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EK-421AA-OG-001

August 1990

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Document:	DECsystem 5100 Operators Guide
Order Number:	EK-421AA-OG
Revision:	001
Pages:	83
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OCR Text

DECsystem 5100
Operator’s Guide
EK-421AA-OG.001

August 1990
This guide describes how to use and troubleshoot your DECsystem 5100 hardware.

Revision/Update Information:

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

This is a new guide.

August 1990
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used
or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is
not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1990.
All Rights Reserved.
Printed in Ireland.
The postpaid Reader’s Comments forms at the end of this document request your
critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC
DEC/CMS
DEC/MMS
DECnet
DECsystem–10
DECSYSTEM–20
DECUS
DECwriter

DIBOL
EduSystem
IAS
MASSBUS
PDP
PDT
RSTS
RSX

UNIBUS
VAX
VAXcluster
VMS
VT

UNIX is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

This equipment generates, uses, and may emit radio frequency energy. The equipment
has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing
device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such radio frequency interference. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area may cause interference in which case the user at his
own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct
the interference.

This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version 1.2.

Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii

1 DECsystem 5100 Hardware
1.1
1.1.1

The System Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Connectors, Controls, and Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . .

1–1
1–2

2 Using the DECsystem 5100
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.7
2.7.1

Turning on Your DECsystem 5100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the DECsystem 5100 Security Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Putting Your DECsystem 5100 in Unprivileged Console
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Putting Your DECsystem 5100 in Privileged Console Mode . . .
Exiting Privileged Console Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clearing the Security Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Configuration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RZ23 and RZ24 Hard Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Booting the DECsystem 5100 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsuccessful DECsystem 5100 Software Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The TZ30 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ30 Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting and Using a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing a Tape Cartridge from the Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If You Have Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RX23 Diskette Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–1
2–4
2–5
2–6
2–6
2–7
2–7
2–8
2–9
2–10
2–10
2–11
2–11
2–12
2–14
2–16
2–17
2–19
2–20

iii

2.7.2
2.7.3
2.8
2.9

Inserting a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shutting Down the DECsystem 5100 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turning Off Your DECsystem 5100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–20
2–21
2–22
2–22

3 Hardware Options
3.1
3.1.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.3
3.3.1
3.4
3.4.1
3.5
3.5.1
3.6
3.6.1

Adding Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Memory Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding the DHT80 Asynchronous Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing the DHT80 Asynchronous Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing a Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3–1
3–1
3–1
3–2
3–2
3–2
3–2
3–3
3–3
3–3
3–3
3–4

4 Troubleshooting
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.3
4.4

Using the Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsuccessful Power-Up Self-Test Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If a Test Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solving Hardware Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contacting Your Digital Customer Service Representative . . . . . . .

4–1
4–4
4–5
4–5
4–9

A Console Commands
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
A.7
A.8
A.9
A.10
A.11
A.12
A.13

Boot Command (boot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration Command (conf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continue Command (continue) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposit Command (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disable Command (disable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dump Command (dump) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examine Command (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enable Command (enable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fill Command (fill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Go Command (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Help Command (help) (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Init Command (init) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password Command (passwd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A–1
A–2
A–5
A–5
A–6
A–6
A–7
A–8
A–8
A–9
A–9
A–10
A–10

A.14
A.15
A.16
A.17
A.18

Print Environment Command (printenv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Environment Command (setenv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI Command (scsi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test Command (test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unset Environment Command (unsetenv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A–11
A–14
A–14
A–15
A–16

B Removable Storage Media
B.1
Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.1.1
Labeling a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.1.2
Writing to and Protecting Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.1.2.1
Write-Protecting a Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.1.2.2
Writing to a Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.1.3
Handling and Storing Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.2
Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.2.1
Writing to and Protecting Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.2.1.1
Write-Protecting a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.2.1.2
Writing to a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–1
B–3
B–4
B–4
B–5
B–5
B–6
B–6
B–6
B–7

Glossary
Index
Examples
A–1
A–2
A–3
A–4
A–5
A–6
A–7
A–8
A–9

Brief System Configuration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full System Configuration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memory Configuration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI Device Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Information Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The dump -I Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Console Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environment Variable Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A–3
A–3
A–4
A–4
A–5
A–7
A–10
A–12
A–15

Figures
1–1
1–2
2–1
2–2
2–3
2–4
2–5
2–6
2–7
2–8
2–9
4–1
B–1
B–2
B–3
B–4

The DECsystem 5100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ports and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The DECsystem 5100 On/Off Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing the TZ30 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ30 Tape Drive Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspecting the Tape Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing the RX23 Diskette Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halt/Reset Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The CompacTape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labeling a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Write-Protecting a Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Write-Protecting a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–1
1–2
2–2
2–12
2–13
2–16
2–17
2–19
2–20
2–21
2–21
4–2
B–2
B–3
B–5
B–7

Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Connectors, Controls, and Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memory Size Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ30 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ30 Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shutdown Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printers for Your DECsystem 5100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modems for Your DECsystem 5100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memory Size Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Default Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noninitialized Cartridge Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Initialized Cartridge Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii
1–3
2–3
2–9
2–13
2–14
2–22
3–2
3–3
4–3
4–6
A–12
B–2
B–2

Tables
1
1–1
2–1
2–2
2–3
2–4
2–5
3–1
3–2
4–1
4–2
A–1
B–1
B–2

Preface

Purpose of This Guide
This guide describes how to use and troubleshoot your DECsystem 5100. It
also includes information about the optional equipment that you can connect to
your system.

Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is for people who have little or no previous experience with
computers. The new owner of a DECsystem 5100 should use this guide to
operate the system.

Structure of This Guide
This guide contains four chapters, two appendixes, and a glossary of technical
terms.
Chapter 1 describes the basic DECsystem 5100 hardware.
Chapter 2 describes how to use your DECsystem 5100, how to use console
commands, and how to use the optional removable-media storage devices
located in your system unit.
Chapter 3 describes the hardware options available for your DECsystem
5100 and indicates where to find information on installing them.
Chapter 4 describes the tests and procedures that you can use to diagnose
and solve hardware problems.

vii

The appendixes provide additional information on the following topics:
Console commands
Removable storage media
The glossary explains technical terms used in this guide.

For More Information
See Appendix B in the DECsystem 5100 Installation Guide for a list of
associated documents to help you to learn about your new system.

Conventions
Table 1 lists the conventions used in this guide.
Table 1
Convention

viii

Conventions
Description

MONOSPACE

Text displayed on the screen is shown in monospace type.

[]

In command syntax descriptions, brackets [ ] indicate optional
elements.

In command syntax descriptions, a vertical line separates similar
options, one of which you can choose.

bold

User input is shown in bold type.

italic type

Italic type emphasizes important information, indicates variables,
and references titles of other manuals.

Note

A note contains information of special importance to the reader.

Caution

A caution contains information to prevent damage to the equipment.

Warning

A warning contains information to prevent personal injury.

1
DECsystem 5100 Hardware
This chapter describes the parts of the DECsystem 5100.

1.1 The System Unit
The system unit is designed to sit flat on a desk or table. You can place the
console terminal on top of the system unit or next to it. Figure 1–1 shows the
DECsystem 5100.
Figure 1–1

The DECsystem 5100

MLO-002941

Caution Do not block the air vents on either side of the system unit. Blocking these air
vents can cause the system to overheat.

DECsystem 5100 Hardware 1–1

1.1.1 System Connectors, Controls, and Indicator Lights
Figure 1–2 shows the connectors, controls, and indicator lights on the back of
the system unit. Table 1–1 describes the function of each.
Figure 1–2

Ports and Connectors

On/Off Switch
System AC Power
SCSI Port
Second Modem Port (Optional)
MMJ Ports 8 to 10 (Optional)
MMJ Ports 4 to 7 (Optional)
Standard Ethernet
Connector
Standard Ethernet Light
Network Select Button
ThinWire Ethernet Light
ThinWire Ethernet
Connector
Halt/Reset Button
1
MMJ Port
2
3

MMJ Port
MMJ Port
Modem Port

Diagnostic LEDs
RE_EN05154A_90

1–2 DECsystem 5100 Hardware

Table 1–1

System Connectors, Controls, and Indicator Lights

Item

Function

On/off switch

Turns the system unit on and off. To turn the system on, set
the on/off switch to the on ( | ) position. To turn the system
off, set the on/off switch to the off (O) position.

System AC power

The connector at which power from the power source
reaches the system unit.

SCSI port

The connector at which external small computer system
interface (SCSI) storage devices connect to the system unit.

Modem port (optional)

The connector at which a modem, terminal, printer, or other
devices using RS232 connectors are connected to the system
unit.

MMJ ports 4 to 10
(optional)

The connectors at which terminals, printers, and other
devices using DEC423 connectors are connected to the
system unit.

Standard Ethernet
connector

The connector at which standard Ethernet connects to the
system unit.

Standard Ethernet light

The standard Ethernet light glows green on a DECsystem
5100 selected for standard Ethernet.

Network select button

The network select button selects between ThinWire or
standard Ethernet connection.
The DECsystem 5100 uses standard Ethernet when the
the network select button is in the out position. It uses
ThinWire Ethernet when the network select button is in the
in position.

ThinWire Ethernet
connector

The connector at which ThinWire Ethernet connects to the
system unit.

ThinWire Ethernet light

The ThinWire Ethernet light glows green on a DECsystem
5100 selected for ThinWire Ethernet.
(continued on next page)

DECsystem 5100 Hardware 1–3

Table 1–1 (Cont.)

System Connectors, Controls, and Indicator Lights

Item

Function

Halt/reset button

The halt/reset button has two functions. When you are
in console mode, pressing this button resets the system
and causes the power-up self-tests to run. If you enter the
following command before booting the system, pressing this
button in program mode causes the operating system to
halt, and you are returned to console mode:

>> setenv bootmode h
You can return to the operating system by entering the
following command at the console prompt:

>> continue
On an unprivileged system with the security password set,
you must enter privileged mode before you use the continue
command. Section 2.2 contains more information on secure
DECsystem 5100s.
If you do not enter the setenv bootmode h command, and
if you are in the ULTRIX operating system, you reset the
system when you press the halt/reset button. You cannot
return to the operating system by entering the continue
command when you reset the system.
MMJ ports 1 to 3

The connectors at which the console terminal, terminal, and
printer are connected to the system unit.

Modem port

The connector at which a modem is connected to the system
unit.

Diagnostic Light
Emitting Diodes(LEDs)

The diagnostic LEDs (status LED display) indicate
diagnostic failures.

