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Document:	User Utilities Manual Jun86
Order Number:	AA-0998B-TB
Revision:	0
Pages:	82
Original Filename:	AA-0998B-TB_User_Utilities_Manual_Jun86.pdf

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TOPS-10
User Utilities Manual
Order Number: AA-0998B-TB

June 1986

This manual contains descriptions of the TOPS-1 0 utilities,
their formats, and their usage.
This manual replaces the DECsystem-10 Utilities Manual
(DEC-10-UTILA-A-D), dated March 1975.

Operating System and Version:

digital equipment corporation

TOPS-10 V7.03

First Printing, March 1975
Revised, June 1 986
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.
Copyright © 1975, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The postpaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document
requests the user's critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC
DEC/CMS
DEC/MMS
DECnet
DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DEC US
DECwriter

DIBOL
EduSystem
lAS
MASSBUS
PDP
PDT
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RSX

UNIBUS
VAX
VAXcluster
VMS
VT

~UrnUl1~U

HOW TO ORDER ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
DIRECT MAIL ORDERS
USA & PUERTO RICO*

CANADA

INTERNATIONAL

Digital Equipment Corporation
P.O. Box CS2008
Nashua, New Hampshire
03061

Digital Equipment
of Canada Ltd.
100 Herzberg Road
Kanata, Ontario K2K 2A6
Attn: Direct Order Desk

Digital Equipment Corporation
PSG Business Manager
c/o Digital's local subsidiary
or approved distributor

In Continental USA and Puerto Rico call 800-258-1710.
In New Hampshire, Alaska, and Hawaii call 603-884-6660.
In Canada call 800-267-6215.

* Any prepaid order from Puerto Rico must be placed with the local Digital subsidiary (809-754-7575).
Internal orders should be placed through the Software Distribution Center (SDC), Digital Equipment
Corporation, Westminster, Massachusetts 01473.

CONTENTS

PREFACE
CHAPTER 1

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP

CHAPTER 2

CREATING DIRECTORIES AND SUB-FILE DIRECTORIES USING
CREDIR

CHAPTER 3

GETTING CROSS-REFERENCE LISTINGS USING CREF

CHAPTER 4

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM

CHAPTER 5

LISTING GLOBAL SYMBOLS USING GLOB

CHAPTER 6

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT

CHAPTER 7

CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER

CHAPTER 8

LOCAL FILE TRANSFER USING PIP

CHAPTER 9

LISTING DISK QUOTAS USING QUOLST

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF

CHAPTER 11

SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC

CHAPTER 12

DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY

CHAPTER

INDEX

iii

PREFACE

This manual describes the user utilities available with TOPS-10.
program descriptions are arranged alphabetically.

The

Before you read this manual,
you should be familiar with TOPS-10
command usage,
file specifications, and terminology.
If you need to
refer to any of the elements of the TOPS-10 command environment,
read
Chapter 1 of the TOPS-10 Operatin~ System Commands Manual.
Before you
attempt to use the programs described in this User Utilities Manual,
you must be familiar with the following concepts:
0

monitor and user levels

special control characters

switches and arguments

file specifications

device names

wildcard constructions

search lists and directory paths

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
The following conventions are used in this manual:
Convention

Meaning

addr

Program or location address.

arg

An argument to a command.

core

Referring to main (processor) memory.

CTRL/x

A control character.

date

A date in the form of two digits for the day, three
letters for
the month, and two digits for the year.
(For example, 22-AUG-86 represents August 22, 1986.)

date-time

The date and time in the standard format.
For example,
l3-SEP-86:13:00:00 represents September 13, 1986 at one
p.m ••

density

The density of a magnetic tape.
v

Convention

Meaning

dev:
device-name
devnn
devnnu
devu

Any logical or physical device name. (You must include
a colon (:) when a device name is part of a
file specification.)

[directory]

A directory name.

This can be either a UFD or an SFD.

[d i r]

expression

A numeric expression.

file.ext

A file name
per iod.

file name

A name of a file.

file-spec

A
file
specification
dev:file.ext[directory].

File structure.

hh:mm:ss

The time of day using a 24-hour clock,
hours, mm is minutes, and ss is seconds.

An identifier.

job

A job number.

jobname

The name of the job.

letter

An alphabetic character.

line-number

Referring to the number of the line.

list

A list of arguments.

logical-name
log..,.name
log

A logical device name, chosen by the user.

memory

The decimal number of memory words measured in K or P.
(lK is equal to 1024 words; lP (page) is equal to 512
words. )

MFD

A master file directory.

<nnn>

A protection code.

nnnn

A tape density.

A decimal number, such as a unit number.

. . name . .

A DECtape identifier.

nodelist

A list of all the systems in a network environment.

PPN·

A project-programmer number.

program

A program name.

proj,prog

A project-programmer number.

and

file

extension,

written

separated

the

fo rmat:

where

Convention

Meaning

[proj,prog]

The name of a user-file directory.

SFD

A sub-file directory •

spec

A specification of a file.

str

A file structure name.

/switch

A command line modifier.

time

Referring to a time of day.

UFD

A user-file directory.

Version number.

A numeric or text variable.

The symbol printed on your terminal when you press
ESCape (or ALTmode) key.

the

A character that is printed when you press the CONTROL
key while you type a character key.
(For example,
typing a CTRL/C prints AC at your terminal.)
<CTRL/X)

Indicates that you should press the CONTROL key at
same time as the key indicated here by "x".

<DEL>

Indicates when you should press the
key.

<RET)

Indicates when you should press the RETURN key.

<ESC)

Indicates when you should press the ESCape (or ALTmode)
key.

DELETE

the

RUB OUT

All examples, commands, switches, values, and arguments are shown in
uppercase.
This is for the sake of distinction.
Examples are shown
as they would appear on a terminal
that does not have lowercase
ability.

vi i

CHAPTER 1
SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP

Function
The BACKUP program saves disk files on magnetic tape and places all or
some of these files back onto the disk.
You can save your disk area
on magnetic tape and restore all of your files or a subset of your
files back to your area.
You can also use this program to move your
files from one system to another.
Please refer to the TOPS-l~
Operator's Guide for detailed information about the BACKUP program.
Format
R BACKUP
/command
where:

command is one of the BACKUP commands, which are in verb form.
BACKUP prompts with a slash (/), after which you respond with
one of three command types:
o

Action command

Status-setting command

Tape-positioning command

Action Commands
Action commands perform I/O on the tape specified in the last TAPE
command.
You must specify a tape using the TAPE command before you
use an action command. TAPE is described under the status-setting
commands for BACKUP.
SAVE file-spec
RESTORE

file~spec

Saves the specified disk
tape.
Restores the specified
to disk.

files
tape

files

CHECK file-spec

Verifies that the tape and the disk
files are the same.

[N]PRINT file-spec

Prints a directory of the entire
tape specified by file-spec.
N is
an
optional
prefix
indicating
narrow.
PRINT
implies
a
NODIRECTORIES command; that is, no
user directory names are printed.
1-1

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
The file-spec arguments are optional. File specifications may have
wildcards.
You can specify input and output files in the form
output=input, or you can specify input alone. Use commas to separate
file-spec entries in a list5
If you do not supply an argument with
defaults to a file-spec as follows:

action

command,

BACKUP

For anyone logged-in under [1,2], the default file spec is
ALL:*.* [*,*,*,*,*,*,*].
This specifies all files on all
UFOs, and all SFOs of all file structures, with no renaming.

For all other users, the default file spec is ALL:*.*
[PPN,*,*,*,*,*] where PPN is the user's PPN. This specifies
all files in the user's areas should be saved with a disk
structure
specified,
and
restored to the appropriate
structure.

Action Command Switches
You can use the following switches in the file specification list for
the action commands.
These switches can be either permanent or
temporary. Input files are those being transferred from disk to tape.
Output files are those being transferred from tape to disk.
/ABEFORE date

On input file, includes only files
accessed before the specified date.

/ ASINCE date

On input file, includes only files
accessed since the specified date.

/BEFORE date-time

On input file, includes only files
created
before
the
specified
date-time.

/ERNONE

On input file, gives an error if no
files match.

/ERPROTECTION

On input file, gives an error
there is a protection failure.

/ERSUPERSEOE

On output file, does not restore a
file from tape if it already exists
on disk.

/ESTIMATE n

On output
si ze (n).

/LENGTH low:high

On input file, includes the file
only if file length is between low
(minimum file
size)
and
high
(maximum file size).

/MBEFORE nO:hh:mm:ss

On input file, includes only files
modified
before
date-time.
nO
represents the number of days.

/MSINCE nO:hh:mm:ss

On input file, includes only files
modified
since
date-time.
nO
represents the number of days.

/NOPHYSICAL

On input or output file,
logical names.
1-2

file,

estimates

output

uses

the

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
/OKNONE

On input file, does not give an
error if no files match your file
specification.

/OKPROTECTION

On input file,
does
error if there is
failure.

/OKSUPERSEDE

On output file, always restores the
file,
even if the file is already
on disk.

/PHYSICAL

On input or output
any logical names.

/PROTECTION nnn

On output file, sets the protection
code.

/SINCE date-time

On input file, includes only those
files created since the specified
date-time.

/STRS

On
input
file,
examines
structures for the file.

/VERSION v

On output file, sets
number of the file.

not give an
a protection

file,

ignores

the

all

version

Runtime Commands
You can issue the following runtime c.ommands during the execution of
any action commands.
BACKUP prompts with an exclamation point (1)
when ready to accept a runtime command.
DIRECTORIES

Prints every directory processed.

EXIT

Exits from BACKUP when done.

FILES

Prints every
processed.

Continues after a STOP.

HELP

Lists
BACKUP
explanations.

commands

KILL

Aborts execution
action verb.

NODIRECTORIES

Does not print
processed.

every

NOFILES

Does not print every file in
directory processed.

every

PAUSE

Does not
done.

when

RESET

Resets all status settings to their
original defaults when done.

SILENCE

Stops printing every
file.

1-3

exit

file

and

from

directory

the

and
current

directory

BACKUP

directory

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
STOP

Stops action temporarily;
continued by GO.

WHAT

Displays
status.

current

file

can

name

be
and

Status-Setting Commands
Status-setting commands specify one or
future action commands.

parameters

that

affect

ABEFORE date

Includes only files accessed before
the specified date.

APPEND

Appends to the existing list file.

ASINCE date

Includes only the files
since the specified date.

BEFORE date-time

Includes only the files created and
modified
before
the
specified
date-time.

CPOINT

Uses checkpoints.

DATE75

Always accepts files with
DATE75 problems.

DELETE

Deletes
them.

DENSITY nnnn

Sets
the
tape
density.
The
density, expressed in bits per inch
(bpi), can be 299, 556, 899, 1699,
or 6259.

DIRECTORIES

Prints each user's directory
running.

ENCRYPT

Encrypts (codes) the files.
This
makes the files impossible to read
without the keyword.

ERRMAX n

Set maximum number of recoverable
tape errors. Default is 1~9.

EXEMPT

Exempts project-programmer numbers
of the form [A,*] and [*,B], where
A and B are less than 7, from date,
time, and length restrictions.

FILES

Prints
each
running.

INITIAL file

Starts processing at the
file.

INTERCHANGE

Runs
in
interchange
mode.
Interchange is used to copy files
from one installation to another
with no directory dependencies.

1-4

disk

files

file

accessed

possible

after

name

saving

while

specified

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
LENGTH low:high

Includes only files whose length is
between low (minimum file size) and
high (maximum file size).

LIST file-spec

While running, creates a
listing
file on file-spec.
LIST produces
the effect of
a
NODIRECTORIES
command;
that
is,
no
user
directories will be printed.

MBEFORE date-time

Includes only files that were moved
or modified before the specified
time.

MESSAGE [NO]PREFIX

Suppresses
prefix.

