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Document:	COGO-10 20 UsersMan Jul78
Order Number:	AA-5510A-TK
Revision:	0
Pages:	140
Original Filename:	AA-5510A-TK_COGO-10_20_UsersMan_Jul78.pdf

OCR Text

COGO-10/20
User’s Manual
Order No. AA-5510A-TK

July 1978

To order additional copies of this document, contact the Software Distribution

Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754

digital equipment corporation - maynard. massachusetts

First

Printing,

July

1978

The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such
license.

No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation

The postage-prepaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this
document requests the user's critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

DIGITAL
DEC

DECsystem-10
DECtape

MASSBUS
OMNIBUS

PDP

DIBOL

0S/8

DECUS
UNIBUS
COMPUTER LABS

EDUSYSTEM
FLIP CHIP
FOCAL

PHA
RSTS
RSX

COMTEX
DDT
DECCOMM
ASSIST-11

INDAC
LAB-8
DECSYSTEM-20
RTS-8

TYPESET-8
TYPESET-11
TMS-11
ITPS~10

1/79-15

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

1.1

OVERVIEW

1.2

DIFFERENCES

CHAPTER

AND

HIGHLIGHTS
BETWEEN

COGO

VERSIONS

AND

COGO~-10/20
OPERATIONAL

MODES

TERMS

FIELD
AND

DATA

TYPES

ORIGIN

COORDINATES
ANGLES

BEARINGS

AZIMUTHS

FIGURES
TRANSPOSED

FIGURES

TABLES

INFINITE

COGO

EXTENSION

COMMANDS

CONTROL

COMMANDS

MAINTAINING

POINTS

COORDINATE

LOCATIONS

ADJUST

COMMANDS

LOCATE

COMMANDS

INTERSECT

COMMANDS

ALIGNMENT

COMMANDS

SPIRAL

COMMANDS

TABULAR

OUTPUT

SAMPLE

AND

FIGURES

JOBS

SAMPLE

JOB

LAYING

OUT

SAMPLE

JOB

PARCEL

TAKING

ROADWAY

FOR

STREET

RIGHT-OF-WAY

SAMPLE

JOB
OF

APPENDIX

SUMMARY

APPENDIX

ERROR

LOCAL

INTEGERS

wWwWwN

NAME

FIELDS

DEFINITIONS

NSO

DATA

AND

NNDNNDODNDNDNODDNDNDNDNDN

[]
[
.
.

HHEEHEFWYWOSSOOLE
W
NE=O

w
[1-N

CHAPTER

COMMAND

COGO

Wwwuwwwwww

CHAPTER

CONVENTIONS

CHAPTER

RN DDODNDNDDNDODDNDNDNODNDON N

On-Line Mode
Off-Line Mode

SUBDIVISION

COGO

COMMANDS

MESSAGES

iii

COMPUTATION

(CONT.)

TOPS-20

TOPS-10 File Specification
TOPS-20 File Specification

L]
.
N -

CREATING AN

Using
Using

INPUT

Cards
The Text

FILE

Editor

LISTING A FILE
RUNNING COGO

DIRECTORY LISTINGS
DELETING FILES
COPYING FILES
ABORTING

COGO

LOGGING OFF

THE

SYSTEM

O
I

Glossary-1

GLOSSARY

Index-1

INDEX

FIGURES

FIGURE

U UUOUOEWWWWNORNNE

*
L
N =

wWwwWwwWwdhDONDKFEF -

LOGGING ON THE SYSTEM
TOPS-10 Login
SPECIFYING A

Yoo

PROCEDURES

OOOOOOO(POOOOC)O()O
I
I
I
I
|

OPERATING

APPENDIX

Q
]

)
o)

CONTENTS

4-1
4-2
4-3

Sample Problem 1
Sample Problem 2
Sample Problem 3

PREFACE

COGO-10/20
coordinate
computers.

is a FORTRAN
language
program
designed
to
solve
plane
geometry
problems
on
DECsystem-10
and
DECSYSTEM-20
COGO-10/20 runs under the TOPS-10
and
TOPS-20
Operating

Systems.

This manual explains the COGO-10/20 commands and tells the user how to
create and enter COGO input.
The COGO input language was specifically
designed for the civil engineer and surveyor.
The user is expected to
have
a
basic
knowledge
of
geometry.
No previous experience with
computers is required.

The usual units of
degrees,
minutes,

measurement
and
seconds

1in
COGO
are
for angles.

feet
for
1length
and
1If meters or some other

unit of length is used throughout the problem, the results
are
still
accurate,
but output labeled "feet" is actually meters.
Area results
given in acres are only accurate if lengths have been entered in feet.

The system commands necessary to install COGO-10/20 are given
COGO-10/20 Installation Guide, DEC order no.
AA-5511A-TK.

the

Chapter
1
describes
COGO
in
general
terms;
Chapter
2
lists
conventions
and
definitions
of terms needed to use the COGO command
language properly;
Chapter 3 contains the explanation
of
each
COGO
command;
and Chapter 4 presents sample problems that illustrate how a

series of

COGO

commands

can

used

solve

practical

problems.

Appendix A gives a
the

COGO

error

to
generate
appendix.
Throughout

summary of COGO-10/20

messages;

files.

this

manual,

and Appendix

glossary

the

1is

following

commands;

Appendix

information

provides

included

following

documentation

lists
on

the

conventions

how

last

are

used:

UPPERCASE

In
all
letters
exactly

lowercase

In
all
letters

representations
of
denote
information
as

wuser
that

input,
must

uppercase
entered

shown.

representations
denote variable

of
user
input,
lowercase
information determined by the

user.

[

]

Square brackets enclose optional information that
can
be
omitted at the user's discretion.
If any optional
data is specified, all preceding optional data must be
specified
also.
The
brackets
are
not part of the
actual input.

red print

User

input

computer

printed

All
command
pressing the

and
input
RETURN key,

Users who wish to become
more
TOPS-20
Operating Systems can
listed

red

differentiate

from

output.

strings
are
terminated
by
unless otherwise specified.

familiar
with
the
TOPS-10
and
the
find further information in the manuals

below:

FORTRAN-10 Programmer's Reference
Manual (V5)
LINK-10 Programmer's Reference
Manual (V2B)
DECsystem-10 Operating System Commands
Manual (V6.03)
DECSYSTEM-20 FORTRAN Reference
Manual (V5)
DECSYSTEM-20 LINK Reference
Manual (V3)
DECSYSTEM-20 User's Guide (V2)

AA-0944E-TB
DEC-10-ULKMA-B-D

AA-0916C-TB
AA-4158B-TM
DEC-20-ULRMA~-A-D
AA-4179B-TM

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

COGO

is designed

solve

problems

plane

coordinate

geometry.

Complex
problems
can
be
solved
by
starting from known points and
progressing through a series of simple COGO
commands;
the
required
series
of
COGO
commands
are
similar
1in
practice
to
the user's
step-by-step

solution

COGO commands

input

the

problem

solved

hand.

and determine:

points
lines
areas

tangents

circular

Major

and

applications

spiral

for

horizontal

COGO

curves

include:

land surveying
highway design
right-of-way surveys
bridge geometry
subdivision work

1.1

OVERVIEW AND

COGO can
The

run

I/0 mode

input
or

can

interactive

(input/output

come

terminal

HIGHLIGHTS

from

keyboard

line

mode

mode)

card

can
reader,

during

the

printer.

same

batch mode.

changed
during
a
run.
file stored
on a magnetic
run.

The

output

can

The
disk,

sent

COGO offers a user much flexibility in the
input
format.
Input
to
COGO
consists
of
commands and comments.
A comment can be on a COGO
input record by itself or after the last datum of any COGO command.
A
COGO command is made up of a command name and perhaps some data.
Each
command

can

angles,

azimuths,

several

command

abbreviated

and

terms.

names

The

(or

Errors

already
Error

input
and

messages

speed

ease

the

read

almost

can

any

input

handled
helpful

but

near

end

make
the

the

way.

format,

meaning

free

record.

reasonable

entered

abbreviations)

printed

printing,

reading.

of
are

are

input

their

certain positions

bearings

and

left

column

the

user

data

most
in

sum or

use

Distances,

difference
that

the

not

need

the

input

identifying

margin

the

error.

terminal

output

for

line

printer

output

for

INTRODUCTION

In practical problems a user is not dealing
simply with
points
but
with groups of points that define such things as property boundaries,
streets, right-of-ways, traverses, and so
forth.
COGO-10/20
allows
the
wuser to define and refer to lists of related points.
These lists
are called FIGURES.
Up to 9999 figures can be defined and referred to

by number to compute intersections, parallel figures, areas, etc.
The
ability to operate on an entire group of points simply by specifying a
figure
number
greatly reduces the amount of human effort required to
do a

job.

The coordinates and figures are stored by
the
computer
in
an
area
called
a COGO table.
This table is saved by the computer so that the
COGO user can refer to the points and figures in
future
runs.
Each
table
has
a variable length up to 9999 points.
The number of tables
is limited only by the amount of disk space available.
People working
on several jobs can use separate COGO tables for the different jobs.

Several parameters can be easily set by a COGO site.
these

parameters

before terminating,

are

and

the

Two examples

maximum number of errors COGO will accept

the device used for output.

New commands can
be
added
easily.
C0GO-10/20
command
names
and
command
codes
are
similar
to
those
of previous versions.
Hence,
existing COGO input data can be used with at most minor changes.

COGO input consists of commands and,

the

wuser

wants

include

them, comments.
Most commands are composed of a command name followed
by data for that command.
Control commands do not require data.

Any information preceded by an asterisk (*) is reproduced as
comments
in the output.
A comment may appear alone on a line or may follow the
last data item on a line.
If asterisks are in columns 1
and
2,
the
comment will start at the top of the next page.

1.2

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PREVIOUS COGO VERSIONS AND COGO-10/20

COGO-10/20 is compatible with previous
commonly
used
COGO
versions
except
for
a few changes noted in this section.
COGO-10/20 does not
require the local origin control record used
with
some
versions
of
COGO.
However,
the START OF JOB, END OF JOB, and END OF RUN records
must be inserted, and changes must be
made
to
the
commands
1listed
below.

In earlier versions of COGO, the commands
AREA,
AREA
AZIMUTHS,
and
AREA
BEARINGS allowed the listing of points that are input to them to
be continued on more than one card.
COGO-10/20 also allows this
with
the
restriction
that the list, if continued to another card, must be
enclosed in parentheses;
a left parenthesis must
precede
the
first
point
on the first card, and a right parenthesis must follow the last
point on the last card.

The vertical alignment commands are
deleted,
because
they
did
not
communicate
with
any
COGO table and, therefore, need not be part of
COGO.

The DIVIDE/AREA command
command.

replaced by the

wuseful

ADJUST

AREA

INTRODUCTION

The

POINTS

commands

INTERSECT,

AZIMUTH

longer

the

have

offset

the

and

intersection

tolerance

BEARING

causing

small

value.

INTERSECT

these
offsets.
When mixing old input with new input,
values from old input because, if left in, the

commands have optional
remove
any
tolerance
tolerances

INTERSECT,

optional

Instead,

errors.

of
curvature
1is
entered in the same format as an angle.
that old input is acceptable if the degree of curvature was
in decimal degrees with no minutes or seconds.

The

degree

This means
specified

Commands can be abbreviated by omitting any characters after the first
character.
Ambiguous
abbreviations
are not accepted.
Unacceptable
abbreviations result in INVALID COMMAND error messages.
In order that COGO input and output conform to the usual
notation
of
surveyors,
angles
precede distances when angles and distances appear
in a command together.
This change affects the input format
of
four
commands:
LOCATE

COGO

AZIMUTH

LOCATE

BEARING

LOCATE

ANGLE

LOCATE

DEFLECTION

augmented

the

following COGO-10/20

ADJUST

ANGULAR

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

COMPASS

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

CRANDALL

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

TRANSIT

ANGLES

INTERSECT

commands:

ERROR

FORESECTION

LIST

POINT

ERROR

LIMIT

SET

OUTPUT

DSK:

SET

OUTPUT

LPT:

SET

OUTPUT

TTY:

STAKING

1.3

NUMBERS

SET

NOTES

OPERATIONAL

MODES

Users of COGO-10/20

have

the

option

working

the

on-line

off-line mode.

1.3.1

On-Line

Mode

In the on-line mode, users work directly with the computer by using
a
terminal keyboard to type the commands.
The unit of processing is the
single command, and users are expected to interact with
the
computer
after
each
command.
If
a
mistake
1is
made,
an error message is
printed;
users can correct the mistake in the next command
and
then
continue.
Output
of the on-line mode appears on the terminal or the
line

printer

immediately

after

the

execution

each

command.

INTRODUCTION

1.3.2

Off-Line Mode

In the off-line mode, users write the commands on paper and have
them
keypunched.
In this mode of operation, the unit of processing is the
job, made up of many commands, with no
interaction
on
the
part
of
users from start to finish of the job.
1If an input error is detected,
an appropriate message is printed.
The remaining input
of
the
job,
however,
1is still processed.
A printout of the output is returned to
the user and any mistakes can be
<corrected
and
the
problem
rerun.
Several
jobs
can be batched and run at the same time.
Errors in one
job do

not

affect

the

execution

another

job

the

same

run.

CHAPTER

CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

2.1

COMMAND NAME

FIELD

abbreviated
by
The command name can be spelled out in full or can be
omitting any letters other than the first of a word.
The command name
must be the first item of a command.
If
the
command
name
1is
left
blank, the previous name is used (automatic ditto feature).

I1f the first nonblank column of a COGO input record is alphabetic,
is understood by COGO to be

the

first character

of a command name.

entered
exactly
as
it
appears
or
can
be
be
A command name can
the first letter of each word of the desired
least
At
abbreviated.
Other letters may be omitted as long as the
command name must appear.

meaning of the resulting abbreviation

abbreviated words)

must

separated

is not ambiguous.

one

The

words

blanks

(or

and

slashes.

Examples:

Abbreviation

Meaning

STORE
STR

STORE
STORE

Invalid

(could be

Invalid

(could be store or

Invalid

(could be

segment)

show)

store or

segment

store or

SR
SG
SEG
SEG PLUS
SG PL
S/M

STORE
SEGMENT
SEGMENT
SEGMENT PLUS
SEGMENT PLUS
SEGMENT MINUS

PTS

INTR

POINTS

BR/INTERSECT
BEAR INT
B I

BEARING
BEARING
BEARING

INTERSECT
INTERSECT
INTERSECT

Invalid

(could be area,

Invalid

(could be area azimuths

Invalid

(could be angles or

AA
AA A
A AA

INTERSECT

alignment)

angles,

adjust

area)
AREA AZIMUTHS
ADJUST AREA

alignment)

Invalid

(could be angles or

alignment)

CONVENTIONS

AND

DEFINITIONS

Abbreviation

TERMS

Meaning

Invalid

(could

angles

alignment)
ANG

ANGLES

AGN

ALIGNMENT

ANN

ALIGNMENT

C/PR

CARD

Invalid

(no

STOER

Invalid

(characters

EQCJ

END

PRINT
space

between
out

and

sequence)

a command

that

process

the

not

requires data
command

JOB

entered without

that

time,

but

any data,

reads

again

COGO does

looking

for

data.
This allows a record with only a
command
name
to
be
placed
ahead
of
a
group of blank commands.
This also allows the operator,
after interrupting the normal job sequence, to enter the name
of
the
command
that
was
interrupted
and
then return to card or data file
input.
Commands that do not require data
can
be
processed
without
data.
This includes all control commands.

2.2

DATA FIELDS

Data

free

AND

DATA TYPES

format and can

start any place

the

record.

All

the

data pertaining to one command need not fit on one card.
If COGO does
not find sufficient data on one record, COGO
reads
the
next
record
until
the required amount of data is found.
A comment (starting with
an asterisk) can be entered after the last data field on a record.
Distances,

angles,

bearings,

and

azimuths

can

referenced

using

delimiter and the required number of identifying points.
For example,
if two points are known, but the
unknown
distance
between
them
is
required
as part of a command, the delimiter D can be used as follows
to define the distance:
D

Point 21 and 22 are the two
known
points.
In
this
case,
1if
the
delimiter
were
not
wused,
the
distance would have to be calculated
either by hand or by a previous command.
The following delimiters are
used to denote values to be calculated from known points:
DELIMITER

POINTS

DESCRIPTION

Denotes

straight-line

distance
point p2.

from

point

Denotes

the

from point
G

Input

angles,

azimuths,

bearings,

azimuth

Denotes

the angle
clockwise from pl

distances

can

to point

bearing

p2.

point

p3.

expressed

p2,

an expression in parentheses.
The expression can include addition and
subtraction
of
azimuths,
angles,
and
bearings.
Bearings
in
expressions
must
be expressed using N S E W delimiters (not quadrant
numbers)

and

are

converted

azimuths

before

being

combined.

CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

TERMS

The types and amount of data
required
for
execution
of
a
depend on what that command is.
The basic types of data are:

command

integers
coordinates
angles

bearings
azimuths
figures
transposed

2.3

figures

INTEGERS

Integer data are used primarily for identification of points (pl,
p2,
and
so
forth)
and
figures
(fgn).
An
integer
1is
written as an
optionally signed number with no fractional part.
Examples:

1
-12
+134

5000

2.4

LOCAL ORIGIN

COGO-10,/20

wuses

32-bit

word

that

provides

approximately

significant
digits.
However,
coordinates
are stored using a local
origin
to
provide
greater
accuracy.
The
local
origin
works
automatically to improve precision and is of no general concern to the
user.
The local origin is defined by the
first
point
stored
1in
a
table.
Points closest to this local origin have the best precision.

2.5

COORDINATES

Coordinates are entered as optionally signed numbers.
Examples:

100432.648
5000
-12469

The sequence and directions of
installation

and

assumes coordinates are

and

coordinates
E,

expressed

and

north

can

and

selected

forth).

followed

the

This manual

by east.

Quantities, such as distances, stations, and radii, are considered
to
be
real values.
They are entered as (1) optionally signed numbers or
(2) a computed distance between two points indicated by the optionally
signed
letter
D (signifying distance) followed by the numbers of the
two points, or (3) parentheses enclosing any combination of
sums
and

differences of types 1 and 2.
Code
342.1
50
D 1 500
(50 + 100)
(342.1 + 50 - 100)
(D1 500 -D 38 +

Meaning

14)

Distance
Distance
Distance
Distance
Distance
Distance
distance
2-3

of 342.1 feet
of 50.0 feet
from point 1 to
of 150 feet
of 292.1 feet
from point 1 to
from point 3 to

500

500
minus
plus 14.0

the
feet

CONVENTIONS

2.6

AND DEFINITIONS

TERMS

ANGLES

Angles (ang) are entered as degrees, minutes, and seconds.
Only
the
degrees
portion
carries
a
sign.
If the minutes portion contains a
decimal point, then the seconds are omitted.
If the
degrees
portion
has
a
decimal
point, then both the minutes and seconds are omitted.
An angle to the right, or clockwise, is positive.
An
angle
to
the
left, or counterclockwise, 1is negative.
The

following

are

valid

angles:

Code
75

Meaning

-75

5.1
0

5.1

075-00-05.1

90.
G789
230

2.7

minutes,

5.1

degrees,

2zero

minutes,

5.1

seconds left
75
degrees,

zero

minutes,

5.1

30 minutes
6

-70-30.5
(30-0-0)
(A

zero

seconds right
90 degrees right
90 degrees right
90 degrees right
90 degrees right
Angle at point 8 from
point
point 9 right
230 degrees, 20 minutes right

90-00-00
90 0 O
+90 0 O

-0 30 0
-G25 30

75
degrees,
seconds right

30.)

left

Angle at point 30 from point 25
to
point 6 left
70 degrees, 30 minutes, 30
seconds
left
30
degrees,
0
minutes,
0
seconds right
Azimuth from 5 to 6 minus angle
of
30 degrees, 0 minutes, 0 seconds

BEARINGS

Bearings (br) are entered by either the quadrant method or the
N,
S,
E,
W
delimiter
method.
In
the
former,
a
bearing is entered as
quadrant, degrees, minutes, and seconds.
The
quadrant
1is
coded
as
follows:
NE =1,
SE =2,
SW = 3, NW = 4.
1In the delimiter method,
the angle must be bracketed by the characters N or S, and E or W.
The
following are valid bearings:
Code
N

Meaning

N30

5
5

58.0wW
58W

North 30
degrees,
seconds west
North 30
degrees,

seconds west
North 30
degrees,
seconds west

North

seconds

30-05-58.0W

degrees,

minutes,

west

North 30
degrees,
seconds west

CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

OF TERMS

Code
4

Meaning

30-5-58

North 30
degrees,
seconds west

S90 0 0 E
1 900 0.0

Due
Due

S
A

Due

000w

8-Al2

minutes,

east
east

south
Bearings from point

(S50-0.W+A7

Bearing
between

2.8

50-0-0W

course

and

point

plus

angle

course

AZIMUTHS

Azimuths (az) are entered as degrees, minutes, and
seconds,
and
are
measured
clockwise
from
north.
(If
the degrees portion carries a
negative sign, the azimuth is
measured
counter-clockwise.)
Bearings
entered by the N, S, E, W delimiter method are also acceptable.
The

following

are valid

azimuths:

Code

Meaning

253-42-30
253 42 30.0
000
00 00 00.0
270 00 00
-90 0 0

253 degrees,
253 degrees,
Due north
Due north
Due west
Due west

90-0-0
S 12 30 0
192 30 00
A482 483

Due east
192 degrees,

(S50.0 W+A 7

- A 12

minutes,
minutes,

30
30

seconds
seconds

30 minutes west
192 degrees, 30 minutes
Azimuth from point 482 to point 483
Bearing S 50-0-0W plus AZ from 7 to
8

2.9

42
42

minus

from

FIGURES

A figure (fgn) is
a
1list
of
positive
whole
numbers
enclosed
1in
parentheses.
It is usually used as a list of point numbers.
A hyphen
can be used to indicate a range of numbers (for example, 1 2 3
4
can
be
expressed as 1-4).
The significance of the figure depends on what
command uses it.
A figure can be a list of
points
that
make
up
a
boundary or alignment containing curves.
In this case, the curves are
indicated in proper sequence by the letter C, the point number of
the
CC,
(center
of
curvature) and the letter L or R (signifying left or
right as the direction of curvature).
Instead of the list, the number of the stored
figure
can
be
given.
This
feature
eliminates
the
need to write out the description each
time it is needed.
1Instead, the figure is stored once and
thereafter
referred to by number.