1–4 DECsystem 5100 Hardware

2
Using the DECsystem 5100

This chapter describes how to use your DECsystem 5100 and includes
information on the following topics:
Turning your system on and off
Using your system’s security feature
Using and interpreting the configuration display
Booting and shutting down your operating system
Using internal devices

2.1 Turning on Your DECsystem 5100
The DECsystem 5100 on/off switch is at the back of the system unit.
Figure 2–1 shows the location of the on/off switch.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–1

Figure 2–1

The DECsystem 5100 On/Off Switch

On/Off Switch

RE_EN05205A_90

Note The power-up tests are not displayed on the console terminal if you enter the
following command at the console prompt:
>> setenv bootmode d

When you turn on your system, it displays the console banner immediately.
Turn on your system by setting the on/off switch to the on ( | ) position. The
system executes its power-up tests, causing a display on the console terminal
similar to the following:
26..25..24..23..22..21..20..19..18..17..16..15..14..14..14..
13..12..11..10..9..8..7..6..5..4..3..
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-55-55-55
0x1000000
>>

2–2 Using the DECsystem 5100

Console Banner
If the power-up self-test completes successfully, the system displays the console
banner and prompt. The console banner is as follows:
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-55-55-55
0x1000000
>>

1
2
3
4

The significance of each line in the console banner is as follows:
1

CPU name and the firmware version

Ethernet address

Internal memory size in hexadecimal format
Table 4–1 is a conversion table that translates hexadecimal memory sizes
into decimal memory sizes.

Table 2–1

Memory Size Indication

Memory Size

Hexadecimal Value

8MB

0x800000

16MB

0x1000000

24MB

0x1800000

32MB

0x2000000

40MB

0x2800000

48MB

0x3000000

56MB

0x3800000

64MB

0x4000000

72MB

0x4800000

80MB

0x5000000

96MB

0x6000000

104MB

0x6800000

128MB

0x8000000

Console prompt

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–3

Unusable Memory Console Banner
When the power-up diagnostics find unusable memory, the console banner
message contains an information message showing the amount of unusable
memory. The system console banner looks similar to the following:
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-55-55-55
0x1000000
bad mem: 0x1400
>>
1

The size of the unusable memory, in hexadecimal format, found by the
power-up diagnostics

You may still be able to use your system when you see a console banner of this
type, depending on how much of the memory is unusable.
Chapter 4 outlines the actions you must perform if the system does not display
the power-up tests, or if it displays lines similar to the following during the
power-up self-test sequence:
?1f 03 ff 0001
P1= 00000000 P2= 00000000 P3= 00000000 P4= 00000000 P5= 00000000
P6= 00000000 P7= 00000000 P8= 00000000 P9= 00000000 P10=00000000
gp= 17bcbcfc sp= a000f7b0 fp=bfc00480 sr= 00000000
epc=bfc20a70 badvaddr=00060000 cause=3000000

2.2 Using the DECsystem 5100 Security Feature
The DECsystem 5100 has a security feature that you can use to prevent
unauthorized users from entering console commands that could damage the
system. The security feature allows you to use the system in one of three
different modes. These modes are as follows:
Console mode
When you use your system for the first time, the system is in console mode.
The DECsystem 5100 accepts all console commands from all the users.
The console prompt in console mode is displayed as follows:
>>

Unprivileged console mode
After you set a security password, the system is in unprivileged console
mode. The DECsystem 5100 accepts only commands that cannot damage
the system. You can use only the following commands without arguments
or options:

2–4 Using the DECsystem 5100

S> passwd

or
S> boot

The console prompt in unprivileged console mode is displayed as follows:
S>

Privileged console mode
Users who know the security password can use the system in privileged
console mode after entering that password. In privileged console mode, the
DECsystem 5100 accepts all the console commands.
The console prompt in privileged console mode is displayed as follows:
>>

2.2.1 Putting Your DECsystem 5100 in Unprivileged Console
Mode
The following procedure describes how to set the security password, putting
your system in unprivileged console mode:
1

Enter the following command to set the security password:
>> passwd -s
New Password:
Retype new password:

Enter a password between 8 and 32 characters long and press Return. The
system does not display the password as you enter it.
The system then prompts you to verify the password that you entered.

Enter the password again and press Return. As before, the system does
not display the password as you enter it.
Your password is now set and the console prompt changes to the
unprivileged mode console prompt, as follows:
S>

This prompt indicates that your system is in unprivileged console mode.
Note Do not forget your password. If you do forget your password, contact your
Digital Customer Service representative.
When your system is in unprivileged console mode, you can use only three
console commands:
The boot command, without arguments

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–5

The passwd command, without arguments
The help (?) command

2.2.2 Putting Your DECsystem 5100 in Privileged Console Mode
You can put the DECsystem 5100 in privileged console mode only if you
know the password. In privileged console mode, you can use all the console
commands supported by the DECsystem 5100. Appendix A contains a
description of all the console commands.
The following procedure describes how to put the DECsystem 5100 in
privileged console mode:
1

Enter the following command at the unprivileged console mode console
prompt:
S> passwd
Password:

Enter the password at the prompt and press Return. The system does not
display the password as you enter it.
If the password is correct, the system responds with a display similar to
the following:
Password accepted
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-87-65-43
0x80000
>>

You are now in privileged mode and can enter all the console commands.

2.2.3 Exiting Privileged Console Mode
To return your system to unprivileged console mode, enter the following
command:
>> passwd -u

The system returns to unprivileged console mode, responding with a display
similar to the following:
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-87-65-43
0x80000
S>

2–6 Using the DECsystem 5100

2.2.4 Clearing the Security Password
The following procedure describes how to clear the security password:
1

Enter the following command at the unprivileged console mode prompt:
S> passwd

Enter the current security password at the prompt and press Return. The
system does not display the password as you enter it.
If the password is correct, the system changes the unprivileged mode
console prompt to the privileged mode console prompt:
>>

Enter the following command at the console prompt to clear the security
password:
>> passwd -c

The DECsystem 5100 is now in console mode.

2.3 Using the Configuration Display
The configuration display contains useful information about your system.
Enter the following command at the console prompt (>>) and press Return to
view the configuration display:
>> conf -f

Your DECsystem 5100 responds with a display similar to the following:
1
hardware: revision 1
firmware: revision 1
cpu: revision 2.32
fpu: revision 3.32
2
security switch: secure mode
password: clear
3
eeprom: valid
4
ethernet hardware address: 08-00-2b-12-7f-58
5
option board: Asynch Comm, 8 ports
6
memory: total size 16MBs
bank0
4MB SIMMs size 8MBs
0 bad pages
bank1
4MB SIMMs size 8MBs
0 bad pages
7
scsi peripherals
unit type
product
removable/fixed
0 disk
RZ56
(C) DEC
fixed
3 tape
TZK50
removable
5 tape
TZ30
removable
7 host adapter

capacity
634 MBs

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–7

>>
1

Four lines, starting with this line, indicate the revision levels of the
hardware, firmware, central processing unit (cpu), and the floating point
unit (fpu).

Two lines, starting with this line, indicate the security condition of the
DECsystem 5100.

This line indicates the condition of the EEPROM.

This line indicates the Ethernet address of your DECsystem 5100.

This line indicates whether an option board is installed. In this example,
the DHT80 asynchronous module is installed.

Three lines, starting with this line, indicate the amount of internal memory
in the system. This line indicates the total size of memory in megabytes
(MB). The lines indicate the following:
The number of an occupied bank
The type of the MS44 memory module in that bank
The amount of memory in that bank
The number of bad pages found in the memory in that bank
There are four banks available for memory, in this example, only two are
occupied.

This line and the lines following it, give information on the SCSI devices
in, or connected to your system. The information provided by the conf -f
command includes the following:
The unit number (SCSI ID)
The type of device
The product name
The type of media the device uses, removable or fixed
The capacity of the fixed media

2.4 Using Console Commands
By entering commands at the console prompt (>>), you can learn important
information about your DECsystem 5100 hardware.
Many of the console commands are used for diagnostics and debugging by your
Digital Customer Service representatives. However, Table 2–2 describes some
commands that you may find useful.

2–8 Using the DECsystem 5100

Table 2–2

Useful Console Commands

Command

Action

help (?)

Displays the list of console commands and tells you how to enter them.

init

Performs a full initialization of your system. Initialization prepares the
system for startup.

printenv

Displays the environment variables. This display contains a list of
variables, such as the baud rate for your communications devices, and
gives you the current value for each variable.

test 0x0

Runs the DECsystem 5100 hardware self-test.

conf

Displays the current configuration of your system.

Appendix A contains a more comprehensive list of console commands.

2.4.1 The RZ23 and RZ24 Hard Disk Drives
A hard disk stores information on a nonremovable disk. The RZ23 disk drive
has a storage capacity of 104MB, and the RZ24 disk drive has a storage
capacity of 209MB.
RZ23 and RZ24 disks are mounted internally in the system unit. Your
DECsystem 5100 can accommodate a maximum of five disk drives, depending
on your system configuration. You can only add other disks if there is space
available. To determine the number of disks in your system, enter the following
command at the console prompt (>>), then press Return:
>> conf -f

The configuration display contains information about the following:
The memory contained in your DECsystem 5100.
The Ethernet station address of your system. (You must know this address
to be able to connect your DECsystem 5100 to a network.)
The storage devices connected to your system and their assigned unit
numbers.
Section 2.3 contains more information on the configuration display.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–9

2.5 Booting the DECsystem 5100 Software
Boot the DECsystem 5100 software as follows:
Enter the following command if you are booting the DECsystem 5100 to
single-user mode (only the root partition is mounted), or if you are an
unprivileged user using a system in privileged console mode:
S> boot

The DECsystem 5100 uses the bootpath environment variable stored in
nonvolatile memory.
You can enter the boot command in privileged console mode (at the >>
prompt) if the bootpath is set. Enter the following command to set the
bootpath:
>> setenv bootpath rz(0,0,0)vmunix

This command tells the system to boot from an RZ disk at SCSI ID 0.
Enter the following command if you want to boot the DECsystem 5100 to
single-user mode:
>> boot -s

The DECsystem 5100 always boots to multiuser mode unless you specify
that it boots to single-user mode.
Booting a standalone DECsystem 5100 from disk takes approximately
three minutes.
Enter the following command to boot the system, using an alternative
bootpath:
>> boot -f rz(0,0,0)vmunix

If the system autoboots, it boots using the default bootpath, stored in the
bootpath environment variable.

