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AA-D598A-TB

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Document:	AA D598A SOS Reference Manual Jul78
Order Number:	AA-D598A-TB
Revision:	0
Pages:	346
Original Filename:	AA_D598A_SOS_Reference_Manual_Jul78.pdf

OCR Text

TOPS·"10
SOS Reference Manual
Order No. AA-D598A-TB

July 1978
This document describes the elements of the TOPS-10 SOS Text
Editor Program.
OPERATING SYSTEM AND VERSION:

TOPS-10, Version 6.03

SOFTWARE VERSION:

SOS, Version 21 (134)+

To order additional copies of this document, contact the Software Distribution
Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754

digital equipment corporation · maynard, massachusetts

First Printing, July 1978

The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such
license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

Copyr ight

The postage-prepaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this
document requests the user's critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

DIGITAL
DEC
PDP
DECUS
UNIBUS
COMPUTER LABS
COMTEX
DDT
DECCOMM
ASSIST-II

DECsystem-IO
DEC tape
DIBOL
EDUSYSTEM
FLIP CHIP
FOCAL
INDAC
LAB-8
DECSYSTEM-20
RTS-8

MASSBUS
OMNIBUS
OS/8
PHA
RSTS
RSX
TYPESET-8
TYPESET-II
TMS-II
ITPS-IO

CONTENTS

Page
PREFACE
CHAPTER

CHAPTER

xi
1

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM

1-1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

CREATING A FILE
ENDING SOS
USING OPTIONS WITH SOS
SOS CONTROL MODES
Input Mode
Alter Mode
Edit Mode
EDITING A FILE
EDITING A FILE IN ANOTHER DIRECTORY
RECALLING ARGUMENTS TO THE SOS COMMAND
THE R SOS COMMAND

1-1
1-4
1-4
1-6
1-6
1-8
1-9
1-9
1-11
1-11
1-13

GIVING COMMANDS

2-1

2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2

COMMAND FORMATS
COMMAND LEVELS
SOS Input Line Format
SOS Command Level Format
CORRECTING TYPING ERRORS
STOPPING A COMMAND
Using CTRL/G
Using CTRL/C
GIVING COMMANDS IN AN INDIRECT COMMAND FILE
Creating An Indirect Command File
Using An Indirect Command File

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-7
2-8

USING MULTIPAGE FILES

3-1

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4

SOS PAGE MARK FORMAT
LINE AND PAGE NUMBERS
SPECIAL CHARACTERS FOR LINE AND PAGE NUMBERS
The Period (.)
The Asterisk (*)
The Up-arrow ("')
The Exclamation (1)
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS WITH LINE AND PAGE
NUMBERS

3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3

iii

3-4

CONTENTS (CONT.)

Page
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9.1
3.9.2
3.9.3
CHAPTER /4

CREATING MULTI PAGE FILES
EDITING MULTI PAGE FILES
DELETING LINES IN MULTIPAGE FILES
KILLING PAGE MARKS IN MULTI PAGE FILES
RENUMBERING LINES IN MULTI PAGE FILES
Renumbering Your File
Renumbering Using A Number Other Than 100
Wrap Around

3-5
3-7
3-10
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-16

USING SOS OPTIONS

4-1

OPTION FORMAT
THE SWITCH.INI OPTION FILE
SWITCH.INI Option File Line Formats
Including An Option In Your SWITCH.INI
File
Multiple Lines/Formats within Your
4.2.3
SWITCH.INI File
SETTING OPTIONS
4.3
Giving An Option with The SOS Command
4.3.1
Including An Option In An Indirect Command
4.3.2
File
Setting An Option From Edit Mode
4.3.3
Finding The Status Of An Option
4.3.4
DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS
4.4
BAK
4.4.1
BASIC
4.4.2
BIG
4.4.3
C64
4.4.4
C128
4.4.5
CASE
4.4.6
DECIDE
4.4.7
DELETE
4.4.8
DISK
4.4.9
4.4.10
DPY
ERROR
4.4.11
4.4.12
EXPERT
4.4.13
INCREMENT
ISAVE
4.4.14
LENGTH
4.4.15
4.4.16
LMAR
LOCATION
4.4.17
4.4.18
LOWER
4.4.19
M33
M37
4.4.20
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2

4-1
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-7
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14
4-15
4-17
4-18
4-19
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-25
4-27
4-28
4-29
4-30
4-33
4-34

CONTENTS (CONT.)

Page
4.4.21
4.4.22
4.4.23
4.4.24
4.4.25
4.4.26
4.4.27
4.4.28
4.4.29
4.4.30
4.4.31
4.4.32
4.4.33
4.4.34
4.4.35
4.4.36
4.4.37
4.4.38
4.4.39
4.4.40
4.4.41
4.4.42
4.4.43
4.4.44
4.4.45
CHAPTER

4-36
4-37
4-38
4-39
4-40
4-41
4-42
4-44
4-45
4-46
4-47
4-48
4-49
4-50
4-51
4-53
4-54
4-55
4-56
4-57
4-58
4-59
4-60
4-61
4-62

MAXLN
NAME
NOBAK
NODECIDE
NODELETE
NONSEPARATORS
NONUMBER
NOVICE
NUMBER
OLD
OPTION
Period (.)
PLINES
PMAR
READONLY
RMAR
RUN
SAVE
SEPARATORS
SEQUENCE
START
STEP
STRING
UNSEQUENCE
UPPER

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-1

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20

5-3
5-5
5-7
5-9
5-11
5-13
5-17
5-31
5-37
5-39
5-43
5-47
5-51
5-57
5-61
5-63
5-69
5-71
5-73
5-75

LINEFEED COMMAND
ESCAPE COMMAND
MOVE COMMAND
/
SET COMMAND
GIVE COMMAND
@
INDIRECT COMMAND
ALTER - A COMMAND
COpy - C COMMAND
DELETE - D COMMAND
END - E COMMAND
FIND - F COMMAND
GO - G COMMAND
HELP - H COMMAND
INSERT - I COMMAND
JOIN - J COMMAND
JUSTIFICATION - JC, JL, JR, JU, JW COMMANDS
KILL - K COMMAND
LIST - L COMMAND
MARK - M COMMAND
NUMBER - N COMMAND

CONTENTS (CONT.)

Page

CHAPTER

5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27

PRINT - P COMMAND
REPLACE - R COMMAND
SUBSTITUTE - S COMMAND
TRANSFER - T COMMAND
INVERT - VV, VL, VU COMMANDS
WORLD (SAVE-THE-WORLD) - W COMMAND
EXTEND - X COMMAND

5-79
5-81
5-85
5-93
5-99
5-101
5-105

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

6-1

6.1
6.2
6.2.1

SOS AND YOUR TERMINAL SETTING
TERMINAL TYPE: UPPERCASE-ONLY
Typing Uppercase On Uppercase-Only
Terminals
Typing Lowercase On Uppercase-Only
Terminals
TERMINAL TYPE: UPPERCASE-LOWERCASE
Typing Uppercase On Uppercase-Lowercase
Terminals
Typing Lowercase On Uppercase-Lowercase
Terminals
TYPING SPECIAL CHARACTERS

6-1
6-2

6.2.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.4
CHAPTER

6-6
6-7
6-7
7-1
7-1
7-2
7-2

7.4
8

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS

8-1

8.1
8.2
8.3

LINE CONTENTS COMMAND FORMATS
LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATION EXAMPLES
LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATION IN THE
SUBSTITUTE COMMAND

8-1
8-2

SOS FILE BACKUP

9-1

9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.3.1

THE WORLD (SAVE-THE-WORLD) COMMAND
THE AUTO-SAVE FEATURE
File Backup While Inputting
File Backup While Editing
SAVING YOUR FILE
Ending SOS Saving The Line Numbers

9-1
9-2
9-2
9-2
9-3
9-3

7.3.2

CHAPTER

6-3
6-6

COMMAND FORMAT DEFINITION
SPECIAL MODE - /C128
SPECIAL MATCHING CHARACTERS
Character Match, without Character
Specification .
Character Match, with Character
Specification
SPECIAL REPLACEMENT CHARACTERS

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.3.1

CHAPTER

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE
COMMANDS

6-2

7-3
7-4
7-6

8-5

CONTENTS (CONT.)

Page

CHAPTER

9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.4
9.5
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.5.3
9.5.4

Ending SOS without Saving The Line Numbers
Ending SOS with No Backup File
Ending SOS without Saving The File
SOS BACKUP FILES
"INSUFFICIENT DISK SPACE - WELL?" MESSAGE
Well? - G Response
Well? - T Response
Well? - R Response
Well? - W Response

9-4
9-5
9-6
9-6
9-9
9-10
9-10
9-11
9-11

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS

10-1

10.1
HOW SOS KEEPS THE CURRENT FILE IN MEMORY
10.1.1
The Memory Buffer
10.1.2
The nnnSOS.TEM File
10.1.3
The nnnSOS.TMP File
10.1.4
Using the nnnSOS.TEM and nnnSOS.TMP Files
10.2
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR FILES AFTER AN E, G, OR
W COMMAND?
10.2.1
Turning Off The Backup System
- /NOBAK Option
10.2.2
Keeping A Permanent Backup File
- /OLD Option
10.3
RECOVERING FROM A SYSTEM CRASH

10-1
10-2
10-2
10-3
10-3
10-9
10-13
10-13
10-14

APPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS

A-I

APPENDIX B

SUMMARY OF SOS OPTIONS

B-1

APPENDIX C

SOS CHARACTER TABLE

C-l

APPENDIX 0

TOPS-I0 STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS

0-1

APPENDIX E

SOS ERROR MESSAGES

E-l
Index-l

INDEX

vii

CONTENTS (CONT.)

Page
TABLES
TABLE

6-1
A-I
B-1
C-l
C-2
0-1

Special Characters and Their C128
Representation
Symbols Used For Line/Page Numbers
Summary of SOS Options
SOS Character Set
ANSI Character Names
TOPS-IO Standard File Extensions

viii

6-8
A-I
B-2
C-2
C-3
0-1

Please read the Preface before reading the rest of the manual.

PREFACE

This is a complete reference manual for the SOS text editor, a TOPS-IO
utility program.
It is written for the beginner who is familiar with
other text editors, as well as for the experienced SOS user needing
reference material for the SOS program.
This manual assumes the comput~r you use has a TOPS-IO monitor and you
know how to log in.
It also assumes that you have read the following
manual:
SOS User's Guide (DEC-IO-USOSA-A-D)
Copies of this manual can
Distribution Center.

purchased

through

DIGITAL'S

Software

If you find any errors in this manual, please fill out and mail the
Reader's Comment Card found at the back of this manual. All reported
errors in the documentation of this manual will be corrected as soon
as possible.
Updates to this manual can be purchased separately and
can be obtained from the Software Distribution Center.
Chapter 1, Introduction To The SOS. Program, can be used
for all SOS users.

review

Chapter 4, Using SOS Options, and Chapter 5, SOS Command Descriptions,
are printed on blue paper for ease in reference.
Examples in this manual use files containing text and programs.
Some
of the examples show how to correct spelling and punctuation errors.
Because you need not be familiar with any programming languages,
the
word "filespec" is used to refer to the full file specifications that
can be used in SOS.
The TOPS-IO SOS Reference Card is a pocket guide listing all
commands,
options,
special
features,
and error messages.
reference card is included in the packaging of this manual.

SOS
One

Symbols Used In This Manual
Symbol

Meaning

*P500:700

Anything you type on your terminal appears in
red.
Anything the system prints on ~our terminal
appears in black.
Press the key labeled RETURN or CR.
Press the key labeled DELETE or RUBOUT.
Press the key labeled ESC, ESCAPE, ALT, or PRE.
Press the key labeled LINEFEED or LF.
Press the space bar

onc~o

Press the key labeled BACKSPACE.
Press the key labeled TAB
labeled CTRL and I together.

press

[]

Brackets enclose all optional arguments.

()

Parentheses
argument.

enclose

xii

the

name

the

value

keys

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM

This chapter describes the various formats of the SOS and R SOS
commands that start the SOS program. This chapter also describes the
control modes and the commands that allow you to exit from SOS.
Before you can start SOS, you must log in to the TOPS-IO system.
either the SOS or the R SOS command to create or edit a file.

Give

NOTE
The SOS command is used in all the
descriptions
and examples throughout
this manual.
See Section 1.8 for a
description of the R SOS command.

1.1

CREATING A FILE

When you issue the SOS command, SOS responds with a word called a
keyword.
The keyword may be either FILE: or INPUT:, depending on
whether you had named the file or not.
To create a new file,
select a file specification that does not
already exist and give it either as an argument to the SOS command or
as an argument to the SOS keyword FILE:. For example,

.80S FACTOR. MAC~
INPUT: FACTOR.MAC

00100

or
.80S~

f' ILE: FACTOR. MAC G!:D
INPUT: FACTOR.MAC

00100

In the first example, you type SOS and the new file specification,
press RETURN, and SOS will print INPUT:.
In the second example, you
type SOS and press RETURN, and SOS will print FILE:.
In either case,
you type the file specification as an argument, then press RETURN.
SOS creates that new file, prints INPUT:
followed by the file
specification, and prints the default line number 00100. Now you can
start entering the contents of your file.
1-1

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
The default line number 00100 can be changed with the START option.
Each time you press RETURN (carriage return), SOS gives a new line and
line number.
The filename may be from one to six alphanumeric characters (A through
Z and 0 through 9). No special char~cters are allowed.
If you use
any character other than A through Z or 0 through 9, SOS will respond
with the error message:
? ILLEGAL CHAR IN CMD and will then prompt
you with the keyword FILE:.
You must then specify new
file
specification or press Control C (CTRL/C) to return to the TOPS-IO
monitor.
If you specify more than six characters as a filename,
SOS
will recognize only the first six characters. For example,

•

• SOS A:r.BCD. xxx G!D

? ILLEGAL CHAR IN CMD

FILE: '"'C

(nRLll)

•

• SOS ABCDEFGH I JK • XXX ~

INPUT: ABCDEF.XXX
00100

The period character (.) is the only character that can be used as the
separator between the filename and the file extension.
The file extension may be from one to three alphanumeric characters (A
through Z and 0 through 9). No special characters are allowed.
If
you specify more than three characters, SOS will recognize only the
first three characters.
The file extension may be omitted. For
example,

GO
+

•

SOS ABeD.! 214 G!D

? ILLEGAL CHAR IN CMD
FILE: ABCD.123456789G!D
INPUT: ABCD.123

00100

NOTE
If you want your file to contain a
program,
use
one
of the standard
extensions as your
file
extension.
Refer to Appendix D, TOPS-IO Standard
File Extensions, for a complete list of
system file extensions.

1-2

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
If you have read/write privileges to another directory, you may
specify a device before th~ filename and extension and a path
specification and protection code after the filename and extension.
This is referred to as a full file specification. For example,

I~'

I',• S'
E:. . 'T' X 'r [ ':)'7 Y 1 3 I::'
0:.-"> fIi[l"""\
S·0• <:)
,.)
ow 1.:'
. , (".~ •• S'
"'" AM f:' L
..
~ J' <"• 0 ,J"",J.
~

to "'"

INPUT: DSKC:SAMPLE.TXTl27,135J
00100

(Refer to Section 1.6 for additional information on editing files in
another directory.
Refer to Chapter 2, Giving Commands, for a
complete description of full file specifications.)
If you already have a file in your directory with the filename and
file extension that you specified in the SOS command, SOS prints EDIT:
and your file specification.
(You are now in Edit mode and not in
Input mode.) If you do not want to edit the current file, give the EO
command to exit from the SOS session, and then respecify the SOS
command with a new file specification. For example,

CD
<:'OC'
'C'AMf:'LC
l'X'T'
rRfT\
\.);:)
1:. . .
. \
~

EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*EO GE0
.!:;os~
F 11... [ : SAMPLE. DI~T ~

INPUT: SAMPLE.DAT
00100

SOS will not let you inadvertently destroy your file
SOS at TOPS-10 command level.

when

you

start

After you give the SOS command and your new file specification, you
may enter the contents of your file. If you make typing errors, press
DELETE to delete one character at a time or press BACKSPACE to move
the cursor (of a display terminal) backward one character at a time.
These editing characters operate only on the current line. After you
press RETURN, you must give other SOS commands to change the contents
of the line.
(Refer to Section 2.3, Correcting Typing Errors, for
more information and examples.)
When you finish entering the contents of your file, press ESCape. SOS
will then print an asterisk (*), which indicates that SOS is at
command level in Edit mode. To end the SOS session and save the file,
type E and ~ress RETURN. For example,

CD
C'()<:'
",.)
.... )

'L C'J"rE-f" 'J'X'T' ~HET
•• 1:. . • • \ • . \

INPUT: LETTER.TXT
00:1.00
THIS IS LINE toO OF I... ETTER.TXT G2)
OO~!OO
THIS IS LINE 20() OF LETTER. TXT GD
OO~~()O

*E~

1-3

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
Remember, after you press ESCape, SOS prints an asterisk (*). You can
then give any sequence of SOS commands that helps prepare your file.
Each file you create is kept in your default directory path unless you
specify
a different path following the filnam.ext for another
directory where you have read/write privileges.

102

ENDING SOS

Give the End command to end SOS and save your file.
Give the Go
command to end SOS, save your file, and execute the last COMPILE,
EXECUTE, LOAD, or DEBUG command that was given at TOPS-IO command
level.
When you give a command that saves your file (End, Go or World), SOS
creates a backup file as well, by assigning your previous file the
same name but a file extension beginning with a Q.
This happens
because the BAK option is turned on when you start SOS. To alter this
default, set the /NOBAK option.
If you specify the NOBAK option in an
SOS session, SOS does not rename your previous file.
(Refer to
Section 4.4.16 for a description of the NOBAK option.)
The World
(Save-the-World)
command saves your file as described, but does not
end the SOS session.
One of the following options can be used with the End command when you
save your file:
1.