Figure
(1

(1 -

Meaning
4)

Numbers

Same

above

C12R

Description of
point

(904

61)

same

Curve from
12, to the

2-5

and

a closed

loop

(first

last)

904 to
right

centered

CONVENTIONS

AND DEFINITIONS

OF TERMS

Figure
(500
364
(1

Meaning

264

480

486)

A range may
This refers

364
Same

run down or up
to stored figure

1),

the

number

means

transposed

(175

364

C178R

179)

Same

The

(179

Cl1l78L

transpose

175)

stored

figure

Parentheses are not required if the figure is the only input item
for
the command.
However, if the description consists of only one number,
the description must be enclosed in parentheses to indicate
that
the
number is a description and not a reference to a figure.
For example, the following
description to be used:

format means

that

figure

contains

the

35
where

the

following

format

means

the

number

itself

the

description:

(35)
If a description does not fit on one record, the description
must
enclosed in parentheses.
For example, the following is interpreted
one description (5 6) followed by another description (7 8):
5
7

6
8

However,
(5
7

Valid

the

following

interpreted

one

description

are

INVERSE

Meaning

BEARING

Compute

bearings

between
INVERSE

BEARING

all

Compute

and

points

bearing

between

points

distances

figure

and

distance

and

distances

BRG

(Same

C2R

Compute

bearings

and

point

from point

(Same

above)

from

another

figure

all

commands

that

use

INVERSE

TRANSPOSED

transposed

C2R

figure

reverse

COGO

allows

the

letter

commands.

This

derived

order.

data,

use.

above)

and

from

FIGURES

with
before

figure

8):

follows:

Command

6
8)

examples

2.10

be
as

user

For
to

indicate

procedure

can

the

that

figure

the

reduce

describing

number

figure

figures
or

should

execution

time

that

input

description

transposed
on

certain

CONVENTIONS AND

2,11

DEFINITIONS

TERMS

COGO TABLES

COGO commands define and use points and figures to solve the
problems
of
a
civil engineer and surveyor.
These points and figures are kept
in a file referred to as a COGO table.
As a COGO job proceeds, data needed by COGO
is
read
from
the
COGO
table
1into
memory.
When a new portion of the COGO table is needed,
the previously used portion is written back onto the disk to make room
in memory for the new portion.
A COGO table can have as many as 9999 sets
figures.
The
number
of
tables allowed

of
coordinates
and
is limited only by the

9999
disk

space available.
All COGO jobs must begin with the START OF JOB command.
If
the
name
of
a COGO table is specified with the START OF JOB command, the START
OF JOB command searches for that table.
If
no
COGO
table
name
|is
given,
the
START
OF
JOB
command
opens
a
temporary table called
COGTAB.TMP.

All COGO jobs should end with either the END OF RUN command or the
OF
JOB
command.
Either
of
these
commands writes on the disk
portions of the COGO table still in memory.

2.12

INFINITE

END
the

EXTENSION COMMANDS

Certain commands in the COGO system consider the ends of figures to be
extended
along straight lines to infinity.
Users should keep this in
mind when using these commands, because unwanted intersections can
be
encountered.
Unwanted
possible intersections are illustrated by the
FIGURE ARC INTERSECT command in Section
3.6.
Other
commands
where
unwanted possible intersections can occur are as follows:
STATIONS
POINTS

AND

OFFSETS

ON ALIGNMENT

LOCATE FROM ALIGNMENT
ALIGNMENT OFFSET
FIGURE

MTATIDITD

LINE

FIGURE

ARC

FIGURE

STREETS

TATTY

TAITMDIDIO
YN

INTERSECT

INTERSECT
INTERSECT

INTERSECT

DESCRIBE

ALIGNMENT AZIMUTHS

DESCRIBE

ALIGNMENT

BEARINGS

CHAPTER

COGO COMMANDS

A command consists of a command field followed, in general, by a
data
field.
A
command
field
<contains
the
name
of
a
command,
an
abbreviation of that name, or a numeric code.
A data
field
contains
data to be processed.
The control commands are the only commands that
any data.

do not require

The

rules

for

The
of

abbreviating

first letter
the

command

a one-word

command

the abbreviation must be

Each of
command

the letters
name in the

The abbreviation must be unique
derived

from

are:

the

first

letter

name.

name

any

in the abbreviation must
same order.

other

appear

in the sense that

command

name.

1in

the

cannot

The rules for abbreviating a command name consisting of more than
one
word are similar--rules 1 and 2 apply to the abbreviation of each word
in the command name, rule 3 applies to the command name
as
a
whole,
and
at
least
one
space
or
exactly
one slash must be between the
abbreviation of each word in the command name.

A command name or its abbreviation can start in any column of an input
record.
At
least
one space must separate adjacent data in the data
field.
No space is required between the command name
and
the
first
datum.
If a series of consecutive input records uses the same command
name, the name need not be repeated.
The name or an abbreviation must
appear
1in
the first record.
This capability is called the automatic
ditto

feature.

An asterisk in column 1 of an input
record
causes
the
contents
of
columns 2 to 67, inclusive, to be included in the output as a comment.
If both columns 1 and 2 contain
an
asterisk,
then
the
comment
1is
printed
at
the
top of a new page.
A comment can follow an asterisk
placed after the last datum on any input record that is not
continued
onto another card.
An asterisk in column 1 or in columns 1 and 2 does
not nullify the automatic ditto feature.
A blank input record can be included in an input file to
lines
to
appear
in the output.
This does not nullify
ditto feature.

cause
Dblank
the automatic

COGO

COMMANDS

In
this
chapter,
the
following
descriptions and in diagrams:

abbreviations

Notation

used

data

Meaning

ang
arc

Angle
Distance

az
br
cid
d
def

Azimuth
Bearing
Curve identification
Linear distance
Deflection

arc

Points to be computed (c = center
of
a
circle)
Offsets (fg = figure)
Known points (c = center of a circle)
Known
point
used
to
pick
desired
intersection
Radius of circle
Station (p=known and n=unknown)

other

data

corresponding

names

command.

are

defined

1in

stored

Number

r
s,ps,ns

along

fgn

off,offl,offfg

measured

n,nl,nc

p,pl,pc
pi

All

are

the

figure

description

the

COGO COMMANDS

3.1

CONTROL COMMANDS

commands
These
run.
a COGO
Control commands control the flow of
a particular job, the input and output
for
specify the COGO table
devices, the beginning and end of a job, and the end of a run.

START OF JOB

[/name]

It resets
job.
This command should be the first record in any COGO
selects the proper coordinate table, and heads the
indicators,
all
1is used,
If the switch /name
first page with the comment heading.

If
COGO opens a permanent file for the COGO table called name.CGT.
this switch is omitted, COGO opens a temporary file for the COGO table
called COGTAB.TMP.
Example:

START OF JOB /SURVEY

END OF

* Opens a tile named SURVEY.CGT

JOB

job

This command should be the last statement in every COGO

that

It updates the COGO table, types the
run.
a
in
job
1last
the
not
a
expects
it
resumed,
is
If COGO
message END OF JOB, and pauses.
control command to be entered at a terminal.

END OF

RUN

that COGO
This command is identical to the END OF JOB command except
This command should be the
is terminated after an END OF RUN command.
last statement in the last job in a run.

SET ERROR LIMIT num

This command sets the number of errors that are allowed before the job
is

aborted.

The default number is 100.

NUM is the number of errors

allowed.
Example:

SET ERROR LIMIT 20

SET OUTPUT

* Sets maximum errors to 20.

LPT:

This command changes the output device for printed output to the

1line

printer.

SET OUTPUT

TTY:

This command changes the output
user's terminal.

device

for

printed

output

the

COGO COMMANDS

SET OUTPUT

DSK:

This command
for output.

[/name.ext]

specifies
If

that

name.ext

COGO.DSK.

CAUTION:

results

Specification

overwriting

of
the

disk

file called
specified, then

name.ext
COGO

will

defaults

the

same
name.ext
within
file's previous contents.

the

be
to

used
a

file

same

run

Example:

This

SET OUTPUT

DSK:

command

changes

MONTCO.OUT.

/MONTCO.OUT
the

output

device

disk

file

called

COGO COMMANDS

3.2

MAINTAINING

POINTS

Points are maintained
provide the user with

AND

FIGURES

by direct input and deletion.
the ability to transfer figures

FIGURE
commands
from one storage

medium to another, for
example,
input
terminal
to
table.
FIGURE
commands
deal
only
with
the
figure description and do not use the
coordinates of the points that
the
figure
may
specify.
The
user
should
keep
in
mind
that a figure can describe not only a group of
points

but
list of
thought

a
be

STORE

Store

also

a group of figures.
1In fact, a figure
numbers and delimiters and in the following
of as such.

nor

is no more than
commands should

eas

as point

number

the

coordinates

nor

feet

north

and

eas

point

east.

Output:

Coordinates

point

feet

Example:
STORE

8
8

5313.

REDEFINE

Use

the

4993,

present

coordinates

known

point

to define

Example:
REDEFINE

PUNCH COORDINATES

desc

The coordinates specified in desc are copied
FOR20.DAT.
Undefined
points are omitted.
of

STORE

FUNCH
PCH

commands,

COORDINATES

COOR

(1)

PUNCH COR

PUNCH

COOR

which

1-30

can

later

used

S50

points

*Punch

point

*Punch

file
named
in the form

input.

*Punch

*Punch the
*specified
1

to an output
The output is

through

points
by figure

points

and

1
50

COGO COMMANDS

DELETE COORDINATES

desc

If an attempt
This command deletes the coordinates specified in desc.
any of the deleted coordinates, an UNDEFINED POINT
use
to
is made
error message is printed.
Examples:

STORE FIGURE S5

(7 12 3)

DELETE COORD (5)

*Delete coordinates of

*point

*Delete the coordinates of

DELETE COORD S

*figure
*and

DELETE COORDS (10 20 30)

(points

12,

*Delete coordinates 10,
*20,

and

DELETE COORDS 10 20 30

*Same as above

DEL COORDS 1-9999

*Delete all coordinates

STORE FIGURE

fgn desc

Store in the figure table, as figure fgn,

the description

desc.

The

The numbers in the
to 9999.
1
range
in the
fgn must be
figure
of a
description (not the coordinates) are stored in the figure area
The description can be continued on the following input
COGO table.
new
the
1If figure fgn was previously defined,
records if desired.
A figure can be used to specify
description will replace the old one.
a base line, property line, or any group of points or numbers.

numbers pl
If a figure, or portion of a figure, is made up of all
through p2, the numbers can be listed or pl and p2 separated by - will
two commands
For example, the following
automatically fill them in.

do the same thing:

STORE FIGURE 8 ( 34 18 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 25 39 38 37 36
35

34)

STORE FIGURE 8 (

34 18 3 - 6 8-12 25 39-34

)

If another figure number is entered as desc, then figure fgn is stored
For instance, in the
of the figure entered as desc.
as a duplicate
following command,

figure 60

is identical to figure 8:

STORE FIGURE 60 8

To indicate in a STORE FIGURE command that two points are connected by
a circular curve rather than a straight line, the two points should be
of
(center
the CC
of
separated by the letter C, the point number
curvature), and the letter L or R to indicate left or right.
Example:

STORE FIGURE 1 ¢ 25 26 27 28 C29R 30 31 31 C 75 L 33 8 9 15
25)

STORE FIGURE I (25-C29R-32 C75L 33 8 9 13 23 )

COGO

desc

PUNCH FIGURES
The

figures

COMMANDS

specified

are

written

Undefined figures are not punched.
FIGURE commands, which can be used

the

output

file

named

The output is in
as input later.

the

FOR20.DAT.

form of

STORE

Examples:

FUNCH FIGS

*Punch figures 1 and 3

(10

10)

*Punch

(1-20

FUNCH

FIGURES

600-630)

figure

twice

*Punch figures
1
through
*20 and 600 through 650

*Punch

the

*numbers

figures

appear

whose

figure

*77

FUNCH

FLIOGURE

DELETE

FIGURES

This command
table.
If

(/7))

*punch

figure

desc

deletes the
an
attempt

UNDEFINED FIGURE

error

figures
is made

message

specified
to use any
is printed.

in
desc
from
the
COGO
of the deleted figures, an

Examples:
DELETE

STORE

DELETE

FIGURE

(35)

FIGURES

(1-20)
&

*Delete
*Delete

figure 5
the figures

whose

*numbers

*5
DELETE

FIGURES

(1-20)

appear in figure
(figures 1 through 20)

*Delete
*20

figures

through

COGO COMMANDS

This page

intentionally left

blank.

COGO

3.3

COORDINATE

COMMANDS

LOCATIONS

The following commands provide for
geometric
<calculations
that
are
composed
of combinations of line extensions and intersections.
Users
can accomplish the
same
function
by
using
combinations
of
other
commands.
However,
these
commands
often
provide
a
more
direct
solution.

TANGENT

pcl

pc2

[sign

ext]

Find the tangent to two circles by locating the point of
tangency
nl
on the circle with center pcl and radius rl, and the point of tangency
n2 on the circle with center pc2 and radius
r2.
The
larger
circle
must
be
entered
first.
The
variables
sign
and
ext are used to
indicate which of the four possible tangents
1is
described.
If
the
tangent
connecting
the
two
<circles
1leaves
the
first circle in a
clockwise direction, as shown in the figure below, sign should
be
1.
Otherwise,
it should be -1.
Stated differently, the variable sign is
1 when the angle formed by the extension of the
1line
connecting
the
two
centers
and
the
extension of the tangent is clockwise measured
from the connecting line.
The argument sign is -1 when the
angle
is
counterclockwise.
When
an
external tangent is being described, ext
should be 1;
for a cross or internal tangent, ext should be -1.

EXTERNAL
TANGENT

—

CLOCKWISE

COUNTER /

CLOCKWISE

L CROSS-TANGENT

The arguments sign and ext are optional.
If they are not entered, the
larger
circle
need
not
be
entered
first.
The user describes the
desired tangent as follows:
when looking from the center of the first
circle
toward
the
<center
of
the
second
circle,
1if the point of
tangency is on the left, the radius of the circle or circles should be
entered as negative;
otherwise, they should be entered as positive.
Output:

Coordinates of nl
nl

and

n2,

and

the

and

n2,

azimuth of

distance

from

the
to

n2.

tangent

connecting

COGO COMMANDS

for TANGENT:

Example 1
DELETE
STORE

COORDINATES
1

200

1-100

100

1
2

200

300
2

TANGENT

-850

-2%

249,46078

106.2500

224.8039

303.1250
s
P7-10-50
WAVE

246, 3512

118.75G0

{)

1. /&x\ ¢ 8 ;’4 4

2906250

FROM

153.6488

118.7500

223.1756

290,6250
10

150.,3922

106.2500

175.1961

303.1250

FROM

198.43132

185.4050

]

FROM

“?

58 325

8249~

?e3

18%5.4050

198.4313

COGO COMMANDS

Example
DELETE

for

TANGENT

COORDINATES

TANGENT

alternate

form

data

input:

3-10

224.8039

303.1250

249,4078

106.2500

FROM
[

with

277-10-50,7

198.4313

292

1275

185.40%50

Q4750325

18%
. 4050

176.8244

290.6250

246.3512

118.7500

FROM

2AXNT756

290.6250

153.46488

1187500

FROM

T0)

iy
1751961

303.125%0

1303922

LO& 2500

F M

198.4313

COGO COMMANDS

Example 3 for TANGENT with alternate form of data input:
DELETE

COORDINATES

DELETE

FIGURES

1000

200

400

200

STORE

200, 2 1 100.
397 .2027

7 &

TANGENY
7

383,3333

298.46013

100,

200,

-1

P00.0000

286 .6025

450,0000

106,

200,

200

. HEEY
VEbh

101.3987

383,3333

-1

100,

3732051

260-24-21.4

591.,6080

300~ 0O~ 0.0

HI9.6152

279-35-38. 6

591 .6080

240~ 0O 0,0

H19.6152

00,0000

450.,0000

113.397%

2DTO73

FROM
1o

26,7949

FROM
WG

FROM
8

1
PELHLHEET

-1

FROM

n pl p2 p3

TANGENT OFFSET

intersecting
by
n
Find the point
1line connecting p2 and p3 with
the
the perpendicular offset from pl.

Coordinates of n, distance

Output:

from p2 to n, and distance
from n to pl.

Example:

STORE

1-10

COORDINATES

DELETE
2

100

500

600

400

150
1

TANGENT

100

OFFSET

241.,44634

276.8293

FROM

710

226.4520 FT.

FROM

203.,0259 FT.

3-12

LEFT

COGO COMMANDS

radius
of
Fit a circular curve
to the lines from pl to
tangent
points
The
and from p2 to p3.
points
two
the
are
n2
and
may
r
radius
The
tangency.
omitted if pl = nl or p3 = n2.

Coordinates of nl,

Output:

nc,

r
p2
nl

of
be

and

n2.

FIT CURVE:

for

Example 1
DELETE

(r]

pl p2 p3 nl nc n2

FIT CURVE

COORDINATES

STORE

200

2400

200

400

1-100

200

1
2
500

FALT [IU!‘.‘(UEL 123 85 6 7 100,

MAVLIME

338.1966

200.0000

338,19664

300.0000

427 6393

QEHYG,2786

o b

200.0000

269.0983

Example 2 for a FIT CURVE with radius unknown:
FIT

CURVE

269.0983

200.0000

269.0983

411.8034

458.5410

317.0820

8
)

SIMPLE CURVE
This

cid pb ptc ntt nct dc cang sign

command

circular

requires

the

following

information

about

simple

curve:

cid

Curve

identification number.

A predefined point anywhere on the back tangent.

ptc

tangent
from
The predefined point of transition
curve.
The curvature starts at this point.

ntt

The new point number assigned to the intersection

uniquely defines

the back

a curve.

tangent and

the

ahead

A number

tangent.

(0-999)

that

COGO

nct

The

new
point
number
assigned
to
transition
between curve and tangent.
ends at this point.

The

cang

The

sign

Equals

Output:

the

The

point
of
curvature

degree of curvature of the curve.
The angle,
in
decimal degrees, that subtends a 100-foot arc.
For a
circular arc, dc = 100*180/(3.14*r), where r
1is
the
radius of the arc.

cid,
to

COMMANDS

central

angle

for

coordinates of

tt),

arc

length,

the

curve.

clockwise

tc,

tt,

back

curve

and ct,

and

-1

tangent

forward

otherwise.

length

(from

azimuths.

NOTE

SIMPLE

CURVE

commands.
STATION

FROM

a
curve
command
SIMPLE

DIVIDE LINE

must

The

COORD,

entered
and
not

CURVE

div

used

commands
and

by
on

command.

[nl]

Divide the line joining
the
known
points
pl
and
p2
into div equal
parts.
If
nl
1is
omitted,
the
intermediate
points
are
assigned
the numbers
pl+l,...,
pl+(div-1).
If
nl is entered, the intermediate
points are
given
the
values
nl,
nl+l,...,
nl+(div-2).
Since point
numbers are
assigned
successively
from
pl
when nl is omitted, users
must
exercise
care
to
avoid
destroying known points.
Output:

Coordinates of each
intermediate point.

DIVIDE ARC

div

[nl]

Divide the clockwise arc from pl to
p2
around
the known center of the
circle pc into div equal parts.
1If
nl
is
omitted,
the
div-1
intermediate
points
are
assigned
the
numbers
pl+l,
pl+2,...,pl+(div-1).
If
nl
is
entered,
then
the
intermediate
points are given the point
numbers
nl,

nl+l,...,

nl+(div-2).

When

is omitted, care must be
taken
avoid destroying known points.

independently

COORD

OFFSET

POA,

ALIGN

any

other

COORD OFFSET,

must

used

the ALIGNMENT or DEFINE
a
curve
entered
by

CURVE
the

COGO COMMANDS

Coordinates at each
intermediate point.

Output:

Examples for DIVIDE LINE and DIVIDE ARC:
0

HTORE

135

1000
20

1000
30

DIVIDE

LINE

17
DrvineE

Aarc

33,3333

~(.0000

HhLH 6657

~(.0000

159

PRI.B795

382.6834

707.1068

382.46834

P23.8795

DIVIDE FIGURE

desc div nl

Divide the figure described by desc
The div-l1
parts.
equal
div
into
assigned
are
points
intermediate
nl+l, ..., nl+
nl,
numbers
point
be
must
care
Some
(div-2).
exercised in the selection of nl so
destroyed
that no known points are
intermediate
the
assigning
by
to
nl
points numbers ranging from
nl+(div-2).

Output:

Coordinates of each
intermediate point.

PARALLEL LINE

pl p2 off nl n2

define
Compute points nl and n2 to
a line parallel to the line joining
is
the known points pl and p2 that
distance off to the
offset
an
at
whether
left or right depending on
positive,
or
negative
is
off
respectively.

Output:

Coordinates of nl

n2
pl

and n2.

COGO COMMANDS

Examples
STORE
32

31
31

400

for
200

PARALLEL

LINE:

200

100

FARALLEL

LINE 31 32
31 32 130.

346

2E7.0820

334.1641

467 .0820

234.1641

-100,

150. 33
33 34

100,
37

PARALLEL

15%.2786

1105573

3E5.2786

10,5573

38
596.5248

189 .4427

444,7214

~34.1641

FIGURE

fgn

offfg

n1+2

Let k denote the number
of
points
in
the
figure fgn.
Then locate a
line parallel to the line described
by
the
figure
fgn
by
computing
points
nl,
nl+l,...,
nl+(k-1)
offset

distance

offfg.

new line will be inside or
outside
depending
on
whether
offfg
is
negative or positive, respectively.
The

not
same
Care

ni+1

The

n1+k—1

offfg ‘

centers

of circular curves
are
computed,
since
they are the
as those of
the
figure
£fgn.
must
be
exercised
in
the

selection of nl to
known
points
by

avoid destroying
assigning
point

numbers

nl+(k-1).

Output:

from

Coordinates of the points
in the parallel lines.

p1
nl

COGO

COMMANDS

Example:

DELETE
STORE

COORDINATES
11

982.8517

1-100
1140.9693

11
14

Q07,4955

1177.3215

14
23

1000.0000
23

1000.0000

1044.3302

1023.1214

24
2%

?80.3919

1181.721%

A wd

942,9598
26

1027.1821

1195.8224
1164,.0954

STORE

FIGURE

(23

C261L

C27L

24)

FARAGLLEL
30

10. 30
1339

EAVII
A B

8998 .462949

11726963

289 .7499

1178.1963

973.9806

1136.3441

10531963

1L027.7464

POL7 7322

10092505

PAL.227Y

L186.5720

PhHL .. 6758

1188.7720

1000.5839

1150.2197

10265980

1013.8710

-20.

