOOPt: JHP

007706 it:

BIT

BED
!ST
BPL
11111

007706 2t:

;seneral exa1ine ent~ Point
RSrR2
;show it on lower disPla~
PCrDSPlNH
IF,DATAo@IFLAGS!;so to data entMI ood•
IF,CHANr@IFLAGSl;indicate no chan!e •et
;take another ke~
KLOOP
tF.REG,@tFLAGSl ;exa1inin9 a retister?
;no
2$
fR4 initialized to -1 bw SREG
R4
jconterrts 1>iJt in RS b'i D:!GE.XE
GIEXAH
;1snore EXAM1 1ake user ?ush a di~it first
KLOOl'l

lf,FIJtto@IFLAGSllrxecution! ....,ial function'
Jisnore all other occurrences of EXAH
KLIO'I
RS
IR'l initialized to -I b• tFIJHC
;i•nore EXM, 11ak.e user Push a ~isit first
KLIO'I
Bltl
;execute special function
OOflllt
JltP
.DSABL LSB

BIT

BED
ISi

134

135
136 141232 032737 000004 007706 tADV::
137 141240 001405
138 141242 OOS237 007756
139 141246 005237 007756
140 1412S2 000723
141
142 1412S4 032737 000010 007706 1•:
143 141262 001425
144 141264 005204
14S 141266 020427 000011
146 141272 103-111
147 141274 012704 000011
148 141300 013702 007754
149 141304 004767 174526
ISO 141310 017705 0%440
!SI 141314 000714
152
3S:
153 141316 010402
154 141320 004767 174566
!SS 141324 006304
1S6 141326 016405 007732
157 141332 006204
!SB 141334 000704
159
160 141336 032731 000020 007706 2t:
161 141344 001711
162 141346 005204
!Al 141350 020427 000012
164 141354 001001
165 14135.! OOS724
4tt
166 141360 020427 000017
!67 141364 101440
168 141366 005304
169 141370 000436
170
!71

,ENABI. LSB

BIT
BEQ
INC
INC
BR
BIT
SEQ
INC
CltP
BLO
Jilt/

MOii
JSR
ltO\I

lf,ADDRr@IFLAGSllstePPin! thrOU!lh addresses'
1$

@HADDR

;no
;•o to next word

eHADDR
$EXAM
IF.REGr@IFLAGSI lstePPinS thrOUSI! resisters?
;no
21
; re!lister index
R4
idon't step Past watchPoint contents
R4ol000011
3$
iselect watohPoint contents
IOOOOllrR4
;!let watchPoint address
@Hllr\TCHrR2
ishow it an IJl'Per diSfl'la~
PCrDSP~M
Hllr\TCHrRS
; set uatchPoint contents·
GNEXAH
;disPla~ re!lister'~ na1e or1 UPPer LEDs

ASR
BR

R4oR2
PCoDSPNAlt
R4
IRO<R4loR'5
R4
GHEXAH

BIT

tF.BRKS1ltFLAGSlist.ePPirul throU!lh breakpoints~

BEQ
INC
CH?

KLOOPI
R4
R4oi000012
4$
CR4H
R4•i000017

llOV

JSR
ASL
llOV

BHE

TST
CKI'
Bl.OS

DEC
BR

BRKPl
R4
BRKPI

;1ake a word inde~
;set re~ister contents

;no, i~nore advance
jincre1ent breakPOint index
ido SPeeial inrr@1ent Patt~tn

i1ake breakPoint di~la~

A-45

T-11 Evaluation Kodule llonitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04!10 Paoe 35-3
Ke!::! CaM:and Routines

tf,ADDR,@tFLAGSlistePPinS thrOU!ih addresses?
;no
61
;so to next word
HIADDR
e!IADDR
IEXAH

6$!

BIT
BED
DEC
BPL
CLR
BR

tF ,R£6,HFLA6Sl istePPins throuSh resisters?
;no
71
R4
iPrevent underflow
31
R4
icontinue in lADV
31

1s:

BIT
BED
DEC
CHP
BHIS
ltOV
BR

tn 141372 032737 000004 007706 OACK!: BIT
173 141400
174 141402
175 141406
176 141412

BED
DEC
DEC

001405
005337 007756
005337 007756
000643

177

178 141414 032737 000010 007706
1~ 141422 001404
180 141424 005304
181 141426 100333
182 141430 005004
183 141432 000731
184
185 141434 032737 000020 007706
186 141442 001652
187 141444 005304
188 141446 020427 000014
189 141452 103005
190 141454 012704 000011
191 141460 000402
192
193
194
195 141462 012704 000014
196 141466 010402
197 141470 004767 174416
198 141474 020427 000014
199 141500 103420
200 141502 006304
201 141504 006304
202 141506 016405 007700
203 141512 006204
204 141514 006204
205 141516 010502
206 141520 004767 174320
207 141524 042737 000077 007706
208 141532 052737 000021 007706
209 141540 000441
210
211 141542 013705 007754
212 141546 000763
213
214
215 141550 012702 000012
216 141554 004767 174332
217 141560 013705 007756
218 141564 010502
219 141566 004767 174252
220 141572 om37 000077 007706
221 141600 052737 000004 007706
222 141606 000416
223
224
225 141610 012702 000013
226 141614 004767 174272
227 141620 012704 177777
228 141624 004767 174506

tF.BRKS1@tFLA6SlistePPinS throush breakpoints?
ino, isnore backup
KLOOPl
idecreeent break.Point index
R4
ido special decre.ent Pattern
RM000014
i•ake breikPoint disPla!::l
BRKPl
;index watchPoint
tOOOOlt.R4
BRKPl
.DSABL LSB

$BRKP!: KOV

BRKP!! HIJV
JSR
CltP
BLD
ASL
ASL

iindexins watchPoint or a breakpoint?
ithe watchPoint
i1ake an index for word Pairs

BIC
BIS
BR
HOV
BR

@tlWATCH,R5
21

ASR
ASR
ltOV
JSR

lf!

iindex breakpoint 0
;show na1e of break.Point on UPPer disPla!::l

R4
R4
;set break.Point address
BRKFIL-060!R4),R5
R4
R4
idisPla~ it on lower LEDs
R5.R2
PC•DSPLNH
t000077.PtFLAGSliclear Previous oode
tF,BRKStF,DATA,@tFLAGSl iset brea~Point and data oode
KLOOP2

HllV

2t:

t000014,R4
R4•R2
Pc.DSPNAH
R4,t000014

tADDRK! :HOV
JSR

HIJV
ltOV
JSR
BIC
BIS
BR
$REG:: ltOV
JSR
llO\I

JSR

;~et

watchPoint address

;pro1Pt with ' Addr ' on UPPer disPla~
t012,R2
PC,DSPNAH
;get Previous address
HIADDR,R5
jshow it on lower diSPla1.:1
R5,R2
PC,DSPLNN
t0000771@tfLAGSliclear Pr@Yious 1ode
tF.ADDR,etFLAGSliset current address entry 1ode

KLOOP2
t013•R2
PC,DSl'NAK
t-t.R4
PC,BLJl(LO

A-46

jpro1Pt with •

rEG • on uPPer disPlaY

iinitialize re~ister index to illegal value
tand blank lower display

T-11 Ev•luaiion l!odul• llonitor MCRO Y05.00 S•nd•• 13-llir-83 04110 P•lle 35-4
Ke• c....nd Routines
22'1 141630 042731 000077 007706
BIC
230 141636 052737 000010 007706
BIS
231 141644 000167 176436
KLOOP2: J"P
232
233
234 141650 012702 000020
tFUNC:: "ov
235 l4l654 004767 174232
JSR
236 Hl660 012705 177777
HOV
JSR
2J7 141664 004767 174446
B!C
238 !41670 042737 000077 007706
BIS
239 141676 052737 000040 007706
BR
240 141704 000757

1000077,@tFlAGSl;clear PreYious 1ode
IF.REG.@IFLAGSI iand set resistor select oodo
KLOOP
1020,R2

jprOllPt Mith ' (unc • on UPPer display

PC,DSPNAH
1-1.'15

iinitialize aceuaulator to illesal value

PC,8LNl(L0

·land blorJ: lot1er- disPli!~

t0000771ltFLAGSl ;clear Previous aode
IF.FUNC.@IFLAGSliilld set function select 1ode
KLDIJ>2

242
243 141706 052737 000200 007706
244
245 141714 023727 007746 007400
246 141722 101004
247 141724 023727 007746 000004
2~ 141732 103007
249 141734 042737 000200 007706
250 141742 012700 000004
251 141746 000167 175376
252
253 141752 013702 007736
254 141756 013703 007740
255 141762 013704 007742
256 141766 013705 007744
257 141772 013737 007700 007676
258 142000 013706 007746
259 142004 013746 007752
260 142010 042716 000020
261 142014 032737 000200 007706
262 142022 001422
263 142024 os2m 000020
264 142030 012737 137174 000014
265 142036 012737 000340 000016
266 142044 013700 007732
267 142050 013701 007734
26B 142054 013746 007750
269 142060 052737 000100 007706
270 142066 000006
271
272 142070
273 142070 032737 001000 007706
274 142076 001352
275
276 142100 012700 oomo
277 142104 012701 000004
278 142110 013020
279 142112 077102
280 142114 012700 007760
281 142120 01270! 000004
282 142124 005710
28J 142126 001405
284 142130 012730 000003
285 142134 005720

$SST:: BIS

tf.SST1@tfl~GSl

;show we are sinsle slePPins

fGO::

mSP,tSCRPl\D

;is user SP in his RAH'?
;no1 show error 1essa9e
;and is there r/JOll for 2 Pushes?

CN'

tGOt:: BHI
lt:

CHP
BHIS
BIC

"ov

J"P

2$;

"DY
llO\I

4t:
9t:

ltOV
ltOV
ltOV
llOV
"OY
BIC
BIT
BEQ
BIS
llOY
llO\I

HOV
llOV
llOV
BIS
RT!

3t:

ss:

m
BNE

"ov
ltOV
ioos: "ov

SDB

llOV
llO\I
200.:

TS!

BEU
"DV
TST

HISP,14
jyes, SP is accePtable
21
tF.SST,@IFLAGSI ielse abort
;SP Error
l4•RO
hlo to fatal error harrdler to reenter 90nitor
FERROR
@tlR2,R2
;restore user context1
l!tlRJ1R3
HIR4,R4
@tlf!S,R5
iand user ke~Press vector
@IKEYPVS1HKEYPIY
ive're on user's stack now
l!tlSPiSP
@llPS .-<SP l
iPush PS1 PC like fro1 a traP
iclear T-bit
I020dSPI
IF.SST,@IFLAGSl iare we sinsle ste••i~?
31
ino
;1::1esr set T-bit
t020dSPl
;•ake sure BPT traP is still connected
IBRKPT1@10l4
1340.@1016
;finish N!storins context
PHR01RO
HIRhRI
i.oush PC
Hll'C1-ISPI

tF.USER1@tFLAGS1;show we are runnini user code
iand si1ulate return fra1 trap
tF.8RKGr@tFLAGS1jsinSle stePPins over a break Point
Pif Yes then don't install
41
IBRKFIL1RO
l41RI
l<ROlt. IROlt
Rt.1001
IBRl(F!L.RO
141Rl
!ROI
JOOS
13,p(ROH
<ROI+

A-47

;start of break point table
ifoor entr'Js
isuck UP data frOI break Paint locations
;

istart of break Point table
;saee as last ti1e
;first see if \here was reall1::1 one set
ibranch if not
;set break Point
;skip lD ne1t:t

T-11 Ev•lu•tion llodul• llonitor KACR1J V05.00 Sund•• 13-K•r-83 04ll0 P•S• 35-5
Ke• C...and Routines
286 142136
287 142140
288 142142
m 142144
290 142146
291 112m
292
293

077106

295 142156
296 142164
297 14216.\
298 1mn
299 mm
300 142200
301 142202
302 142206
303 142210
304 142214
305 142216
306 142220
307
308 142224
309

032737
001017
020027
103014
020027
103411
020027
103403
020027
103403
005000
000167

~oos:

~02

032020
300•:
000774
052737 000400 007706 SOM:
000725

000207

SOB
BR
BIT
BR

BIS
BR

040000 007706 KAllRCHl BIT
BNE
020000
Lit!'
BHIS
007400
CKP
Bl.O
010000
CKP
Bl.O
017400
CHP
Bl.O
2t:
ctR
175124
JKP

1t:

RTS

Rl,200$
500$
<RO>MROH
400$

ifour entr~s

iskiP this entr~
i~o back tor next

tF .BRKAtHFLAGS1; ir1dicate breakpoints installed
91
iand So

tF.PROTr@tFLAGS1ikeYPad scratch Protection on?
1$
inot deposit anywhere
iis address above UPPer instance of scratchPad? ·.
RO.t20000
1$
iyes' definitel~ doesn't address Protected RA11
iis it below lower instance of scratchPad?
RO•tSCRPAD
1$

i'::li!S

;is it within lower instance of scratchPad?
RO•tlOOOO
2$
iYes' address is ille~al
ROrtSCRPAD+lOOOOiis it between instances of scratchPad RAH?
1$
h1est not withir1 their so address is OK
RO
;index user RA" error •essa~e
FERR OR
;so to fatal error handler to reenter 1or1i tor
iaddress is acceptable

A-48

T-11 Evaluation llodule l!onitor llACRO V05,00 Sund.., 13-l!ir-83 omo Pa!le 36
K.. c....nd Routines
l

.SBTTL SPec1al Ke,,,.ad llonitor Functions
2
J
iRS was Or lr 2, 3, or 4
RS
4 142226 006305
DOFUHC::ASL
JllP
PFNCl'l!L IRS)
idisPatch to selected function
s 142230 000175 142234
6
FNCTBL: : , WORD CANCEL
;o 1eans cancel breakPoints
7 142234 142246
,WORD GO I LED
il •eans turn on LEDs and ~oat user PC
8 142236 142270
i2 aeans cold start console aonitor
.WORD CHON!
9 142240 142572
;3 1eans select baud rates and console t~Pe
.WORD SPEEDS
10 142242 142320
i4 aeans disable ke~Pad aonitor scratch Ptotec1
11 142244 142562
.WORD NPROT
12
CANCEL : : HOV
t020oRO
i8 words in breakPoint file
13 142246 012700 000020
14 142252 105060 007757
tt:
CLRB
BRKFIL-llRO>
;clear address/contents Pairs
ROoll
151422~ 077003
SOB
16 142260 005037 007754
CLR
mwmH
icancel watchP-oint also
17 142264 000167 175710
;~o to register select 1ode
FNCDONl Jlt>
KllOltll
18
19 142270 112737 000007 177444 GOILrnl !MOVB
tOO 7o@tPIPIJRC iturn tin l£D disPlir.:i's
;ilnd go
20 142276 000167 177412
JHP
IGO
21
22 142302 000454
SPDTBL!: 1WORD JOO,
23 142304 001130
•WORD 600 •
24 142306 002260
•WORD 1200 •
25 142310 004540
•WORD 2400 •
26 142312 011300
•WORD 4800 •
,llQRD 9600.
27 142314 022600
28 142316 045400
•llORD 19200 •
29
SPEEDS: :HOV
; index 'ConSol'
30 142320 012702 000021
t021'R2
JSR
Pc.DSf>NAH
;show ProaPt on UPPer disPla1J
31 mm 004767 173~2
32 142330 11J705 007710
HOVB
!ICDiFLGoRS
;set baud rate bits
33 142334 042705 177707
B!C
t177707oR5
;aask out other flass
34 142340 006205
5i!
ASR
RS
;shift to word index Position
35 142342 006205
ASR
RS
36 142344 016501 142302
SPD18LIR5hR1 ;~et corresPOndins baud rate
HOV
;index lower disPla~
37 142350 012702 000010
HOV
tOIOoR2
idisPlaY deciaal nuaber
38 142354 004767 174006
JSR
PCoDSPDEC
PCoKHGET
;wait ror a ke11
39 142360 004767 174052
JS:
JSR
;was it 'Enter'?
CllP
RlrlO!O
40 142364 020127 000010
BEQ
i1Jes1 ~o to ai.ix Port speed
11
41 142370 001436
fwas is a function ke':!?
CllP
Rlrt016
42 142372 020127 000016
43 142376 103067
BH!S
101
i"::ies1 exit
;w~ it advance?
44 142400 020127 000014
Rlrt014
CllP
45 142404 001410
BED
21
;1Jes' aodi f!:I'. baud rate
46 142406 020127 000015
CHP
RI ot015
iwas it backUP'?
ino, wait for another ke':!
47 142412 001362
BHE
31
48
49 142414 005305
RS
;decrease baud rate
DEC
DEC
RS
so 142416 005305
41
51 142420 100007
BPL
ishow new rate
iPrevent underflow
52 142422 005005
CLR
RS
41
53 142424 000405
BR
54
11!5)1
SS 142426 OOS72S
TST
iincrease baud rate
2•:
ioverflow?
CltP
RSol016
~ 142430 020S27 000016
;,..,
BLO
4t
57 142m 103401

A-49

T·11 Evaluation Hodule ftonitor MACRO V05.00 Sund.• IJ·llar·B3 04:10 Pase 36-1
Sf.ecial Ke~Pad Monitor Functions

58 142436 005745
59 142440 006305
60 142«2 006305
61 142444 006305
62 142446 106137 007710
63 142452 110537 007710
64 142456 106037 007710
65 142462 006205
66 142464 000725
67
68 142466 012702 000022
69 142472 004767 173414
70 142476 016501 142302
71 1425-02 105737 007710
72 142506 100002
73 142510 006201
74 142512 006201
75 14m4 012702 000010
76 142520 004767 173642
77 142524 00476) 173706
78 142530 020127 000010
79 142534 001653
80 142536 020127 000016
81 142542 103005
82 142544 012700 000200
83 142550 074037 007710
84 142554 000750
85
86 142556 000167 175562
87
88 142562 052737 040000 007706
89 142570 000635

4t:

1St

es:

TST
ASL
ASL
ASL
ROlB
HOVB
RORB
ASR
BR
llOV
JSR

HOV
TSTB
BPL
ASR

it:

10$:

-CRS>
RS
RS
RS
@ICOHFLG
RSoHCOHFLG
@ICOHFLG

;store index in baud rate bits
;preserve hi§i order bit <F .A64X}

SJ
1022oR2
PCoDSPHAll
SPDTBLCR5loR1
etCDHFlG
9'
RI
RI

;index •A.Port'
ishou pro1Pt
iset console baud rate
;is 64 Xset for auy, port?
;no, sa1e speeds
;else console rate I 4

~IOoR2

ASR
MOV
JSR
JSR
CltP
BEG
CHI'
BHIS
HOV
XOR
BR

PC,DSPDEC
PCoKEYliET
R!.1010
FMCDON
RI 01016
!Ol
IF.A64XoRO
ROo@ICllNFLG
Bl

;index lower disPla~
jdiSPla~ baud rate
iwait for a ke1:1
;is it 'Enter'?
;!:lesr finished
iwas it a function button?
;':les, exit
;no1 tog~le aux Port baud rate
;cONFLG is an even b':lle
iwait for enter ke':I

JHP

KEYCHl

;execu~ function ke':I

NPROT!: BIS
BR

IF oPROT oHFLAGSHt"rro off protection
lso to resister select 110de
FNCDON

A-50

T-11 Evaluation llodule Konitor llACRO \IOS , 00 Sunda• 13-Kar-83 04!10 Pa•e 37
SPecial Ke~Pad ~onitor Functions
.SBTTL Console Konitor

2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

;++
REGISTER USAGE!
RS
R4
R3
R2
RI
RO

Cold entr~ POint:
;--

IS
t61mn
17 142600
18 142606
19 H2614
20 142620
21 142624
22 142632
23 142636
24 142644
2S 142650
26 142654
27 142660
28 142664
29 142672
30 142676
31 142704
32 1m10
33 142714
34 142720
3S
36
37
38
39 142724
40 142732
41 142736
42 142744
43 142752
44 142754
45 142762
46 142770
47 142776
48
49 143000
so 14300~
51 143012
52 143014
SJ 143022
54 143026
55 143032
56 143036
57 143042

last l!)(Pression value.
current ter1 Vilue and scratch current address
runnins POir1ter for inPut buffer
Pointer and seneral Passing to routines
co1Putational scratch
passins to botto1 level routines and scratch

012737
012737
012737
005037
105037
142737
105037
012767
113700
052700
010037
004767
OS2737
106427
012737
004767
004767
012702
004767

006500
040100
000004
007630
007672
000007
007673
133000
007710
000002
l77S64
172304
002000
000000
000100
170614
170610
143052
171042

oom6 CKOH1:: KOV
007330
KOV
00732S
llO\I
CLR
CLRB
007710
B!CB
CLR8
KO'I
035214
KOVB
BIS
KOV

JSR
PIS
KTPS
KOV

007706
177560

JS!l

JSR
KOV

JSR

;initialize user SP for console 1onitor
HlJhHISP
t400t!OOt!OO,etTllPKOD iset default aodes
tf,11\JLL•HLASllNHni\ialize last line fla;s
;initialize console buffer P-ointers
mr
HHFP
;clear host buffer Pointer also
tOOMtCONFLG iclear console line flass (but not SPeed)
HHSTFLG
;clear host flass
tl!NE!ff,COHIK ;hook UP console inPut service routine
etCONFLGoRO
i!let current baud rate
tooooo2.Ro
ienable Pros. baud rate, disable xait interrupt
;transfer control word to console Port
RO,HCIXCSR
iset aux port ba1Jd rate and disable
rc.smux
tF,KEYP1@tFLAGSlfdisable ke~pad aonitor
ienable interrupts
tOOO
t000100,etCSRCSRienable eonsole receiver interrupt
PCoCRLF
;start a new line
PC,CRLF
iPoint to sreeting aessa!le
tGRET •R2
PC.PRINT
it11Pe 1essa!le

;++
;M-

012767
106427
012737
032737
001412
012737

133000 035126 CKOHIT: :KOV
KTPS
000000
000100 177560
KOV
004000 007706
BIT

9ED

134540 000120
112737 000046 007711
112737 000046 177452
000402
105037
032737
OOISO!
042737
004767
013704
004767
004767
OOS737

War1 entr~ Point:

007673
lS:
000200 007706 2$!
000200 007706
006702
007750
012212
012126
007466

MV
llOVll

KOVB
BR
CLRB
BIT
BEQ
DIC
JSR

llOV
JSR
JSR

TS!

tl!HEIN•COllIN fhook uP col'YSole inPut service routine
iehable interrUP"ts
tOOO
tOOOlOOtftcSRCSRienable console receiver interrupt
tF,HOSTr@tFLAGSl;is host 1ode enabled?
ioor clear host flass to ler1inate functions
u
tHOSTIN,etAUXIN thook UP host irll"ut service interruPt
t046.HAUXFLG tsave a eoP~ of new ASCREG value
t046,@IAICREG ireenable aux Port receiver interrupt

21
etHSTFLG
tstoP host artivit~
tF .SST ,@tFLAGSl ;iiiere we sir1!ile stePPin9?
;no.1 scrap line
CKOll3
tr,SSTr@tFLAGS1 iclear flas fro1 SG01 routir1e
PCoTYPREG
t~est disPlas resisters
Hlf'C,R4
tPoint to next locatiori
PCoTYPADR
it!iPe address
;Qisasse1ble next ir1struction
PCoTYPLO!
HREPEAT
twere we rePeatinS?

A-51

T-11 Evaluation llod\Jle "•nitor llACRO l/05,00 Sund•• 13-"-r-83 04:10 Pase 37-1
Console Konitor

58 143046 001463
59 143050 000476

BEQ
Bl!

CltON3

;no

CKOH4

;~es,

A-52

keep cOMand line

T-11 Evaluation llodule Honitor llACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-ltar-83 04:10 Pase 38
Consoli! Monitor

2 143052 076725
143060 045710
143066 070226
3 143074 000000
4 143076 001640
5 143102 000000
6 143104 007716
143112 021026
7 143116 000000

000207 055207 GRET:
051646 035557
143076 000000

,RAD50 /TEH COHSOl.E HOHITOR v1.o I

.1101m 0
.RAD50 I WHAT I
.WORD 0
023132 001156 OVERFU .RADSO /BUFFER OVERFLOW/
046557
,WORD 0

004540

WHAT!