The B option suppresses the creation of the
.Qxt and
.Zxt
backup file.
The
.Zxt file is only created when the /OLD
option is set, i.e., the B option overrides the /OLD option.

The D option suppresses the saving of your edited
deletes your original file from your directory.

file

and

The Q option suppresses the saving of your edited
exits from SOS leaving your original file intact.

file

and

The S option unsequences (removes the line numbers)
edited file before saving it.

from your

If no option is specified with the E, G, or W command, your file
is
saved as it appears, including the line numbers.
(Refer to Chapter 5
for further descriptions and command formats of the E, G,
and W
commands and their options.)

1.3

USING OPTIONS WITH SOS

The SOS program includes various switches (referred to as options in
this manual)
that allow you to tailor the SOS program to your needs.
Some of these options are automatically turned on
(for example BAK,
which backs up your file). Other options are automatically turned off
(for example LOWER, which allows lowercase character input).
In
addition, other options contain a value (for example MAXLN, which
specifies the maximum number of input lines per page for your file).

1-4

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
By setting one or more options with the SOS command (or during an SOS
session), you can turn the options on or off and also change the
options that contain a value.
(Refer to Chapter 4, Using SOS Options,
for a complete description of all the available SOS options and their
uses. )
To set options, use a command of the following form:
.SOS/STAPT: 10/C12n.lEXF'EF;:T~
FILl:: TEXT. F;:NO ~
INPUT: TEXT .I:;:NO
00010

As the example above shows, you type SOS followed by a slash
(Set
option command)
and the desired option. A slash character (I) must
precede each option that you specify. You then press RETURN and SOS
prints FILE:.
Now you can type the file specification. Although
spaces and tabs are allowed between options, they are not allowed in
the file specification.
When specifying SOS options with
formats you can use. They are:

the

SOS

command,

GO
• SOS ABeD t TXT IC128/SEF'AF~AT()RS/START: 10 QB

INPUT: ABCIt.TXT
00010

or
c=~)
• SOS/C128/SEPAF;:ATOf<S/S rAF:T : 1 0 'ABeD. TXT GIO

INPUT: ABCD.TXT
00010

or
.508 ~

FILE: .lC 128/SEPAR(~TOF~~:;/STAR'i : 10' ABeD. TXT G:t!)
INPUT: ABCD.TXT
00010

or
.~)o~:; ~

F I L E;

ABC D • TXT.I C :L ? B.I S E F' AF:: AT U~: S.l ~; T (.) f< T : :l 0 GB

INPUT: ABell. TXT
0001.0

1-5

there

are

four

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
If you try to set a nonexistent option when you start SOS,
the SOS
program prints ?ILLEGAL SWITCH,
followed by FILE: • You must then
retype the file specification and the desired options.
For example,

GO
.SOS SAMPLE. TXT/C128/SFF'Ef~AT()RS~
'!' ILLEGAL SWITCH
F I I... E t ~; AMP l.. F • TXT.I C 1 ? B.I S E F' ARAT 0 R S GO
INPUT: SAMPLE. TXT
00100

1.4

SOS CONTROL MODES

three basic control
SOS has the following
initiate through the SOS command level:
1.

Input

(See Section 1.4.1.)

Alter

(See Section 1.4.2.)

Edit

(See Section 1.4.3.)

modes,

which

you

can

Other modes can exist, such as BASIC, EXPERT, and READONLY, which you
can initiate with any of the SOS options.
(Refer to Chapter 4, Using
SOS Options, for a complete description of these options.)

1.4.1

Input Mode

You can use Input mode to create a file.
SOS
in Input mode by printing a line number as a
line number is 00100 with increments of 100.
use the INCREMENT and START options described

indicates that you are
prompt.
The SOS default
To change this default,
in Chapter 4.

You can start Input mode in four ways:
1.

crea~ing

a new file

a new file.
Type the input file
specification for
automatically starts out in Input mode.
For example,

SOS

GO
~~;U~:;

COBOl... CBl.. ~
I NF'UT! COBOl... ,. CDI...
OOlO()
00200
00300
0040()

*F~

IDENTIFIC(.)TION DIVISION ~
!:>AMPLE ~
t"IUTHOP. DIGITAL,. GD
PROGf<i~M"" I D ,.
~~

CD~:; I'; C : COB 0 l.. • C II I... I:: 2"/ ~ ~:j :I. 0 "/ J J

In this example, you type the contents of the line and then
press RETURN.
SOS then generates the next line number in
Input mode.
This mode continues until you press ESCape.

1-6

INTRODUCTION TO THE 50S PROGRAM
2.

By editing a nonexistent file
When you attempt to edit a file that does not exist, the
program creates the file and
initiates Input mode.
example,

SOS
For

(",'"

+ ("'
,JO,;) CABO!.... LHL.. ~
INPUT: CABOI....CBl..
"

00:1.00

*FCl ~

If you do not want to create this new file, press ESCape to
end
Input mode.
When an asterisk appears, type EQ and press
RETURN to end the SOS session without saving the file.
3.

By editing an existing file with the Insert command
To edit an existing file, you may use the Insert
enter Input mode.
For example,

command

G:)
• SOS COBOL. CFL ~)
EDIT: COBOL.CBL
*1400 G:0:)
00400
ENJIRONMEN'; DIVISION. GTD
00500
DATE DIVISIUN ••

*
SOS will corytinue in this mode if you are inserting lines at
the end of your file or at the end of a page in your file.
To return to Edit mode, press ESCape to end Input mode.
4.

By editing an existing file with the Replace command
To edit an existing file, you may use the Replace command
enter Input mode.
For example,

CD
.80S COBOL. eBL GIO
E D I l: C () B () L.. • C til"
*R::j()O ~
()O~:j()()

CONF I GURAT ION SECT I ON. ~

0()600
00700

SOURCE"-COMPUTEF~.

DECSYSTEM-·,:1. 0 + ~

1 LINES (00500/1) DELETED

*
SOS will continue in this mode if you are replacing lines at
the end of your file or at the end of a page in your file.
To return to Edit mode, press ESCape to end Input mode.

1-7

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM

1.4.2

Alter Mode

When you are in Alter Mode, you can change or correct a file character
by character. To enter Alter mode from the SOS command level, type A
and a specific line number or range of line numbers.
Alter mode contains its own instructions which do not echo on the
terminal.
When you use these Alter instructions, the content of the
line being altered does echo on the terminal.
See Chapter 5, SOS
Command Descriptions, for a further description of the Alter command.
In the following example you create a file, press
enter Alter mode by typing A and a line number.

ESCape,

and

then

•

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
INPUT: SAMPLE.TXT
00100
THIS IS PAGE TWO,
00200
THIS IS PAGE ONE,
00300
THIS IS PAGE ONE,
00400
THIS IS PAGE TWO,
00500

LINE TWO
LINE TWO
LINE FOUR
LINE FOUR

t
GD

*Al00~

00100

THIS IS PAGE \\TWO\\ONE, LINE TWO\\TWO\\ONE

*P100~

00100

3eONE

""-3DIONE GQGiD

THIS IS PAGE ONE, LINE ONE

*
In the following example, you edit an existing file and
mode by typing A and a specific range of line numbers.

enter

S"AMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPL.E.TXT
• SOS

*A300 : 400 ~
00300

00400

THIS IS PAGE ONE, LINE \\FOUR\\THREE

W
W W W
4DITHREE ~GID
THIS IS PAGE TWO\\TWO\\ONE, LINE FOUR

W W

....

3DIONE GD~

*P300:400 ~
00300
THIS IS PAGE ONE, LINE THREE
00400
THI~~ IS PAGE ONE, LINE FOUR
*E~

[DSKC:SAMPLE.TXT(27,5107JJ
You can change from one mode to another during any SOS session.

1-8

Alter

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM

1.4.3

Edit Mode

You are in Edit mode when you change or edit an existing file on a
line-by-line basis.
You can also be in Edit mode after you create a
file and before you end an SOS session.
An asterisk
(*)
prompt
character indicates that you are in Edit mode.

<.~ (I C' '(" (') I: 0 L C' B, L.. r;;;:;-"\.
~':>'''>J,3.
~
EDIT: COBOL.CBL
*D400 ~

1 LINES (00400/1) DELETED

*F' 1 00 : ~)()() CJ:0
00l()0
00200
00300
005()0

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM ID. SAMPLE
AUTHOR. DIGITAL.
THIS IS AN SOS EXAMPLE
DATA-DIVISION.

*
Once you are in Edit mode, you can type in any of the
program-level commands described in Chapter 5 and Appendix A.

1.5

SOS

EDITING A FILE

To correct (edit) an existing file, type the SOS command with the
proper file specification and any options desired.
(You can specify
the options before the file specification or after it.)

GO
c 0, c:
'(" A, MI::' L, E",_ • 'T' X 'T' / / ("., 1 ') (:) 1 I'.I E"_(~ I [.I f.7_ r:-;::;"'\
.;:)
..,.:>
~
EDIT: SAMPL..E.TXT
A_ (;)

*
or

.SOS/C128/DECIDE 'SAMPLE. TXT GEO
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT

SOS prints
When you start SOS to edit a file,
specification,
and an asterisk which is the
character.

EDIT:, your file
Edit mode prompt

Every SOS command format shown in Section 1.1 allows you to specify a
new file specification for an existing file by using the equal sign
character (=). In the example below, you can specify a new file,
TEST.TXT, to be edited from the existing file, SAMPLE.TXT.

.80S TEST. TXT;::;SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT

1-9

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
SOS options can be included either before or after the
file
specification.
If you specify a file specification that does not
exist, SOS prints INPUT:
instead of EDIT:.
CjD
• SOS/EXPERT' ABCD. TXT::::WXYZ. TXT GIQ
INPUT: WXYl.TXT

00100

The example above shows that when you specify the EXPERT option and a
new file specification of ABCD.TXT for a WXYZ.TXT file specification
that does not exist, SOS will create this file.
To check that the
ABCD.TXT file was created, use the NAME option of the Give (=)
command; SOS will print the output file specification. For example,
00100

*::::NAME~
DSI':C: ABeD. TXT

*
When you use the 50S tormat with the equal sign
(=)
character, SOS
preserves the existing copy of your file and saves the changes in a
file stored separately.
To change your file, use any of the SOS commands listed in Chapter 5,
SOS Command Descriptions, or Appendix A. When you have completed
editing your file, give the E command to save your file.
SOS then
prints the name of the saved edited file.
For example,

~
~S()S

EDIT:

l.IBAI:;;Y. TXT=::STAT. TXT GB
STAT.TXT

*D200: 3()0 0iD
2 LINES (00200/1:00300) DELETED
*E~

[DSKC:LIBARY.TXT[27,5107JJ

In the example above, STAT.TXT remains intact and LIBARY.TXT contains
the results of the single SOS change.
If you specify a file that does
not exist, SOS will create that file as you have specified.
If you do
not want to create the file,
press ESCape, and then give the EQ
command.

1-10

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
1.6

EDITING A FILE IN ANOTHER DIRECTORY

To edit a file that is in another
SOS command, thus creating the
SOS command format is similiar to
specification.
(See Section 1.5,

directory, access that file with the
edited file in your directory. This
that used to rename the output file
Editing A File.)

CJD
C\ (l.\..
c, • M..'I' NE:'. . .'T.
' '/\ 'T' :::: vI ('). .II. r,\
D (:)
-.1' r"i 'J f'""RET\
.. i' 'T' .x
\ 'T' C'
•. ') '7' • ')
'-\:>~.
~

.. ~

4...

EDIT: YDURS.TXT[27y235J
*~::NAME ~

DSKC:MINEtTXTl27,5107J
*E~
[ [I S KC t MIN E + TXT [: 27 , ~) 1 07 J ]

In this example, you automatically create the file MINE.TXT in your
directory from the file YOURS.TXT in the directory whose directory
path is [27,235]. You can specify SOS options with this format and
you can give any SOS commands to change the contents of the file
MINE.TXT.
NOTE
An alternative' procedure for editing a
file located in another directory is to
use the TOPS-IO monitor command COPY.
This command places an image of the file
in your directory path.
After editing
it there, you may copy it back into the
original directory.
If you have read/write privileges for another path
(directory), you
can create or edit a file in place with SOS when you specify a full
file specification.

1.7

RECALLING ARGUMENTS TO THE SOS COMMAND

When you type arguments (options and file specifications)
to an SOS
command and that command successfully starts SOS, the TOPS-IO monitor
remembers those arguments.
If you give a subsequent SOS command but
do not give any arg~ments, the monitor supplies the arguments from
your last SOS command. Thus you can create a file,
run another
program, and return to edit the file without retyping the arguments.
In the following example, you create a file and then edit it.
The
second SOS command uses the arguments you typed in the first SOS
command.

1-11

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
G)

.SOS/C128/SEPARATORS/DECIDE/START:10'SAMPLE.TXT~

INPUT: SAMPLE.TXT
00010
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE ONE.~
00110
4$

[DSKC:SAMPLE.TXTJ
• 50S Q:0)

EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*::::CASE~

MODEL 37 SEPARATORS UPPER

=~DECI[lE G!2)

AUTO DECIDE
*=:STAf<T ~
10
:+:

If you specify a file specification that is different from the
previous SOS command, SOS tries to create the file you specified. At
the same time, SOS uses the options from the previous SOS command.
For example,

.SOS/C1.28/DECIDE/START:l0/INCREMENT:l() SAMPLE.TXT~
INPUT: SAMPLE.TXT
00010
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE ONE.~
00020
$

*£~

[DSKC:SAMPLE.TXTJ

GO
t SOS' TEXT()l. TXT G!.D
INPUT: TEXT01.TXT
00010
$

::::NAME G!2)
DSKC:TEXT01.TXl
*::::CASE~

MODEl. 37 UPPER
*'==DECIDE QID
AUTO DECIDE
*:=INC~

*
A SWITCH.INI option file in your logged-in PPN
(project-programmer
number)
allows you to automatically set the options you want for each
SOS session.
(Refer to Chapter 4, Using SOS Options,
for more
detailed information about the SWITCH.INI option file and how to use
it. )

1-12

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM
1.8

THE R SOS "COMMAND

The R SOS command starts an SOS session so that you can create and/or
edit a file.
The R command is equivalent to RUN SYS:SOS.EXE at
TOPS-IO monitor command level. You can use various formats of this
command with SOS. For example,
G)

.. ~

R-'e,os'
;:)
~
FILE: ABCD. TXT IC 128/SEPAf<ATOF<~:)/STAr\T: 10 GIO
INPUT: ABCD.TXT

00010

or
G)

F\", ; :C') 0 S r-;;;-;-"\
~

FILE:
INPUT:

/C128/SEF'AF<AT()F~~:;/STAr-<T: 10' ABeD. TXTGID
ABCD.TXT

00010

CD
.R'SOS-ABCDtTXT/C128/START:l0
INPUT: ABCD.TXT
OO()10

+ RSS (] S ""- I C :J. 28/ S T A F(f : 1 0 ABC D • TXT
INPUT: ABeD. TXT

00010

As these examples show, you can specify the file specification either
before or after the options when using the R SOS command.
If your
file specifications are for an existing file in your directory,
the
keyword INPUT:
is substituted for the keyword EDIT:.
As with the SOS command discussed in Section 1.5, you can use the
equal sign (=) character to specify a new file specification when you
give the R SOS command to create a new file in your directory.
This
form of the R SOS command renames your edited file.
For example,

GQ
.R SOS~
FILE: SAMPLE. TXT::::LETTER. TXT ~
EDIT: LETTER.TXT
*=NAME ~
SAMF'LE.TXT

1-13

INTRODUCTION TO THE SOS PROGRAM

1-14

CHAPTER 2
GIVING COMMANDS

To set your terminal's physical characteristics, use the TOPS-IO
command: SET TTY with arguments WIDTH, SPEED, PAGE, and so forth.
There are four command formats you can use to enter SOS.
there are two command levels.

2.1

Within

SOS,

COMMAND FORMATS

The formats you can use to enter SOS are:
1.

.SOS
~
FILE: output.ext=input.ext/switches
.SOS
G!D
FILE: /switches output.ext=input.ext

~
~

.SOS/switches output.ext=input.ext

G!D

.SOS output.ext=input.ext/switches

G!D

SOS requires that input. ext represents a new file or an existing file.
The /switches can be one or more settable options.
If SOS encounters
an illegal option (switch), it ignores the all specified options and
the file specification and prompts you with the word FILE:. You must
then respecify your options and file specification.
The input.ext
and
output.ext
are
the
basic
TOPS-IO
file
specifications.
When you do not specify an output file specification
in the SOS command, the input.ext is used. The input.ext may become a
backup file
(.Qxt or .Zxt), depending on the options (switches) set.
If no backup file is to be created, output.ext may be used in a later
SOS session as the input. ext. Otherwise, input.ext contains all of
the changes made during an SOS session.
Full file specifications may appear in the following format:
dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl,sfd2,sfd3,sfd4,sfd5]<nnn)

2-1

GIVING COMMANDS
Where:
dev:

is a device (e.g., SYS:, DSKC:).

filnam

is a filename with
characters.

.ext

is a file extension
with
alphanumeric characters.

less

alphanumeric
3

less

[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ] is a directory path.
The p,pn must be a
project, programmer number. You may specify
up to 5 sub-file-directories (sfd) within the
directory path. The square brackets must be
included if the directory path is specified.
<nnn>

is a file protection code.
brackets
must
be included
protection code is specified.