2.5.1 Unsuccessful DECsystem 5100 Software Boot
If the DECsystem 5100 does not boot successfully, follow these steps:
1

Enter the printenv command to display the environment variables table.
Check the bootmode and bootpath variables.

Enter the setenv command to set the bootpath variable to boot the
operating system from the hard disk or the network.

Use the boot command to boot the operating system.

2–10 Using the DECsystem 5100

If you still cannot boot the operating system, contact your system manager.

2.6 The TZ30 Tape Drive
The TZ30 is a cartridge tape drive that can store up to 95MB (or characters)
on each CompacTape or CompacTape II cartridge.
The TZ30 can read or write data from a tape that was written by a TK50. The
TZ30, however, cannot read or write data from a tape that has been written by
a TK70.
Use the TZ30 primarily to back up storage devices, and to load software onto
your system. For example, the ULTRIX operating system may be loaded from
the TZ30. The tape-distributed version of ULTRIX is on a TK50-formatted
tape.
To access the TZ30 tape drive (if installed), position the system unit so that the
front of it is facing you. Open the cover by pushing it and then releasing it (see
Figure 2–2). Use the same procedure to close the cover when you have finished
using the TZ30.

2.6.1 Tape Cartridges
The TZ30 uses a tape cartridge (labeled CompacTape or CompacTape II) that
contains the magnetic tape on a single reel. You must understand the single
reel concept, because it affects the use of the TZ30.
When you insert the tape cartridge into the drive and load it, the tape
is automatically threaded onto a take-up reel inside the drive. A tape,
wound fully onto the take-up reel, takes approximately 100 seconds to rewind
completely.
Note The tape must fully rewind before you can remove the tape cartridge from the
tape drive.
Appendix B contains information on the handling and storage of CompacTape
and CompacTape II cartridges.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–11

Figure 2–2

Accessing the TZ30 Tape Drive

TZ30
Tape Drive

MLO-002744

2.6.2 TZ30 Controls and Indicators
The TZ30 tape drive has two controls, an unload button and a cartridge lever.
Table 2–3 explains the functions of the controls. The TZ30 tape drive also has
four indicators, three LEDs and a beeper. Table 2–4 explains the functions of
the indicators. Figure 2–3 shows the location of the controls and indicators on
the TZ30 tape drive.

2–12 Using the DECsystem 5100

Figure 2–3

TZ30 Tape Drive Controls and Indicators

95
29 MB
6M
B

Lever

Write-Protect Light
Tape in Use Light
Operate Lever Light
Unload Button

MLO-002745

Table 2–3

TZ30 Controls

Control

Function

Unload Button

The unload button rewinds and disengages the tape from the takeup reel inside the TZ30. The tape must be completely rewound and
unloaded back into the tape cartridge before you can remove the tape
cartridge from the drive.

Cartridge Lever1

Use the cartridge lever to lock or unlock a tape cartridge. To insert
a tape cartridge, the cartridge lever must be in the unlock position.
Once you insert a tape cartridge and the green LED is on, move the
cartridge lever to the lock position. To eject the tape cartridge from
the drive, (only when the green LED is on or blinking, and after the
momentary beeper sounds), move the cartridge lever to the unlock
position.

When using the cartridge lever, be sure you position it completely in the lock or unlock position before
beginning the next operation.

Using the DECsystem 5100 2–13

Table 2–4

TZ30 Indicators

Indicator

State

Condition

Green LED - Lever

Safe to operate the cartridge lever

Off

Do not operate the cartridge lever

Blinking

The drive has detected a tape cartridge
or calibration error

Blinking1

Tape in use2

Tape loaded and ready for use

Yellow LED - Tape in Use
Orange LED - Write Protected

Tape is write protected

Off

Tape is write enabled

All three LEDs

The power-up diagnostic is in progress3

All three LEDs

Blinking

Drive fault

Two beeps

Indicate that the tape is unloaded and
you can remove it from the drive

Beeper

Intermittent fast blinking indicates that a write is in progress. Continuous fast blinking indicates that a read
is in progress. Medium blinking indicates calibration. Slow blinking indicates that the tape is initializing,
loading, unloading or rewinding.
2
LED blinks slowly for 10 seconds indicating drive initialization. This occurs only on power-up after the
power-up diagnostic has run.
3

All three LEDs light for a few seconds as the power-up diagnostic is running. If all three LEDs remain on,
the power-up diagnostic has failed.
4

The drive beeps once when it is powered-up. If a tape cartridge is not locked in the drive, it beeps twice after
self-test diagnostics and drive initialization are completed. If a tape cartridge is locked into the drive before
power-down, then when the system powers up, the drive beeps once and attempts to load the tape cartridge.

2.6.3 Inserting and Using a Tape Cartridge
To insert a tape cartridge, perform the following steps:
1

Be sure that the cartridge lever is in the unlock position.

Insert the tape cartridge.
If you insert the tape cartridge more than halfway into the drive, you
must complete this procedure. If you want to use another tape cartridge,
complete this procedure and perform the unload procedure to remove the
tape cartridge.

2–14 Using the DECsystem 5100

If you cannot insert the tape cartridge into the TZ30, move the cartridge
lever to the lock position. Then move the cartridge lever to the unlock
position and reinsert the tape cartridge. Do not push the tape cartridge
into the TZ30 while moving the cartridge lever between the lock and unlock
positions. If you do so, the TZ30 interprets this as an insertion of the tape
cartridge.
3

The green LED lights.

Move the cartridge lever to the lock position to lock the tape cartridge in
the drive. The green LED turns off and the yellow LED begins to blink,
indicating that the tape is loading. When you load the tape and it is ready
for use, the yellow LED remains on steadily. Whenever the yellow LED is
on steadily and the green LED remains off, the tape is ready to use.

If the write-protect switch on the tape cartridge is set to the protected position,
the orange write-protect LED is on and you cannot write data to the tape.
If you set the write-protect switch to the write-enable position during operation,
the system software does not recognize that the tape is no longer writeprotected. You must reload the tape cartridge again before the system software
recognizes the tape cartridge as write-enabled.
Similarly, if you set the write-protect switch from the write-enabled position to
the write-protected position during operation, the tape is not write-protected
until the operating system dismounts and remounts the tape.
When the yellow LED is on steadily, you can continue your operation. For
example, you can boot your operating system, or back up files onto the TZ30.
When the tape drive is reading, writing, or rewinding a tape cartridge, the
yellow LED blinks rapidly.
If errors occur during an operation, all three LEDs blink. The green LED
blinks if you insert a faulty tape cartridge. Section 2.6.5 outlines the steps you
must take if this occurs.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–15

Figure 2–4

Inserting a Tape Cartridge

Lever

95
29 MB
6M
B

MLO-002746

2.6.4 Removing a Tape Cartridge from the Drive
To remove a tape cartridge, perform the following steps:
1

Press the unload button (see Figure 2–3) or enter the appropriate system
software command. The yellow LED blinks as the tape rewinds. Once the
tape has rewound completely, the beeper sounds twice and the green LED
lights.

Move the cartridge lever to the unlock position.

The tape cartridge ejects and you can remove it from the tape drive.

Caution Remove tape cartridges from the drive before turning off the drive’s power.
Failure to do this can result in damage to the tape cartridge and the tape drive.

2–16 Using the DECsystem 5100

Figure 2–5

Removing a Tape Cartridge

95
29 MB
6M
B

MLO-002747

2.6.5 If You Have Problems
If the TZ30 tape drive fails, read the following information. It may help you to
solve the problem.
Recoverable Errors During Tape Motion
If a drive error occurs during an operation, you may be able to clear the fault,
reset the drive, rewind, unload, and remove the tape cartridge. Try another
tape cartridge to determine if the TZ30, or the tape cartridge is at fault.
Clearing a Recoverable Error
If all three LEDs are blinking (indicating that an error has occurred), press
the unload button. If the detected error is recoverable, the tape begins to
rewind. While the tape is rewinding, the yellow LED blinks. When the tape
has unloaded, the drive beeps twice and the green LED lights. You can then
move the cartridge lever to the unlock position to eject the tape cartridge.
Nonrecoverable Errors During Tape Motion
If the tape does not rewind when you press the unload button and the LEDs
continue to blink, the error is not recoverable. Contact your authorized Digital
Customer Service representative.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–17

Errors During Tape Cartridge Insertion
When the tape cartridge is damaged, or if internal portions of the drive that
handle the tape cartridge are not working, a tape cartridge fault occurs. If the
green LED blinks and the tape does not move (the yellow LED does not blink),
the TZ30 has detected a tape cartridge fault. Remove the tape cartridge and
try another.
Tape Cartridge Incompatibility
If you cannot read to or write from a tape cartridge, your tape cartridge may
be incompatible with the TZ30. The green LED may also blink indicating that
the TZ30 detected a tape cartridge error.
Testing
If you obtained diagnostics from Digital or your authorized Digital representative, follow the instructions you received with your diagnostic tape or diskette.
These diagnostics help you to detect any problems with the TZ30, or other
device on your system.
Inspecting the Tape Cartridge
If you have problems loading a tape cartridge, inspect the tape leader.
Figure 2–6 shows the correct position of the tape leader inside the tape
cartridge. Before you try to use the tape cartridge, be sure the tape leader
is in the correct position (see Figure 2–6). Lift the catch with your thumb and
open the small door to expose the leader.
Caution Do not touch exposed portions of magnetic tape. If the tape leader is not in the
correct position, do not attempt to fix it. Use a new tape cartridge instead.

2–18 Using the DECsystem 5100

Figure 2–6

Inspecting the Tape Leader

Door Lock
(Release by Lifting
Door Lock With Thumb)

MLO-002748

2.7 The RX23 Diskette Drive
Your system can include one or two RX23 diskette drives. These devices enable
you to read information from, and write information to 3.5 inch removable
diskettes.
To access the RX23 diskette drive, position the system unit so that the front
of it is facing you. Open the cover by pushing it in and then releasing it (see
Figure 2–7). Use the same procedure to close the cover when you have finished
using the RX23.

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–19

Figure 2–7

Accessing the RX23 Diskette Drive

RX23
Diskette Drive

MLO-002769

Note Figure 2–7 shows an RX23 diskette drive in the right compartment of your
DECsystem 5100. An RX23 diskette drive may also be in the left compartment.