MESSAGE [NO]FIRST

Suppresses the first
error message text.

the

MSINCE date-time

Includes only files that have
moved
or
modified
since
specified time.

been
the

MULTI REEL

Allows
save.

NOAPPEND

Does not append
list file.

NOCPOINT

Does not use checkpoints.

NODATE75

Does not accept files with possible
DATE75 problems.

NODELETE

Does not delete
saving them.

NODIRECTORIES

Does
not
print
each
directory while running.

NOENCRYPT

Does not encrypt (code)

NOEXEMPT

Does not exempt PPNs of
[* ,B] from restrictions.

NOFILES

Does not
running.

NOINTERCHANGE

Does not run in interchange mode.

NOLIST file

Does not make a listing file.

NOMULTIREEL

Does not allow
during the save.

NOREPEAT

Does not repeat a split file on the
continuation tape.

NOUSETI

Does not run in USETI mode.

NOWRITE

Suppresses disk
restore.

1-5

the

multiple

error

message

line

reels
to

the

disk

during

existing

files

each

user's

the files.
[A,*]
file

multiple

writing

after

and
while

reels

during

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
from

the

OPTION name

Uses line
BACKUP:name
SWITCH.INI file.

PARITY (EVEN,ODD)

Sets the tape parity.

REPEAT

Repeats a split
continuation tape.

RESUME n

Sets a checkpoint block
number
where processing resumes after a
crash that
occurred
during
a
checkpointed SAVE or RESTORE.

SILENCE

Does not print file
names
directories while running.

SINCE date-time

Includes only those
or modified since
date-time.

SORT DIRECTORIES x

Sorts directories within each file
structure
in
order of x when
saving.
x
is
ALPHABETICAL,
LOCATION, or NONE.

SORT FILES x

Sorts files within each directory
in
the
order
of
x.
x is
ALPHABETICAL, LOCATION, or NONE.

SSNAME name

Specifies the save-set name.
ALL to include all save-sets.

SUPERSEDE ALWAYS

Restores all
files
from
tape,
superseding files on disk that have
the same file name.

SUPERSEDE NEVER

Does not restore files that have
the same name as an existing file.

SUPERSEDE OLDER

Restores only the files that are
newer than the files on disk of the
same name.

TAPE MTxn:

Uses tape unit
MTxn:.
If
a
magnetic tape drive has the logical
name BACKUP, then the TAPE verb
need not be specified.

TPNUM x

Sets the number of the
(decimal) •

UPROTECTION nnn

Sets the protection code
created directories.

WRITE

Writes onto disk during a RESTORE.
This is the default action.

1-6

file

files created
the specified

tape
for

Use

x
the

SAVING AND RE~TORING FILES USING BACKUP
Tape-Positioning Commands
Use these commands before action commands or after action commands are
finished processing.
EOT volid-list

Skips to the end-of-tape mark for
each
tape
in
the list.
The
volid-list is a
list
of
the
volume-identifications
of
each
tape.

REWIND volid-list

Rewinds to the beginning of the
tape for each tape in the list.

SKIP n volid-list

Skips the specified number of save
sets forward for each tape in the
list.

SKIP 0 volid-list

Backs up to
current save
the list.

SKIP -n volid-list

Skips the specified number of save
sets backward for each tape in the
list.

UNLOAD volid-list

Unloads each tape in the list
its drive.

Characteristics
The BACKUP program:
Places your terminal at user level.
Destroys your core image.

1-7

the start of
the
set for each tape in

from

SAVING AND RESTORING FILES USING BACKUP
Examples
1.

To save the entire contents of DSKB: on magnetic tape and at
the same time produce a directory listing, run BACKUP while
logged in under [1,2] •
• R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA~<RET>
/LIST DSK:BACKUP.LOG<RET>
/SAVE DSKB:<RET>
!1,2 DSKB
1,3
1,4

BACKUP prints each UFD as it begins to save files from that
area.
If the tape becomes full before the save is complete,
BACKUP stops, types out the full file specification and block
number of the current file being saved, unloads the magnetic
tape and prints the following message:
$BKPEOT REACHED EOT -- MOUNT NEW TAPE THEN TYPE "GO"
When you type GO, BACKUP continues the save on the new
A file can be split across tapes.
2.

Copy the file

FILE~MAC

from tape to disk •

• R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTB~<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
• /RESTORE FILEB.MAC=FILEA.MAC<RET)
!1~,123 DSKB
DONE
/UNLOAD<RET>
/"'C

1-8

tape.

CHAPTER 2
CREATING DIRECTORIES AND SUB-FILE DIRECTORIES USING CREDIR

Function
The CREDIR program creates directories and sub-file directories.
CREDIR
creates
sub-file
directories
(SFDs)
on any specified
structures, and it automatically creates any necessary higher-level
directories.
If you do not specify a structure, CREDIR creates the
SFD on every structure in your search list.
You can use CREDIR to create ersatz device directories.
CREDIR allows
you to create directories on all structures associated with a
specified ersatz device.
As it creates each directory, CREDIR tells
you the name of the unit and the protection code associated with the
directory.
Format
R CREDIR
Create directory:
where:

dev:[dir]/switch

dev:[dir] is the device name and the directory specification.
You can specify an ersatz device name. /switch can be any of
the switches listed below.
By default, CREDIR creates the directory on device DSK:.
The
system assigns the default protection code defined by the
system manager.
If no code was defined, <775> is the default.
You can use
program:

the

following

the

CREDIR

/ALLOCATE:nnnn

Specifies the number of
allocated for the SFD.

blocks

/ERNONE

Prints an error message if there
are no files in the request.

/ERPROTECTION

Prints an error message if the
request
fails
due
to
a
protection code violation.

/HELP:arg

Prints the HELP text for the
CREDIR program. You can specify
S as the argument to get a list
of the switches to the program.

/IN:nnnn

Specifies the logged-in quota.

2-1

switches

modify

CREATING DIRECTORIES AND SUB-FILE DIRECTORIES USING CREDIR
t

/NAME:name

Specifies a mnemonic
the directory.

/NOOPTION

Suppresses processing of
the
defaults from your SWITCH.INI
file.

/OKNONE

Does not print an error message
if there are no files that match
a wildcard specification.

/OKPROTECTION

Does not print an error message
if the SFD cannot be accessed
because of a file protection
violation.

/OPTION:name

Uses
any
lines
in
SWITCH.INI
file
that
specified as CREDIR:name.

your
are

/OUT:nnnn

Specifies the
for the SFD.

quota

/PHYSICAL

Specifies that the device name
is
physical,
and to
ignore
logical names.

/PROTECTION:nnn

Gives the SFD the protection you
specify in nnn.

/RUN: fi Ie-spec

Runs the program
when
CREDIR
running.

/RUNCOR:n

Runs the program you specified
with /RUN in nK of memory when
CREDIR has finished running.

/RUNOFFSET:n

Runs the program you specified
with /RUN with an offset of n.
If you omit the switch,
the
default is 0.
If you specify
the switch, but omit a value for
n,
the default is 1.
If the
offset is 1, the file uses an
indirect command file.

/STRS

Searches for the SFD in all
structures in your job~s search
list, and uses every occurrence.

Characteristics
The CREDIR program:
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Places your terminal at user level.

2-2

name

logged-out

you
has

for

specified
finished

CREATING DIRECTORIES AND SUB-FILE DIRECTORIES USING CREDIR
Examples
1.

The following example shows the creation and use
and directory paths.
Show a list of all
extension .TST •

the

files

your

UFD

SFD

with

file

• DIRECT *.TST<RET>
NUMB TST
109
TST
FILL TST
PAY3 TST
TOTAL OF

9
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
DSKC:
[27,5434]
5
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
1
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
1
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434]

Run the CREDIR program. Create a sub-file directory
TEST.
Use the /EXIT switch to exit from CREDIR •

called

• R CREDIR<RET>
Create directory:
[27,5434,TEST]<RET>
CREATED DSKC:[27,5434,TEST].SFD/PROTECTION:775
Create directory: /EXIT
Request a list of all your files named TEST •
• DIR TEST.*<RET>
1
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
DSKC: [27,5434]
TEST FOR
TEST SFD
1
<775>
dd-mmm-yy
TOTAL OF 2 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434]
The directory shows an SFD named TEST.
Use RENAME to transfer all files with the extension .TST from
your UFD to your SFD •
• RENAME [27,5434,TEST]=*.TST<RET>
FILES RENAMED:
DSKC:NUMB.TST
DSKC:l~9.TST

DSKC:FILL.TST
DSKC:PAY3.TST
Show that your UFD no longer
extension .TST •

contains

the

files

with

the

SFD

• DIR *.TST<RET>
%WLDNSF No such files as DSKC:*.TST[27,5434]
Show that the
[27,5434,TEST] •

files

have

been

transferred

• DIR [27,5434,TEST]<RET>
NUMB TST ~
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
DSKC:[27,5434,TEST]
109 TST 5
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
FILL TST 1
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
PAY3 TST 1
<~55>
dd-mmm-yy
TOTAL OF 7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC:
[27,5434,TEST]

2-3

CREATING DIRECTORIES AND SUB-FILE DIRECTORIES USING CREDIR
2.

The following example shows the use of CREDIR with
switch /PROTECTION •

the

SCAN

• R CREDIR<RET>
Create directory:
DSKB:["A,B,C]/PROTECTION:755<RET>
CREATED DSKB:[27,4072,A] .SFD/PROTECTION:755
CREATED DSKB:[27,4072,A,B].SFD/PROTECTION:755
CREATED DSKB:[27,4072,A,B,C].SFD/PROTECTION:755
Create directory: /EXIT

2-4

CHAPTER 3
GETTING CROSS-REFERENCE LISTINGS USING CREF

Function
The CREF program produces a sequentially numbered assembly listing
a program, and one or more of the following tables:
as

labels

Cross reference table for all operands, such
assignments

and

Cross reference table for all user-defined operators, such as
macro calls and OPDEFs

Cross reference table for all op codes and pseudo-ops.
must specify the /0 switch to produce this table.

You

The cross-reference files are printed on the line printer if you have
generated such files
using
the /CREF switch with a COMPILE, LOAD,
The file containing the names of these
DEBUG, or EXECUTE command.
CREF files
is then deleted so that subsequent CREF commands will not
process them again.
When the logical device name LPT:
is assigned to a device other than
the line printer,
the CREF files are stored on that device with the
same file name and the extension .LST.
If output to the line printer
is not currently spooled, you must set spooling before running CREF
(see the SET SPOOL command in the TOPS-Ie Operating System Commands
Manual) •
Formats
R CREF/switch

* file spec
CREF
where:

file-spec/switch

file-spec is a valid file specification. When you supply a
file
specification,
CREF produces a cross-referenced listing
file for the specified file.
If you do not give an argument
to
the command, CREF uses the argument saved from a previous
COMPILE-class command.
CREF prompts with an asterisk (*) when
you use the R CREF command or if there is no stored argument.
/switch is one or more of the following switches:
/A

Advances magtape by one file (may be repeated).

Backspaces magtape by one file

Cancels SWITCH.INI switch defaulting.

3-1

(may be repeated).

GETTING CROSS-REFERENCE LISTINGS USING CREF

Permits default
SWITCH.INI file.

switches

Types the HELP text for CREF.

Does not list user-defined symbol tables.

Suppresses user macros, OPDEFs, and symbol table.

Lists the opcodes.

Preserves (does not delete)

Restarts listing and prompts for line number.

Suppresses
tables.

Rewinds tape.

Deletes the current contents of the DECtape directory.

program

listing

you

specified

your

input files.

and

lists

only

symbol

Characteristics
The CREF program:
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Examples
1.