The
angle
the file

Defaults:
dev:

for all but /RUN:
option, the default is
DSK:.
For the /RUN: option, the default is
SYS:.

filnam

has no default.
supplied.

• ext

has no default as this argument is optional •
For the /RUN: option, .EXE is the default.
(Refer to Appendix D for a complete list of
TOPS-IO standard file extensions.)

This

argument

must

[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ] is your default path.
<nnn>

2.2

is a TOPS-IO system default protection
usually <055>.

code,

COMMAND LEVELS

There are two command levels in SOS:
1.

SOS command level

SOS input level

An asterisk prompt character indicates that you are at SOS command
level.
A line number indicates that you are in SOS input level. To
move between these two levels, press ESCape or give the Insert
command.

2-2

GIVING COMMANDS
2.2.1

50S Input Line Format

The format for 50S input level is:
line number <TAB> line contents
The line number consists of five ASCII numeric characters and may be
any number up to 99999 that you specify with the Insert command and/or
the MAXLN option.
The <TAB> is a single ASCII character that appears as three spaces on
your terminal following the'line number. The spaces do not count as
line positions, and some terminals do not show the <TAB> spacing.
When you press <TAB> while inputting the contents of your file, the
pointer will move from one to eight spaces to the right.
In this way,
your terminal is like a typewriter with tab positions every eight
positions. This <TAB> spacing will count as the number of positions
the pointer is moved to the right.
If you are creating or editing a file that is to be used as input to a
program or utility, the line numbers and <TAB> may be counted as line
positions.
In some instances, you may reference the line numbers with
the program or utility. Refer to the program or utility manual for
information on the validity of referencing line numbers as positions.
The line contents may be any character~ you enter and a line
contain up to 497 characters per line including spaces and tabs.

may

If you press ESCape at the end of the line, you end SOS input level
and enter SOS command level.
If you press RETURN at the end of the
line, you remain at SOS input level and SOS automatically types a new
line number.
NOTE
If you press either ESCape or RETURN at
the end of the line, 50S automatically
inserts a carriage return-line feed as
its line terminator.

2-3

GIVING COMMANDS
2.2.2

50S Command Level Format

The format for SOS command level is:

* (command)

and any or none of the following:
(line)
(page)
(position)
(range)
(content)
(number)
(option).

Where:
command

may be any of the SOS commands described
in
Chapter
5, including the special characters
used to move or locate the pointer.

line

may be any existing or nonexisting line
number,
line content, special characters, or
arithmetic characters and a number.

page

may be any
page
number,
existing
nonexisting,
special
characters,
arithmetic characters and a number.

position

may be any line or page number, or any of the
following special characters:

or
or

for current line or current page
for first line or first page
for last line or last page

range

may be a position or line/page number with
either an exclamation mark (!) or colon (:)
and another position or line/page number.

content

may be any string of existing characters
in
your
file and/or nonexisting characters in
your
file
separated by the
ESCape
key
character,
and an optional range specifying
line/page numbers and special options.

number

may be any positive integer less than 2 35.

option

may be anyone of the following options:

enter Alter mode (Find command)

decide on each substitution
command)

match
uppercase/lowercase
characters
exactly (Find and Substitute commands)

do not print contents of line (Find
Substitute commands)

do not print line numbers
(List and
Print
commands)
and
do not print
contents of line (eXtend command)

2-4

(Substitute

and

GIVI.NG COMMANDS
2.3

CORRECTING TYPING ERRORS

To correct typing mistakes while creating or editing a
use any of four commands listed below:
1.

DELETE (or RUBOUT)

BACKSPACE key

CTRL/R

CTRL/U

file

SOS,

key

These four commands operate in SOS just as
command level.

they

the

TOPS-IO

NOTE
Depending on your
terminal's physical
characteristics, CTRL/R and CTRL/U may
or may not echo on your terminal.

2.4

STOPPING A COMMAND

within the SOS program are two
stop an SOS command.

commands

that

may

To issue a control-character command, press the key labeled
the alphabetic character at the same time.

CTRL

and

CTRL/G

CTRL/C

2.4.1

control-character

Using CTRL/G

To cancel any SOS command before you complete it with a carriage
return,
type ~TRL/G twice.
For example, suppose you begin to type in
a Substitute command and then decide to cancel it before you finish.
You simply type two CTRL/Gs and SOS then prints the asterisk prompt
character, indicating a return to SOS command level •

• son NlJMBEI:~ + FOR QB
Edit:

NUMBER~FOR
*~:):L 02~;:L 03

(CTRUC') (CTRUL)

*
CTRL/G will cancel the command and return you to SOS command level
so
that you can retype the SOS command.
You must use CTRL/G twice before
you press RETURN.
You need not press RETURN after
typing CTRL/G
twice.

2-5

GIviNG COMMANDS
2.4.2

Using CTRL/C

After you type an SOS command and terminate it by pressing the RETURN
key,
you may desire to stop the command if, for example, it were
printing more than you need. When you type a CTRL/C, SOS stops the
command execution and prints:
YES?

(TYPE H FOR HELP) :

When you give the Find, Print, and substitute commands, however, you
must type two CTRL/Cs. The command will stop exactly where you typed
the CTRL/Cs.
When SOS prints YES?
(TYPE H FOR HELP):
one of the following six letters:
Symbol

and stops, you must type

Meaning

continues the command at the place where you typed the
CTRL/C.
You must press RETURN to get the asterisk prompt
character to return to the terminal screen.

Ends the command, ends the SOS session, and saves the file
just as if you gave an End command. Only the substitutions
that were printed on your terminal are included in the file.
You must press RETURN after typing an E to make this command
work properly.

Quits the SOS session without saving the changes you made
since you started editing the file or since the last World
command. Typing Q gives the same results as giving an EQ
command at SOS command level.

Moves you to TOPS-lO monitor command level.
You may give
any TOPS-lO command.
If you give one that does not change
the contents of memory, you may continue the SOS session
without having affected the file in any way.
You simply
give the TOPS-lO command CONTINUE and press RETURN twice.
If you do give a TOPS-lO command that alters the contents of
memory, you will lose your previous edits back to the last
backup of your file.

Returns you to the SOS command level after terminating the
current command.
Any substitutions that were printed on
your terminal are included in the file.
You must press
RETURN after typing the R to get the asterisk prompt
character to appear on your terminal.

Prints a list of the responses you
question.

2-6

can

give

the

YES?

GIVING COMMANDS
The following example shows how
unsuccessful Substitute command.
R to return to SOS command level.

to use two CTRL/Cs to halt an
The example shows typing H and then

GQ
• SOS NUMBER. FOR GIQ
E,ji t: NUMBER. FOR
STYPEt F'RINTl ~

~~
PRINT 101

00200
(nRL/c) (CTRL/l)

(T~pe H for help):
H
one of:
C - to CONTinue automaticall~
E - to end edit and close file
Q - to Guit <delete temporar~ files)
M - return to MONITOR now
R - to do REEnter (terminate losins search etc.)
Yes? (T~pe H for help): R
~

Yes?

T~pe

*
2.5

GIVING COMMANDS IN AN INDIRECT COMMAND FILE

An indirect
you may use
command and
containing
commands in
additional
file. )

2.5.1

command file is a file of SOS commands and options that
frequently during any SOS session. Using the @ (indirect)
the file specification of the indirect command file
the SOS commands
(and options), SOS will execute those
(Refer to Section 4.3.2 for
the file you are editing.
information on including options in an indirect command

Creating An Indirect Command File

When you create an indirect command file, you may specify the letters
CMD as a file extension, but these three letters are not necessary for
the execution of an indirect command file, because you can use any
three
alphanumeric
characters
or none at all.
The filename
specification may be one to six alphanumeric characters.
You can create an indirect command file for a commonly used SOS Print
command sequence.
This file when executed will print an entire file
from the first line of the first page to the last line of the last
page.

~
+ SOS

P + CMD ~

INPUT: P.CMD
00l()()

p,",/r':

00200

*1* GI0

r: DB~:C : P + CMD]

2-7

GIVING COMMANDS
You can create an indirect command file for SOS options that are
only on specific occasions.
For example,

used

GQ
• 50S· OPT. CMD 0iD

Input:
00100
00200
00300
00400

*E~

IC1.28 ~

IFXPERT~

::"CASE C§)

[[lSKC:OF'T.CMD]

You can create an indirect command file for an SOS Substitute command.
For example,

C, (°1 c; 1 (0' 1 ':) Cl , (;'
I
I nF'ut: S
S THE ' :~: T HAT ' ::" ,0, :
00100
.\.-,:

. . . . . . . . 1 . A•• c:)\.o)~

*, D t
GD

*E G0:)

LDSKC:S]
(Refer to Chapter 6, Typing Special Characters, for reference material
on entering special control characters into a file within SOS.)
When you create any indirect command file, it is not necessary to end
the SOS session by removing the SOS line numbers. When you execute an
indirect command file in an SOS session"SOS does not read the line
numbers.

2.5.2

using An Indirect Command File

To use the indirect command file during an SOS session, you must be at
SOS command level, Edit mode, and type the at-sign (@), followed by
the indirect command file specification.

2-8

GIVING COMMANDS
In the example below, you create a file of three pages, and then
execute the indirect command file, P.CMD, to print the entire file
before ending the SOS session.
G£:)
• SOS' SAMPLE. TXT G0
Input: SAMPLE. TXT
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE OF SAMPLE.TXTG:Q
00200
$

GK)
*1/. GIG
00100
THIS IS PAGE 2 OF SAMPLE. TXT ~
00200
$

*I/.G8
00100
00200

THIS IS PAGE 3 OF SAMPLE. TXT ~

GD
*@F' • CMII GIG

00100

THIS IS LINE ONE OF SAMPLE. TXT

Page 2
00100

THIS IS PAGE 2 OF SAMPLE.TXT

Page 3
00100

THIS IS PAGE 3 OF SAMPLE. TXT

*
The output printed on your
command file is as follows:

terminal

after

executing

indirect

The contents that are produced from the
such as the printout from a Print command

indirect

command,

Any possible error messages caused by an incorrect
and/or an incorrect file that is being edited

command

The results from any =
command file

indirect

(Give)

command

within

When SOS has finished executing the command(s)
from an indirect
command file, SOS prints the following message on your terminal and
returns to SOS command level.
%I nc.:H T'ect

EOF

*
If you had set the EXPERT option, the message
terminal as follows:
%CMEND

2-9

would

appear

your

GIVING COMMANDS

2-10

CHAPTER 3
USING MULTIPAGE FILES

At times you may create or edit a large file. Because the SOS utility
program enters everything in page 1 (text page) by default, you may
wish to break the file into smaller, more manageable portions called
pages. The advantages to you in breaking your file into pages are the
following:
.

3.1

Your file will be more readable.

Your file will be easier to reference.

Your entire file
Section 3.9.3.)

may

not

reach

Wrap

Around.

(Refer

SOS PAGE MARK FORMAT

A page mark is a line number consisting of 5 ASCII spaces (instead of
digits), a carriage return (ftM) , a form feed (ftL) , and three nulls
(blanks). The 3 nulls indicates the end of the line.
Programs that
look for page marks look for the 5 spaces as a line number.
When SOS encounters a page mark, SOS will print the word PAGE on your
terminal.
When you give a Delete, Insert, Kill, or Mark command
specifying a page number, SOS will increment or decrement the
subsequent page marks accordingly.
When you print your file on the line printer, the form feed embedded
in the page mark will cause the line printer to skip to the beginning
.of a new form. The skip to a new form will also occur when you give a
List command during an SOS session to list your file on the line
printer.

3.2

LINE AND PAGE NUMBERS

To specify a particular line and page in your file, type the line
number, a slash (/), and then the page number. A number alone is a
line number; a number preceded by a slash is a page number.
Format:

line number/page number

Example:

500/3 (line 50n on page 3)

3-1

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
To specify a section of your file rather than a particular line, use a
colon (:) to separate the limits of the range.
Format:

line number/page number:line number/page number

Example:

100/1:600/3
(line 100 on page 1 through line 600 on page 3)

Some programs cannot work with SOS if SOS retains its line numbers.
In addition, you cannot use SOS line and page numbers as labels for
source-program statements such as GOTO.
If a program gives yo~ errors
because of line or page numbers, start SOS, use the Kill command to
delete the page marks, and use the ES command to end SOS and remove
the line numbers.
NOTE
Refer to the reference manual for
the
particular
source
program
and/or
utility,
because
some
programs
automatically remove the line numbers
and some do not.

3.3

SPECIAL CHARACTERS FOR LINE AND PAGE NUMBERS

Sections 3.3.1 through 3.3.4 make use of special characters you can
use with many of the SOS commands or, in some cases, by themselves.
These special characters place or move the pointer to a specified
position within your file.
NOTE
The
placement
of
these
special
characters
is
very important.
For
example, any character to the left of
the slash substitutes for a line number,
any character to the right of the slash
substitutes for a page number.

3.3.1

The Period (.)

The period (.) specifies the current line or page number of your file.
ExampLe

Explanation

./3

current line on page 3

200/.

line number 200 on current page

100/.:./2

line number 100 on current
line number on page 2

3-2

page

through

current

USING MULTI PAGE FILES

NOTE
The
• command
position of the
format.

3.3.2

shows
the
current
pointer in line/page

The Asterisk (*)

The asterisk (*) specifies the last line or last page number
file.
Example

3.3.3

your

last

Explanation

*/2

last line on page 2

300/*

line number 300 on the last page

./*

current line on the last page

. / . : * /*

current line on the current page through the
line on the last page

The Up-arrow (A)

The up-arrow
file.
Example

(~)

specifies the first line or first page number of your
Explanation

~/.

first line on the current page

*/"

last line on the first page
first line on the first page

":*

3.3.4

first line
assumed)

through

last

line

(current

page

The Exclamation (1)

The exclamation (1) when specified with a line number/page number
format
indicates the number of lines, including the first line.
The
exclamation can span page boundaries when the range specified includes
the last line of the first page and the first line of the next page.

3-3

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
Example

Explanation

./.13

current line on
subsequent lines

the

current

page

and

10014

line number 100 and the three subsequent lines

/213

first three lines on page 2

*13

last line on the current page, plus the two
of the next page

two

lines

NOTE
The exclamation (1) can be used in any
SOS
command that can take a range
specification. When the exclamation is
used, the range specified must be just a
single
line
number/page
number
specification; it cannot have an ending
line/page number.

3.4

ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS WITH LINE AND PAGE NUMBERS

Arithmetic expressions of addition and subtraction specify the next
line number or page number, or a previous line number or page number.
Arithmetic on line numbers and page numbers can proceed forward or
backward from the current line including line increments and any prior
changes. Arithmetic and special characters affect line numbers only
on the current page. To cross pages, use the exclamation (1).
Example

Explanation

.+2

third line from the current line
page (current page assumed)

/.-1

current page minus one;
page

/3-1

page 2

the

current

is,

the

*/1+2

last line on page 3

100+2/2

line 00300 on page 2 (assuming the
default of 100)

SOS

increment

100+2/.-1

line 00300 on the previous page (assuming the
increment default of 100)

950/.+112

line number 950 on current page,
line on the next page.

that

plus

the

SOS

first

(Refer to the remainder of Chapter 3 for actual examples using special
characters and arithmetic operations.)

3-4

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
3.5

CREATING MULTIPAGE FILES

When you create a new file, SOS enters everything into page 1 by
default.
If your file is large or contains line numbers greater than
99900 (the SOS default of the START and INCREMENT options), you should
create another page to avoid Wrap Around and allow your input to
continue.
You can create another page by using either the Insert or
Mark commands at SOS command level. The Insert command inserts a page
mark after the line where the pointer is currently positioned.
The
Mark command marks any desired line number as the first line of
another' page.
(Refer to Chapter 5, SOS Command Descr iptions,
for
an
in-depth description of these two commands.)
The example shown below and in the remainder of Chapter 3 is a FORTRAN
source program.
When executed, this program allows you to enter two
numbers and the program will return the sum and difference of the two
numbers.
There are mistakes in the text of the program for SOS
example purposes.
~S()S ~

FILl::.: NUMBER. FOR GiD
INPUT:
TYPE lOt ~
00100
lOt
FORMAT (/ TYPE TWO NUMBERS:: /$)~
0020()
ACCEPT 102,AyB G!D
00300
102
FOr~MAT (2F) GD
00400
CALL.. A[lDEM (A, El) GD
00500
CALL DIFFEr, Ub En ~
00600
GTOP QB
00700
END GID
00800
TH I SIS AN EXAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM ~
OO<»O()
c
01()()O

*
This text has been entered into page one of a file.
To create another
page at this point, give the Insert command to put the pointer at the
beginning of a new page and enter Input mode. SOS will automatically
increment the page number by 1. The line numbers will start with the
SOS default of 00100, with increments of 100. You can change these
defaults with the INCREMENT and START options. To leave Input mode,
press ESCape.
~d/ ~ G!D
TH I S SOBF~OUT I NE ADDS THE TWO NLJMBERB C§J
OO:LOO
SUBI:;:OT I NE ADDEMM (A d:n G!D
00200

C :::: A + BG!!)
TYPE 101 yC~

00300
00400
OO::.:i() 0

lOt

F(H~M/~T

1 ():I.