STORE

FIGURE 1
YL

FIGURE

(30

G226l

C27K

34)

303

CR6L

C27R

STREETS

INTERSECT

fgl

fg2

ncls

nll

nlr

nrl

nrr

Locate the intersection of two streets, including PCs, CCs, and PTs
street
returns
with
radius r if r is positive, or only PLs, if r
zero.
The center line and width
of
the
streets
are
described

figure
fgl
and width wl for one, and figure fg2 and width w2
other, with their intersection being the one closest to
point
farthest if pi is negative.
ncls

Point

nll

Center
left

of
of

side

intersection
curve
of

both

the

return,

center

for
pi

the
or

the

lines.
intersection

streets.

nll+l

corresponding

return

(if

any)

street

nll+2

corresponding

return

(if

any)

street

3-17

of
is
by

COGO COMMANDS

nlr

Center of curve of
left

street

return or

and

right

PL of

intersection at

street

nlr+l

corresponding

return

(if any)

street

nlr+2

PT of

corresponding

return

(if

street

nrl

Center of curve of return

nrl+l

PC of corresponding

return

(if any)

on street 2.

nrl+2

PT of corresponding return

(if any)

on street 2.

nrr

Center of curve of return

nrr+l

PC of corresponding

return

(if any)

on street

nrr+2

PT of corresponding

return

(if any)

on street 2.

right of

right

street

both

and

left of

streets.

any)

street

intersection

The radius r can be entered as zero to indicate that the
is
not
to have returns.
The figures fgl and fg2 may be
edge of street by making wl and w2
zero,
respectively.
nll,
nlr, nrl, or nrr may be zero, thereby indicating no
corresponding sector.
PCs are considered to be on street
on
street
2.
The
argument
ncls
can also be zero to
intersection of the CLs is not to be stored.

This command also can be used for
property

line.

Output:

Coordinates of ncls;
nrl,

nrl+l,

street 1

nrl+2;

nll+l,

nrr+l,

nll+2;

nrr+2.

nlr,

intersection
specified as
The
points
operation in
1,

and
indicate

intersecting a right-of- way

nll,

nrr,

the

nlr+l,

PTs
the

with

nlr+2;

COGO COMMANDS

Example:

DELETE

1-100

COORIDINATES

1-10

DELETE FIGURES
STORE 1 O 1000
1

1000

100

”

ANGLE
12 3

LOCATE

100.0000

S00.0000

J350.0000

933.0127

(500+46000
500000

LA%52, 6279

500

~30,
4

-30,
I

600

20
&
=20,
7

STORE

500

90.

HA4%H.8111

Q&1
. 7433

444, 2919

B4
. X785

100

FIGURE

CoHR

STREET

STORE

250

700

&8
9

THO

1200
9

S5TORE

FLOGURE

G/l

40,

STREET

STYREETS

ITNTERSFCY
Cl

10
LL

80,

INTERSECTION
440 .4210

INTERSECTION

100.

2
AT

SEGMENTS

4732735

795.9943

483.6692

834.6198

444,9892

824.2784

INTERSECTION

SEGMENTS

294.8088

872.0881

31L3.34621

POV G250

323.,0931

843.8038

RLOINTERSECTION

SEGMENTS

609.0975

?31.8183

02,1516

BY2. 4260

H580.8133

60,1026

INTERSECTION

20
4

)

ANII

BeO
. 4210

SEGMENTS

412.6680

89,9472

394.4116

IH63

440, 9522

PEHL

HE2Y

ANI

ANID

)

COGO

This

page

COMMANDS

intentionally

left

blank.

COGO

3.4

ADJUST

The

following

compute

COMMANDS

commands

new

use

the

coordinates

present
the

same

using these commands to be
the
original
coordinates

sure

destroyed

computed

(replaced

the

"do

coordinates

Care

must

right

the

first

changed

the

point.

points

results)

during

commands.

CONVERT
Rotate

MERIDIAN
and

descl

translate

desc2

the

known

ang

point
taken

time",

to
when

since

command
execution
of

are
the

[scale]

coordinates

description

descl

with

the resulting coordinates corresponding to the point numbers listed in
description desc2.
Point pl is a point in the description descl,
and
point
p2
1is
the
corresponding
point with known coordinates in the
converted description desc2.
The rotation angle is ang.
Coordinates
in descl

are

Description

multiplied

desc2

must

descl.

When

the

with

first

point

the

descl

The

have

CONVERT

been

end

the

have
of

optional

as many

either

that

argument

figure

and

can

used

scale.

points
reached,

procedes

than

the

until

description

list

all

continues

the

points

converted.

MERIDIAN

command

change

the

coordinate

axes

orgin
and
azimuth
from a known
reference.
Dimension conversions
optional argument scale.

arbitrary reference to any specified
can
also
be
made
by
using
the

Output:

Coordinates

each

point

desc2.

ang

desc1

Example

STORE

for

FLGURE

CONVERT MERIDIAN:

(500-502)

(888

STORE

700

750

888

3
700

25000

700
24962,6178

H0O

750
1000

888

G500
219210.,4065

30000

30033,20%0

500
29821.1900

888

LOCATE

BEARING

501

BO1

G502

S00

H01

LALOO . G000

H4%

N&AQ

200.0

HA%.20010

1064.6447

208.,.59404

desc2

COGO COMMANDS

REARIMNGS

INVERSE

HOO

HOD

S02

FROM

700 3-23-11.,9

CONVERT MERIDIAN 20 3 501

BEARINGS

888

24910.4065

29821.1900

200

25000 .000(

JI0000.0000

750

24962.6178

30033.2050

888

24910.4065

29821.1900

.9
FeR2F-11
0,100000000E4+01

=
=

$3-23-11.9

200.0000

8 41-36-48.1

50.0000

8 76~ 9-55.7 W

218.3492

0.,11087303 ACRES

. 630 SRFT.=
4829

ARE A=

37832.1412

S50-49-17.0

SHIFT

CONVERSTION ANGLE
SCALE FACTOR
AREA

218.3492

5 72-446-43,8 W

500

Example 2 for CONVERT MERIDIAN using closure
adjoining deed descriptions:

parcel

from

COORDINATES

CELETE

121

STORE

$000

000

LOCATE REARING 1 2 853 0 0F 52.9%1

COH042.,2880

49468.1333

20X 546 L& HOE 2.0

4950.,85%51

¥ OSECONG SIDE» FROM DEED A

XA GE8 45 30W 95,304

4876 .4987

S060,.3569

¥ OTHIRD STIOEs FROM DEED A

420 N4V 1 30W 88,047
20 21 N4A3Z 54 0O0E 88.843
BEARINGS

211

(1-6

4935.0052

X FIFTH SIDE.

20 210

FROM DEED B

4996, 6091

¥ ERROKR OF CLOSURE REFORE CONVERSION

FROM

STORE FIGURE 85
&2

¥ FOURTH SIDEs FROM DEED K

4999 ,.9266

INVERSE

5000.6617

4235.9107

X FIRST SIDEy FROM DEED A

N 88-45-37.3 E

TO0

3.3917

¥ LOT ROUNDARY

2 SIDES FROM DEED R

CONVERT

MERTDIAN

42 85 4 4 G221 4 1

¥ ROTATE DEED B COURSES INTO DEED A

SHIFT =
CONVERSION ANGLE =
SCALE

FACTOR

O~ 0- 0.0
1-34-24,9

0.100000000E+01

0.0001

two

COGO COMMANDS

BEARIMGE

LAsT

COURSE

FRROR

GOQ0 . Q000

GGO00 . Q000

A4P468

1333

S042, 2885

AR50, BBE L

GQED . BEGY

4876 . 4987

AO00EELT

APA7 L HPLER

4934

AHH1E

4ERY . 9P

BOOG

0000

000, 0000

CLOSURE
H

0.0

H2.9510

Ho46-16-50,0

2EL 0000

88,5470

FG-45-F0.0

MoA&-17-

MoA4n-28-248

ADJUST AREA

20.2

88,8430
W

0.G088

G000 . Q000
AL

descl

3040

SQFT .=

Qe LP722223

AURES

[desc2]

Adjust

the area described by descl to be ar square
feet.
Make
the
adjustment
in
the
sides
pl
through
p2.
The points p3 and p4 are
additional parameters needed by some methods.
The points described in

desc2, although not part of descl, are moved in the same manner as the
points between pl and p2.
The first and the last point in the
figure
description
cannot
be
adjusted.
The
points
pl
and
p2
must be
specified in the same sequence used in the description descl.

Output:
Method

Initial

area and

final

area

expressed

square

feet.

Rotate the sides between pl
defined point.
Method 1 is

and p2
called

about point p3, where p3
by entering p4 as zero.

can be

any

2:
Method.

Move
line
and

the sides between pl and p2 in
connecting
points pl and p2.

Method

zero.

direction
perpendicular
to
a
2 is called by entering p3

Method

Move the sides between pl and p2 in a direction
parallel
connecting
point
p3 to point p4, where p3 and p4 are not
on descl.

to
a
line
necessarily

COGO COMMANDS

Example 1 for ADJUST AREA method 1 with p3 not on descl:
10

UOERE FETOURE

10t

105 836 4 78 CL2R B2-54

172740

984430
PR

10T

BaRYL L 3700

S T o Te

b &
3
18468343100

4Oy

101

108

BBL2. 0700

17716700

10%G

(36

1EH00

1732.0300

234

7100

L1224

15T

THQD

FREVIOUS

VALUE

FOINT

HOOO 6617

4876 . 4987
4

L HA00
2RAPRP

A900

17912800

462UE2100
12

OELETE

STORE
53

COORDINATES

4298.6500

1750.0800

177876

632401230
33

1873.8300

6339 .4800

A8l é6§402600 1888.5600
781

210

H919.0900

18346.,7000

210

101

583%,3700

1863.3100

101

ANIUST

AREA

70000

ORIGINAL AREA=
FINAL AREA=
D0

834

260

HR2E9.062 SQ.FT.
70000.000 YQ.FT.

ORIGINAL
FLNAL

70000.,000
SHO00. 001

SQ.FT.
BRLFT,

WAS

781

210

100

COGO COMMANDS

Example
Mtk
T

for

ADJUST AREA method

COORUINATES

1%
GTORE

1120.02

423%0,
98

1
LUCatTE

aZIMUTH

243900

2
203

L19P-14-00
3

G027

2172800

51881175

274.87
1032.0102

FLP-27-00

S3020.9141

13F,02

1130.0044

INVERSE

3950

18408
1250.1765

4
4

231,17

1340.1241

493094616

AZIMUTHS
a0

STYORE

FTRURE

ALLIUST

(14

AREA
39

43560

ORIGINAL

ARFEA=

FP9224.455

SQ.FT.

FINAL

AREA:=

AXHLO
L, Q01

SQ.

Example

LDELETE
STORE

for

ADJUST

AREA method

COORDOINATES
FIGURE

-8

0
waend

STORE
2

10380.80

1
10600.51

10847.39

10994,38

10457,15

11232.16

3
10316.350

11888,02

4
9 Ol031E .43

1111478

1O2E7,08

1108451

é
LTOR0E.75

109286 464

OACAN0LLT

LOYE0..
00

8
ADJUST

AkEA

25100000

ORTGINAL

AREA

I29X46P.617

FINAL

AREA:=

1OOO0G.
001

SQFT,
SOFT
.

with

descl:

COGO COMMANDS

aREa

BEARTNGS

10580.8000

108473900

10600.5100

10%94.3300

LO0570.0793

11044,8531

10401.2406

11832.1587

10400.3706

11058.9187

10341 ,7906

11010,6487

10341,1422

10940.,8877

L0400.,6700

10950.8200

10580,8000

10847 .3900

100000.001

ARE A=

GRFT.=

148.,30546

S38-9

589389

775

805, 2059

773.2400

75,9053

;892

. 7639
69

€

298

21.3

HO L3507

~51,4

2077127

2, 295968412 ACRES

Example 4 for ADJUST AREA method 3 with p3 and p4 not on descl:
COORDINATES

MELETE

827
STORE
4993,

S3LF.

8
?

5355,

5032,

5000
25

LOCATE

5000

AZIMUTH

192-30-00

4954 ,.8853

34%5-20-00 194.350
4984 .,663 1

4905.6389

27
27

15-00-00

ARC

EXTEND

14
STORE

4970.3436

120.0
5074.5428

5168.9766

AZITMUTH

250,

5226.,1446

INTERSECT
14 13 1871000
HOR2. 473 3

FIGURE

803

(12

CR7r

374000

5063.466560

ALJUST

AREA

803

40000

803

BOZ

208.44

4796.5009

28-27

ORIGINAL

AREA=

339461.171

S5Q.FT.

FINAL

AREA=

40000.001

SQAFT.

28000

ORIGINAL

ARE A=

40000.001

5Q.FT.

FINAL

ARE A=

26000.00Q1

SRHFT

COGO COMMANDS

Example
DELETE

for

ADJUST AREA method

with p3

and p4

on descl:

COORDINATES

101105
STORE

FIGURE

999

(

103

104

102

101

103)

999
STORE

101

10000

101
102

9949

101460

102
103

9843.5

9972

103
104

9870

10132

104
105

9820

10180

10%
ALDJUST

aAakkd

999

192000

105

1028

103

105

ORTGINAL

ARE A=

QIBLY L0011

BQLFT.

FINAL

AREA:=

19000000

SR.FT.

LLoQo

102

103

100

ORLGINAL

AREA=

L2000
.. 000

HRAHT.

FINAL

AREA=

LEO00 000

8QALFT.

AZITMUTHES

103

P843 . 5000

YR72.0000

P27, 4854

101137444

104

YR77.4854

10065 .7468

102

P68 . 7344

10098.0881

101

10000.0000

1000Q.0000

103

9843.5000

RO72.0000

143.,6484
X1&4-10-

ARE A=

15000, 000

SQFT.e=

ADJUST TRAVERSE COMPASS desc
ADJUST TRAVERSE

CRANDALL desc

ADJUST TRAVERSE TRANSIT desc

nclos
nclos

nclos

8.9

59310

19~%0G-%57
.1

QL. E1TLO

274086
.9

LO2, 9500

190~

158.9851

8-37,2

0.344352462

accur

[nstr

accur

[nstr
[nstr

ACRES

brglst aerr]
brglst
brglst

aerr]
aerr]

point
in
the
Adjust the traverse described by desc closing the last
The traverse adjustment will not be
description
desc to point nclos.
made unless the error is less than 1.0 in accur.

The optional parameter nstr defines the point number at which to start
storing
the
adjusted traverse.
If nstr is omitted or is the same as
the first point in desc,
then
the
adjusted
traverse
overlays
the
original traverse.
If nstr is different from the first point in desc,
then COGO stores the adjusted traverse in
consecutive
point
numbers
beginning at point nstr.
The optional parameter brglst, when given,
the
last course of the traverse described
between brlst and the last course of desc
However, no angular adjustment is made.

indicates

the

by desc.
The
is
computed

bearing
angular

and

error

printed.

COGO COMMANDS

The optional
parameter
aerr
defines
the
maximum
allowable
between
brglst
and
the
last
course of desc.
1If the angular
exceeds this amount, no traverse adjustment is made.

error
error

Examples:

AD TR COMP

(1-7)

ADJ TR CRNDL

)
i
* Adjust the traverse defined by
* points 1-7 by the COMPASS
* method closing point 7 back
* to point 1.
An accuracy of
* 1.0 in 0 (unlimited) 1is
* allowable.
Store the adjusted
* traverse back in points 1-7.

22 10000 101 A 256 300

(1-4 8 7 12-15)

* Adjust
* by the

the defined traverse
CRANDALL method closing
* point 15 to point 22 if the
* accuracy is better than 1.0 in 10000.
* The last course in the traverse (14-15)
* should have the same bearing as a
* line between points 256 and 300.
* If this bearing is more than
* 1-DEG-00-min-00-SEC in error,
*

then

not

the

traverse.

* If traverse adjustment is made, store
* adjusted coordinates in successive
* point numbers starting at point 101.
* The adjusted traverse could be
* referred to as (101-110).

Three
methods
of
traverse
adjustment
are
provided.
A
description of each method and its use are given as follows:
**

COMPASS

brief

The COMPASS rule states that the
correction
to
be
applied
to
the
latitude/departure
of
any
course
1is
to
the
total
«correction in
latitude/departure as the length of the course is to the length of the
traverse.
This rule is based upon the following assumptions:
1.

The errors in traversing are accidental and, therefore,
vary
with
the square root of the length of the sides, thus making
the correction to each side proportional to its length.

The

effects

the

errors

the effects of errors

The compass rule
** CRANDALL

angular

measurement

are

equal

in chaining.

is the most commonly used method of adjustment.

(Also known as Method of Least Squares)

The CRANDALL rule assumes that accidental errors in linear measurement
are
likely to be greater than those in the measurement of angles, as,

for example, in stadia traversing, or even careful
tape
measurements
where
some of the systematic errors are rendered accidental in nature
by
reason
of
corrections
and
special
methods
applied
to
field
measurements.
This
solution
meets
the
desired
assumptions
and
distributes
The CRANDALL

the error of closure
rule

should

used

in the lengths of
if

you do

not want

the lines only.
changes

in angles.

COGO COMMANDS

TRANSIT

The TRANSIT rule states that the
correction
latitude/departure
of
any
course
is
to
latitude/departure as the latitude/departure
arithmetic

rule

sum

based

The

Angular

all

the

errors

the

course

the

traverse.

assumptions:

traversing

measurements

be
applied
to
the
total
«correction in

that

latitudes/departures

following

to
the

are

the
This

accidental.

precise

than

those

chaining.

The transit rule is merely a rule
of
thumb,
which
does
not
apply
successfully
to
many
cases.
In fact, it meets the assumptions upon
which it is based only to the extent that each side is parallel to one
or

the

other

coordinate

ADJUST ANGULAR

Adjust

ERROR

axes.

desc

the
last point

angular

error

The

nclos

cloaz

aerr

[grid

desc2]

the traverse described by desc closing the
direction of point nclos.
If the last point
in desc is the same as nclos, the unadjusted field closing azimuth
is
computed
from
the
next
to
the
1last
point in desc to nclos.
The
closing azimuth is compared to the record closing azimuth (from north)
cloaz.

desc

error

the

will

printed

out

and

the

raw

field

coordinates

of desc will be replaced with coordinates adjusted for angular closure
and
grid
factor.
If the correction per angle exceeds the allowable

amount of
execution
the

user's

the

total

aerr,
will

the
angular
be terminated

misclosure
unless the

terminal.

angular

The correction per
error by the number of

will
input

not
be
adjusted
and
device was specified as

angle is obtained by dividing
angles to be adjusted.

The optional parameter grid is a constant scale
factor
that
can
applied
to distances in the traverse to lengthen or shorten them.
grid is not specified, a factor of
1.0
is
automatically
used.
desc2 is used, grid must be specified.

The optional parameter desc2
along
the
traverse
where
turned.

be
If
If

is a figure containing the point
numbers
angles
that
are not to be adjusted were

NOTE

If the first course of the
traverse
is
also the beginning bearing (or azimuth),
then the first point
in
desc2
1is
the
beginning traverse point.

COGO COMMANDS

This page

intentionally left blank.

COGO COMMANDS

3.5

LOCATE

COMMANDS

The commands in this section are the simplest of
those
that
compute
points.
Each command provides a method for locating a single point by
extending a given line or curve a given distance.

#hKDRTH

__________

p n az 4

LOCATE AZIMUTH

Starting at
point
p,
1locate
the
point n that is at azimuth az and a
distance d.
'

Coordinates of n.

Output:

p
p n br

LOCATE BEARING

Starting

point

‘

locate

the

that is at bearing br and

at a distance d.

)

Coordinates of n.

Output:

Examples for LOCATE AZIMUTH and LOCATE BEARING:
DELETE

COORDINATES
Lo

STORE

10000

20000

LOCATE AZIMUTH 40 41 45-00-00 100,
41
10070.7107
20070,7107
41

&
42

D0-00L 100
10000,0000

A
43

20141.4214

100
9929 ,2893

20070.7107

LOCATE BEARING 43 44 4
44
10000.0000

45-00-00 100
20000.0000

50051

N4%
50

A41
51

OF 200
10141.4214

20141,4214

DAl 43
10000,0000

20141.4214

NISTANCE
51040

LOCATE ANGLE

FROM

pl p2 n ang d

Backsight on pl
while
at
p2
and
locate
n
at
distance d and angle

The angle ang can be negative
ang.
(counterclockwise)
or
positive
(clockwise)
.

Output:

Coordinates of

0.0000

FT,

pl
n

COGO COMMANDS

LOCATE

From

DEFLECTION

the

from

extension of

and

angle def.
The
can be negative
or positive (to
Output:

the

def

path

LINE

From pl,

the

locate
n
at a
negative value
point
n in the
from p2.

right).

p2,

,,”

distance 4.
A
of
d
1locates

direction

Coordinates

ARC

)def

deflection def
(to the
left)

in the direction

Output:

deflection

Coordinates.of

LOCATE

through p2, locate n

at distance d

EXTEND

-~
n

away

arc
P

Starting

from known

point

\\\

extend

the
arc
centered
at
known point pc in a
clockwise
direction
to locate a point n

at a distance
arc

from

for

arc

along

negative

located
counterclockwise from

Output:

Coordinates

Examples

for

EXTEND ARC,

value

in
p.

the

the distance arc causes

\arc
\

n.
LOCATE

ANGLE,

LINE:

Dl ETE

COOROINATES
L-100

STORE

200

600

1
H50

1200

400

50
EXTEND

ARC

200
GO

201

1570.8

POV

8000

1600.0000

201

STORES

200

199.9983

LOBS

=107.1081

%000

3
4

7700

HO0O0
4

LOCATE

ANGLE
8

920

7700.0000
0

290
G250.0000

300

3-32

LOCATE

DEFLECTION,

and

LOCATE

COGO COMMANDS

go00. 0000
&

8000, 0060

rrTATE

AU LAN

12
P08

- 0anh

00000

LO0

4929 .2a893

D00

S173.2051

7900.0000

O
I O

83100.0000

0000

HOPO0.7107

8070.7107

232
A

HOOQG

8070.7107

13
AE

G2H0.0000

S173,2051

]

7500, 0000

Q00,0000

8%00.0000

H5Q00.0000

Reduction of

Slope Distances

A slope distance can be entered instead of a
horizontal
distance
each
of
the locate commands if it is followed by the vertical angle.
horizontal,
The nearest multiple of 90 degrees is taken
angles measured from horizon, zenith, or nadir can be used.
formats of these commands become:
p

vang

ang

DIRECTION

P
pl
pl

def
sd

sd
sd

LINE

p2
p2

LOCATE

AZIMUTH

LOCATE

BEARING

LOCATE

ANGLE

LOCATE
LOCATE

Output:

Coordinates of

vang

Examples:

DELETE
STORE

COORDINATES
1

1-100

1
LOCATE

AZIMUTH

2
LOCATE

ANGLE

3
LUCATE

LOCATE

0-0-0

100

30-00-00

-0.0000

90-0-0

100

86,6025
L AINE

86,6025

/75-8-30

~PH. 6563

~Laoo

846.4602%
DEFLECTION

FREVIOUS

P6.6563
4

VALUE

FOINT

100

86,6025

PhHHTEHS

~30.0000

~530.0000

vang
vang

WAS

COGO COMMANDS

This page

intentionally

left

blank.