2.7.1 Diskettes
The RX23 diskette drive uses RX23K diskettes that have a capacity of 1.4MB.
Appendix B contains information on the handling and storage of diskettes.

2.7.2 Inserting a Diskette
The drive can hold one diskette.
Caution Never remove or insert a diskette while the diskette drive is performing a
function. Inserting or removing a diskette while your system is using the
diskette can cause incorrect data to be written to the diskette, and can cause
damage to the diskette itself. Wait until the diskette drive completes its current
operation. When the diskette drive is in use, the green light on the front of the
diskette drive is on.
To insert a diskette into the diskette drive, slide the diskette into the drive (see
Figure 2–8).

2–20 Using the DECsystem 5100

The diskette slides straight in and drops down to its load position.
Figure 2–8

Inserting a Diskette

Diskette

MLO-002770

2.7.3 Removing a Diskette
You must dismount the diskette drive before removing a diskette. For
information on dismounting, see your software documentation.
To remove a diskette from the diskette drive, press the eject button on the
front of the diskette drive (see Figure 2–9).
Figure 2–9

Removing a Diskette

Diskette
Ejection Button

MLO-002938

Using the DECsystem 5100

2–21

2.8 Shutting Down the DECsystem 5100 Software
Before running any diagnostic self-tests, perform the following steps:
1

Shut down the DECsystem 5100 software by logging in to an account that
has superuser privileges.

Enter a shutdown command at the system prompt (#).

Table 2–5 contains a list of the shutdown commands that you can use.
Table 2–5

Shutdown Commands

Command

Result

/etc/shutdown -h now

This command starts the operating system software
shutdown procedure immediately, without issuing
warning messages.

/etc/shutdown -h hhmm

This command shuts down the operating system software
at a specified time. In this table, hh indicates hours,
mm indicates minutes. The system sends warning
messages to all users on the Local Area Network (LAN)
indicating shutdown time.

/etc/shutdown -h +n

This command shuts down the operating system software
after a specified number of minutes. In this table,
n indicates the number of minutes after which the
operating system software shuts down. The system
sends warning messages to all users on the LAN at an
increasing frequency.

If you enter the following command before booting your system, you can also
halt the operating system by pressing the halt/reset button:
>> setenv bootmode h

If you halt your system in this way, you can enter the following command to
return to the operating system:
>> continue

2.9 Turning Off Your DECsystem 5100
Follow these steps to turn off your DECsystem 5100:
1

Shut down your operating system by following the instructions in your
operating system software documentation.

Set the on/off switch on the back of the system unit to the off (O) position.

2–22 Using the DECsystem 5100

3
Hardware Options
This chapter contains information on the following:
Memory and storage options available
Terminals, printers, modems, and other communication devices available
for your system
Where to find out how to install them

3.1 Adding Memory
The DECsystem 5100 has four memory banks that can contain either 8MB or
16MB of memory in each bank. The basic DECsystem 5100 contains 8MB of
memory in the first bank only. You can add either 8MB (MS44-BA) or 32MB
(MS44-DA) increments to the basic system, up to a total of 128MB.
To determine how much memory you can add to your DECsystem 5100, use the
configuration display (see Section 2.3).
Your Digital Sales representative can tell you the various combinations of
memory available, and which memory options you must order.

3.1.1 Installing Memory Modules
When you purchase memory modules, your Digital Customer Service
representative will perform the installation for you.

3.2 Adding the DHT80 Asynchronous Module
Your DECsystem 5100 supports the optional DHT80 asynchronous module.
This module provides seven MMJ ports (MMJ ports 4 to 10) and a second
modem port. It is an internal module and your Digital Customer Service
representative must install it for you .

Hardware Options 3–1

3.2.1 Installing the DHT80 Asynchronous Module
When you purchase the DHT80 asynchronous module, your Digital Customer
Service representative will perform the installation for you.

3.3 Adding Storage Devices
Depending on your system configuration, you can add either internal or
external SCSI storage devices to your system. You can have up to seven SCSI
devices. Your system unit can accommodate five half-height storage devices.
You can connect up to two external expansion boxes.
Note Some expansion boxes contain two devices.

3.3.1 Installing Storage Devices
To install internal storage devices, contact your Digital Customer Service
representative who will perform the installation for you.
To install external storage devices (expansion boxes), follow the instructions
given in Chapter 4 of the DECsystem 5100 Installation Guide.

3.4 Adding a Printer
Table 3–1 describes the printers that you can use with your DECsystem 5100.
Table 3–1

Printers for Your DECsystem 5100

Printer

Description

LN03

A desktop nonimpact laser printer that produces letter-quality text at a
rate of eight pages per minute

LN03 PLUS

An enhanced LN03 that prints documents with both text and graphics

LN03R
ScriptPrinter

A nonimpact page printer that uses laser recording technology to
produce high-quality text, graphics, and images

LA100

A desktop dot-matrix printing terminal

LA75

A desktop dot-matrix printer with pixel graphics

LA50

A desktop dot-matrix printer with bitmap or character cell graphics

LJ250 color

A desktop dot-matrix color printer

LPS20
PrintServer

A networked printer that functions as an independent system (or node)
in a network

LPS40
PrintServer

A networked printer that functions as an independent system (or node)
in a network

3–2 Hardware Options

When you order a printer, you may need to order a serial line cable to connect
it to your system unit. Your Digital Sales representative can tell you what you
need.

3.4.1 Installing a Printer
For instructions on installing a printer, see the DECsystem 5100 Installation
Guide and the documentation supplied with your printer.

3.5 Adding a Modem
Table 3–2 describes the modems available for your DECsystem 5100.
Table 3–2

Modems for Your DECsystem 5100

Modem

Description

DF242
Scholar
Plus

A 300/1200/2400-bits-per-second, full-duplex, asynchronous modem

DF224

A 300/1200/2400-bits-per-second, full-duplex, asynchronous modem

DF212

A 300/600/1200-bits-per-second, full-duplex, asynchronous modem

DF112

A 300/1200-bits-per-second, full-duplex, asynchronous modem

DF03

A 300/1200-bits-per-second, full-duplex, asynchronous modem

Your software documentation describes other modems.
When you order your modem, you may need to order a serial line cable, or a
DECconnect Passive Adapter, or both, to connect your modem cable to your
system unit. Your Digital Sales representative can tell you what you need.
Note Auto-answer is not available. Data leads only are connected.

3.5.1 Installing a Modem
For instructions on installing a modem, see the DECsystem 5100 Installation
Guide and the documentation supplied with the modem.

3.6 Adding Terminals
You can connect any of the VT range of terminals to your DECsystem 5100,
using the DEC423 MMJ ports 1, 2, and 3, and the MMJ ports on the optional
DHT80 asynchronous module (ports 4 to 10). You can also connect terminals to
the modem port, and to the optional modem port on the DHT80 asynchronous
module, if you use a DEC423 to RS232 adapter (H8575-A). These ports are on
the back of the system unit.

Hardware Options 3–3

You can connect a total of 12 terminals to your system, using both the MMJ
ports and the modem ports, if you have the optional DHT80 asynchronous
module installed.

3.6.1 Installing Terminals
For instructions on installing terminals, see the DECsystem 5100 Installation
Guide and the documentation supplied with the terminal.

3–4 Hardware Options

4
Troubleshooting
This chapter gives information on the following:
Using the self-test
Correcting hardware problems and contacting your Digital Customer
Service representative
The information your Digital Customer Service representative needs from
you

4.1 Using the Self-Test
The self-test consists of a number of tests that check the parts of your
DECsystem 5100 and tell you whether they are working correctly.
You can run the self-test in one of the following ways:
By turning on your system unit
By pressing the halt/reset button on the back of the system unit when the
system is in console mode. Figure 4–1 shows the location of the halt/reset
button.
By entering the following command at the console prompt (>>) and pressing
Return:
>> test 0x0

Troubleshooting 4–1

Figure 4–1

Halt/Reset Button

RE_EN05161A_90

Note The power-up tests are not displayed on the console terminal if you enter the
following command at the console prompt:
>> setenv bootmode d

When you turn on your system, it displays the console banner immediately.
When you turn the system unit on, the self-test starts automatically. A self-test
performed this way is called a power-up self-test.
When you turn on the system unit, a power-up display is displayed on the
console terminal screen. The power-up self-test consists of a series of tests,
each test having an identification number. The system displays the number of
the currently executing test followed by two periods. As you can see from the
following example, test 26 is the first test to execute, and the test sequence
counts down to test 3, the last test.
If you see a display similar to the following, your system has passed all the
power-up self-tests.

4–2 Troubleshooting

26..25..24..23..22..21..20..19..18..17..16..15..14..14..14..
13..12..11..10..9..8..7..6..5..4..3..
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-55-55-55
0x1000000
>>

The numbers in the power-up self-test display correspond to groups of tests for
specific system functions.
Console Banner
If the power-up self-test completes successfully, the system displays the console
banner and prompt. The console banner is as follows:
KN230 Vx.x
08-00-2b-55-55-55
0x1000000
>>

1
2
3
4

The significance of each line in the console banner is as follows:
1

CPU name and the firmware version

Ethernet address

Internal memory size in hexadecimal format
Table 4–1 is a conversion table that translates hexadecimal memory sizes
into decimal memory sizes.

Table 4–1

Memory Size Indication

Memory Size

Hexadecimal Value

8MB

0x800000

16MB

0x1000000

24MB

0x1800000

32MB

0x2000000

40MB

0x2800000

48MB

0x3000000

56MB

0x3800000

64MB

0x4000000

72MB

0x4800000

80MB

0x5000000
(continued on next page)

Troubleshooting 4–3

Table 4–1 (Cont.)

Memory Size Indication

Memory Size

Hexadecimal Value

96MB

0x6000000

104MB

0x6800000

128MB

0x8000000

Console prompt

The size of the unusable memory, in hexadecimal format, found by the
power-up diagnostics

You may still be able to use your system when you see a console banner of this
type, depending on how much of the memory is unusable.