F~ETUI:~N
~::;UBI:~DUTI NE DIFFER (A f B) ~
C :::: tIB!:;Z (i~ .... :B) ~
FOr~:r'itIT (" THE D J FEI:~ENCE I b:

00/00
00000

OO?OO
O:l.()OO

THE SUMM ISS:

7!fF)~

G!D

00600

FND$

3-5

/ F, )GI0

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
The remainder of the source code has now been created and entered on
page 2 of the file. At this point, mark line number 700 as the next
page, page 3.
*:Ml()O GIQ

*
Lines 700 through 1000 are now the contents of page 3. Before ending
the 80S session, print the entire file.
End the SOS program without
creating a QOR extension backup file.
NOTE
Refer to the reference manual for the
particular source-program you are using
because some compilers mayor may not
remove the SOS numbers from the input
file.
If they do not, you must end the
80S session with the E8 command in order
to strip them off.

*F',.,/,...:*/*~

00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600
00700
00800
00900

TYPE 101
101
FORMAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBERS:: '$)
ACCEPT 102,A,B
102
FORMAT (2F)
CALL ADDEMCA,B)
CALL DIFFERCA,B)
STOP
END
C
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE FORTF~AN PROGRAM

PAGE 2
00100
00200
00300
00400

THIS SOBROUTINE ADDS THE TWO NUMBERS
SUBROTINE ADDEMM(A,B)

OO~;OO

101

00600

~::

A + B

TYPE 101,C
FORMAT (' THE SUMM ISS: 7,F)"
RETURN

PAGE 3
00700
00800
00900
01000
*EB~

SUBROUTINE DIFFERCA,B)
C :::: ABSZ (A

lOl

.~.

FORMAT (' THE DIFERENCE
END

[DSKC:NUMBER.FOR[2l,5107JJ

3-6

Iss:

',F)

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
3.6

EDITING MULTIPAGE FILES

If you attempt to execute the FORTRAN program in Section 3.5, the
FORTRAN compiler will return numerous errors: there are mistakes in
the source code as well as a few missing lines.
Below are several examples and explanations used to edit this
multipage source program code.
When completed, this program will
execute properly without any error conditions.
NOTE
If any of the commands are unfamiliar,
please refer to Chapter 5, SOS Command
Descriptions.
Start the SOS program using the same file specification as in the SOS
session in Section 3.5. The default page is page I at the start of
the SOS session. Alter the first three lines as follows:

GID

~sos

EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
*A.!3 Q0

00100

TYPE 101

t
00200

IGD~G:D

101

FORMAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBERS:\\:\\

[I~

28:

00300

'$)

ACCEPT 102,A,B

*
Transfer line number 900, creating line number 50 (page I assumed).

*INCT501 9()O G!:D
*
l'

~::()005()

Print the contents of page I to show its current format.
*F'r.:*~

OOO::jO
00100

00200

lOl

00300
00400

102

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM
TYPE :l01
FOF;:MAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBEF;:S: '$)
ACCEPT l()2,A~B
FOf~MAT (2F)

00500

Ct,LL.. ("DDEM (A l' B)

0060()

Ci~L..1...

0070()
008()O

bTOP

DIFFEf~(i~YB)

END

3-7

USING MULTIPAGE FILES
Alter the first two lines of page 2.
A~'I.+1!2~

00100

THIS SUBROUTINE ADDS THE TWO NUMBERS

cuGIT)

lCG:D~

00200
....

t
t

SO
SUBROUTINE ADDEM\\M\\(A,B)
._.
- ....

t t

t ....

DG!D

'")CM
;:)

ICGDGO

CJQIUGQ
SO

*
Substitute ISS for IS on page 2. Then make the same
all of the remaining pages in the entire file.

~
*SISS$IS$ Cili)

00500

101

FORMAT (' THE SUMM IS: 7,F)

101

FORMAT (' THE DIFERENCE IS:

*S$~

PAGE 3
00900

*
Find the numeric location of the pointer.
*=.~
00900/3

*
Return to the first line of page 2.
*·~'/.-··1 ~

*
Substitute SUMM for SUM and 7 for

in page 2.

*'")SUMM G8
7$SUM~

•

'$ QlD

00500

101

FDF~MAT

THE SUM IS:

3-8

' ,F)

',F)

substitution

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
Copy line number 1000 of page 3, creating it as
page 2.

line

number

700

*C '700, 10001 • +1 @)

*
Move the pointer to the first line of page 3.

*.,., 1 +1 G:.:Q
*
+

Insert two lines at the beginning of page 3.
*1'" GiD

O()lOO
O()200

C
C

TH1~:) SUBROUTINE SUBTF<ACT~:, THE LESSEr:GIQ
NUMBER FROM tHE LARGER NUMBERS

*
Alter line numbers 800 and 900 of page 3.
*:A.+2!2 ~

00800

C = ABS\\Z\\(A - B)

[I~

SZ
00900

101

FORMAT (' THE DIFFERENCE IS:

',F)

rFGDGID

2SF

*
Copy line number 400 of page 2, creating it as line number 850 of page
3.
Copy line number 600 of page 2, creating it as line number 950 of
page 3.
*C850/3, 400/2 ~

INC1::::00050
*C?50/3, 400+2/2 ~

I Ne 1 :":00050

*
Move the pointer to the beginning of page 3 and renumber the
of page 3.

3-9

contents

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
Print the entire contents of the file NUMBER. FOR.
End the SOS session
with no .QOR file extension backup;
i.e., exit using either EB or ES
depending on your compiler.

* F"~/l: */3 0IQ
00100
00200
O()300
00400
00500
00600
00/00
00800
OO?OO

PAGE 2
00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600
00/00
PAGE 3
OOlOO
00200
00300
00400
O()500
00600
00700
OOBOO

101
102

("'

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM
TYPE 101
FORMAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBERS: ' $)
ACCEPT 102,A,B
FOf:MAT (2F)
CALL ADDEM(A,B)
CALL DIFFEF: (A, B)
STOP
END
THIS SUBROUTINE ADDS THE TWO NUMBERS
SUBROUTINE ADDEM(A,B)
C

101

::=

+ B

',F)

THIS SUBROUTINE SUBTRACTS THE LESSER
NUMBER FROM THE LARGER NUMBER
SUBROUTINE DIFFER(A,B)
C ::::

101

TYPE 101,C
FORMAT (/ THE SUM IS:
RETURN
END

(~ B S «(~

.. - B)

TYPE :L01,C
FORMAT (' THE DIFFERENCE IS:
F;:ETURN
END

',r)

*EB
[: D S t< C : N UMB E H • FO r;: I:: 2/ , ~.:j 1 0 / :1 J

3.7

DELETING LINES IN MULTIPAGE FILES

You can give the Delete command to delete any line from your file.
If
you do not specify a page number in the Delete command, action will
take place on the page you are currently editing.
To delete a line on
a page other than your current page, you must specify the page number
in the Delete command.
Delete line number 200 on page 1.
Page 1 is the current page
start of the SOS session by default .
• SOS NUMBEr::. FOR G.ID
EDIT: NUMBEI~:.FOR
*D200~

1 LINES (00200/1) DELETED

3-10

the

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
Delete line number 200 on page 2.
*D20()/2 G:D

1 LINES (00200/2) DELETED

*
If you want to delete the entire contents of a page, SOS will reply to
the Delete command with a decision message, giving you the option of
cancelling the deletion.
You must reply with either Y for YES or N
for NO.
Any other character will have no effect on the message and
SOS will repeat the same message.
This message does not depend on the setting of any SOS options, except
the EXPERT option. With the /EXPERT option set, the message MASSIVE
DELETE OK? will not appear and the deletion will occur. This message
may also be suppressed with the Y option of the Delete command.
(Refer to Chapter 4, EXPERT option, and Chapter 5, Delete command, for
an in-depth description of these SOS features.)
*D'"'/3: */3 G0

MASSIVE DELETE OK? <Y OR N): A
N): NO

? YOU MUST TYPE EITHER (Y OR

*
or
*[1/3 GIQ

MASSIVE DELETE OK? (Y OR N): NO

*
When you type Y for YES or N for NO, you do not need to press
SOS replies with ES of YES or a of NO.

RETURN.

The Delete command does not delete the page mark within your file.

*/EXPERT G:D

*[1/] G:D
*F'/3 @)

PAGE :3

*
The contents of the page have been deleted, but the page mark remains.

3-11

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
When you delete a range of lines that extend from one page into
another page and the deletion includes all lines of the second page,
that deletion will remove the page mark of the second page and will
decrement by 1 all subsequent page numbers.
Page one always remains a
numbered page (but without a page mark).

* D<jOO/l: '700/2 ~

MASS I VE DEl.ETE OK? (Y OR N): 'rES
8 LINES (00900/1:00700/2) DELETED
*P"'/l:*I*~

00100
00200
00300
0()400
00500
00600
00"100
00800
PAGE 2
00100
00200
0()300
00400
00500
00600
00700
OOBOO

C
101
1()2

C
C

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM
TYPE 101.
FORMAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBERS: '$)
ACCEPT 1.02,A,B
FOHMAT (2F)
CALL ADDEM(A,B)
CAI... L DIFFER (A, B)
STOP
THIS SUBROUTINE SUBTRACTS THE LESSER
NUMBER FROM THE LARGER NUMBER
SUBROUTINE DIFFER(A,B)
C :::: A B S (A .- B)

101

TYPE lOl,C
FORMAT (' THE DIFFERENCE IS: I,F)
r\ETUr~:N

END

*
Page marks exist between pages.
In a two-page file, there is only one
page mark,
the one for
page 2.
There is no page mark for page 1.
Therefore, a one-page file contains no page mark.
There are programs that read page marks
(FORTRAN,
PASCAL,
and so
forth),
and it is important to these programs exactly where such page
marks are located.
(Refer to the reference manual
for
the program
language being used to learn how it handles page marks within a file.)
Of course, if you make any deletions by mistake,
file by ending the SOS session with an EQ.

3-12

you

can

save

your

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
3.8

KILLING PAGE MARKS IN MULTIPAGE FILES

You can use the Kill command to delete any specified page mark from a
file.
If you specify page 1 with the Kill command, the error message
%NO SUCH PAGE will appear because there is no page mark for page 1.
When you use the Kill command on a particular page mark,
the line
contents are appended to the previous page.
If you kill all page
marks within a file, then the contents of those pages become the
contents of page 1.
If each page contains its own line-number sequence in ascending order
(i.e.,
the first line number is less than the last line number from
the previous page), the following warning message will appear.
At
this point you must use the Number command to resequence.
,. ~JUS NUMBEr~;. FOF~ QIQ
EDIT: NUMBEF<.FOR

* 1</2 QIQ

i:'OUT OF OI:<DER

*N GIQ

*
If you kill a page mark of an existing page within a file but not
last page, each remaining page number will decrement by 1.

3-13

the

USING MULTIPAGE FILES
*K/2 GD

%OUT OF ORDER
*N~
*P'"'/l :*1* ~

00100
00200
00300
0()40()
00500
006()O
00700
00800
00900
01000
01100
01200
01300
01400
01500
Oi600

PAGE
00100
00200
003()O
00400

101
102

OOBOO

FOF~MAT

(2F)

CALL.. ADDEM(A,B)
CAI... I...

DIFFE':~(A,B)

GTOP
END
TH I S SUBF<OUT I Nt: ADDS THE TWO
SUBROUTINE ADDEMM(A,B)
C :::: A

101

NUMBERS

+ B

TYPE 101,(;
FORMAT (' THE SUM IS: I,F)
f~ETUF,N

END

.'-

C'
C

THIS SUBROUTINE SUBTRACTS THE LESSER
NUMBER FROM THE LARGER NUMBER
SUBROUTINE DIFFER(A~B)
C :::: AIe ~3 (A _.. Ie)

OO~jOO

00600
O()700

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE FORTRAN PROGRAM
TYPE 101
FORMAT (' TYPE TWO NUMBERS: '$)
ACCEPT 102,A,B

101

TYPE 101,C
FORMAT (' THE DIFFERENCE IS: I,F)
F;:ETURN
END

*
Page 3 of our FORTRAN source program is now page 2.
(Refer to Chapter
5, SOS Command
description of the K command.)

3.9

Descriptions,

for

in-depth

RENUMBERING LINES IN MULTIPAGE FILES

When you create or edit a file, the SOS program has a line-number
default sequence of 00100 through 99900 with increments of 100.
If
you create a file with more than 1,000 lines of text,
it is
recommended that when you reach line 99900 you should renumber your
file or create a new page starting with line 00100.
You will find it easier to type line numbers in increments of 1,
for
example line numbers 00001, 00002, 00003, and so forth, because you
will not have to type the trailing zeros. When you use line numbers
in mUltiples of 10 or 100, you can insert lines between existing lines
within your file.
The N command renumbers the lines in your file.

3-14

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
3.9.1

Renumbering Your File

When you use the SOS Number command to renumber your file, type Nand
press RETURN.
SOS will then renumber your file (regardless of page
marks) starting with 100 and adding 100 to each sequential line
number.
After
renumbering, SOS positions your pointer at the end of
your file.
For example, suppose file NUMBER. FOR is numbered from 10 in increments
of 10 •
• 50S NUMBER. FOR ~
EDIT:
NUMBER.FOR.1

*P'"':* GiD

00010
00020
00030
00040
00050
00060
00070
00080
00090
00100

101
102
103

TYPE 101
FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
ACCEPT 102,X
FOF,MAT (F)
TYPE 1()3,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER I,F)
Y :::: 2

104

*N~
F' G!D

TYPE 1()4,X,Y
FORMAT (' TWICE ',F' IS I,F)
END
END

O:LOOO

*
Renumber the file by giving the N command.
SOS positions your pointer
at the end of your file.
Now print the entire file again.

*p'"':* ~

00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600
00700
00800
00900
()1000

10l
1()2
103

TYPE 101
FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
ACCEPT 102~X
FORMAT (F)
TYPE 103,X
FOF<MAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
Y :::: 2

1()4

TYPE l04,X,Y
FORMAT (' TWICE ',F,' IS I,F)
END

*
The contents of each line
change.

not

change.

3-15

Only

the

line

numbers

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
3.9.2

Renumbering Using A Number Other Than 100

When you want to use some number other than 100 to renumber,
type N
followed by the number you want to use.
Your file will begin with
that number and will also increment by that number. You can use any
number or combination of numbers within the range of 1 to 99999.
In
the following example, the file has been renumbered with increments of
15.
*N1.5~

*F'r':*~

00015
00030

101

0004~)

00060

102

()007~:.;

00090
001 O~.:;
00120

103

OOL;~)

104

TYPE 101
FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
ACCEPT 102,X
FOf~MAT
(F)
TYPE 10~·5,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
Y :::: 2

00150

TYPE 104yX,Y
FOHMAT (' TWICE ',F,' IS I,F)
END

*
3.9.3

Wrap Around

When you create or edit a file and you exceed the number of lines
allowed on one page (default is 99900 with 100 as the increment or
99999 with 1 as the increment), SOS will not allow you to enter any
more lines until you either renumber your file or create a new page to
resolve a possible Wrap Around.
When you renumber a file with too large a number, you will quickly
reach Wrap Around and the following message will appear on your
terminal:
%WRAP AROUND

followed by the page number that contains the Wrap Around. To remedy
this situation,
type the following commands to Mark the current line
as the beginning of a new page and then to renumber that page.
*M.~

*N :L 0 0 ~ /2 (!Ii)

*
The example below is a IS-line file that has been renumbered
increment of 10000 .
• SOS

S(')MPLE. TXT (!Ii)

EDIT: ~~;,;f'1PI... E. TXT
*N t O()OO (!Ii)
%~JF:AF'

AROUND

PAGE

:L
*::;:<.~

::.:.;0000/1
>:·::P~

50000

LINE 15, PAGE 1

3-16

with

USING MULTI PAGE FILES
At this time, use the Print command to see which lines contain Wrap
Around;
i.e., which lines are duplicates of or are less than numbers
that precede them.
For example, suppose the entire file appears as:
*P/1 :12 ~

PAGE

LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
L.INE

10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
00000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000

LH~E

LINE
L.INE
L.INE
LINE
L.INE
L.INE

1, PAGE 1
2, PAGE 1
~5 ,
PAGE 1
4, PAGE 1
5, PAGE 1
6, PAGE 1
7, PAGE 1
8, PAGE 1
9, PAGE 1
10, PAGE 1
11 , PAGE 1
12, PAGE 1
13, PAGE 1
14, PAGE 1
:L 5, PAGE 1

*
The Wrap
command:

Around

duplicate-lines

*F""':* ~

00000
10000
20000
3()OOO

40000
50000

L.INE 10,
LINE 11,
L.INE 12,
LINE 13,
LINE 14,
LINE 1~; ,

PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE

showed

when

you

used

the

1
1

1
1
1
1

*
The lines themselves are in the proper order, but the line numbers are
not in increasing order.
Before you do anything else, fix the line
numbers.
To do this, give the N command with a smaller number
than
you had previously given.
ltNl000 ~
*F"":*~
010()O
LINE
02000
LINE
03000
LINE
0400()
L.INE

o::'iOOO

06000
07000
08000
09000
100()()
11000
120()()
13000
14000
:I. ~.:;O()O

1 , PAGE :L
.:..
r)

, PAGE 1

PAGE

4, PAGE 1

.::.
LINE d'
LINE 6"
LINE 7"
L.INE By
LINE 9,
LINE 10"
LINE 11"
LINE :1.2,
LINE 1:3,
LINE 14,
LINE 1 ~:;,

PAGE 1
PAGE :I.
PAGE 1

PACi!::: :L
PAGE :L
PAGE 1
PAGE 1
PAGE :I.
f'f)GE 1
PAGE 1
F'I~GE

3-17

USING MULTI PAGE FILES

3-18

CHAPTER 4
USING SOS OPTIONS

Just as the Input, Edit, and Alter modes (see Chapter 1)
modify the
SOS program, options also modify SOS. They perform various functions.
Some options supply a value;
the PLINES option, for example, alters
the number of lines normally printed by a Print command. Other
options are either on or off, for example the DECIDE option which
causes the Substitute commands to enter the decide mode. Still other
options such as the Period (.) option provide information.