PC,CRLF
9 143120 004767 170400
PRHERR:: JSR
it'JPI! <CR> <LF>
10 143124 012700 056007
t400l13H007,RO ;t,,e <BELL> I
HOV
II 143130 004767 170374
PC,CHROUT
JSR
12 143134 004767 170276
PC,GETBP
;set rur1ninS: Pointer to back Pointer
JSR
PC, ECHO
13 143140 004767 170776
JSR
;echo b1Jffer to corisole to indicate error
14 143144 012700 000134
it'JPI! \ <CR>
HOV
tl34•RO
15 143150 004767 170354
JSR
PC•CHROUT
16 143154 004767 170344
PC,CRLF
JSR
17 143160 000167 170602
PRINT
iPrint error aessase
.JltP
18
19
;++
20
Cot11and error entr'J Point:
;-21
22
23 143164 012706 007462
tSTACK,SP
CHON2!: MDV
;we caae here fro1 unsPecififd dePth
24 143170 012702 143076
HOV
tllHAT •R2
iPoint to error 1essase
PC,PRHERR
jprint erroneous co1aand line and error 11essa9e
25 143174 004767 177720
JSR
26 143200 012700 000077
ton.Ro
HOV
it':IPI! ? <CR>
27 143204 004767 170320
PC,CHROUT
JSR
28 143210 000402
BR
CHOH3
29
30
Ht
31
General error entr'Ji scrap rest of coaaand line, ter1inate host inPut:
;-32
33
pe,PRHERR
34 143212 004767 177702
ERROR:: JSR
iPrint error 1essase
35 143216 142737 000200 007673 OiOH3:: BICll
tF.LOAD.etHSTFLG;stOP loading fro• host
~6 143224 012706 007462
tSTACK,SP
CHOH3t: ltOV
iwe don't know at which level error occurred
37 143230 005037 007630
mP
iclear both bacJ. Pointer and forward Pointer
CLR
idon't keep rePeatinS bad co11and line
38 143234 005037 007466
CLR
HREPEAT
39 143240 152737 000004 007324
tF.NULLrftLINFLG;act like line was not eaPtY
BISB
40
Ht
Fresh co11and line and repeat entr~ Point:
41
;-42
43
;save old line ParsinS flass
44 143246 000337 007324
HLIHFL6
C"Otf4:: SWAB
@tlIHFL6
ireset line Parsins flass tor new line
45 143252 105037 007324
CLRB
PC,Pl.llGE
;purse botto1 of buffer1 clear runriins Pointer
46 143256 004767 170166
JSR
;repeat line or Pro1Pt for a new one?
47 143262 005737 007466
l!tREPEAT
TST
jpr01Pt for a new one
48 143266 001403
BED
II
49 143270 005337 007466
HREPEAT
icount rePetitions
DEC
50 143274 000543
BR
CHOH5
iar1d re-e>eecute line
51
52 143276 113737 007331 007330 1s:
etPERHOD.etTHPHOD
; restore Fer1ar1ent lodes
ltOVB
53 143304 004767 170214
PC,CRLF
;start a new line
JSR
t<24iSOtOS>tSOtl5•RI
;RAD50 triPlet 'TEH'
54 143310 012701 076725
HOV

A-53

T-11 Evaluation Kodule "ooitor MCRO V05.00 SUnda" 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pase 38-1
Monitor

Cori~ole

ss mm 004767 170464

JSR

56 143320 012700 020076

l«l\I

57 143324 004767 170200
SB 143330 123703 007631
59 143m 001415
60 143336 004767 170600
61 143312 126327 007467 000015
62 143350 001367
63 143352 105037 007324
64 143356 005003
65 143360 142737 000001 007673
66 143366 000506
67
6B H3370 105737 007672
69 143374 001755
70 143376 105737 007673
71 143402 100444
72 143404 132737 000001 007673
73 143412 001403
74 143414 004767 171324
7S 143420 ooom
76
77 143422 004767 170076
78 143426 012701 032153
79 143432 004767 170346
BO 143436 012700 037124
Bl 143442 004767 170062
B2 143446 105737 007672
83 143452 001411
84 143454 004767 171264
85 143460 132737 000001 007673
B6 H3466 001003
87 143470 010100
BB 143472 004767 170032
09 mm 123703 007631
90 143502 001761
91 143504 005003
92 143506 105037 007324
93 143512 000671
94
95 143514 004767 171224
96 143520 106427 000340
97 143524 113702 007631
9B 143530 042702 177400
99 143534 001003
100 143536 120127 000012
101 143542 001407
102 143544 120227 000140
103 143550 103007
104 143552 110162 007470
!05 143556 105237 007631
106 143562 106427 000000
107 143566 000660
108
109 143570 106427 000000
110 143574 012702 14JI04
Ill 143600 000167 177406

2t:

JSR
CKPB

BED

as:

JSR
CKPB
BHE
CLRB
CLR
BICB
BR

3f:

TS18
BEG
TSTB
BK!

me
ll[Q
JSR

9S:

JSR
KilV

5$!

JSR
ftOV
JSR
TSTB

BEG
JSR

me
7t:

4$!

Bii!'.
KOV
JSR
CftPB
BfQ
CLR
CLRB
BR

JSR
ftTPS
ltOVll

101:

11$:

6S!

BIC
BNE
CKPB
BEG
CKPB
BHIS
KOVB
JHCB
KIPS
BR
KTPS
llOll

JKP

;t.,,,.e a sinsle RAP~O triPlet
PC,PRINT!
t400*040I076,RO l\.,e > <SPAC£>
PC,CHROUT
@fFP,R3
isee if a character has been t~~ed
inor so check host buffer
31
Pecho character to console
PC.ECHO
;is last character a <CR>~
BUFFER-llRJl,tOIS
inor wait for one
21
;reset line tla3s fro• £CHO
ULINFLG
iset running POinter to besinnins of line
R3
tF ,[IYTEhl'tHSTFLGiclear host line ~Yte bucket ("0> fla9
;e1eecute line
Cl10N5
;see if we have a character tro1 the host
;nor so back and chec~ console
iare we loadird or just listenins?
iloadinSI
4'
tF,BYTBretHSTFLGiare we i!lnoriru:I host 1essa9es?
91
fno
PC,HGETCH
;~esr set character fro• host
2$
iand throw it awa~

etllFP
2f
etHSTFLG

pC,CRlF
;start a new line to show 1essaS1e fro• host
;RAD50 tri•lel 'HOS'
l<IO•SOtl7>l50t23•RI
lt~Pe a sin3le RAD50 triPlet
pC,PRINT!
t400l0761124,RO ;'T>'
pC,CHROUT
;coaf'lete the header
;see if we hav€ i character
ttHFP
;no1 check console for ke~Press
71
;get character fro1 host buffer
PCrHGETCH
tF.BYTB1@IHSTFLG;are we isnorinSI ho5t aessases?
i~es1 throw character awa~
7$
Rt.RO

PCrCHRIJUT
@lfP,RJ
5$
R3
etLINFLG
1$

;else echo it to console
;see if console t!IPed a character
iif r1ott continue hnst aessase
;PrePare to re-echo console inPut

pc,HGETCH

;seit character trot host buffer
iblock console interrupt for a while
;set console buffer inPut Pointer
;Prevent sisn extend
;we aren't at besinnin~ of line
;throw awa<:1 Ii~ feeds at beSlinninS of line

etfP,R2
tl774QO,R2
101
Rl,1012

;redispla!I Pro1Pt and echo buffer a!:lair1

Ill

iis buffer full!
abort load Process
ltranster character to console input buffer
iad~ance buffer inPut f'Ointer
;restore ioterrUPts
;echo buffer to cor1sole

1000
IOVERFl•Rl
ERROR

il'fstore interrupts
iPoint to error 1essa~e
iand f'rint it

R2·1140
6$
Rl,BUFFERIR21

HFP
tooo

A-54

;~est

T-11 Evaluation KodlJle Honitor MCRO V05.00 Sunda• 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pase 38-2
Console "onitor
112
113
114

;++
Hext co..and entry Point:
;--

llS

116
117 143604
110 1rn10

120 143612
121
122 143616
123 143622
124 143624
125 143630
126 143634
127 143640
128 143M4
129

PC,GETNXT
CKON6

;set first 1eanin~ful character

004767 167570

COl!TIN! !JSR

PC,GETLCH

;recover list acauired character

005737
001004
110337
105337
000337
105037
000402

007466

C"6N6:: TST

HREPEAT

;are we rt'f"eatinS?

007630
007630
007326
007326

BHE
KOVB
DECB
SllAB
CLRB
BR

R3,H8P
HBP
Hctl!COK
HCURCOH
CKON7

~767

ooom

167616

CltONS:: JSR

tt:

;':Jes, so keeP last co11and
;else throw it away

;save old co11and flass
iand initialize thea for next coa1and

it+
Parse tOP level:

130

131
132
133
134 143646
m 143652
136 143656
137
138 143660
139 143666
140 143674
141 143676
142 143702
l43 143704
144 143710
145 143712
146
147 143714
148 143720
149
150 143724
151 143730
152 143732
153 143736
154 143740
155 143742
156 143746
157 l43754
158
159 143756
160 143762
161 143764
162 143770
163 143774
164 143776
165 144002
166
167 144004
168 144010

;-004767 167554
120027 000015
001544
152737
132737
001364
120027
001761
120027
001005
000402

000004 007324
000020 007324

.EHABL
COil.UP: JSR
CHON?: CHPB
BEQ

LSB
PC,G£TNXT
RQ,to15
DOCR

1s:

tF,NIJll,HLINFLGishow th•t line is not eo•t•
tF.COHH1@ILIHFL6iare we in a co11ent'?
;YeS, keep lookins for <CR>
COltlUP
RO,t054
;is it coaaa'l'
;ignore co11as at top level
COHLLf
RO,t033
;is it <ESC>?
21
ino
ERROR2

000054
000033

BISB
BITB
BNE
CHPB
BEQ
CHPB
BNE

;set next aeaninitul character
;is it <CR>?
iYes, so to <CR> handler

1io to seneral e~~ression handler

000167 000354
000167 mm

4S:

JHP
ERROR2! JllP

DOEXl'R
CltOH2

120027
103773
120027
101370
001006
010537
152737
000713

2$!

CHPB
BLO
CHPB
SHI
BHE
HOV
B!SB
BR

iis character control1 sPace1 or '! '?
RO.t042
;¥es1 invalid co11and
ERRm2
RO,tl37
;is it above underscore?
;~esr invalid co11and
ERROR2
;not an underscore
51
iexecute underscore
RS.HSllVEXP
lf,SllVX.@tLINFLG;show ••ndin9 underscore
;!let next cotaanrj
CltllH5

ss:

CffPB

;is it caret?

B"l
DEC
BR

RO,t136
61
@tlADDR
@IT HP HOD
CKDN5
e!IADDR
CltOl/5

C"PB
llNE

RO.tl34
71

Pis it reverse slant?

120027
001010
005337
105737
100703
005337
000700

000042
000137
007336
000010 007324
000136
007756
007330

DEC
TSTB

007756

120027 000134
001017

BNE

6S!

A-55

ino
;execute caret

;are we in b~te 1ode?
bark uP a bYle
;else back UP a whole word
i~t next coaaand
;~es1

;no

T-ll Evaluation l'todule Konitor HACRO V05.00 S•ndas 13-Har-83 04:10
Console Konitor

169 1"'4012 106437 007327
170 144016 001010
171 144020 010537 007756
172 144024 010504
173 144026 004767 011216
174 144032 004767 011042
175 144036 000662
176
177 144040 012702 151372
178 144044 000167 177142
179
180 144050 120027 000133
181 1"'4054 101l21
182 144056 120027 000100
183 144062 101314
184 H4064 001715
185
186 144066 116001 155n4
187 144on 042701 177770
188 144076 006301
189 144100 000171 144104
190
191
192 144104 143164
193 144106 144274
194 144110 151426
1vs 14m2 144124
196 144114 151164
197 144116 144134
198 144120 143164
199 144122 144274
200
201
202 144124 152737 000020 007324
203 144132 000624
204
205
206 144134 004767 167364
207 144140 010746 043164
208 144144 042767 000200 043156
209 144152 010501
210 144154 004767 010716
211 144160 012467 043144
212 1"'4164 000167 177414
213
214
215 144170 105737 007673
216 144174 100426
217 144176 106437 007324
218 144202 001423
219 144204 106437 007325
220 144210 103427
221 144212 013704 007756
m 144216 132737 000004 007325
223 144224 001004
224 144226 013704 007334
225 144232 010437 007756

Pa~e

38-3

HIPS

Ill ASCOH

BNE

HOii

JSR
JSR
BR

RS•@llADDR
RS.R4
PC,TTPADR
PC.TYPLOC
Cl10HS

es:

KOV
JHP

IUNPEFX,R2
ERROR

7t:

CHPB
BHI
CHPB

Ro.1133
ERRDR2
R0,1100

PARDSP: •WORD
.WORD
.WDRD
,WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

CMOH2
DOEXPR
DOLABL
OOCOHK
llOSYHB
OO!IVAL
CKON2
DOEXPR

DOCOHH: BISB
BR

tf,COHHr@tLINFLG;inditate we're in a co1111ent
CllONS
iand continue

OO!IVAL: JSR

it!jPe last expression n1J1ericallY
PC•CRLF
TMPMOD,-<SP)
fsave fla3s
tF.8YTM• lllPHOD i•a~,e word •ode
RS.RI
PCoTYPNHl
; restore fl ass
<SPlt. IKPHOD
CKOllS

llOV

;did the last exPres5ion have undefined s~•bols
;yes, refuse settins of the current address
iexecute reverse slant
;set new address
it~Pe R4 as rru1ber or label
;t~Pe location addressed b~ R~
Pset next co1aand
ierror1 undefined exPression

;is it left bracket?
;no, invalid co11anrj
;is it alPhabetic?
i~es1 beginning of expression or instruction
41
9111
ino1 at si!ln is invalid coa1and
ERRDR2
BED
iwe've narrowed RO to the 042 to 077 ranse
PARAllS-040!RO),RI
;set parsins code
HO\IB
1177770,Rl
;1ask out other infor1atior1
BIC
i1ake it a word index
ASL
RI
@PARDSP!Rll
iand dispatch accordin~l~
J!P
.DSABL LSB

llOV

BIC
HOii
JSR
KOV
JMP

DOCR:: ISIB
BHI

HIPS
BEQ

HIPS
BCS
HOV
BITB
BNE
HOV
MOV

;o 1eans invalid coaaand
fl 1eans §et expression or instruction
;2 1eans define label
;3 1eans stirl co11ent
;4 iaeans define s~1bol
;s aeans tYPe nu1ericoll~
;6 aearrs valid as operator within exPressior1s
;? 1eans both 1 and 6 are true

;are we loadins fro1 host?
HHSIFLG
;~es, suPPress <CR> co11and teat1Jre
31
fll!NFLG
i3et co11and line flaSs
iline is not e1Pt'!f, su do riothins
31
HLASLJH
flast line caused sin9le step, so sleP asairi
51
HIADDR,R4
;set current address
IF,NULL•@ILASl.IN;did las\ line dUI> locations'
61
ino1 so don't advar1te
PtADVADR,R4
iadvance Past last duaP
R4•!11ADDR

A-56

T-11 Evaluation Hodule "onitor "ACRO V05,00 Sooda• IJ-"ar-83 04:10
Console tkmi tor
226 144236
227 144242
228 144246
229
230 144252
231 144256
232 144260
233 IH264
234
235 144270

016705 033535
004767 010734
010437 007334

ot:

005737 007466
001002
l!Oll7 007630
000167 176756

3S:

~·:

000167 003122

ss:

"OV
JSR

"ov
TST

-!,RS
pe, TYPLIH
R4 •HADVADR

Pa~e

38-4

itYPe a line of locations
;save next address for subseGuent du1P
iare we rePeatinS?

;14es1 so keep c:o11and line
;no, discard executed co11arrds

JKP

HREPEAT
4f
RJ,etBP
CKOH4

JKP

STEP

;execute single steP

BHE
KO\li

A-57

T-11 Evaluation "odule 11onitor MACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-!ar-83 04!10 Pa!ie 39
Console rtoni tor
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 144274
15 144300
16 !W04
17 14H06
18 141312
19 144314
20 144320
21 144322
22 144326
23 144330
24 144332
25 144336
26
17 144340
18 144342
29 Hm•
30 144350
31 144354
32 144356
33 144362
34 144364
35 144370
36 144372
37 144376
38 144400
39 144404
40 144410
41 144412
42 144414
43 144420
44
45 144422
46
47 144426
48 144430
49 144434
50
51
52 144440
53 144H6
54 144452
55 144456
56 144460
57 144466

.SBTTL Parsin9 Routines

;++
DOEXPR parses an expression' instruction, directiver or verb, and handles
it accordin!ih~. If aPProPriate, e»Pressions are deposited at the current
location. Note that the old value of R2 (which 1a'J be a Pointer to • s":11bol
froa the last invocation of DOEXF'R) is saved before Parsir1!l an expression.
This is to acroaodate the .ESC directive1 whose Parsing will chan!le the value
of R2, The old value is needed for seouences such as <s'=l1bol> .ESC K •
The old value of EXPf"LG is also savedr for the saae reason.
;-004767
120027
001453
120027
001450
106437
102010
106437
100063
102003
005737
100031
010405
120027
001432
120027
001427
110027
001424
120027
001421
106437
100420
004767
105737
100406
010514
005237
000403

000212
000072

.ENABL LSB
DOEXPR: :JSR
PC•GENEXP

CHPB
BEQ
CHPB
BEQ
HTPS
BVC
HTPS
BPL
BVC
1ST
BPL

000075
007326
007332
007706

9S!
000077

2s:

000134
000137
000033
007324
010120
007330

HOV
CHPB
BEQ
CltPB
BEQ
Clf'B
BEQ
CHPB
BEQ
HTPS
BHI
JSR

007756

R0,1072
10
R0,1075
141
HCURCOH
21
~IEXPfLG

81
91

@IFLA651
31
R~1R5

R0.1077
141
R0,1134
141
RO,tl37
141
R0,1033
141
HLINFLG
61
PC,ADRCHI
HTHPHOD

Bill

INC
"°"
BR

R5,@R4
i!IADDR
51

iset an exPression
fis next character :?
iljl?S• isoore expression
;is next character ;?
i':lfs1 ignore expression
;has RS been set?
i~es1 not Just a naae
fwhat is na111e'?
;predefined s~tbal
jdefined user ss1bol, proceed
;else see if we are in PASSl ~ode
iuiier defined na1e has no value ir1 P~Ss2, error
;;et na1e's value
iis next character 1 ? 1 ?
;11es' do nothin;
;is it \?
;ses1 do riothin;
;is it _?
;ses, do nothin~
Hs it <ESC>'

;ses1 do nothin!I
ihas under line been ex!K'uted?
;~es1 duaP RAH locations
jchec~ if odd address or not in user RAH
iare we in b~te 1ode?
i1:1es
tde~osit data word

000167 176536

3S:

JltP

C"ON2

110514
005237 0077S6
000167 l 77152

4S:

"OVB
INC
JHP

R5,@R4
eHADDR
CON TIN

BICB
HOV
JSR
BNE

IF,SAVX1HllllfLG
;~et startins address
@ISAVEXM4
idutP a line of locations
PC• TYPLIN
141

BITB

tF.IHSTr@tTHPKODiavoid t!:lfin; duPlicate addresses

BEQ

ss:
14S:

142737 000010 007324 6S:

013704 007336
7S:
004767 010524
11s:
001366
132737 000100 007330 10$!
001771

A-58

jdefiosit bste of data
irecover last character1 Parse next co11and

11 Ev1luation ttodule Mord tor KACRO VOS,00 Sunda. 13-Kar-83 04110

Pa~e 39-1

rsimJ Routines
58 144470
59 144474
60
61 144476
62 144500
63 144502
64
65 144506

66
67

004767 010512
000770

JS!l

102403
103317
000167 005500

Sl:

000167 002460

12$!

BVS
BCC
JKP

PC, TYPLINH
111

m
91
G!:TINS

Jlil'
DOVER8
.DSABl LSB

A-59

iis a directive or verb
;is R01 ,, Bl, etc.
ielse is an instruction
;handle directives and verbs

T-11 Evaluation Hodull! Konitor KACRD V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 01:10 Pase 40

Parsin9 Routines

;++
G£TEXP F<arsl!s a whole expression anO returns its volue in RS.
GEHEXP Parses an exf'ression or reco!lf1izes ari instruction or ;':laboL

2
3
4
5
6

7 144512
8 144520
9
10 144522
II 144526
12 144532
13 144540
14 144542
IS 144546
16 144550
17 144554
18 144556
19 144562
20 144564
21 144570
22 144574
23 144600
24 144602
25 144606
26 144610
27 144614
28 144616
29 144622
30 144624
31 144630
32 144632
33 144636
34 144640
3S 144"44
36 144646
37 144652
38 144656
39 144662
40 144664
41 144666
42 144670
43 144674
44 144676
45
46 144700
47 144702
48 144710
49 144714
50 144716

;-.ENABL LSB
tF.VALUrftCURCOHiset fla~ to allow non-valu~ objects
152737 000002 007326 GENEXP: :BISB
isYCh as undefined S':llbolsr directives, etc.
BR
7i
000402
004767
005037
152737
005004
120027
001464
120027
001461
120027
001004
004767
004767
120027
001522
120027
001517
120027
001003
004767
000436
004767
100403
004767
000430
004767
100476
004767
106737
106437
100406
102446
103016
10i>437
102442
000412

GETCW'\I
ROol043
11
PCoEXINIT
PCoGETNXT
R0.1074
LPAREN
R0,1133
LPAREN
R0,1047
3•
PCoGETLIT
GETOPV
PC1111J"CH
2•
PC,GETNHB
GETDPV
PCoRADCH

000576
007332
007332

PC,6ETNAH
@IEXPFLG
@IEXPFLG

102011
142737 000004 007326
005737 007706
100032
000402

004767
004767
120027
001506
56 1~-4736 120027
57 !H142 001507

JSR
HFPS
KIPS
BHI
BVS
BCC
HTPS
BVS

007326

52 144720
53 144724
54 14U30
SS 144734

;initialize al'td set valued expression
;clear level counter and ter1 flags
tF.UNDF,~tCURCOH;clear undefined expression tlas
;initialize ter1 re~ister
R4
ROol053
;is it +?
;!:lest accept o~erator
GETOPV
;is it -'?
ROrt055

GETEXP: :JSR
000452
007332
7!:
CLR
000004 007326
BISB
GETEX!: CLR
000053
CHPB
BED
000055
CHPB
BED
GETERlt: : CltPB
oooon
BNE
000402
JSR
16U32
JSR
CKPB
000074
lf!
BED
000133
CHPB
BED
000047
CltPB
BNE
001236
JSR
BR
007526
3f:
JSR
BHI
JSR
000450
BR
007436
2i:
JSR

000246
166456
000076
000135

e•:

PC•EXINI!
mXPFLG

iis it t?
iset valued expression
;set next character
iis it <?
;':lesr do left Parenthesis
lis it [?
P':les, do left Parenthesis
iis it ''?
;oo

iParse literal ter1
;force vilued e:.:?ression <ind gel operator
iis it nu1eric?
ino
iset nulber
;force vah1ed exPressioru 9et operator
;is it RAD~O character?
ino, illesal character
;parse naaed object
isave condition flass
;recover actual values
iuser defined s<::1111bol or undefined na1e
ia directive or verb, tr~ to exit
iPredefined s~abol1 Set oPeraloriis this a valued expression?
;no1 we have an instruclior1.1 tr':I lo exit
iuse base value of instruction as data, Set Of'•

ENDEXP
GETOPR
HCURCOH
ENDEXP
GETDPR

BVC
BICB
TST
BPL
BR

;proceed if user s~1bol if defined
tf,UNDfr@tcuRCOH;show we have encountered an ~ndefined S':llbol
@IFLAGSJ
iare we in PASS1?
ENllEXP
Jno1 don't allow undefined s'>lbol ir1 et:f'ression
h1es1 proceed with expression
GETDPR

GETOPV: :JSR
GETOPR::JSR
CKPB
BEQ
CHPB
BED

GETDPR

PCoEXINIT
PCoGETLCH
Ro.!076
RPAREN
R0,1135
FPAREN

A-60

;initialize data expression
irecover last character
iis it>?
;~esr do ri~ht Parenthesis
;is it J?

i!:lesr do risht Parenthesis fetch

t-11 £valuation Module Monitor MACRO l/05, 00 Sund•' 13-Mar-83 04:10 Pase 40-1
~int Routines

'\.,'\\\'\

~59"'"'''
144750 '\"L'l'>L\
103412 ~'"
60 141752
61 1H756
62 144760
63 144764
64 144770
65 144774
66
67 144776
68
69 145002
70 145006
71 145010
72 1!5014
73 145016
74 145022
75 145024
76 145026
77 145030
78 145034
79 145036
80
81 145042
82
83 145046
84
85 145052
ea 145054
87 145060
Bil 145062
89 145066
90 145072
91 145076
91 145101
93 145106
94 14SllO
95 145114
96 1451!6
97 145122
98
99 145124
100 145130
101 145134
102 145140
103 145144
104 145150
105
106 HSl52
107 145156
108 145160
109
110 145162
111 145166
112 145170
113
114 145172

120027
103007
116001
042701
020127
103053

BLO
CHPB
BH!S
HDVll
B!C
CKP
BH!S

000060
155774
17777Q

000006

""' '"' "

\\~ .....~'"\,~\~"'\ "*.\."'\$\ '~·

61
;~es1 not an operator
RO.t060
;is it above /?
61
;~es1 not an operator
;s:et Parsiris: code
PARAKS-0401RO),RI
;1ask out the s:arbas:e
t177770•Rl
Rt.16
; is it an oPerator?
DOOPER
;lS!sr do operator

004767 000216

6$!

JSR

PC•EXDOOP

;no 1ore 0Perators1 but de Previous one

105737
001015
106437
102410
106437
100401
102406
102003
005737
100101
000167

EHDEXP: TSTB
BHE
HTPS
BVS
KTPS
Biil
BVS
91:
B'JC
TST
Bf'l
5S:
JKP

@ILEVEL
131
HCURCOH
51
@tEXPFLG
91
131
51
HFLA6SI
121
6ETLCH

;are we at top level?
ino1 error
;is expression suPPosed to be valued?
;not necessaril'S
;was ter• valued?
;no, but it was user defined
;r;o, error
iwas valued, no Proble1
iare we in PASSl?
inor undefined s~1bol is not allowed
iset last character back in RO

CltOH2

ishow error

007333
007326
007332

007706
166344

JKP

000167 176116

131:

020627 007410

LPAREH: CHP

IOJ773
004767
010546
113746
105237
004767
004767
004767
010504
112637
012605
004767
000700
004767
004767
004767
110037
004767
000602

000112
007343
007333
000102
166324
177432

007343
l66J04

000042
000004
1662..6
007343
166256

SP,IBOTTOMt10.t22.t2, iis there roo1 to recurse?
i(that was Swords for future JSRsr 11 for interuPts, and 1 safety)
131
;no, Parenthesis too deep
8LO
;force UPPer expression to be valued
JSR
Pc.EX!NIT
R5,-(SP>
HOV
;save accu1ulator
@tOPERAT .-CSP> iand previous operator
MOV8
ishow we are s:oins deeper
IHCB
etlEVEl
;initialize accu1. and operator for neKt level
JSR
PC.EX!Hl!
PC,GETHXT
;get first character of nested expression
JSR
;get value of nested e>:Pression
JSR
PC.GETEXl
R51R4
h1ested value becotes operand
HOV
(5Plt.@tlJP£RAT ;re-cover operator
ltOVB
KOV
tSPlt.RS
iand accuaulator
PC,GETNXT
i~et character after risht Paren
JSR
;and look for next operator
SR
GETOPR

DOOPER: JSR
JSR
JSR
ltOVB
JSR
BR

PC.EXIH!T
Pc.moor
PC,GETLCH
RO,@IOPERAT
PC.GETHXT

GETERH
HLEVEL

;force valued expression
iexecute Previous operator
is:tit new operator
istore it
iset next character
Hook for a ter•
;are we at top level?
i~s1 too tanY riSht Parenthesis
ido last operator inside Parenthesis ~rid return

105337 007333
100731
000417

RPAREH: DECB

004767 177764
011505
000207

FPAREH: JSR
HOV
RTS

PC1RPAREH
@RS.RS
PC

;do a fetch

106437 007326

EXIHIT: HTPS

HCURCOll

jh.Js expression alread~ beer1 initialized?

BK!