COGO COMMANDS

3.6

INTERSECT COMMANDS

These

commands

compute

the

intersections

two

lines,

1line

and

curve,
two
curves, a line and a figure, a curve and a figure, or two
figures.
Each time one of these commands is executed, a single
point
is defined (the point of intersection).
1If more than one intersection
is possible, as in the case of intersecting a line and a
curve,
COGO
computes
all
possible
intersections
and
the
distance
from
each
possible
intersection
to
a
point
specified
by
the
wuser.
The
intersection found closest to or farthest from that point is chosen as

the point of intersection.
Optimal
or
negative.
A
positive
offset
direction;
a negative offset is to
In

this

assume

section,

that

offset distances can
be
positive
1is
to
the
right
in
a forward
the left in a forward direction.

the

commands that work with straight lines
straight line segments extend to infinity.

all

should be kept in mind whenever any of these
because unexpected intersections may result.

POINTS

Find
line

INTERSECT

the point n
through p3

intersection is
optional offset
Output:

[offl

commands

figures
This fact

being

used,

off2]

by intersecting the line through pl and p2
with
the
and p4.
A warning message is printed if the angle of

less than 6
distances.

Coordinates

degrees.

The distances offl

and

off2

are

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT

azl

az2

[offl

off2]

BEARING

INTERSECT

brl

br2

[offl

off2]

Find the point n by intersecting the line through point pl at
azimuth
azl
or
bearing
brl with the line through point p2 at azimuth az2 or
bearing br2, respectively.
A warning message is printed
if the
angle
of
intersection
1is less than 6 degrees.
The distances offl and off2
are optional offset distances.

OQutput:

Coordinates

COGO COMMANDS

az?2

br1

br2

Examples

for

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT,

BEARING

INTERSECT,

and

POINTS

INTERSECT:

OELETE COORDINATES
STORE 1 3000 3000

1-100

5000

4500
3

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT

3
BEARING

INTERSECT

4
FOINTS

30.1

6248,2124
4

S238.5472
INTERSECT

30.0

H220.6558
W

N&Q

AR LE L L7GY
%3

S000.0000

4840,5296

POINTS AZIMUTH INTERSECT

n pl p2 p3 az3

[offl off2]

POINTS BEARING INTERSECT

n pl p2 p3 br3

[offl off2]

Find the point n by intersecting

line

from

off2 are optional
Output:

the line through pl

at azimuth az3 or bearing br3.
offsets.

Coordinates of

and

with

The distances offl and

COGO COMMANDS

az3

br3

Examples

FOINTS

for

AZIMUTH

&
FOINTS

POINTS AZIMUTH

INTERSECT and

INTERSECT

G607 . 38691

INTERSECT n j

FORESECTION n

angl

INTERSECT:

454,

H107.,34691

BEARING INTERSECT
3754,7833

ANGLES

POINTS BEARING

angl

3 3 445W
ATFI? 2267

k ang2

-400

[offl off2]

The ANGLES INTERSECT, or FORESECTION, command is used to locate
point
n
by intersecting a line defined by turning angle angl from base-line
point j to point n with a line defined
by
turning
angle
ang2
from
base-line point k to point n.
The optional offset distances, offl and
off2 are from line j n and k n, respectively.
Output:

Coordinates of

the point n.

off2 I

COGO COMMANDS

Examples:
100

100

STORE

E5E0

L00

890 250
30

1000

ANGLES INTERSECT S50 &0
50
347.8091
29

Bb&-2F-4

FORESECTTION

100
P&

D20

PO-0-0

4746, 3155

100

20 75.00
911,1946

248,4199

50-0-0

1067.28%91

145.0

25,00

15-0-0

5646.5850

34.98

407
. 6164

410,1930

ARC

LINE AZIMUTH

n pc

[0off]

ARC

LINE

n pc

[off]

BEARING

Find the point n by intersecting the
circle
centered
at
pc
having
radius
r
with
the line through point p at azimuth az or bearing br.
The point of intersection
is
closer
that
to
or
farther
from
pi
is
depending
on
whether
pi
positive or negative, respectively, is
picked as the desired intersection.
A warning message is
printed
if
the
intersection
angle
is less than 6 degrees.
The distance off is
the optional offset distance from the line through p.
Output:

Coordinates

3-38

COGO COMMANDS

ARC LINE POINTS

n pc

r pl p2 pi

[off]

Find the point n by intersecting
the
<circle
centered
at
point
pc
having
radius
r
with
the line through pl and p2.
The intersection
that is picked as the desired point of intersection is the one
<closer
to or farther from the point pi depending on whether pi is positive or
negative, respectively.
The
distance
off
1is
the
optional
offset
distance.

Output:

Coordinates of n.

ARC ARC

INTERSECT

n pcl

rl pc2

r2 pi

Find the point n by intersecting the circle centered at pcl and having
radius
rl
with the circle centered at pc2 and having radius r2.
The

desired intersection is the one closer to or
farther
from
point
pi
depending
on
whether
pi
is
positive or negative, respectively.
A
warning message is printed if the angle of intersection is less than 6
degrees.

Coordinates of n.

Output:

COGO COMMANDS

Examples for ARC LINE AZIMUTH, ARC LINE BEARING, ARC LINE POINTS,

ARC ARC

STORE
200

900

ARG

ARC

LINE

LINE
16

BEARING 16 10
1448.8887

LINE

FOINTS

ARG
18

1500

H68. 1270

FIGURE LINE INTERSECT

£5., 46453

319 . 6320

INTERSECT

NI1GE

38,2286

1000

-20.

1200.,0000

0000

P00

1506

1¢

AZ1MUTH

ARD

and

INTERSECT:

135

500

1342.9841

n fgn p az pi

[offfq off]

Find the point n by intersecting the line described by figure fgn with
a
line
through
point
p at azimuth az.
The intersection is the one
closer to or farther from the point pi
depending
on
whether
pi
|is
positive or negative, respectively.
The intersection can be made with
a line parallel to figure fgn by specifying the offset distance offfg.
intersection can be made with a line parallel to the line through
The

point p by specifying the offset distance off.
The user
should
keep
in mind that both ends of both the line and figure extend to infinity.
Output:

Coordinates of n.

COGO COMMANDS

FIGURE ARC INTERSECT

n fgn pc r pi

[offfq]

Find the point n by intersecting the line described by figure fgn with
the
circle having center at pc and:radius r.
The intersection is the
one closer to or farther from the point pi depending on whether pi
1is
positive or negative.
Users should keep in mind that both ends of the
figure extend to infinity.

Output:

Coordinates of n.

N —f -_ —'—'/ possibie
intersection

possible

\ intersection
\

COGO COMMANDS

FIGURE

INTERSECT

fgl

fg2

[offfgl

offfg2]

Find the point n by intersecting the line described by figure fgl with
the
1line described by figure fg2.
The intersection is the one closer
to or farther from the point pi depending on whether pi is positive or
negative.
The intersection can be made with a line parallel to figure
fgl by specifying the offset distance offfgl
and
also
with
a
1line

parallel

Users

should

figure

keep

£g2

mind

that

infinity.

Output:

Coordinates

specifying

both

ends

the

offset

both

distance

fiqures

\n/———
X

w0\

offfg2.

extend

COGO COMMANDS

Examples for FIGURE
INTERSECT:

LINE

INTERSECT,

FIGURE ARC

INTERSECT,

and

FIGURE

DELETE

FIGURES

DELETE

COORDINATES

199
19999

FIGURE

STORE

(1-4)

1
STORE

1
100

80O

400

3 800 500
300

400

300

&G0

)
P

SHIFT
CONVERSION ANGLE
SCALE FACTOR
SN E s e g, sea e 2o e

INTERSECTION
i
4

FIGURE

ARD O IMNTEREECT

INTERSECTION IS
800,0000

FIGURE

INTERSECT
573.0000

13%- 0~ 0.0
270~ 0- 0.0
0.100000000E4+01

707.10468

)

SEGMENT

200.0000

INTERSECTION
13

’

J00, 0000

CUOURE

=
=

R00.

SEGMENT
653, 5898

100,

IS AT SEGMENTS
800.0000

3-43

4 AND

FIGURE

COGO

This

page

COMMANDS

intentionally

left

blank.

COGO COMMANDS

3.7

ALIGNMENT COMMANDS

The commands in this section provide the capability of working with an
entire
alignment (including any number of straight lines and circular
curves).
In each of the commands the alignment is
specified
by
the
first three

items of data.

the
The first item is the figure number or description to be used as
The alignment must be described in ascending order of
alignment.
stations, (for example, the second point in the description must have
1If this is not true,
a higher station than the first, and so forth).
by the letter
followed
be
should
description
or
then the figure number
T indicating that the description is the transposed description of the
one specified.

The second item is the point number used
This may be any point.

define

the

stationing.

The third item is the station of the point defined in the second item.
tangent
a
These commands consider the alignment to be extended along
of each end when stations are outside the range of the alignment as
specified.

STATIONS AND OFFSETS

descl p ps desc?2

alignment
This command computes and prints the station and offsets to
descl whose stationing is defined by point p, which has known station
The station and offset of each point of desc2 are computed.
ps.
Examples:

STAS AND OFFS

1000

(5)
*Print the station and offset
*to the alignment
from
2 of
to
1
*point
of
station
(The
*point 5.
*point 1 is 1000.)

STORE FIGURE 465 (70 75 C3R-9)
STORE FIGURE 8 (200-250)
STATION AND OFFSETS 465 32 1423.6

*Print the station and offset
*to the alignment described
*in figure 456,
*whose stationing is defined by
*point 32 having station
*1423.6, of each point in
*figure 8.

STATIONS AND OFFS

465

1423.6

(490

*print the stations and
*off-sets to the same alignment
*as above of points 490 and 2.

COGO

DELETE

COORDINATES

DELETE

FIGURES

COMMANDS

199

STORE

1000

400

600
2

973G

7350
J

STATIONS

AND
SEG

OFFSETS

(1
2

1 1000 (5)
FNT»STAyOFF

POINTS ON ALIGNMENT desc p psl

[

13446.6877

off

ps2

69.3376

ps3]

This

command computes points at fixed intervals
along
an
alignment.
The alignment is specified by figure number or description descl.
The
stationing is specified by point p (any point with known station)
and
psl (the station of point p).
Points are computed along the alignment
at each position that has a station that is evenly
divisible
by
the
station
interval
d
(feet)
and
optional
offset off.
The computed
points are stored
and
so
forth.
points

falls

should
between

the

table as point
information

Optional

numbers nl, nl+l..., nl+2,...,
can be entered to specify that

computed only on that portion of
stations ps2 and ps3.

the

alignment

NOTE

Choose

carefully

that

known

points
are
destroyed by the assignment
of point numbers nl, nl+l, etc.
to
the
computed points.

Output:

Coordinates

the

intermediate

points.

Examples:
STORE

FIGURE

(1-3)
1

FOINTS ON
11

ALIGNMENT (1
961.1535

1000 100,
?74.1024

11
SEG

STA

700,

877.9485

?18.6323

SEG

STA

800,

794.7435

863.1623

SEG

STA

?00.

711.5385

807.6923

SEG

STA

1060,

628.3334

752.2223

SEG

STA

1100.

3545,1284

6967523

SEG

STA

1200,

461.9234

641.2822

SEG

STA

1300,

3-46

that

COGO COMMANDS

LOCATE FROM ALIGNMENT

desc p psl n ps2

[off]

The alignment is specified by figure number, or description desc
with
stationing
defined by point p having station psl.
Point n is located
from the alignment at station ps2 and optional offset off.
Coordinates of n.

Output:
Examples:

FIGURE

STORE

1-8

FIGURES

LELETE

FROM

LOCATE

ALTONMENT
11 0o1e 1573

86D

QL2 .7457

118

desc pl psl n ps2

ALIGNMENT OFFSET

offset

This command is used to locate a point on an alignment from an

The alignment is specified by figure number or description
point.
Point n
desc with stationing defined by point pl having station psl.
is

1located on the alignment by drawing a perpendicular from point ps2

to the alignment.

Coordinates of n.

Output:

FIGURES

OELETE
STORE
4

800

1400

400

100
4

800

&00
&

STORE

FIGURE

Cal

1(3

AL ITGNMENT

OFFSET

1000.

SEG

1000.0000

FNT»STAyOFF

F53.5534

1000.0000

DESCRIBE ALIGNMENT AZIMUTHS

desc pl psl

[pol ps2 ps3]

DESCRIBE ALIGNMENT BEARINGS

desc pl psl

[pol ps2 ps3]

Describe the alignment specified by figure number or description desc.
its station psl.
is specified by point pl and
The stationing
Coordinates and stations of all PI's, PC's, PT's, coordinates of CC'S,

azimuths

'bearings

of all tangents, and deflection angles at PI's

tangent
Curve data for curves (radius, degree,
are listed.
external, arc length, and so forth) are also listed.

If pol is not zero, compute and

coordinates

and

every point that has a station evenly divisible by pol.

station

If stations ps2 and ps3 are specified, describe only the part

alignment between stations ps2 and ps3.
3-47

lengths,

for
the

COGO COMMANDS

Example

for

OQESCRIBE

ALIGNMENT AZIMUTHS
1400.0000

DESCRIBE

ALIGNMENT AZIMUTHS:

1 1000
600,0000

434,31446
135~

1000.0000

800.0000

600.0000

DEGREE=

14-19-26,2

1000.0001
RAL=

400,0000

14699.4946

600.0000

0.0

161~33-54,2
33326~

5.8

243-26~

5,8

90~

400.0000

2699.4966

0.0

141-20-24,7
308-39-35.3

100.0000

3339.8090

1400.0000

600.,0000

=65, 6855

8500

135~
P

1000.0000

800.0000

600.0000

IEGREE=

14-19-26.2

400.0000

S00,0000

RAD=

400,0000

1699 .4986

400.0000

0.0

161~-33-54,2

2199.49646

33326~

5.8

24326~

5.8

141-20-24,7

800.0000

308-39-35.3

8006.0000

Example

for

DESCRIEBE

ALTGNMENT

ALIGNMENT

BEARINGS

1400.,0000

2839.8090

BEARINGS:

1000

600.0000

434,3146

1000.0000

1000.0001

1000.0000

161-33-54,2
N

800.0000

=
DEGREE

600.0000
14-19~26.2

RAD=

400.0000

16992.4966
5

4
L1

s500.0000

800.0000

100.0000

1400.0000

500.0000

2699
. 4984

]

1000,0000

800.0000
DEGREE=

0.0

51-20-24.7

45~

3339.8090

1000.0000

600.0000
14-19-26.2

400.0000

600.,0000

800.0000

100.0000

3-48

0.0

26-33~-54.2
24326~

5.8

1499.4966

2199.4966

2839.8090

90~

0,0

141-20-24,7
N

161-33-54,2

H00.0000

141-20-24.7

N
ce

20~

5.8

500
3

400, 0000

26-33-%54,2

24326~

§1-20~24,7

=rrm

DESCRIBE

1000000

COGO COMMANDS

The following commands are used
associated
with
an
alignment

offsets,

and

stationing

along

to
define
and
solve
the
that includes simple curves,

stations are
as 4123.67).

the

expressed

line.

in decimal

feet

An ALIGNMENT
commands:

CURVE

DEFINE

COORD

POA

COORD

OFFSET

STATION

FROM

command

All

curves

(station

must

precede

are

circular,

23.67

any

geometry
tangents,

the

and

entered

following

COORD

OFFSET ALIGN

The ALIGNMENT or
the

computer

DEFINE

memory

CURVE
by

command

storing

establishes

its

circular

parameters.

Only

curve
one

set

in
of

parameters can be stored at one time.
All of the above commands
then
pertain
to
that curve.
If another ALIGNMENT or DEFINE CURVE command
is given, a new curve is established and the above commands
refer
to
the

new

curve;

and must

all

the

used.

command

must

The

the

curve

ALIGNMENT

for

data

the

curve in
be used.

established

ALIGNMENT

original

reentered

curve

DEFINE

c¢id

are

remains

removed

the

has

DEFINE

unknown

memory

until

command.

ntc

from

the

computer

memory

calculation.

known,

question

CURVE

pb ptt pa

curve

further

nct

ptt

CURVE

command

should

quantities,

the

ALIGNMENT

replaced

subsequent

COGO COMMANDS

Compute the curve, given the following:
(0-999).

cid

Curve identification

Any known point on the back tangent.

ptt

Predefined point of intersection of the tangents.

Predefined point anywhere on the ahead tangent.

ntc

New point number assigned to

Number assigned to center of curve.

nct

New point number assigned to the end

Radius of curve

Tangent length of curve

Station at pb.

If r and t are unknown
Fixed distance from pb to tc.
and x = 0., the curve is compounded or reversed
(0.)
If r and t are unknown (0.)
with the previous curve.
x = 150., the curve is computed such that the tc
and
feet from pb (usually but not necessarily
is 150.

curve,

that is,

the

beginning

the

the transition from tangent to curve.

the

the transition from curve to tangent.

curve,

(if unknown, use 0).
(if unknown, use 0).

If entered as -1., pb is taken to

must be entered as ct of the previous curve, and
and
(that
ct
sb is taken as the station of the previous
be
to
stationing
allows
This
x = 0).
is,
automatically carried forward (see example).

the ct of the previous curve).

All tangent intersections (designated tt) should be located by wusing
LOCATE or other commands before using ALIGNMENT command to compute and
If x = 0., t = 0., and r = 0., the pb must be
station the alignment.
the same point number as ntc.

NOTES

Where a distance or length

Any one of the four values r, t, sb, and
To
curve completely.
the
specifies
x
overspecicontradictory
prevent

the value

must be used.

unknown,.

fication of a curve, COGO uses the first
and
nonzero,
that is
of these values
disregards the others.

Output:

1if to left), radius, tangent
if to right, -1.
c¢id, sign (1.
length, deflection angle, x (distance pb to tc), station of
tc, curve length, station of ct, coordinates of tc, ct,

(center

curve).

and

COGO COMMANDS

3700

3000

ALIGNMENT

cid

ptt

ntc

nct

1200.

2300.

7
10

9
12

8
11

1600.

0.
0.

-1.

1000.

Curve 1 is determined by defining its
tc to point 1 on the back tangent.

tangent length and distance

Curve

is determined

by defining

its

radius.

Curve

compound

curve.

Curve

reverse

the

distance

Curve

5 is determined
the previous curve.

from

curve.
by

defining

from

the

COGO COMMANDS

DEFINE CURVE
Output:

cid ntc stc ptt pct sct pc sign

None.

ptt

pct

ntc

identification number

(0-999).

cid

Curve

ntc

of
the
beginning
the
New point number assigned to
curve, that is, the transition from tangent to curve.

stc

Station of

ptt

Predefined point at the point of intersection of

the

tc.
the

tangents.
pct

Predefined point at the end of the
the

transition

sct

Station of

Number of

sign

1.
-1.

the

from curve

curve,

that

tangent.

ct.

the predefined center of the curve.

for clockwise curve (from tc to tt).
for counterclockwise curve (from tc

to tt).

is,

COGO COMMANDS

Each

tangent,

the

four

curve

COORDINATE

POA

following

section,

routines

forward

selects

whichever

Compute the COORDINATEs of Point
On the Alignment at station s.

Output:

automatically

tangent,

Coordinates

NOTE

The

curve

defined

must

have

DEFINE

command.

COORDINATE

OFFSET

been

CURVE

previously

ALIGNMENT

Compute the coordinates of point
n
at station s and offset distance d.
If d is positive, n is to the right
of
back

the
to

Output:

curve
the

when

ahead

looking

from

the

tangent.

Coordinates

NOTE

The
curve
must
have
been
previously
defined
by
a DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT
command.

the
back
appropriate.

COGO COMMANDS

STATION

FROM COORDINATES

Compute

previously
of
the station
point p on the alignment.

defined
Output:

Point number

and

station of p.

NOTES

This routine is useful in stationing any
by
located
points
of
number
intersections with the center line.
previously
been
have
must
curve
The
a DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT
by
defined
.
command

OFFSET ALIGNMENT

Locate point n at the
with

intersection

alignment of

the

radial

offset from predefined point p.

Output:

station,
offset
(negative if to the left)
and coordinates of n.

NOTES

If a line segment or its extension drawn
the center of the circle to p does
from
the
in
alignment
the
intersect
not
the offset is from p
portion,
circular
back
the
of
perpendicular to the line
tangent.

The curve must be previously defined
a DEFINE CURVE or ALIGNMENT command.

COGO COMMANDS

3.8

SPIRAL COMMANDS

The following group of commands introduces
spirals
to
the
geometry
(that
1is,
Normal
Highway Transition Spirall).
As in the preceding
group, these commands are used to define and solve the
geometry
with
an
alignment.
In
all
of
the
following
commands, this alignment
contains a spiral.
The transition from a straight line to a circle by
use of a spiral is called "spiral in" (to the circle).
The transition
spiral from the circle to the straight line
1is
called
"spiral
out"
(from the circle).

SIMPLE SPIRAL

cid pb pts ntt nsc +1ls dc

sign

SIMPLE SPIRAL

cid pb nts ntt psc -1s dc

sign

From the
given
set
of
defining
parameters,
parameters associated with a simple spiral.
The defining

parameters

are

Curve

identification

Predefined

point

anywhere

pts

Predefined

point

ts,

the

other

follows:

cid

tangent

calculate

at
spiral.

(0-999).
on
the

the

back

point

tangent.
of

assigned
to
the
for spiral out.

change

from

transition

from

nts

New point number
tangent to spiral

ntt

New point number assigned to the
pi,
intersection of the spiral tangents.

nsc

New point number assigned to the point of
transition
from spiral to circular curve for spiral in.

psc

Predefined point at
the
point
of
spiral to circular for spiral out.

Length of
along the

Degrees of curvature of circular
curve,
defined
as
the
central angle (in decimal degrees) that subtends
a 100-foot arc.

sign

1.
-1.

the

point

transition

spiral. (negative for spiral
spiral from ts to sc.

out),

from

measured

for spiral clockwise.
for spiral counterclockwise.