4.2 Unsuccessful Power-Up Self-Test Display
Note If the system does not display the power-up self-tests, the environment variable
bootmode d might be set. Enter the following command to cause the system to
run the power-up self-tests, then press the halt/reset button:
>> setenv bootmode h

If one of the self-tests fails after you initially turn on the system, the power-up
self-test halts after it displays the failing test number. The system displays
the contents of certain system registers, then performs the remaining power-up
self-tests. After completing the remaining tests in the sequence, the system
displays the console prompt.
The following display shows a sample power-up self-test failure, with test
group 21 failing:

4–4 Troubleshooting

26..25..24..23..22..21..
?1f 03 ff 0001
P1= 00000000 P2= 00000000 P3= 00000000 P4= 00000000 P5= 00000000
P6= 00000000 P7= 00000000 P8= 00000000 P9= 00000000 P10=00000000
gp= 17bcbcfc sp= a000f7b0 fp=bfc00480 sr= 00000000
epc=bfc20a70 badvaddr=00060000 cause=3000000
20..19..18..17..16..15..14..14..14..
13..12..11..10..9..8..7..6..5..4..3..
>>

4.2.1 If a Test Fails
If you see a power-up self-test display similar to the one shown in Section 4.2,
perform the following checks:
1

Make sure that all external connections, cables, and power cords are
secure.

Make sure that the standard Ethernet cable or ThinWire Ethernet cable, if
installed, is properly connected.

If you have expansion boxes connected to your system, make sure that
the SCSI cable is properly connected and that the last expansion box is
properly terminated.

Run the power-up self-tests again. To run the power-up tests again, press the
halt/reset button or enter the following command at the console prompt:
>> test 0x0

If the error remains, contact your Digital Customer Service representative (see
Section 4.4).

4.3 Solving Hardware Problems
Table 4–2 offers solutions to some common hardware problems. If you
follow the suggestions listed in Table 4–2 and your problem remains
unresolved, contact your system manager, or your Digital Customer Service
representative.

Troubleshooting 4–5

Table 4–2

Basic Troubleshooting

Symptom

Possible Cause

Suggested Solution

Power cord not connected.
Power socket may not be
working.

Make sure that all the power cords
are connected properly at both
ends. Test the power socket with
an appliance that works.

System Problems
System unit fan is off.
Power light is off.

Turn the system off for 10 seconds
and then turn it back on. Unplug
the terminal cable, communications
cable, and printer. Then plug in all
cables and power up the system.
Terminal does not operate.

Power-up display is not
displayed after 20 seconds.

Terminal cable not properly
connected.

Make sure that all the cables are
connected properly at both ends.

Problem with the MMJ
ports 1 to 3.

Try connecting the terminal to
another system. If that works, the
port to which the terminal was
connected is faulty. If the terminal
still does not operate, it is faulty.
In either case, contact your Digital
Customer Service representative.

Faulty cable.

Connect the cable and the terminal
to another system. If the connected
terminal works, the asynchronous
module or MMJ connector is faulty.
Otherwise, the cable is faulty.
Contact your Digital Customer
Service representative.

Terminal cable not
connected.

Make sure that the terminal cable
is plugged in at both ends.

The environment variable
bootmode d is set.

This is not a system fault. You can
operate the system as soon as it
displays the console banner and
prompt.

System unit turned on
before terminal.

Turn off the terminal and the
system unit. Turn on the terminal,
allowing enough time for it to
complete its power-up tests. Now
turn on the system unit.
(continued on next page)

4–6 Troubleshooting

Table 4–2 (Cont.)

Basic Troubleshooting

Symptom

Possible Cause

Suggested Solution

The terminal may not be
working.

Try another terminal if one is
available.

Power socket may not be
working.

Use a correctly functioning
appliance to test the power socket.

The terminal fuse may have
blown.

Adjust the brightness and contrast
controls. Replace blown terminal
fuse.

Terminal settings may be
incorrect.

See the terminal documentation.
The terminal should be set at 9600
baud, 8 bits, and no parity.

Self-test errors.

Contact your Digital Customer
Service Representative.

Power-up self-test contains
an error summary.

Self-test errors.

See Section 4.2 in this chapter for
more instructions.

Operating system software
display is not displayed on
the screen.

System environment
variables have to be set.

See Appendix A.

Operating system software
is not installed.

See the operating system software
documentation for installation
instructions.

Power cable and data cable
are not installed correctly.

Make sure that the power cable and
data cable are installed correctly at
both ends.

System Problems

(continued on next page)

Troubleshooting 4–7

Table 4–2 (Cont.)

Basic Troubleshooting

Symptom

Possible Cause

Suggested Solution

DHT80 Asynchronous Module Problems
Peripheral connected to one
of the MMJ ports 4 to 10
does not operate.

Cable not properly
connected.

Make sure that all the cables are
connected properly at both ends.

Problem with the MMJ
ports on the optional
asynchronous module.

Faulty cable.

4–8 Troubleshooting

Table 4–2 (Cont.)

Basic Troubleshooting

Symptom

Possible Cause

Suggested Solution

TZ30 tape drive green light
flashes rapidly.

The drive mechanism is
faulty or the tape cartridge
is damaged.

Press and release the unload button
to clear the fault. If the condition
persists, do not try to remove the
tape cartridge or use the tape drive.
Contact your Digital Customer
Service representative.

TZ30 passes power-up test
but does not operate.

No tape cartridge in drive
or the tape cartridge is not
loaded.

Insert the tape cartridge and press
the unload button.

Cartridge release lever does
not slide.

Tape cartridge is in use.

Wait for green light to go on and
try again. If the problem persists,
do not use the drive. Contact
your Digital Customer Service
representative.

Cartridge release level does
not lock.

Tape cartridge is not
inserted properly.

Reinsert the tape cartridge. If
the problem persists, contact
your Digital Customer Service
representative.

TZ30 Tape Drive Problems

Tape does not load.

Press and release the unload
button. Wait for green light to
go on before sliding lever and
removing tape. If the light blinks,
contact your Digital Customer
Service representative.

4.4 Contacting Your Digital Customer Service
Representative
If you have followed the suggestions in this chapter and your problem remains
unsolved, your Digital Customer Service representative can help you.
Before you place your call, follow these steps:
Write down a description of the problem, including any error messages you
have received and the number of any self-test that failed.
Look at the status LED display on the back of the system unit and write
down the numbers of the LEDs that are on.
List the steps you have taken to correct the problem and the results you
got.

Troubleshooting 4–9

Write down the serial and model numbers of your system and any
peripheral device involved. These numbers are usually located on a label
on the back of the device.

4–10 Troubleshooting

A
Console Commands
This appendix describes the console commands that you can enter when your
system is in console mode.
Note If the system is in unprivileged console mode (that is, the console prompt is
S>), you can enter only three valid commands (without arguments). The three
commands are as follows:
boot
passwd
help (?)
Note The console commands are case sensitive. You must enter lowercase commands
in lowercase on your console terminal.

A.1 Boot Command (boot)
This command specifies a file from which the system loads the operating
system software. The format for this command is as follows:
boot [-f FILE] [-(s | m)] [-n] [ARG...]
The -f option followed by the FILE parameter specifies the file you want
to use during a boot procedure. If you do not specify the -f option and a
FILE, then the system uses the file specified by the environment variable,
bootpath. Section A.14 contains more information on the bootpath variable.
The FILE parameter has the following format:
dev(controller,unit,lbn)filename

Console Commands A–1

dev - specifies the device from which you are booting the operating
system software. Typical device types are as follows: hard disk (rz),
tape (tz), and network using the MOP protocol (mop) or the BOOTP
protocol (tftp).
controller - specifies the ID number of the controller.
unit - specifies the unit number of the device from which you are
booting the operating system software.
lbn - specifies the logical block number that specifies the absolute block
number from the beginning of the disk.
filename - specifies the name of the operating system software file.
Note When you do not enter values for controller, unit, or lbn, the system uses
default values of zero.
The -s option specifies that the operating system software file boots in
single-user mode.
The -m option specifies that the operating system software file boots in
multiuser mode.
Note When you do not specify the -m option or the -s option, the system uses the
default option, -m.
The -n option specifies that the file is loaded but not executed.
The parameter arg represents data that you want to pass to the booted
operating system file.

A.2 Configuration Command (conf)
This command displays the system configuration. The format of this command
is as follows:
conf [-(b | f | m | s | g)]
The -b option directs the system to display a brief system configuration.
Example A–1 shows an example of a brief configuration display.

A–2 Console Commands

Example A–1

Brief System Configuration Display

>> conf -b
hardware: revision 1
firmware: revision 1
ethernet hardware address: 08-00-2b-12-7f-58
option board: Asynch Comm, 8 ports
memory: total size 16MBs
scsi peripherals
unit type
product
removable/fixed
0 disk
RZ56
(C) DEC
fixed
2 cdrom
RRD40
TM DEC
removable
3 tape
TZK50
removable
5 tape
TZ30
removable
7 host adapter

The -f option directs the system to display a full system configuration
display. Example A–2 shows an example of a full system configuration
display.
Example A–2

Full System Configuration Display

>> conf -f
hardware: revision 1
firmware: revision 1
cpu: revision 2.32
fpu: revision 3.32
security switch: unsecure mode
password: clear
eeprom: valid
ethernet hardware address: 08-00-2b-12-7f-58
option board: Asynch Comm, 8 ports
memory: total size 16MBs
bank0
4MB SIMMs size: 8MBs
0 bad pages
bank1
4MB SIMMs size: 8MBs
0 bad pages
scsi peripherals
unit type
product
removable/fixed
0 disk
RZ56
(C) DEC
fixed
2 cdrom
RRD40
TM DEC
removable
3 tape
TZK50
removable
5 tape
TZ30
removable
7 host adapter

capacity
634 MBs
571 MBs

Console Commands A–3

The -m option directs the system to display the memory configuration. The
memory configuration shows the bad memory pages in each memory bank.
Example A–3 shows an example of a memory configuration display.
Example A–3

Memory Configuration Display

>> conf -m
memory: total size 104MBs
bank0 16MB SIMMs size: 32MBs
bank1 16MB SIMMs size: 32MBs
bank2 16MB SIMMs size: 32MBs
bank3
4MB SIMMs size: 8MBs

0 bad pages
0 bad pages
0 bad pages
0 bad pages

The -s option directs the system to display the SCSI device table.
Example A–4 shows an example of a SCSI device table.
Example A–4

SCSI Device Table

>> conf -s
scsi peripherals
unit type
0 disk
2 cdrom
3 tape
5 tape
7 host adapter

product
RZ56
RRD40
TZK50
TZ30

removable/fixed
fixed
removable
removable
removable

capacity
634 MBs
571 MBs

The -g option directs the system to display the general information display.
Example A–5 shows an example of a general information display.