Compile the files contained in the command
produce CREF listing files on the disk •

file

PROMAC

and

• COMPILE/CREF@PROMAC<RET>
FORTRAN:
INPUTI
MAIN.
FORTRAN:
INPUT2
MAIN •.
Process and list the cross-referenced listing files produced
by the COMPILE command.
The argument is the stored argument
that was used in the COMPILE command •
• SET SPOOL LPT<RET>
.CREF<RET>
CREF:INPUTI
CREF:INPUT2

3-2

GETTING CROSS-REFERENCE LISTINGS USING CREF
2.

Compile and load the files contained in the command file
CONALL.
Produce a loader map with the file name NAME and
CREF files on disk •
• LOAD/CREF/MAP:NAME@CONALL<RET>
MACRO:
HIGH
MACRO: SHARE
EXIT
Assign the logical name LPT to magnetic tape unit 1.
the CREF files on MTA1: to be output at a later time •
• ASSIGN MTAl LPT<RET>
MTA261 ASSIGNED
.CREF<RET>
CREF:
HIGH
CREF: SHARE

3-3

Store

CHAPTER 4
COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM

Function
The FILCOM program compares two files and displays any differences.
Generally,
this comparison is line-by-line for ASCII files and
word-by-word for binary files.
FILCOM determines the type
of
comparlson to use by examining either the switches specified in the
command string or the extensions of the files.
Switches always take
precedence over file extensions.
Format
R FILCOM
*output-file-spec=input-file-spec,input-file-spec/switch

* is the FILCOM prompt, file-spec is a valid
file
specification, output-file-spec specifies the name and area on
which the results should be stored, and input-file-spec is a
list of the files to be compared.

where:

The FILCOM program takes the following defaults if you
the above information:

omit

some

If you omit the output specification, the output device is
assumed
to
be
TTY:.
If you omit the output file
specification, you must still type the equal sign.

If you specify only the output file name, the default
device is DSK:.

If you omit the output file name, the second input file name
is used,' unless
it is null.
In this case, the file name
FILCOM is used.

If you omit the output file extension,
.SCM is used
source compare and .BCM is used on a binary compare.

If you omit the [directory] in e~ther the input or output
file specifications, your default directory is assumed.

If you omit an input device name, it is assumed to be DSK:.

If you omit the file name of the second
taken from the first input file.

4-1

input

file,

output

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
o

You must place a dot following the file name of the second
input file
to explicitly indicate a null extension if the
extension of the first input file is not nUll.
For example,
to
compare
FILE.MAC
and FILE.
(that is, with null
extension), use the following command string:
R FI LCOM<RET>
*=FILE.MAC,FILE.

The second input file specification cannot be null
unless a
binary compare is being performed.
In a binary compare, if
the first input file is not followed by a comma and a second
input file descriptor, the input file is compared to a zero
file and is output in its entirety.
This gives you a method
of listing a binary file.
(Refer to Example 4.)

/switch is one of the options listed below. A switch can follow the
input file-specs.
The following switches are used for a binary file
comparison:

Creates file in executable format.

Prints a list of switches
from device HLP:).

/nL

Specifies the lower limit for a partial binary
compare (n is an octal number).
This switch, when
used with the /nU switch, allows a binary file to
be compared only within the specified limits.

Prints the message ?FILES ARE DIFFERENT when the
files
are different,
but does not list the
differences. This switch is useful when you test
batch control
files
for differences but do not
want a log file of these differences.

/nU

Specifies the upper limit for a partial binary
compare (n is an octal number).
This switch, when
used with the /nL switch, allows a binary file
to
be compared only within the specified limits.

Compares files in binary mode without expanding
the files first.
This switch is used to compare
two binary files with ASCII extensions.

Expands .SAV files before comparing them in binary
mode.
This action removes differences resulting
from zero compression.

available

(help

If you did not specify any switches in the command string,
compares the files
in the mode the extension implies.
recognizes the following extensions as binary:
.APL
.BUG
.DBS
.HGH
.QUC
• REL
.SAV
.SVE
.UNV

.ATR
.CAL
.DCR
• LOW
.QUD
.RIM
.SCH
.SYM
.XPN

.BAC
.CHN
.DMP
.MSB
.QUE
.RMT
.SFD
.SYS

.BIN
.DAE
.EXE
.OVL
.QUF
.RTB
.SHR
• UFD

4-2

text

FILCOM
FILCOM

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
Binary files are compared word by word, starting at word 0, except for
the following cases:
o

Files with extensions
.SHR and
.HGH are assumed to be
high-segment files.
Because the word count starts at 400000,
upper and lower limits, if used, must be greater than
(or
equal to in the case of the lower limit) 400000.

Files with extensions .SAV, .LOW, and .SVE are assumed to be
compressed
core
image
files and are expanded before
comparing.

Files with the extension .EXE
format.

are

assumed

.EXE

Conflicts are resolved by switches or defaults.
If a conflict arises
in the absence of switches,
the files are assumed to be ordinary
binary files.
The following switches are used for an ASCII source file comparison:
/A

Compares files in ASCII mode.
This switch is used
to force comparison of two files to be done in
ASCII.

Compares blank lines.
lines are ignored.

Ignores comments (all text on a line following a
semicolon)
and spacing (spaces and tabs).
A line
consisting entirely of comments or spacing is not
treated as if it were a blank line; differences in
such lines are not ignored.

Prints a list of switches
from device HLP:).

/nL

Specifies the number of lines that determine a
match
(n is an octal number).
A match means that
n successive lines in each input file have been
found to be identical. When a match is found, all
differences occurring before the match and after
the previous match are listed.
In addition, the
first line of the current match is listed after
the differences, to help you locate the place
within each file at
which
the
differences
occurred.
The default value for n is 3.

4-3

Without this switch,

available

(help

blank

text

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
/0

Instructs FILCOM to include a label and offset in
the differences listing for ASCII files. There
are three types of messages. One message is:
[;At top of file + nL]
nL, a decimal number, represents the number of
lines from the top of the file that the difference
occurs. If a difference occurs at the top of the
file, nL is not listed. Another message is:
[;At Label + nL]
Label is the MACRO label closest to the difference
and nL represents the decimal number of lines away
from the label that the difference occurs. If the
difference occurs at the label, nL is not listed.
The message for PDP-II files is:
[;At Label + nL + following label name]
Label is the local label name in the form nn$, nL
represents the decimal number of lines from the
local label where the difference occurs, and
following label name is the name of the block
label. The block label name is listed as further
help in locating the difference, since local label
names are not always unique.
If the difference
occurs at the label, nL + following label name are
not listed. The label name for all labels must be
in the first ten characters of the line. Label
name refers to file 1.

Prints the message ?FILES ARE DIFFERENT, when
files
are different, but does not list
differences.

Ignores spaces and tabs.

Instructs FILCOM to generate output even if no
differences are found.
Ordinarily, FILCOM does
not produce a list of differences if there are no
differences in the files.

Compares in update mode.
This means that the
output file consists of the second input file with
vertical bars (or backslashes for 64-character
printers) next to the lines that differ from the
first input file. Any lines found in the first
input file but not in the second are designated by
a bullet (0).
This feature is useful
when
updating a document because the changes made to
the latest edition are flagged with change bars in
the left margin.
The latest edition of the
document is the second input file.

4-4

the
the

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
FILCOM Output
In most cases, headers consisting of the device, file name, extension,
and creation date of each input file are listed before the differences
are listed. However, headers do not appear on output from the /U
switch (update mode on source compare).
Output from a source compare has the following notation
column of the output after the headers:

the

left

the

n)m
n is the number of the input file, and m is the

input file (re fe r to the examples) •

page

number

The right column lists the differences occurring between matches in
the input files. Following the list of differences, a line identical
in each file is listed for reference purposes.
The output from the /U switch differs from the above-described output
in that the output file created is the second input file with vertical
bars in the left column next to the lines that are different from the
first input file.
The output from a binary compare prints the following line on the
output device when FILCOM encounters a difference between the two
input files:
octal loc 1st file-word

2nd file-word XOR of both words

If the exclusive OR (XOR) of the two words differs only in the right
half, the third word listed is the absolute value of the difference of
the two right halves. This usually indicates an address that changed.
If one input file is shorter than the other, after the end of file is
encountered on the shorter file, the remainder of the longer file is
listed.
Characteristics
The FILCOM program:
Places your terminal at user level.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.

4-5

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
Examples
1.

You have the following two ASCII files on disk:
.TYPE FILE1.TST<RET>

A
B

D
E
F

G
H
I

K
L

M
N

o
P

R
S

T
U
V
W

X
Y
Z

.TYPE FILE2.TST<RET>

A
B
C

G
H
I

1
2
3
N

o
P

R
S

T
U
V
4

5
W

X
Y
Z

4-6

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
To compare the two files and print the
terminal, use the following sequence.

differences

your

Run the FILCOM program •
• R FILCOM(RET>
Compare the two files on disk and output the differences on
your terminal.
By default, three consecutive identical lines
determine a match.
*=FILEl.TST,FILE2.TST(RET>
FILE 1) DSKC:FILEl.TST[27,5434] CREATED: 0825 dd-mmm-yyyy
FILE 2) DSKC:FILE2.TST[27,5434] CREATED: 0826 dd-mmm-yyyy
1)1
1

D
E

1)
1)

F
G

****
2)1
G
**************
1)1
J
1)
K
L
1)
M
1)
N
1)
****
1
2)1
2)
2
2)
3
N
2)
**************

1)1
****
2)1
2)
2)

W
4
5
W

**************
%FILES ARE DIFFERENT

4-7

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
2.

To compare the two files and print the differences on the
line printer, use the following command.
In this example the
number of successive lines that determines a match has been
set to four with the /4L switch.
*/4L = FILE1.TST,FILE2.TST(RET)
FILE I} DSKC:FILE1.TST[27,5434] CREATED 0825 dd-mmm-yyyy
FILE 2) DSKC:FILE2.TST[27,5434] CREATED 0826 dd-mmm-yyyy
1)1
1)
I}
1)
1)

D
E
F
G
H

I
J

1)
1)
1)
1)

K
L
M

1)
N
****
2}1
G
2)
H
2)
I
2)
1
2}
2
2}
3
2}
N
**************
1}1
W
****
2}1
4
2}
5
2}

**************
%FTLES ARE DIFFERENT

4-8

COMPARING FILES USING FILCOM
3.

To compare the two files so that the second input file is
output with vertical bars in the left column next to the
lines that differ from the first input file, use the
following command sequence:
.R FILCOM<RET>
*/U=FILEl.TST,FILE2.TST<RET>
A
B
C
G
H
I

2
3
N

o
P
Q

R
S
T
U
V
4
5
W

X
Y

Z
%FILES ARE DIFFERENT
File number two is displayed. The lines with vertical
indicate the differences between the two flles.

4-9

bars

CHAPTER 5
LISTING GLOBAL SYMBOLS USING GLOB

Function
The GLOB program reads multiple binary files and produces
an
alphabetical cross-referenced list of all the global symbols (symbols
accessible to other programs) that it encounters. This program also
searches files in library search mode, checking for global symbols, if
the program file was loaded by LINK in library search mode.
(See the
LINK manual.)
The GLOB program has two phases of operation:
1.

phase one scans the input files and builds an internal symbol
table.

Phase two produces output based on the symbol table.