NOTE

Direction is taken from ts to sc
for
in and from sc to ts for spiral out.

1
For equation
McGraw-Hill.

see Thomas

Hickerson,

ROUTE,

SURVEYS

spiral

DESIGN,

COGO COMMANDS

Output:

Curve number, sign, spiral length,
degree
of
curvature
of
circular
curve,
deflection angle at spiral tt, long tangent
length
and
azimuth,
short
tangent
1length
and
azimuth,
coordinates of

For

spiral

ts,

tt,

and

sc.

in:

pAtS

ntt

nsc

For

spiral

out:

ntt

psc

nts

COGO

Examples

for

clockwise

DELETE

COORDINATES

DELETE

FIGURES

spiral

COMMANDS

and

spiral

out:

L9999
199

X
STORE

150

180

SIMPLE

SFTROL

1
2

200

FTS

SIMPLE

SPIRAL

SFIRAL

LONG

TAN

SHORT

TAN

SIGN=

200,

120

186.8935

AZ=

LI7.2215%

21~

AZ=

2000000

200.0000

373.5262

269.410%

281.,4052

341 .8990

-200.

LONG

TAN

SHORT

TAN

120,

SIGN=

SPIRAL

VI7.2215%

170~

Al=

G462, 3044

]

3aG.2775

432.9140

281 .4082

341 .8990

counterclockwise

0,0

DEFLN

ANG=120-~

0.0

DEFI.N

ANG=120~

0.0

5,1

LC=120~
Sé6-

50~

L70.7180

for

48~

QUT

Example

48~

200.0000

184.8935

SFIRALIN
DC=120~

141~

)

SFIRAL

2000000

spiral

7.9

G&-

7.9

and

spiral

out:

STORE

7
8

150
7

200

560

660

SIMFLE

SFIRAL

2789 12 200.
120,
SFIRAL
2 SIGN=-1, L=

LLONG

TAN

SHORT

TAN

-1,

186.8935
=

11702215

200,0000

AZ=
AZ=

63~
303~

200.0000

4660.0000

Q83,5813

827.18624

48,1491

729, 3X99

SFIRAL

200,

120,

GION=-1,

DC=120~

26~
246~

0.0

DNEFILLN

ANG=120-

0,0

0.0

DEFLN

ANG=120~

0,0

5.8
H.8

Q00,0000

NVCE=120-

COGO COMMANDS

LONG
SHORT

TAN

1846.893% AZ=

TAN L

2080~
40~

117.221% AZ=

471,391

H21 73467

437 .28548

gq05.4919

248.1691

L BIPY
FAP

82.6
2.6

30~

[ee

<c¢id pts psc ntt az sign

SPIRAL LENGTH

Compute a spiral

Output:

30~

in using the following parameters:

cid

Curve

pts

Predefined point at
tangent to spiral.

ts,

the

point

change

from

psc

Predefined point at sc,
spiral to circle.

the

point

change

from

ntt

New
point
number
assigned
to
intersection of spiral tangents.

Azimuth of

sign

l.
-1.

Curve

identification number

tangent

clockwise spiral
counterclockwise

number,

spiral

1length

(0-999).

and

the

from

sc,

ntt

degree

subtends a 100-foot
ts,
coordinates of

psc

pts

spiral.

sc.

NORTH

point

ts.

curvature
at
sc (the central angle that
arc), tangent lengths and their azimuths,
tt,

tt,

COGO COMMANDS

Example:

SEFIRGLOLENGTH
SFIRAL
999

LONG

TAN

SHORT

TAN

999
L=

14 150 %0
223,6797

1%0,4345

AZ=

90~

0.0

75,7586

113~

19~

40,9

450.0000

180.0000

450.0000

330.4345

420.0000

400.0000

TAN

SHORT

20-51-30.4

CSEIRAL 998 L=
LONG

4.
DC=

TAN

223.8862 IC= 22~ 6-12.5

150.7409

AZ=

106~

0.0

75,9816

AZ=

Bl-

15~

24,1

450,0000

180.0000

408, 4502

324,9014

420.0000

400.0000

SPIRAL OFFSET

Find point n on the previously defined SIMPLE SPIRAL or
corresponding to an offset to the spiral from point p.
Output:

Coordinates of point n, arc length along spiral
point n, and offset distance from p to n.

Example:

IR WUEN

ot b

17
ARC

SPIRAL

FROM

418.60?0
13

17=

F20.857%
1445213

OFFSET=

8.6494

from

LENGTH

COGO COMMANDS

COORDINATE

POSP

arc

Use the COORDINATE Point On SPiral to locate point n on the previously
defined
SIMPLE
SPIRAL
or
SPIRAL
LENGTH
a
distance
arc from ts,
measured along the curve.

Output:

Point number
length

along

the

and

its

spiral,

coordinates,

and

azimuth of

spiral
the

number,

tangent

arc

point

arc

‘
TM\ az

Example:
CODROINATE

FOSF
19

100,

SFIRAL

425, 2158

998

LINE SPIRAL

ARC=

276.8460

100,0000

AZIMUTH=101~

3-49,3

n pl p2 pi

Find the intersection point n of the line defined by the points pl and
p2
and the previously defined SIMPLE SPIRAL or SPIRAL LENGTH.
If two
intersections are found, point n is the point closest to pi.

COGO COMMANDS

Output:

Coordinates

point

and

arc

length

from

pl
n

[

Example:

N YN

20
Sl

460

240

21
LINE

SFIRAL

2218

200

22
ARC

FROM

418.0316
FT.

COMPOUND SPIRAL

cid

Z27.1393
PT.

pb pcs

150.8295

ntt

nsc

cid

Curve

Predefined

pcs

Predefined point
curve to spiral.

ntt

New

arc

identification
point

dcl

dc2

(0-999).

anywhere on

cs,

point
number
intersection of the

back

point

assigned

two

to
tangents.

New point number assigned to
change from spiral to curve.

arc

Arc

the

nsc

length

sign

compound

the

spiral,

tangent.

change

from

tt,

the

point

sc,

the

point

measured

from

c¢s

sc.

dcl

Degtee of curvature of circular curve 1
angle,

1in decimal

degrees,

which

arc).
dc2

Degree

sign

1.
-1.

curvature

circular

for clockwise curve.
for counterclockwise

3-61

curve.

(the

subtends

curve

central

100-foot

COGO COMMANDS

Output:

Curve number,
lengths

(c¢s

coordinates

and

<¢s,

sc)

and

tt,

their

pcs

arc

nsc
ntt

Example:
STORE

400

180

23
24

700

4%0

24
SELEAL

COMFOUND

500

SFIRAL

400,

700, 0000

450, 0000

7082590

4722994

675, 7631

491.3061

TANGENTS
RACK

AZ=

FORWARD
OGS
0
S23 S

Ti=

AZ=
S

COMFOUND

2X,7798

40~

149~
NLRa

40~

36,7

500

45Q.0000

708, 2590

AT7D

7452909

465 .5532

AZ=

FORWARD

Til=

23,7798

&%
AZ=

37,6463

700 .0000

BACK

140.

36,7

SPIRAL

T2=

249

TANGENTS

80.

500

40~

349~

34.7
40~

36.7

Td=

2994

COMPOUND

74648461

and

sc,

azimuths.

tangents

COGO

SPIRAL SPIRAL

pts2

arc2

COMMANDS

of
the
previously
defined
spiral,
Locate the intersection point n
SPIRAL
1,
and
a
second spiral, SPIRAL 2.
SPIRAL 1 must be defined
previously by a SIMPLE SPIRAL or SPIRAL LENGTH command.

Input:

Output:

New

point

number

assigned

pts2

Predefined

transition point

from

Azimuth of

back

for

SPIRAL

arc2

Arc

(from

ts2

Radius of circular curve
of
SPIRAL
2.
positive
for SPIRAL 2 clockwise.
Radius
for SPIRAL 2 counterclockwise.
-

intersection.

Point of
Distance
Distance

length of

tangent

SPIRAL

the

point

tangent

SPIRAL

2.
sc2).

intersection n and its coordinates.
from tsl to the point of intersection
from ts2 to the point of intersection

Radius
1is
is negative

n.
n.

gqéb

Example:

STORE
30

29
29

E50

400

650

500

30
SIMPLE

SPIRAL

SPFIRAL

3¢

SIGN=-1,

200,

108,

200.,0000

-i.

DC=100~

0,0

DEFLN ANG=100-

0.0

COGO COMMANDS

LONG

TAN

SHORT

TAN

163.5266

AZ=

94,8019

251~

AZ=

350.0000

500.0000

498, 2884

344,8651

414.9236

390.,0060

850

33~

151~

STORE

54,2

33-

54,2

450

33
600 480

34
SFIRAL SFTRAL
35

35
DIST

120,

200

G8%5.4700
FROM

DIST FROM

~8%5.7443

33 TO INTERSECTION FOINT I8

=80.7453

CURVE SPIRAL

G77.6292

INTERSECTION

POINT

n r pc pi

Find the
intersection
point
n
of
the
previously
defined
spiral
(defined
by
SIMPLE
SPIRAL
(in)
or SPIRAL LENGTH) and the circular
curve defined by center pc
and
the
radius
r.
If
more
than
one
intersection is found, point n is the point closest to pi.
Input:

New
point
number
assigned
to
intersection
of
the spiral and the

the
point
of
curve closest to

Output:

Radius

circular

curve.

Center

circular

curve.

Any point.

Coordinates

point

and

the

distance

from

) pi

COGO COMMANDS

Example:

SFIRAL

LENGTH

SFIRAL

LONG

TAN

SHORT

998

TAN

106.

223.8862

~1,
DC=

22+

150.7409

AZ=

106~

0.0

7549816

AZ=

81—

15~

24,1

450.0000

180.0000

408.4502

324.9014

420,0000

400.0000

STORE

6-12.5

430

300

36
37

410

3480

F1I

37
CURVE

SFIRAL

38
ARC

346
4148

FROM

FIT ALIGNMENT

Calculate

4L7

37
379 .0358
10

202.781%

ci d pb ptt dc arcl

the ali gnment

from

cid

Curve

Predefined

ptt

Known

the

arc2

point

sign

following:

identification

tangents,

def

number

anywhere

the

(0-999).

back

See

intersection

point

arcl

Arc

length

first

arc2

Arc

length

second

def

Total

sign

Clockwise
-1.

deflection

for

spiral
spiral

angle

for

(from
(from

spiral

the

indicator.

clockwise.
counterclockwise.

Points
from
(cid)
to
(cid+8)
are
destroyed
in the calculation of results
for this command.
Care should be
taken
not
to destroy any known points in this

in decimal

sc).

tangents.

counterclockwise

spiral

NOTE

range.

tt.

Degree of curvature (defined as the angle,
degrees, subtended by a 100-foot arc).

for

below.

tangent.

note

st).

COGO COMMANDS

Same as the output of SIMPLE SPIRAL command

Output:

for
command
CURVE
SIMPLE
spiral,
SIMPLE SPIRAL comman d for the second

tangent

1lengths

for

the circular

the

first
and
main

curve,

spiral as well as

(ts to tt and tt to st), deflection angle,

the
of
curve central angle, the intersection point (cid+8)
circular curve and the line joining tt to the circle center;
the offset distance from tt to this point is also given.

Example:

STORE

1000

40C

FIT ALIGNMENT %00 X9 40 60,

SPIRAL 500 SIGN= 1. L=

G0,

33,4538 AZ=

LLONG TAN L=

16.7763 AZ=

SHORT TAN L =

&7+

45~

501

937+1604

337.1604

G502

?60.8158

3460.8158

503

69,2039

375.3444

SIMFLE

CURVE

50,0000 DC= &0~ 0~ 0,0 DEFLN ANG=
0~

15~

0.0

500

503

69,2039

375.3444

504

?85.1796

403,0152

S05

?81.2857

434,7286

31,9515 = TAN LENGTH

61,6667 = CURVE

EACK AZIMUTH =
FORWARD AZIMUTH =

&0- 0- 0.0
97- 0~ 0.0

LENGTH

0.0

COGO COMMANDS

SFIRAL
L.LONG

500

TAN

SHORT

SIGN=

1.,

TAN

50,0000

33.4538

AZ=

16,7763

112~

AZ=

DC=

60~

0.0

97~

507

PEE.T7092

482.3976

G506

Q792412

451 .3798

505

?81,2857

434.7286

FT.

501

FPT.

DIST=

B8.84686

FROM

FT.

PT.

507

DIST=

88.8686

ANGLE

67—~

CURVE

CENTRAL

RADIAL

FROM

OFF8ET=

SFIRAL

400

TAN

SHORT

INTERSECTS

TAN

15—~

0.0

0,0

ALIGNMENT

508

A0
.

M0,

SIGN=-1.,

L=
33.4538

404 ,0527

50,0000
AZ=

16.7763

AZ=

45~
30~

601

?37.1604

337.1604

602

?260.8158

360,8158

603

975.3444

369.2039

SIMFLE

ANG=

0.0

37—~

280.0805

LONG

DEFLN

20,3276

508
ST

ANGLE

0.0

FROM

DEFLECTION

CURVE

60—~

0.0

DEFLN

ANG=

15~

0.0

600

603

P75.3444

369.2039

604

1003.0152

385.1796

605

1034,7286

381.2857

31.9%18

TAN

LENGTH

61.6667

CURVE

BACK

AZIMUTH

30~

0,0

FORWARI!

AZIMUTH

353~

0.0

LENGTH

0.0

COGO COMMANDS

SFIRAL
LONG

&S00

TAN

SHORT

STGN=-1.

TAMN

HOL 0000

33,4538

167763

aZ=
AZ=

338~
333~

607

1082.3974

I6& 7092

606

1031.3798

379.2412

600

1034.,7286

381.2857

DC=

$0-

0.0

0,0

FROM

PT.

401

PT.

DIST=

83,8686

FROM

FT.

607

NIGT=

89.8686

DEFLECTION

ANGLE =
CENTRAL ANGLE

&7~

CURVE

RATIIAL
OFFSET=

4608

FROM

0~
37~

INTERSECTS

0,0
0~
0.0

ALIGNMENT

203276

1004,0527

380.080%

608

0.0

DEFLN

ANG=

15—~

0.0

COGO COMMANDS

TABULAR OUTPUT

3.9

These commands neither store nor modify any data contained in
a
COGO
table.
Their
sole
purpose
1is to interpret and output data already
stored in the COGO table in a meaningful manner to users.

The output of a COGO job can be produced on
a
terminal
or
printer.
The
standard
output
format
has answers interspersed with the input
list.
The printing of input or output can be suppressed.

desc

LIST COORDINATES

Output:

The coordinates of the points specified
Undefined points are not listed.

in desc are listed.

Examples:
LIST

STORE

949

CUOURDS

i-5uy

*Points

*point 1
*Points of

*Points

10414.1049

50
2090.8067

?49
QAN

QIR

?60
PHY

10472X,.8277

P59
PEOANATA

INAD

@201 .,0200

QOOD

QTN

2860

959

e
L

949

950

949)

LEST

COORDINATES
(P40

QLO

YHQY

949

10414,1049

FOPO.E8067

P60

10413.8278

Q@R00,9691

QHY

10473.8277

P201.0200

PH0O

10474.1049

P0?0.8309

949

10414,1049

P090.8067

P60

10413.8278

P200.926921

PEY

104723.8277

?201.0200

PE0

10474,1049

P090.8309

949

10414.1049

P0920.8067

@60

10413.8278

PR00.9691

PEHO

10474.1049

P090.8309

PEO

(1)
1l

PEHO

3-69

through

figure

and

COGO COMMANDS

desc

LIST FIGURES

The figures
figures are

Output:

specified in desc
not listed.

are

listed.

Undefined

number
List the figures specified by desc, where desc can be a figure
figure and point numbers.
Parentheses must enclose a
or
a
list
of
If desc is a figure number and the list
list.
associated
with
that
point numbers, the LIST FIGURES command does
figure
number
includes
not list the point numbers.

Examples:
LIST

*List
*List
*List

FIGS (1 3)
(10 10)
(1-20 600-650)

*600

DELETE

STORE

figures 1
figure 10
figures 1
through

LIST

FIGURES

*List
the
*appear in

LIST

FIGURE

(77)

*List

FIGURES

FIGURE

and 3.
twice.
through

figures
whose
figure 77.

figure

77.

2-3

2(950

959

?EIB

951

950 )

)

(951

958

937

932

951)

3
A4(P32

957

956

Oo-953

296

8630

LH638R

9280

P69

CP1L0L

1003

933)

)

PH/S

3-5

10D
?876

C101

105

836

CL2KR

101

10
FIGURES
(L-%

2826)

(949

P40

959

949 )

(250

959

P58

250 )

G91

958

957

(952

957

9586

(PE3

9206

630

876

951 )
QU2 )

CH3Y ko9 8O

9469

L1016

1003

953)

969

CP10L.

1003

253)

107

(949

P50

249)

(P51

P52

951 )

(952

C638BR

LIST

(101

980
C12R

52-54

3-70

781

and

650.

210

101)

numbers

COGO COMMANDS

876

(949 960 959 950 949)

(951 958 957 982 931)

(952 9H7 9hH6 953 B2

5O(953 9%6 430 CO3BR 980 9469 CPL0L 1003 933)

10 (101 105 836 4 78 C12R $2-54 781 210 101)

LIST POINT NUMBERS desc

The point numbers included in the list specified

been defined are listed in the order defined by desc.

desc

that

have

Examples

LIST POINT NUMBERS 1-999

* All valid point numbers

LST P1 NUM i

* All valid point numbers
*

All valid point numbers

PN (1-50 100-200 450-600)

listed.

described by figure 1 are

* between 1 and 999 are listed.

DISTANCE

1 through 50, 100 through
200, and 450 through
600 are listed.

desc

Compute the distances between the points of the description desc.
Output: Distance from first point to second point, second point
to third point,

etc.

Example:
DIGTANCE

(949 960 959 950 949)

FROM

949

960

110.1627 FT.,

FROM

960

959

59,9999 FT.

FROM

959

950

110.1894 FT.

FROM

950

949

60,0000 FT,

FROM

949

960

110.1627 FT.

FROM

960

989

59,9999 FT.

FROM

959

950

110.1894 FT.

FROM

950

949

60,0000 FT.

COGO COMMANDS
INVERSE

AZIMUTHS

desc

INVERSE

BEARINGS

desc

Compute

the
azimuth
or
bearing,
respectively,
of the line segments
from the first point in the
figure

described

by
desc
to the second,
from the second point to the third,
and so forth.

These

commands are
generalizations
the
LOCATE
AZIMUTH and LOCATE

BEARING

commands

Section

described

3.5.

Output:

Azimuth

or
bearing,
respectively,
and
the
length
of
1line
segments
from
first
point
to the

second,
to

desc = (p1 p2 p3 pl)

from

second
point
third,
and
so

the

forth.

Example:
INVERSE

AZITMUTHS
1

INVERSE

FROM

9249

960

8-38.8

110.1627

FROM

960

9359

2-53.,0

U9. 9999

FROM

959

9%0

270~

8-38,9

110.,1894

FROM

250

949

180~

1-23,2

60.0000

BEARINGS

(949

260

PHO

949)

FROM

949

960

FROM

9260

959

FROM

959

950

FROM

9250

949

89-91-21.2

110.1627

2-85.0

G9.9999

89-51-21.1

110,18%94

60.0000

1-23.2

AREA desc
AREA

AZIMUTHS

desc

AREA

BEARINGS

desc

Compute

the

polygon

defined

points
define
point

area

of
by

the
the

closed
1list

of
in the description desc.
To
a
closed polygon, the last
number
in
the
description

desc must be the same as the first.
Starting at one point, the
corners
of
the
polygon
should be entered

consecutively along
its
perimeter
in one direction until the starting
point is reached.
3-72

desc = (p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p1)

COGO COMMANDS

Output:

Area of
square

the

feet

figure

and

acres.

The AREA AZIMUTHS

and AREA BEARINGS
commands
also
produce
a table of
coordinates
of
the
corners,
the
azimuth
or
bearing, respectively,
and length of each side.
Example:

AREA

AREA=
AREN

6610.530

8QWFT,.=

0.15175735

ACRES

AZIMUTHS
y

949

10414,1049

P090.8067

960

10413.8278

9200.9691

959

10473,8277

9201.,0200

950

10474,1049

9090,8309

949

10414.,1049

9090.8067

ARE A=
ARF
G

6610.550

SQLFT.=

20~

8-38.8

110.1627

2-5%,0

59,9999

270~

8-38.9

110.,1894

180~

1-23,2

60,0000

0.1517573%

ACRES

REARTNGS
T

S 1V I

949

10414,104

P090.,8067

P40

10413,8278

P200.9691

P59

10473.8277

9201,0200

P50

10474.1049

Y090
. 8309

949

10414.1049

P090.,8067

89-51-21.2

110.1627

2-55,0

59,9999

89-51-21.1

110.18%94

60,0000

N
N

ARE A=

SEGMENT

pl p2 r

Compute

the

area

Output:

The
and
the
and

lengths

6610,550

SAFT,.=

circular

segment
whose
boundaries
are the
arc between pl and p2 with radius r
and the chord between pl and p2.
of
arc,
and
segment in

acres.

the
chord
the area of
square feet

1-23.2

0,1517573%5

ACRES

COGO COMMANDS

pl p2

SEGMENT PLUS

pl p2

SEGMENT MINUS

Find the area of the segment as

add
then
command,
SEGMENT
the
the
(subtract) that area to (from)
area resulting from all
cumulative
MINUS)
(SEGMENT
PLUS
SEGMENT
following the most recent
commands

including
(and
command
AREA-type
command
AREA
the
of
result
the

allow
commands
These
itself).
or
to
added
be
to
segments
for
polygons
from
subtracted
parcels bounded by curves.

Chord length,

Output:

length,

arc

and

area,
segment
cumulative area.

Example:

STORE

252

3426,167

6728.368

252

257

3461.,543

6743,700

257
SEGMENT

282

257

80.