131

EXDOOP

A-61

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Honitor ltACRO \I05, 00 5"nda• 13-Har-83 04110 Pa•• 40-2
ParsinS Routines
115 145176
116 145200
117 145206
118 145210
119 145216
120
121 145220

102007
BVC
!12737 000053 007343 EXIN!li HOVB
CLR
005005
a!CB
142737 000002 007326
4$!
RTS
000207
106437 007326

122 145224 102774
123 145226
124 145232
125 145234
126
127 145240
128 145244
129
130
131 145250
132 145252
133 145254
m 145256
135 145260
136 145262
137 145264
138 145206
139 145270
140 145272
141 145274
142 145276
143 145300
144 145302
145 145304

113701 007343
006301
000171 145146

EXDOOP! HTPS
BVS
HOVB
ASL
JHP

012702 151372
000167 175742

12•:

152130
143164
143164
143164
143164

OPRTBL: .wo1rn

152134
143164
143164
143164
152142

152154
14l164
152160
143164
152164

i':les
jset t as default operator
iclear ex?ression arcuaulator
RS
tF,VALU1etCURCOHishow exPression is valued
41
t053.HOPERAT

iif expression is valuedr do operator
@tCURCOH
inot valued
41
iSet oP-erator
HOPERAT,Rl
iaake a word index
RI
@OPRTBL-102fR1 I iexecute operator

HOV
tUHDEfX,R2
JllP
ERROR
.DSABL LSB

.WORD
.WRD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
,WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

LOGOR
CHOH2
Cl!OH2
CHOH2
CHOM2
LOGAHD
CHOM2
CHON2
CHON2
HULT IP
ADD IT
CH0/12
SUBTR
CHON2
DIVID

A-62

iPoint to undefined exPressior1 aessa!le
ishow error

..'
i!

';(
;)

;t
;,
;;,
;;

T-11 Evaluation "odule "onitor MCRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:1o Pa•e 41
Parsins Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 145306
7 145310
8 145312
9 145316
10 145322
11 145324
12 145326
13 145330
14 145334
15 145336
16 145342
17 145344
18
19 145350
20 145354
21 145360
22 145362
23 145364
24 145370
25 145372
26 145374
27 145376
28 145400
29
30 145402
31 145404
32 145410
33 145412
34
35 145414
36 145420
37 145424
38 mm
39 145432
40 14543-4
41 145436
42 145440
43 145442
44 145444
45 145446

;++
GETHHB parses a nulber and returns all condition fla!is lowered.

;-005303
010346
004767
004767
100373
012603
005001
120027
001427
004767
100402
000167

GETNJtB::DEC
HOV
166000
007034

1s:

175614

4t:

JSR
JSR
BPL
HOV
CLR
CHPB
BEO
JSR
11111
JHP

004767 165742

3f:

JSR

000056
006740

R3
R3,-ISPl
PC,G!:TCH
PC,NUHCH
II

IS1'l+.R3
RI
Ro,t056
2$
PC•RADCH
31
CllOH2
PC,GETCH
PC,NIJllCH
Sf

oom1 006776

JSR

100410
102770
162700 0000•0
006301
006301
006301
060001
000763

BHI
BVS
SUB
ASL
ASL
ASL
ADD
llR

t060,RO
RI
RI
RI
RO.RI
31

005303
004767 166016
010104
000207

Sf:
6f:

DEC
JSR
HOV
RTS

R3
PC,6£TNXT
Rl,R4
PC

004767 165676
004767 006732
100767
162700 000060
006301
010146
006301
006301
062601
060001
000762

2s:

JSR
JSR
BK!
SUB
ASL
HOV
ASL
ASL
ADD
ADD
BR

PC•llfTCH
PC,Hl.llfCH
6•
to60,RO
RI
Rl,-!SPl
Rt
RI
ISPlt,Rl
ROrRI
21

A-63

;save runninS Pointer to Peek. ahead
iis it 0 thtou!fh 9?
hies' wait tor first rion-nuaeric character·
;~ back

to besinnir19' of nu1ber

;is first non-nuaeric character a Period?
;~es1 Parse a deci1al nulber
;is it alphabetic?
;no, Parse an octal nu.tier
;ille!ialr libel besins with a nu1ber
;is it 0 throu!ih 7 or a throu!ih 9?
inor end of nu1ber
;s and 9 are ille!i'al in octal nu1bers
P1ike it BCD

; accUMJlate di Sits
;set next di9it
;~et character after nu1ber
;store value of ou1ber

;trailins deci•al F'Oir1t

iaccU1ulate di!lits
iset next di!lit

T-11 Evaluation llodvle llonitor MACRO V05.00 Sunday ll-Har-83 04!!0 Paie 42

P•rsins Routines
1
2
l
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

it!
GETNAtl Parses a na1e and converts it into RADSO at locations TBL TOP arid

T8tTOP!2. If the na1e has a corres?ondins value1 it is Placed in R4.
R2 is an index to where the na1e is stored. It can index either the RAD50
table in ROH for Predefined s~abols1 or the user s~•bol table. GETNAH
returns condition flags to indicate these oPtions as follows:
V=l 1eans the na1e has no value

N=l 1eans the natie is user defined (not ~redefined)
C=l 1eans the na1e is a 1ne1onic1 directive, or verb
N=01 V=01 C=O 1eans that the naae is R01 SP1 PC1 B1r UR1 etc.
N;:::Q, V=01 C=l aeans that the naae is an instruction

N=01 V=l1 C=l eeans that the naae is directive or verb
N=l• V=1 aeans that the na1e is an undefined s~abol
N=1t V=O 1eans that the naae is a user s~1bol

15
16
17
18
19 145450
20 145456
21 145460
22 145464
2l 145UO
24 145U4
25 145476
26 145502
27 145504
28 145510
29 145516
30 145520
ll 145524
32 1455l0
3l 145534
34 1455lb
l5 115542
36 145544
l7 145550
38 145554
39 145556
40
41 145560
42 145564
43 145570
44 145576
45 145600
46 145604
47 H5610
48 145612
49 H5616
50
51 145022
52 145624
SJ 145630
54 145632
55 1456l6
56 145640
57 145644

;-.EHAl!t LSB

112737
005001
004767
004767
004767
100431
105337
OO!l66
0101l7

112737

000003 007341 GETHAK! !KOIJll
CLR
1s:
JSR
0067l2
JSR
105026
JSR
006606
BH!
Dl:CB
007l41
BNE
llOV
oomo
HOVB
000003 007341
CLR
JS:
JSR
OOW2
JSR
165566
JSR
006546
BH!
DECB
007l41

005001
004767
004767
004767
100421
105l37
001366
oom7 165546
004767 006526
100373

4s:

JSR
JSR

BPl
BR

ooom

2s:
004767 000204
O!Oll7 007l20
012737 000003 007l41
005001
6t:
004767 000244
5t:
~101l7 007322
005l03.
004767 165610
Oll700 007320

JSR

005002
020062 156142
001011
020162 156144
001414
020127 006200
00100l

ClR
CHP
BNE
CHP

...

10t:

ltOV

HOV
CLR
JSR
HOV
DEC
JSR
HOV

BEO
CHP

BNE

1J,etCOUNT2
Rl
PCoASCRAD
Pc.GETCH
PCoRADCH
21
etCOUllT2
11
Rlo@tTBLTOP
tloHCOUHT2
Rl
PCoASCRAD
PCoGETCH
PCoRADCH
61
etCOUHT2
31
PCoGETCH
PCoRADCH
41
51
PCoPADRAD
R!oHTBLTOP
lloHCOUHT2
Rl
PC,PADRAD
R!oHTBLTOP!2
R3
PCoGETNXT
@IUlTDPoRO
R2
ROoDSYHSCR21

iconvert ASCII in RO to RADSO in Rl
;get next character
iis it a le~al RAD50 character?
ino1 end of naae

idiscarO all characters after 6
;i~ character still Part of na1e?
;:ies
iPad Rt with spaces
istore first word of na1e

;set next 1eaninsful character

;Ro, Rl contain converted na•e
ico1Pare na1e to predefined ones

m
R!oDSYHS!2!R21
;get value of Predefined s:iabol
PDSVAL
;aight this be a bste 1ode 1ne1onic?
Rt.150*50102
1a
ino

A-64

T-11 EYaluation Module Monitor llACRO V05.00 SYnd.l• 13-Kar-B3 04:10 Pa!!e 42-1
Parsins Routines

SB 145646
59 145652
60 145654
61 145656
62 145662
63 145664
64
65 145670
66 145674
67 145676
68 145700
69 145702
70 145706
71 145710

005762 156144
001406
022222
020227 000770
103760
000167 003670
020227 000054
103401
002005
006202
016204 007732
006302
000405

TST

ern
1a:
21$!

CKP
CKP
BLO
JKP

PDSVAL: !CHP

13t:

BLO
BGE
ASR
KOV
ASL

DSYKSt21R2l
PDSVAL
IR2lt.IR2lt
RbtTOPNAK
IOI
GETSYK

iand is na1e the saae without triilin! 'B'?
i~esr handle b~te 1ode case
iadYar1ce to next naae
iend of table?
inot <;iet
ino 1atch to Predefined s~1bols

R2,tDSYKUR-DSYKS;now ~t s•1bol's value in R4

iRO throu!lh •
;B:1 or hi!her
i•ake a word inde>;

141
R2
IROIR2hR4
R2
151

CHP
BHIS
KDV

R2•tDIRVRB-DSYKS
;sASIC or hi!lher
71
8RKFIL-<DSYKURt4-DSYKS>IR2J,R4 m throy!!h 84

;Ro thrOtJ!!h ,

73 145712 020227 000100
74 145716 103004
75 145720 016204 007700
76 145724 000257
77 145726 000207
78
79 145730 020227 000300
80 145734 103003
Bl 145736 000277
B2 145740 000250
83 145742 000207
84
85 145744 006202
B6 145746 016204 155440
Bl 145752 006302
ea 145754 020227 000340
89 145760 103003
90 145762 012702 000064
91 145766 000421
92
93 145770 020121 006200
94 145774 001014
95 145776 020021 075131
96 146002 001411
97 146004 006202
98 146006 006202
99 146010 105762 155744
100 146014 100323
101 146016 006302
102 146020 006302
103 146022 052704 100000
104 146026 162702 000340
105 146032 000257
106 146034 000261
107 146036 000207
108
109
110 146040 012700 000040
111 146044 004167 006346
112 146050 105337 007341
l1J 146054 001371
114 146056 000207

14$:
15t:
7$:

iflas a Predefined s~•bol
iand return

CCC

RTS

CKP
ll!HS

R2,ICKNEKS-DSYKS
iCLC or hisher
171

sec

17t:

1Bt:

20s:
19t:

;fla3 a directiYe or Yerb

CLN
RTS

ASR
KDV
ASL
CKP
BHIS
KDV
BR

R2
CBASES-<<CKNEKS-DSYKS>l2>1R2J,R4
R2
R2,IKNEKS-DSYKS
HiALT or hi!lher
181
IKNCCC-KNEHS,R2 ;index 1neoonic CCC
191

CKP
BNE
CKP
BEQ
ASR
ASR
TSTB
BPL
ASL
ASL
BIS
SUB
CCC
SEC
RTS
,DSABL

Hwte 1ode naae?
R!.150.50102
201
ino
iSWAB ane1onic?
R0,1<23150t27>•SOtOI
i~es1 not b~te 1ode
201
R2
R2
;instruction le!lal in b~te 10<
PARAllS-<<KNEKS-DSYKS>l4>1R2l
;no
211
R2
R2
llOOOOO,R4
iadjust opcode to b~te •ode
tKNEKS-DSYl'!SrR2 ;ad...iust index to instr1Jction table

PADRll KOV

JSR

PAllRADl om
BNE
RTS

iand rli:!tum
i!iet Yalue of •net1onic

;rJa!I an instruction

m
1040,RO
PC,ASCRAD
@ICOUlfl2
PADRI
PC

A-65

iroutine to pad RADSO triPlet with spaces

T-11 Evaluation Mo6ule Monitor HACRO V05.00 SUl\da• 13-Har-83 04:10
Parsins Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 146060
7 146064
a 146070
9 H6072
10
11 146076
12 146100
13
14
15 146104
16 146110
17 146114
18 146116
19 146122
20 146124
21 146132
22 146130
23 146140
24 146146
25
26 146150
27 146154
28
29
30 146156
31 146162
32 146166
33 146170
34 146174
35
36
37 146176
3a 146202
39 146206
40
41 146210
42 146214
43 146220
44
45 146222
46 146230
47
48 146232
49 146240
so 146242
51 146246
52 146250
53 146252
54 146256
55 146262
56 146266
57

Pa~e 43

it+
GETLIT Parses ASCII liter•ls.
;--

Jllf'

CltOH2

iset next character' don't fold case
iis it <CR>?
ioo
;error, no character on line

ltOV
JllP

RO•R4
GETNXT

istore value
;get next character, return

004767 165326
120027 000015
001002
000167 175066

GETLIT::JSR
CllPB
BNE

010004
000167 165322

1s:

110137
004767
005303
105737
100403
042737
120027
001106
113737
000502

SETHOD: HOVB
JSR
llEC
TSTB
007330
BH!
BIC
000001 007756
1s:
CHPB
000015
BNE
KOVB
007330 007331
BR
007330
165312

m101 000002

EABS:: B!SB
BR

000753

PC.GETCHC
R0.1015
1$

RhHTHPHOD
PC,GETNXT
R3
etTHl'ltOD
1$

;fix address when leavins b':tte 1ode
lhetlADDR
iis 1ode co11and last co11and on line?
RO,to!S
ECON
ino
;1:tes1 set per1anent 1odes
flTKPHOD,@IPERKOD
ECON
tF .ABS.RI
SETKOD

012700 000020
105060 007757
077003
005037 007754
000467

ECAH:: HOV

142701 000100
152701 000200
000736

EBYT:: 9!CB
BISB
BR

IF. !HST ,RI
IF.BYTH•Rl
SET HOO

142701 000200
152701 000100

EINS: ! B!CB
BISB
BR

IF.BYTK,Rl
IF.INST,Rl
SETKOD

000731

1s:

Cl.RB
SOB
CLR
BR

012737 007320 007462 ECLR:: HOV
BR
000451
132737
001447
106437
100044
102443
162702
004767
004767

ooom

000002 007327 ED£L:: B!T9
EDEL!: BEQ
KTPS
007332
BPL
BVS
SUB
000006
JSR
003620
JSR
003406
BR

t20rRO
BRKfll-l!ROI
Ro.u
@llWATCH
ECON

tTBl.TOP,@tfBL80Ti1ove s!:!lble table Pointer to el1't!:I Position
ECON

tF,VALU,@tlASCOK;was last 1 co11arid 1 valued?
i1:tes1 not just a na1e
EERR
!IEXPFLB
El:RR
EERR
16,R2
PC,TYPSYK
PC,DELSYH
ECON

A-66

;can't delete ?rerjef ined s!:l1bols
;can't delete a forward reference
;back Uf' to specified entry
;t!t'Pe current value before deletin~
;delete entry

T-11 £valuation "odule Monitor 1111CRO VOS, 00 Sund.,, 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 43-1
Parsin!I Routines
58 146270
59 146274
60
61
62 146276
63 146301
64 146306
65
66 146312
67 146316
6B
69
70 146320
71 146324
72 146330

142701 000300
000703

EHUH:: 8ICB
BR

tf,INSTtf ,BYTH,RI
SET HOD

010537 007466
110337 007630
000167 174734

EREP:: HOV

JHP

RS,etREPEAl
R3,eJBP
CHOH4

142701 000002
000672

ESYM::

BICB
BR

tF.ABS,RI
SETHOD

004767 165102
004767 176172
000115

EEXT!: JSR

PC,GETHXT
PC,GETEXP

llOVB

;enable repeated execution
;act like a new line starts after <ESC> N
iexecute rest of line rePeatedl~

f9et character after Z
iParse transfer address

JSR
JKP

eR5

016746 040772
£REG::
042767 000200 040764
004767 003360
012667 040754
000167 175224
£COH:
000167 174600
EERR:

HOV
BIC
JSR
HO\I
JHP
JHP

lKPHOD,-ISP>
ifor b~te •ode
tf.BYJH,JKPHOD ;
PC,TYPREG
it~P.e contents of resisters arrd watd1Po1nt
<SP>+.THPltOD
irestore fla!is
CltOH5
CHOH2

EttOV::
106437 007324
100373
010501
013701 007336
142737 000010 007324
005737 007706
100760
020201
103760
105737 007330
100404
042701 000001
052702 000001
013704 007756
1•:
060104
l60104
010400
105737 007330
100401
005304
004767 006044
2f!
004767 006034

HTPS

@tl!HFLG
;see if ut'Jderline has been executed
;it hasn't--error-- 1issins ~ara1eter
EERR
R5,R2
tset final address of SQUrce 1e1or~ block
@tSAVEXP,RI
;set startin9 address of source
tF .SAVX1@tlINFLGishow that saved eXPression has beer1 used
@tflAGSI
iare we in PASS! 1ode?
ECON
jyes' don't execute 1ove
R2,Rl
;is final address below startins address?
;~es, show error
EERR
iare we in byte 1ode?
etTHPHOD
11
iws
;else force startin9 address to even boundary
ti.RI
tl1R2
iand final address to odd boUfldar~
;!let starting address of destination block
@OADDR,R4
R2,R4
icalculate final address fre1 lenSth of source
Rl•R4
R4,RO
isave result for later
iare we in byte 1ode?
@t!HPHOD
21
iYes
R4
iadjust result for Previous BIC and ~IS
;check that final destination address is le9al
PC,ADRCH2
;get startini destination address and check it
PC,ADRCHl
inow see if destination addressl>S straddle Protected RAH
iis final addr below lower instance of Prat RAH
RO.HUR
;yes• destination ranse OK
31
;is start addr above uPPer instance of Prot RAH
R4·120000
31
;~es' destination ran9e OK
idoes destin overlap lower instance of prot RAH
R4•tl0000
;~es1 ranse is un~ePtable
0
iis final addr below UPPer instance of Prat RAH
Ro.120000
;this is a trick test -- we know RO is not
;within the ran•• IURtl0000--17777 lro1 ADRCH2
;yes• ran!ie doesn't overlaP UPP!r instance
31
llJSERAH,R2
iPoint to user RAM error •essa!e

74 146332
75 146336
76 1463H
77 146350
78 146354
79 146360
BO
Bl 146364
B1 146370
B3 146372
B4 146m
85 146400
86 146406
87 146412
BB 146414
B9 146416
90 146420
91 146414
92 146426
93 146432
94 146436
95 146441
96 146444
97 146446
98 146450
99 146454
100 146456
101 146460
101 146464
103
104 146470
105 146474
106 146476
107 146501
IOB 146504
109 146510
110 146512

020027 006500

Bf'l

HOV
HOV
BICB
TSl
SHI
CHP
BLO

BHI
BIC
BIS
l!OV

ADD
SUB
HO\I
lSTB
BHI
DEC
JSR
JSR

103415

CHP
Bt.O

010427 020000
103012
020427 010000
103403
020027 020000

BHIS
CHP
BLO
CHP

CHP

111
112

113 146516 103404
114 146520 011702 154476

4t:

BLO
HOV

A-67

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor tw:RO V05,00 Sund•' 13-Har-SJ 04:10 Pa;e 43-2
ParsinS Routines
115 H6524 000167 174462
116
3t:
117 146530 020401
118 146532 101004
6S:
119 146534 112124
120 146536 020102
121 146540 101775
122 146542 000704
123
ss:
124 146544 005202
125 146546 005200
7i:
126 146550 umo
127 146552 020201
128 146554 101375
129 146556 IXl0676
130
EFND::
131 146560 106437 007324
132 146564 1002r.i
133 146566 010537 007334
134 146572 142737 000010 007324
135 146600 004767 164622
136 146604 004767 175712
137 146610 024646
138 146612 010516
139 146614 005066 000002
140 146620 120027 IXl0!37
141 146624 001010
142 146626 004767 164574
143 146632 004767 175664
144 146636 010566 IXl0002
145 146642 005166 000002
tt::
146 146646 013704 007336
2t:
147 146652 105737 007330
148 146656 100430
149 146660 042704 000001
ISO 146664 Ol1401
m 146666 011600
152 146670 074001
!SJ 146672 046601 000002
154 146676 001005
st:
!SS 146700 004767 006344
156 146704 004767 006204
157 146710 000405
Jt:
!SB 146712 OOS204
159 146714 105737 007330
160 146no 100401
161 146722 005204
6t!
162 146724 020437 007334
163 146730 1017SO
164 146732 022626
165 116734 000167 174652
166
167 146740 111401
4t:
168 146742 011600
169 146744 074001
170 146746 0466()1 000002
171 146752 042701 177400

JKP

ERROii

P~rint error aessase

CHP
BHI

R4•Rl
51
IRllt.IWt
R1,R2
61
ECOH

;now see if destination block is above or below
;source -- above 1eans use backward transfer
;else do forward transfer

R2
RO
-IR21,-(ROI
R2•Rl
71
ECOH

;adjust Pointer$ for autodecre1ent

llOVB

CKP
BLOS
BR
INC

IHC
KOVB
CHP
BHI
BR

KTPS
BPL
KOV
BICB
JSR
JSR
CHP
KOV
CLR
CHPB
BNE
JSR
JSR
KOV
COi!
KOV
TSTB
BK!
BIC
KOV
KOV
XO!I
BIC
BHE
JSR
JSR

INC
TSTB
BK!
IMC
CKP
!LOS
CKP
JHf'
KOVB
HOV
XOR
B!C
B!C

@tl!NFLG
EERR
R5' etADVl\DR

ido entire block

f Perfor1 backward transfer
ido er1tire block

;see if 1Jrtderline has been e~ecuted
;it hasn't--error--aissing Para1eter
;$ave uPPer search ranse li1it

tf' .SAVX1@tlINFLG;show that saved e>:Pressior1 has been used
;get character after f'

PC,GETNXT
PC,GETEXP
-<SPl.-(SPI
RS,ISPI
21SPI
R0,1137
II

PC•GETNXT
PC,GETEXP
R5•21SPl
21SPl
HSAVEXP,R4
HTKPKOD
0

t!.R4
@R4,R1
ISP!.RO
RO.RI
2!SPl.R1
31
PC,TYPAllR
PC, TYPLOl
61
R4
@tTMPHOD
61

R4
RMtADVADR
21
ISPlt. ISf'lt
CONTIH
~R4•Rl

ISP!.RO
RO,Rl
21SPhR1
tl77400,R1

A-68

i!et \lal!Je ta be searched for
;aake space for two scratch location on stack
;save val1Je to be searched for or1 stac~;
;initialize co1P-le1ent of search 1as~. to zero
iis next character an underscore?
;no, oPtional task Paraaeter not present
;~et character after underscore
iset search 1ask
lstore it on stack
;co1Ple1ent aask
i!let starting address of search range
fare we in bYte 1ode
;~es' Perfor1 bYtewise search
;for word search, 1ake sure address is even
;get a word
i~et search value
jco1Pare values
i1snore bits that are 1asked out
;no 1atch
;t~Pe address of 1atched location
it'*'e contents1 but not as an instruction
iTYPL01 already incretented R4
;advance to next location
;are we in b~te 1ode?
;~es, advance b'J one
ielse advar1ce a whole word
isee it er1tire ran!!e has been checked
;contil)Ue searchin~
idiscard stacked val1Jes
;rt't'over character in R01 farse riext r-oaaand
;.set a b~te
i!!et search value
i co1Pare values
iignore bits that are aasked out
iisnore discrePancies in high b~te

T-11 fv•lu•tilXl Hodule Konitor HACRO V05,00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa!le 43-l
Patsin~ Routines

172 H6756 000747
173
174
175 H6760 004767
176 146764 013704
177 146770 012702
178 146n4 032704
179 147000 004767
180 147004 032704
181 147010 004767
182 147014 ll3704
183 147020 012702
18-4 147024 132704
185 147030 001402
186 IU032 004767
187 147036
188 147036 012702
189 147041 132704
190 147046 001002
191 147050 012701
191 147054 004767
193 147060 012701
194 147064 131704
195 147070 001401
196 won 004767
197 147076 012701
198 147101 131704
199 147106 001001
100 147110 004767
101 147114 012701
102 147110 031767
203 147116 004767
104 147131 000167
205
206 147136 106746
207 147140 106416
208 147142 001001
109 147144 011222
110 147146 004767
211 147152 011700
211 147156 004767
113 147162 106426
214 147164 001401
215 147166 022222
116 147170 000207

164540
007706
156256
100000
000132
004000
000122
007330
156366
000100

EKOD:: JSR
11{)\1

HOV

BIT
JSR

BIT
JSR
HOVB
KOV

BEG
JSR

000100

PCoCRLF
PtFLAGSloR4
tDIRVB1,R2
tF oPASloR4
PColl
tf,HOSToR4
Pt.II
itTHPHOD.R4
tDIRVB!,R2
tF, INST .R4
41
PC,U

;start a new line
;get a coPs of sote 1ode flags
;Point to PASS1 co•1and

tDlRllBAoR2
tf,ABSoR4
61
IDlRllBSoR2
PColl
ID!RVBH.R2
lf,BYTKoR4

f Point to ABSOLU c-0.. and

~•:

156346
000002
156411
000056
156362
000200
164676
156376
000300

6t:

7f:

000021

156m

20s:

004000 040203
000004
177216

1s:

164621
004440
164346

HOV
BIT8
BHE
MV
JSR
KOV
BITB
Bl:U
JSR
KOV
BNE
JSR
HOV
Bl1
JSR
JHP

2s:

Hf PS
HTPS
BNE
CKP
JSR

3S!