4.1

OPTION FORMAT

Each option has a name and some have values preceded by a colon (:) or
an
equal
sign
(=) •
The colon or equal sign can be used
interchangeably. Thus, the format of a valued option is:
option:value

option=value

while the format of an "on-off" option is:
option
When printing or setting an option, all you have to do is type
characters to uniquely identify the option name.
Thus,
sufficient for INCREMENT, and LaC is sufficient for LOCATION.

4.2

enough
INC is

THE SWITCH.INI OPTION FILE

You can create a file in your logged-in directory containing any of
the settable options of the SOS program. This file must be called
SWITCH.INI. The SWITCH.INI option file may contain as many SOS option
lines as you wish.
When you type the TOPS-IO SOS command on your
terminal, SOS extracts the options specified in the SWITCH.INI file as
part of that SOS session.
If there is no SWITCH.INI option file in
your directory or if the file contains no options for SOS, SOS uses
its own default options.
If you misspell an option in the SWITCH.INI file, SOS will reply with
an error message when you start the SOS program. For example, if your
SWITCH.INI file contained the following line:
• TYPE SWITCH.INIG!!)
00100
SOS/SEPERATORS

4-1

USING SOS OPTIONS
this error condition would cause your SOS program session to start
follows:

• SOS NUMlCEF~. FOR G!D
? Syntax error in default options
FILE:::

Section 4.4 and Appendix B contain a detailed description of
available SOS options and their defaults.

4.2.1

all

the

SWITCH.INI Option File Line Formats

The two possible line formats of the SWITCH.INI option file are:
1.

SOS/optionl/option2/option3 ••• [/RUN:dev:program-name]

SOS:name/optionl/option2/ ••••• [/RUN:dev:program-name]

You may use either or both formats in the same file, but SOS must be
the word SOS.
If you try to use any word other than SOS, SOS ignores
the contents of the SWITCH.INI file and uses its default options.
In the second format, name can be up to six alphanumeric characters
and is used as a pointer with the Set /OPTION command (/OPTION:name).
This type of line is used to override both the system defaults and
your specified parameters that were given in a previous format. Thus,
if you have a line format in your SWITCH.INI option file with a
pointer name, your defaults for that line can only be set with the Set
/OPTION command. If the pointer name used in the Set /OPTION command
does not appear in the SWITCH.INI file, the SOS program outputs an
error message and uses its defaults or previously set parameters.
*IOPTION:ALLG!D
? Option not found

*
If an option is misspelled within a line that has a pointer name,
replies with an error message and the Edit mode prompt character.

SOS

*/OPTION:ALL ~

1 Syntax error in option file

*
In both formats, the option(s) may be any of the settable SOS options
described in Section 4.4 and Appendix B. Also, in both formats there
are the optional switches specified by the word RUN. When using this
RUN option, you can end an SOS session with the Go command, and
immediately enter the program specified by the program-name. The dev
is the device on which the program-name resides. The SOS default for
this is SYS.

4.2.2

Including An Option In Your SWITCH.INI File

If you want a particular option to be always in effect, include it in
your SWITCH.INI file. Whenever you start the SOS program, all of the
options you include in the SWITCH.INI file are automatically set. You
must use the line format shown in the example below:

4-2

USING SOS OPTIONS
• SOS SWITCH. INI G!D
INPUT: SWITCH.INI
00100
SOS/OLD/NOBAK/EXPERT /C128 ~
00200
$

GQ
*E~
[DSKC:SWITCH.INI[27,5107JJ

If the options you desire take up more than one line in the SWITCH.INI
option file,
add a hyphen to the end of each line that will be
continued •
• SOS SWITCH. INI G!D
EDIT: SWITCH.INI
*R100~
00100
SOS/DECI DE/NOBAK/OLD/START: 10/STEP: 10- GID
00200
/ INCREMENT: 1 O/EXF'ERT ~
00300

GC)
*E~
[DSKC:SWITCH.INIC27,5l07JJ

Since the /EXPERT option was placed in the SWITCH.INIfile when it was
created above, the /EXPERT option remains in effect even when you edit
the SWITCH.INI file.
Thus, if you place an option, such as READONLY,
in your SWITCH.INI, file you may have to delete your SWITCH.INI file
and re-create it. To delete a file in your directory, use the TOPS-lO
DELETE command.
When you use "program-name" within your SWITCH.INI file,
un sequence
your SWITCH.INI file, because some programs do not recognize 50S line
numbers. To unsequence the SWITCH.INI file, give the ES command when
you save it.

4.2.3

Multiple Lines/Formats Within Your SWITCH.INI File

The SWITCH.INI file may contain many 50S/option lines within it for a
variety of purposes.
If your SWITCH.INI file contains more than one
50S/option line having the SOS/optionl/ •••
format, the first line of
the SWITCH.INI file will be the options that prevail for the 50S
session.
For example, if your SWITCH.INI file contained the following
contents:
• TYPE SWITCH. INI ~
00100
SOS/EXPERT/NODEC!DE/NOBAK
00200
SOS/NOVICE/DEC!DE/BAK

then the options as specified on line number
options used when you start an 50S session.

00100

would

Therefore, it is recommended that you
SOS/optionl/ ••••
format.

one

line

4-3

use

just

the

with

the

USING SOS OPTIONS
The second format, SOS:name/optionl/ •••• , may be in multiple forms
with each "name" being different. The options can only be set with
the /OPTION:name command at SOS command level.
For example,
if your
SWITCH.INI file contained the following line:
• TYPE SWITCH. INI 0:!D
00100
SOS:ALL/EXPERT/NODECIDE/NOBAK/ISAVE:25/SAVE:25

then you must give che Set option command to set the options specified
by ALL.
*IOPTION:ALL0:!D

*
The following is an example of the creation of a SWITCH.INI file that
allows you to enter succeeding SOS sessions using your own option
parameters, return to the SOS default options, and return to your own
option parameters without leaving the SOS program.
t SOS
SWITCH. INI G!D
INPUT: SWITCH.INI
00100
SOS/EXPERT/C128/START: 10/INCF~EMENT: 10-(!!D
00200
/SEPARATORS/NOBAK/M:·53 (!!D
00300
SOS: fiEF IBAI,/C64/NOVJCE/NONSEPARATORB-· ~
00400
ISTAF~T: :I. 00/1 NCf~EMENT: 100/M37~
00:=.=;00
~)OS: Mf)DE/EXPEF~T le:l. 2B/STAf~T: 1 O····~
00600
ISEPAF~ATORB/INCF:EMENT: 10INOBAK/M33G:)

OO?O()
*E~

[DSKC:SWITCH.INI[27,5107JJ

• !:;Qn

NUMBEI:~. FOf~ (!!D

ED IT: NUMBEF;:. FOF~
*::::CASE G!D

Ger-ar'at.oJ's

UF"'f:'~'T'

*/OF'TION: [lEF G.!D
*::::CASE @)
Displa~

Model 37 C64 Upper

*/OPlION:MODE G!D
*::::CASE (!!D
GCF'i::: rat.o J'S

(JPI·:'(o? T'

*
4.3

SETTING OPTIONS

In summary, you may set an SOS option by:
1.

Including it in your SWITCH.INI file (See Section 4.2.2.)

Giving it with an SOS command (See Section 4.3.1.)

Including it in an indirect command file (See Section 4.3.2.)

Giving it from Edit mode (See Section 4.3.3.)

4-4

USING SOS OPTIONS
To set any settable option in SOS, you must use the slash
(I)
character to precede the option specified. The slash (I) character is
the Set command and can be used in the SWITCH.INI file, with the SOS
command, in an indirect command file, or at Edit mode.

4.3.1

Giving An Option With The SOS Command

To set an option while starting the SOS program, simply include it
after
the
command name and either before or after the file
specification.

.SOS'SAMPLE.TXT/START:lO/INC:lO/EXF'ERT~

INPUT: SAMPLE.TXT
00010

CB
.SOS/START:l0/INC:l0/EXPERT
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT

SAMF'LE.TXT~

*
The two examples above show the
INCREMENT, and EXPERT options.

SOS

command

setting

the

START,

When you give option(s} with the SOS command, the' SOS program will
first extract any options supplied in the SWITCH.INI file and then use
the options supplied with the SOS command.
That is,
if an option
given in the command overrides an option from the SWITCH.INI file,
then that is the option used for the SOS session. This would happen,
for example, if the line in the SWITCH.INI file contained:
.TYPE

00100

SWITCH.INI@)
SOS/EXPERT/C128/NOBAK

and the SOS command contained:
• ::)~lS/C64/DECIDE SAMPLE. TXT @)

EDIT: SAMF'LE.TXT

*
C64 would override C128, and DECIDE would add DECIDE mode
mode. NOBAK would remain in effect for the SOS session.
NOTE
Adding DECIDE mode to
EXPERT
mode
enables you to make decisions with the
Substitute
command
while
the
characteristics of EXPERT mode remain.

4-5

EXPERT

USING SOS OPTIONS
4.3.2

Including An Option In An Indirect Command File

You may use an indirect command file,
for example, to set an SOS
option, perform SOS command(s), and then either preserve or reset that
option or any options in the SWITCH.INI file.
Below is an example of
an indirect command file that sets the C128 option, substitutes the
dollar sign character
($)
for an Altmode character
(ESCape key
character), substitutes an up-arrow (~) C for the CTRL/C character,
and resets the options specified by the pointer name DEF in the
SWITCH.INI file •
•,SOS/C128/EXPERT s. CMD ~
INPUT: S.CMD
00100
/C128~
00200
5$ ~
00300
"'C/;~;' I~,: ~
00400
' ':1 I :::'"' I"': *1* G!D
00500
/OF'T I ON: liEF ~
00600
$

*E~

[I1SKC:S.CMD]

This S.CMD file, when executed by the Indirect command (@), will place
the ESCape character and the CTRL/C character into a file wherever a $
character and AC character exist.
(Refer to Chapter 6,
"Typing
Special Characters," for an explanation of entering special characters
into a file.)

4.3.3

Setting An Option From Edit Mode

To set an option from Edit mode, use the Set command;
that is, simply
type a slash character
(/) and the option. You may set any option
that Section 4.4 describes as settable. The following example sets
the ISAVE and SAVE options to 10 at Edit mode.

*1 ISAVE: 10 G!D
*/SAVE: 10 G!:Q

*
Using the Set command is another way to
SWITCH.INI file.

4-6

override

option

the

USING SOS OPTIONS
4.3.4

Finding The Status Of An Option

To find the value or status of an option, use the Give command;
that
is,
type an equal sign
(=)
and the name of the option you want.
However, not all options are printable, and if you attempt to print
the value or status of a nonprintable option, the error message
%ILLEGAL COMMAND appears on your terminal.
The following example
finds the value of the START option.

*,sr AR"J Gi.D
00100

*
You may also give the =CASE command for information on some commonly
used SOS options.
(Refer to Section 4.4.6, CASE, for a description of
this option.)

4.4

DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS

The following sections describe all of the valid SOS options.
For
each option,
the section describes its name, whether you can set or
print the option, its default value, how to reverse its setting, the
function of the option, an example of the option in use, and any
applicable restrictions. Each option is shown in its acceptable
abbreviated form.
The brackets ([]) enclose optional characters.
Those options that cannot be set or printed will display the error
message %ILLEGAL COMMAND on your terminal if you attempt to set or
print them.
Not all options that are settable can be set in the SWITCH.INI file or
with the SOS command. For example, the NAME option can only be set at
SOS command level, Edit mode.

4-7

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.1

BAR

Settable:

Yes
IBAK

Printable:

Yes
=BAK

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the NOBAK option

Function:
The BAK option causes the SOS program to rename the original file
being edited.
The file is r~named with a file specification of the
same filename but with a file extension that begins with a Q.
The
contents of the file exist as if no edits were performed. The Qxt
file (where xt is the last two alphanumeric characters of the file
extension) is kept when you issue the End, Go, or World command.
Example of setting BAK:
*/lIAI, G!O
*=BAK~

BACKUP FILE WILL BE CREATED

Example of reversing BAK:
*INOB(')K G!D
*~BAK ~

NO BACKUP FILE WILL BE CREATED

*
Remember that although deleting a backup file will save disk space, it
is safer to retain the file until you have examined your new file.
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-8

USING SOSOPTIONS

BASIC
4.4.2

BASIC

Settable:

Yes
/BAS[IC]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The BASIC option should be specified with the SOS command when you
start an SOS session to edit a file that was created by the BASIC
program. When you set the BASIC option, SOS will accept the line
number labels of BASIC as the line numbers of the SOS session.
If the
BASIC option is not set, SOS will not recognize the labeled line
numbers in the BASIC program. Thus, your BASIC file will contain two
line numbers for each line.
Example:
The following file, SQUARE.BAS, was created in BASIC:
• TYPE SOUARE. BAS G!D
10 LET X::::l.
20 PRINT X,SQR(X)
30 LET X::::X+l
40 IF X<=5 GO TO 20
50 END

without setting the BASIC option with the SOS command, your file would
appear as follows:

• SOS SQUARE. BAS ~
E[lIT: SQUARE.BAS
*F'~
00100
00200
00300
00400
00500

00010
00020
00030
00040
00050

LET X=l
PRINT X,SQR(X)
LET X::::X+l
IF X<=5 GO TO 20
END

*
with the setting of the
follows:

BASIC

option,

.505 SmJARE. BAS/BASIC GID

EDIT: S(~UARE. BAS
*P~
LET X::::l
00010

00020
000;30
00040
00050

PRINT X,SQR(X)
LET

X:~~X+l

IF X<::::5 GO TO 20

END

*
4-9

your

file

would

appear

USING SOS OPTIONS
The setting of the BASIC option will turn off the S option of the End,
Go, or World command and the UNSEQUENCE option~
even if you set the
UNSEQUENCE option, SOS will ignore it when you back up your BASIC
file.
Restrictions:
You cannot set the BASIC option with the use of your SWITCH.INI option
file or at SOS comma~d level.
If you edit a BASIC program file without specifying the BASIC option,
the S option of the End, Go, or World command will execute properly,
but you will receive the error message:
? INTERNAL CONFUSION.
You
will be returned immediately to TOPS-IO command level and your saved
BASIC file will be renamed to nnnSOS.TEM. This temporary file must
then be renamed to your original BASIC file specification.
(Refer to
Chapter 10, How SOS Handles Files And Buffers, for an explanation and
examp1es of temporary files.)
If your BASIC program file becomes unsequenced for
some unknown
reason,
SOS will reply with the following error message when you
attempt to edit your file with the BASIC option set:
+80S SGUARE.BAS/BASIC~
EDIT: SGUARE.BAS
?Bad ·BASIC· file format

To solve this problem, start the SOS session without setting the BASIC
option, so that SOS will assign new line numbers to your file.

CAUTION
using SOS to edit BASIC files can bring
about some unpredictable results due to
the setting of other
SOS
options.
Therefore,
it is recommended that you
use the BASIC program, not the
SOS
program, to edit BASIC program files.

4-10

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.3

BIG

Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=BI[G]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The BIG option prints the largest page number in the file being
edited.
This page number represents the total number of physical
pages in your file during an SOS session.
Example:
*~;BIG C§:)

*
The largest page number within the current file is 8.
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-11

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.4

C64

Settable:

Yes
/C6[4]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the C128 option

Function:
The C64 option makes SOS consider the single quote as a normal
character of text. When SOS has the C64 option set, you may type any
character from your terminal, but you are not permitted to use the
special C128 representation that is available for some characters.
(Refer to Chapters 6 and 7 for a detailed description of special
characters.)
Example:

·808

SAMF'LE.TXT/C128/DPY/M:3'7~

[DIT: SAMPL..E.TXT
*~:;CASE

GfD

Model 3'7 Upper
*/C64 ~
Displa~

*::::CASE G!:D

Display Model 3'7 C64 Upper

*
Restrictions:
The only time you must set the C64 option is to reverse the C128
option previously set;
i.e., when you no longer need to enter certain
special characters into your file.

4-12

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.5

C128

Settable:

Yes
/Cl[28]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the C64 o)tion

Function:
The C128 option gives you a means of entering certain special
characters, namely control characters and ESCape, into your file.
(Refer to Section 6.4 and Section 7.2 for additional information on
special characters and the use of the C128 option.)
To represent a special character, type an apostrophe (single quote
character)
followed by a punctuation mark or numeric character that
represents the special character you want. If you need an apostrophe,
type two apostrophes in succession. For example, to enter a CTRL/C
into your file, set the C128 option, then type in '# (quote, pound
sign} •
Example:
•nos SAMPLE t TXT CE:!.J
EDIT: SAMPLE~TXT
*/C12B ~
*I"'~
00050
/t ~
*/C64~

*F'. @)
OOO~:;O

'·'C

*
Restrictions:
If your terminal is unable to input or print lowercase characters, you
can set both the UPPER option and the C128 option to input lowercase
characters into your file. Each desired lowercase character must be
preceded by a single quote character. When your file is typed on your
terminal, it will appear as all uppercase, but when printed on the
line printer, your file will appear as desired.
Depending on the above restriction and your terminal type (see Chapter
6)
and how you set your terminal's parameters, all desired uppercase
characters can be entered into your file with the LOWER and C128
options set.
All desired uppercase characters must then be preceded
by the single quote character.