A–4 Console Commands

Example A–5

General Information Display

>> conf -g
hardware: revision 1
firmware: revision 1
cpu: revision 2.32
fpu: revision 3.32
security switch: unsecure mode
password: clear
eeprom: valid
ethernet hardware address: 08-00-2b-12-7f-58
option board: not present

A.3 Continue Command (continue)
This command causes the CPU to begin executing instructions from the
address currently stored in the program counter. The format of this command
is as follows:
continue
Note You can use this command to return to the operating system from the console
mode. This works only if you have set the variable bootmode so that you entered
console mode by pressing the halt/reset button.

A.4 Deposit Command (d)
This command deposits a single byte, halfword or word value at the specified
address. The format for this command is as follows:
d [[[-(b | h | w)] [ADDR]] | [-H reg-name]] VAL
The -b option indicates a single byte.
The -h option indicates a halfword.
The -w option indicates a word.
Note If you do not specify any of these options, the system uses the default option,
-w.
The parameter ADDR represents a virtual address. For example, to
examine physical address location 0, enter an ADDR value of 0x80000000.
Note When you do not enter an address, the default address is the address
one location above the last address accessed by the last e (examine), or d
(deposit) command.
The -H option indicates that you are depositing the value to a register in
the halt state memory block.

Console Commands A–5

The parameter reg-name represents the name of a particular R3000
internal register.
The parameter VAL represents a specific numeric value.

A.5 Disable Command (disable)
This command removes a console device from the current list of enabled
console devices.
disable DEV
The parameter DEV is an ASCII string representing the console device you
want to disable. You can enter the following values:
tty(0)
tty(1)
tty(2)
tty(3)
If you do not enter a value for DEV, the system displays the current list of
enabled console devices.

A.6 Dump Command (dump)
This command shows a formatted display of the contents of memory. The
format of this command is as follows:
dump [-H] | [[[[-(b | h | w)] [-(o | d | u | x | c | B)]] | [-I]] RNG]
The -H option displays the contents of the halt state memory block.
The -b option displays memory in bytes.
The -h option displays memory in halfwords.
The -w option displays memory in words.
Note When you do not specify any of the options -b, -h, or -w, the system uses the
default option, -w.
The -o option displays memory in octal format.
The -d option displays memory in decimal format.
The -u option displays memory in unsigned decimal format.
The -x option displays memory in hexadecimal format.
The -c option displays memory in ASCII format.

A–6 Console Commands

The -B option displays memory in binary format.
The -I option displays the contents of memory in R3000 assembly language
format. Example A–6 shows an example of the dump -I display.
Example A–6

The dump -I Display

>> dump -I 0x80030200:0x80030220
0x80030200:
0x80030204:
0x80030208:
0x8003020c:
0x80030210:
0x80030214:
0x80030218:
0x8003021c:

c048228
2021
8fbf0014
27bd0018
3e00008
0
27bdffe8
afbf0014

jal
addu
lw
addiu
jr
nop
addiu
sw

0x801208a0
a0,zero,zero
ra,0x14(sp)
sp,0x18
ra
sp,0xffe8
ra,0x14(sp)

The parameter RNG indicates a range of memory contents that the system
displays. You can specify the memory range in three different ways:
ADDR - displays the contents of a single address location specified by the
parameter ADDR.
ADDR#CNT - displays the contents of a number of address locations.
The parameter ADDR specifies the address of the first location that is
displayed. The parameter CNT specifies the number of address locations to
be displayed after the starting address.
ADDR1:ADDR2 - displays the contents of the address locations between
the two addresses specified by ADDR1 and ADDR2.

A.7 Examine Command (e)
This command displays the byte, halfword, or word at a specified address. The
format of this command is as follows:
e [-(b | h | w)] [ADDR]
The -b option indicates a single byte.
The -h option indicates a halfword.
The -w option indicates a word.
Note When you do not specify any of the options -b, -h, or -w, the system uses the
default option, -w.

Console Commands A–7

The parameter ADDR represents a virtual address. For example, when
you want to examine the contents of physical address location 0, enter an
ADDR value of 0x80000000.

A.8 Enable Command (enable)
This command adds a console device to the current list of enabled console
devices.
enable DEV
The parameter DEV is an ASCII string representing the console device you
want to enable. You can enter the following values:
tty(0)
tty(1)
tty(2)
tty(3)
If you do not enter a value for DEV, the system displays the current list of
enabled console devices.

A.9 Fill Command (fill)
This command places the value that you specify in the range of memory
locations that you specify. When you do not specify a value, the system puts
zeros in the range of memory locations that you specify. The format of this
command is as follows:
fill [-(b | h | w)] [-v VAL] RNG
The -b option indicates a single byte.
The -h option indicates a halfword.
The -w option indicates a word.
The -v option specifies that you are putting the numeric value, represented
by the parameter VAL, into the memory locations that you specified.
The parameter RNG indicates the range of memory into which the system
places the value represented by the parameter VAL. You can specify the
memory range in three different ways:
ADDR - specifies a single address location.

A–8 Console Commands

ADDR#CNT - displays the contents of a number of address locations.
The parameter ADDR specifies the address of the first location that
is displayed and the parameter CNT specifies the number of address
locations to be displayed after the starting address.
ADDR1:ADDR2 - specifies a range of address locations. The parameter
ADDR1 specifies the first address of the range. The parameter ADDR2
specifies the last address of the range.

A.10 Go Command (go)
This command transfers program control to the specified address. The format
of this command is as follows:
go [PC]
The parameter PC is the entry point address to which you want to transfer
control.
When you do not specify an entry point address, the system uses the entry
point address of the program module that the system loaded most recently. If
the system has not loaded a program module, it uses address 0 as the entry
point address.

A.11 Help Command (help) (?)
This command displays the correct format of a specified command. The format
of this command is as follows:
help [CMD]
or,
? [CMD]
The parameter CMD represents the command for which you need information.
When you do not specify a command, the system displays the complete console
menu. Example A–7 shows the console menu.

Console Commands A–9

Example A–7

Console Menu

CMD:
boot [-f FILE] [-(s|m)] [-n] [ARG...]
conf [-(b|f|m|s|g)]
continue
d [[[-(b|h|w)] [ADDR]] | [-H reg-name]] VAL
disable DEV
dump [-H] | [[[[-(b|h|w)] [-(o|d|u|x|c|B)]] | [-I]] RNG]
e [-(b|h|w)] [ADDR]
enable DEV
fill [-(b|h|w)] [-v VAL] RNG
go [PC]]
help [CMD]
init
passwd [-(c|s|u)]
printenv [EVAR...]
setenv EVAR STR
scsi [?]
test [?] | [[-v] [-(f|h)] [-r[REPS]] [-s] TNUM [parm1 parm2 parm3 ....]]
unsetenv EVAR
? [CMD]
RNG:
ADDR#CNT
ADDR:ADDR

A.12 Init Command (init)
This command performs a full system initialization. The format of this
command is as follows:
init
The init command performs the same initialization procedure that is performed
when you turn on the system unit, or when you press the halt/reset button.
However, the system does not execute the power-up self-test.

A.13 Password Command (passwd)
This command allows you to perform the following:
Enter privileged console mode
Set a new password
Clear the currently stored password
Exit privileged console mode
The format of the command is as follows:
passwd [-(c | s | u)]

A–10 Console Commands

When you do not specify any of the options in the command, the system
prompts you for the system password. Enter the password.
Note The system does not display the password as you enter it.
When the password you enter matches the current system password, you enter
privileged console mode.
When the password you enter does not match the current system password,
you remain in unprivileged console mode. Also, the system maintains a record
of the number of incorrect passwords entered.
The -c option allows you to clear the system password. This is equivalent
to disabling system security.
The -s option allows you to set the system password. The system prompts
you for a password twice. When you enter the same password each time,
the system accepts the password you enter as the new system password.
The -u option assigns you an unprivileged status.

A.14 Print Environment Command (printenv)
This command displays the current value of the specified environment variable.
The format of this command is as follows:
printenv [EVAR...]
The parameter EVAR represents the variable, the value of which, you want
to display. When you do not specify a variable, the system displays a table
showing the values of all the environment variables. Example A–8 is a typical
environment variable table.

Console Commands A–11

Example A–8

Environment Variable Table

bootpath=rz()vmunix
bootmode=a
console=0
scsiid0=7
iooption=0x0
baud0=9600
systype=0x820c0101
inetaddr=0
baud1=9600
baud2=9600
baud3=9600
bitmap=0xa07ff800
bitmaplen=0x200

The system puts environment variables into classes according to the type of
memory in which they reside as follows:
volatile - the system stores the value of the variable in memory that is lost
when you switch the power off
nonvolatile - the system stores the value of the variable in memory that is
not lost when you switch the power off
initialized - the console program automatically initializes the memory that
stores the values of these variables.
Table A–1 describes the types of the default environment variables.
Table A–1

Default Environment Variables

Variable

Type

Description

baud0

Nonvolatile

Baud rate of the tty(0) terminal line. The
allowed values are as follows: 75, 110, 134, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default). The
system enables this terminal line at power-up.

baud1

Initialized

Baud rate of the tty(1) terminal line. The
allowed values are as follows: 75, 110, 134, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default). The
system disables this terminal line at power-up.

baud2

Initialized

Baud rate of the tty(2) terminal line. The
allowed values are as follows: 75, 110, 134, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default). The
system disables this terminal line at power-up.
(continued on next page)

A–12 Console Commands

Table A–1 (Cont.)

Default Environment Variables

Variable

Type

Description

baud3

Initialized

Baud rate of the tty(3) terminal line. The
allowed values are as follows: 75, 110, 134, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default). The
system enables this terminal line at power-up.

bootpath

Nonvolatile

A string containing the complete boot path
specification. The boot path has two fields: the
boot device and the boot file (see Section A.1)

bootmode

Nonvolatile

A one character control code that specifies the
action taken by the console program at power-up
or when you press the halt/reset button. The
allowed control characters are as follows:
a - automatically boots the system from
the device and file specified in the bootpath
variable
d - halts the system before running the
power-up diagnostics
h - enables the halt interrupt mechanism

bitmap

Initialized

The hexadecimal address of the memory bitmap
table. The memory bitmap table is a vector
of words. Each bit in each word corresponds
to a page in memory. If the bit is set to 1,
the memory page is good and available to the
system. If the bit is set to 0, the page is bad. Do
not change the value of this variable.

bitmaplen

Initialized

The length of the memory bitmap in words. Do
not change the value of this variable.

inetaddr

Initialized

Specifies the internet address that BOOTP uses.
The default value is 0.

iooption

Nonvolatile

Specifies the type of Input/Output Option
present.

console

Nonvolatile

Always selects tty (0).

scsiid0

Nonvolatile

Specifies the SCSI ID number assigned to the
SCSI bus adapter. The default value is 7.
(continued on next page)

Console Commands A–13

Table A–1 (Cont.)