JSR
HTPS
BED
CHP
RTS

HOV

isee if we 1 re in PASS1 or PASS2

iPrint PtOPer 1ode and Point to NOPROT
;see if HOST or NOHOST is actiYe
;print proPer •ode

;get a coPY of the rest of the 1ode flass
iPoint to INSTRU coa11and

isee if instruction 1ode is active
;branch if not
iPrint proPer 1ode

;see if absol1Jte or ss1bolic llOde is active
; absolute 1ode

;point to s~1bolic 1ode
iPrint ?tOPer 1ode
;poirit to BYTE co11and
;see if b~te 1ode is active
;it isn'tt Print rrothins

PCoPRINT2
felse print BYT[ co11and
iPoint to word 1ode
tDIRVBIH,R2
; it not b~te or instrurtior1 then word
If ,!NST'f,8YTK,R4
101
Pc.ti
tDIRVBTtl4oR2 ;point to vtlOde
tf,VToPERKOD
;see if set
iSo show wich vt 1ode
PColl
ECON
;and return
-<SPI
isave Z flas
!get back a cap~
<SPI
;Print coaaand Pointed to b~ R2
11
;else advance to next CO[llt.and
CR1llo IR21+
;Print co11and1 advance R2
PCoPRlHT2
t4001011t040oRO i<S>aoe) <tab>
PC,CHROUT
CSPlt
; recover Z fl as
;if we advanced before' don't do it asain
31
;~iP over next co11arid
CR2ll.CR11+
PC

A-69

T-11 €valuation "odule Monitor KM:RO U05.00 Sun<li• 13-Mar-83 04:10 Pa!le 44
Parsins Routines
1
2
3

.SBTTL Directive and Verb Handlin~ Routines

4 147tn 1cl2702 000100
5 147176
6 147200
7 147204
8 147206
9 147210
10 147214
11
12
13 147220
14 147220
15 147222
16 147214
17 147226
18 14n30
19 147232
20 W234
21 147236
22 147m
23 147242
24 147244
25 147246
26 147250
27 147252
28 147254
29 147256
30 147260
31 147262
32 147264
33 !4726cl
34 147270
35 147272
3cl 147274
37 147276
38 147300
39 147302
40 147304
41 147306
42 147310
43 147312
44 147314
45 147316
46
47 147320
48 147324
49 147330
50 147336
51 147342
52 147346
53 147350
S4 1473S4
55 WJS6
56 147362
57 147366

006202
020227 000042
103403
005303
013701 007330
000172 147220

00\ltRB:lSUB
ASR
CMP
11!.0

DEC

1s:

ltll\I

JMP

tDIRVRB-DSYKStR2;rf'IOve offset froa index to verb
la~.e it a word index
R2
;is this verb an <ESt> sea. reF-laceaent
R2,tVRBDS1-VRBDSP
ino
a
;1ak,e it so thclt we can use Previous routines
R3
;fro1 the escape seGuence handler
HTMPftOD,Rl
JdisPatch to Proper handlil'l!I routine
@VRBDSPIR2>

IJRBDSP::
.WORD
.WORD
,WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.llORD
.WORD
,WORD
.WORD
.llORD
.WORD
.WORD
,llQRD
,llQRD
,llQRD
.llORD
.WORD
VRBDSI: ,WORD
.WORD
.WORD
,lltJRD

147320

147432
147416
150202
150212
150222
150306
15Q504
150442
143164
143216
147770
1moo
!474cl6
147'560
147634
147cl54
146150
146156
136752
146176
146210
146222

.WORD
,llflRD
.llORD
.WORD

147444
146270
150012
146312
146760
H6332
152040

.WORD
.UDRD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.UO!W
.WDRD

147374
147406
012702
004767
112737
004767
020227
103010
105337
001763
012700
004767
000763

HELP:: MOV
156242
2s:
164174
JSR
000010 007341
KO\IB
1s:
JSR
164432
156442
CMP
BHJS
DECS
007341

BEO
004440
164142

HOV
JSR
BR

HRP
Gl)

STEP
PASSI
PASS2
HOST
NOHOST
TltlK
LOA!r
CMON2
CMON3
$.EVEN
1.ASCI
I.BYTE
1.llORD
1.BLKB
l.BLKW
EABS
ECAN

IHALT
EBYT
EINS
ECLR
DELETE
EN\JM
IRPEAT
ESYH
EMOD
EREG
TYPTBL
VTON
VTOFF

; .START

;.END

;ABSOLU Point to the start of escape
;CANCEL
;EXIT

;JNSTRU
;CLEAAI
;DELETE
;WORD
;REPEAT
;SYMBOL
;SHOWHO
; S!iQljRE
;SllQUSY
;vTON
;VTOFF

;t!n"e the verb/dirPctive table on the console
IDIRVRB•R2
;start a new line
PC,CRLF
;Put 8 co11ands on a line
18 .. etCOUNT2
; Pr int a coa1and
PC,PRINT2
;have we done the whole table?
RMCHNEllS
;~s
31
etCOIJHT2
Jhave we finished a line?
;~es
21
1400t011!040•RO ;t•P• <sPace> <tab>
PC,CNROUT
11

A-70

T-11 Evaluation ttodule Monitor HACRO V05,00 Sunda" 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 4H
Directive and Verb Haridlins Routines
SS
59 147370
60
61 147374
62 147402
63
64 147406
6S 1474H
66
67 147416
68 147424
69 147432
70 147440

COHTIH

irecover character in RO, continue ParsinS line

OS2767 004000 037726 VTOH: BIS
000167 174176
VTJHP: J/IP

1r.vr.1MPHOD
CHOHS

;turn vt aode on

042767 004000 037714 VTOFF: BIC
BR
000772

tr. VT, TllPHDD
VTJMP

tturn vt off

052737 000200 007706 STEP::
152737 000001 007324
023727 007746 006500 GO::
000167 1722S6

tr, SST, HrLA6Sl ishow we are sinSle stePPing
tr.ss11.@tl!HFLG
HISP,tlUR
iis user SP in his RAH?
IGO!
i1Jse ke':IPad 1onito:- GO routine

000167 174216

3t:

JllP

BIS
i!SB
CHP
JHP

71
72

73 147444 005203
74 147446 004767 175040
7S 147452 005303
76 147454 132737 000002 007326
77 147462 000167 176552
78
79
BO 147466 013737 007756 007334
s1 mm 004767 175022
82 wsoo 113746 007330
83 147S04 052737 000200 007330
84 147S12 013704 007334
85 147516 004767 005006
86 147522 112637 007330
87 147S26 110S14
BB 147530 005237 007334
89 147534 120027 000054
90 147S40 001003
91 147541 004767 163660
92 147S46 000752
93
94 147550 013737 007334 007756
95 147S56 OOOS71
96
97
98 147560 013737 007756 007334
99 147S66 004767 174730
100 147572 013704 007334
101 147S76 004767 004726
102 147602 010524
103 147604 010437 007334
104 147610 120027 OOOOS4
!OS 147614 001003
106 147616 004767 163604
107 147622 000761
108
109 147624 013737 007334 0077S6
110 147632 OOOS43
111
112
113 147634 004767 174662
114 147640 106437 007326

DELETE:: INC
JSR
DEC
BITB
JltP

;counteract earlier DEC RJ in this c3se
R3
PC,GENEXP
;set s1:11bol nate to tie deleted
;now PrePare to use <ESC> seauence routine
R3
tf,VALU,@tCURCOHirePlaces test on LASCOH in EDEL
iSo to routine to delete a S':ltbol
EDEL!

t.BYTE: :11ov
1t:
JSR
HOVB
BIS
HOV
JSR
HOVB
HOVB
IHC
CllPB
BHE
JSR
BR

@ttADDR,etADVADRiset a scratch coP':I of current address
PC,GETEXP
;set a value to be deposited
!ITllPHOD,-!SPI ifool ADRCHK into thinl',.ins we are in b':lte 1ode
tr.BYTM,!ITHPHOD
iSet runnins copy of current address
@IADVADR,R4
;check that it's not in protecle•j RAH
PC,ADRCH2
!SPJ+,etTHPllOD irestore PrOPer 1ode bits
RS,@R4
idePosit a b<;;le
@IADVADR
iadvance runnins address
;is next. ('hara('ter a ('011ria?
R0,1054
2$
ino
PC,GETHXT
;get ('haracter after COiia
;dl'f'osit another b~te
11

2s:

ltADVADR1ltSAODR;uPdate current address
VCOH

HOV
BR

t.WORD: :11ov
1s:
JSR
HOV
JSR
HOV
HOV
CllPB
BHE
JSR
BR
2t:

HOV
BR

t.BLKB: lJSR
HTPS

ettADDR1itADVADRiset a scratch coP':I of current address
PC,GETEXP
ifet a value to be dePo5ited
iset runnins address
etADVADR•R4
icheck. that it's not in Protected RA/1
PC,ADRCH2
R5,(R4H
idePosit a word
iadvaoce runnins coP':I of c1Jrrent address
R4,@IADVADR
RO,tOS4
;is next character a co1~a?
2$
ino
PC,GETNXT
;set character after cot11a
1f
idePosit another word
@tADVADR,@ttADDF:i1JPdate current address
VCOH

PC,GETEXP
@ICURCOH

A-71

iset arsu1ent
icheck if it contained undefined s~1bols

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 44-2
Directive and Verb Handling Routines
BHE
ADD
BR

VERR1
R51mADDR
VCON

;it did, refuse .8LKB directive
;add it to current aOdress

t.BLKW: :JSR

PC1GETEXP
HCURCOH
VERRl
R51R4
R4
R41HfADDR
VCOll

;get ar~U1ent
;check if it contained undefined sYabols
;it dich refuse .Bl.KW d.irect-ive
;•ake a scratch COP~
idouble it
;add it to current address

RO•HDELIH

;save deliaiter

115 147644 001146
116 147646 060537 007756
117 147652 000533
118
119

120 147654
121 147660
122 147664
123 147666
124 147670
125 147672
126 147676
127
128
129 147700
130 147704
131 147712
!32 147716
133 mm
134 147724
135 147730
136 147736
137 147742
138 147746
139 147752
1'40 147754
141 147760

004767 174642
106437 007326
001136
010504
006304
060437 007756
000521

110037
013737
004767
120037
001417
113746

0527J7

BHE
HOV
ASL
ADD

t.ASCI!!MOVB
007345
007756 007334
ltOV
lt:
JSR
163474
007345
CHPB
BEO

HOVB
BIS
HOV
JSR
HOVB
HOVB
INC
BR

007330
000200 007330
007334
004562
007330

013704
004767
112637
110014
005237 007334
000754

@ttADDRr9tADVADR;~et a scratch COP~ of current address

iset ne~t characterr don't fold to UPPer case
PC16ETCHC
;have we reached deli1iter Yet?
R01HDELIH
iYesr done
21
@tTHPHOD,-<SPI ifool ADRCHK into thinkins we are in bYte 1ode
tF,BYTH1!tTHPHOD
i!iet running copy of current address
~IADVADlhR4
ichec+. that it's not in Protected RAK
PC1ADRCH2
<SPl+.@ITHPHOO ;restore Proper aode bits
R01@R4
;deposit a bste
iadvance running address
HAllVADR
II

142

143 147762 013737 007334 007756 2s:
KOV
144 147770 0-04767 163432
JSR
145 147774 000462
BR
146
147
148 147776 005237 007756
I.EVEN: :INC
BIC
149 150002 042737 000001 007756
BR
150 150010 000454
151
152
IRPEAT: :INC
153 150012 005203
JSR
m 150014 0-04767 174502
KTPS
155 150020 106437 007326
BHE
156 150-024 001056
TST
157 150026 005705
BEQ
158 150030 001450
159 15()()32 120027 000054
CHPB
BHE
160 150036 001043
161 150040 00-0167 176232
JHP
162
163
.ENABL
164
HOVE" INC
165 150044 005203
166 150046 004767 000006
JSR
DEC
167 150052 005303
JHP
168 150054 000167 176304
169
11:
JSR
170 150060 004767 174436
CHPB
17! 150-064 120027 000137

~tADVAOR.@tlADDR;uJ>da\e current address

PC•GE!NXT
VCON

;set character after deliaiter

HIADDR
tt.@tlADDR
VCON
R3
PCoGETEXP
@tCURCOH

VEftRI
RS
RERR
R01t054
VERR
EREP

Jcounteract earlier DEC R3 in this case
;get repeat count
;check if it contained undefined ssabols
iit did, refuse REPEAT co••and
isee if a repeat of zero was !liven
; refuse zero
;chec~ that a c0tiaa follows
ino coaaa1 error, •issins Para1eter
;so to repeat coa1and line routine

LSB
R3
PC.II
R3
EHOV

i~et

PC,GETEXP
R01tl37

i!iet first address
;is it followed~ an underline?

icounteract earlier DEC R3 in this case
address Pair
iPrePare to use <ESC> seouence rountine
iso to routine to aove a 1eaorY block

A-72

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Monitor Kl\CRO V05, 00 Sunday 13-Har-83 04:10 p,;. 44-3
DirectiYe and Verb Handlins Routines

in 150070 001026
173 150072
174 150076
175 150104
176 150110

010537
152737
004767
000167

BNE

"ov

007336
000010 007324
163316
174406

B!SB
JSR
Jiff'

ino, 1issing Para1eter
;save the first address
tF.SAVX,@tLINFLGishow we have saved so1ethinS: in SAVEXf'
PC,GETNXT
;.!let character after underline
;Set second address
GETEXP
VERR
R5,etSAVEXP

177

178
179 150114
180 150116
181 150122
182 150126
183 150130
184
185
186
187 150134
188
189 150142
190
191 150146
192
193 150152
194 15015.\
195
196 150162
197 150166
198
199 150112
200 150200
201
202 150202
203 150210
204
205 150212
206 150220
207
208
209 150222
210 ·150230
211 150232
212 150236
213 150242
214 150246
215 150254
216 150260
217 150266
218 150274
219 150302
220
221
222 150306
223 150312
224 150314
225 150320
226 150326
227 150334
228 150342

005203
004767 177736
120027 000054
001007
000167 176424

FIND::

INC
JSR
CN'B
BNE
JHf'
.DSABl

052737 040000 007706 HOPROT::BIS

R3
PCrlt
R0.1054
VERR
EFN!•

icounteract earlier DEC R3 ir1 this case
;get address Pair
iis it followed b~ a co11a!
;no, 1issin~ para1ter
;so to routine to find a value <search ae1or~)

LSB

tF, PRDT 1@tFLAGSU turn off 1oni tor scratch f'rotectior1
;fall into VCON

000161 173450

VCON!

JHP

CHOH6

icor1tinue Parsin5

000167 173012

VERR:

JHP

CllON2

;general error

012701 151412
000167 173030

RERR:

MDV

IREPDfO,R2
ERROR

;f"!Peat of zero error

Jiff'

012701 151372
000167 113020

VERR!l

HOV
Jiii'

llJlfDEfX,R2
ERROR

;undefined expression error

042737 040000 007706 PROTEC: iBIC
BR
000760

tF.PROT1@tFLAGSliturn on .onitor scratch Protection

052737 100000 007706 PASSI!! BIS
000754
BR

lf,PASl,@tFLAGSl;show we are in PASS! oode
VCON

042737 !00000 007706 PASS2:: BlC
000750
BR

tF .PAS! .etFLASSHshow wo are in PASS2 1ode

VCON

VCOH

032737
001346
105037
105037
004767
052737
105737
012737
112737
112737
000167

004000 007706 HOST:: BIT
BNE
007672
CLR9
007673
CLRB
164656
JSR
004000 007706
BIS
TSTB
!77550
134540 000120
HOV
000046 007711
HOVB
HOVB
000046 177452
173304
JHP

tF.HOST1@tFLAGSliare we already in host aode?

105737
100715
105037
112737
112737
042737
000677

NONOST: :TSTB
BH!
CLRB
007673
000042 007711
llOVB
000042 177452
HOVB
004000 007706
BIC

iare we in host load 1ode~
;!:l.es1 refuse NOHOST coatand
;clear host flags
etHSTFLG
1042,@tAUXFLG ;save a COP~ of new AfCREG value
1042,PIAICREG ;disable aux rort receiver interriJPt
tf,HOST,@tFLAGSlishow we are riot in host 11ode

007673

error

VERR

i~es1

!IHFP

;initialize host inPut buffer
ian.d host fla9s
i1atch aux POrt baud rate to console Port

HHSTFLG
PC,SETAX2
tf,HOST,!IFLAGS!;se\ ho<\ oode
idiscard an~ jarbase in the Port
HAfRBUF

tHOSTIN1@tAUXIM ;hook UP host inPut service routine
isave a new- coPY of AS.CREG valiJe
;enable aux Port receiver interr1Jpt
irecover character in RO

t046,HAUXFLG
t046,@tAICREG
CONT!N

PIHSTFLG
UERR

UCON

A-73

T-11 Evaluation Module Konitor "ACRO V05. 00 Sunda• 13-"•r-83 04:10 Pose 44-4
Directive and Verb Handlin! Routines
229
230
231 150344
150347
232 150352
233 150354
150357
150362
150365
150370
150373
150376
150401
150404
150407
150112
150415
150420
150423

150420
15~31

150434
150437
234 150441
235
236
237 150442
238 150442
239 150450
240 150452
241 150456
242 150460
243 150466
244 150470

056
101
015

!OS
105
124
040
050
123
105
040

oso
116
102
101
054
101
123
104
101
077
000

123
122
012
040
130
OSI
122
122
125
051
102
123
104
122
113
040
040

;strin!I to 1atch for enablins of load 1ode
124 S.STRT: .ASCII /,START/
124
OPTION: .BYTE 015·012
;<CR>. <LF>
.ASCIZ IE IEX!TI, R <RESlRIEl• B !SEND BREAK), "A !SEND "Al ?/
oso
111
054
040
105
115
054
040
105
040

IOS

116
136
040

040
051
000

105

OSI
136

oso

,BYTE

;because the linker won't zero fill

.ENABL LSB

BLOAD! !
032737 004000 007706 LOAD:: BIT

BEG

001410
105737 007673
100405
152737 000100 007673
005002
000417

1S1B
Biii

tF,HOST,@tFLAGStfis host 1ode enabled?
ino, refuse LOAD coa1and
LERR
;are we in host load 1ode?
PtHSlFLG
;~es, refuse LOAD co1111and
LEllR
tF.LDST,@tHSTFL6;show we want to start loadinS uPon .START
;initialize index to 1atch .START strins
R2

CLR
BR

TALK!

BIT

tf.T8AS,@tFLAGSliare we runnin~ Tin~ Basic?

RTS

VERR
PC

m
246 150472
247 150500
248 150502
249
250 1505~
251 150512
252 150514
253 150520
254 150522
255
256 150530
257 150534
258 150540
259 150544
260 150550
261
262 150556
263 150562
264 150566
265 150570
266 150574
267 150576

032737 020000 007706 LERRl

001622
12s:

000207

BED

032737 004000 007706 TALK!! BIT
BEO
001615
lSTB
105737 007673
8111
100612
BICB
142737 000100 007673
106427
005737
105737
004767
112737

TALK!: "1PS
000300
TST
177562
TSTB
177550
JSR
162754
KOVB
000011 177444

004767 000364
105737 177560
100017
113701 177552
000240
006201

ht:

1S:

JSR
TSTB
BPL
MOVB
HOP
ASR

;no
;~es,

return to BASIC

tF.ffOST,PtflAGSl;is host 1ode enabled?
;nor refuse LOAD COlfland
VERR
;are we in host load 1ode?
etHSTFLG
i~es, refuse TM.K co11and
VEl!R
tf.LDSl,PlllSTFLG;show we want to i!!nore .START
t300
mmuF
HAlRBUF
PCrCRlF
1011 rHttPORC

;disable interrUPts except console brea~
;clear an~ sarbase in the Ports

PC,CLRAPE
HCIRCSR

;clear aux Port error
;user t!We a character?

ino

@IAISREG,RI

;start a new line
iturn on LED durin! virtual ter1inal operation

ichec~ host Port status

;iii Place holder for the abov~ line ttt

A-74

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Konitor HACRO VOS,00 Sunda. 13-Har·83 04:10 Pne 44-5
Directive and Verb Handlin~ Routines
2<18 150<100 103012
269 150602 013700 177562
270 150606 100407
271 150610 042700 177600
272 150614 120027 00000!
273 150<120 001450
m 150022 110037 177450
275
27<1 150626 113701 177552
277 150<132 132701 000002
278 150636 001751
279 150640 113700 177550
280 150641 042700 177400
281 150650 132701 000170
282 150654 001340
283 150656 132737 000100 007673
284 150664 001420
285 150666 010001
286 150670 005702
281 150672 001402
288 150674 042701 000040
289 150700 120162 150344
290 150704 001007
291 150706 005202
292 150710 020227 000006
293 150714 103404
294 150716 110037 177566
295 150722 000470
296
297 150724 005002
298 150726 105737 !77564
299 150732 100313
300 150734 110037 177566
301 150740 000710
302
303 150742 012701 150352
304 150746 004767 163002
305 150752 105737 177560
306 150756 !00375
307 150760 013700 177562
308 150764 100772
309 150766 042700 177600
310 150772 110037 177566
311 150776 120027 000001
312 151002 001707
313 151004 042700 000040
314 lSIO!O 120027 000102
315 151014 001012
316 1510!6 012701 100000
317 151022 112737 000057 177452
318 151030 077101
319 151031 '112737 000047 177452
320 151040 000650
321
322 1510-42 120027 000105
323 151046 001245
324 151050 112737 000010 177444

9$!

2s:

21
etCIRBLJF,RO
21
t17760o,RO
RO•tl
31
RO ,@tAIXBUF

HOVB
BITB
BEQ
HOVB
B!C
B!TB
BME

@tAISREl;.Rl
icheck host Port status
t002,RI
ido we have a character?
11
irro
;get character fro1 host
l'tt\IRBUF ,RO
PPrevent sisn extend
t177400•RO
;is it break or an error?
1170oR1
61
;~es, isnore character
tf,LOST,HHSTFLG1>re we lookiM for .START?
51
;no
;1ake a scratch COPY of character
RO.RI
idon't fold the Period
R2
141
ifold lower case to UPPer case
t040•RI
Rlol.STRHR21 idoes character 1atch?
;no, so back to the'•' in ,START and tr~ a9ain
41
R2
R21t6
;have we aatched entire strins?
;nor continue with next character
51
ROol!tCIXBUF
;send the character without dela!:I!
71
;a aatch1 start loading

BEG
HOV

TST

BEQ
14$!

~-:

5t:

3$!

Bl:

111:

10•:

;crs not asserted or transaitter not eAPt~

BCC
llOV
BH!
BIC
CltPB
BEQ
HOVB

BIC
CHPB
BNE
INC
CHP
BLO
HOVB
BR
ClR
TSTB
BPL
HOVB
BR

R2
PICIXCSR
II
Ro.PICIXBUF

HOV
JSR
TSTB
BPL
HOV
BHI
BIC
HOVB
CHPB
BEQ
BIC
CtfB
BNE
ltO'I
HOVB
SOB
HOVB
BR

IOPTION,RI
PCoPR!NTA
PICIRCSR
81
@tCIRBUf,RO
Bl
1177600,RO
R01@tCIXBUF
R01tl
91
t040,RO
ROol102
101
tlOOOOO,R!
t057o@tAICREG

CHPB
BNE
HOVB

iSet character fro. console
iignore error characters
i1ake srJre no Parity bit set
iis it ~A ?
i~es' exit talk .ode
ino, outPut character to host

;is console Port read!:! for a character
ino' drop character

;!:leSr echo character to console
PPoint to aess~e
iPrint ASCII string on console
;wait for a character
;set character trot cor1sole
;cnar.x;ter caused an error1 try asain
;1ake sure no Parit!:I bit set
;echo character ta console
;is it "A'?
;~esr send it to host
ifold lower case to UPPer
iis it B?
ino

Rlr.

isend break
iwait a while

1047,HAICREu
II

; resu1e two-way coaa•.mication

R01t105
II
tOl01i1Plf'URt

;rro, resu1e cot11J0icatiori
;turn off L£D indicator

A-75

ris it E7

T-11 Evaluation "odule Konitor "ACRO VOS.00 Sunday 13-"ar-83 04:10
and Verb Handling Routines

p.,. 44-6

~irective

325 151056 112737 000046
326 151064 106427 000000
327 151070 032737 020000
328 151076 001201
329 151100 000167 172112
330
331 151104 152737 000200
332 151112 112737 000010
333 151120 112737 000046
334 151126 106427 000000
335 151132 032737 020000
336 151140 001356
337 151142 000167 172056
338
33? 151141> 112737 000067
340 151154 112737 000047
341 151162 000207
342

"ll'HTPS
IJI

177452
007706
13t!