4-13

USING SOS OPTIONS

I CASE
4.4.6

CASE

Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=CA[SE]

Default:

C64 Upper

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The CASE option is only printable.
It reports the
you have and the status of the following options:

type

Option

Message Printed When Option Is Set:

C64
C128
DPY
M33
M37
SEPARATORS
NONSEPARATORS
LOWER
UPPER

C64
blank
Display
blank
Model 37
Separators
blank
Lower
Upper

Example:

The options C128, M37, DPY, and LOWER are set:

*::::CASE ~
Displa~

Model 37 Lower

*
The options C64, SEPARATORS, M33, and UPPER are set:
*:::CASE @)

C64

SEP~RATURS

UPPER

*
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-14

terminal

USING SOS OPTIONS

DECIDE
4.4.7

DECIDE

Settable:

Yes
/DEC[IDE]

Printable:

Yes
=DEC[IDE]

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the NODECIDE option

Function:
The DECIDE option permits you to decide whether each substitution
should be made when using the Substitute command. The DECIDE option
has a built-in list of DECIDE commands that allow you to make a choice
of substitutions.
The DECIDE option is the same as if you had
specified the D option of the Substitute command.
When you edit a file using the Substitute command with the DECIDE
option set, SOS prints the line contents as if the substitution was
made and then waits for one of five possible responses from you:
Character

Meaning - Result

SPACE bar

To accept this sUbstitution.

DELETE key

To reject this substitution.

To enter Alter mode immediately for that line only.

To return immediately to SOS command mod~
making this or any further substitutions.

To make this
automatically.

To quit now. The only substitutions that
by
are
those
that
were
confirmed
substitutions.

and

all

subsequent

with these responses of the DECIDE option,
substitutions made during an SOS session.

4-15

you

can

without

substitutions
are made
previous

control

all

USING SOS OPTIONS
Example:
• SOS/DECIDE NUMBER. FOR ~
EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
*STIPE1TYPEr": * ~
@:) ~

00010
G
()0020
00050
00060
00080

TYPE 101
101
103

FORMAt (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
TYPE 103,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
TYPE 104,X,Y

*=DECIDE G!Q
AUTO DECIDE

*
Restrictions:
If you do not set this option it remains off.
If you press any other character than one of the five allowable ones,
SOS prints a question mark (?), sounds the bell on your terminal, and
waits for another response.
The A response of the DECIDE option causes you to enter Alter mode
immediately. The A response of the D option of the substitute command
causes you to make the substitution first and then enter Alter mode.

4-16

USING SOS OPTIONS

DELETE
4.4.8

DELETE

Settable:

Yes
/DEL[ETE]

Printable:

Yes
=DEL[ETE]

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the NODELETE option.

Function:
The DELETE option, if set, will cause SOS to delete both your input
file to the SOS session and your output file from the SOS session when
you issue an End, Go, or World command. This option may be useful
when you want to recreate a file while in an SOS session, using the
same file specifications.
The DELETE option is the same as the D option
World commands.

the

End,

Go,

and

Example:
• SOS PRINT.CM[I~

EDIT: PRINT.CMD
*F'~

00100
F''"'/'''':*/*
IDELETE GID
::.:DELETE G:D

**
INPUT FILE WILL BE DELETED.
*~JGD

INPUT:

00100
00200

DSKC:F'RINT.CMD[27,5107]
P/1:.I* ~
$

GK)
INODELETE ~

*EGID
[DSKC:PRINT.CMD[27,S107]]

Restrictions:
It is recommended that you retain some backup copies of your files
(using different file specifications) if you use this option because
all files with the filnam specification will be deleted regardless of
the file extension.
If you do not use this option, it will always
input and output files will not be deleted.

4-17

remain

off,

and

your

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.9 ' DISK
Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=DI[SK] or =DS[K]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The DISK or DSK option prints only your
format of:

current

disk

quota

the

"nnnn" disk blocks in your area on "dev"
"nnnnnn" blocks for all users on this structure
Where:
nnnn

refers to the total number of blocks that you are
allowed to use. This is the number of blocks assigned
to your directory. A block consists of 128 words.
Each word consists of 36 bits.

dev

is the structure (disk) that the output file
written to.

nnnnn

is the total number of blocks
structure for all users that
structure.

that
have

Example:
.805 SAMPLE + TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT

*:·[l18K G!.D
8460 disk blocks in ~our area on [lSKC
146740 blocks for all users on this structure

*
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-18

reside
access

being
on the
to that

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.10

DPY

Settable:

Yes
/DP[Y]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE (via the CASE option)

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the M33 option

Function:
The DPY option tells SOS that you have a VT05-type terminal.
It gives
your VT05 terminal the following characteristics that other terminals
mayor may not have:
1.

CTRL/R (AR) does not echo itself when it
contents.

CTRL/U (AU)
does not
contents of a line.

Pressing the line feed key to print the next line causes that
line to print over the asterisk prompt character. This
allows you to display 20 lines on your terminal screen, thus
eliminating double spacing.

Pressing the ESCape key to print the previous line causes
that line to print over the asterisk prompt character. This
too, allows you to display 20 lines on your terminal screen,
thus eliminating double spacing_

echo

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT IDPY ~
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
::::CASF QIO

*DISPLAY C64 UPPER

*G)
00100
THIS IS LINE 00100
*F~. ~
00100
THIS IS A TEST

THIS IS A TEST ~
*~
00200

00100

THIS IS LINE 00200
THIS IS A TEST

4-19

itself

when

reprints
you

the

line

reenter

the

USING SOS OPTIONS

NOTE
The example above
will
appear
in
slightly different form on a VT05 with
the DPY option set as this example was
performed on a hard-copy terminal for
printed example purposes.
Restrictions:
The DPY option will have an effect even when you are using other
terminal types. 50S will send special VT05 characters to the terminal
which may produce unpredictable results.
If you specify the M33 or M37 option for 50S and then press the ESCape
key to print the previous line, that line will print over the asterisk
prompt character as if you had set the DPY option.

4-20

USING SOS OPTIONS

ERROR
4.4.11

ERROR

Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=ER[ROR]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The ERROR option prints the last error message that occurred on your
terminal in its long-form format, even if the EXPERT option is in
effect.
Example:

• SOS NUMBEF~ FOF~ ~
EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
t

:::FEr~()F~ GIO

*/[XF'Ef~T ~

*F'* CT0
O()~;>OO

END

*GD

%NLN

*;:::EI~:F~()f~

No ~~l..Ich 1 inf:.' (s)

*
Restrictions:
As shown in the example above, if you use this option before any error
occurs, SOS replies only with the Edit mode prompt (*), because there
was no previous error.

4-21

USING SOS OPTIONS

~XPERTI
4.4.12

EXPERT

Settable:

Yes
/EX[PERT]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the NOVICE option

Function:
The EXPERT option, when used, puts you into the Expert mode of SOS.
Expert
mode gives short abbreviated error messages using five
characters or less.
(Refer to Appendix E for the abbreviated Expert
mode error messages.) When you use the Delete and Replace SOS
commands, Expert mode does not echo on the terminal the line/page
numbers deleted, and does not print the option message MASSIVE DELETE
OK? (Y OR N) when deleting the contents of an entire page.
In Alter
mode, the 0 and R instructions do not show the characters deleted and
the backslash characters do not appear on your terminal.
Example:

.SOS/EXPERT NUMBER~FORG!D
ED IT: NUMBE~-;:. F()F~
*F'10 C§)
00010
TIPE 101
*F:l0 G!!)

00010 GD
*[1/1 ~
*F""':*~

TYPE 101 G!!)

~~NLN

*
The error message NLN, No Such Line(s), occurred because
contents of page 1 was deleted with the 0/1 command.
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-22

the

entire

USING SOS OPTIONS

IINCREMENT I
4.4.13

INCREMENT

Settable:

Yes
/IN[CREMENT):n

Printable:

Yes
=IN[CREMENT)

Default:

00100

Reverse:

Not Applicbale

Function:
The INCREMENT option permits you to specify the numeric value, n, as
the increment for the line numbers you are inserting into a file.
If
you do not use the INCREMENT option, the default value is 100.
That
lS, each inserted line has a line number 100 greater than the previous
line number inserted.
If you are creating a new file,
the increment
value also becomes the first line number if the START option is not
set.
The INCREMENT option value is the default value for Insert and Replace
commands when you do not specify an increment.
If you do specify an
increment preceded with a comma (,) in an Insert or Replace command,
this increment will become the INCREMENT option value and will be used
for further Insert and Replace commands.
If you specify an increment
preceded with a semi-colon (:) in an Insert or Replace command, this
increment does not change the INCREMENT option value. The iincrement
of the Insert or Replace command is an increment for only that
command.
You can use any numeric value for the increment from 1 to 99999.
Example:
• SOS/INCRE. MENT: 5 SAMPtE. TXT@)
INPUT: SAMPLE. TXT
00005
THIS IS LINE 00005~
00010
THIS IS LINE 00010G!I)
00015
$

*::=INC G0

00005

*I12,2~

00012
00014

THIS IS LINE

00012~

USING SOS OPTIONS
Restrictions:
If you renumber your file with the Number command and do not specify a
value, the N command will use its default of 100 with increments of
100. If you then Insert or Replace lines at the end of your file, the
INCREMENT option value will take effect again.

4-24

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.14

ISAVE

Settable:

Yes
/IS[AVE] :n

Printable:

Yes
=IS[AVE]

Default:

Off

Reverse:

Not Applicable

(zero or none)

Function:
The ISAVE option permits you to create a backup copy of the file being
edited or created after a specified number, n, of new lines have been
inserted.
The number specified may be any value from 1 to 99999.
The
ISAVE option automatically creates a backup copy as if you had issued
a World command.
The ISAVE option, when printed, displays
remaining before the next Auto-Save.

the

number

insertions

Example:
~ SOS/ I SAVE::~ SGRT + ALG ~
INPUT: St~RT .. ALG
00100
BEGIN ~
00200
HEAL X, Y; GID
00300
WRITE (. [2C] TYPE THE VALUE OF X:
[DOING AUTO-SAVE? PLEASE WAIT .. ]

[ll]

[[ISKC:SQRT .. ALG]

00400
f~EA[I (X); G!D
00500
Y : ::::SQRT ( X ) ; GID
00600
WR I TE (. [C] THE SQUAREF~()OT OF
[DOING AUTO-SAVE, PLEASE WAIT.]

[DSKC:SQRT.ALG[27,5107]]
00700
00800
00900

PRINT
WR I TE

(X,:~,3); ~
IS·); ~

PRINT (Y,:3,3); CRD

[DOING AUTO-SAVE, PLEASE WAIT.]
[DSKC:SQRT.ALG[27,5107]]
01000
01100

END ~

4-25

.); G!:0

M )

GIQ

USING SOS OPTIONS
Restrictions:
If you give the World command before an Auto-Save is done, the ISAVE
value is reset to the value specified when you had set this option.
If you set the UNSEQUENCE option and the ISAVE option, Auto-Save will
not un sequence your file when it is backed up and a warning message
will be displayed on your terminal.

4-26

USING SOS OPTIONS

LENGTH
4.4.15

LENGTH

Settable:

Yes
/LE [NGTH] : nn

Printable:

Yes
=LE[NGTH]

Default:

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The LENGTH option is used to set the page length of printed output.
Its default value is 55. This 55 refers to lines of text and does not
include page headers, .page numbers, or the spacing required.
Example:
• SOS SAMPLE. TXT G!.'0
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*::::LENGTH~
c!'I:,"

.. h,J

*
Restrictions:
The LENGTH option can be used only when the Justification command has
been assembled for SOS. That is, this option has no meaning without
the previous use of the Je, JL, JR, JU, or JW comm8nd, and changing
its default value will have no effect during an SOS session.

4-27

USING SOS OPTIONS

~MARI
4.4.16

LMAR

Settable:

Yes
/LM[AR]:n

Printable:

Yes
=LM[AR]

Default:

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The LMAR option is used to set the Left Margin of a
output.
Its default value is 1.

printed

page

Example:
• fiGS f>AMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
I... MAR ~
1

*":

Restrictions:
The LMAR option can be used only when the Justification command has
been assembled for SOS. That is, this option has no meaning without
the previous use of the Je, JL, JR, JU, or JW command, and changing
its default value will have no effect during an SOS session.

4-28

USING SOS OPTIONS

LOCATION
4.4.17

LOCATION

settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=LOC[ATION]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The LOCATION option is printable only.
It reports the current
position at the beginning of the SOS buffer file.
You can back up
(save) the file, using the World command, from the position indicated
by the LOCATION option to the current position being edited.
Example:
• SOS SOf~T. tiLG @)
EDIT: SGRT.ALG
*A40(): !:.)()O GID

00400

READ (X);·

1~Q}D

00500

:= S(~RT(X);

I~~
*:::LOCATION ~
00100l:L

*w~
[DSKC:SQRT.ALG[27,5107JJ

*
The file from line 100 on page one to the last line on the last page
has now been saved.
(Refer to Chapter 10 for a description of the SOS
buffer files.)
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-29

USING SOS OPTIONS

ILOWER I
4.4.18

LOWER

Settable:

Yes
/Lot'HER]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the UPPER option

Function:
The LOWER option permits you to enter lowercase alphabetic characters
into a file.
If your terminal is uppercase only, the characters
appear as uppercase characters.
However, when the characters are
printed on the line printer, the characters appear lowercase. With an
uppercase-lowercase terminal, you may set your terminal to LOWERCASE
(LC)
with the TOPS-IO command SET TTY LC. The uppercase-lowercase
terminal permits you to enter uppercase and lowercase characters by
pressing
the SHIFT key as you would with a typewriter.
The
characters, when entered, appear as desired and when printed or typed
on the terminal or line printer, the characters appear in their proper
format.
You can use the C128 option with the LOWER option to enter uppercase
and lowercase characters during a single SOS session. With the Cll8
and LOWER set, all uppercase characters must be preceded with a single
quote character (').
If your terminal is set to UPPERCASE
(UC)
and you set the LOWER
option, all characters will be uppercase and will appear as uppercase
during the SOS session.
Example:

(using a VT05 terminal)
• SET TTY UC G!!)
• SOS TEST. MEM ~
INPUT: TEST.MEM

00100

*::CASE 0!D

C64 UPPER

*/LOWER G!D

*1100G!.D
00100
ABCDEFGH I ,JKl..MNOF'(~RSTUVWXYZ G!D
00200
$

*EB~

[[lSKC:TEST.MEMJ
t

TYPE TEST t MEM ~

00100

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

4-30

USING SOS OPTIONS
The example above illustrates the- LOWER option set using a VT05
terminal.
The VT05 terminal cannot print in lowercase. When this
file is printed on a line printer,
it will appear
in its correct
format.
If you set your terminal to UC
(uppercase),
the M33 option is
automatically set for you when you start 50S.
If you set your
terminal to LC (lowercase), the M33 option can only be set at Edit
mode, since M37 is the default for lowercase terminal characteristics.
(Refer to Chapter 6 for additional
lowercase characters into a file.)
Example:

information

about

entering

(using a LA36 terminal)
~SET TTY UC ~
• SOS TEST. MEM ~
Edit: TEST.MEM
*/LOWER~

*:=CASE ~
C64 Lower
*F:l00 ~

00100

ABCDEFGHI .JKLMNOf'(~RSTUVWXYZ ~

*P.~

00100

*EB~

ABCDEFGHI.JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

[dskc:test.mem[27,5107JJ
• TYPE TEST. MEM GID
00100
abcdefghijklmnoPGrstuvwx~z

A text line of all lowercase characters has been entered into the file
TEST.MEM.
With an uppercase-lowercase terminal set to uppercase, the
line appears as uppercase during the 50S session, but when typed on
the terminal or printed on the line printer, the text appears as
lowercase.
Example:

.8ET TTY LC ~
• SDS test ~ 1TI(-;)1rI ~
Edit: TE8T.MEM
*"=case ~
Model 37 C64 Upper
*i200 ~
00200
this line is all lowercase$

*E.'b~

[dskc:test.ffieffi[27,5107JJ
t'dF'E)

00100
00200

tf.~st.

ffif:")ffi ~

abcdefghiJklmnoPGrstuvwx~z

this line is all lowercase

With an uppercase-lowercase terminal, such as a VT52, the LOWER option
is not needed as the terminal can be set to lowercase. This setting
will follow through for any program that you initiate while you are
logged-in.

4-31

USING SOS OPTIONS
Restrictions:
The LOWER option can be set only at SOS command level and not in
SWITCH.INI file or with any SOS command.

4-32

your

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.19

M33

Settable:

Yes
IM33

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the M37 option

Function:
The M33 option sets normal terminal parameters, indicating that your
terminal does not have lowercase alphabetic characters. When the M33
option is used with the C128 option, your terminal will not print
lowercase characters and the C128 special-character convention will
print instead.
(Refer to Chapter 6, for more detailed information of
this option when used with the C128, LOWER, and UPPER options.)
(using a VT05 terminal)

Example:
+ SET

TTY UC @)

+ SOS/M:"33/C 12B

INPUT:
00100

ALPHA. M3;"5 ~

ALPHA + M:"3~~
$

*;:::CASE G!D
UF'PEF:

*/L()WEF~ @)

*1100 @)
00100
'THIS IS AN

'M33 OPTION EXAMPLE

GD
['D'S'K'C:'A'L'P'H'A.'M33]
*/Uf'F'ER @)

*F'. ~ T ' H.' I 'S ' I ' S ',A' N M3 3 ' () P ,. T ' I ' 0 'N ' E X ' A ,. M' F' , LIE •
() 0 1 () 0
I

*
This line when printed on the line printer would appear as:
This is an M33 option example.
Restrictions:
If you set your terminal to uppercase
(UC), the M33
automatically set for you when you start an SOS session.

option

If you set your terminal to lowercase (LC), the M33 option is ignored
if it is set with the SOS command, but it prevails if set in Edit mode
after the SOS session has started.