Default Environment Variables

Variable

Type

Description

systype

Initialized

Provides information identifying the CPU type,
the firmware revision level, and the hardware
revision level. Do not change the value of this
variable.

A.15 Set Environment Command (setenv)
This command assigns a new value to the specified environment variable. The
format of this command is as follows:
setenv EVAR STR
The parameter EVAR is the variable that you want to set.
The parameter STR is the string value, to which you want to set the
variable.
Table A–1 provides descriptions of the default environmental variables that
the system sets up. You can add your own environment variables but these
variables are stored in volatile memory. The environment variables table can
contain up to 16 variables, a total of 256 characters.

A.16 SCSI Command (scsi)
This command allows you to inquire, test, and reset devices on the SCSI bus.
The format of this command is as follows:
scsi [?]
When you enter the command scsi ?, the system displays a summary of the
scsi commands that you can enter. Example A–9 shows the scsi command
summary that the system displays.

A–14 Console Commands

Example A–9
scsi

a1
rs
ri
st
du
cd
ct
cr
fm
iq
ms
ry
sn
sp
sr
su

SCSI Command Summary
a2

unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit

[r]
[r]
[r]

Reset the SCSI bus
Reset the sii
Dump the sii status registers
Dump all sii registers
Read/write test for SCSI hard drives
Read/write test for TZ30 tape drive
Read only self test for RRD40 ROM disk drive
Format fixed disk using default parameters
Show inquiry response from <UNIT>
Show mode sense response from <UNIT>
Show ready status from <UNIT>
Show request sense response from <UNIT>
Stop <UNIT>
Start <UNIT>
Setup <UNIT>, wait for ready status

A.17 Test Command (test)
This command allows you to run the ROM based diagnostic test identified by
its test number. The format of this command is as follows:
test [?] | [[-v] [-(f | h)] [-r[REPS]] [-s] TNUM [parm1 parm2 parm3
....]]
The ? option displays a list of the tests and test scripts (groups of tests)
that the system can run.
The -v option activates the diagnostic report mode for the duration of test
execution.
The -f option forces the test to continue even if an error is detected. In
general, the default is to stop the test on error detection. The exception is
test 0x0, which always attempts to run to completion.
The -h option causes the test command to halt execution when a test
failure occurs. There are no exceptions.
The -r option allows you to repeat a test or test script. The parameter
REPS defines the number of times the test repeats. If you do not specify
a value for REPS, the test repeats continuously. Press Ctrl/C to stop a
repeating test.
The -s option allows you to create and execute a script of tests. When you
specify this option, the system prompts you to enter each test number of
the script, one line at a time. End the script by pressing Return twice.
The parameter TNUM is the number of the test that you want to run. You
must enter this number in hexadecimal format.

Console Commands A–15

The parameter parm1, parm2, and so on, are the parameters that you want
to pass to the test.

A.18 Unset Environment Command (unsetenv)
This command removes the specified variable from the environment variables
table. The format of this command is as follows:
unsetenv EVAR
The parameter EVAR represents the variable that you want to remove.
Table A–1 contains a description of the environment variables that the system
sets up by default.
Note The unsetenv command has no effect on environment variables that are stored
in nonvolatile memory.

A–16 Console Commands

B
Removable Storage Media
The TZ30 tape drive and RX23 diskette drive, which are options in the
DECsystem 5100 system unit, use removable storage media. This appendix
contains information on the use and storage of the media used by these
devices: tape cartridges and diskettes.

B.1 Tape Cartridges
The CompacTape cartridge (see Figure B–1) is a 10 cm by 10 cm (4 in. by 4 in.)
plastic tape cartridge that can be used by TZ30 or TK50 tape drives. The TZ30
tape drive is supplied with a CompacTape. The CompacTape II is the successor
to the CompacTape cartridge. The CompacTape II has tighter tolerances than
the CompacTape to support the higher recording densities of the TK70.
The TZ30 can use either CompacTape or CompacTape II cartridge originally
written by the TK50. If a CompacTape II cartridge written by a TK70 is used
on a TZ30, the TZ30 automatically unloads the tape cartridge, since the TZ30
cannot read the tape cartridge. The green LED will then blink indicating a
tape error.

Removable Storage Media B–1

Figure B–1

The CompacTape Cartridge

WriteProtected
Not WriteProtected
MLO-002758

Table B–2 and Table B–1 show the compatibility of CompacTape and
CompacTape II tape cartridges to TZ30, TK50, and TK70 tape drives.
Table B–1

Noninitialized Cartridge Compatibility
CompacTape (TK50-K)

CompacTape II (TK52-K)

TZ30 Drive

Yes

TK50 Drive

Yes

TK70 Drive

Yes

Table B–2

Initialized Cartridge Compatibility
TK50 Drive

TK70 Drive

TZ30 Drive

TZ30 Initialized Cartridge

R/W

TK50 Initialized Cartridge

R/W

TK70 Initialized Cartridge

R/W

Key
R = Read Only
R/W = Read/Write
NC = Not Compatible

B–2 Removable Storage Media

B.1.1 Labeling a Tape Cartridge
Always label tape cartridges. A slot for the label is provided on the front of
the cartridge (see Figure B–2). This label is visible when the cartridge is in
the drive. Labels or markings on any other part of the cartridge can interfere
with proper operation of the drive. Do not write directly on the cartridge with
a pen, pencil, or other marking instrument.
The labels supplied with the CompacTape or CompacTape II cartridges have
spaces to mark the capacity of the tape cartridge. If data was written to the
tape cartridge with a TK50 or a TZ30, tick the 95MB block on the label. If
data was written to the tape cartridge with a TK70, tick the 296MB block on
the label.
If you use both TK70 and TZ30 drives, remember that the TZ30 is unable to
read or write tapes that have originally been written to by the TK70. However,
the TK70 can read tapes written by the TZ30 or the TK50.
Figure B–2

Labeling a Tape Cartridge

Label Slot

MLO-000960

Removable Storage Media B–3

B.1.2 Writing to and Protecting Tape Cartridges
CompacTape and CompacTape II cartridges have a write-protect switch
to prevent accidental over-write of data. Write-protecting a tape prevents
accidental erasure of information. The system can read information on the
tape regardless of the position of the write-protect switch. However, the system
cannot write data to a write-protected tape.
B.1.2.1 Write-Protecting a Tape When you use a tape to install software,
set the write-protect switch on the front of the cartridge to the write-protect
position.
To write protect a tape, set the write-protect switch to the write-protect position
by sliding it left toward the label until it locks in place (see Figure B–3).
An orange rectangle appears when the write-protect switch locks in the
write-protect position.

B–4 Removable Storage Media

Figure B–3

Write-Protecting a Tape

WriteProtected

Not WriteProtected

MLO-000961

B.1.2.2 Writing to a Tape When you use a tape to make a backup copy or to
write out data, set the write-protect switch to enable writing to the tape.
To enable writing, set the switch to the write-enabled position by sliding it to
the right, away from the label, until the switch locks in place.

B.1.3 Handling and Storing Tape Cartridges
Inside the cartridge, a 600-foot single reel of magnetic tape stores data.
A plastic tape leader is at the beginning of the tape. Take the following
precautions when handling and storing tapes:
Do not touch the exposed surface of the tape.
Avoid dropping the tape cartridge. The impact can cause damage.
Allow tape cartridges to reach room temperature before using them.

Removable Storage Media B–5

Write on the identification label before sliding it into the slot on the tape
cartridge. Do not put the label anywhere else on the tape cartridge.
Store tape cartridges away from dust in their plastic covers.
Keep tape cartridges out of direct sunlight, and away from heaters and
other heat sources. Store tape cartridges at an even temperature between
10°C and 40°C (50°F and 104°F). Store tape cartridges where the relative
humidity is between 20% and 80%.
Keep tape cartridges away from magnets and equipment that generate
magnetic fields, such as motors, transformers, video monitors, and
terminals.
Keep tapes away from X-ray equipment.

B.2 Diskettes
Diskettes are magnetic disks that store information. Digital recommends that
you use high-density (HD) diskettes.
Keep your diskettes dry, out of extreme temperatures and direct sunlight, and
away from anything that contains a magnet, such as a telephone.
Caution Do not place diskettes or magnetic media on or near your terminal. The
electromagnetism from your terminal may damage diskettes by distorting or
erasing the magnetic patterns.

B.2.1 Writing to and Protecting Diskettes
Write-protecting a diskette prevents accidental erasure of information. The
RX23 diskette drive (included in some DECsystem 5100 configurations) can
read information on the diskette regardless of the position of the write-protect
switch. However, the system cannot write data to a write-protected diskette.
B.2.1.1 Write-Protecting a Diskette When you use a diskette to install
application software on your system, or to protect information on the diskette,
set the write-protect switch on the back of the diskette in the write-protect
position by moving it down until it locks in place (see Figure B–4).

B–6 Removable Storage Media

Figure B–4

Write-Protect Switch

Write-Protecting a Diskette

MLO-002056

B.2.1.2 Writing to a Diskette When you use a diskette to make a backup
copy of a file or to write out data, set the write-protect switch to enable writing
to the diskette.
To enable writing, set the switch to the write-enable position by moving it up,
until it locks in place.

Removable Storage Media B–7

Glossary
application software
Software that performs an end-user task. Financial spreadsheet programs are
examples of application software.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A set of 7- or 8-bit binary
numbers representing the alphabet, punctuation, numerals, and other special
symbols used in text representation and communications protocol.
backup copy
A copy of data stored on your disk.
backup process
The process of making copies of the data stored on your disk so that you can recover
that data after an accidental loss. You make backup copies on tape cartridges or on
another disk.
baud rate
The speed at which signals are serially transmitted along a communications line.
One baud equals one bit/second.
binary
A number system that uses two digits: 0 and 1. They are represented in system
circuitry by two voltage levels, and programs are executed in binary form.