007673 7t:
177444
177452

007706

BIT
BNE
JHP

t046•HAICREG Pdisable aux Port trans1itter interruPt
;reenable interrupts
tooo
tF.TBAS,@tFLAGSl;are we running Tin~ Basic?
hies, return to BASIC
121
;return to console 1onitor
CHON3

BISB
"OVB
ltOVB
"TPS
BIT
BNE
JltP

tF.LOAD.ttHSTFLG;set host load oode
IOlO,ftPIPORC ;turn off LfD indicator
t046,P!AICREG ;disable aux port transaitter interruPt
;reenable interrupts A.S,A.P.
IOOO
tF.TBAS1ftFLAGS1;are we running Tin~ Basic?
;1:1esr return to BASIC
131
;return to console aonitor
~ON31

177452 CL RAPE: ltOVB
ltOVB
177452

t06MtAICREG
t047, ttAICREG
RTS
PC
.DSABL LSB

A-76

;clear aux Port error flags
iasser DTR• RTS, enable aux Port x1it and recv

T-11 Evaluation "odule 11onitor HACRO ~s.oo Sunda• 1J-Nar-8J 04:10
Directive and Uerb Handling Routines
1
2
.SBTTL
J
4
.ENABL
5 151164 !J27J7 000002 007J27 DOS'OO:: :BITB
BED
6 1s11n 00142J
7 151174 0102J7 007J34
NOV
JSR
a 1s1200 004767 162222
9 1S1204 106437 007332
NTPS
BNI
10 151210 100434
BCS
II 1S1212 103413
12 15l2H oom7 17JJ02
JSR
13 lSl220 106437 007326
NTPS
14 151224 001010
BN£
IS 151226 01J702 007334
llOV
16 151232 020227 000054
CNP
17 1S12J6 10J407
BlO
18 1S1240 101012
BHI
19 151242 000167 171716
lt:
JltP
20
13t:
NOV
21 151216 012702 151372
JNP
22 1S1252 000167 171734
2J
24
25 1512S6 006202
4S:
ASR
26 1S1260 010S62 007732
llOV
27 151264 000404
BR
28
29
30 1S1266 042705 000001
st:
BIC
31 1512n 010562 007700
llOV
32 151276 000167 172314
ot:
JNP
33
34 1S1302 102021
1t:
BVC
NOV
3S 1S1304 013746 007320
NOV
36 1S1310 013746 007J22
37 1S1314 004767 173202
JSR
NTPS
J8 151320 1064J7 007326
8HE
39 1S1324 001006
40 151326 010504
NOV
41 15!330 012637 007322
llOV
42 1S!334 012637 007320
NOV
43 1S1340 000446
BR
44
CNP
45 1513~2 022626
12s:
46 151344 0007S4
BR
47
48 151346 010446
2t:
NOV
JSR
49 1S13SO 004767 173146
NTPS
so 1513S4 106437 007326
BNE
Sl 151360 001332
KOV
52 151362 010504
10s:
CNP
53 1S1364 022604
BNE
54 1S1366 001325
BR
S5 151370 000742
56
S7 151372 102564 020071 OS4114 UNDEFX: .RADSO

Pa~e 4S

S!labol and Label Handli~ Routines
LSB
tF.VALU1etLASCO"icheck that last co11and was not valued
iwas evaluated, error
JI
R2,@IA!l<MDR
istore index here
PC,GETNXT
iiet next 1eaninstul character after =
isee what ~ind of s~abol we are definins
HEXPFLG
iuser defined na1e
II
iwas a 10Nonic1 directive, or verb--error
31
i~t value to be eauated
PC.SETEXP
icheck if it contained undefined s~1bols
HCURCON
;it did1 refuse s~1bol definition
131
~IAD'IADR,R2
i!let back index
R2•1DSYltUR-DSYNS;what is nate?
;Ro thrO\Bh ,
41
SI
'81 \hro~h B4
ielse show err·or
CNON2
1

IUHDEfX,R2
ERROR

ilB"ldefined expression error

R2
RS,IROIR2l
61

iaake a word index
iset aPPrOfrriate re~ister, watch~ointr or ','

;breakPoints have even addresses
II.RS
RS,BRKFIL-<DSYltURt4-DSYNS>IR21 iset approprite DreakPoint
CNOH6

21
is!labol alrea~ defined
mBl!OP,-ISPl isave naae of s~abol we are definins
~ITBLTOPt2,-ISPl

iset value to be set
icheck if it contained undefined SY•bols
;it did, iSnore s~tbol definition
;set value to be set
ISPlt.~T8LTOPt2;recover naae
ISP l t. H TBLTOP
91

PC•GETEXP
HCURCON
121
RS,R4

ISPlt.!SPl!
61

iF-OP saved na.e
iauietl!J is:nore s~abol definition

R4.-!SPl
PC,GETEXP
@ICIJRCON

;save Present value of SY1bol
iSet value to be set
;check if it cootained undefined s~1bols
iit didt refuse s~•bol definition
;put value in R4
;see if s~•bol or label is beins chansed
jit is1 which is not Per1itted
;no chanse, so auietlY i~ore coa~and

131

RS,R4
!SPlt.R4
JI
61

/UHll£FIN£D EXPRESSION/

A-77

1-11 Evaluation Hodule llonitor HACRO VOS,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 PMe 45-1
and Label Handlin~ Routines

S~1bol

151400 000340 0633:".i 074701
151406 057760
SB 151410 000000
59 151412 070530 017574 001136
1S1m 0020:".i 071330
60 151424 000000
61
62 151426 132737 000002 007327
63 1S1m 001702
64 151436 004767 161764
65 151442 106437 007332
66 151446 100275
67 151450 102037
68 151452 013704 001756
69
70 151456 013702 007462
71 151462 162702 000006
72 151466 020227 006500
73 IS!472 10101!
74 151474 012702 151504
75 151500 000167 171506
76 151504 076452 D45710 024324
151512 045400
77 151514 000000
78
79 151516 106427 000340
80 151522 010237 007462
Bl 151526 013722 007320
82 151532 013722 007322
83 151536 010422
84 151540 106427 000000
85 151544 000167 172042
86
87 1515SO 010446
88 151552 0!3704 007756
89 151556 000702
90

.wo1w 0
REPOFO: .RADSQ /REPEAT or ZERO/
,WORD
DOLABL::BITF
BEO
JSR
HIPS
BPL

BVC

HOV
HOV
SUB
CMP
8Hl
HOV
JMP
TBLFUL: .RADSO

9t:

11s:

lf,VALU,PILASCOH
31
PC,GETNXT
;see what kirid of label we are Qefir11n9
PIEXPFLG
;predefined s':lllbols cBn't be 1abels
31
iuser na1e al read'J defuie·~
81
;get value to be set
HSADDR•R4
HTBlBOJ,R2
;set botto• of s~1bol table
l/,.R2
;~o down one entr~
R2rttUR ;is there sPace for new entr~?
t!$

;~s

ITBlFUL,R2
ERROR
/TABlE FULL/

;Point to 1essase
;print error iessase

.I/ORD

MTPS
HOV
HOV
HOV
MIPS

i1ake s~.tiol table alterations atotic
1340
R2,etlBLBOT
ib~ blockin~ cOflsole break' etc,
elTBLTOP.!R2lt tstore first word of nate
@ITBLTOP+2,IR21t;and second word
;store sy1bol's value
R4dR2lt
irestore interruPt service
tOOO

JHP

COHTIN

ltOV

as:

R4.-<SPl
@llAD!ll!.R4
101
BR
.DSABl LSB

111JV
HOV

A-78

; recover character in R01 get ne):t co1111ar1d

;save Present value of label
iget current addressi which is value to be set

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Mar-83 04!10 Pase 46
SY•bol and label Handlin!! Routines

;++
2
3
4
5 151560 013702 007462
6 151564 020227 007320
7 151570 103403
8 151572 005004
9 151574 000277
10 151576 000207

GETSYK 1atches a new na1e to the sy1bol table.

;--

CLR

@ITBLBOT, R2
R2,ITBLTOP
11
R4

RTS

GETSYM::MOV
2s:
CltP
BLO

sec

;start searchins at bottD11 of table
ianY 1ore entries?
;yes

;flas naae not found

1s:
IR2l+.!ITBlTOP idoes first word of na1e 1atch?
CltP
12 151600 022237 007320
BNE
31
inc
13 151604 001007
IR2>+retTBLTOP+2isecond word 1atch?
14 151606 022237 007322
CltP
;no
BNE
u
15 151612 001005
iset value
16 151614 012204
l10V
IR2l+.R4
ishow this is a user defined S':ilbol
SEN
17 151616 000270
iand that is has a value
18 151620 000242
CLV
RTS
PC
19 151622 000207
20
3S:
TST
<R2>+
21 151621 005722
fadvance to next entry
4S:
TST
IR2lt
22 151626 005722
BR
21
23 151630 000755
24
Ht
25
KATSYK 1atches the nutber in Rl to sYabol vallJfsr startin9 with the aost
26
recently defined. Returns a Pointer in R2 if 1atched. Returns Nset if
27
no 1atch1
2B
j-29
30
IF.ABS,@ITltPltOD iabsolute oode?
31 151632 132737 000002 007330 llATSYM! :am
1$
h1esr indicate no 1atch
BNE
32 151640 001013
iset botto• of table
33 151642 013702 007462
MO'J
!ITBLBOT •R2
iany 1ore entties?
2s:
CltP
R2•1TBLTOP
34 151646 020227 007320
BHJS
11
ino
35 151652 103006
;do we have a 1atch1
4<R2l>Rl
36 151654 026201 000004
CHP
;!:les
3$
BED
37 151660 001404
;go to next na1e
16,R2
4S!
ADD
38 151662 062702 000006
2$
BR
39 151666 000767
40
lS!
SEN
41 151670 000270
31!
RTS
PC
42 151672 000207
43

A-79

T-11 Ev•luation ltodulo lloo1tor KACRO l/05,00 SundaY 13-Har-83 01:10 Pa9e 47
S~ol

and Label Handlin!! Routines

;tt

2
3
4
5 151674
6 151702
7 151706
8 151710

DELSYK deletes the s~lbol table enlr~ just below R2.
;--

062737 000006 007462 DELSYH:lADD
2tt
CHP
020237 007162
101001
Bill
RTS
000207

t6,@tTBLB01
R2•HT8LBOT
1•
PC

016242 177770
016242 177770
016242 177770

-!OIR2h-IR2l
-!OIR2l,-IR2l
-101R2l ,-(R2)
2•

10 151712
11 151716
12 151722
13 151726

lt:

000765

HOV
MV
HOV
BR

;done ~et?
iho1 1ove UP all lower entries
i1ove three words for each entrY

15
16

itt

TYPREG tiJPl!S the contents of registers RO thro.u!:lh PS and the watehPoint
address and contents it the address is not zero.

18
19
20 151730 112737 000011 007340
21 151736 012737 1561!2 007334
22 151m 004767 161554
23 151750 013702 007JJ4
24 151754 004767 162014
25 151760 010237 007334
26 151764 162702 156146
27 151770 004767 173074
28 151774 012700 020075
29 152000 004767 161524
30 152004 010401
JI 152006 004767 003064
32 152012 105337 oomo
JJ 152016 001352
34 152020 013704 007754
35 152024 001404
36 152026 004767 003216
37 152032 000167 003056
38 152036 000207
39
40
41
42
43
44 152040 016746 035264
45 152044 042767 000200 035256
46 152052 013702 007462
47 152056 020227 007320
48 152062 103003
49 152064 004767 000012
50 152070 000772
51 152072 012667 035232
52 152076 000167 171502
53
54 152102 004767 161416
55 152106 004767 161662
56 152112 012700 020075
57 152116 004767 161406

;--

TYPREG: lHOVB
llOV

1t;

JSR
MV
JSR
MV
SUB
JSR
HOV
JSR

HOV
JSR
DECB
BNE
HOV
BEU
JSR
JIW
2i!

RTS

icount 9 re9isters
t9 .. etCOONTI
tDSYttS,etADVA[IR iborrow ADIJADR as a Pointer
istart a new line
PC·CRLF
l!tADVADR,R2
PC,PRINT2
it~F-€ na1e of resister
R2,HADVADR
;go bac~ to resister nate
IDSYHSH•R2
;~t contents of resister
PC,POSVAL
1400l040t075•RO ;\ypo • <s•aco>
PC•CHROUT
R4,Rl
;get rE'!Jister contents
Pc.TYPNHl
itYPe nu•ericall~
HCOUNTI

@HWATClhR4

2•
PC, TYPADR
TYPL01
PC

i9et watchf.oint address
;watchPoint not set
;type watch~oint address
;t':IPe in current ~ode

;++
; TYPT!tL t':IPe!. thl' er1tire user s':labol table.

;--

TYPTBL: :HOV
BIC
HOV
CMP
?S:
BHIS
JSR

BR
1$:

MDV
JHP

TYPSYN: : JSR
JSR

HOV

JSR

THPHOD,-CSPI
i1ake ss1bols show UP in word aode
tF.BYTM,THPHOD
;start at the botto1 of the table
@IT8LBOT •R2
R2,ITBLTOP
idooe ':let?

i':les

PC,TYPSYH
71
ISP>+.TllPNOD
CMNS

itsPe the na1e and value of one SY1bol
iPut back to watever 1ode it was in
;~et next co..and

PC,CRLF
istart a new line
; t':IPe s'Aho 1 na1e
PC,PRIN12
1400l040t07S.RO a.,. <SPac•>
PC,CHROUI
0

A-80

T-11 Evaluation Hodule HOl\itor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 1J-Har-8J 04110 Pase 47-1
Syabol and label Handlin!i Routines

SB 152122 012201
59 152124 000167 002746

HOV
JHP

!R2>+.Rl
TlPNltl

;set value
itYPe it nuaericalh1

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sund•• lJ-Har-BJ 04ilv Pase 48
Sy1bol and L.Wel Handlin!! Routines

.SBTTL Arith1etic Routines

J
4 1521JO 050405
s 152132 000207
6
7 I521J4 005104
B 152136 040405
9 152140 000207
10
11 152142 010500
12 152144 005005
13 152146 060005
14 152150 077402
15 152152 000207
16
17 152154 060405
1B 152156 000207
19
20 152160 160405
21 152162 000107
22
23 152164 005000
24 152166 005704
25 152170 00140J
26 152172 005200
27 152174 160405
28 152176 10Jl75
29 152200 010005
JO 152202 005305
31 152204 000207

LOGOR:: BIS
RTS

R4,R5
PC

LOGAND! :coH
BIC
RTS

R4
R4,R5
PC

R5,RO

HULT!Pi!HOV
CLR
is:
ADD
SOB
RTS

RO.RS
R4,11
PC

ADD!Tii ADD
RTS

R4,R5
PC

SUBJR:: SUB
RTS

R4.R5
PC

DIV!Di: CLR
TST

RO
R4
21

BEG

1s:
2t:

;1ake a cDf'!::I of first factor
;clear accu1ulator

;.ultiPlY bY successive addition

;count down second factor

iinitialize auotient
;are we dividin!I b~ zero?
iYes1 return 177777
jincreM!nt auotient
;trw subtractin!i divisor fro• dividend

INC
SUB
JlCC
HOV

tsuccessful1 nG underflow

RO.RS

Dl:C

;replace accuaulator with auotient
;ad.Alst for excessive increaent of RO

RTS

R4•R5

A-81

T-11 Evaluation ttodule Ji\onitor KACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-"ar-83 04:10 Pate 49
ArithtN!'tic Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

.SBTTL Instruction Encode/Decode Routines

GETlNS takes an index to a aneaonic in R2t and the •ne1onic's base value
in R4, It parses any needed operands aod stores the resultins code at the
current address.
;--

9 152206
10 152210
11 152214
12 152216
13 152220
14 152224
15 152232
16 152234
17 152240
18 152244
19 152250
20 152252
21 152254
22 152260
23 152264
24 152272
25
26 152276
27 152300
28 152302
29 152304
30 152306
31 152310
32 152312

010446
004767
006202
006202
010437
142737
012624
010437
105037
116201
006201
006201
042701
004771
013737
000167

GETINS! :MOU
JSR
ASR
ASR
007336
ltOIJ
000010 007324
BICB
002310

HOV
007334
007342
156034

llOV
CLRB
llOVB
ASR

177741
152276
007334 007756
171314

BIC
JSR
ltOV
JHP

ASR

153172
143164
152770
153152
153024
152724
153016
33 152314 153006
34 152316 152714
35 152320 153102
36
37
38 152322 004767 173122
39 152326 100414
40 152330 103413
41 151332 OOU67 161050
42 152336 020227 000040
43 152342 103006
44 mm 006202
45 152346 006202
46 152350 060237 007342
47 152354 000250
48 152356 000207
49
50 152360 000270
51 152362 000207
52
53
54 152364 120027 000100
55 152370 001005
56 152372 062737 000010 007342
57 152400 004767 161022

INSDSP: .llORD
.llORD
.llORD
.WORD
,WORD
,WIJRD
.WORD
.llORD
,W!JlD
,llORD

R4•-(5Pl
PC•AJIRt:Hl
R2
R2
RMISAVEXP

;save the base OF-code value
;chec~ that it's even and in user RA~
i1ake a byte index
;for the PAR~S table

;save OPcode address here
tF.SAUK,etLINFLGfPrevent interference with noraal use et SAVEXP
(SPl!o!R4H
istore base oPcode value
;first operand address
R4•HADVADR
iinitialize addr£1ssird 1ode scratch
moDE
PARAASCR2l ,Rt ;~et fortat code
;1ale a word index
RI
RI
1177741,Rl
;1ask out the 9arba9e
Pc.eINSDSP(Rl I i!et appropriate operand seauence

@tADVADR1@tSA.DDRiuPdate current address
irecover next character, Parse next co1•and
OJHTIH

;oo 1eans decode cortdition codes

CONCOO
ClllJl2
JNSOON
EllTRAP
BRDJSP
REGOS!
OPRAND
SRCOST
RTSREG
S08DSP

101 aeans not an instruction
;02 1eans no Paraaeters
;03 ••ans "NN for E"T and TRAP

;04 aeans 8wbit branch disPlace1ent
;05 .... , RrDD for JSR and XOR

;06 1eans SS or DD
i07 1eans ss,DD
;10 1eans R for RTS
;11 aeans R,HN fo, SOB

.EHABL LSB
iParse a sy1bolic nne
PC•GETNA"
;user defined nillet error
BK!
3$
;instruction 1ne1onic1 error
BCS
3$
PCrGETLCH
i~et next character in RO
JSR
R2•tDSYKPS-DSYHS;is it RO throu9h PC?
C"P
3$
ino' error
BHIS
;get re!ister nuaber
ASR
R2
ASR
R2
;Put it in bottoa 3 bits of addressing aode
ADD
R21PIHODE
CLN
RTS
PC

G£TREG::JSR

3t:

SEN

RTS

Fl.11.0PR!!CHPB

BHE
ADD
JSR

PC
ROrllOO
5$
110.etlKIDE
PCrGETNXT

A-82

iis first character@~
;,.,

deferred aode
;set character after f

i~est

T-11 EYaluation "odule "onitor ltACRO V05,00 Sunda• 13-H•r-83 04:10 Pa!!e 49-1
InstNJctioo Encode/Decode Routines
58 152404
59 152410
60 152412
61
62 152.i6
63 152m
64 mm
65 152426
66 152430
67 152434
68 152436
69 152442
70 152444
71 152446
Tl 152452
73 152456
74 152460
75 152462
76 152466
77 152472
78 152474
79 152500
80 152506
01 152512
82 152514
SJ 152520
84 152524
85 152532
86
87 152534
8S 152536
89
90 152540
91 152546
92 152550
93 152556
94 152562
95 152566
96 152570
97 152574
98 152576
99 152602
100 152606
101 152610
102 152616
!OJ 152622
104
105 152624
106 152632
107 152636
108
109 152642
110 152646
111 152652
112 152656
113 152660
11~ 152666

004767 001672
100407
010046

'5S:

mm 010m

004767
100044
012603
012600
120027
001445
120027
001011
010346
004767
120027
001430
012603
012700
120027
001454
004767
062737
120027
001421
013704
163744
062737
000207

177700

JSR
BHI
HOV
HOV
JSR

BPL
000050

6•:

000055

160754
000050

000055
000043

91:

000142
000060 007342
000050
007334
007334
000007 007342

HOV
HOV

CHPB

BEQ
CHPB
BNE
HOV
JSR
CllPB
BEQ
HOV
ltOV
CllPB
BED
JSR
ADD
CHPB
BEQ
HOV
SUB
ADD
RTS

PC,RADCH
61
RO.-<SP>
R3,-<SP>
PC,GETREG
71
ISP>+.R3
<SP>+.RO
RQ,1050
4'

ROrtOS'5

it be a resister naae?
;nor definitel!I not a re~ister
1save charat:ter
isave runnin9 Pointer
iand tr\I to Set a resister r1aae
isuccessful, 1ode 0 or t
;restore runnins Pointer
;restore character in RO
iis it (?
ivesr 1ode 11 2r or J
;is next character -?
;no definittl!I not autodecre1ent
;saYe runnin9 pointer
;get character after iis it <?
iYesr 1ode 4 or S
irestore runnins Pointer
;restore - in RO
i1s it 11
i!les• do i11ediate and absolute
;~et an indeM or relative address
;indexed addressins •ode
;is it an index?
;1i~ht

91
R3,-1Sf)
PC.GETNXT
RQ,1050
IOI
ISPH•R3
1055,RO
RO•I043
111
PC,GETARG
16o.PIHODf
RO,tOSO
121
f<Jes
i!let next oPerand address
HAllVADR,R4
!IADVADR,-CR4> i1ake this operand a PC relative address
107,@IHOll!:
iiaPlicit PC reference
PC

022626
000207

7$:

CHP
RTS

(SP)f.!SP>t
PC

idiscard saved character aricl rurminS Pointer
; return 1ode 0 or 1

062737
005726
062737
004767
004767
100501
120027
001076
004767
120027
001005
062737
004767
000207

000030 007342 10s:

ADD
TST
ADO
JSR
JSR
BHI
CHPI

IJO,PIMODE
ISPll
tlO,HHODE
PC,GETNXT
PC.GETREG
21
RO,t051

BNE

JSR
CIWB
!NE
ADD
JSR
RTS

PC.GETNXT
R0,1053
81
11MIHODE
PC.GETNXT
PC

itor -(, add 40 total to addressinS ~ode
tdiscitd saved roonins Pointer
;for (,add 10 to addre~sins aode
;get character after (
;should be a re!iister naae
inot a resister no1er error
ishould be followed b~ )
;no, error
i!ftt character after )

ADD
JSR
JHP

127 ,@IHOllE
PC.GETNXT
GETARG

ii11ediate, absolute are aodes 2 arid 3 with PC
;set character after t
;store i11ediate data or absolute address

GETARG:: JSR
HOV
JSR
HOV
ADD
000002 007334
RTS

PC,GETEXP
e!ADVADR,R4
PC,A!IRCH2
R5,l!R4
tMIADVADR
PC

;set an ar!lu1ent in RS
i!let a.ddress of operand
icheti:. that we are still in user RAK
;store ar9'1J11ent at operand addre;:.s
;incre1ent address

000010 007342 4S:
12s:
160644
177534
000051
160624
000053
000010 007342
160604

062737 000027 007342
004767 160570
000167 000000
004767
013704
004767
010514
062737
000207

171654
007334
001652

at:
11s:

A-83

iis it +'!

;not done
iaode 2 or 3
i5et character after +

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Honitor ltllCRO V05, 00 Sunda!I 13-Har-83 04110 Pas. 49-2

Instruction Encode/DecodP Routines
115
116
117 152670
118 152674
119 152676
120 152702
121 152706
122 152712
123
124 152714
125 152720
126 152722
127
120 152m
129 152730
130 152732
131 152736
132 1S2742
133
134 152744
135 152750
136 152752
137 152754
138 1S2756
139
140 152760
141 152764
142
143 152770
144
145 152772
146
147 152776
148 1S3002
149
ISO 153006
15! 153012
152 153016
1S3 153022
154
1S5
156 1SJ024
157 1S3030
158 IS3034
159 153036
160 153042
161 153046
162 1S3050
163 1S30S4
164 153056
16S 153060
166 IS3064
167 153066
168 153070
169 IS3074
170 IS3100

;is first operand followed b~ a co11a?
;nor error
istore first operand 1ode
;set character after co~•o

RTS

R0,1054
21
pe,JNSDHl
PC,GETNXT
HHODE
PC

004767 177402
100424
000416

RTSREG: !JSR
Biii
BR

PC•GHREG
21
JNSDN2

i9et a re9ister nu1ber
ierrorr not a resister na111e
iadd it to opcode

004767 177372
100420
004767 177732
004767 177422
000406

REGDSTliJSR
BHI
JSR
JSR
BR

PC,GETREG
21
PC,COHACH
pe,ftl.OPR
INSDN2

iset a re9ister nu1ber
ierror1 not a re9ister na1e
ichec~ for cona between 0Perar1ds
;!et a full operand

113701 007342
000301
006201
006201
000402

INSDNli HOVB
SWAB
ASR
ASR
BR

HHODE,Rl
RI
RI
Rl

;set addressins 1ode bits
;shift it 6 bits to the left

113701 007342
060177 034346

INSDH2l HOVB
1$!
ADD

HllODE1Rl

000207

INSDONl RTS

000167 170166

2$!

JllP

CHON2

012702 153266
000167 170204

20•:

HOV
JHP

tBRANCH,R2

004767 1773S2
004767 177652
004767 177342
000756

SRCDST l : JSR
JSR
OF'RAHD : : JSR
BR

PC1FULOPR
PC•COllACH
PC,flJl.OPR
INSIIH2

004767 171472
!06437 007326
001402
omos 007756
163705 007334
006205
032705 177600
001405
OOSIOS
032705 177600
001344
005105
042705 177400
060577 034236
000207

BRDISPl lJSR
HTPS
BED
HOV
14S!
SUB
ASR
BIT

PC,GETEXP
etCURCOH
141
etSADDll.RS
etADWIDR,R5
RS
1177600,RS
131
RS
1177600,R5
201
R5
1177400,RS
RS,@SAVEXP
PC

120027
001036
004767
004767
105037
000207

000054
000042
160520
007342

COHACH: CHPB
llHE
JSR
JSR

BEQ

13$!

COH
BIT
DHE
COH
BIC
ADD
RTS

Rt.~AV!:XP

;set addressing 1ode bits
;add thel f.o OPtode

iPOint to branch error 1essase

ERROR

171

A-84

iset first oPerand
;chec~ for caa•~ between Of'erands
;set seicortd operand

;store second operand aode
i!fet branch destination
;did exf'ression cor1tain undefined s~•bol s1
irio, no proble1
hies1 take instruction 'BR , • so no ran!:le error
j1ake it relative
i1ake it a word offset
;does uPPer b~te 1atch bit 71
;yes
;no, branch ranse error
i1ake it an 8-bit nu1ber
;add disPlace1ent to OP-code

T-11 Evaluation llodul• Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda• 13-Mar-83 01:10 Paso 49-3
Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
;get re!iister
SOBDSP: :JSR
PC.SETREB
004767 177214
;error1 not a register na1.e
BM!
21
100731
;check for co11a between oF>erands
PC,COHACH
004767 177554
JSR
PC.GETEXP
004767 171402
JSR
idid expression contain undefir1ed ss1bols?
Hl:URCOM
106437 007326
MIPS
ino1 no ?roble1
2U
001402
BEG
;~es' aake instruction 'BR ,• so no rans~ error
nov
HIADDRrR5
013705 007756
;1ake it relative
HADVADR.R5
163705 007334
21•: 5118
RS
!BO 153136 006205
ASR
;SOB instruction uses ne9ated disPlace1er1t
RS
181 153140 005405
NEB
i6-bit disF-lace1er1t
1177700,RS
182 153H2 032705 177700
BIT
; rar19e or direction error
20t
BNE
183 153146 001313
131
184 153150 000747
BR
185
PC,GETEXP
i!let trap nuaber
EMTRAP:: JSR
186 153152 004767 171344
;sho1Jld be <256.
t177400,R5
187 153150 032705 177400
BIT
;)255, t errorBNE
21
188 153162 001303
189 153164 000741
BR
131
190
;get character after co11a
PC,GETNXT
t9t:
JSR
191 153166 004767 160234
;Rt 1ust be O when enterin!i -- is it C?
Ro,1103
COHCOD!!CHPB
192 153172 120027 000103
193 153176 001003
BH£
161
iset C bit
tl .R1
194 153200 052701 000001
BIS
195 153204 000421
BR
m
161:
R0.1126
iis it V?
196 153206 120027 000126
CMPB
171
197 153212 001003
BNE
t2,RI
;,.t v bit
198 153214 052701 000002
BIS
BR
199 153220 000413
151
RO,t132
Hs it Z?
17S:
CMPB
200 153222 120027 000132
BNE
181
201 153226 001003
14,Rl
;set Z bit
202 153230 052701 000004
BIS
ISi
BR
203 153234 000405
i1s it N?
1st: CMPB Ro.1116
204 153236 120027 000116
ino1 illegal character
BNE
21
205 153242 001253
t10,Rl
iset Hbll
206 153244 052701 000010
BIS
207
;get next character
PC,GETNXT
208 153250 004767 160152
1st: JSR
RO,toS4
iis it a coua?
CHPB
209 153254 120027 000054
;~es' set so1e 1ore
210 153260 001742
BEG
191
;co1Pensate tor opcode base 'lalYe = 241 or 261
DEC
R1
211 153262 005301
iadd condition bits to OPCOde
212 153264 000637
BR
11
.DSABL LSB
213
214
215 153266 007521 054000 001155 BRAHCH: .RAD50 /BRAHCH OUT Of RANGE/
153274 076417 022622 004167
153302 017500
.WGRD 0
216 153304 000000

172 153102
173 153106
174 153110
175 153114
176 153120
177 153124
178 153126
179 153132

A-85

HI Evalu•tion ltooole "onitar MCRO V05.00 Sunda• 13-Har-83 04110 Pase SO

Instruction Encode/Decode Routines

;++

I
2
3

TYPINS decodes the instruction at address R4 and t':IPes it followed on the

next line b~ the next address.