SEGMENT AREA=

60.776 SQRFT.=
CHORD=

SEGMENT

FLUS

252

SEGMENT

2457

60.776

ARE A=
252

257

SEGMENT

MINUS

SEGMENT

27-33-16.3

o L=

SQ.FT,.=

38,5556

0.00139522

DELTA=

ACRES

27-53-16.3

671 326

SQLFT
=

0 15315257

ACRES

38.9389

40776

8BRL.WFT.=

0.00139522

ACRES

80.0000

38 .9389

80.0000

38,9389

80.0000

)

38,9389

80,

AREA=

CHORI=
SEGMENT

DELTA=

80.0000

AREA=

CHORD =

SEGMENT

38,5556

0.,00139522 ACRES R=

232

AREA=

257

DELTA=

27-53~16.3

HQ.776
CHORD =

ARE A=

38,5556

SQAFT
e

38,5556

6610,.550

0L, 00139522

DELTA=

SQ.FT.=

ACRES

27-083-16.3

0.1517573%

ACRES

COGO COMMANDS

STAKING NOTES inst ibs rad

[desc]

that
are
within
a
numbers
The COGO file is searched for all point
Output consists of
radius of rad to the instrument point number inst.

the bearing,
ibs and
to
inst
from
backsite bearing and distance
from backsite point ibs to all defined
right azimuth
distance and
figure desc may be
An optional
points within the defined radius.

specified in which case only the point numbers within that description

are printed.
Example:
STORE
1

34%.38

223.47

400

400
-y

700

100

300

H00
4

5300

100
}

DTUTDE ARC
34

98,7669

131.3836

4695.0753

162.5738

688.9480

193.3781

680.4226

223,6068

6469.,5518

253.0734

281.5962

641.03561

308.,9994

623.6068

335.1141

604.,1624

582.8427

382.8427

451

59.7792

404,1624

535.1141

423.6068

508.9994

441,0561

481 ,.5962

4T56,4026

453.0734

4469 .5%518

423.6068

480.4226

393.3781

488,9480

34625738

495.07353

331.3836

498.7669

and
-~

COGO COMMANDS

STARING

NOTES
21200

TRAN

kS
S

BEAR .

nIsT.

724826
. 8W

184,79

45~

AZT

KT,

0,0F

141,42

242-11-33,2

5-21-38,6W

183,65

101-49-54,5

1-29-32,2E

159,83

10841~

9-54-37.9E

137,16

117~

N20-38-22.4E

114,48

127-49-55.5

N34-39-13.7E

99,19

141-50-46.9

NER2-39-12.9E

87,49

159-%50-46.1

N73-38-28. 40

83.82

180350~

1.4

5854432, 61

82.19

20127~

0.6

G468-30-446.9E

102.18

TRAVERSE

AZIMUTHS

desec

TRAVERSE

BEARINGS

desc

TRAVERSE

ANGLES

5.3

&-11.1

218-40-46.3

desc

TRAVERSE DEFLECTIONS

desc

Compute
the
azimuths,
bearings,
angles,
or
deflections,
respectively, and
the
1lengths
of
each
line
segment
defined
by
consecutive
points
in
the
descriptions desc.
These

commands

AREA

AZIMUTHS

are

similar

and

AREA

the

BEARINGS

commands.
They are different
these
two
AREA
commands
in

from
that
they do not compute an area and
do
not
require
the
first
and
last
points in the description to be the
same.

Output:

Coordinates of each
point
in the description desc.
The

1length
bearing,
deflection

azimuth,
angle,
or
of
each
1line

segment

defined

consecutive
desc.

and

points

3-76

»
desc = (p1 p2 p3 p4)

COGO COMMANDS

Examples:
TRAVERSE

AZIMUTHS
1

949

10414.,1049%

?090.8067

P60

10413,8278

9200.92691

10473.8277

9201.0200

10474,1049

?090.8309

10414,1049

?090.80487

110.1627
59.9999
110.1894
60.0000
949
TRAVERSE

RBE ARTNGS
1

949

10414.1049

POP0.8067

940

10413.8278

PR00.9691

915G

10473.8277

Y201.0200

P50

10474.1049

FOY0. 8309

949

10414.1049

POP0.8047

110.1627

G9.9999
110.1894
SO

TRAVERSE

0000

ANGLES
P49

960

P5EY

946

10414,1049

PO090.80867

D40

104132.8278

QA00. 9421

10473.8277

Y201.0200

OG-43.9

10474,1049

FOY0.8309

89~ 5244,
3

949

10414,1049%

P090.80647

110.1627
8-

39.9999
110,1894

60.0000

TRAVERSE

JA)EY FLECTIONG
(

Y49

940

PEHY

P50

949)

949

10414.1049

PO90.8087

P60

10413.8278

P200.9691

959

10473.8277

?201.,0200

418641

P50

10474,1049

?090.8309

71,7

949

10414,1049

?090.8047

110.1627
90

543,
9

GR.9999
110.1894

60.0000

COGO

COMMANDS

desc

ANGLES

Compute the clockwise angles formed
by
the
1line
segments
connecting
consecutive
points
in
the
description desc and the lengths of
each of the line segments.

angt

Output:

ang2

Lengths of
1line
segments
from
the
first
point to
the second point and
from
the

second
point
to the
third point and the
angle
between
those
two
1line
segments, lengths of
1line
segments
from
the second
point to the
third
point
and
from
third
point to
the fourth point
and
the
angle
line

between
segments,

those
and

desc = {p1 p2 p3 p4d)

two
so

forth.
Example:

ANGLES

ANGLE

949

960

959

110.1628

ANGLE

960

959

950

60,0000

ANGLE

959

950

949

960

959

P49

960

ANGLE

89-34-16.1
PO~

60.0000

5-43,9

110.18935

110,189%

895244, 3

60.0001

110.1428

g9-34-16.1

60.0000

959

949

CHAPTER 4
SAMPLE

The
purpose
COGO-10/20.

4.1

SAMPLE JOB

this

1l:

chupter

LAYING OUT A

The problem, as shown in Figure
the
center
of a given lot and
usable part of the lot.

JOBS

better

acquaint

wusers

ROADWAY

4-1, is to lay out a
roadway
through
to determine the area of the remaining

To prevent confusion between defined and undefined point numbers,
points in the coordinate table are set initially to (0,0).

DELETE

all

COORDINATES
1o

999

A starting point

STORE

with

$500.

is defined

by the STORE command.

H00.

To find the coordinates of point 2, the length and azimuth of the line
connecting
points 1 and 2 are specified.
This line is referred to as
line

1-2.

LOCATE

AZIMUTH

263,
2

7465 9844

G8E.
1021.2388

Now proceed clockwise around the perimeter of
corner
by its distance and deflection angles
segment.
Notice that the longest side of the
63°0'0",
and
that
all
angles
around
the
Thus, the deflection angle in
each
command
outside corner or -90° for an inside corner.
is used consecutively six times, the command
once.

the lot,
defining
each
from the previous border
lot has
an
azimuth
of
border are right angles.
1is
either
90°
for
an
Because the same command
name
need
appear
only

SAMPLE JOBS

LOCATE

DEFLECTION

123

=90,

3
2%

90.

173%,5123

90,

1377.1096

-90.
7

1128,7748

1734.,0440

400,
72,3742

1915, 6402

143.5974

681.,5962

8
INVERSE

2221.4246

547,

6
5

2039.8284

400,

5
45

839, 6426

1347,

4
3

400,
1121.9871

AZIMUTHS
18

FROM

153~

0.0

400.0000

A series of point numbers to define a perimeter can be
grouped
as
a
figure with the STORE FIGURE command.
This list of points can then be
entered into a command by using the
figure
number.
The
points
1in
figure 1 are used

to calculate

STORE

FIGURE

the area

in the AREA 1 command.

)

1
AREA

AREA=

1092800,002

SQ.FT.=

25.,08723603

ACRES

To find the point where the center of the
roadway
crosses
(point 10), the line is divided into two equal segments.

DIVIDE

LINE

1-8

H590.7981

321.7987

1line

To find the point where the right-hand side of the roadway
intersects
line
4-5
at
the
opposite
side of the lot, a procedure is followed
similar to that used on line 1-8.
The
command
finds
the
midpoint
(point 13) of line 4-5.

OIVIDE LINE
13

5 2 13
1555.3110
3

2130.6265

Next, set up a traverse across the lot approximating the
center
1line
of
the
roadway.
The
traverse
starts
on a course parallel to the

longest side of the lot, makes a 45° turn to the left, a 45°
the
lot.

turn

right, and ends up once again parallel to the longest side of the
The 45° portion of the roadway passes through a point (point 15)

midway between points

QIVIDE

135

LINE

and

195

P47 .18306

1377 .56414

SAMPLE JOBS

By using the azimuth intersect command twice, the points 14 and 16 can
be located at the intersections of the first and third courses with

Since the azimuth of the

the 45° leg.

first

and

third

courses

now

1located

parallel to the lot lines, the azimuth of the 45° leg through point 15
is 63°-45°=18°.
AZIMUTH

INTERSECT
14 10

146%5,0444

1216.1800

1290, 2382

&78.1812

A 50 ft.

transition tangent from points 17 to 18 is

LOCATE LINE

going 25 ft.

on either side of point 15.

17 20

1369.9160

?23.4042

138%5.3669

R70.9571

The distance from point 14 to point 17 along the tangent to curve 1 is
used to locate the beginning of curve 1 (point 19) on the line from
In the following command, the previously
point 14 to point 10.
defined distance from point 14 to point 17 is substituted by COGO.
Curve 2 from point 18 to point 20 is handled similarly.
L

961.,1231

16 13 20 In
1333.2382

1060.4987

1694,7842

to point
Knowing that the tangents to curve 1 are lines from point 19 and
17 are

14 and from point 14 to point 17 and knowing that points 19
points of tangency, the radius point (point 50) for a circular curve
through points 19 and 17 can be found using the FIT CURVE command.
The radius point (point 51) for curve 2 can be found in a similar
manner using points 18, 16, and 20.
FIT

CURVE

H561.1231

1060.4987

1115.7634

77,8953

?23.4042

1369.92160

®70.9571

138%5.3669

778.5979

1977.3875

1333,2382

1694.7842

SAMPLE

The

center

STORE

line

FIGURE

(10

now

fully

350

JOBS

described

and

stored

figure

)

The

PARALLEL

FIGURE

command

now

locates

the

points

along

either

of
the
center
°%line
stored
in
figure 2.
The road is to be 40
wide.
The first PARALLEL FIGURE command locates all the points on
left side (-20) of the right-of-way and the second command locates
points on the right side (20) of the right-of-way.
FARALLEL

FIGURE

-20

339,4188

581.7183

578,9432

1051.4189

929.5846

13%0.8949

977.1374

1366.,3457

13%51,0%83

1685,7044

1573,1311

2121.5467

FIGURE

ft.
the
the

FARALLEL

side

303.9786

599.8779

543.3030

1069.578%

P17.2239

1388,9371

064.7767

1404.3880

1315.4181

1703.8640

1537.4908

2139.7063

The left and
right
lines
are
respectively.
Note
that the radius points associated with figures 3
and 4 are the same as the radius
points
1located
by
the
FIT
CURVE
command for the center line.

STORE

FIGURE

(

)

(20

)

. The

land

either

BEARINGS

command.

and

length,

curve

each
course.
with azimuths

side
A

the

complete

listed

right-of-way

can

description,

along

with

the

defined

including

bearings

The AREA AZIMUTH command would give
replacing bearings.

and

radius,

the

distance

similar

AREA

deltas,

for

information

SAMPLE

AREA

BEARINGS
90

( Y0 91 C
303.9786

H543.3030

92 93 & 51
H99.8779

JOBS

0.0

G827.1573

1069 .5785
N

1115.7634

777 .8953

17,2239

1388.9371

V&4, T767

1404.3880

DELTA=

4874

504.56085
642,4874
50,0000
602.4874

1977.3875

778.8979

DELTA=
N

1315,4181

1703.8640

1537.4908

2139.7063

1377.1096

2221 .42446

0.0

A473,1925

0.0

602.4874

0.0

489, 1573

I
)

180.0000

547.,0000

1128.7748

1734.0440

772.3742

1915.46402

143,.5974

4681.5962

303.9786

999.8779

400.0000

63~

138%5.0000

~Né

foy

|45
<
a
]

D
A3

ead

692

SAFTe=

339.6188

581.7183

L G78.9432

10351.4189

0.0

11.60508935

180.0000

ACRES

327.,1573

ccC

1115.7634

777.8933

P29,5846

1350.8949

977.1374

13663457

778.3979

1977.3875

1351.0583

168%.7044

1573.1311

2121.35467

1733,5123

2039 .8204

1121.9871

839.6426

765.5844

1021.2388

300.0000

H00.0000

339.4188

581.7183

602 .4874

NELTA=

473.1925

602.,4874

50,0000

542.4874

DELTA=

504, 6085
642,4874

489 ,1%573
180.,0000

ARE A=
EMD

FUN

S05517.4692

SQLFT.
=

1347.0000

400.0000

0.0

585, 0000

)

0.0

180.0000

11.60508934

ACRES

SH0OL JA'I4dWVS
Figure

4-1

Sample

Problem

SAMPLE

4.2

SAMPLE JOB

The problem,
street
into
widening
of

JOBS

PARCEL TAKING FOR STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY

shown in Figure 4-2, involves conversion of a dead end
a
through
street
with
accompanying straightening and
the
right-of-way
to
200
feet.
This
sample
shows

computation

of
the
parcel
taking
from
the L.
B.
Jones property
located at the cul-de-sac.
This sample computes the property
closure
from the deed, converts the property into the coordinate system of the
road, computes the taking line, and prints the taking description.

The

coordinates

points

STORE

and

two

points

12.

the

new

center

1line

4980,4290

81920.8836

FOINT

C/L

5402 .8286

8261,3101

FOINT

C/L

are

stored

11
STORE

Since

are

assumed

command

Coordinates
are stored.

G180,357

name

points

293,530

specified

the

same

52,

two

and

LOT

CORNER

8526.918%

LOT

CORNER

these
the

lot

lines,
previous

corners

the

command

located

names

(STORE)
.

the

field,

U115.360

assumed

stored

starting

point

for

running

out

the

property

description

STORE

10000

ARBITRARY

STARTING

POLINT

The

LOCATE

BEARING

command

from

point

locates

point

S 29-18-30 E
and
distance
282.33
feet.
The
other
commands extend the remaining boundary courses and
are
show some of the flexibility available.

LOCATE

REARTNG
12

2
23

282.33%

841

N3G

30W

135

10049 .,2653
W

228,28

?831.8213
4

]

P08, 3729

865

?882.9600
906

N&7

$208.,3401
&

10133,2032

POHI2 2457

829-18-30E

P7E3. 8088

868 .2502
405

0904

PR27.8633

RP74.1213

DEED

DESCRIFTION

bearing

LOCATE BEARING
formatted
to

SAMPLE JOBS

2]
9

N29-32-10

29713655
27

N&O

Q49,4727

38.14

GOE

10000.0571

10000.0269

The delimeter A instructs COGO to substitute the azimuth of
for A 3 4 before executing the command.

1line

3-4

The INVERSE BEARINGS command checks the error of closure. The figure,
1is entered here without parentheses. This is permitted only
(9 1),
when the figure contains more than one number, fits entirely on one
card, and is the only item allowed for the particular command.
INVERSE

REARINGS

—

% ERROR OF CLOSURE

8 64-45-29.5 W

FROM

0.0632

The numbers of the points that make up the boundary are stored as
Notice how the curves are specified in the figure. This
figure 1.
(1 2 3 4 C5L 6 C7/TR 8 1) or
figure could also have been written as
(1-C5L-C7R 8 1).

STORE FIGURE

1-4 C%. 6 C 7 R 8 1

) XORIGINAL FARCEL

This command converts the coordinates of the parcel into the highway
The first 1 specifies that figure 1 contains the
coordinate system.
The second 1 specifies that the
list of points to be converted.
as the points listed in figure
stored
be
should
coordinates
converted
1. The original values of these points will be 1lost by this
If it were desired that the original values remain
conversion.
intact, the second 1 could be replaced by a figure (or reference to a
that specified different point numbers. Then, after
stored figure)
the conversion, both the original and the converted coordinates would

be available for computation.
CONVERT MERIDIAN

1 1

4 54

( AB4 G2

A4 2 )

SHIFT = 199~ 8-46.2
CONVERSION ANGLE = 356-51-27,2
SCALE FACTOR = 0.,100000000E+01

4923.6143

specify the shift of the
4 54,
The third and fourth data items,
is the number of a point in the system to be
Four
conversion.
converted and 54 is the same point in the desired system.

specifies the conversion
The remaining data item (A 54 52 - A 4 2)
angle as the difference between two azimuths. A 4 2 is the azimuth
A 54 52 is the azimuth
between two points according to the deed.
between the same points as located in the field. The difference
between these is the desired conversion angle.

The distance from 2 to 52 1is the difference between the property
corner as located by the converted deed and in the field. Note that
here the figure, (2 52), is entered without parentheses as in line 15.
DISTANCE

MISFIT

FROM

REAR

CORNER

0.3875 FT.

SAMPLE

JOBS

The area of the parcel is computed and printed by this command.
the reference to stored figure 1.

AREA

JONES

41031.881

AREA=

PROFERTY

Note

(ORIGINAL)D

0.241926236 ACRES

SQ.FT.=

This line contains only a comment.
The double asterisk (**) causes
new page to be started in any output sent to the line printer.

* ¥

LOCATION

TAKING

LINE

This POINTS INTERSECT command defines point 22 as the intersection
of
the
1line
through
points 11 and 12 and a line through points 1 and 8
after first offsetting the line through 11 and 12
to
the
right
100
feet.

FOINTS

INTERSECT
2211

100,

GHI3P. 179G

Point

23,

with

the

FOYNTS

INTERSECT

This AREA BEARINGS command will print the description and area of

the

property,

the

8351 .2116

other

intersection

is computed by this POINTS

5149.8088

the

INTERSECT.

right-of-way

100,

8320.35046

taking.
Note
that
the
output
(in Figure 3) includes coordinates,
bearings, distances, and curve data.
The
figure
specified
1in
the
input
to
this
command,
(4
CS5L - C7R
8
22 23 4), could have been
written without parentheses as explained in the
paragraph
describing
the INVERSE BEARINGS command in this section.
AREA BEARINGS

8 22

TAKING

TR-26

5180.5570

8293,.5300

H5229.4194

B250.,6643 DELTA= 74-51-58.0 L

5258.0417

B309.0232

H280,0588

8353.9147 DELTA= 83-26-50.0 R

22,8215

N 32-40-42.8 U

HOL0000

HI22. 1445

8326.9184

G33B. 1795

8351 .9116

9149,8088

8320.5046

S180.5570

8293.5300

ARE A=
END

CHL-C7R

JOR

SQ.FT,=

. 0000
65

84.9330

&$3-52-27.2

650000

63-52-27.2

50.0000

0.4

29,6948

9-27-57.0

190.9710

41-15-34.8

40,9033

4579.478

41-1%-34.8

5719~

0.10513034

ACRES

SAMPLE

JOBS

12C/L

22
8

Figure

4-2

Sample

Problem

SAMPLE JOBS

4.3

SAMPLE

¥
STORE

JOB

SUBDIVISION

EXAM PLE

SURLIVISION

10000 .

COMPUTATION

COMFPUTATION

AND

FLOTTING

10000,

REARIN G

LOCATE

6740

33,0

P98

P34, 3547

.5BHL

ANGLE

16
10

P706.86863

285.8

42,

(285.5

42,

PT O AND

FOINT

974, 5179
Léa

2 Lo—03

L1652

¢+

P629.1492

09
. G179

P&H2Y
. 2452

FOINT
P8746.4879

P761.8712

STORE

285.5

=90,

?991.5204

LOCATE

FLOURL

111 O

ClLéR

CLal.

217

ROAD

REARIN G

LOCATLE

128

v 90

122,

4447

POVE

IS R

[

L7004

]

35,

SOV REY

FOINT

10088.4215

11t N &2 27,
INTERSECTION IS AT

~NESAC

DEFINE

FOINT

CURVE

PP70,.5819

?882.1387

LOC

W 10
SEGMENT

FIGURE

ANGLE

LOCATE

249

90,

G0,

11.35

~-48

(50

11.5

246

CURVE

oOrF

SAC

FTOOF

€At

FOINT

(180,

40)

FOINT

11.%

)

FOINT

10124.7737

9745.,3083

| NTERSECT

LANE

1 14 N 62 27.
INTERSECTION IS AT
23

W
10
SEGMENT

LOC

FOINT

P47 .4564

?837.8106

FIGURE
2024

10143.2746

P780.7726

FIGURE

101291737

?818.2047

FOINT

CURVE
10111.5474

2864 .9949

STORE

T NTERSECT

LINE

1He

1358

PE20. 6640

LO227.3315

PPEI L5423

FOINT

10130.1448

1oL
|SO

STORE

FTOHRE

CURVE

SAMPLE JOBS

COMRPUTE

LOCATE

FE RIMETER

LOTS

BEARIN G
3

P0.36

P926.3141

11.

FOINT

10313.4917%

292.6

P676.9517

FOINT

10353.8050
2526
10353.7321

G8.