Because of these phases, you can enter commands to GLOB in one of two
ways.
The first way is to specify one command string containing both
the output and input specifications.
(This is the command string
form~t
most system programs accept.)
The second is to separate the
command string into a series of input commands and output commands.
Formats
R GLOB
*output file-spec=input fl1e-spec(/switch,/switch)<ESC>
where:

* is the GLOB prompt, and

/switch

one

switches listed below.
R GLOB
followed by one or more input commands in the form:
file-spec, file-spec, ••• <RET>
and then one or more output commands in the form:
output file-spec=<ESC>

5-1

the

LISTING GLOBAL SYMBOLS USING GLOB
When you separate your input to GLOB into input commands and output
commands, th~ input commands contain only input specifications. The
output commands contain only output specifications.
Each output
command causes a listing to be generated; any number of listings can
be printed from the symbol table generated from the current input
files, as long as no input commands occur after the first output
command. When GLOB encounters an input command after output has been
generated, it destroys the current symbol table and begins a ne~ one.
An ESCape (or ALTmode) terminates the command input and signals GLOB
to print the cross-referenced listing. A listing is not printed until
GLOB encounters an ESCape. Press ESCape at the end of the command
string shown in command format 1 or at the end of each output command
shown in command format 2.
If you omit some of the information in a
takes the following defaults:

GLOB

command,

the

program

If the device is omitted, it is assumed to be DSK:. However,
if the entire output specification is omitted, the output
device is TTY:.

If the output file name is omitted, it is the name of the
last input file on the line (Command Format 1) or is GLOB if
the line contains only output commands (Command Format 2).
The input file names are required.

If the output extension is omitted, .GLB is used.
If the
input extension is omitted, it is assumed to be .REL, unless
the null extension is explicitly specified by a dot following
the file name.

If the directory area [directory] is
directory is used.

omitted,

your

default

Switches to GLOB control the type of global listings to be printed.
If you issue several switches, enclose them in parentheses. Only the
most recently specified switch (except for L, M, P, Q, and X, which
are always in effect) is in effect at any given time. If you do not
specify any switches, GLOB prints all global symbols.
The switches
and their functions are:

Prints all global symbols.
switches are specified.

Prints only erroneous (multiply defined
symbols.

IF
IH

Prints nonrelocatable (fixed) symbols only.
Prints a list
HLP:GLOB.HLP.

the

This is the default

switches

undefined)

available

from

Scans programs only if they contain globals previously
defined and not yet satisfied (library search mode) •

Turns off scanning mode resulting from the IL switch.

IN
IP

Prints only symbols that are never referenced.
Prints all routines that define a symbol to have the
same value. The routine that defines the symbol first
is printed, followed by a plus (+) sign.
Subsequent
routines that define the symbol are printed, preceded
by a plus sign.
5-2

LISTING GLOBAL SYMBOLS USING GLOB

Suppresses the
printing
of
subsequent
routines, which result from the /P switch.

Prints only relocatable symbols.

Prints symbols with nonconflicting
defined in more than one program.

Suppresses the header page when the output device
is
not your terminal, and includes the header when it is
your terminal. Without this switch,
the header
is
printed on all devices except your terminal.

values

defining

that

are

Output from GLOB
The listing header is in the format:
Flags

Symbol

Octal Value

Defined

Referenced

The flags are:
Flags

Meaning

Multiply-defined symbol (shows all values).

Never referred to (was not declared external in any
the binary programs) •

Multiply specified symbol (that is, defined
in more
than one program but with nonconflicting values).
The
name of the first program in which the symbol was
encountered is followed by a plus sign.

Undefined symbol.

Symbols are listed in alphabetical order according to their ASCII
collating sequence.
An
apostrophe (') follows the octal value of a
relocatable symbol. The value is then relative to the beginning of
the program in which the symbol is defined.
Characteristics
The GLOB program:
Requires LOGIN.
Places your terminal at user level.
Destroys your core image.

5-3

LISTING GLOBAL SYMBOLS USING GLOB
Example
Run the GLOB program, and print all global symbols in the program MAIN
(on DSK:), and SUB40 and SUB50 (on DTA2:) on the line printer.
Each
symbol is printed with its value, the program in which it is defined,
all programs in which it is referenced, and any error flags •
• R GLOB<RET>
*LPT:=MAIN.REL,DTA2:SUB40,SUB50<ESC>
The programs to
NUMBER.REL and
DSK: •

be scanned are BATCH.REL and DATA.REL on DTA4,
CLASS.REL on DTA6:, and MATH.REL and LIBRAR.REL on

*DTA4:BATCH.REL,DATA.REL,DTA6:NUMBER.REL,CLASS.REL<RET>
*DSK:MATH.REL,LIBRAR.REL<RET>
Print only nonrelocatable symbols on the line printer.
*LPT:=/F4<ESC>
Print only relocatable symbols
default directory.

the

file

named

SYMBOL

your

*DSK:SYMBOL=/R<ESC>
Print all erroneous symbols on the terminal.
symbol appearing in the program SUBRTE.
*TTY:=/E<ESC>
U EXTSYM SUBRTE
Return to monitor level.
*"C

5-4

EXTSYM is

undefined

CHAPTER 6
NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT

Function
The Network File Transfer (NFT) utility allows you to access files
residing
on
DECnet
hosts
that
provide network file access
capabilities. By using NFT, you can perform a variety of operations
such as copying, deleting,
renaming, or listing files;
listing
directories; and submitting files to a batch system. NFT allows you
to perform operations at the local host as well as at a remote host.
You may also use NFT to copy a file from one remote host to another.
NFT processes text files, programs, data files, control files, or
other sequential
file.
However, only ASCII file transfers
supported between a TOPS-10 host and a non-TOPS-10 host.

any
are

Format
R NFT

* command output-file-spec = input-file-spec/switches
where:

command is one of the NFT commands described below. file-spec
is one or more standard file specifications. Depending on the
command, either the output-file-spec or both file-specs may be
omitted.
/switch is one or more of the switches described
below.
/ASCII

Transf~rs
in ASCII mode. Use the /ASCII
switch for all ASCII file transfers to or
from a non-TOPS-10 host.

/[NO]BAUD

Does
[not]
print the baud rate of data
transfer in the totals summary. This switch
applies to the COpy and TYPE commands only.
The default for network transfers is /BAUD,
/NOBAUD is the default for local transfers.

/BINARY

Transfers in binary mode.
Use the /BINARY
switch for all file transfers between TOPS-10
hosts.

/[NO]MOAN

Does [not] issue general warning complaints.
Use the /MOAN switch to instruct NFT to issue
warnings when it
encounters
a
dubious
condition.
Such
a
condition typically
requires NFT to make a guess (for example, in
a file copy operation, the data type or data
byte size) in order to complete the command.
The default is /NOMOAN.

6-1

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
/[NO]OKERROR

Use the /[NO]OKERROR switch
to
control
whether NFT aborts the command if an error
occurs. /OKERROR directs NFT to ignore file
access
and
I/O errors, issuing warning
messages. /NOOKERROR instructs NFT to abort
the current command on the first occurrence
of a file access or I/O error.
The default
setting is /NOOKERROR.

/TOTALS [ : list]

Use the /TOTALS switch to control the totals
summary displayed at the end of the command
execution.
The various TOTALS quantities
(files, errors, baud rate, and so on) can be
individually controlled by specifying the
:list
argument.
If a quantity-name is
preceded with a NO, that quantity will not be
listed.
If
more than one quantity is
specified, separate them with commas, and
enclose the list with parentheses. /TOTALS
or /TOTALS:ALL directs NFT to print a totals
summary of all applicable quantities at the
completion (successful or otherwise)
of the
current command. /TOTALS:NONE instructs NFT
to omit the summary.
The /TOTALS quantities
are:

- List

BITS
bits.

the

total

number

data

BYTES - List the
bytes.

total

number

data

WORDS - List the total number
words.

RECORDS
records.

the

total

number

BLOCKS
List the
128-word blocks.

total

number

PAGES - List the total number of Sl2-word
pages.

FILES - List the total number of files.

BAUD - List the effective
rate (bits per second).

ERRORS
List the
execution errors.

The default
FI LES, and
arguments.

6-2

List

total

data

36-bit

transfer

number

quantities are WORDS, BLOCKS,
BAUD. NFT ignores inappropriate

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
/USERID: id

Use this switch to specify
the
access
information
(userid, account, and password)
when using NFT for a non-TOPS-l0 host.
You
include the /USERID switch with the file
specification of the remote file.
If you
omit an argument from the switch, NFT prompts
you for that argument.
If the remote host
does not require the information, you can
press the <RET> key.
The form of the /USERID
switch is:
/USERID:uid:acct:psw
where uid is user-name, acct is an account
string, and p'sw is a password.
If you omit
the account or password argument, you must
still include its preceding colon (:). For
example, if you omit the password:
/USERID:smith:l776:
NFT prompts you for it.
You then
password, which NFT does not echo.

supply

NFT automatically prompts you for access
information if you include /USERID without
arguments in the form:
NFT

/USERID

You can include this command and switch in
your
SWITCH. INI
file.
If you include
arguments with
the
/USERID
switch
in
SWITCH.INI, you are specifying a particular
userid.
You can override this switch setting
by including an explicit /USERID:uid switch
on a command line to NFT. You can also use
the SET DEFAULT command to specify access
information for one or all
remote nodes.
Defaults set this way apply for the duration
of the current NFT session.
For a TOPS-l0 remote file, you can omit the
PPN if the userid and the project-programmer
number are identical.
For example, you can
enter:
*DIRECT IRIS:;[27,777]/USERID:27,777::FQO
as:
*DIRECT IRIS:;/USERID:27,777::FOO

6-3

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
The NFT commands are:
Command

Action

COpy [output file-spec=]
input file-spec

Copies files from:
local node to remote node
local node to local node
remote node to local node
remote node to remote node

DELETE file-spec(s)

Deletes files
remote node.

DIRECT [output file-spec=]
input file-spec

Lists the directory from the
specified node.

EXIT

Exits from NFT.

HELP

Displays a list of NFT commands.

PRINT file-spec

Prints a
file at the specified
node.
NFT does not check that the
file
is actually printed at
a
remote node.
The file must be
located
at
the
node
in
an
acceptable
format;
and
print
spooling must be available at the
node.

RENAME output file-spec(s)=
input file-spec

SET DEFAULT [node::=]
/USERID[:uid[:acct[:psw]]]

from

local

Changes the name or attributes of a
file.
Valid only for nodes that
support remote renaming.
Sets the defaults for the access
information for one or more remote
nodes.
The defaults remain
in
effect until you change them using
another SET DEFAULT command or exit
from NFT.
NFT applies the defaults
in SWITCH.INI after it sets the
defaults
from
the SET DEFAULT
command.

SUBMIT file-spec

Submits a batch control file or a
command file on a local or remote
node.
NFT does not check that the
file is actually submitted. The
control/command file must be at the
node in an acceptable formatJ and
the batch or command file
facility
must be supported and available at
the node.

TYPE [output file-spec=]
input file-spec

Displays the specified file on your
terminal.

6-4

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
In addition to the standard commands, commands called DAP-mode
commands
are available.
They are the DDELET (delete), DDIREC
(direct), DRENAM (rename), and DSUBMI (submit) commands. You can use
these commands to quickly manipulate a single file on a single host,
or if the remote host does not appear to accept the standard NFT
command.
If you use these commands, you can include only one input
file specification.
These commands may execute faster than the
standard commands because they do not have the same command scanning
and checking as the standard commands. In some cases, they may not
give the same amount or type of information a~ the standard commands.
All NFT and DAP-mode commands described above work between TOPS-10
hosts, and with your files on the local host. However, a command
works on a non-TOPS-10 host only if that host has also implemented
that facility. For example, you can copy files between a TOPS-10 host
and a VMS host because both hosts have implemented the COpy facility.
For those commands with input and/or output file specifications, the
defaults for the command string are listed below. Though most of the
defaults are the same for all the commands, some commands have
different defaults.
The exceptions are noted with each field's
default.
Field

Default

node

local node
all remote nodes for SET DEFAULT
unchanged for RENAME output

device

DSK: for local node, none for remote node
TTY: for DIRECT and TYPE output
unchanged for RENAME output

directory

no explicit directory
unchanged for RENAME output

file name

output input -

input file name
generated name for DIRECT
unchanged for RENAME

output input -

input file type
DIR for DIRECT
unchanged for RENAME

file type

I/O mode

must be specified for DELETE

must be specified for DELETE
CTL for SUBMIT
none for PRINT

file creation mode, assumed to be ASCII
ASCII for DIRECT and TYPE

Characteristics
The NFT program:
Requires LOGIN.
Destroys your core image.
Leaves your terminal at user level.