;--

s
6 153306
7 153310
8 153312
9 153314
10 153316
11 153320
12 153324
13 153330
14 153332
IS 153334
16 153340
17 153344
18 153346
19 153352
20 153354
21 153356
22 153360
23 153362
24 153364
25 153370
26 153372
27 153376
28 153400
29 153404
JO 153410
31
32 153412
33 153414
34 153420
35 153422
36 153424
37 153430
38 153434
39 153436
40 153442
•1 1SJH6
42 153450
l3 !SJm
44 153456
45 153460
46 153464
47 153470
48

011405
010500
006300
006300
000300
042700
110037
005705
100027
042705
004767
006202
105762
100017
006302
012405
010246
006302
062702
011201
004767
012602
012701
004767
000412
012405
004767
010246
006302
062702
004767
012602
012700
004767
006202
11.\201
006201
006201
042701
004771
000167

177700
007342

100000
!Ml0130

156034

TYPINSl ll\OV
llOV
ASL
ASL
SWAB
BIC
HOVB
!ST
BPL
B!C
JSR
ASR
TSTB
BPL
ASL

St:
000054

156502
160340
000011
160062

6t:

156034

177741
153514
001554

49 153471 012702 000212

1f~

50 153500
51 153504
52 153506
53 153510
54 153512
55
56 153514
57 153516

3t:

020562 155620
103002
005742
000773
000207
154132
153540

4t:

;store the• here for operand decode
;not a b1:1te aode instruction
;first see if it's a bste aode instruction
;aatch to table1 set index

HOV
JSR
HOV
ASL
ADD
.JSR
HOV
llOV
JSR
ASR
HOVB
ASR
ASR
BIC
JSR
JltP

<R4H,RS
;set OPcode
iaatch to table
Pc.JI
R2•-<Sf')
;save index
i1ake inde>: to 11ne11onic
R2
t11N£11S,R2
pt,f·RINT2
;t!IPe ane1onic
<SPHoR2
;set ir1dex b~k
;t!:!Pe <tab>
1011'RO
PCoCHROUT
;1al-.e b!:lte instruction inde>:
R2
PARAllS<R2hRI fset foraat c~
Rl
RI
;1ask out the sarbase
t177741•Rl
PC,@IHTDSP<Rll ; t!:IPe of'erands
it!:IPe next address and a tab
TYPADI!

HOV
CHP
BHIS
!ST
BR
RTS

;index last base value
IPARAftS-BASES-2.R2
ico1pare opcode to base valve
R5·BASES<R2)
;1atch
41
-IR2l
ikeeP lookins
31
PC

"ov

0062M
160374

;set bits a throush 13

JSR
llOV
HOV
.JSR
BR

"ov

160406

;set oPcode

t!OOOOO•R5
pc,11
R2
PARAllS<R2)
51
R2
<R4)t.R5
R2,-(SP)
R2
tltHEHS,R2
<!R2oR1
PCoPRIHTl
<SPl+.R2
ISOlSOl2oR1
PC.PRINT!
61

HOV
ASL
ADD

156502

@R4,RS
RS•RO
RO
RO
RO
t177700,RO
RO,HllODE
RS

IllTDSP: .WORD

.WORD

TCOMCO
NOPCOD

A-86

;not b~te aode, do it nor1all1:1
i restore R2
ifix R41 restore R5

;save index

faake index to 1ne1onic
;set 3 chracter aneaonic
;t~Pe it

irestore R2
ltype B <SPl <SP>

;cvzN
i16 bit value, net an oPCode

T-11 Evaluation Kodulo Hooitor HACRO VOS.00 Sund•• 13-Kar-83 04:10 P,.e 50-1

Instruction Encode/DfCode Routines
58 153520
59 153522
60 153524
61 153526
62 153530
63 153532
64 153534
65 153536
66
67
6B 153540
69 153542
70
71 153544
72 153550
73 153554
74 153560
75 153564
76
77 15356.1
78 153S72
79
BO 153574
Bl 153600
82
83 153602
84 153606
85
86 153612
87 153616
SB 153622
89 153626
90 153632
91
92 153636
93 153642
94 153646
95 153650
96 153652
97 153656
98
99 153662
100 15366.1
101 153674
102
103 153676
104 153702
105 153706
106 153710
107 153714
108 153716
109 153720
110
Ill 153722
112 153724
llJ 153730
114 153732

153564
153722
15373!
1535H
153554
153544
153566
153676

,ll{JR[I

!HTDON

irro operands

.WORD
.WORD

TEKTRP
TBRDSP
TRGllST
T!WRHD
TSRJ)ST
TRTSl«i
TSOBDS

;EHT and TRAP
;a-bit dis~lace1ent

.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
,WORD

i~1DD

iSS or DD

;ss,oo

;R
Hi-bit roositive disPlace1er1t

.EHABL LSB

NOl'coo: :rsr

oo5m
000553
004767
004767
004767
004767
000207

;bac~ UP to nutber
;type it as data

-(R1)

12f

;type an operand

000200
000026
000102
000164

TSRDST: :JSR

JSR
TOPRHD:: JSR
JSR
IHTOOH: RTS

PC• TFllOP
pe, TCOlllA
PC,6£TDST
PC• Tf\ILIJI'
PC

004767 000070
000421

TRTSRG:: JSR
BR

PC.GHOST
!REGIS

itYPe resister nate

004767 000036
000763

TRGDST::JSR

PC,TR£G!S
13$

it':IPe re~ister
itype co11ta and second OPerand

012700 000054
000167 157716

TCOHKA: HOV
JHP

IOS4•RO
CHROIJT

012700
004767
004767
012700
000167

000050
157706
000010
000051
157672

TPREG:: KOV
JSR
JSR
HOV
JHP

tOSOrRO

113700
042700
006300
006300
016001
000167

007342
177770

TREGlS : : HOVB
BIC
Ast
ASL
llOV
JHP

HKODE,RO
1177770,RO
RO
RO
DSYllS<RO>.Rl
PRINT4

GET DST: HOVB
110537 007342
8IC8
142737 000300 007342
111!
RTS
000207

R5.elHODE
1300oPIHODE
PC

004767 177734
004767 177674
010501
042701 177700
006301
005401
000407

TSOBDS ! : JSR
JSR
HOV
B!C
ASL
NEG
BR

PC.TREGIS
PC,TCOHHA
RS.Rt
1177700,RI
RI
RI
61

;t!:IPe resister na1e

010501
042701 177400
005744
000404

TE"TRP!:trov
BIC
TST
BR

RS.RI
1177400,RI
-IR4)
7$

iset lower 8 bits without si!n extend

156142
160126

PC,CHROIJT
PC,TRfGIS
1051'RO
CHROUT

A-87

it~Pe

coe1a

iset bits Othrou9h S of opcode
;t':IPe operand

itYPE! (

itYPe resister naae

;set bits O throush 2
; inde)( reSistet na1e

;set RADSO triPJet
jl':JPe it

it!:IPe co11a

;set lower 6 bits
;1ake it a b!:lte disPlaceaent

;TYPl02 will advance R4

T-11 Evaluation Pkldule Monitor KACRO V05, 00 Sund•• ll-llar-83 04:10 Pase 50~2
Instruction Encode/Decode Rootines
l1S

116 153734
117 153736
118 153740
119 153742
120 153744
121
122 153750

110501
006301
060401
005744
00016) 001162

TBRDSP: : HOVB
ASL
61!
ADD
TST
7t:
JHP

R5•Rl
Rl
R4•Rl
-(R4l
TYPL02

;set lower 8 bits with sisn e~tend
;;ake it a b~te disPlace1ent
;add in the 'PC'
;TYPL02 will advance R~
;t~e this value

113702 007342

!FULOP! !HOVB

@IHODE•R2

iaddressinS •ode scratch
ideferred?

m 153m Ol2702 000010

m 153760
125 153762
126 153766
127 153772
128 153776
129 154000
130 154004
Ill 154006
132 154012
Ill 154014
m 154020
ll5 154022
136 154026
137 mo3o
138 154034
139 154040
140 154044
141 154050
142 154052
143 154056
144
145 154062
146 154066
14) 154072
148
149 l54m
ISO 154102
151 154104
152 154110
153 154112
m 154116
155
156 154120
157 154122
158 154124
159 154126
160
161 154!32
162 mm
163 154136
164 154140
165 154144
166 154150
16) 154152
168 154154
169 154160
170 154164
171 154166

001404
012700
004767
120227
103717
120227
103034
120227
001423
120227
001420
120227
103404
012700
004767
004767
120227
103245
012700
000!67

000100
157536
000020

1$!

000060
000027

BEG
llOV
JSR
CHPB
BLO
CHPB
BlHS
CHPB
BEU

000037

CHPB
BEU

000040
000055
157470
!))546
000040

4f ~

00005l
157446

CHPB
BLO
KOV
JSR
JSR
CHPB
lUHS
KOV
JHP

012700 000043
004767 157436
000167 001016

3f!

HOV

12f:

JSR
JHP

120227 000067
001406
120227 0000))
001403
004767 000776
000635

2t:

012401
060401

5t:

oosm
000167 001000
010501
006201
103004
012700
004767
006201
103004
012700
004167
006201
103004

000103
157360
000126
157344

CKPB
BEU
CKPB
BEG
JSR

tlOrR2

;no

llOO•RO
PC,CHROUT
R2,120
!REGIS
R2rt60
21
R2,127
31
R2•137
31
R2,140
41
1055•RO
PC,CHROUI
PC, TPR£G
R2,140
INT DON
1053,RO
CHROIJT

tt~Pe

t1ode 0 or J?
Just t~Pe resister na1e
i1ode 6 or 7?
;1j'es, ir1dexed
;i11ediate?
i1J'es
Iabsolute?
;~es,

i!~es

; autodecre1ent?
ir.o

H8Pe it~Pe resister naae in Parenthesis
iaotoincre1ertt?
ioo, finished
it~PE'

it":We t

1043,RO
PC.CHROUT
TYPL01

ft~Pe ne>:t

R2,t67

; relative?

location

;~es

R2•177

irelative deferred?

i'::les

PC,TYPLOl
TPRfG

it!IPe next location
it<&Pe re.!iister na1e iri Parenthesis

KOV
ADO
TS!
J!P

!R41t.Rl
R41Rl
-(R4>
TYPL02

;get next location
iadd in the 'PC'
;TYPL02 will increaent R41 don't do it now
;t!lf'e the value

TCONCD: atov
ASR
8CC
ltOV
JSR
et:
ASR
BCC
ltOV
JSR
ASR
9f:
BCC

RS.RI

i.!iet OPCOdf

;c bit set?

ino

1103,RO
PC,CHROUT
Rt
91
1116,RO
f'C.CHROUI
RI
101

it'::IPE' C

A-88

;v bit set?

il bit set?

T-11 Evaluation 11odule Konitor ltACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04ll0 Pase 50-3
Ir1struction Encode/Decode Routines

172 154170
173 154174
174 154200
175 154202
176 154204
177 154210
178

012700
004767
006201
103234
012700
000167

000132
157330

tos:
000116
157314

HOV
JSR
ASR
BCC
llOV

1132,RO
PC,CHROUT
Rl
11$

1116,RO
CHROUT
.DSABL LSB

JllP

A-89

PN bit set?

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Monitor HACRO V05,00 S\Jfld., !3-Har-83 04:10 Pase 51
Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 154214 005000
9 154216 005200
10 154220 162701 001750
11 154221 103374
12 154226 005300
13 154230 062701 001750
14 154234 006301
15 154236 010146
16 154240 006301
17 mm 006301
18 154244 062601
19 154246 062700 000060
20 154252 000207
21

,SBTTL

Co~version and lYPeout Routines

1++
BINASC strips the thousands disit froa the value in Rl and 1ultiPlies Rl
b• 10. Use BillASl to ••t the 10000.s disit,
;-;divide by successive subtraction

BINASC: :CLR
1s:
INC
SUB
BCC
DEC
ADD
ASL
HOV
ASL
ASL
ADD
ADD
RTS

11000 .. RI
RI
Rl,-(51')
RI
RI
ISPH,RI
1060,RO
PC

BINASl::CLR
1s:
INC
SUB

RO
RO
110000,,Rl

;divide by successive subtraction

BCC

DEC
ADD
ADD
RTS

RO
110000, •Rl
1060,RO
PC

;workedr no borrow
ifix RO
iand Rl
;take an ASCII disit

RO
RO
11000, •Rl
l$

ltrY to subtract 1000.
;workedr no borrow
ifix RO
fand Rl
;tulti•I• RI b• 10
itiaes B
;p}us 2 aakes 10 X
iadd 060 to 1ake it an ASCII disit

23 154254
24 154256
25 1smo
26 154264
27 154266
28 154270
29 154274
30 154300
31
32
33
34

005000
005200
162701 023420
103374
005300
062701 023420
062700 000060
000207

;++
RADCH checks if the character in RO is a legal RADSO character. Returns

H=I if not.
;--

35
36
37 154302
38 154306
39 154310
40 154314
41 154316
42 154322
0 154324
44 154330
45 154332
46 154336
47 154340
48 1543H
49 mm
so 154350
51 154352
52 154m
53

;tr~ to subtract 10000.

120027
103017
120027
103016
120G27
103011
120027
103010
120027
001405
120027
001402
000270
OG0207
000250
000207

000133
000101
000072

RADCH: : CHPB
BHIS
CHPB
BHIS
CHPB
BHIS

RO.till
2t
R0.1101

C"PB

R0,1060

BHIS
CHPB
BED
CHPB
BED

000060
000056
000044

2s:

SEN

1s:

RTS
CLN
RTS

ihiSher than Z?
iA or higher1

RO.t072
2$

R0.1056

J! or hisher!

;o Gr hi~her?
;period1

R0,1044
1$

PC
PC

A-90

fdollar si!ln?

T-11 Eviluation Hodule Monitor llACRO VOS.Q-0 Sund"" 13-Har-83 04:10
Conversion and T~Peout Routines

Pa~e 52

it+
2
3
4
5
6
7
B 154356
9 154362
10 154364
II 154370
12 154172
13 154376
14 154400
15 154402
16 154404
17 154406
18 154410
19 154412
20 154414
21
22
23
24
25
26 154416
27 154422
28 154426
29 154430
30 154434
31 154436
32 154442
33 154444
34 154446
35 154m
36 154456
37 154460
38 154464
39
40 154466
41 154470
42 154474
43
44
45 154476
154504
46 154510
47
48 l54Sl2
154520
49 154522

NU11CH chec~,s it the character in RO is riuaeric and returns fla!1s as follows:
N=O, V=O character is 0 throu!1h 7
N=Or V=l character is 8 or 9
N=l an~ other character
;--

120027 000060
103413
120027 oooon
103010
120027 000070
103002
000257
000207
000257
000262
000207
000270
000207

HUttCH:: CHPB

2i:

1s:

!LO
CHPB
BHIS
Cl'l'B
BH!S
CCC
RTS
CCC
Sl:V
RTS

RTS

R0,1060
II

Ro.ton
II

RO,tOJO
2$

iis il ()or hillher?
;no, non-nu1eric
iis it hi9her than 9?
;'jlls, non-nu1eric
jis it hi~r than 71.
;11esr 8 or 9
;tla~ 0 throu~h 7

iflas 8 or 9
PC

i++
ASCRAD oultiPti .. RI boJ 40 and adds the RAD50 eouiYalent of RO,

;-004767
120027
001416
120027
001414
120027
001412
060001
162701
120027
103002
062701
000207

157500
000040

CltPB

PC,R1X40
R0,1040
II
RO·l-056

BEQ

CHPB
ADD
SUB
CHPB
BHIS
ADD
RTS

RO,l-044
5$
RO.Rt
llOO•RI
RO,tlOI
II
1056,Rl
PC

INC
ADD
RTS

RI
1033.RI
PC

ASCRAD: :JSR

CHPB
JIEQ

000056
000044

JIEQ

000100
000101
000056

005201
062701 000033
000207

1$!
4f:

st:

;•ultiPl~ Rl b~ 40

;spaces converts to 0
;period is 34
idollar si!in is 33

ialPhabetics are 1 throush.32
rr.uaerics are 36 throush 47

054754 000566 001533 USERAH: .RAD50 /NOT IN USER RAH/
021020 070265
,WORD 0
000000
057144 000054 015725 ODDADR: ,RAD50 /ODD ADDRESS/
074670
, lllJRD 0
000000

A-91

T-11 Evaluation Module llonitor HACRO V05,00 Sundas 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa•e 53
Conversion and TsPeout Routines
1
.ENABL LSB
2
3
Ht
ADRCHK checks that the nulber in R4 is even if current aode is word size,
4
ADRCH1 aoves the current address into R4 and checks that it is in user RAH.
5
;-6
7
@1$ADDRrR4
8 154524 013704 007756
ADRCHl:: HOV
9 154530 032737 040000 007706 ADRCH2: : BIT
tF.PROTr@tFLAGSliaonitor scratch Protection disabled?
10 154536 001024
isesr proceed to odd/even check
BNE
ADRCHK
iabove uPPer instance of aonitor scratch?
11 154540 020427 020000
CKP
RM20000
12 154544 103021
ADRCHK
ises
BHIS
ibelow lower instance?
13 154546 020427 006500
CKP
R41HUR
14 154552 103416
ADRCHK
ises
BLO
iwithin lower instance of 1onitor scratch?
15 154554 020427 010000
CKP
R4rt10000
2$
ises1 user not allowed to deposit there
16 154560 103407
BLO
R41-<SP)
KOV
17 154562 010446
itranslate R4 froa lxxxx ran~e to Oxxxx
SUB
t100001R4
18 154564 162704 010000
CKP
R41UUR
19 154570 020427 006500
; restore R4
20 154574 012604
KOV
CSPHrR4
iit's between instances of scratch
21 154576 103404
BLO
ADRCHK
2$l
22 154600 012702 154476
KOIJ
tUSERAK1R2
iPoint to aessa•e
1$l
23 154604 000167 166402
JltP
ERROR
itsPe error aessa•e
24
25 154610 105737 007330
ADRCHK ! !TSTB
HTKPltOD
3$
26 154614 100406
BKI
27 154616 032704 000001
BIT
t11R4
3$
28 154622 001403
BEG
29 154624 012702 154512
HOV
tODDADR1R2
iPoint to aessa~
1$
JO 154630 000765
BR
31
Jt:
RTS
PC
32 154632 000207
.DSABL LSB
33
34
35
it+
; TYPASC tYPes Rl as an ASCII bste or word,
36
;-37
38
39 154634 105737 007330
TYPAsc::rm
HTHPHOD
1$
40 154640 100404
BHI
SWAB
iin word aode1 tYPe hi•h order character first
41 154642 000301
Rl
PC11$
42 154644 004767 000002
JSR
43 154650 000301
SWAB
Rl
1$l
itYPe low order character in Rl
44 154652 010100
HOV
R11RO
JHP
ASCOUT
45 154654 000167 156746

A-92

T-11 Evaluation Hodule Monitor ltACRO V05,00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pase 54
Cor1version ;md TsPeout Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 154660
7 154664
8 154666
9 154670
10 154672
11 154676
12 154702
13 1547!e
14 154714
15 154716
16 154722
17 154726
18 154732
19 154734
20 15mo
21
22
23
24
25
26 154744
27 154746
28 154754
29 154756
30 154764
31 154766
32 154770
33 154772
34
35 155002
36 155004
37 155006
38 15'5010
39 155012
40 155014
41 155016
42 155010
43 155022
44 155026
45 155032
46 155036
47 155040
48
49

;++
TYPD£C t~Pes t.he val~ in Rl as a si!lr1ed, 5-di!ii t deci1al nuaber followed
b!:I a Period. TYPDE1 can be used lo ts-Pe unsisne-d n!JMers.

;-012700
005701
100003
0054-01
012700
004767
112737
004767
000402
004767
004767
105337
001371
012700

000040

000055
156626
000005 007341
177340
177272
156602
007341

TYPDEC::HOV

1•:

TST
Bl'L
NE6
HOV
JSR

KIJYB

JSR
51:
Jt:

000056

ooow 156564

BR
JSR
JSR
11£CB
SHE
HOV
JltP

t040,RO
Rl
II
RI
toss.Ro
PC,~OUT

t5,@tc0UNT2
pt,BillASl
31
PC,SIHASC
pc,c~our

ftc1JUNT2
51
t056,RO
CHRDUT

itsPe a period

;++
TYPOCT t1JPes R1 as an octal word.
j--

005000
032767
001407
112767
000301
006301
006100
000411
112767
000405
005000
006301
006100
006301
006100
006301
006100
062700
004767
105337
001362
000207

TYPOCTI l CLR

BIT

000200 032354

BED

000003 032355

000006 032337

1•:

HOllll
SWAB
ASL
ROI.
8R
HOVB

2s:
4S:
JS!
000060
156476
007341

CLR
ASL

RO
tF.BYTH,THPHOli iis it in bste 1ode
ibranch if ses
II
;if t<Yte 1ode ool!:I three di!iits
t3,COIJHT2
ionl'iJ low hY:te out
RI
Rl

RO
31
IO.COUNT2
31
RO

ROL

ASL
ROL
ASL
ROL
ADD
JSR
DECB
BHE

RTS

RO
Rl

RO
t060,RO
pc,CHROUT
HCOUIH2
2f
PC

A-93

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Honitor KACRO V05,00 Sunda• 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pa!le 55
Conversion and TYPeout Routines

;++
2
3
4
5 155042
6 155050
7 155052
8 155056
9 155062
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 155064
17 155070
18 155072
19 155076
20
21
22
23
24
25
26 155100
27 155104
28 155112
29 155114
30 155116
31 155122
32 155124
33 155126
34 155132
35 155136
36 155140
37 155144
38 155146
39 155152
40 15515,4
41 155156
42 155162
43 155164
44 155166
45
46 155170
47 155172
48 155176
49 155200
50

TYPSPC l':1Pes a tab, except in iristruction aode (type nothing) •
f ·-

132737 000100 007330 TYPSPC: !BITe
BNE
001004
KOV
012700 004440
000167 156446
2t:
J~
000207
tt:
RTS

tF,JHSToftTHPHOD
II
t~ooio11+040,RO

;SPace' tab

CHROOT
PC

;++
TYPNtm typ-es the value in Rt as a s!iabol or nuaber.

TYPNH1 t~s the value in Rt as a nulber only,
j--

004767 174542
100402
000167 156676
000722

TYPNUtt:!JSR
BK!
JKP

TYPN"1:: BR

;++

PCoHATSYH
TYPNKl
PRINT2
TYPOCT

itrY to aatch a sYabol
;unsuccessful, tYPe nU11ericallY
Petse tYPe sYabol's na1e

R4 is advanced
to the next location. TYPl01 ran be used within instruction t~Peout,

TYPLOC t':1Pes the location addressed bY R4 in the current IOde.

;-004767
132737
001026
011401
105737
100003
111401
1)42701
004767
100403
012700
000402
012700
004710
005204
105737
100401
005104
000207

TYPl..OC:: JSR
177504
Bili
000100 007330
BNE
TYPL01: !HOV

007330

133774

TSH
BPL
HOVB
BIC
TYPL02: :JSR
BK!
Jt:
HOV

155076

21:

177400
174474

5t:
007330

010546
004767 176110
012605
000207

OS!

KOV
JSR
INC
TSTB
IHI
INC
RTS

TYPLOI::HOV
JSR

KOV
RTS

PCoAMCHK
IF .INST oetTltPllOII
TYPLOI
;set current location as a word
fR4oRl
iare we in ~e aode?
emPHOD
ino
TYPL02
eR4,RI
;else set location as a byte
fpr-event si9f1 extension
1177400oR1
;tr<J to tilt'h a s'Sabol
PCoMlSYH
iunsucces1jful
21
IPRINT2oRO
51
tTYPNHhRO
PColROI
R4
emPNOD
61
R4
PC
R5o-<SPl
PCoTYPINS
<SPl+.R5
PC

A-94

;save R5 because TYPINS uses it

;t<JPe an instruction
; restore R5

T-11 Evaluation Hodul• Konilor KACRO \1()5,00 SundaY 13-Kar-83 04!10

Pa~•

Conversion and T~eout Routines

1
2
3
4
5 155202 004767 000042
6 155206 112737 000010 007340
7 155214 004767 177660
8 155220 004767 177616
9 155221 005704
10 155226 001406
11 155730 020405
12 155232 101003
13 155234 005337 007340
14 155240 001365
15 155242 000207
16 155244 ooom
17 155246 000207
18
19
20
21
22 155250 016746 032054
23 155254 042767 000200 032046
24 155262 004767 156236
25 155266 010401
26 155270 132737 000002 007330
27 155276 001006
28 155300 004767 174326
29 155304 100403
30 155306 004767 156462
31 155312 000402
32
33 155314 004767 177424
34 155320 012700 020072
35 155324 012667 032000
36 155330 000167 156174

itf

TYPLIN t!IPes the next 8 locations or four locations if in binary 1M>de.
j--

TYPLIN: :JSR

1s:

2s:
3S:

l!OVB
JSR
JSR
TST
BEQ
CKP
BHI
DEC

PC,TYPADR
18 .. HCOUNTl
PC•TYPlOC
Pc.TYPSPC
R4
31
R4•R5
21
HCOUIHI

BN£

RTS
CLZ
RTS

itYPe address in R4 as label or octal nu1ber
it!lf't' location in current 1ode1 advance R4

ifor 177776 to 0 rase
idone iJet!
i!les

;++
TYPADR t!IPH the value in R4 as a label or octal nu1berr followed b!I : <SP>
;-TYPl\DR::KOV

BIC
JSR
KOi/

91TB
BN£

JSR

PC,KATSYK

BK!