4-33

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.20

M37

Settable:

Yes

IM37
Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the M33 option

Function:
The M37 option permits you to type and print lowercase alphabetic
characters on your terminal. This option is dependent upon the type
of terminal you are using to enter text in an 50S session.
(Refer to
Chapter
6,
Typing Uppercase and Lowercase,
for more detailed
information on inputing uppercase and lowercase and your terminal
type. )
On an uppercase-only terminal (one that will accept only uppercase
characters), the M37 option will have no effect if set by itself and
all alphabetic characters will type and print in uppercase only.
If you have an uppercase-only terminal and you set the Cl28 option
when the M37 option is already on, you should also set either the
UPPER or LOWER option depending on which is more convenient for you,
and then use the Cl28 conventions for entering uppercase and lowercase
text.
On a VT05-type terminal, the M37 option, when set, allows lowercase
alphabetic characters to be entered as text. The characters appear as
uppercase on the terminal screen, but when printed on the line
printer, the characters appear lowercase.
Example:

(using a VT05 terminal)
• SET TTY· LC G!)
• SOS ALPHA. M37 GID
INPUT: ALPHA.M37
00100
THIS IS AN M37 AND UPPER OPTION EXAMPLE
00200
ON A VT05 TERMINAL SET TO Le.$

*=CASE~

MODEL 37 C64 UPPER

4-34

USING SOS OPTIONS
In the above example, you enter text by pressing the SHIFT key for
uppercase as you would with a typewriter. The entire text appears as
uppercase on your terminal screen, but when printed on the line
printer, the test appears as follows:
*F'100: 200 GIG
00100
This is an M37 and UPPER option example
00200
on a VTOS terminal set to Le.

*
Restrictions:
If you set your terminal to lowercase (LC), the M37
automatically for you when you start an SOS session.

option

set

If you set your terminal to uppercase
(Ue), the M33 option is in
effect and the M37 option is ignored even if set with the sos command,
but the M37 option can be set in Edit mode after starting the SOS
program.

4-35

USING SOS OPTIONS

[MAXLN I
4.4.21

MAXLN

Settable:

Yes
/MA[XLN] :nnnnn

Printable:

Yes
=MA[XLN]

Default:

99999

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The MAXLN option permits you to set the maximum line number (nnnnn)
for input to a page of text within your file. After you have created
the line whose number is the value of the MAXLN option, SOS
automatically switches from Input mode to Edit mode.
Example:
+ SOS/t1AXLN: 300

L. I NE • TXT GIG

INPUT: LINE. TXT
001.00
THIS IS LINE 100 ~
00200
THIS IS LINE 200 G!:D
00300
THIS IS L.INE 3()() C!!D
*::::MAXLN ~
00300

*
Restrictions:
When you have reached the MAXLN value, you must either create a new
page or reset the MAXLN option. The value of the MAXLN option cannot
be greater than 99999.
When you use the Copy and Transfer commands, the lines copied or
transferred may exceed the MAXLN value. You should then renumber (N
command) your file, specifying a smaller increment for the line
numbers.

4-36

USING SOS OPTIONS

NAME
4.4.22

NAME

Settable:

Yes
/NA[ME]:dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ]<nnn)

Printable:

Yes
=NA[ME]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The NAME option permits you to change the full
output
file
specification while at SOS command level.
(Refer to Chapter 2, Giving
Commands, for a complete description of full file specifications.)
Example:
• SOS SAMPL.E. TXT ~
Edit: SAMPLE. TXT
*/NAME: S(~RT. ALG ~

*~::NAME GID
Df.)I~;C:

SQFn" ALG
t

*E~

(DSKC:SQRT.ALG[27,5107]]

The output file specification was changed during Edit mode.
Restrictions:
The NAME option can not be set in your SWITCH.INI file or with the SOS
command at TOPS-lO command level, but only at the SOS command level.

4-37

USING SOS OPTIONS

~OBAK I
4.4.23

NOBAK

Settable:

Yes
/NOB[AK]

Printable:

Yes
=BAK

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the BAK option

Function:
The NOBAK option permits you to suppress the Qxt file extension backup
copy of a file when you give the End, Go, or World command. When you
suppress the Qxt backup copy, the NOBAK option forces SOS to create a
new source of the file being edited.
Example:
• SOS/NOBAK SAMPLE + TXT G!D

Edit: SAMPLE. TXT
*:::BAK~

No backup file will be created

*
Restrictions:
If the OLD option is set with the NOBAK option, the OLD option
override the NOBAK option and backup files will be created.

4-38

will

USING SOS OPTIONS

INODECIDE
4.4.24

NODECIDE

Settable:

Yes
/NODEC[IDE}

Printable:

Yes
=DEC [IDE}

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the DECIDE option

Function:
The NODECIDE option permits you to suppress the DECIDE option for
Substitute commands.
By SOS default,
this option is active when
creating or editing a file.
Example:
• SO!:> NUMBFf-:. For;: ~~~
NUMBER.FOR

EDIT:

*::D[ClnF~

NO AUTO DECIDE
*/DECIDE(.::.C0

*::

DECIDE G~
(IUTO DECIDE

*
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-39

USING SOS OPTIONS

I NODELETE I
4.4.25

NODELETE

Settable:

Yes
/NODEL[ETE]

Printable:

Yes
=DEL[ETE]

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the DELETE option.

Function:
The NODELETE option is the SOS program default.
The only time you
must set the NODELETE option is when the DELETE option has been
previously set to delete both the input file to an SOS session and the
output file from an SOS session. The NODELETE option does not allow
the deletion of your input file(s) when you issue the End, Go, or
World command to save your file(s).
Example:

.80S SAMPL.E. TXT/DELETE GS>
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*=:[IELETE ~

INPUT FILE WILL. BE DELETED.
*/NO[lf,LETE G!!)
*=J;:'EL[TE (ill)

INPUT FILE WILL NOT BE DELETED.

*
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-40

USING SOS OPTIONS

NONSEPARATORS
4.4.26

NONSEPARATORS

Settable:

Yes
/NONS[EPARATORS]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the SEPARATORS option

Function:
The NONSEPARATORS option, when used, tells the SOS program that the
period (.), the dollar sign ($), and the percent sign (%) characters
are not punctuation marks and are
alphanumerics
(A through Z,
o through 9).
The NONSEPARATORS option is active by default when
creating or editing a file.
In Alter mode with this option, the Wand
X instructions treat these three characters as part of the word being
skipped or replaced.
Example:

• SOS NONSEF' .£XF' ~
Edit: NONSEF'.EXF'

*Al00 ~

00100

THE DOLLAR $IGN IS PART OF THE WORD -$IGN-

*00200
*

Restrictions:

WITH THE INONSEF'ARATORS OPTION IN EFFECT.
Not Applicable

4-41

USING SOS OPTIONS

INONUMBER I
4.4.27

NONUMBER

Settable:

Yes
/NONU[MBER]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the NUMBER option

Function:
The NONUMBER option permits you to suppress line-number printing on
the terminal when you create or edit a file.
This option is
particularly useful when editing files that contain long lines for
full-page printed output.
The NONUMBER option is useful when editing extremely large files with
increments of 1 that would contain Wrap Around. With a file this
large# you can use the command formats of the Line
Contents
Specifications command to edit your file, thus avoiding line numbers.
If you wish to use the standard SOS command format to create or edit
your file, the NONUMBER option will allow SOS to use its default of
00100 with increments of 100, but the line ,numbers will not print.
You may change the 100 default by using the Number command at SOS
command level: the file will be renumbered, but the line numbers will
still not print when specified with any SOS command as long as the
NONUMBER option is set.
Example:
• SOS/NONUMBER TEST. MEM GD
Edit: TEST.MEM
*F'100 ~

,,
, ,

THIS IS LINE ONE
GK)GD

*P$ TWO$ @)
~~
:$FltJE$ G!.D
~

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS LINE TWO
IS LINE THREE
IS LINE FOUR
IS LINE FIVE

*Nl GID
F'9 G!!)

*THIS IS LINE NINE

4-42

0SI~G

80S

C?~rC~S

The example above illustrates editing a file with the NONUMBER option
set and using the Line Contents Specifications Print command format.
(Refer to Chapter 8, Line Contents Specifications, for
a description
of this method of editing files.)
Restrictions:
If you specify any other options that pertain to line numbers, such as
INCREMENT or START,
SOS will
ignore these options if the NONUMBER
option with the SOS command is in effect.
When you save your file after an SOS session using the NONUMBER
option,
SOS will save the file with line numbers unless you specify
the S option of the End, Go, or World command, or set the UNSEQUENCE
option.

4-43

USING SOS OPTIONS

NOVICE
4.4.28

NOVICE

Settable:

Yes
/NOV [ICE]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the EXPERT option

Function:
The NOVICE option is the SOS program default. The only time you must
set the NOVICE option is to change the setting from EXPERT. With the
NOVICE option, error messages are printed in full on your terminal and
the MASSIVE DELETE OK? message is displayed when you delete a large
range of line numbers. with the Delete and Replace commands, the line
number/page number(s)
are echoed on the terminal. With the D and R
instructions of the Alter mode, the deleted characters are echoed on
your terminal enclosed in back-slashes.
Example:
+ 80S/EXPERT NUMBER. FOR ~
Edit: NUMBER.FOR

*Rl0 C!ID

00010
*INOVICE G!D

TYPE 101 ~

*R*/l G!D
00090

ENII~

1 Lines (00090/1) deleted

Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-44

USING SOS OPTIONS

NUMBER
4.4.29

NUMBER

Settable:

Yes
/NU[MBER]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the NONUMBER option

Function:
The NUMBER option is the SOS program default. The only time you must
set the NUMBER option is to change. from the NONUMBER option. The
NUMBER option allows line numbers to print while you are creating or
editing a file.
Example:

... SOS/NONUMBEF~ BAMPLE ~ TXT~
INPUT: SAMPLE.TXT
TH I SIS A NONUMBEF: OPT I ON EXAMPLE THAT WILL ~
CHANGE TO THE NUMBER OPTION.$

*/NUMBER ~

*F' C!!D
00100
00200

THIS IS A NONUMBER OPTION EXAMPLE THAT WILL
CHANGE TO THE NUMBER OPTION.

*[~

CDSKC:SAMPLE.TXTJ

Restrictions:
If you edit a file with the NONUMBER option set and during the SOS
seSSIon you set the NUMBER option, SOS assigns the original line
numbers to your file.
The INCREMENT and START options used before the
NUMBER option will have had no effect.

4-45

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.30

OLD

settable:

Yes
/OL[D]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Off

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The OLD option permits you to create a Zxt file-extension backup-copy
of the file being edited. If a Zxt backup-copy already exists, no new
Zxt file will be created and the present Zxt file will remain
unchanged.
The OLD option does not suppress the Qxt file-extension
backup-copy of an edited file, except on the first edit of a file.
Example:
• DIRECT G!D

NUMBER FOR
4 (055)
2-FEB-78
DSKC:
(27,5107]
Total of 4 blocks in 1 files on DSKC: [27,5107]
• SOS/OLD NUMBER. FOR 0!D
Ed it: NUMBEr~. FOR
*Hl() C!E)
00010
TYPE: 101G!D
1 Lines (00010/1) deleted
*EG!D
[DSKC:NUMBER.FOR[27,5107J]

• DIRECT GID
NUMBER FOF~
NUMBER lOR
Total of 8

(055)
2--FEB-78
DSKC:
<055)
2-FEB-78
block~; in 2 files on DSKe: [27,5107J
4

Restrictions:
If the Zxt file extension already exists in your directory
setting the OLD option will not create a new Zxt backup copy.

area,

If you set the OLD option with the NOBAK option, the OLD option
override the NOBAK option. Thus, backup files will be created.

will

4-46

USING SOS OPTIONS

OPTION
4.4.31

OPTION

Settable:

Yes
/OP[TION] :pointer-name

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The OPTION option permits you to set a list of option(s) identified in
your SWITCH.INI file by "pointer-name".
If, for example, you have a
line in your SWITCH.INI file:
.TYPE SWITCH.INI GIO
00100
SOS:DEF/M37/EXPERT/NONUMBERISEPARATORS
where DEF is the pointer-name of the list of options, then you can set
these options with the OPTION option by specifying DEF as the
"pointer-name" in the /OPTION command. DEF is the pointer-name in
your SWITCH.INI file that-has, in this example, the options DPY, M37,
EXPERT, NONUMBER, and SEPARATORS assigned to it.
(Refer to Section
4.2.3 for additional
information about the Set option command and
pointer-names.)
Example:
.80S NUMBER. FOR ~
Edit: NUMBER.FOR
*.I0PTION:DEF ~
*·=CASE ~
Displa~ Model 37 C64 Separators Upper
*,P~

101
102
103

TYPE 101
FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
ACCEPT 102"X
FORMAT (F)
TYPE 103,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)

Y == 2
104

TYPE 104"X,Y
FORMAT (' TWICE ',F,' IS ',F)
END

Restrictions:
If you specify a pointer-name that does not identify a list of options
in your SWITCH.INI file, the error message? OPTION NOT FOUND will be
displayed on your terminal.
If you have misspelled an option within the list of options, the error
message ? SYNTAX ERROR IN OPTION FILE will be displayed on your
terminal.
4-47

USING SOS OPTIONS

[]
4.4.32

Period (.)

Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes

line number/page number
Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The Period option prints the current position in the
position consists of the line number and page number.

file.

Example:
*=.~

00700/3

*
The current position within the file is line number 700 on page 3.
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-48

The

USING SOS OPTIONS

PLINES
4.4.33

PLINES

Settable:

Yes
/PL[INES] :n

Printable:

Yes
=PL[INES]

Default:

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The PLINES option permits you to change the number of lines that print
on your terminal when you give the Print command. The n argument can
be any value from 1 to 99999. The SOS default value for this option
is 16 lines.
Example:
• SOS/PL I NES : 3 n(H~T. ALG Q!D
EDIT: SQRT.Al.G
*F' QIi)

00100
BEGIN
00200
REAL X, Y;
00300
WRITE C' [2C] TYPE THE VALUE OF X:
*=PLINES QIi)
3

*
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-49

(B]')~

USING SOS OPTIONS

IPMAR
4.4.34

PMAR

Settable:

Yes
/PM[AR] :n

Printable:

Yes
=PM[AR]

Default:

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The PMAR option is used to set the first line indentation of a
paragraph.
Its default value is 1. The n can have a value from 0 to
the width of the text.
Example:
.50S SAMPLE. TXT ~
Edit: SAMPLE. TXT
*~:F'MAF~ @)
1

*
Restrictions:
The PMAR option can be used only when the Justification command has
been assembled for SOS. That is, this option has no meaning without
the previous use of the Je, JL, JR, JU, or JW command, and changing
its default value will have no effect during an SOS session.

4-50

USING 50S OPTIONS

IREADONLVI
4.4.35

READONLY

Settable:

Yes
/R[EADONLY]

Printable:

Not Applicable

Default:

Off

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The READONLY option permits you to make NO updates to a file.
When
you use this option, you can only read the file;
you can use only the
following 50S commands:
1.

Alter (A)

Find (F)

List (L)

Print (P)

(the E, L, P, 5, and W Alter instructions only)

50S ignores the World command if the READONLY option is in effect;
it
accepts the End command as if you had issued an EQ command. All other
50S commands receive only the error message: %ILLEGAL COMMAND.
Example:
+ SOS/f<EADONL Y SOSREF. F~NO G£)
READ: SOSREF.RNO

*[13::=;00 ~
XILLEGAL COMMAND
*1:~2()O ~

%ILLEGAL COMMAND

*C3()OO,. 7500: 80()() ~

XILLEGAL COMMAND

*P;3000 ~

03000

~~DIGITAL\\.

4-51

USING SOS OPTIONS
Restrictions:
You cannot remove this option during an SOS session~
session and start SOS again without this option.

you must end the

If you place the READONLY option in your SWITCH.INI file,
the error
message ? SYNTAX ERROR IN DEFAULT OPTIONS will appear when you start
an SOS session. If the READONLY option is included in a list of
options identified by a pointer-name, the error message? SYNTAX ERROR
IN OPTION FILE will appear when you issue the /OPTION:pointer-name
command.
Therefore, the READONLY option can only be set with the SOS
command at TOPS-lO command level.

4-52

USING SOS OPTIONS

RMAR
4.4.36

RMAR

Settable:

Yes
/RM[AR]:nn

Printable:

Yes
=RM[AR]

Default:

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The RMAR option is used to set the Right Margin of a printed page of
output.
Its default value is 69. The value of n is dependent on the
desired width of the text.
Example:
c.SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT

*::::RMAR ( IUT-)
69

*
Restrictions:
The RMAR option can be used only when the Justification command has
been assembled for SOS. That is, this option has no meaning without
the previous use of the Je, JL, JR, JU, or JW command, and changing
its default value will have no effect during an SOS session.