227,32

?551.8240
7

FIGURE

173.19

P628.8078

LINE

INTE RSECTION

LOT

9806.1581

P762.3994

30
8N

23,

DEFINE

STORE

X
SEGMENT

CUL~DE~SAC
FOINT

FOINT

SEGMENT

FOINT

$782.1603
¥

WITH

10121.7586

INTERSECTION

STORE

LINES

P746,.8812
2

10178.805%2

Ao
N ¥

INTERSECTION

FOINT

10174,1871

INTERSECTION

22,9768

INTERSECTIONS

248

SEGMENT

P694.4203

LOCATE

FOINT

P71 2726

INTERSECT
9

346.5

FOINT

k]
&

SEGMENT

10054.1324

FIGURES

FIGURE

(10

C26L

CléL

10)

(11

C2A7R

18
19

24
19

G-7

C26L

13)

20
27

013

30
27

1359

(23

C 18R

CléL

23)

AREA

RBEARINGS
17

LOT

P934.3567

?986.5851

1 0000.0000

10000.0000

P975.4467

10120.1468

?820.6645

10088.4215

?882.1387

9970.5819

4-12

11-33-

0.0

67,0000

78-27~

0.0

122.,6300

11-35-

0.0

138.0000

6227~

0.0

132.9107

SAMPLE

9991.3204

9706 .8663

9934, 3567

?986.58%51

JOBS

&67-28-21.8

DELTA=

10-58-38.,2

78-27-

17313,4679

ARE A=

LOT

=
SQ.FT,

0.0

0.397446738

285.,35000
L=

94.6989

285.5000

ACRES

PE20. 46645

10088.421%

YP75 4467

10120.14468

PP53.5423

10227.331%

POR6.3141

1O313.4915

9806, 1581

10174.18%71

11-3&-

0.0

158.0000

78-27-

0.0

109.4000

227450

?0.3600

49-13-15,0

183.96%2

40.0000

10143.2746

98182047

10129 .1737

PBEALH94Y

10111.5476

?820.6645

10088.421%5

DELTA=

21-14-5%,1

20-38-30.0

40.0000

20-38-30,0

S0.,0000

DELTA=

48-11-30.0

2733~

ARE A=

0. 50765411

10174,1871

992643141

10313.4915

PE76.9517

10353.8050

P762.3994

10178.8052

N
5

P780.7726

10143.,2746

9806.,1581

10174.1871

ARE A=

42,0552
500000

0.0

22,6000

63-58-30.0

194.7465

62-39-21.8

40.0000

DELTA=

66-44-13.1

50-36-2%.1

SQWFT.=

9-11-

0.53317977

465912
40.0000

ACRES

20
10178.8052

P676,9517

10353.8050

P551.6917

10353.7321

S
w

9762,3994

10126.4122

9746.8812

10121.75864

?745.3083

10124.,7737

63-58-30.0

194.7445

LOT

23225.311

49-13-1%5,0

L.e=

49,7410

ACRES

0.0

?806.1581

LOT

SRFT,.
=

22113.413

97RO, 7726

125.28600

SAMPLE JOBS

P780.7726

10143.2746

P7462.3994

10178.8052

39972.809

ARE A

L.OT

DELTA=

90-12-21.8

42-39-21.8

SQAFT.=

0.921764942

10054.1324

?7446.8812

10121.7586

PE5H1.8240

10126.4122

?2628.8078

RO71L 2726

?782.14603

10054.1324

LAOT

SQFT.=

63-36-30.0

173.1900

0.0

174.3064

ENID

RUN

ACRES

0.49582986

9837.8106

P947.,4564

P782.,1603

10054,1324

P6H28.8078

PR7L2726

P624.4203

PBL2.9768

PH29. 1492

RO74, 5179

P874.4879

62-27=

0.0

120.3193

28-23~

0,0

174.,3064

0.0

162.1624

S6-41-51.7

165.0000

DELTA=

30-14-51.7

87.1072

&6~

P991.5204

9706.8663

PHI7.8106

. 4564
P47

ARE A=

ACRES

195,1127

40,0000

762753

21598, 349

ARE A=

Aen

b62.9757

?782.1603

2823~

{ o=

2E540.4656

3627~

0.0

146%5.0000

3627

0.0

285,5000

DELTA=

20-58-33.7

57-25-33,7

BRFT.=

0.58679192

ACRES

285,5000

SAMPLE

Figure

4-3

JOBS

Sample

Problem

APPENDIX

SUMMARY OF COGO COMMANDS

This appendix
abbreviations,
command is

1lists
the
associated

command
names alphabetically with
their
arguments,
and
the page number where the

explained in detail.

Valid

Name

ADJUST ANGULAR

ERROR

ADJUST AREA

AR,

ERR,

TRAVERSE

COMPASS

ATCP,

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

CRANDALL

TCR,

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

TRANSIT

TT,

ALIGNMENT

AGN,
OFFSET

ANGLES

TR CR,

TR,

ALG,

ALN

OFF

nclos

cloaz

aerr

[grid

descl

[desc2]

desc

nclos

accur

[nstr

brglst

aerr]

3-27

TR CR

desc

nclos

accur

[nstr

brglst

aerr]

3-27

desc

nclos

accur

[nstr

brglst

aerr]

3-27

TR CP

TRAN

cid pb ptt pa
pl

psl

ntc

nct

n ps2

IN,

INT

INTERSECT

INT

pcl

ARC

LINE

AZIMUTH

LA,

ARC

LINE

BEARING

ARC

LINE

POINTS

AREA

AR,

AREA AZIMUTH

AR A,

AREA

BR,
I,

ang2

pc2

npcrp

pcr

[offl

off2]

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT

BEARING

INTERSECT

AR AZ

A
A

B
INT

INT

3-23

3-49

3-37

3-39

[off]

3-38

[off]

desc
AZ,

3-29

3-78

angl

ARC

descrz]

3-47

desc

ARC

BEARINGS

Number

desc

AGL

COMP,

ANN,

ANG,

INTERSECT

Arguments

ADJUST

ALIGNMENT

Page

Abbreviations

desc

desc
n

azl

az2

[offl

brl

br2

[off

off2]
off2]

SAONVWWOD 0900 40 ZXYVHWHAS

Command

vValid
Abbreviations

Sp,

Arguments

COMPOUND

SPIRAL

CONVERT

MERIDIAN

COM,

CMR

descl

CO OF

arc

OF,

COM

COORDINATE

OFFSET

COORDINATE

POA

POA,

COORDINATE

POSP

POS,

PSP.

POA,

cid

pb pcs

nsc

desc2

CURVE

SPIRAL

Sp,

SPL

DEFINE

CURVE

Cv,

DEF

cid

ntc

DELETE

COORDINATES

CO,

desc

DELETE

FIGURES

ntt

arc
ang

dcl

3-64

stc

ptt pct

sct pc

ALIGNMENT AZ

DESC

desc

psl

[pol

ps2

ps3]

DESCRIBE

ALIGNMENT

DESC

desc

psl

[pol

ps2

ps3]

DIST

desc

pl p2 pc div

DIS,

DT,

DIVIDE

ARC

AR,

DIVIDE

FIGURE

DIV

FIG

desc

DIVIDE

LINE

DL,

END

JOB

E/O/J,

EO J

END

RUN

E/O/R,

E O R

DST,

sign

3-52

3-6

desc

DISTANCE

sign

[scale]

DESCRIBE

dc2

div
div

[nl}]

nl
[nl]

SANVWWOD 090D 40 XYVWHAS

Name

Command

Page

Command Name

valid
Abbreviations

EXTEND ARC

FIGURE ARC INTERSECT

FAI,

FAR

FIGURE FIGURE INTERSECT

FFI,

FFGIN

FIGURE LINE INTERSECT

FIG

INT

n fgn p az pi

FIT ALIGNMENT

AL,

cid pb ptt dc arcl arc2 def sign

FIT CURVE

FIT CRV

FORESECTION

INVERSE AZIMUTHS

IAZ,

INA

desc

3-72

INVERSE BEARINGS

BR,

INB

desc

3-72

pon

INT

arc

fgn pc

fgl

[offfgqg]

[offfgl offfg2]

fg2 pi

[(offfg off]

pl p2 p3 nl nc n2

FORE,

n j

FRS

angl

[offl off2]

3-13
3-37

3-60

SPIRAL

LS,

LNS,

n pl

LIST COORDINATES

LC,

L CO,

LST C

desc

3-69

LIST FIGURES

FG,

LST

desc

3-70

LIST POINT NUMBERS

PN,

LST

P N,

LOCATE ANGLE

L AG,

L ANG,

LOCATE AZIMUTH

L AZ,

LOC AZ,

LOCATE BEARING

BR,

LOC

p n

LOCATE DEFLECTION

L DFL,

DEF

LINE

P NUM

LC AN

LC AZ

k ang2

[r]

desc

pl p2

n ang

p nazd
br

n def

SANVWWOD 0900 40 ZXYVKWHNS

FS,

E AR

EX A,

Number

Arguments

vValid
Abbreviations

Arguments

desc

Page

FROM ALIGNMENT

LFA,

LOCATE

LINE

LN,

LOC

OFFSET ALIGNMENT

O AL

PARALLEL

FIGURE

FG,

PARALLEL

LINE

FAL

PAR

p psl

ps2

[off]

fgn

offfg

off

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT

PAI,

PAZ

n pl

az3

[offl

off2]

POINTS

BEARING

INTERSECT

PBI,

PBRI

n pl

br3

[offl

off2]

POINTS

INTERSECT

n pl

pd4

POINTS

ON ALIGNMENT

POA,

INT

PTOA

desc p psl

[offl

[off

090D

POINTS

40 XYVWHWAS

LOCATE

Number

off2]

ps2

ps3]

3-46

PUNCH COORDINATES

COR

desc

PUNCH

desc

REDEFINE

RDF,

SET

ERROR LIMIT

ERR

LIM,

SET

OUTPUT

DSK:

OUT

DSK,

DSK

SET

OUTPUT

LPT:

OL,

OUT

TTY,

TTY

3-3

SET OUTPUT

TTY:

S OT, S OUT TTY; S O TTY

3-3

FIGURES

SEGMENT

SG,

RDFN

SGM,

SMT

LMT

3-5

num

3-3

[/name.ext]

3-4

p2r

3-73

SAONVWRWOO

Name

Command

Name

valid
Abbreviations

SEGMENT

MINUS

SEGMENT

PLUS

SIMPLE

CURVE

SIMPLE

SPIRAL

MIN,
SG

SMP

LENGTH

SPL

SPIRAL OFFSET

SPIRAL

SPR

SPIRAL

STAKING NOTES

START

s/0/3,

STATION

STATIONS

JOB

FROM COORDINATES

AND

OFFSETS

STORE

SFC,
S

PL,

ScCv,

Page

SPL

Arguments

Number

3-74

PLS

cid

STREETS

INTERSECT

ntt

cid pts psc

SRL

OFF

FG,

INT,

pts2

inst

ntt

sign
sign

sign

ibs

arc2

rad

3-63

[desc]

3-75

[/name]

SFCO

cang

np
n

s 0J

nct dc

cid pb pts ntt nsc +1s dc
cid pb nts ntt psc -1ls dc

OFF

3-54

STR

FIGURE

pb ptc

p ps

eas

nor

desc2

3-45

fgn desc

STR

descl

fgl

£fg2

ncls

nll

nlr

nrl

nrr

SANVWHOO 090D 40 XYVWHAOS

Command

Page

Command Name

valid
Abbreviations

Arguments

TANGENT

TANGENT OFFSET

TRAVERSE ANGLES

AN,

TR ANG

desc

3-76

TRAVERSE AZIMUTHS

AZ,

TR AZ

desc

3-76

TRAVERSE

BEARINGS

BR,

TRV

desc

3-76

TRAVERSE

DEFLECTIONS

DEF,

DFL

desc

OF,

OFF

pcl

n pl

rl
p3

pc2

[sign

ext]

3-9

3-12

SANVWWOD 0900 40 ZA¥VWHAS

TNG,

Number

APPENDIX

ERROR MESSAGES

Error

Message

ARC GREATER THAN
SPIRAL LENGTH

Error

Cause of

Command

COORDINATE

POSP

along the spiral
The distance
is
input
as specified in the
greater than the length of the
presently
is
that
spiral
stored.

AREA NOT FOUND
AFTER 20 TRIES

ADJUST AREA

COGO has not been able to find
a position for the sides being
the
gives
that
adjusted
desired

BAD DATA

(ANY COMMAND)

The

area.

supplied

data

command

1is

not

this

for

accordance

for
required
data
the
with
The
particular command.
this
the
where
point in the input
is
detected
was
error
underline
no
If
underlined.
the error was caused
appears,
the
If
data.
by not enough
not
1is
error
the
of
cause

input
the
compare
apparent,
in
codes
the data
against
COGO

Summary

Appendix A,
Commands.

DISTANCE IS ZERO

LOCATE AZIMUTH
LOCATE BEARING
LOCATE ANGLE

LOCATE DEFLECTION
LOCATE

LINE

FIGURE X CHANGED

STORE

FIGURE

FIRST POINT
DIFFERENT
FROM LAST

as
specified
distance
The
input to this command is zero.
message
warning
a
is
This
to advise the user of
printed
an unlikely situation.
This

message

AREA

The

wuser

AREA AZIMUTHS
AREA BEARINGS
ADJUST AREA

open

serves

warning to the user that he is
old
The
figure.
changing a
so that it
1is printed
value
can be restored if necessary.
COGO

has

compute

traverse.

requested

the

area

that
on

ERROR MESSAGES

Error

Message

INVALID

COMMAND

Command

Cause

(NONE)

The first nonblank
column
this
record
contains

Error

alphabetic

indicating
first letter
the

be
INVALID

FIGURE

(MANY)

INVALID
PARTS

NUMBER OF

INVALID

POINT

character

that
of a

command as
recognized.

it
1is
command,

the
but
cannot

entered

The
number
specified
figure
number
1is
not
range

DIVIDE

LINE

DIVIDE

ARC

DIVIDE

FIGURE

(MANY)

from

attempt

store

as
in

a
the

9999,

The
number of parts
is not positive.

of
an

has

specified

been

point

made

with

point

number
that
is
Zero
or
negative
or
dreater than the
length of the coordinate
area

INVALID POINT
X TO Y

RANGE

greater

than

9999.

DIVIDE

LINE

DIVIDE

ARC

DIVIDE

The
points
to
be
specified
by
the

FIGURE

parts

and

number

the

starting

include

invalid point.
INVALID
INTERVAL

STATION
X

LARGER RADIUS

MUST

POINTS

defined
number

TANGENT

The first
radius
smaller than the

FIRST

sign

and

ANGLE

DIVIDE

One

ARC

entered
second,

1is
and

have

been

the

angle

cross

the

sides

to
be divided has
and,
therefore,
direction.
NO

CURVE

DEFINED

COORDINATE

POA

These

COORDINATE

OFFSET

curve

STATION

FROM

COORDINATE
OFFSET

INTERSECTION

one

specified

specified.
NO

point

1least

The station interval
is not positive.

ALIGNMENT

zero length
has
no

commands
be

require that a
previously stored
by

an
alignment or
command.

defined

curve

ALIGNMENT

(INTERSECTION

COMMANDS)

The
specified elements do not
intersect, or the intersection
cannot

be computed because
some
condition
noted
in
earlier error message.

LINE

as
of

PARALLEL

LINE

The points specified to define
the
line
have
the
same
coordinates and, therefore, do
not define

line.

ERROR MESSAGES

Error

Message

Command

NO OFFSET

TANGENT

POSSIBLE

SPIRAL

Cause

OFFSET

Error

offset

can

computed

because of a previously
noted
error
condition;
or
1in the
case of
tangent
offset,
the
two
points
defining the line
are actually the
same
point,
or
in
the
case
of
spiral
offset, the
offset
does
not
fall on the spiral;
or it has
not

been

found

after

1000

tries.
NO PREVIOUS

CURVE

The station has been specified
as -1
meaning that stationing
is to be carried forward
from
the
previous
curve,
but
no
previous curve has been stored
by
an
alignment
or
define

ALIGNMENT

TO DEFINE
STATIONING

curve

NO SPIRAL DEFINED

SPIRAL

OFFSET

COORDINATE
LINE

SPIRAL

CURVE

NO TANGENT

SPIRAL

TANGENT

These
spiral

simple
or

This
No

commands
to
be

require
a
stored
by
a
spiral
1length,

spiral,

compound

has

not

tangent

spiral

command.

been done.
1is

being

computed

because of the condition noted
in
a
previous
message
oOr
because
one
circle
lies
entirely
within
the other or
because
a
Cross
tangent

POSSIBLE

POINT

POSP

command.

CHANGED

between

intersecting

has

requested.

PREVIOUS JOB
TERMINATED

ADJUST

circles

The coordinates
being
stored
for
point
X
are
replacing
previously stored
coordinates

(MANY)

for

POINT X OR Y OUT
OF SEQUENCE

been

AREA

Points X and Y were
specified
as
the
starting
and
ending
points
of
the
sides
to
be
adjusted.
However,
one
of
these
points
1is
not
1in the
description.
Or one
of
them
is
the first or last point in
the description, or Y precedes
X in the description.
A START OF. JOB was

read

during

the current job.
The
current
job
1is terminated so that the
new job can be
started.
The
table in use by the terminated
job is updated as if an END OF
JOB

had

been

read.

ERROR MESSAGES

Error

Message

Command

LESS

SEGMENT

RADIUS

HALF

THAN

SEGMENT

CHORD

Cause

PLUS

SEGMENT MINUS

SECOND

FIGURE
SMALLER THAN FIRST

CONVERT

SIDE AT X HAS
CHANGED DIRECTION

ADJUST

MERIDIAN

AREA

The
distance
between the two
points
specified
1is
greater
than
twice
the
radius
specified.
Therefore,
the
points cannot be on the curve.

of the points
The description
to be defined
contains
fewer
points
than
the
number
of
points to be converted.
required is so
The adjustment
great that the
sides
of
the
figure
no
longer
intersect
unless

TANGENT

FIT

LENGTH

CURVE

ZERO

UNDEFINED DIRECTION ADJUST AREA

UNDEFINED

FIGURE

UNDEFINED

POINT

UNDEFINED

RADIUS

LOCATE

ANGLE

LOCATE

DEFLECTION

LOCATE

LINE

Error

extended

backwards.

The
two
points
specified to
define one of the tangents are
identical and therefore do not
define a line.
Two points that define
are identical.

line

(MANY)

This command has requested use
of
figure
X.
This figure is
not currently defined.

(MANY)

This command has requested
of point X.
This point is
currently defined.

FIT

The radius was
not
specified
in the input nor is it defined
by coincidence of nb
and
npc

CURVE

npt

and

na.

use
not

APPENDIX

OPERATING PROCEDURES

C.l1

LOGGING ON THE SYSTEM

identifies

the

user

the computer

system.

TOPS-10 Login

C.1.1

Before login,

obtain a project-programmer

number

and a password.

To begin interaction with the terminal, press the key labeled CTRL and
at
the same time type a C.
This is called typing a control C.
After
typing a control C, TOPS-10 prints the period as a prompt character.
After the operating system prompt, type LOGIN, type a space,
appropriate project-programmer number, and press RETURN.
.LOGIN

After

the

200,200

The project-programmer
identification
number

number
(PPN)
followed
by

identification number.

programmer

type

system responds with

a
1to
6-digit
project
comma
and
a
1l- to 6- digit

the password prompt,

type

the password.

PASSWORD:

The entire LOGIN procedure

shown as

follows:

.LOGIN 200,200
PASSWORD:

TOPS-20 Login

C.1.2

Before login,

obtain a user name,

a password,

and an account string.

To begin interaction with the terminal, press the key labeled CTRL and
at
the same time type a C.
This is called typing a control C.
After
typing a control C, TOPS-20 prints a system message and the at sign as
a prompt

character.

After the operating
to call

system prompt,

the guide word

@LOGIN

(USER)

for

the

type LOGIN,

next argument.

and press the

ESC

key

OPERATING PROCEDURES

After

the guide word

(USER),

type

the

user

name,

and

press

the

ESC

key.

QroGgIN

(USER)

After (PASSWORD),
are not printed),

@r,0cIN
After

@LoGIN
To complete

C.2

cogo

type

(USER)
the

(PASSWORD)

type the password
and press the ESC

(USER)

(ACCOUNT),

cogo

coGo

accouht

the

password

string.

(PASSWORD)

procedure,

(ACCOUNT)

(PASSWORD)

the

(the characters
key.

(ACCOUNT)

press

pROJ.TASK

RETURN.

SPECIFYING A FILE

All programs, data, and
labeled
and
stored.
specification.

C.2.1

text must be written
The
label
on
a
.

into
file

files.
Each file is
1is
called
a
file

TOPS-10 File Specification

The TOPS-10

file

specification

format

is as

follows:

dev:filename.ext[proj.prog]
where

dev:

The 3- to 6-character
containing the file.

filename

The

.ext

The
of

[proj,progl]

C.2.2

TOPS-20

The TOPS-20

specifies

file extension
the

the

the physical

name of

specifies

the

device

file.

general

purpose

file.

Two octal numbers separated by commas and enclosed
by square brackets.
The project-programmer number
identifies the user and the
user's” file
storage
area on the file structure.

File

file

filename

name of

Specification

specification format

is as follows:

dev:<dir>filename.typ.gen
where

dev:

The physical

logical

structure

containing

the

file.

<dir>

The directory
name
storage area on the

filename

The

filename

identifies
the
file structure.

specifies

C-2

the

name of

the

user's

file.

file

OPERATING

.typ

The

file

type

PROCEDURES

specifies

the

general purpose

the

number

file.
.gen

The

generation

times

C.3

CREATING AN

Two methods

create

Keypunch

Use

C.3.1

INPUT

data

text

file

number

indicates

the

updated.

FILE
a

COGO

input

file

are

follows:

cards.

editor.

Using Cards

When using cards to create the COGO input file, keypunch the
commands
and data as specified in Chapter 3.
After the deck is keypunched, run
COGO using the cards as input.
Specify the card reader as
the
input
device
when entering the filename to COGO.
The same procedure can be
used for any subsequent runs.

Some

cards

can

used

from

run

run.

If dealing with cards becomes
cumbersome,
transfer
the
information
from
the
card reader to another input device.
Section C.8 describes
how to transfer or copy files.

C.3.2
Using

Using The Text Editor
a

text editor

requires

the

user

familiar

with

editing

commands.

any time
TOPS-10
or

after

the

text editor is called by typing
SOS
for
TOPS-20
in response to the operating system

prompt.

Enter the commands and data as described in Chapter 3.
Because
COGO
accepts
data in a free format (not position or column justified), the
data for a command can be continued on
as
many
1lines
as
required.
COGO
continues
to
read
data
after
the
command
until
all input
requirements are satisfied.
Until a
new
command
1is
entered,
COGO
assumes

will

After

key.

C.4

that the same commands repeats and
each line of input, press the RETURN

read

data.

LISTING A FILE

To list a file on the user terminal,
the operating system prompt:
TYPE

continue

list

the

following

command

after

command

after

filespec

file

the operating
PRINT

give

the

line

printer,

system prompt:

filespec

give

the

following

OPERATING PROCEDURES

the
see
commands,
PRINT
and
System
Operating
DECsystem-10

TYPE
the
on
information
more
For
the
and
Guide
User's
DECSYSTEM-20

Commands Manual.

C.5

RUNNING COGO

To run COGO, type the following command

the

after

system

operating

prompt:

RUN
~Nryav

COGO

COGO responds with a program identification and the following prompt:
SPECIFY INPUT DEVICE/FILENAME>

The user response to the prompt is either an

input

device

name

for

conversational
node
input
or a file specification for the disk file
containing the COGO input data.
Possible responses are as follows:
TTY:

XXXXXX

Input data is accepted
from

the

wuser's
the

conversational

terminal.

character

mode

The COGO prompt for

input data

Input data
XXXXXX
1is

is read from the file xxxxxx.DAT, where
a
filename
with
a
maximum
of
six

characters.

XXXXXX.

Input data is read from the
file
=xxxxxx.,
where
XXXXXX
1is
a
filename
with
a
maximum
of
six
characters.
No file extension is used.

XXXXXX.ext

Input data is read from the file xxxxxx.ext, where
XXxXXX
1is
a
filename
with
a
maximum
of
six
characters and ext is
a
file
extension
with
a
maximum of

After answering

three

characters.

the previous prompt and pressing RETURN, COGO responds

with the following prompt:

SPECIFY OUTPUT DEVICE/FILENAME>

The user response to the prompt is either an output device name
or
a
file
specification
for
COGO
output.
Possible
responses' are
as
follows:

TTY:

LPT:
YYYYYY

COGO output is
terminal.

printed

directly

the

user's

COGO output is printed directly on the system line

printer.