JSR

PC,PRINT2
21

1•:
2t:

TllPlfflD, -! SP I
;for b1:1t.e 1ode
IF,BYTK.TKPllOD
PC,CRtF
R4•RI
IF, ABS •@ITKPKOD

JSR
KOV
KOV
JIW

PC, TYPOCT
14001040+072, RO
; res tor 1ode
!SPlh TKPKOD
CHROUT

A-95

T-11 Evaluation Module l'klnitor MACRO VOS , 00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pas• 57
Conversion and TYPeOJJt Routines

2
3
4
5
6 155334
7 155336
8 1553H
9 155352
10 155356
11 155362
12 1553M
13 155366
14 155370
IS 155372
16 155374
17 155376
18 155402
19 155406
20 155412
21 155416
22 155422
23 155426
24 155432
25 155434
26 155440
27 155442
28 155444
29
30 155450
31 155454
32 155460
33 155466
34 155472
35 155U6
36 155500
37 155504
38 155506
39 155510
40 155514
41 155516
42 155520
43 155524

44 155526

.SBTTl Power-uF DiaSnostics
.ENABl LSB
005203
012737
012737
012705
012701
010102
005000
010041
005200
005201
077104
012706
012700
004767
042703
110337
012701
012702
005000
004767
005705
001035
012705

000377 177440
000011 177444
003133
007776

010000
005777
000146
177770
177444
133000
160000

00012Q
000117

DIAGHO:: lift
11{JV
HOV
HOV
11{JV
ltOV
ClR
HOV
t •:
INC
INC
SOB
HOV
HOV
JSR
BIC
HOVB
HOV
HOV
ClR
JSR
TST
SHE
HOV

177560
HOV
000002
SLUTSJ: rm
000004 000004
BISB
000060
KOVB
105760 000004
SLU.1: rm
100375
BPL
110160 000006
HOVB
SLU.2: rm
105710
100376
BPL
126001 000002
CHPB
001010
BHE
105201
INCB
120127 000072
CHPB
001362
BNE
142760 000004 000004
B!CB
105005
CLRB
005705
TST
2•:
001005
BNE
132737 000002 177564
BITB
001401
BEG
000670
BR
000167 161100
JMP
~·:
012700
105760
152760
112701

45 155534
4b 155536
47 155540
48 155542
49 155550
50 155551
51 155554
52
53
54
SS 155560 062100
56 155562 020102
57 155564 103775

iuse r3 as di9it to disPla~ nulOer
;1isht all se!laents
iturn on led
t400*006+13J,R5 iin1tialize error code '12'
17776,Rl
1fill RAl1 with paltern1 saving location for JSR

R3
1377,e!PSPORA
llhe!PSPORC
R1,R2
RO
RO,-<Rll
RO
Rl
R1•1f
110000,SP

15777,RO
PC,CHKSUH
1177770.R3
R3,HPSPORC
1133000,Rl
IEND,R2

iset Sf' to toP of RAM
;chet<ksua cotPle•ent for RAH Pattern
ichecks1J111 words fro1 Rt (=Ol to R2 (=:7776)
;1ask of all biJt disit select
iturn off let;! and t1Jrn on disit
iindex ROHs
iset UPPer checksUI li1it to top of ROKs
iPerfor1 chec~su1 of R011

PC1CttKSUlt
R5
2S

ido we have an error ~et?
;l::les1 exit and show it
t400tOOO+l17rR5 iinitialize error code ' 3'

4S
12.@1177564
41
DIAGNO
!START

i?oint to console
iclear out and recieYed sarbage
jset aainenace bit
iinit character to x1it
iread~ to x1it
;no - wait
;ser.d char to reciever
ireceived a char
;no - uait
i!fot what ~OIJ x11itted
ino - error
iProduce rie>:t ascii character
;
ilooP until checked 0 to 177
;reset aaintenace bit
i':ifs' cleir error
icheck for error
ibranch it error
1see if in diasno aode
; if not then soodb~
;100? for eyer
;initialize scralchPad RAtt and start aonilor

IRllt.RO
R1,R2
CHKSUlt

iacc1J1ulate checksu1
;done l::let7
ino

117756o.RO

2(R0)
J4,4(R01
160,Rl
4<ROI
SLU.1
Rh61ROI
(ROI
SLU,2
2<ROI oRl

21
Rl
Rl ,172
SLU.1
14,4(RQ)
RS

,ENABl lSB

CHKSU11: lA[l[I
CHP
BlO

A-96

T-11 Evaluation Kodule ltonilor KACRO \IOS,00 Sund"' 13-Kar-83 04!10 Pa<e 57-1
Power-up Dia~nostics
SB 155566
59 155570
60 155572
61 155574
62 155576

000305
005700
001001
105005
000207

1$:

SWAB
TST
BHE

RS
RO

CLRB

RTS

itest result

ichecksut failed
ielse clear error

A-97

T-11 £valuation llodule Monitor llAtRO VOS.00 Sund•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa!li! 58
POiler-uP Oiasnostics

.SBTTL Seecial Data Structures

2
3
4
5

;+t

INSTRUCTION ENCODE/DECODE and COHHAND DECODE TABLES:
The five para1eters listed for each opcode are:
11
Base value of the opcode
2.
Strins na1e of the opcode

7
8

Para1eter orsanization:

00 - decode condition code bits (N1Z1VrC)

01 - nnnnnn Cl6 bit nu1berl

12
13
14

03 - nnn (8 bit nuoberl
04 - xx. !8 bi\ diSl'laceoentl

02 - no Para1eters

OS - r.dd

16
17
18

06-ddorss
07 - ss.dd

1-0 - r

20
21
22
23
24
25
26

The fifth para1eter is a code used b~ the top-level Parser to decode ASCII
characters in the o•o to 077 ran.Se. The values of this Paraaeter are:

0 - lllesal character at to• leYel
l - Interpret as tile first character of an expression or instruction
2 - :, or label definition
3 - ;, or couent
4 - •r or s!:lllbol definition
5 - ?1 or tYP-e as a nu1ber
6 - Valid JS an OPerator within exPressions
7 - Doth 1 and 6 aPPl•

28
29

30
31
32

11 - r'nn (6 bit disPlace11entl
Eauals 1 if instl'IJCtion is le!ial in b'Jte 1ode

;--

34
35

36
37

38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50
51

S2
53

S4
SS

S6
57

.llACRD
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE

INSTRS
000000,<HALT
000001,<W!IT
000002, <RI I
000003.<BPT
000004.<IOT

>,2,0,0
)12r016
>,2,0,0
),2,011
>12r0tl
0000051<RESET >121010
000006,<RTT )121016
0-00007,(
)111011
000100' <.NCP )161010
000200,(RTS )1101010
000210r(
)1l10r6
000240,<NOP >121017
000241,(CL
)101010
000257.<CCC )121017
0002601(
>r11011
000261,<SE >r01016
000277,<SCC )r2101l

.,;space

000300,(SWAB
000400•<BR
001000.<BNE
001400,<DEO
002000.<86£
002400•<BLT

)161011

)r41011

;2
;3

A-98

>1~1011

)r4101l
}141011
>r•hOrl

;•

;x
;1

;•
;c
;)

a
;+

;,
;;,
;1

;s
;6

T-11 Evaluation KoOOle Konitor KACRO VOS.00 Sund•• 13-!ar-83 04ll0 Pa<e 58-1
SPecial Oata Stn.tclure;

CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COOE
CODE
.END!

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

67
68

69
70
71

72
73
74
75
76
77
7B
79
BO
Bl
B2
BJ
84
BS
86
B7

BB
89
90
91
92
93
94
I'S
96

97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104

!OS
106
107 155600
10B 155602
109 155604
110 155606
111 155610
112 155612
113 155614
114 155616

000241
000242
000244
000250
000261
000262
000264
000270

CBASES::.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

0030001(1!6!
0034001<11lE
004000o<JSR
OOSOOOo<CLR
OOSIOOo<CO!

005200,<INC
005300o<DEC
0054001<N€G
005500 •<AOC
005600o<SBC
005700o<TST
0060001<ROR
006100o<ROL
006200o<ASR
006300, <ASL

0064001<
006700o<SXT
007000.<
010000.<llOV
0200001<C!P
OJOOOOo<BIT
0-4-0000o<BIC
050000o<8IS
060000 , <ADD
070000·<
07400(h<XOR
075000.<
077000o<S08
1000001(BPL
100400o<B"I
1010001 <BHI
101400o(lll0S
1020001<8VC
102400.<BVS
103000r<tcC
103000o<BHIS
103400o<BCS
103400r<8LO
104000r<E!T
104400o<TRAP
105000«
106400r<!IPS
106500·<
106700o<MFPS
107000·<
160000o(StJB
170000•<

000241
000242
000244
000250
000261
000262
000264
000270

A-99

),4,0,1
>14,0,1
>1Sr011
)r6rl12
>161113
)r61lil
>161114
),6rlr0
>1611r5
),61110
)161110
)16'110
)161110
)16rl10
)16'110
)11,0,0
)r61010
),1,0,0
>171110
)1 711'(1

)17t110
>,1,1.0
>171110
>171010
>111010
)151010
)r1r010
>r1li010
>141010
)141010
>141010
)141010
),4,0,0
)r4r0r0
)r4r0r0
),4,0,0
>1~1010
>.~,o.o

)131010
)1J1010
>tl10tO
)16rOrO
)111010
>16r010
>111010
)171010
>111010

me
;cLV
iCLZ
iCLN

;SEC

;sEv
iSH
;sEN

;7
;a
i9

.,
"h
i=

...,
j)

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor HACRO VOS.00 Sund•' 13-Hac-83 04:10 Pase 58-2
Si:-erial Data Structures

115
BASVAL, HNEH• FORMAT, BYTHO[I, MISC
,HACRO CODE
.WORD BAS VAL
.ENDH
BASES:: JNSTRS

116
117
118
119 155620
120
121
122
123
124 156034

BASVAL ,HNEH,FORHAT ,BYTH0[1,HJSC
.HACRO CODE
.BYTE <BYTH0Dl200>t<FORHA Tll0: msc
,EN[IH
PARAl!S:: !NSTRS

125
116 156142
127 156146
128 156152
129 156156
llO 156162
131 156166
m 156172
133 156176
134 156202
135 156206
136 156212
137 156216
138 156216

072460
072530
072600
072650
072720
072770
074500
062170
063370
111100
127400

000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000

000000 000000

139 156222 010530 000000

Ho 156226 010600 000000
141 156232
142 156236
143
144 156242
145 156246
146 156252
147 156256
148 156262
149 156266
150 156272
151 156276
152 156302
153 156306
154 156312
155 156316

010650 000000
010720 000000

031324
027030
074745
062073
0620'3
032153
054740
07b464
046531
131014
127726
127736
156 156322 127473
157 156326 127551
158 156332 131247
159 156336 127534
lbO 156342 127534
161 156346 003243
162 156352 011366
163 156356 021411
164 156362 010174
165 156366 035203
166 156'71 012245
167 156376 014724
168 156402 111052
169 156406
170 156406 070530
171 156412 075265

062000
000000
062000
075630
075700
076400
060314
042300
014400
004444
014400
020560

012061
076710
070440
042420
044130
057665
011624
076400
017500
077745
004420
021145
014400
017574
007344

DSYHS:: .RAD50
.RADSO
.RA!1SO
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RADSO
DSYHf'S: ,RAD50
.RADSO
.RADSO
DSYHUR:
.RAD50
.RADSO
,RAD50
.RA050

.RAD50

/RO
/RI

I
I

/R2
/R3
/R4
/RS
/SF'
/PC
/PS
/WP
/,

I
I
!

I
I

/f:t

/B2

/BJ
/B4

f1IRVRI1:: .RAPSO /HELf· I
.RAD50
.RA[•50
DIRVBl: ,RAD50
,RAD50
,RAD50
.RAD50
.RAPSO
,RADSO
.RAD50
,RAll50
.RAD50
•RAD50
.RAD50
.RA050
.RAD50
•RAD50
D!R'JBA: ,RAOSQ
DlRVBB: ,RAI1'50
PIRVBD: •RA[ISO
DlRVBH: .RAI150
DIRVBI: .R:.oso

/GO
/STEF'
/PASS~

!
I

/PASS2 I
/HOST I
/NOHOST I
.'TALK /
/LOAD !

/,START/
/, ErHI I
/.EVEN ,
/,ASCI!/
! 1BYTE /
/,WORD I
1'. Bl~B I
/ ,BLKW ,
IASSOLU/
/CANCEL/

IEXlT I
/BYlf

INSTF;!J ·
,RA{!50 /CLEAR I
.RAD50 /[l£L£ 7 E/
DJRVBN: ,RAD50 /WORD I
DJRVBO:
Dlf:VP.f': .RAD50 /REf'EAT/
D!RVBS: ,F:A!l50 /SYHBOL/
1

A-100

;Predefined s~tbol~- tlJsl riot. be 3 ;i13rcct.ers H1
;1ensthr or ttlse a 'b1::te 10<1e' 1ersh•n of each
;r1a1e will also 1atch' i.e. XYZB will match lo
iXYZ. Oril~ b':lt.e niode rine1tor1ics sho1Jld be 3
icharacters Ions.
1

T-11 Evaluation KodulP Monitor HACRD V05.00
s~ecial Data Structures
172 156416
I 73 156422
174 156426
175 156432
176 156436
177

178 156442
179 156446
180 156452
ISi 156456
182 156462
183 156466
184 156472
185 156476
186
187
188
189
190 156502
191
192

074017
074017
074017
106257
106257

110727
111225

DIR\'BT: , RADSO /SHOW/ID/

.RAD50 !>HOWF:[:
.RAD50 /SHOWSY '

053600
023160

.RADSO i~ TON
.RHD50 /VTOFF I

012266 000000
012272 000000
012256 000000
073613 000000
073636 000000
0736l2 000000
073626 000000

CHNEHS:!.RADSO
. RAD50
,RADSO
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RAD50

/Cll'

/CLV
/Cl:'

/CLN
/SEC
/SEV
, RAD50 /SEZ

.RAD50 /SCH
BASVAL•HNEH·fORHAJ,FYTHOD·HISC
.MACRO CODE
.RADSO 'K:~EM"
.EHDH
HHEHS:: INST•'$
HNEHS\064
HNCCC
i I eris.th of Precediris RA050 table
, - DSYHS
TOPNAH --

T-11 Evaluation Kodule Monitor tw:RO V05,00
SPecial Data Structures

Sur1da~ 13-Mar-83 0-4:10

Page 59

,SBTTL SPare Locations, CheckSUI• and Rffi't I1D1

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
000642
12
13
14
15
16
17
lB 157774 052744
19
20
21
22
23
24 157776
010
25 157777
010
26
27 160000 140000

13-Mar-B3 (4:10 Pase 58-3

111321

012m 000000

156566
000770

Sur1da~

it+

The locations derined b~ the following directive are free and 1ust be
zero for the Power-uP diagnostics to war~- PfOF'erlY. When adding code
in this sPace or chansin! ariY of the F-revious code, ed.iust lhe checksu•
value at OECKS = 157774 so that the ROMs ~s ~ whole will have a :era
word chetksu1.
;-.REPT
.BYTE

<157774-.>
0

.ENDR

;+1
The following word ad.iusts the Rott checksua lo zero.
;--

CHECKSll.WORD

52744

;12-HAY-83 R. Arno\\

;++
The lost b~te in each of the ROHs is used to identify lhe ROMs,
;--

;version 1,Q, low b~te
;version I.Or hi9h b!:lte

LO.ID!! ,BYTE
HI.IO!: .BYTE

010
010

EHD!!

START

,END

A-IOI

T-11 Evaluation "odule l'lon1tor HACRO V05.00 Sunday 13-"ar~BJ 04:10
s~1t>ol

p,.. 59-1

table

ADDIT mm G
ADRCHK 154610 G
ADRCHl 154524 G
AORCH2 154S30 G
AOVAJ1R, 007334 G
ASCO\Jl 133626 G
ASCRAD 154416 G
AUXFLG, 007711 G
AUXIN , 000120 G
AUXOUT• 000124 G
AICREG, 177452 G
AIRBUf, 177550 6
AISREG' 177552 G
AIXBUF, 177450 G
FAS ES 155620 G
BCDKEY 140050 I:
BC[l18L 136522
BIHASC 154214 G
BIHASl 154254 G
BLN!;DS 136350
BLNKHl 136344 G
lllNKLO 136336 6
BL DAO 150442 G
BOTTOH, 1)()7346 G
, 007630 6
BP
BRANCH 153266
BRDISP 153024 6
BREAK 137114 6
BRKFIL, 007760 G
BRKPT 137174 G
BRKPl 141466
BUFFER, 007470 G
CANCEL 142246 G
CBASES 155600 G
CHECKS 157774 6
CllKSUH 155560 6
CHROUT 133530 6
CHROl 133540 G
CHR02 133554 G
CL RAPE 151146
CHllEHS 156442 6
CHOHIT 142724 G
CHON! 142572 G
CHOH2 143164 6
CHON3 143216 G
CHON31 143224
CHON4 143246 6
CHONS 143604 G
CHON6 143616 6
CHIJH7 143652
CHTLC , 007344 G
CO HACH 152670
COHLUP 143646
CONBRK, 0001<0 G
COHCOD 153172 G
COHFLG' 007710 6
COHIN • 000060 G

COHOUT, 000064 G
CONTIH 143612 G
COUHTl' 007340 G
COUNT2' 007341 G
133524 G
CRLf
CURCOH' 007326 G
CIRBUF, 177562 G
CIRCSR, 177560 G
CIXBUF• 177566 G
CIXCSR, 177564 G
DEBNCE, 007704 6
DECDSP 140030 G
DELETE 147444 G
DELIH , 007345 G
DELSYK 151674 6
DGDISP 140014 6
DIAGllO !5S334 G
DIG EXE 1<0542 6
DIRVBA 156346
DIRVBB 156352
DIRVB!r 156356
DIRV!IH 156362
DIRVBI 156366
OIRVBN 156402
nIRVBO 156406
DI RV BP 156406
DIRVBS 156412
DIRVBT 156416
DIRVBI 156256
DIRVRB 156242 6
D!SPLA 135344 6
DIVID 152164 G
DOCOIVI 144124
OOCR
144170 G
DOEXPR 144274 G
DOFUNC 142226 6
DlllABL 151426 G
OON\IAL 144134
OOOPER 145124
OOSYHB 151164 G
DOVE RB 147172 G
DSPDEC 136366 6
DSf'DIG 135772 G
DSPLNH 136044 6
DSPHAK 136112 G
DSPNUH 136050
DSPT!L 140360 G
DSPUHH 136036 G
DSYHPS 156~02
IISYMS 156142 G
DSYHIJR 156216
EABS
146150 G
E9YT
146176 6
ECAH
146156 G
ECHO
134142 G
EClR
146222 G
ECON
146354

rnEL
EDELi
EERR
EEXT

146232 G
146240
140360
146320 G

14656-0 G
146210 G
146760 G
146364 G
153152 G
160000 G
145002
146270 G
146332 G
W276 G
143212 G
143720
1357S6
146312 G
EXDOOP 145220
EXINIT 145172
EXINll 145200
EXF'FLG' 007332 6
fERCHR 1:!7~42 G
FERRO!l 137350 G
150114 6
FIND
FIXBP 140170
FLAGS!= 007706 6
fHESAG 137424 G
FHESGI 137434
FKESG2 137450
fKESG3 137472
FHES64 137522
FHCDON 142264
FNCTBL 1-42234 G
, 007631 G
FP
FPAAEN 145162
FULOPR 152364 G
F.ADS, 000002
F,ADDR, 000004
f,APPL, 011)()00
F.A64X, 000200
F.BRKA, 000400
F,BRKG' 001000
f , BRKS, 000020
F, BYTi>' 000001
F,DYTH, 000200
F, CHAH 000002
F, COHM 000020
f,CPBO, 001)()10
f,CPB!c 000020
f .CPB2° 1)()0040
f,DATA, 000001
f,FUNC, 000040
f,HOST, 004000
F.IHST 000100
f,KfYp, 002000
F.LDST, 000100
Efllll

ElNS
EHOD
EHOV
EHTRAP
END
ENI•EXP
ENUM
EREG
EREP
ERROR
ERROR2
ERRSEG
ESYH

0
0

A-102

f,LOAD, 000200
f .HNEH, 001)()01
f,NULL, 000004
f .PAS!, 100000
f,PROl, 040000
f,REG, 090010
f.SAVX, 000010
F.SST, 000200
F, SSTl, 000001
F, STOP, 000002
F, TBAS, 020000
F.UNDF, 000004
F,USER, 000100
F.USRD' 000010
F.VALLI, 000002
F.VT , 004000
GENEXr 144512 G
GETAR6 152642 G
6ETBP 133436 G
6ETCH 133316 G
6ETCHC 133412 6
GETDSl 1536..S2
GETERH 144556 6
GETEXf' 144522 G
GETEXI 144540
GEllNS 152206 G
GEJKEY 140044 G
6ETLCH 133406 G
GETLIN 133240 G
GETLIT 146060 G
GETNAH 145450 G
GETHHB 145306 G
GET HUH 140054 G
GETNXl 133426 G
GETOf'R 144724 6
6ETOPV 144720 G
GETREG 152322 G
GETSYH 151560 G
6NEXAH 141146 G
147432 G
60
601LED 142270 G
6RET
143052
147320 6
HELP
HEXSEG 13-lOlo G
HfP ' 007072 G
H6f.TCH 134744 6
HJ. ID 157777 G
HOST
150222 G
HOSTBF" 007632 G
HOSHN 134540 G
HSTFLG 007673 G
INSDHl 152744
INSDN2 152760
INSDON 1:.2770
INSDSP 152276
INTDON 153564
INTDSP 153514
0

IOI HIT
IOVECT
ITRAP
KADRCH
KEYBCD
KEYCHD
KEYCHl

135076 G
mm G

MATSYM

151632 G

137334 G
1421s.:.

136514 G
140330 G
140344 G
mm 136H6 G
KEYS£! 13WO
f[YPIV• 007076 G
KEYPVS, 007700 G
•LOOP 140106 G
KLOOPl 141170
KLOOP2 141644
KHONIT 140200 G
LASCOK, 1)()7J:7 f,
LASLIN' 007325 G
LEDl'J , 000104 G
LERR
15om
LEVEL , 007333 G
LINEIN 133000 G
LIHFLG' 007324 G
LOAD
150442 6
LOBLNK 140040 G
LOD!Sf' 140024 6
LOGAN[1 152134 G
LOGOR 152130 G
LO.ID 157776 G
LPAREH 145046
HF8251' 007464 6
HNCCC ' 156566 6
HNEHS 156502 G
HODE : : 007342 G
KONITR 140010 G
HONITl 137556 c
HOVE
150044 G
HULTIP 15~142 G
NAKTBL 136154 G
HOHtlST 150306 G
NOPCtlD 153540 G
HOPROT 150134 G
HPROT 142562 G
NUHCH 154356 G
NUttGET 136546 6
Q[r[rADR 154512
OPERA!, 007343 G
Of'F:AND 153a!6 G
OPRTBL 145250
OPTION 1503~i
OVERFL 143104
PADRA[1 146050
PADRl 146040
PARMS 156034 G
PARDSP 144104
PASS! 150202 G
f'ASS2 150212 G

T-11 f11aluatiori Module Hcnitor MACRO VOS.00 Sunda<J 13-Mar-93 04!10 f'ag:e 59-2

SY1bol ti!l>le
Pl•SUAL 145670 G
PERltOD, 007331 G
PfUEC ' 000024 G
PRINT 133766 G
PRINT A 133754 G
PRINT! 134004 G
PRINT2 133774 G
f'RIHT3 134014 G
f'R!HT4 134010
PR NE RR 143120 G
PROTEC 150172 G
PURGE 133450 G
PllRFVS' 007674 6
PICREGo 177446 G
PIPORA' 177440 G
PIPORC 0 177444 G
f'lf'ORD' 177544 G
PIPORf: 177542 6
PIPOROo 177442 G
RAl•CH 154302 G
REGDST 152724 G
REPEAT 0 007466 G
REPOFO 151412
RERR
1'50152
RPAREN 145152
RSTART 140004 G
RTSREG 152714 G
R!X40 134122 G
160000
000000

000
001
Errors detected! 0
• ABS.

SAUEXP' 007336 G
SCRPADo 007400 G
SCRPDl' 006500 G
SEGBUfo 007712 G
SETAUX 135170 G
SETAXI 135126
SETAX2 135124
SETH OD 146104
SLUTS! 155454
SLU.1 155472
SLU.2 155504
SOBDSP 153102 G
SPCLBf o 007726 G
SPDTBL 142302 G
SPEEDS 142320 G
SRCDST 153006 G
STAl:K ' 007462 G
START 140MO G
STEP
147416 G
SUBTR 152160 G
]AU(
150504 G
TALK! 150530
TBLBOT' 007462 6
TBLFUL 151504
TBLTOP' 007320 G
TBRDSP 153734 G
TCOHHA 153602

TCOHCD ll1132G
TEHTRP 1~3721 G
TFULOP 153750 G
TIME , 007730 G
THPHOD' 007330 G
TOPHAM' 000770 G
TOPRND 153551 G
TPREG 153612 G
TREGIS 153636 G
TRGDST 153574 G
TRTSRG 153566 G
TSOBDS 153676 G
TSRDST 153544 G
TY PA DR 1ss2so G
TYPASC 154634 G
TYPDEC 154660 G
TYPINS 153300 6
TYPUN 155202 G
TYPLOC 155100 6
TYPLOI 155170 G
TYPLOI 155114 G
TYPL02 155132 G
TYPNH1 155076 G
TYPNUH 155064 G
TYPOCT 154W G
TYPREG 151730 G

TYPSPC 155042 G

IRW,f,GBL,ABS,OVR>
IRw.r.LcL.REL•CON)

lSt Asseabler stotistics

Wor~.

file reads: {l

Worf file writes: 0
Size of 1.1orl file: 1{1760 Words I 43 Paoes)
Size of core Pool: 13312 Wards 1 52 P,;isesl
0Peratirl.!i ssstee: Rl-11

ElaPsed ti1e: 00:02:30.51

DK!HON21DK!HON2/C 0 DK!HON2

A·l03

TYPSYH 152102 G

TYPTBL 152040 G
UCSAUE 137004 G
UNDEFX 15ll72
UPBLNK 140034 G
UPD!SF 140020 G
USERAH 154476
USER!U' 000100 G
IJSERVS' 007702 G
150142
VCON
VERR
150146
VERRl 150162
VRBDSP 147220 G
VRBl•Sl 147262
VTJHP 147402
VTOff 147406
147374
VTON
WHM
143076
IADDR ' 007756 G
IAD[IRK 141550 G
IAf•V
141232 G
mo: 141372 G
IBRKP 141462 G
141110 G
ICLR
IEXAH 141122 G
IFUNC 141650 G
IGO
141714 G

IGOl
141722 G
IHALT 136752 G
IHONIT 137570 G
INULLI 135676 G
IHUHER 140430 G
IPC = 007750 G
Sf'S

= 007752 G

IREG
141610 G
IRPEAT 150012 G
IRO = 007732 G
IR! " 007734 G
IR2 = 007736 G
IR3
007740 G
IR4 :: 007742 c,
$R5 ' 007744 r,
ISf' ' 007746 G
141706 r,
ISST
!START 136660 G
IUR = 006500 G
!WATCH' 007754 G
$, A~-CI 14'700 G
l.BLfl 147634 G
l.BLKU 147654 G
I.BYTE 147466 r,
I.EVEN 147776 G
0

l.STn 15034-4

1,WOR!t 147560 G

APPENDIXB
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS

... ...........
J:J

I .. •JZ• .. I

.••••••••••••
.............