6-5

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
Examples
1.

Copy a file from the local node to a remote VMS host.
Override the /USERID specified in your SWITCH.INI file •
• R NFT
*COPY ROSE::/USER=PLANNI
For remote ROSE::*.*
User-id: BARSTOW
Account:
Password:
ROSE::COMMUNITY:[BARSTOW]PLANNI •• 2 <=
DSKC:[52,654]PLANNI
Total of 398 words in 4 blocks in 1 file at

2~395

baud

Copy a file from a TOPS-2~ host to a RSTS host while logged
in on a TOPS-l~ host. You must specify a /USERID switch for
each remote host •
• R NFT
*COPY LILY::/USER=DAISY::PLANNING-GUIDE/USER
For remote DAISY::PLANNING-GUIDE.*
User-id: THRING
Account:
Password:
For remote LILY::*.*
User-id: 15,177
Account:
Passwo rd :
LILY::SY:[15,177]PLANNI <=
DAISY::PS:[THRING]PLANNING-GUIDE •• 5
Total of 483 words in 4 blocks in 1 file at 5851 baud

Delete all the files with name UUOSYM from a directory on a
host. You must include the /USERID switch, but need
not explicitly specify the directory because it is the same
as the userid •
TOPS-2~

• R NFT
*DELETE DAISY::UUOSYM.*/USER
For remote DAISY::UUOSYM.*
User-id: THRING
Account:
Password:
DAISY::PS:[THRING]UUOSYM.REL.I
DAISY::PS:[THRING]UUOSYM.UNV.l
Total of 33 blocks in 2 files

6-6

NETWORK FILE TRANSFER USING NFT
4.

Access a directory not your own on a remote TOPS-10 host
called IRIS.
Since your account on the system allows you
read access to the directory, you can specify the other
directory and your userid and read the directory •
• R NFT
*DIRECT IRIS::[I7,353]/USER
For remote IRIS::[I7,353]*.*
User-id: 27,777
Account:
Password:
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]DSKA.BAK
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]DSKAI.FUL
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]INC.BAK
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]FUL.BAK
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]DSKA.INC
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]INC.MIC
IRIS::DSKA:[I,2]FUL.MIC
Total of 7 files

To access accounts with different access information on
several
remote nodes, set the default access information for
all of them •
• R NFT
*SET DEFAULT ROSE::=/USER:BARSTOW:HAHA:HOHUM
*SET DEFAULT IRIS::=/USER:27,777:WRITER:FOFUM
*SET DEFAULT LILY::=/USER:15,177:SCHOLAR:FEEFI
*SET DEFAULT DAISY::=/USER
*COPY ROSE::=DAISY::FCC.~SC
For remote DAISY::FCC.ASC.*
User-id:thing
Account:
Password:

Submit a command file to the VMS command file processor on
host ROSE:.
You have included a /USERID switch for that host
in your SWITCH.INI file so you do not have to include that
switch in the command string •

• R NFT
*SUBMIT ROSE::ABVAX.CTL
ROSE::COMMUNITY:[BARSTOW]ABVAX.CTL.l
Total of 1 file

6-7

CHAPTER 7
CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER

Function
The OPSER program allows you to control up to 14 subjobs from your
terminal.
OPSER acts as the supervisor of the subjobs by passing
monitor-level or user-level commands to all or to selected subjobs.
OPSER can retrieve output from the various subjobs.
OPSER subjobs run on pseudo-terminals
(PTYs).
It performs all
pseudo-terminal
initialization.
You provide the subjob name and
either an OPSER-provided subjob number or a user-assigned name.
System programs or your programs that require a dedicated terminal can
be run as subjobs of OPSER.
By running jobs on PTYs, OPSER maintains
an I/O link between you and the running jobs.
Format
R OPSER
*:command
where:

An asterisk (*) is the OPSER prompt if no subjobs are in use
or if subjobs are waiting for commands.
OPSER responds with
an exclamation point when a subjob is running. You can enter
commands whenever OPSER is operating.
Each command must be
preceded by a colon and may be abbreviated to a unique set of
characters.

Commands to OPSER and their functions are:
Command

Function

:AUTO/hh:mm
filename

Processes the named file as a list of
interactive commands. The AUTO file
is
terminated by either an end-of-file or
the operator typing a line on
the
console.
AUTO files may call other
files,
including
themselves.
The
optional /hh:mm switch sets the time to
run the auto file.
If this time has
passed, the AUTO file runs immediately.

:AUTO/+hh:mm
filename

Processes the AUTO file after the amount
of time specified by the +hh:mm has
elapsed.

:AUTO/>hh:mm
filename

Processes the AUTO file at the next
occurrence of hh:mm.

7-1

CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER
Command

Function

:AUTO/<hh:mm
filename

Does not process the AUTO file if time
has already gone past hh:mm.

Sends

(CTRL/O) to the subjob.

Returns you to monitor level even if you
have active subjobs running.
Use the
:EXIT command (described below) in most
cases.
:CLOSE

Closes the log file
new one.

:CONTINUE

Continues processing the AUTO file after
it has been interrupted by a CTRL/C.
This allows you to gain control of a
subjob during AUTO file processing.

:CURRENT

Displays the name of the current subjob,
if
defined; otherwise, displays the
number of the current subjob.
Output
from another subjob does not affect the
definition of the current subjob.

: DAYTIME

Displays the current date and time.

:DEFINE xxx=n

Associates the symbol xxx as the name
for subjob n.
The symbol B is reserved
for the subjob running BATCON.

:DEVICE dev:1og:n

Assigns the device (dev:), and logical
name
(log)
to subjob n. The logical
name is optional, but you must include a
null
field
if the logical name is
omitted, for example,
:DEVICE CDR::3.
The REENTER command aborts the request.

:ERROR n,m,p

Displays only error messages.
(That is,
ignores nonerror messages from subjob
n.) Printing resumes with the
: REVIVE
command.

:EXIT

Exits to the monitor if subjobs are not
in use; otherwise, give a list of those
that are running. This should be used
instead of CTRL/C, because :EXIT does
not return your job to monitor level
if
there are any active subjobs.
(Also
refer to :MONITOR.)

:FREE

Displays the first free subjob number.

:HELP

Displays text that
OPSER commands.

:JCONT n

Continues the specified currently halted
job.

:KILL n,m,p

Logs out the specified subjobs.
identical to :KJOB.

7-2

without

opening

briefly

explains

This is

CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER
Command

Function

:KJOB n,m,p

Logs out the specified
all files.

:LOGIN proj,prog

Logs in a new subjob.
If you do not
type a project-programmer number, OPSER
assumes your project-programmer number.

:MONITOR

Exits to the monitor,
are running.

:MSGLVL n

Determines whether the response to the
:WHAT command includes the JOBSTS bits.
If n=~, the bits are included.
If n=l,
they are eliminated.
If you do not
specify n,
the JOBSTS bits are not
included.

:QUEUE <line>

Initiates the first free subjob and
sends the typed-in line to the system
queue manager.

:RESOURCES

Displays the list
system resources.

:REVIVE n

Resumes normal echoing of output from
subjob n (that is, clears the effects of
:SILENCE,
:TSILENCE, and
:ERROR
for
subjob n).

:SCHED

Displays the schedule bits as set by the
operator.

subjobs,

even

the

saving

subjobs

available

Bit

Meaning

Regular timesharing.

No further LOGINs except from CTY.

No further LOG INs
from
remote
terminals, and no answering of data
sets.

Batch jobs only.

l~~

Device MOUNTs can be done
operator intervention.

2~~

Unspooling allowed.

4~~

No operator coverage.

10~0

No automatic down-line
nodes.

without

:SEND

Simulates the SEND command, sending a
line of text to the operator's terminal.

:SILENCE n

Suppresses all output from subjob n.

:SLOGIN proj,prog

Logs one subjob in
response.
If
project-programmer
yours.

7-3

but suppresses its
you
omit
the
number, OPSER uses

CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER
Command

Function

:STOP n

Puts the specified subjob at monitor
level. This is equivalent to typing two
CTRL/Cs in interactive mode.

:SYSTAT x

Runs SYSTAT with argument x over the
first free subjob. The argument can be
any valid SYSTAT argument.
(Refer to
the TOPS-l~ Operatin~ System Commands
Manual.) The argument IS optional.

:TIME

Displays the total
running time since
the last :TIME command, followed by the
integrated product of running time and
core size.

:TLOG file-spec

Creates a log file with the specified
nama.
If the file already exists, a
message is printed to determine whether
the existing file should be superseded.
If not, OPSER appends the file to the
existing one. Default for file-spec is
OPSER.LOG on DSK:.

:TSILENCE n

Suppresses all output from subjob n
(same
as the
:SILENCE command)
but
places entries into the log file.

:TTYTST

Tests this terminal by printing all the
ASCII characters between octal 4~ and
174, inclusive.

:WHAT n,m,p

Prints the status of the
specified
subjobs on the terminal.
The status
includes a SYSTAT with the time, the
time of the last input and the last
output, a listing of the JOBSTS bits
depending upon the value of :MSGLVL, and
the time of the next timed AUTO file.

:WHERE devn:

Prints the node number of
physical location.

When a subjob number
(indicated by n, m,
following ways:

or name
p), you

the

device's

is required
in a command string
can specify the subjob in any of the

Omit it, in which case the last subjob typed into is used.

Specify ALL, in which case all active subjobs are implied.

Specify a decimal number, or a list of numbers separated by
commas,
from ~ to the OPSER limit, which designates that
particular subjob number.

Specify a name, or a
previously assigned
command.

list of names separated by commas,
to a particular subjob with the :DEFINE

7-4

CONTROLLING SUBJOBS USING OPSER
Characteristics
The OPSER program:
Requires LOGIN.
Destroys your core image.
Places your terminal at user level.
Example
The following is an example of an automatic startup file •
• TYPE SYS:TTY4.ATO<RET>
:TLOG DSKN:OPSER4.LOG
:SLOG
:DEF Ll=
:SLOG
:DEF L0=
:SLOG
:DEF M=
:SLOG
:DEF B=
: TS I LEN .ALL
LI-AS LPTl
Ll-R LPTSPL
LI-FREEZ
LI-MLIMIT 5000

7-5

CHAPTER 8
LOCAL FILE TRANSFER USING PIP

Function
The PIP program transfers files between standard IIO devices at the
local system.
It can perform simple editing and magnetic tape control
operations during transfer operations.
Format
R PIP

* output file-spec(s)/switches = input file-spec(s)/switches
where:

* is the PIP prompt; output file-spec and input file-spec

are
file specifications which may include wildcards; and = (equals
sign) separates the output from the input files.
You must
include this, even if you omit either file specification.
Iswitch is one or more of the options described below.
Each
description includes any restrictions on combining that switch
with other switches.
Switch

Meaning

Does not split lines between output buffers;
starts each line with a new word.
Used for
FORTRAN ASCII input. This switch may be used with
IC, IE, /G, 1M, IN, 10, IQ, IS, IV, and IZ.

IB
IC

Copies in binary mode.

IG, 1M, IP, IQ, and IX.

This switch is legal

with

Deletes trailing spaces and converts multiple
spaces to tabs.
You can use this switch with lA,

IE, IG, IJ, 1M, IN, 10, IQ, IS, IT,
and IZ.

IV,

IW,

IX,

Deletes one or more files from the destination
device.
You can only specify a destination device
in the command string. You may use the IX switch
with 10.

For card reader input,
ignores card sequence
numbers.
In other words,
this switch replaces
characters in columns 73-80 with spaces.
This
switch can be used with the lA, IC, IG, IJ, 1M,
IN, 10, IQ, IS, IX, and IZ switches.