COGO output is written
to
the
file
yyyyyy.DAT,
where
yyyyyy
is a filename with a maximum of six
characters.

YYYYYY.

COGO output is written to the file yyyyyy.,
yyYyyyyy
1is
characters.

filename
with
a
maximum
No file extension is used.

where

six

YYYYYY.ext

COGO

OPERATING

PROCEDURES

output

written

where

characters
maximum of

RET

C.6

yyyyyy

1is

the

filename

and ext is
a
file
three characters.

If neither a device nor a
COGO output is written to

file

with

yyyyyy.ext,

maximum

extension

filename
the file

six

with

1is
specified,
FORO3.DAT.

DIRECTORY LISTINGS

Each

user has a directory file that
contains
a
1list
of
the
files
stored
in
the user's directory.
To obtain a directory listing, give
the following command after the operating system prompt:
DIRECTORY

C.7

DELETING

To delete
system

FILES

file,

give

the

following

command

after

the

operating

prompt:

DELETE

filespec

COPYING FILES

C.8

To copy a

file,

give

the

following

command

after

the

operating

system

prompt:

COPY

filespec-1

filespec-2

This procedure
files.

can

magtape,

use

DECtape

Commands or

C.9

the

create

see

DECSYSTEM-20

back-up

the

copy

DECsystem-10

current

Operating

input

System

User's Guide.

ABORTING COGO

terminate

leave COGO after

the

run

before

its

completing

logical

run,

conclusion,

press

type

RUN

END OF

CTRL/C

twice.

response

COGO prompt.

C.10
To

used

LOGGING OFF THE

logout,

give

the

SYSTEM
following

command

after

prompt:

---

TOPS-10

---

TOPS-20 —--

KJOB

LOGOUT

the

operating

system

Glossary

Ahead Tangent

tangent exiting

The

from a curve.

Alignment

A series of

tangents

and

circular

centerline of a highway or easement.

Angle

curves

that

describe

the

(ang)

" Circular measurement taken from the intersection
of
two
1lines;
given
in degrees, minutes, and seconds where degrees and minutes
are integers and seconds may
contain
a
decimal
part
and
are
measured

in a clockwise direction.

Arc

Arc length for curves in a horizontal plane.
1In circular curves,
arc
1is
measured from tc to ct;
in spirals from ts to sc.
(See
point names.)

Back

Tangent

The

Bearing

tangent entering

curve.

(br)

An angle less than 90 degrees between a line
and
a
north-south
line
and
measured
either
<clockwise
or
counterclockwise from
either north or south.
Denoted by a quadrant number and angle or
two direction notations.

Center

curvature.

cid

The curve identification number of a circular curve or a
It must be an integer in the range 0 to 999.

Glossary-1

spiral.

GLOSSARY

cl
Curve

Closure

Distance

The

Closure

length.

length

the

closure

Line

The line between the
desired end point.

Command

actual

end

point

traverse

and

the

Statements

Predefined codes used
geometry problem.

Command

line.

with

data

files

define

the

actual

String

line of input
data fields.

containing

command

name

code

and

list

both

Compound Curve
A

curve

with

the same

two or
direction.

different

degrees

curvature,

Coordinate Table
A

set

9999

points

upon

which

COGO

subprograms

operate.

A linear

distance.

Data Field
A portion

input

string

that

has

specific

meaning

program.

the

dc
The degree of curvature of
as the central angle which

a circular
subtends a

curve.
The dc
100-foot arc.

defined

Default

A predetermined

not

entered.

value

that

assumed

Glossary-2

user

specified

value

GLOSSARY

Deflection Angle

(def)

Clockwise measurement between the extension of a

line and another

line.

Degree

Curvature

Central angle of a circle which subtends a 100-foot arc and equal
to 18000/nr degrees where r is the radius of the circle.
div

Number

of divisions.

eas

The distance of a point east of

the origin.

Message

Error

A message telling the
wuser
that
an
error
usually contains information to help the user

has
occurred.
fix the error.

ext

In the TANGENT command,
ext=1
indicates
an
external
tangent;
ext=-1
indicates
an
internal,
or
cross
tangent.
In a file
specification, ext is the extension.

Field

See Data .field.

Format

An organization of

information.

Grade

in percent.

Independent Curve

A curve that has no relationship to previous curves.

1/0

An abbreviation for

Input/Output

Input

Information

read

into

the

computer.

Glossary-3

GLOSSARY

Input File
A device

are

run

read

storage
a

area

disk

from which

data

commands

program.

Integer

Whole

number

containing

neither

fractional

part

nor

decimal

point.

Interactive

Mode

A method of using
COGO
performed at a keyboard

in
which
terminal.

both

input

and

output

are

1ls

The length of a spiral curve.
The
length along the spiral from ts to
a compound spiral.

Method

Least

distance
sc, or c¢cs

1is
to

defined
sc in the

as
the
case of

Squares

A
method
satisfying

which
matches
the equation;

two

functions,

£(x)

and

g(x),

the

user

via

[£(x)=-g(x)]2dx=minimum

Output

Information transferred
peripheral device.

from

the

computer

some

Overflow

condition

information

that

occurs

space

too

when

the

small

for

computer

attempts

put

it.

Point Names
The

following

points

conventions

alignment

and

have

spiral

been

followed

the

naming

commands.

A point name consists of a prefix and/or a
suffix.
The
determines
whether
the
point
has been defined, and the
determines where the point occurs in the curve.

prefix
suffix

Prefixes:
P

denotes a predefined
coordinate table.

Denotes

point

new point whose

with

coordinates

Glossary-4

are to

stored

found.

the

GLOSSARY

Suffixes:

denotes

the

station of a predefined point.

denotes a point on the

denotes a point on

denotes the center of a circle or circular arc.

denotes

denotes the point of

transition from curve to

tangent.

denotes

transition from tangent

to spiral.

denotes the point of transition from spiral

denotes the point of

ahead

the back

tangent.
tangent.

the point of transition from tangent

the point of

transition

from

to curve.

to tangent.

spiral

«circular

curve.

denotes the point

transition

from

circular

curve

spiral.

denotes the point of

intersection of

two tangents.

Polygon

A multiple-sided figure made by the
same

intersection of lines

the

plane.

Quadrant

Indicates which 90

sector

a bearing

falls

in.

NE=1,

SE=2,

SwW=3,

and NW=4.

Radius of

Reverse

circle.

Curve

A
curve
which
changes
direction
counterclockwise, or vice-versa.

from

clockwise

Segment

A figure made by the

intersection of a circular

arc and a chord.

sign

Indicates whether a curve turns right or
left.
When
traveling
from
the back tangent to the ahead tangent, sign=1l.
indicates a
right turn,

and

sign=-1.

a left

turn.

Glossary-5

GLOSSARY

Special

Operators

A comparative

value that can be
actual distance, angle, azimuth,

Spiral

substituted

and

in
a
command
bearing measurements.

for

Term describing a transition spiral
is, going from a line to a circle.

with decreasing

radius;

that

with

radius;

that

Spiral Out
Term describing a transition
is, going from a circle to a

spiral
line.

increasing

Station
The

length

point on

Tangent length,
intersection of

In an

road

along

alignment,

path

measured,

measured
from
the tangents.

x measures

the

from

the

starting

horizontal

point

distance

Glossary-6

from pb

point

tangency

plane.

tc.

the

INDEX

Abbreviating a command
3-1
Abbreviation, 1-3, 2-1
Aborting COGO, C-5
Account string, C-1

name,

ADJUST ANGULAR ERROR

command, 3-29
ADJUST AREA command, 1-2,
3-23
Adjust commands, 3-21
ADJUST

TRAVERSE COMPASS
command, 3-27

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

command,
ADJUST

CRANDALL

3-27

TRAVERSE

TRANSIT

command, 3-27
Alignment, 2-5
ALIGNMENT command, 3-49
Alignment commands, 3-45
ALIGNMENT OFFSET command,
2-7, 3-47
Angle,

rotation,

Angles,

1-1,

3-21

2-2,

ANGLES, 3-78
ANGLES INTERSECT

2-3,

2-4

INTERSECT

command,

3-39

ARC

LINE AZIMUTH

command,

3-38

ARC
ARC

Command,
ADJUST ANGULAR ERROR,
3-29

ADJUST AREA,
ADJUST

LINE BEARING command,
3-38
LINE POINTS command,
3-39

3-23

COMPASS,

ADJUST

TRAVERSE

CRANDALL,

3-27
ADJUST

TRAVERSE

TRANSIT,

3-27

ALIGNMENT, 3-49
ALIGNMENT OFFSET, 2-7,
3-47
ANGLES INTERSECT, 3-37
ARC ARC INTERSECT, 3-39
ARC LINE AZIMUTH, 3-38
ARC LINE BEARING, 3-38
ARC LINE POINTS, 3-39
AREA, 1-2, 3-72
AREA AZIMUTHS, 1-2, 3-72,
3-76

Area,

figure, 3-6
AREA AZIMUTHS command, 1-2,
3-72, 3-76
AREA BEARINGS command, 1-2,
3-72, 3-76
AREA command, 1-2, 3-72
Asterisk, 1-2, 3-1
AZIMUTH INTERSECT command,
1-3, 3-35
Azimuths, 1-1, 2-2, 2-3,
2-5

Batch mode,
BEARING

1-1

INTERSECT

1-3, 3-35
Bearings, 1-1,
2-4

Blank

1-2,

TRAVERSE

3-27

3-37

ARC ARC

Card reader, C-3
Cards, C-3
Circular curve, 3-13, 3-49
COGO,
aborting, C-5
COGO command, 1-1
COGO commands, 2-7, 3-1
COGO commands,
summary of, A-1
COGO input file, C-3
COGO job, 2-7, 3-3
COGO table, 1-2, 2-7, 3-3,
3-6, 3-7
COGO.DSK, 3-4
COGTAB.TMP, 3-3

input

command,

2-2,

record,

2-3,
3-1

AREA BEARINGS,

1-2,

3-72,

3-76

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT,

1-3,

3-35
BEARING

INTERSECT,

1-3,

3-35

C0OGO, 1-1
COMPOUND SPIRAL, 3-61
CONVERT MERIDIAN, 3-21

COORDINATE OFFSET, 3-53
COORDINATE POA, 3-53
COORDINATE POSP, 3-60
CURVE SPIRAL, 3-64
DEFINE CURVE, 3-49
DELETE COORDINATES, 3-6
DELETE FIGURES, 3-7
DISTANCE, 3-71
DIVIDE ARC, 3-14
DIVIDE FIGURE, 3-15
DIVIDE LINE, 3-14

Index-1

INDEX

Command (Cont.)
DIVIDE/AREA, 1- 2
END OF JOB, 1-2 ’
END OF RUN,
EXTEND ARC,

FIGURE ARC
3-41

1-2 ¢
3-32

Command

2= 7,
2= 7,

3-3
3-3

INTERSECT,

FIGURE
2-7,

FIGURE
3-42

FIGURE
2-7,

LINE
3-40

2-7,

INTERSECT,

FIT ALIGNMENT, 3-65
FIT CURVE, 3-13
FORESECTION, 3-37
INVERSE AZIMUTHS, 3-72
INVERSE BEARINGS, 3-72
LINE SPIRAL, 3-60
LIST COORDINATES, 3-69
LIST FIGURES, 3-70
LIST POINT NUMBERS, 3-71
LOCATE ANGLE, 3-31, 3-33
LOCATE AZIMUTH, 3-31,
3-33
LOCATE BEARING, 3-31,
3-33
LOCATE DEFLECTION, 3-32
LOCATE DIRECTION, 3-33
LOCATE
2-7,

FROM ALIGNMENT,
3-47

LOCATE LINE, 3-32, 3-33
OFFSET ALIGNMENT, 3-54
PARALLEL FIGURE, 3-16
PARALLEL LINE, 3-15
POINTS AZIMUTH INTERSECT,
3-36
POINTS BEARING INTERSECT,
3-36
POINTS INTERSECT, 1-3,
3-35
POINTS ON ALIGNMENT, 2-7,
3-46

PUNCH COORDINATES,
PUNCH FIGURES, 3-7

3-5

REDEFINE, 3-5
SEGMENT, 3-73

SEGMENT MINUS, 3-74
SEGMENT PLUS, 3-74
SET ERROR LIMIT, 3-3
SET OUTPUT DSK:, 3-4
SET OUTPUT LPT:, 3-3
SET OUTPUT TTY:, 3-3
SIMPLE CURVE, 3-13, 3-14
SIMPLE
SPIRAL

SPIRAL,
LENGTH,

(CONT.)

3-55
3-58

SPIRAL OFFSET, 3-59
SPIRAL SPIRAL, 3-63
STAKING NOTES, 3-75
START OF JOB, 1-2, 2-7,
3-3

(Cont.)

STATIONS AND OFFSETS,
3-45

2-7,

STATIONS FROM COORDINATES,
3-54
STORE, 3-5

STORE FIGURE, 3-6, 3-7
STREETS INTERSECT, 2-7 ’
3-17
TANGENT, 3-9
TANGENT OFFSET, 3-12
TRAVERSE ANGLES, 3-76
TRAVERSE AZIMUTHS, 3-76
TRAVERSE BEARINGS, 3-76
TRAVERSE DEFLECTIONS,
3-76

Command field, 3-1
Command name, 2-1, 3-1
Command name,
abbreviating a, 3-1
Command name field, 2- 1
Commands,
adjust, 3-21
alignment, 3-45
coGo, 2-7, 3-1
control, 1-2, 3-3
infinite extension, 2-7
intersect, 3-35
spiral, 3-55
summary of COGO, A-1
Comment, 1-2
COMPASS rule, 3-28
COMPOUND SPIRAL command,
3-61
Control commands, 1-2, 3-3
Conventions, 2-1
CONVERT MERIDIAN command,
3-21
Coordinate locations, 3-9
COORDINATE OFFSET command,
3-53
COORDINATE POA command,
3-53
COORDINATE POSP command,
3-60
Coordinates, 2-3, 3-5, 3-6
CoPY, C-5
Copy a file, C-5
CRANDALL rule, 3-28
CREATE, C-3
Create a COGO input file,
Cc-3
Curvature,

degree of,

1-3

Curve,

circular, 3-13, 3-49
CURVE SPIRAL command, 3-64

Curves,

Index-2

2-5

INDEX

Data,

integer,

Fields,

2-3

Data

descriptions,

Data
Data

field, 3-1
fields, 2-2

Data

types,

3-52

DEFINE

CURVE

Definitions,
of

DELETE,

3-2

FIGURE

command,

3-49

2-1

curvature,

DELETE

COORDINATES

1-3

file,

ARC

command,

3-7

Delimiter, 2-2
Delimiter method, 2-4
Description,
figure, 3-5
Descriptions,
data, 3-2
Device,
output, 3-3, 3-4
physical, C-2
Directions, 2-3
Directory, C-2

command,

Figure
FIGURE

FIGURE
LINE

copy

create

FIGURE

C-5

COGO
delete a, C-5
disk, 3-4
list a, C-3

output, 3-7
specifying a,
temporary,

3-14

DIVIDE/AREA command,

3-15

3-14

1-2

ALIGNMENT

FIT

CURVE

Editor,
text,
END

JOB

END

Error

EXTEND

command,

3-65

3-13

command,

3-37

2-2,

C-3

1-1,

2-2,

number,

C-3

Geometry,
command,

1-2,

3-3

RUN

2-7,

C-2

3-7

format,

Generation

C-3

2-7,

C-2

command,

free, 1-1,
input, 1-1

Free

C-3

3-3

FIT

FOR20.DAT,

command,

input,

File extension, C-2
File specification,
File type, C-3
Filename, C-2
First record, 3-3

C-5

3-71

command,

3-42

2-3

Format,

LINE

2-7,

INTERSECT

transposed,

DIVIDE

3-5

INTERSECT

command, 2-7, 3-40
Figure table, 3-6
Figures, 2-3
Figures,
maintaining, 3-5

FORESECTION

DIVIDE

3-41

3-6
description,

Distances, 1-1, 2-2
Ditto feature,
automatic, 2~-1, 3-1
command,

2-7,

area,

File,

C-5

Directory listings,
Disk file, 3-4
Distance,
slope, 3-33

ARC

2-6

INTERSECT

command,

C-5

FIGURES

Figure

FIGURE

3-6

DISTANCE

2-5

transposed,

C-5

DIRECTORY,

2-2

command,

Delete

DELETE

data,

Figure,

2-2

DEFINE,

Degree

(CONT.)

plane

coordinate,

Guide word,

command,

1-1

C-2

1-2,

3-3

messages,

ARC

1-1,

command,

Extension,
file, C-2
Extensions,
line, 3-9
Field,
command, 3-1
command name,
data, 3-1

2-1

B-1

3-32

Horizon,

3-33

Infinite extension
2-7
Input file,
CO0GO, C-3
Input format, 1l-1

Index~3

commands,

INDEX

Input record,
blank, 3-1
Integer data, 2-3
Integers, 2-3
Interactive mode,

(CONT.)

Maintaining
Maintaining
Messages,

error,

1-1

1-1,

delimiter, 2-4
quadrant, 2-4
Mode,

batch,

1-1

interactive, 1-1
off-line, 1-4
on-line, 1-3

3-72

INVERSE BEARINGS command,
3-72

Job,

Nadir,

Cco0Go, 2-7, 3-3
Jobs,
sample, 4-1

Name,

3-33

command,

2-1,

C-5

statement, 3-3
extensions, 3-9
printer, 3-3, C-3
SPIRAL command, 3-60
a file, C-3
COORDINATES command,
3-69

LIST FIGURES command, 3-70
LIST POINT NUMBERS command,
3-71

Local origin, 2-3
LOCATE ANGLE command,

3-1

user, C-1, C-2
Notation, 1-3, 3-2
Number,
generation, C-3
project-programmer,
Cc-2
Numbers,
quadrant,

Last
Line
Line
LINE
List
LIST

B-1

Method,

Intersect commands, 3-35
Intersections, 3-9
Introduction, 1-1
INVERSE AZIMUTHS command,

KJOB,

figures, 3-5
points, 3-5

3-31,

3-33

LOCATE AZIMUTH command,
3-31, 3-33
LOCATE BEARING command,
3-31, 3-33
LOCATE DEFLECTION command,
3-32
LOCATE DIRECTION command,

C-1,

2-2

Off-line mode, 1-4
OFFSET ALIGNMENT command,
3-54
On-line mode, 1-3
Operating procedures, C-1

Operating system prompt,
Cc-1
Optional tolerance value,
1-3

Origin,
local,

2-3

Output,

printed, 3-3
tabular, 3-69
Output device, 3-3,
Output file, 3-7
Overwriting, 3-4

3-4

3-33
LOCATE FROM ALIGNMENT

command, 2-7, 3-47
LOCATE LINE command, 3-32,
3-33

Locations,
coordinate, 3-9
Logging off the system,
Logical structure, C-2
Login, C-1
LOGIN, C-1
Logout, C-5
LOGOouT, C-5

PARA%L?%

FIGURE

PARALLEL

LINE

Password,

C-5

C-1,

command,

3-15

C-2

Physical device, C-2
Physical structure, C-2
Plane coordinate geometry,
1-1
Points,
maintaining,

Index-4

3-5

INDEX

POINTS

AZIMUTH

INTERSECT

command, 3-36
POINTS BEARING INTERSECT

command,
POINTS

3-36

INTERSECT

1-3,
POINTS

2-7,

PRINT,

command,

3-35
ALIGNMENT

command,

3-46

C-3

Printed output,
Printer,
line, 3-3

3-3

(CONT.)

Slope

distance,

Space,

3-33

3-1

Specification,
file, C-2
Specifying a file, C-2
Spiral commands, 3-55
SPIRAL

LENGTH

command,

3-58

SPIRAL

OFFSET

command,

3-59

SPIRAL

command,

3-63

STAKING

NOTES

command,

3-75

START

JOB

2-7,

3-3

command,

1-2,

Statement,

Procedures,
operating,

C-1
Project-programmer
c-1, C-2

last,

number,

3-3

STATIONS

AND

command,
STATIONS

Prompt,

operating system, C-1
COORDINATES command,
3-5
:
PUNCH FIGURES command, 3-7

PUNCH

OFFSETS

2-7,

FROM

command,

3-45

COORDINATES

3-54

STORE

command,

STORE

FIGURE

3-=5

command,

3-6,

3-7
STREETS

INTERSECT

2-7,

command,

3-17

String,
method, 2-4
numbers, 2-2

Quadrant
Quadrant

account,

C-1

Structure,

logical, C-2
physical, C-2
Summary

COGO

commands,

A-1

Record,
blank input, 3-1
first, 3-3
REDEFINE command, 3-5
Rotation angle, 3-21

System,

logging

off

the,

C-5

Rule,
COMPASS,
CRANDALL,
TRANSIT,

3-28
3-28
3-29

Table,
CoGO, 1-2, 2-7, 3-3,
3-7
figure, 3-6
Tabular output, 3-69

Run,

terminate a, C-5
Running COGO, C-4

TANGENT

command,

TANGENT

OFFSET

3-6,

3-9

command,

3-12

Sample

jobs,

4-1

SEGMENT

command,

SEGMENT

MINUS

SEGMENT

PLUS

SET

ERROR

3-73

command,
command,

3-74
3-74

LIMIT

command,

DSK:

command,

LPT:

command,

3-3
SET

OUTPUT

SET

OUTPUT

3-4

3-3
SET

TTY:

command,

3-3
CURVE

command,

3-13,

3-14
SIMPLE

file,

Terminal,
user's,

3-3,

SPIRAL

command,

3-3

C-3

Terminate

a run,
Text editor, C-3
Tolerance value,

C-5

optional, 1-3
TOPS-10, C-1, C-2
TOPS-20, C-1, C-2
TRANSIT

rule,

Transposed

OUTPUT

SIMPLE

Temporary

3-29

2-6
Transposed figures, 2-3
TRAVERSE ANGLES command,
3-76
TRAVERSE AZIMUTHS command,

3-76

3-55

Index-5

figure,

INDEX

TRAVERSE

BEARINGS command,

3-76

(CONT.)

User

name,

C-1,

User's terminal,

TRAVERSE DEFLECTIONS
command, 3-76

TYPE,

Type,

C-3

file,

Types,

data,

Word,

guide,

C-2

C-3

2-2

Zenith,

Index-6

3-33

C-2

3-3,

C-3

COGO-10/20
User's Manual
AA-5510A-TK

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