+ +
+

("')

l/l

! - - - - - - - - - - - - !?f>!l.i60MMl
10.40 F.B.S. ----------------1
Figure B-1

DCTl 1-EM Component Placement

B-1

PROCESSOR CYCLE OECOCf:
ADDRESS
LATCH

£22
TI
TI
Tl
Ti
Tl
Tl
Ti
Tl

EAI 7 H
EAI 6 H

Tl SAL 15 H
TISALl4H
TISAL13H
Tl SAL12 H
Tl SALi l H

EAI 5 H

EAl 4 H
EAi 3 H
EAI Z H
[Al I H
[AI ID H

Tl [[ACK

TtSALllDH
Tl SAL9H
Tl SAL 8 H

Tl ECOUT H

Tl EPI H
Tl ERAS l
Tl ECAS l

Tl EOMG H

Tl ESEL () H
Tl ESEL I H

Tl EWLB L

Tl ECAS L

Tl EWHB L
T2 ROY L

Tl ECAS H

Tl DAL'tH

Tl ED8tN l

Tl READ H----~~.U

Tl TCU< H

Tl EWHBL-~~-~---.._
Tl BCLR L

·><>-~--------- Tl EWRH l

TISAL7H
TISALbH

Tl SAL5 H
Tl SAL'iH
TI SAL 3 H
TI SAL 2 H

Tl DAL 3 H
TIDAL2H
TIDALIH
Tl DALID H

Tl EWRL L

Tl EDMGL--tt-----;l!~~!__----~ Tl HBDIR H

Tl EDBIN L--t+----"2+f.:.E~2o_!7/

TISALIH

TISALllH

Tl TCLK H

Tl ERES L

TIBCLR. H

''!><>"----- TI READ H
T4 PC3 H

+5V
TIDCLKH

TI D A L l 2 H - - - - - - '

Tl ESEL I H---------~
Tl EOBIN L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '

- - - - - - - - + 12V
.,_---~--+5V

oa
be8UF
Tl T(L.kH

+5V

TEB
Tl DAL 15 H

Tl BCLR H

Tl )ALIS H
Tl CALl4 H
TIDAL13H
Tl DALl2H
TIOALllH
Tl OALlltiH
Tl DAL Q H
Tl DAL BH

Tl EDBIN L
T2 ESEL L

TI
Tl
TI
Tl
TI
TI
TI
TI

o:i
I

DAL 7 H
DAL b H
DAL 5 H
DAL 4H
DAL' H
DAL 2 H
DAL I H
DALIJ H

TZ ARD I)( L
TIDALt3H

C1 4J +sv

E2'
2K

l > ' - - - ! - - - L - - - - - TZ ROY L
----1<"/
E \I AWA TOR DATA
BUS BUF"FER

T 2 06 7 H
T2 l 8 b H
T 2 DB 5 H
T2fi84H
T 2 OB 3 H
TZ f·B ZH
TZ OB I H
T2 DB 1 H

STA~T

Tl DAL 14H

T2DBISH
T20814H
T2 Ofl 13 H
T2D812H
T 2 OB It H
TZDBllJH
T 2 DB Q H
Tl DB 8 H

PERIPHERAL
(HIP
DECODER

TI DAL I I H

lb BIT MODE

Tl DAL,Q H

RffRESH ON

Tl DAL 8 H

NORMAL WRITE

74LSl38

E26

Dro
TISAL3H
Tl SAL4 H
Tl SAL SH

Tl SALO H

T2 PPI L
T2 PCI L
T2 DLART L

Tl E\JLB L

TISALllH
Tr SAL till H
TISALQH
TISAL8H

Tl EDBIN l
TZ ESEL l

ADDRESS
J41llGIJI•

Tl ECAS l L

TISAL7H

\.;.>

T2ACISJ:i
T2 A014 H
T2 ADl3 H
T2AD!2H
T2AD!IH
T2 ADIQIH
T 2 AD 9 H
T2 Ml 8 rl

TIHBCIRH
Tl CALEN L

T2 AD 7 H

Tl AO 6 H
Tl AD 5 H
Tl Afl 'I H
Tl AO 3 H
TlAC2H
Tl AC I H
Tl AD ¢1 H

TI flAL IS H
TI DAL t'I H
Tt[lALl~H

Tl
TI
Tl
Tl

DAL I ! H
OAL I JI H
DAL 9 H
DAL SH

USER OATA
'eus BuffER

E2l
2K

'Tt DAL12 H

IU
T! ECOUT H

T2 COUTH

Tl EPI H
T! ERAS L
Tl ECAS L

Tl ESELGH
TIESELIH
TIEOMGL
Tl EDBIN L

I ..

I ••

+5V

(l't)

EZl
(1'tl2K

T2 PIH

R4
T2 RAS l
SI
HALT

1••
1••
1••

TZ CAS L

T2 SEL (I L

+5V

T2SEL1l

{l'f)

• b ' - ' - , - - - T2 PF l

r--="-'

(14)

L---------l~---

I NC

10•

T2 01'16 L

52
R9

Ill

Al7
2.lK

INT

Tl OBIN L

.,.

.,,

::zi:

Tl SAL 7 H
Tl SAL 6 H

2 ••

...' ..
I A7

'A5

TISAL"iH
TJSALlfH

• AZ

TISALJH
TISALZH

~A<il

Db~ TZ Dll'tM
De;~ TZ DllJH

I A8

z AT

Clftfi-- TZ OBIZH
D'ltf-- TZ 0811 H

ii AC>
lfA'i

DZ~ Tl DBllH
OJ~ TZ 08QH

~A't
bAil

TZOBBH

••

Tl SALIM

T~~!:~__J

Tl EWRL L

07g_._ TZ D87M
06~ TZ DlbH
or;tlt-- TZ oer;H
OP.f~ TZ DB 1tH
OJ 1
TZ081H
TZ DBZH

01~

.'
r;

r----!
r---';

TZOllH

D t f 2 , . - TZ OllH

r;:::::t ~

~TZ0811tM
~TZ081JH
~TZ DllZH

~ TZ 08 7 N
~ rz oe•w
DISH
~ Tl
TZ 08 .. H

?.--- Tl DI lN

•'
,------,

f.f-- TZ 0811 H
~TZ D811H

tk!--- TZ DI <ii H
fL-- T Z 0&8 H

11+-- TZ DBZH

~ rzr·11w
ti-- TZ ['1111 H

r----i

ks1,e1z.rl1

TZ AAOI L

::ZJ

f,?-- TZ DI 1"1N

ozf..!----

5,.P'I"

TZ ARDI L.

~
XE'2

•Ea>

..1.•

All

07.g__ Tl 08 flj H

rsocKEfl

EZI

q All

TISALllH
Tl SALllH
Tl SAL Q H
Tl SAL 8 H

Tl [WRl. L

Tl [WAHL

. - - - - - - - Tl EAi 7 H

, - - - - - - - T l [AlbH

[Al 5H
r - - - - - T I EAi 'tH

~----Tl

TZ 08 1 H
TZ 08 b H

TZ OB 15 H

TZDBllfH
TZ DB Iii H
TZ OB IZ H
TZ DB II H
TZDBllH

Ell
2•

TZ DB r; H
T2 08 't H
TZ OB ii H
TZ 08 Z H
TZ OB I H
T2 OB II H

TZ DB 9 H

TZ 08 8 H

.---'-'-"'"-''"',...-Wt)

E2T--,
I
I
I

I
L-.

Tl EDBIN L
+5V

(llf)

I
l

_.J

•

TZ HALT L

Ti; INTF L
Tit tNTB L
Tl INTA L

AIP'-------------''flA•

T'i (NT7 L:
Tc; INT& I..:
T'; INT'l L
T'i INT2 l

:~l>""---·-+-------__,,,~~~ZAZ
17~:!

T'f Ol'IR L

Tl EAi I H
Tl EAi I H
Tl EAi 2 H
Tl .EAI 1 H

Ell

TZARDIX L

TZARDIX L
Tl EOBIN L

...

TZ PF l.:

II ;:Al

65 ,..

Ell

l'i

Tl (Pl H--.!.il'<l5f~"-----'--'

H Al7H
H AIC:iH
H AISH
HAl'-H
Tl AI I H
HAii H
HA(,ZH

nAtlH

74LS3H

3 DI
f,_;,------~-------~

T2 OB 7 H
TZ DB b H

12 oei:;

rz os ..

>'-"'--------+-.._---------'.i7 02
>-"--------+-.._..~------"lB 03

12 083

l - ' - - - - - - - - + + - i - + - . - - - - - - ' - ' 18
1 04

17 oi:;
~-------++-l-~~-------'-'l
14 Dti
1-'---------++-i-~,.+,----~

T 2 082 H

>-'--------+-.._..+--<-H~-----<P 07
OC

T4 PB 7 H
T4 PB b H
14 PB<; H

7"+S2i+IZ

E~7

4 DI
F-------+~-------"<

z IAI
ROCl>·µ2~--------------''I

E~b

4 IA2 ll.
Rl(l)~~'------------------':!.1
b IA3
R2rn~•'----------------'"l
8 IA"+
R3(1)~·'-----------------'0l

Rl5

.., "'

Ri'7

Rib

I 7 ZA"+
A4(1)~1 ~·-------------'-'-l

Rl8

6-------------.!.21
I 5 2A3
Rsm·µ'-"

"'
"' "'
Rt9

I 3 2A2
RMD•µ1 -'~--------------'-ll

"""'

T4 UDP L
T4 UG L
T4 UF' L
T4 UE L
T4 UD L
T4 UC L
T4 UBL
T4 UAL

R21

I I 2AI
R7W~1 ~2 --------------'-.!.1

T4•P8'tH

Tl EDBJN L
TI EWAL l
Tl BCLRH

z IAI

T4 PB 3 H
T4 PB 2 H
T4 PB I H
T4 PB I H

't IAZ

T4 PC 3 H
T4 PC 2 H
T4 PC t H

b IA3
SIA"+
17 2A4
15 2A3
t l 2AZ

T 4 PC I H

1 I 2AI

ll.

IY2

18
lb

RZl

IYl
RI~

"' "'
"'
"'
Rib

RZ7

R28

T4 LOP L
T 4 L6 L
Tit Lf L
T 4 LE L
T4 LO L
T4 LC L
T 4 LB L
T4 LAL

T4 lolL8 L

E2l

2•

+ 5 v -'"-'~"'--'-'--=
Tc; 0(, 4 H

T'} 06 3 H
TS DG 2 H
TS DG I H

Di"'

tN'tl48
IN'tl40

D.,_,,.IN4148

IN41't6

T<> 06 Q H

IN4148

14 WHB L

Tl (\llHSL

E2l

2•

2 ~~
+5 v ----' :...'":;>.,,....:.•~

12 AD 3 H

+ ~v

T4 PC 5 H

TZ AO l.f H

rz AD'> H

TZ AO 6 H

TZ AO 7 H
TZ A09

T2 AO 11 H

T2AOl2H

T2 A013H

12 AO!l.f"'

TZ AO 15 H

BAI II H

HAI I

BAI 2 H

T3 AI 3 H

n AI If H

T3 At") H

Tl AI 7 H

T4 PB I H

RESET L
PB I H

T4 PB 2 H

T4 PS' H

T4 PB 4 H

T4 PB") H

T4 P9 b H

T4 PB 7 H

TZ HALT L

TZ PF' L

T4 DMR L

T4 INTB L

T4 RESET L

TZ PIH

Rl8
Rl•

T2AR0t7L

T4 IACK L

TZ Ol"IG L

TZSELIH

T 2 SEL

T4 WLB l

T4 WHB l

T4 PC 7 H

BAI 6 H

TZ ARD 3 L

T2AOlllH

T2AA02L

Rle

Tl EAES L

T2AD8 H

T4 I/EC L

T4 PC 't H

T4 PC t> H

12 AD I

TZ AD 2 H

Tl E01"16 H

•
6

T2 AO I H

TZ RAS L

""°
IK

+ ~v

""'

T 2 CAS L
T2 OBIN l

All

Tl EIACK L

T Z COUT H
T4 lACK L

T2 ROV L

NUMERIC DISPLAY

UPPER
LEFT
DlGET

E52

E50

T4 UAL
T4 UF L

C.2

('17

UPPER
RIGHT
DIG ET

T'iINT3L

<31

T'ilNTZL

• ll

Tc; DG 3 H
T'i DG 2 H
Tc; DG I H
re; DGll H

LOWER
LEFT
E51

E•9

E•l

T4 LAL
T4 LF L

E"I

... ."
,.
ElO

G II

T4 LOP L

T4 LB L

(

T4 LG L
T4 LC L

o•

T4 LD L

ANODE

~
I

15 06 5 H
T'i 06 ... H
TS 063 H
T'i OGZ H
T'i 06 I H
T'i 061 H

8251
Ell
TZ007 H
TZOac H
T2005 H
TZ DB 4 H
T2 DB 3 H
T2 082 H
T2081H
T2 0811 H
TZ PCI L
rt SAL I H
Tl EDBIN L
TI EWRL L
Tl TCLK2H
T!BCLRH
T'i POSR L
T'i PCTS L
T'i BRCLI< H

LOWER
RIGHT
DlGET

DIGET

TZ OB
TZ DB
TZ D8
TZ DB

THRU

re; INTF L

T4 UD L

T4 UE L

C•

t=•ll'+7UF

T4 ue L
T4 UG L
T4 UC L

T4 UDP L

+>v~~,---~~~~--,1

DH.
AUXILL6.Rr

CZ
I CllUF

15'

·~
T'i 06 It H

... ""

7'tl4'i

,.
"
'""" •

+12v

DTE
T') LJG I H

T'i 06 2 H

T4 PC I H

9
F7
F8 10

T4 PC 3 H

FQ 11

~T5DLSIL
Ell

Fb .]_

T4 PC 2 H

k"4

E58

T4 PC Cl H

CONSOLE

kl•
82

T'i POTA L
T'i 06 3 H

re; PRTS L

TS DLSO L
T') 06 't H

Rlb
271
DI
LED

T'i OG c; H

C5
HOPF

R•2

-12v

re; Peso L

T I
Ct.
HOPF

C7
HOPF

CB
lllPf

""'

IOI

APPENDIXC
ERROR MESSAGES
C.1 DIAGNOSTIC ERROR MESSAGES
The following flashing error messages are displayed if the DCTI !-EM fails its diagnostic tests. These are
fundamental errors and must be corrected before you attempt to do anything else.
UPPEA
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

MEANING

I I I I,I I I I I I·I·I I
II I j j II I I I
I I j I I I I·I·I I·I
I I I I I I IEI ·I·I I·I
E

2 J

, ,

I EI · I ·

I·

1 1

AAM cha::ksum test failed. Try
replacing RAM chips.

ROM checksum test failed. Try

replacing ROM chips.

RAM and ROM checksum tests failed.

Board may have major problems.

OLART feedback test failed.
Board may ha11e major problems.

C.2

KEYPAD ERROR MESSAGES
If the DCTI I-EM detects an error while you are using the keypad, it displays a flashing error message on
the upper and lower rows of LEDs. The upper row of LEDs displays a two-character error code and the
lower row of LEDs displays:

The entire error message disappears and the OCT 11-EM is returned to register mode when you press the
HALT switch or any key on the keypad.
The keypad error messages are as follows.
UPPER
DISPLAY

I I I I· I I I
b

LOWER
DISPLAY

MEANING
You tried to e;..:ecute a program with
a BPT instruction 1n it.

A break was detected on the console
terminal pan while the keypad was
active.

C-1

You tned to execute a program with
an invalid mstruction m it.

You tried to execute a program and
used an unacceptable value for the
SP. See chapter 5 for more information.

You tried to a!ter a protected location
in the keypad monitor scratch pad
(locations 7400 through 7776).

C.3 CONSOLE MESSAGES
The console displays 12 different messages (Table C-1). Most of these are error messages that indicate a
problem with your input or with the execution of your program. This paragraph explains each of the
messages and its probable causes.
Some of the error messages are preceded by the portion of your input that caused the error. If this is the
case, your erroneous input is displayed between backslashes on the line above the error message.

C-2

Table C-1

Console Messages

Message

Meaning

BRANCH OUT OF RANGE

You input a branch instruction which was too far from the branch destination. Recall that branch instructions have a range of -J28 to 127 (decimal)
words.

BREAK POINT
ENCOUNTERED

A breakpoint (Bl, 82, 83, or 84) or a BPT instruction was encountered
while your program was executing.

BUFFER OVERFLOW

The console monitor was accepting input from a host and a line exceeding 96
characters was received. As with all errors generated during host loading,
this error stops the OCT! 1-EM from loading further input from the host.

CONSOLE BREAK

The BREAK key on the console keyboard was pressed. If you are executing
a program, execution stops and the DCTJ 1-EM internal register values at
the time of the break are saved. If you arc in HOST, TALK, or LOAD
modes. CONSOLE BREAK causes a return to NOHOST mode.

INVALID INSTRUCTION
ENCOUNTERED
INVALID STACK POINTER

NOT IN USER RAM

An invalid op code was encountered while your program was running.

The stack pointer did not have a value between 4 and 6500 (inclusive) when
you started your program or when you single stepped.

You attempted to alter a location that was in the protected monitor
scratchpad area (locations 6500 through 7777, inclusive).

ODD ADDRESS

You attempted to access a full word in RAM on an odd address bounda~
Use the BYTE mode to examine or alter locations at odd addresses.

REPEAT OF ZERO

You input a REPEAT command that had a count of zero.

TABLE FULL

You attempted to define more than 66 symbols.

UNDEFINED EXPRESSION

You attempted to use an undefined parameter, operand, or other data object
when a defined expression was required. For example, you referenced an
undefined symbol while in PASS2 mode.

WHAT'?

You attempted to input a line that had a syntax error in it.

C-3

INDEX
A

ABSOLU command, 4-7, 4-29
Address decoding, 6-6
Address pointer, 4-6
Address space, 5-13
standard RAM space, 5-15
expansion RAM space, 5-15
monitor space, 5-15
1/0 space, 5-15
for external hardware, 5-16
reserved, 5-16
Altering memory
with console, 4-1 0
with keypad, 3-10, 3-32
Altering registers
with console, 4-5
with keypad, 3-4, 3-32
.ASCII command, 4-21, 4-29
B

.BLKB command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKW command, 4-21, 4-29
Breakpoints canceling
with console, 4-20
canceling with keypad, 3-27, 3-32
displaying with console, 4-20
displaying with keypad, 3-20, 3-32
setting with console, 4-19
setting with keypad, 3-20, 3-32
Buffers, 6-5
.BYTE command, 4-21, 4-30
BYTE command, 4-7, 4-30

c
Cancel breakpoints, 3-27, 3-32
CANCEL command, 4-16, 4-20, 4-30
CLEAR command, 4-14, 4-30
Connectors, 6-8
60-pin (JI), 6-8 through 6-9
auxiliary serial (13), 6-10
console serial (14), 6-11
power supply (J2), 6-10
Console
altering memory with, 4-10
altering registers with, 4-5
command summary, 4-29

connecting a, 4-1
control commands, 4-3
default modes, 4-2, 4-21
entering programs with, 4-12
examining registers with, 4-5
examining memory with, 4-7
host loading with, 4-22
input rules, 4-2
monitor, 1-1, 3-28, 5-1, 5-15
output formatting modes, 4-6
single stepping with, 4-17
transferring control to and from, 4-2
using breakpoints with, 4-19
using watchpoint with, 4-16
Console commands
ABSOLU command, 4-7, 4-29
.ASCII command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKB command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKW command, 4-21, 4-29
.BYTE command, 4-21, 4-30
BYTE command, 4-7, 4-30
CANCEL command, 4-16, 4-30
CLEAR command, 4-14, 4-30
DELETE command, 4-14, 4-30
.END command, 4-26, 4-30
.EVEN command, 4-21, 4-30
EXIT command, 4-2, 4-30
GO command, 4-16, 4-30
HELP command, 4-21, 4-30
HOST command, 4-23, 4-30
INSTRU command, 4-7, 4-30
LOAD command, 4-24, 4-30
NOHOST command, 4-23, 4-30
PASSI command, 4-25, 4-30
PASS2 command, 4-25, 4-30
REPEAT command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWMO command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWRE command, 4-5, 4-31
SHOWSY command, 4-14, 4-31
.START command, 4-25, 4-31
STEP command, 4-17, 4-31
SYMBOL command, 4-7, 4-31
TALK command, 4-23, 4-38
VTOFF command, 4-3, 4-31
VTON command, 4-3, 4-31
.WORD command, 4-21, 4-31
CTRL/ A, 4-3, 4-24, 4-25, 4-32
CTRL/C, 4-3, 4-32
INDEX-I

CTRL/0, 4-3, 4-24, 4-32
CTRL/Q, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/R, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/S, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/U, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/X, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/Y, 4-3, 4-32

INT switch, 3-25, 6-7
INSTRU command, 4-7, 4-30
Instruction format, 4-11
Interrupts, 5-5, 6-6

J
D

Jumpering, 2-4, 6-4
Default operating modes, 2-3, 4-2, 4-21
OCT! I-AA microprocessor, 1-1, 6-3
DELETE command, 4-14, 4-30
Directives, 4-20
Debugging, see Breakpoints,
Single stepping, Watchpoints
E
.END command, 4-36, 4-30
EPROM, 6-4
.EVEN command, 4-21, 4-30
EXIT command, 4-2, 4-30
Error Messages
console, C-2
diagnostic, 2-4, C-l
keypad, C-1
Examining memory
with console, 4-7
with keypad, 3-7
Examining registers
with console, 4-6
with keypad, 3-2
Expressions, 4-3

K
Keypad
altering registers with, 3-4
altering memory locations with, 3-10
command summary, 3-32
entering programs with, 3-12, 3-16
examining registers with, 3-2
examining memory locations with, 3-7
monitor, 1-1, 2-3, 5-1, 5-15
number system, 3-2
single stepping with, 3-17
special functions, 3-26
cancel breakpoints, 3-27, 3-32
go with LEDs, 3-27, 3-32
release protection, 3-30, 3-32
set baud rates, 3-28, 3-32
start console, 3-34, 3-32
using breakpoints with, 3-19
using watchpoint with, 3-22
L

LOAD command, 4-24, 4-30

GO command, 4-16, 4-30
Go with LEDs, 3-27, 3-32
H

Host Loading
configuration, 4-22
example of process, 4-28
preparing a loadable program, 4-25
the HOST command, 4-23
the TALK command, 4-23
HELP command, 4-21, 4-30
HALT switch, 3-24, 6-7
HOST command, 4-25, 4-30

M
MACRO-It, 4-20
Memory expansion module, 6-11
Monitor, 1-1, 2-3, 3-8, 3-28, 3-30, 4-2, 5-1,
5-15,6-4
Monitor subroutines,
console, 5-8 through 5-13
ASCOUT, 5-9
CHR02, 5-9
CHROUT, 5-9
CRLF, 5-9
GETCH, 5-9
GETCHC, 5-9
GETLIN, 5-8
GETNXT, 5-9

INDEX-2

PRINTA, 5-9
TYPDEC, 5-9
TYPOCT, 5-9
using, 5-10
keypad/LED, 5-2 through 5-8
BCDKEY, 5-3
DECDSP, 5-3
DGDISP, 5-2
GETKEY, 5-3
GETNUM, 5-4
LOBLNK, 5-3
LODISP, 5-3
UPBLNK, 5-3
UPDISP, 5-3
using, 5-4
N

STEP command, 4-1 7, 4-31
Subroutines, see Monitor subroutines
SYMBOL command, 4-7, 4-31
Symbols
defining, 4-14
deleting, 4- I 4
displaying, 4-14
symbol name rules, 4-13
Symbol table
deleting, 4- I 4
displaying, 4-14
System specifications, 1-1
T
TALK command, 4-23, 4-31
Timing, 6-7
Traps, 6-6

NOHOST command, 4-23, 4-30

p
User LED, 3-25, 5-5
PASS 1 command, 4-25, 4-30
PASS2 command, 4-25, 4-30
Peripheral chips, 6-4
address decoding, 6-6
auxiliary serial line (825 IA), 6-5
DLART console serial line, 6-5
parallel port (8255A), 6-4
reserved locations for, 5-15, 6-4
Processor status word, 3-2
Power supply
cable, 2-1
connector, 2-2, 6-8, 6-10
requirements, 2-1

v
VTOFF command, 4-3, 4-31
VTON command, 4-3, 4-31

w
Watchpoints
canceling with console, 4-16
canceling with keypad, 3-27
displaying with console, 4-16
displaying with keypad, 3-20, 3-22
setting with console, 4-16
setting with keypad, 3-22
.WORD command, 4-21, 4-31

RAM, 6-5
Release protection, 3-30, 3-32
REPEAT command, 4-21, 4-31

s
Set baud rates, 3-28, 3-32
SHOWMO command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWRE command, 4-5, 4-31
SHOWSY command, 4-14, 4-31
Single stepping
with console, 4-1 7
with keypad, 3-17
Stack pointer, 2-3, 3-2, 5-2
.START command, 4-25, 4-31
Start console, 3-28, 3-32

INDEX-3