Gives a limited (fast) version of the directory
You may not use any
for the specified device.
other switches with this one.

8-1

LOCAL FILE TRANSFER USING PIP
Switch

Meaning

Ignores IIO errors and continue processing after
issuing an error message. This switch is always
legal.

Copies in image binary mode.

IG, 1M, IX, and IZ.

You can use
can

use

this

with

Copies in image mode. You
with IG, 1M, IX, and IZ.

switch

Converts non-printing
control
characters
to
control-character
format for terminal output.
That is, e"'l, <CTRL/A), is output as ,. A. lA, IC,
IE, 1M, IW, and IX are permitted with this switch.

Lists the directory for the specified device.
may only use IZ with this switch.

( Mx)

Magnetic tape switches, enclosed in parentheses.
They are listed below. You may not use 10, IF, or
IU with this switch.

You

Switch

Meaning

(M8 )
(M5)
(M2)
( ME)
(M#nA)

80e bpi density (default value)
556 bpi density
2ee bpi density
Even parity (odd parity is default)
Advance tape reel n files.
#n
omitted means one file.
Backspace tape reel n files.
#n
omitted means one file.
Advance tape reel n records.
#n
omitted means one record.
Backspace tape reel n records.
#n
omitted means one record.
Rewind tape reel.
Skip to logical end-of-tape.
Rewind and unload.
Mark end-of-file.

( M#nB)
( M#nD)
( M#nP)
(MW)

(MT)
(MU)
(MF)

Deletes line sequence numbers from an ASCII file.
If tab follows the sequence number, deletes the
tab also. You may use lA, IC, IE, IG, 1M, IQ, IX,
and IZ with this switch.

Resequences or adds line sequence numbers to an
ASCII file,
incrementing by 1. You may use lA,
IC, IE, IG, 1M, IX, and IZ with this switch.

Converts FORTRAN format control characters for
line printer listing. You may use IB and IZ with
this switch.

Lists a
device.

IV.
IR

summary of switches on the specified
You may not use IQ with 10, IF, IR, and

Renames the source file to the name of
destination file. IX may be used with IR.

8-2

the

LOCAL FILE TRANSFER USING PIP
Switch

Meaning

Resequences or adds line sequence
ASCII file, incrementing by 10.
IZ are all valid with IS.

Deletes trailing spaces from the transferred file.
Keeps one space and the line termintor for an
all-space line. You may use IC, IS, and IZ with
this switch.

IU
IV

Obsolete.

numbers

lA, IC, IT, and

Matches angle brackets. If there is an unmatched
angle bracket, creates a file listing those lines
with unmatched angle brackets. You may use IG,
1M, and IZ with IV.

IC and IZ are legal with

Converts tabs to spaces.
this switch.

Ix and IDX

Copies the specified files without concatenating
the files.
IDX copies all but the specified
files.
If you
omit
the
IX switch,
PIP
concatenates the files while copying. You may not
use IF or IL with this switch.

IY
IZ

Obsolete.
Zeroes the directory of the destination device.
PIP attempts to delete all the files named in the
directory, depending on the protection codes. You
may not use this switch with ID or IR.

PIP can transfer files in either ASCII or binary mode. PIP uses the
file extension in the file specification to determine which mode to
use. Whenever possible, PIP transfers files in a binary mode since it
is faster. The binary modes are: binary, image, and image binary.
PIP performs a specific series of tests on a file extension
to determine the mode to use during a transfer operation.
for:
o

The presence of a data mode switch.
PIP goes to the next test.

The presence of a known (standard)
file extension that
specifies a binary mode of transfer. If no binary extensions
are found, PIP goes to the next test.

The input and the output devices specified, to determine if
they are capable of handling binary data. If either of the
devices cannot handle binary, the transfer is made in ASCII
mode.
If both devices can handle binary data, PIP goes to
the next test.

The presence of the IX switch in the command string; if it is
found, the transfer is made in binary mode. If an X option
is not found, PIP goes to the next test.

The presence of commas (non-delimiters)
in the command
string; if commas are found, ASCII mode is indicated. If no
commas are found, the transfer is made in binary mode.

8-3

If no switch

in order
PIP looks
is

found,

LOCAL FILE TRANSFER USING PIP
Characteristics
The PIP program:
Requires LOGIN.
Destroys your core image.
Places your terminal at user level
Examples
1.

Run PIP, and list your directory on your terminal •
• R PIP
*TTY:/L=

Transfer files from area [11,7]
concatenation.

your

directory

without

*DSK:/X=DSK:[11,7]filea.rel,filea.mac
3.

Combine all the files on the tape on MTA0:
your directory.

into one file

*DSK:TAPE.MAC=MTA0:*
4.

Rename the file MONI.MAC to MONI.CBL
*DSK:MONI.CBL/R=MONI.MAC

Change the directory access code of [57,123] to <222>.
*DSKA:[57,123].UFD<222>/R=[57,123].UFD

Transfer a file from MTA1:
parity.

to MTA2:

at 200

bpi

with

even

*MTA2:(M2E)=MTA1:(ME2)
7.

Backspace MTA0:
to the start of the previous file.
equivalent to (M#lB).
*MTA0: (M~) =

Backspace MTA2:

to the start of the current file.

*MTA2: (M#0B)=

8-4

(MB)

CHAPTER 9
LISTING DISK QUOTAS USING QUOLST

Function
The QUOLST program prints the amount of disk space used and the amount
left on each file structure in your search list.
In addition, it
prints the amount of space the file structures have left for all
users.
The information printed on your terminal is:
o

The structure name.

The number of blocks allocated.

The number of blocks left in the logged-in
logged-out quota, and on the structure.

Format
R

QUOLST

Characteristics
The QUOLST program:
Destroys your core image.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Example
.R QUOLST<RET>

USER:
STR
DSKC:
DSKB:

27,5434
USED
1355

LEFT: (IN)
8645

1""""

(OUT)
3645

5"""

9-1

(SYS)
61995
9687"

quota,

the

CHAPTER 1&1)
FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF

Function
The RUNOFF program formats text files using commands you insert into a
file. You create the file and insert the RUNOFF commands using one of
the standard TOPS-1&1) text editors.·
Format
R RUNOFF
*file-spec
where:

* is the RUNOFF prompt; file-spec is a file specification with
standard defaults and wildcard features. The normal extension
for a file that RUNOFF processes is .RNO. The processed file
has an extension of .MEM. You can queue this file to a line
printer, or display it on your terminal.

The commands listed below are inserted into the text file to cause
RUNOFF to perform some action.
All RUNOFF commands begin with a
period (.). You can abbreviate all commands.
Some commands require either numeric or text arguments.
In either
instance, you type the command, one space, and then the argument.
When you have several commands to input, you can list all of them on
one line, separating them with periods. However, if the first command
has a comment or takes text as its argument, you must use a semicolon
to separate the commands. Comments must be preceded by an exclamation
po int (!).
Command

Function

• APPENDIX "text"

Starts appendix with "text" as its name •

• AUTOPARAGRAPH

Treats leading spaces as new paragraph •

.AUTOTABLE

Treats lines without leading
new paragraph.

spaces

.BEGIN BAR

Starts a change bar, which
the left hand margin.

appears

• BLANK n

Skips n lines •

• BREAK

Starts a new output line •

• CENTER n

Centers the next line around column n/2 •

• CHAPTER "text"

Starts chapter with text as name •
112J-l

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
Command

Function

• COMMENT

Ignores this command.

.CONTROL CHARACTERS

Allows control characters
the text.

• DISABLE BAR

Ignores change bars •

.DO INDEX "title"

Outputs
title.

• ELSE

Changes sense of IF/IFNOT •

• ENABLE BAR

Allows change bars •

• ENDIF name

Ends conditional input •

• END BAR

Ends change bar •

.END FOOTNOTE

Ends a footnote definition.

.END LIST

Ends a list.

• END LITERAL

Ends a literal block of text •

• END NOTE

Ends a NOTE command •

.END SELECTION

Stops selection
prefix.

• END SUBPAGE

Stops subpage numbering (resumes page) •

• FIGURE n

Makes space for n-line figure •

.FIGURE DEFERRED n

Same as FIGURE except the figure may
on next page.

.FILL

Resumes
line.

• FIRST TITLE

Includes title on first page •

• FLAGS ALL

Enables existing flag characters •

.FLAGS type "ch"

Changes flag character of the
type to "ch".

• FOOTNOTE n

Starts n-line footnote •

.HEADER x

Issues "page" in case x, where
UPPER, LOWER, or MIXED case.

.HEADER LEVEL n

Starts section at level n (1-5); rest is
name.

.IF

Starts
name.

VARIANT

.IFNOT name

Starts conditional input if not
name.

VARIANT

• INDENT n

Indents next line n spaces •

10-2

index

filling

with

rest

until

and

conditional

line

single

line

each

justifying

input

specified

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
Command

Function

• INDEX

Inserts rest of this line in index •

• JUSTIFY

Resumes justifying text •

.LEFT n

Starts next line
marg in.

• LEFT MARGIN n

Sets left margin •

• LIST n

Starts list of items with spacing n •

• LIST ELEMENT

Starts of item in a list •

• LITERAL n

Starts a literal block of text
long.

• LOWER CASE

Starts footnotes and text in lower case •

• NO AUTOPARAGRAPH

Stops autoparagraph mode •

• NO AUTOTABLE

Stops autotable mode •

• NO CONTROL CHARACTERS

Does not allow control characters •

• NO FILL

Stops fill and justify •

.NO FLAGS ALL

Disables existing flag characters except
• and !.

.NO FLAGS type

Does not use flag
specified type.

• NO HEADER

Suppresses page headers •

• NO JUSTIFY

Stops justifying •

• NO NUMBER

Stops page numbering •

• NO PAGING

Stops splitting into pages •

.NO PERIOD

Stops double spacing
after
period,
exclamation point, semicolon, colon, and
question mark.

• NO SELECTION

Accepts all text as input •

• NO SPACE

Suppresses space on this end of line •

• NO SUBTITLE

Suppresses subtitles •

.NOTE text

Starts indented note with heading "text"
centered.
If you omit "text," RUNOFF
uses the heading NOTE.

• NUMBER n

Resumes page numbering at page n •

• NUMBER APPENDIX n

Sets appendix number to n •

• NUMBER CHAPTER n

Sets chapter number to n •

• NUMBER INDEX

Sets chapter number to "INDEX" •

10-3

columns

from

characters

left

lines

the

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
Command

Function

• NUMBER LEVEL

Sets next HEADER LEVEL to a, b, c, •••

a, b, c, •••
• NUMBER LIST d, c

Sets list counter depth d to c •

• NUMBER PAGE n

Resumes page numbering at page n •

.NUMBER SUBPAGE ch

Sets subpage number to ch (A-Z) •

• PAGE

Starts new page.

.PAGE SIZE n,m
• PAPER SIZE n,m

Sets page size to n lines by m columns
Sets paper size to n lines by m columns •

• PAGING

Resumes breaking into pages •

.PARAGRAPH n, v, t

Starts a new paragraph,
indented
n
spaces, starting v blank lines below the
previous paragraph, and having t as the
TEST PAGE value.

.PERIOD

Double spaces after period, exclamation
point, semicolon, colon, and question
mark.

• PRINT INDEX

Starts printing index •

.RIGHT n

Right adjusts next line n
of the margin.

• RIGHT MARGIN n

Sets right margin to n •

.SELECTION string

Sets selection string.

• SKIP n

Skips n*spacing lines •

• SPACING n

Sets spacing (default=l) •

• STANDARD n

Sets standard setup of width n •

.SUBINDEX

Indexes with
sub-indices.