Glossary–1

bit
A binary digit; the smallest unit of information in a binary system of notation,
designated as a 0 or a 1.
boot
See bootstrap.
boot device
The device that is booted at system startup. (See bootstrap and device.)
bootstrap (or boot)
To boot is when an internal program attempts to load the operating system software
from a mass storage device.
bus
A channel (a set of wires) along which communication signals in a computer system
travel.
byte
A group of eight binary digits (bits). A byte is one-quarter of a VAX system
longword.
cartridge insert/release lever
This lever sets internal TZ30 mechanisms to accept or eject the tape cartridge.
Move the lever to the left to insert a tape. Move it to the right to use the tape.
Move it to the left again to eject the cartridge after the tape has been completely
rewound.
cartridge leader
A plastic leader at the beginning of magnetic tape.
central processing unit (CPU)
The part of the system that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions.
communications cable
A cable along which electrical signals are transmitted. Devices or systems that are
connected by a communications line can share information and resources.

Glossary–2

computer system
A combination of system hardware, software, and external devices performing
operations and tasks.
console mode
The state in which the computer is controlled from the console terminal. You can
put your system in console mode by pressing the halt/reset button on the back of the
system unit. Console mode is indicated by the console prompts ((>>) or S>) on the
console terminal. (Compare with program mode.)
console terminal
The device on which you enter, and view the results of, console commands.
console prompt
A prompt used for communication between the system manager and the computer.
controller
A system component, usually a printed circuit board, that regulates the operation of
one or more peripheral devices.
CPU
Abbreviation for central processing unit. (See central processing unit.)
data
A formal representation of information suitable for communication, interpretation,
and processing by humans or computers.
debugging
Detecting, locating, and correcting errors (bugs) in hardware or software.
DECconnect
Digital’s simple, cost-effective cabling system for extending Ethernet and terminal
interconnections to offices and work areas.
default
A value or setting that in most cases is "normal" or "expected".

Glossary–3

device
The general name for any unit connected to the system that is capable of receiving,
storing, or transmitting data.
diagnostics
Programs, located in read-only memory, that detect and identify abnormal system
hardware operation. (See read-only memory.)
disk, hard
A flat circular plate with a coating on which data is magnetically stored in
concentric circles (tracks). A hard disk resides permanently inside a disk drive.
diskette
A flat circular plate with a coating on which data is magnetically stored in
concentric circles (tracks). A diskette is removable from the drive.
disk drive
A device that holds a disk. The drive contains mechanical components that spin the
disk and move the read/write heads that store and read information on the surface
of the disk.
tape leader
A plastic leader that is inside the TZ30 tape drive. The tape leader on the magnetic
tape mates with the drive leader on the tape drive. The drive leader draws the
magnetic tape out of the tape cartridge and onto a take-up reel inside the drive.
As the tape is wound onto the take-up reel, it passes the magnetic read and write
heads.
error message
A message displayed by a system to indicate a mistake or malfunction.
Ethernet
A type of local area network based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD).
file
A collection of related information treated by the system as a single unit.

Glossary–4

format
To prepare a diskette to accept data.
hard disk
A hard disk resides permanently inside a disk drive. See disk.
hardware
The physical components—mechanical and electrical—that make up a system.
(Compare with software.)
head
The part of a fixed disk drive, diskette drive, or tape drive that reads, records, and
erases data. Also called read/write head.
LED
Light-emitting diode. LEDs are used as indicators on the system enclosure.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A high-speed communications network that covers a limited geographical area,
such as a section of a building, an entire building, or a cluster of buildings.
It is a privately owned communication network whose speed is upward of 1
megabit-per-second.
magnetic tape
A tape used for storing data that is made of plastic and coated with magnetic oxide.
Also called magtape.
megabyte
1,048,576 (220 ) bytes. Megabyte is abbreviated to MB.
memory
The area of the system that electrically stores instructions and data, often
temporarily.
memory module
A printed circuit board that contains additional memory for the system.

Glossary–5

module
A printed circuit board that contains electrical components and electrically
conductive pathways between components. A module stores data or memory or
controls the functions of a device.
network
A group of individual computer systems that are connected by communications lines
to share information and resources.
node
An individual information-processing unit, such as a computer, workstation, or
peripheral device, that is connected to a network. A node is an end point to any
branch of a network or a junction common to two or more branches.
operating system
A collection of system programs that controls the operation of the system and allows
the user access to data files, input/output devices, and applications programs. The
operating system software performs such tasks as assigning memory to programs
and data, processing requests, and scheduling jobs.
peripheral device
A device that provides the CPU with additional memory storage or communication
capability. Examples are disk and diskette drives, video terminals, and printers.
port
The name of the socket or connector at the back of the computer to which a
terminal, printer, or other communication devices are connected.
power-up sequence (power up)
A series of ordered events that occur when you supply power by turning on the
system.
printer
A peripheral device that provides paper copies of information stored on the system.
program
The sequence of instructions the system uses to perform a task. (See software.)

Glossary–6

program mode
The state in which the computer is controlled by the operating system. After the
operating system is installed, the system will always operate in program mode,
unless you put it into console mode. (See console mode.)
prompt
Words or characters that the system displays to indicate that it is waiting for you to
enter a command.
read-only memory (ROM)
A memory whose contents cannot be modified. The system can use the data
contained in a ROM but cannot change it.
ROM
Abbreviation for read-only memory. (See read-only memory (ROM).)
run
A single continuous execution of a program (noun). To execute a program (verb).
SCSI
See Small Computer System Interface.
server
Hardware or software that provides a specific set of services to a client.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
It is an interface designed for connecting disks and other peripheral devices to
computer systems. SCSI is defined by an American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) standard and is used by many computer and peripheral vendors throughout
the industry.
software
Programs executed by the system to perform a chosen or required function.
(Compare with hardware.)
standard Ethernet
IEEE standard 802.3 compliant Ethernet network composed of standard Ethernet
cable as opposed to ThinWire Ethernet cable.
Glossary–7

station
A single addressable device on a local area network.
storage media
Devices capable of recording information; for example, diskettes.
store
To enter data into a storage device, such as a disk, or into memory.
system
A combination of system hardware, software, and peripheral devices performing
specific processing operations.
tape drive
A device that contains mechanical components and holds, turns, reads, and writes
on magnetic tape.
T-connector
Connector used to join ThinWire Ethernet cable sections. The connector also has a
connector that is attached directly to a system.
terminal
An input/output device that lets you communicate with the system. Terminals are
divided into two categories: video and hard copy.
ThinWire
A Digital trademark used to describe its 10 base 2 (IEEE standard 802.3 compliant)
Ethernet products used for local distribution of data.
ThinWire Ethernet connector
The connector on the back of the system unit to which the ThinWire Ethernet cable
is attached.
unload button
A button on the front of the TZ30 tape drive that rewinds and unloads the tape.

Glossary–8

ULTRIX, ULTRIX–32, ULTRIX–32w
A Digital implementation of the UNIX operating system.
write protect
To protect a disk, diskette, or other storage medium from the addition, revision, or
deletion of information.
write-protect switch
The switch that you slide down on a CompacTape and CompacTape II cartridge to
prevent loss of data by accidental overwriting.

Glossary–9

Index
B
Backups
with tape cartridges, B–5
boot command, A–1
Boot device
specifying, A–1
bootmode variable
defined, A–13
bootpath variable
defined, A–13
use of, A–1

C
? command, A–9
CompacTape
description, B–1
removing from TZ30, 2–16
CompacTape cartridge, 2–11
CompacTape/CompacTape II Cartridges
compatibility, B–2
guidelines, B–5
CompacTape II
description, B–1
removing from TZ30, 2–16
CompacTape II cartridge, 2–11
Compatible drives
CompacTape/CompacTape II, B–2
conf command, 2–9, A–2

continue command, A–5
Controls
TZ30 tape drive, 2–11
Conventions
used in this guide, viii

D
d command, A–5
Diagnostics
TZ30 tape drive, 2–14
disable command, A–6
Diskette drive, 2–19 to 2–21
Diskettes
caring for, B–6
inserting into RX23, 2–20
installing software with, B–6
removing from RX23, 2–21
use and storage of, B–6
write-protecting, B–6
write-protect switch, B–6
writing to, B–6, B–7
Disks
RZ23, 2–9
RZ24, 2–9
dump command, A–6

E
enable command, A–8

Index–1

entry point address, A–9
Environment variables
default set, A–11
defined, A–11
types of, A–12
user defined, A–14
examine command, A–7

RX23 diskette drive (Cont.)
RX23K diskettes, 2–20
storage capacity, 2–20
RZ23 hard disk
storage capacity, 2–9
RZ24 hard disk
storage capacity, 2–9

fill command, A–8

scsi command, A–14
Security switch
use with passwd command, A–10
setenv command, A–14
Software
installing with diskettes, B–6
installing with tape cartridges, B–4
troubleshooting, 4–8
Storage devices, 2–9
System configuration
display of, A–2

G
go command, A–9

H
help command, A–9

I
Indicators
TZ30 tape drive, 2–11
init command, A–10

M
Magnets
keeping media away from, B–6

O
Operating system
shutdown commands, 2–22

P
passwd command, A–10
Power-up tests
TZ30 tape drive, 2–14
printenv command, A–11

R
RX23 diskette drive, 2–19 to 2–21
inserting diskettes, 2–20
removing diskettes, 2–21

Index–2

T
Tape cartridges
caring for, B–5
CompacTape, 2–11
CompacTape II, 2–11
inserting into TZ30, 2–14
installing software with, B–4
labeling, B–3
making backups with, B–5
removing from TZ30, 2–16
use and storage of, B–1
write-protecting, B–4 to B–5
write-protect switch, B–4
writing to, B–4, B–5
test command, A–15
Troubleshooting
software, 4–8
TZ30 tape drive, 4–8
TZ30 tape drive
beeper, 2–13
cartridge lever, 2–13
controls and indicators, 2–11

TZ30 tape drive (Cont.)
errors
during tape cartridge insertion,
2–17
nonrecoverable during tape
motion, 2–17
recoverable during tape motion,
2–17
inserting tape cartridges, 2–14
LED Summary, 2–13
operation, 2–11
power-up test, 2–14
removing tape cartridges, 2–16
storage capacity, 2–11
tape cartridge incompatibility, 2–18
tape cartridge inspection, 2–18

troubleshooting, 2–17, 4–8
unload button, 2–13

U
unsetenv command, A–16

W
Write-protect
diskette switch, B–6
protecting diskettes, B–6
protecting tape cartridges, B–4 to
B–5
tape cartridge switch, B–4
Writing to diskettes, B–6

Index–3