• SUBPAGE

Starts subpage numbering •

• SUBTITLE or .SUBTTL

Uses rest of line as subtitle •

19-4

n#"

used

columns

left

delimit

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
While inputting your text, you have the option of including special
characters to alter the case and mode operations. You type these
characters immediately before the word or group of words you want to
arrange.
Just like RUNOFF commands, these special characters do not
appear in your output after running RUNOFF. Special text characters
include:
Flag
Character

Function

Underscore (_)

Takes next character as text.

Ci r cum flex ( . . )

Uppercases next character.

Back-slash (\)

Lowercases next character.

Number sign (#)

Treats as an expandable space.

Ampersand (&)

Underlines next character.

Less-than

«)

Capitalizes the following word.

Greater-than (»

Indexes the following word.

Exclamation point (1)

Ends footnote or begins comment.

Period (.)

Treats what follows as a RUNOFF command.

Semicolon (i)

Used to separate multiple commands.

Characteristics
The RUNOFF program:
Requires LOGIN.
Destroys your core image.
Places your terminal at user level.

10-5

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
Examples
1.

Use the .LIST and .LIST ELEMENT commands to create a list •
• NF. LS
.LEiPage numbers on every page except the first,
.LEiSpacing 1 between lines,
.LEiFi11 and justify,
.LEiTab stops 9,17,25,33,41,49,57,65,
.LEiLeft margin 9,
.LEiRight margin 69,
.LEiPage size - Width 69 characters, Length 58 lines •
• ELS
Your output would look like the following:

Page numbers on every page except the first,

Spacing 1 between lines,

Fill and justify,

Tab stops 9,17,25,33,41,49,57,65,

Left margin 9,

Right margin 69,

Page size - Width

characters, Length 58 lines.

To get header levels in your text, you can insert commands in
your text as follows:

.FLAG CAPITALIZE
.CHAPTER EXAMPLE 5
.HL 1 FIRST LEVEL OF SECTION 1
The command .<HEADER <LEVEL starts a section at the level
specified and takes the following text as the header."The
n can be in the range from 1 to 5 •
• HL 1 SECOND LEVEL OF SECTION 1
The sections are incremented by 1, and the number is
output in the form i.j.k.l.m.ttIf this is a chapter
oriented document, the i is the chapter numberitotherwise, the
i is the number of the .<HI 1 level •
• HL 1 THIRD LEVEL OF SECTION 1
This command acts as
.SKIP 3i.NOFILL
.<BREAK .<TEST <PAGE 9i.<BLANK 3
.SKIP 3;.FILL
followed by the section number.,,<HEADER <LEVEL<S 1 AND 2
end with a .<BREAK.#t<HEADER <LEVEL<S 3, 4, AND 5 end with
a space dash space combination (_.-_.).

19-6

FORMATTING TEXT FILES USING RUNOFF
Your output would look like:

CHAPTER 1
EXAMPLE 5

1.1

FIRST LEVEL OF SECTION 1

The command .HEADER LEVEL starts a section at the level specified and
takes the following
text as the header.
The n can be in the range
from 1 to 5.

1.2

SECOND LEVEL OF SECTION 1

The sections are incremented by 1, and the number
is output in the
form
i.j.k.l.m.
If this is a chapter oriented document, the 1 1S the
chapter number; otherwise, the i is the number of the .HL 1 level.

1.3

THIRD LEVEL OF SECTION 1

This command acts as
.BREAK .TEST PAGE 9;.BLANK 3
followed by the section number.
HEADER LEVELS 1 and 2 end with a
.BREAK.
HEADER LEVELS 3,
4, and 5 end with a space dash space
combination (i-i).

10-7

CHAPTER 11
SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC

Function
You can use the SETSRC program to change your job search list or the
system search list. You must be logged in under [1,2] to create a new
system search list. A search list is the order of the file structures
that are to be searched whenever you implicitly or explicitly specify
the generic device DSK:.
The system manager originally defines the
search list to include the file structures that you can access. With
the SETSRC program, you can alter the search list by adding or
deleting file structures.
The search list is of the form:
fsl:, fs2:, fs3:, FENCE, fs4:
where:

fs is the name of the file structure.

The file structures on the left of the FENCE form the active search
list and represent the generic device DSK:
for your job. The active
search list is a list of the file structures that the monitor
searches, and
the order in which the file structures are to be
searched.
The search goes from left to right.
The files to the right of the FENCE compose the passive search list
and represent the file structures that were once in the active search
list.
File structures-are kept in the passive search list so that
quotas can be checked on a DISMOUNT or KJOB command; these structures
are not searched. The FENCE is the boundary between the active and
passive search lists.
You can change the job's search list by adding or deleting file
structures, using the MOUNT and DISMOUNT commands.
Because the SETSRC
program does not create a UFD if one does not exist, use the MOUNT
command to create a
UFD.
Refer to the TOPS-l~ Operating System
Commands Manual for a description of the MOUNT and DISMOUNT commands.

11-1

SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC
Format
R SETSRC
*command/switch
When the program prompt (*) appears, you can respond with any
following commands:

the

Command

Function

A fs1, fs2, •••

Adds one or more file structures to the
existing
active
search list.
The file
structures (with any switches)
are appended
to the beginning or the end of the active
search list according to
the
following
specifications:
o

If
no
asterisk
appears
in
the
specifications (for example, fs1, fs2) or
if an asterisk appears before the file
structure
names
(for example, *,fs1,
fs2), the file structures are added to
the end of the search list.

If an asterisk follows the file structure
names
(for example, fs1, fs2, *,), the
file structures
are
added
to
the
beginning of the search list.

If the asterisk appears in the middle of
the file structures (for example, fs1, *,
fs2),
the file structures before the
asterisk are added to the beginning of
the search list and the file structures
after the asterisk are added to the end.

C fs1,fs2, •••

Creates a new search list for this job.
Any
file structures in the current search list
that are not in the new list are moved to the
passive search list.

CP[dir]

Creates a new default directory path.
You
must specify the new path with this command.

CS fs1,fs2, •••

Creates a new system search list
(that is,
the file structure search list for device
SYS:). You must be logged in under [1,2]
to
use this command.

Prints information (HELP) about the available
commands.

M/switch

Modifies the current search list and DSK:
specification by altering the switch settings
for individual file structures. This command
does not add or remove file structures from
the search list.

R fs1,fs2, •••

Removes file structures from the search list.
They are placed into the passive search list,
so that on subsequent LOGOUTs or DISMOUNTs,
quota limits can be checked. This command
does not affect ersatz devices.

11-2

SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC
Command

Function

Prints the job search list.

Prints the default directory path.

Prints the system search list.

You can use the following switches in the SETSRC command string.
Switches that modify file structures must appear immediately after the
file structure name that· they modify.
Other switches can appear
anywhere
in the command string.
The switches can be abbreviated as
long as the abbreviation is unique.
Switch

Function

/CREATE

Allows new files to be created on the
file structure.
This is the default.

/LIB:[proj,prog]

Used with the C or M command only, /LIB
sets the job's library directory to the
UFD [proj,prog] and adds it to your DSK:
specification.
This means that
if a
file is not found in your directories in
your search list, the library directory
will then be searched for the file.
If
you only type LIB: [PPN] to SETSRC, it
interprets this as M/LIB.

/NEW

Adds the directory [1,5]
to your SYS:
specification.
This means that when the
system directory
is
searched,
the
directory
[1,5] will be searched before
the directory [1,4].
This switch can be
typed
in directly as a command by
omitting the C or M command and the
slash (NEW is equivalent to M/NEW).

/NOCREATE

Does not allow new files to be created
on the
file structure when you specify
DSK:, but allows files to be superseded.
Files
can
be created on the file
structure if you specify
the
file
structure
name explicitly.
You may
specify this switch as /N.

/NOLIB

Removes the library directory from your
DSK:
specification.
This switch is
only valid with the C or M command.

/NONEW

Removes the [1,5]
directory from your
SYS:
specification.
This switch is
only valid with the C or M command.

/NOSCAN

Cancels the
scan
switch
for
the
directory path. You can use this switch
only with the CP command.
If you type
NOSCAN at the prompt, SETSRC interprets
it as CP[dir]/NOSCAN.

/NOSYS

Removes the SYS:
specification from
your DSK:
specification.
This switch
is only valid with the C or M command.

11-3

SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC
Switch

Function

/NOWRITE

Does not allow writing on the file
structure for this job (that is, the
file structure is read-only).
You may
specify this switch as /R.

/SCAN

Sets the scan switch for the directory
path.
When you search for a file,
scanning allows the search to include
higher-level SFDs and the UFD.
You can
use this switch only with
the
CP
command.
If you type SCAN at the
prompt,
SETSRC
interprets
it
as
CP[dir]/SCAN.

/SYS

Adds the SYS:
specification to your
DSK:
specification.
If a file cannot
be found in your directories in your
search list or in your library directory
(if
/LIB:[proj,prog]
has
been
specified), the system directory [1,4]
will then be searched for the file.
This switch can be typed in directly as
a command by omitting the C or M command
and the slash.
For example, SYS is
equivalent to M/SYS.

/WRITE

Allows writing on the
This is the default.

Characteristics
The SETSRC program:
Places your terminal at user level.
Destroys your core image.

11-4

file

structure.

SETTING SEARCH LISTS USING SETSRC
Example
Your search list is defined as DSKB: •
• R SETSRC<RET>
*T<RET>
* DSKB :, FENCE
Add DSKA:

to the end of the search list.

*A DSKA: <RET>
Your search list is now defined as DSKB:,DSKA:.
*T<RET>
DSKB:,DSKA:,FENCE
Add DSKC:

to the beginning of the search list.

*A DSKC:,*<RET>
*T<RET>
DSKC:,DSKB:,DSKA:,FENCE
Remove DSKA:

from the search list.

*R DSKA:<RET>
*T<RET>
DSKC:,DSKB:,FENCE,DSKA~

Disable writing on DSKB:.
*M DSKB:/NOWRITE<RET>
Set your library directory
specification.

[27,500]

and

add

your

DSK:

*M/LIB:[27,500]<RET>
Add SYS:

to your search list.

*SYS<RET>
*T<RET>
/LIB:[27,500]/SYS DSKC:,DSKB:/NOWRITE,FENCE,DSKA:
Your DSK: and SYS:
search list.

specifications are listed first, followed by your

*TS<RET>
The system search list is defined as DSKA:,DSKB:,DSKC:.
*DSKA:,DSKB:,DSKC:

11-5

CHAPTER 12
DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY

Function
The SYSDPY program allows you to display system status and the status
of network links and user jobs, formatted for your particular type of
terminal.
SYSDPY features a display-oriented output format with many
commands for controlling the types of information to include in the
display.
When you first start the SYSDPY program, it displays the status of the
user jobs and the system statistics.
It is ready to receive user
commands at any time. Your commands are not echoed on the screen, but
are reflected in the changes in the display.
Format
To start the SYSDPY program,
type the R command followed by the
special version of SYSDPY that is designed for your type of terminal.
The different version of SYSDPY and the terminal types for which they
are designed are:
Version

Terminal

SYSDPA
SYSDPB
SYSDPY
SYSVBX
SYSV50
SYSV52
SYSV61
SYSANS
SYSDLT
SYSHLZ

DIGITAL VT05A
DIGITAL VT05B (2400 baud)
DIGITAL VT06 (Datapoint 3300)
DIGITAL VB10C graphics display
DIGITAL VT50
DIGITAL VT52
DIGITAL VT61
DIGITAL VT100 or other ANSI terminal
Delta Data Telterm
Hazeltine 2000

Any unprivileged user can run SYSDPY, but the output of certain system
statistics is restricted to privileged jobs only.
If you are logged
in as [1,2], or your job has Spy privileges, you can use all available
SYSDPY commands.
When SYSDPY first starts running,
it displays the normal
job and
system status
(equivalent to the N command).
At any time, you can
type any of the one-letter commands described below, which change
either the type of information displayed, or allow you to control the
display of information.
The file DOC:SYSDPY.MAN contains a full
description of the information in the various displays.
You do not
need to press RETURN after you type a SYSDPY command.
To exit from
SYSDPY, type <CTRL/Z> or <CTRL/C>.

12-1

DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY
If you need help,
type H.
This either lists
a
help
file
(SYS:SYSDPY.HLP,
if it exists) or prints a short listing of available
commands.
Commands to SYSDPY are:
A

Changes SYSDPY's normal scroll setting to no-scroll.
SYSDPY
usually scrolls through the display, advancing one screenful
each update pass.
(Refer to the + and - commands.)

Displays the DECnet link status for
system.

Displays Ethernet status.
This
includes
all
Ethernet
channels, all KLNI controllers, and enabled protocol types.
The E command summarizes datagram traffic and the free queue
errors.

Lists file system statistics for each disk unit in the system.
This
information
includes I/O counts, error summaries,
structure membership, and a summary of swapping units.

Lists the help text.

Lists incremental statistics, which are changes in certain
values since the last update cycle.
The values incremented
are:
system uptime, job runtimes, disk reads and writes, CPU
statistics, network I/O
(byte)
counts, TTY I/O counts, and
network message counts. A + (plus sign) immediately preceding
the uptime value indicates incremental mode.

Lists jobs only, without any system statistics.
listed in columns.

Displays CI network information, including open paths to nodes
on the CI network, packet transmission and reception counts,
and port recoverable error counts.

Writes
the
contents
of
the
screen
to
the
file
LPT:SYSDPY.LOG[-].
SYSDPY logs the screen each time it is
updated.
If this log file already exists, SYSDPY appends the
new data to it. A form feed separates each screen. Typing
<CTRL/Z> to SYSDPY closes the file.

Lists normal job data and an expanded memory summary showing
both virtual and physical job memory usage.
The M job display
does not show system statistics.

Lists the default statistics, which include a column of job
status information, and a column of system status information.
Some of the system statistics listed are CPU idle and lost
time, and available disk structures.

Suppresses statistics from [1,2] jobs for
the J, N, and M
displays. A second a command resumes display of [1,2] jobs.

Lists the system queues, just as the QUEUE program does, but
in DPY mode. This command requires GALAXY Version 4 or later.

Refreshes the entire screen immediately.
SYSDPY automatically
refreshes the screen at various intervals, depending on the
terminal in use.
The R command resets the automatic refresh
counter.

12-2

all

open

links

The jobs

the

are

DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY
S

Changes the SYSDPY display from the default to the disk reads,
disk writes, and the user name for all jobs listed in the N
display.
SYSDPY resumes displaying system statistics when you
type the S command a second time.

Displays ANF network topology and the NCL numbers associated
with each node. This display requires PEEK or Spy privileges.

Attempts to lock SYSDPY in memory and
run it in a high
priority run queue
(HPQ).
In addition, SYSDPY updates the
screen once per second, unless you previously set the update
time to another value
(using the W command). A second V
command clears the lock and HPQ setting, and restores the
update time to ten seconds.
If you issued a SET HPQ command
before running SYSDPY,
the V command locks the job, but
doesn't change the HPQ.
SYSDPY automatically clears the V state after
l~~~
update
cycles, or if you issue a Q command.
The system does not
issue an error message if SYSDPY fails to lock or run in HPQ.
This command requires LOCK or HPQ privileges.

Sets the wait time between screen updates to n seconds.
The
default update time is ten seconds, and one second for the V
display.
You may specify n as any number between ~ and 6~.
Zero means one clock tick.
If you do not specify a time,
SYSDPY assumes the defaul t wa it time of ten 'seconds.

Lists all known LAT servers and some LAT traffic statistics.

Displays ANF network statistics.
This information includes
the number of network messages sent and received according to
message type (such as DATA or NEIGHBORS), a histogram of the
data messages sent and received as a function (log base 2) of
the data message size, and network free core usage.

Displays the DECnet node status for all nodes in the DECnet
network.
Use the A command to change the display from all
network nodes to just those nodes with active links.
Use the
~
command
(described below)
to change the display from all
known nodes to only those nodes with which the local node has
had contact.

Advances the screen by n lines or n jobs, depending on the
current display.
If you do not specify n, SYSDPY advances one
screen. When you type the + command, you clear auto-scroll
(refer to the A command) •

Scrolls the screen backwards by n lines or jobs, depending on
the current display.
If you do not specify n, SYSDPY reverses
one screen.
When you type the
command,
you
clear
auto-scroll (refer to the A command).
Displays idle jobs or DECnet nodes, depending on the current
display.
Typing the !
command again stops display of idle
jobs or nodes.
Changes the listing in the "Where" column of the job display
from the PTY number to the controlling job number of a job
being controlled by another job.

Changes the listing in the "Runtime" column of the job display
from the actual runtime to the percentage of the CPU that the
runtime represents.
12-3

DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY
Eliminates certain statistics from the display.
For the N
display,
the
first part of the system statistics are
eliminated, for a DECnet display, non-valid delay time nodes
are
not
shown, and for the F display, error summary
information is not included.
<ESC>

Freezes the current screen until you type another command.

SPACE

Updates the screen display immediately, but
any SYSDPY parameters.

does

not

change

Characteristics
The SYSDPY program:
Destroys your core image.
Requi res LOGIN.
Places your terminal at user level.
Example
Run SYSDPY on a VT100 terminal to examine job and system statistics.
SYSDPY continually scrolls through this information; you can type a
command at any time to alter the display •
• R SYSANS<RET>
Job Who Where What 'P State Runtime This is RN212A DEC19 TRISMP
17 19,6916 114 STECO 199 RN
99:99.89 dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss UP:91:94:29
18 [OPR]
181 HS S ge:99.99
J4 FAL
(+) 10 OV LS UPTIME
CTX UUO DBL CSH
19 [OPR]
157 HB V 99:99.99 CPU9 9 47 9 99:11.36
0424 NML
11 139
9 12
29 [OPR]
0424 NETMAI 58 ED
99:99.99 CPU1 9 16 9 99:11.35
4 54
9
4
21 [OPR]
31 OPR
96 HB S 99:99.99 CPU2 (Not Running)
22 [OPR]
0424 PSTHRU 14 HB S 99:99.99
DSKI DSKO SWPI SWPO MTAI MTAO
23 [OPR]
0424 MIC
21 HS
99:99.99 CPU9 193
21 269
58
9
9
24 [OPR] 0424 MIC
ge:99.99 CPU1
21 HSI
47
78 317 144
9
9
25 39,5579 129 NE'IWOR 28 "c S 99:99.99 ANF In:167 Out:787 Cor:2693
26 [OPR]
0424 DTELDR 17 HS
99:99.99 DCN In:248 OUt:199 Blk:19/89=13%
185 HS
99:9~.9~ ETH In:1178 Out:151
27 [OPR]
J4 FAL
Dgm: 12/2
28 1~,6926 124 RL211A 595 "c S 99:99.99 TTY In:6
Out:498 Cnk:1775/2669=67%
29 [SELF]
123 MS
326 HB
99:99.99 IPCF S:9
Out:3
W/P:9/9
126 SYSANS 24 RN+
99:99.2~ Mem:512/1965 Shr:559 JRN:5/5/32
39 [SELF]
31 39,6993 125 D6TQ3 84 "c S 99:9~.99 Use:3952/4741 Swp:2756/39468 ASR:.24
32 1~,6~26 127 DIP
37 "c S 99:9~.99 KSYS:+1D1~:45 HDE:19 POK:41/8
33 39,5739 32 DTECO 455 TINV 99:99.26 Job:39/1~~ Det:16
34 19,6962 121 DIRECT 66 "c S 99:99.99 Struc Mnt Free
Struc Mnt Free
35 19,791 J13 MACRO 137 RN
99:94.88 BLKX
19 16995
RENG
142429
2
37 19,6962 132 DTECO 123 "CNS 99:9~.99 DSKA
DSKP
12 7589
295519
3
STECO 171 RN
38 19,6936 4
99:99.21 AP19
1
129165
DSKC
16 74249
ge:99.25 BLKK
52 [OPR]
115 SYSANS 19 HS+
13 111939
DSKR
191129
1
53 [OPR]
116 OPR
96 HB S 99:99.99 DSKZ
554173
BLKY
191535
8
9

Now type the E command to SYSDPY to examine Ethernet status.
type the command, it does not echo on your terminal.
E

12-4

When you

DISPLAYING SYSTEM STATISTICS USING SYSDPY
Ethernet Status of RL226A DEC10 Development dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss UP:05:00:46
Chan/Kont
ETH-0
NI-0
NI-l

State
Online
Online
Online

Protocol
60-04 LAT
90-00 Loopback
60-02 RmtCon
-Inf60-01 DNA/MOP
60-03 DECnet
-Inf-

State
Online
Onl ine
Online
Online
Online
Online
Online

E-Net Address
AA-00-04-00-6E-IC
AA-00-03-03-00-22
AA-00-03-03-00-13
Kont
NI-0
NI-0
NI-0
NI-0
NI-l

User
System
System
System
Job 17 Ctx 1
Job 17 Ctx 1
System
Job 23 Ctx 1

Exit from SYSDPY by typing <CTRL/Z>.

12-5

DgmXmt
35048
34395
653

DgmRcv
107327
100269
7058

DgmXmt
34365
0
30
0
0
653
0

DgmRcv
97026
2
3239
0
2
7058
0

FQE
5
0
0
0
0
3
0

INDEX

Accessing tapes, 1-1
Action commands, 1-1
runtime commands, 1-3
swi tches, 1-2
Active search list, 11-1
ANF network topology, 12-3
ASCII source file comparison, 4-3
Assembly listing, 3-1
AUTO files, 7-1
Backing up files, 1-1
BACKUP
examples, 1-8
prompts, 1-3
Baud rate, 6-1
Binary
file comparison, 4-2
files, 5-1
mode, 6-1
transfer modes, 8-3

FILCOM
examples, 4-6
program, 4-1
File Access Listener (FAL) , 6-1
File transfer, 6-1
Flags in GLOB output, 5-3
GLOB
example, 5-4
program, 5-1
Global symbols, 5-1
High-segment files, 4-3
Listing global symbols, 5-1
Local file transfer, 8-1
Logged-in quota, 2-1
Logged-out quota, 2-2
MACRO label, 4-4

Changing directory paths, 11-2
CI network information, 12-2
Commands
to NFT, 6-4
to OPSER, 7-1
to RUNOFF, 10-1
to SETSRC, 11-2
to SYSDPY, 12-2
Comparing files, 4-1
Compressed core image files, 4-3
Creating directories, 2-1
CREDIR
examples, 2-3
switches, 2-1
Cross-referenced listings, 3-1

Relocatable symbols, 5-2
Restoring files, 1-1
Running subjobs, 7-1

Data Access Protocol (DAP), 6-1
DECnet, 6-1, 12-2
Defaults for GLOB, 5-2
Directories, 2-1
Directory paths, 11-2
Disks, 9-1
Displaying system statistics,
12-1

Search lists, 2-1, 11-1
Spooled output, 3-1
Status-setting commands, 1-4
Sub-file directories (SFDS), 2-1
SWITCH.INI file, 2-2
Symbol tables, 5-1
SYSDPY versions, 12-1
System status, 12-1

Ersatz devices, 2-1
Ethernet, 12-2
FENCE, 11-1

Network File Transfer, 6-1
OPSER program, 7-1
Output
from FILCOM, 4-5
from GLOB, 5-3
Passive search list, 11-1
Pseudo-terminals (PTYs), 7-1
QUOLST program, 9-1

Tape positioning, 1-7
Text formatting, 10-1
User id, 6-3
User-file directories (UFDs), 2-1,
11-1

Index-l

TOPS-10
User Utilities Manual
AA-09988-T8

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