4-53

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.37

RUN

Settable:

Yes
/RU[N]:dev:program-name.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ]

Printable:

Yes
=RU[N]

Default:

SYS:COMPIL

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The RUN option permits you to specify the program to be run when you
end an SOS session with the Go command.' The "dev", if not specified,
is SYS. The "program-name" can be up to six alphanumeric characters
and can be any executable TOPS-IO program.
The ".ext", if not
specified, defaults to .EXE. The "[p,pn,sfdl ••• ]" is the directory
path.
(Refer
to Chapter 2, Giving Commands,
for a complete
description of full file specifications.)
Example:

.sos NUMBER.FOR ~
Edit: NUMBER.FOR
*=RUN ~
SYS:COMPIL
*/RUN: SYS: FORTRA. EXE ~
*STIPE $TYF'E $'" :*,N ~
t

GD CED

*=RUN~

SYS:FORTRA.EXE
*OG!!)
[DSKC:NUMBER.FOR[27,5107]]
FORTRAN: NUMBER
MAIN.
LINK:
Loading
[LNKXCT NUMBER Execution]
PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.
45
YOU TYPED THE NUMBER
45.0000000
TWICE
45.0000000 IS
90.0000000

END or EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.12 ELAPSED TIME: 4.00
EXIT
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-54

USING SOS OPTIONS

SAVE
4.4.38

SAVE

Settable:

Yes
/SA[VE] :n

Printable:

Yes
=SA[VE]

Default:

Off

Reverse:

Not Applicable

(zero or none)

Function:
The SAVE option permits you to automatically back up the file being
edited after
the specified number, n, of SOS commands. The number
that you specify may be any value from 1 to 99999.
The backup takes
place automatically without your having to leave the SOS session.
This option works in the same way as the World command.
The SAVE option, when printed, displays the number of editing SOS
commands that must be given before an Auto-Save is performed.
(The
ISAVE option, in contrast, specifies the number of lines that must be
inserted before an Auto-Save.)
Example:
• SOS/SAVE: 3 ALPHA. F~NO:=NOTE. RNO GB
EDITt NOTE.RNO
*Rl00 ~

00100
+LOWER CASE.FLAG CAPITALIZE ~
1 LINES (00100/1) DELETED
*A500 G:0.)
BECAUSE ALL CHARACTERS ARE MADE
00500

2SR

*::=SAVE ~
1.

*X600 ~
00600
• END NOTE ~
[DOING AUTO-SAVE, PLEASE WAIT.]
[DSKC:ALPHA.RNO[27,S107]]
*=SAVE ~
3

*
Restrictions:
If you give the World command before an Auto-Save is done,
the SAVE
value
IS
reset to the value specified when you had set this option;
that is, the full value of the SAVE option is needed before the next
Auto-Save occurs.
If you set the UNSEQUENCE option and the SAVE option, Auto-Save will
not un sequence your file when it is backed up, and a warning message
is displayed on your terminal.
4-55

USING SOS OPTIONS

[SEPARATORS I
4.4.39

SEPARATORS

Settable:

Yes
/SEP[ARATORS]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the NONSEPARATORS option

Function:
The SEPARATORS option, when used, tells SOS that the period
(.), the
dollar sign
($), and the percent sign (%) are not alphanumerics and
are punctuation marks. The SEPARATORS option is of particular use
when creating or editing COBOL, FORTRAN, and MACRO source program
files because you may use these three characters as part of the
program language.
In Alter mode with this option, the Wand X
instructions treat these three characters as separators and not part
of the word being skipped or replaced.
Example:

.'SOS/SEF'ARATORS NONSEF'.EXF'~
EDIT: NONSEP.EXF'
*Al00:200 ~

00100

THE DOLLAR $IGN IS NOT PART OF THE WORD ·$IGN·

00200

f
SN

3D G!:D

*
Restrictions:

S$
WW
W INOTG) ~ S$
wwGIQ
WITH THE \\NON\\SEPARATORS OPTioN IN EFFECT.

Not Applicable

4-56

USING SOS OPTIONS

SEQUENCE
4.4.40

SEQUENCE

Settable:

Yes
/SEQ[UENCE]

Printable:

Yes
=SEQ[UENCE]

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the UNSEQUENCE option

Function:
The SEQUENCE option is the SOS default option;
it leaves the line
numbers in the output file when the SOS session ends. You only have
to set this option when you have previously set the UNSEQUENCE option
to remove line numbers.
Example:
t

SOS/UNSE(~UENCE

NOTE. RN()~

Elt:[ T: NOTE. F;:NO
*:=SEUUENCE C!!2)

NO SEQUENCE NUMBERS WILL BE ON OUTPUT FILE
*/SEUUENCE ~

*=SEHUENCE G!D

SEmJENCE NUMBERS WILL BE ON OUTPUT FILE

Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-57

USING SOS OPTIONS

4.4.41

START

Settable:

Yes
/STA[RT]:n

Printable:

Yes
=STA[RT]

Default:

100

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The START option permits you to change the value of the starting line
number from its default value of 100. The value may be from 1 to
99999. The START option by itself only indicates the number of the
first line; all subsequent lines default to an increment of 100 plus
the START value.
Example:

• SOS TEXT. TXT/STAf(f: 5 C!!D
INPUT: TEXT.TXT
00005
THIS IS A START OPTION EXAMPLE.~
00105
THE SECOND LINE IS 100 PLUS THE ISTART VALUE.~
002()5
EACH LINE IS INCREMENTED BY THE DEFAULT OF 10().~
00305

*==START G!I)
r~'

..I

*
Restrictions:
When the START option is used for editing a file, that file must
been un sequenced prior to the SOS session.

have

To have line numbers increment with the same value as the START
option, set the INCREMENT or STEP option with the same value as the
START option when you start the SOS session.

4-58

USING SOS OPTIONS

ISTEP I
4.4.42

STEP

Settable:

Yes
/STE[P] :n

Printable:

Yes
=STE[P]

Default:

100

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The STEP option is similar to the INCREMENT option and can be used by
itself to indicate the starting line number and each subsequent line
number increment within a file.
You may use the STEP option to change
the SOS default.
The numeric value that must be specified with the
STEP option may be from 1 to 99999.
Example:
• SOS COBOL. CBL/STEP: 3 ~
INPUT: COBOL.CBL
00003
ID DIVISION. ~
00006
AUTHOR. USER-ID.~
00009
DATA DIVISION. ~
00012
WORKING-·STORAGE SECTION. ~
00015
$

*=STEP@)

00003

*=INCREMENT G!D

00100

Restrictions:
The Insert and Replace commands cannot change the value
option, but they can change the INCREMENT option.

4-59

the

STEP

USING SOS OPTIONS

STRING
4.4.43

STRING

Settable:

Not Applicable

Printable:

Yes
=STR [ING]

Default:

None

Reverse:

Not Applicable

Function:
The STRING option is printable only.
It permits you to check the
current default of a Find or Substitute command. The STRING option
also prints the range contents used when you are editing a file by
line-contents specifications.
(Refer to Chapter 8, Line Contents
Specifications, for a description of range specifications and the
STRING option.)
Example:

.SOS NUMBER.FOR ~
EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
*FTIPEl ~

00010
TIPE 101
*STIP[$TYPE$ GIG

GD QD

00010
TYPE 101
*=STRING GIG
FIND:
TIPE
SUBSTITUTE:
TYPE
FOR:

TIF'E
LINE-CONTENTS:
1:
~~

*sG!D

00020
00050
00060
00080

Restrictions:

101
103

FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
TYPE 1()3,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
TYPE 104,X,Y

Not Applicable

4-60

USING SOS OPTIONS

/UNSEQUENCEI
4.4.44

UNSEQUENCE

Settable:

Yes
/UN[SEQUENCE]

Printable:

Yes
=SEQ[UENCE]

Default:

Off

Reverse:

By setting the SEQUENCE option

Function:
The UNSEQUENCE option permits you to remove line numbers from the
output file when ending an SOS session.
The UNSEQUENCE option
performs the same function as the S option of the End, Go, or World
command.
In fact, you may use the S option of the End, Go, or World
command to unsequence your saved output file to avoid the use of the
UNSEQUENCE option.
Example:

.SOS TEXT. TXT ~
EDIT: TEXT. TXT
*::::SEl~UENCE ~

SEQUENCE NUMBERS WILL BE ON OUTPUT FILE
*/UN!3EQUENCE ~
*:::~;El~U[NCE

0ID

NO SEQUENCE NUMBERS WILL BE ON OUTPUT FILE

*
Restrictions:
If you set the UNSEQUENCE option and then give the WS command
an SOS session, the following error message will appear:

during

• SOS/UNSE[~UENCE TEXT. TXT ~
Edit: TEXT.TXT
*WS~

[WARNING: Seauence Numbers Preserved]
lDSKC:TEXT.TXT[2J,510J]]

This error message indicates that both
backup file will contain line numbers.

your

current

file

and

your

If you give the ES command with the UNSEQUENCE option set, your
current file
is unsequenced, but your backup file (Qxt or Zxt) will
contain line numbers.

4-61

USING SOS OPTIONS

@PPERI
4.4.45

UPPER

Settable:

Yes
/UP[PER]

Printable:

Yes
=CASE

(via the CASE option)

Default:

Reverse:

By setting the LOWER option

Function:
The UPPER option is the SOS program default for the alphabetic
character representation.
with either an uppercase-only terminal or
an uppercase-lowercase terminal, all alphabetic characters appear as
uppercase when typed. To enter lowercase characters into a file with
the UPPER option set, you must specify the Cl28 option and precede
each lowercase character with a single quote character (').
(Refer to Chapter 6 for additional
uppercase characters into a file.)

information

about

Example:
SOS SAMPl.E. TXT G£D
E[lIT: SAMPLE. TXT
t

*;";CASE~

C64

UPF'Er~

*I'~~

()OO~)O

TH I SIS AN

00050

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE EXAMPLE.

*P. ~

UF'F'EF~CASE

EXAMPl.E. (!~iJ

*/C128~

*1. GIQ
00075

T'H'I'S 'I'S LOWERCASE 'W'I'T'H UPPER

'O'P'T/I'()/N ~
*/C64~

4-62

entering

USING SOS OPTIONS
Two lines are inserted at the beginning of SAMPLE.TXT •
• SET TTY LC~
.t~pe sample.tHt~

00050
00075

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE EXAMPLE.
This is LOWERCASE with UPPER option

• •••••••••
• set tt~ uc ~
• TYPE SAMPLE. TXT ~
00050
THIS IS AN UPPERCASE EXAMPLE.
00075
This is LOWERCASE with UPPER option

• •••••••••
The TOPS-IO command SET TTY LC or SET TTY UC affects only the input
characters. This command does not affect output if your terminal will
print lowercase characters.
Restrictions:

Not Applicable

4-63

USING SOS OPTIONS

4-64

CHAPTER 5

SOS COMMAND DESCRIpTIONS

5-1

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Chapter 5 contains descriptions of all the SOS Commands for
the
TOPS-IO
SOS
program.
The SOS Commands are in
alphabetical order, each starting on a right hand page for
easy reference.
There are eleven possible headings in each description;
these headings are listed and explained in the following
text:
Function

Contains one or two sentences briefly
describing what the command does.

Format

Describes the syntax of the command
its
command
name,
arguments,
and
options.

Arguments

Describes the attributes or values
must be supplied with the command.

Options

Describes the attributes or values that
are
optional.
Commands
that have
optional values may also have default
values.

Hints

Outlines
convenient
functions
the
command can perform and references other
commands you might use along with the
one being described.

Restrictions

Describes
the
limitations
and
Also
peculiarities
of the command.
explains common error messages you may
receive while giving the command.

Special Cases

Describes specifically how the command
operates in certain special cases.

Instructions

Describes the function and syntax
each subcommand which you may give.

Characteristics

Describes
special
extended
characteristics, features, or formats of
the command.

Operation

Lists instructions describing how to
give the command, with an example of a
typical command.

Examples

Shows a few common ways to give the
command.
In examples, anything you type
appears in
red print, anything the
system types appears in black.

5-2

that

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

I®I
~-

5.1

LINEFEED COMMAND

Function
The Linefeed command has three functions:
1.

In Edit mode, the Linefeed command prints the
the file.

line

with the I instruction in Alter mode, Linefeed creates a
line.
(Refer to the description of the Alter command.)

new

with the eXtend command, Linefeed creates a new line.
(Refer
to Section 5.27 for the description of the eXtend command.)

Format

Restrictions
If you are located at the last line of your
Linefeed command, SOS prints the message:

file

and

give

the

%NO SUCH LINE(S)
and returns to Edit mode.

You may then give any SOS command.

Examples
1.

You print the next line in a file after line number 04550.
*P4550 GD
04550
THIS IS LINE NUMBER 04550.

*GO
04560

IN EDIT MODE, <LF) PRINTS THE NEXT LINE.

You try to print the next line, but you are already positioned at
the last line of the file.

*GD

?::NO SUCH LINE(S)

5-3

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
3.

You alter line 300 by pressing the LINEFEED key
instruction of Alter mode to create a new line.

,P300 ~
00300
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A300 ~
00300
THIS IS AN ALTER

t
SRQQ

00350

EXAMf'LE.

5-4

after

the

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.2

ESCAPE COMMAND

Function
The ESCape command has five functions:
1.

In Edit mode when you press ESCape as the only
line, the previous line prints.

input

for

In Input mode when you press ESCape, Input mode terminates.
{Refer to the description of the Lnsert and Replace commands,
Sections 5.12 and 5.21.}

In Alter mode when you press ESCape, the string you are
inserting after an Alter mode I, R, or X instruction
terminates.
{Refer to the description of the Alter command,
Section 5.3.}

In Edit mode with the Find and Substitute commands, ESCape
terminates the existing-string and/or the new-string.
{Refer
to the descriptions of the Find and Substitute commands,
Sections 5.7 and 5.23.}

In Edit mode with the eXtend command, ESCape ends the line
extension and starts Alter mode.
{Refer to the description
of the eXtend command, Section 5.27.}

Format

Restrictions
If you press the ESCape key when you are at the
your file, your terminal prints the message:

first

%NO SUCH LINE{S}
You may give another command;

5-5

no change has occurred.

line

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You press the ESCape key to print the previous line.

05600

THE (ESC) COMMAND PRINTS THE PREVIOUS LINE.

*
2.

You use the Find command to locate the text string "WORDS"
in
lines 100 through 800. The ESCape key indicates the end of the
existing-string.
*FWORDS$l 00: 800 GIQ

00600

ESCAPE ENDS THE STRING CALLED ·WORDS-.

5-6

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

D
MOVE COMMAND

5.3

Function
The
(Move) command moves your current position in the file but
does not print the line.
Format
*.position~

Argument
position

indicates the line to which you want to move the
pointer. The position can take the form of either
line/page number or line contents.

Hints
The Print command performs the same function, but also prints the
line.
The Period option only prints your current position in the file.
Restrictions
If you indicate a nonexistent line, SOS prints the message:
%NO SUCH LINE(S)
then prints an asterisk.
command.

Find a

nearby

line

and

reissue

the

If you indicate a nonexistent page, SOS prints the message:
%NO SUCH PAGE
then prints an asterisk.
command.

Choose the correct page and reissue the

5-7

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You make the current position line 900 on page 4.
*.900/4 ~

*
2.

You make the current position the first line on the first page.

You attempt to position on the first line of the last
the last page does not contain any lines.

page,

but

Y.No such line(s)

*
4.

By using line contents specifications, you move your position to
a line in your file that contains the woras MOVE TO HERE.
(Refer
to Chapter 8, Line Contents Specifications, for a complete
description of how to issue SOS commands in this format.)

*.$MOVE TO HERE$/l0D
~

5-8

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.4

SET COMMAND

Function
The / (Set) command sets an SOS option.
Chapter 4 contains a
complete description of all the SOS options. Appendix B contains
a list of them.
Format
*/option-name:value ~
Argument
option-name

is the name of the option that is settable.

option
:value

is the option value.
Some options do not take a
value, because they are either on or off, as
switches are.

Hints
Many options can be preceded by the prefix NO to counteract their
operation.
Restrictions
If you give a nonexistent option name or misspell an option name,
SOS prints the mes~age:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND
followed by an asterisk.
You should find the correct option name
and format from Appendix B and reissue the command.

5-9

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You set the increment value to 50.

*1 INCREMENT: 50 ~
2.

You try to set the SEPARATORS option, but misspell it.
*/SEPERATORS G2)

r.ILLEGAL COMMAND
*/SEF'ARATORS ( RH)

*
3.

You set all the options as specified by the pointer-name MODE
your SWITCH.INI option file.
*IOF'TION :MODE ~

5-10

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.5

GIVE COMMAND

Function
The = (Give) command prints the value or setting of any printable
option.
(Refer to Appendix B, Summary of SOS Options, to find
which options are printable.)
Format
*=option-name~

Argument
option-name

is the name of an option that is printable.

Restrictions
If you type a nonexistent name or mistype a name, SOS prints:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND

*
Refer to Appendix B, Summary of SOS Options, and/or
command.

reissue

the

typing

the

Examples
1.

You may request your current
=CASE command.

terminal

settings

*"-::CASE GiD
MODEL 37 C64 SEPARATORS UPPER

*
2.

If you get an error message when the EXPERT option is in effect
and you want a fuller message, type the =ERROR option, and the
error message will be printed in full.

Y.ORDER
*=ERROR~

r.OUT OF ORDER

*
3.

You want to know the current position of the pointer during an
sos session. The period (=.) option prints the pointer's current
line number/page number.
*=.~

01300/2

5-11

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-12

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.6

INDIRECT COMMAND

Function
The @ (Indirect) command takes commands from a file
rather
than
from your terminal.
When SOS reaches the end of the file, it
prints the message:
%INDIRECT EOF
or %CMEND if the /EXPERT option is set.
Format
*@filespec~

Argument
filespec

is the file specification of the file containing
the
indirect commands.
This argument can be
specified as a full file specification as follows:
dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, •.• ]<nnn)
(Refer
to Chapter
2, Giving Commands,
for
a
complete description of full file specifications
and additional
information on indirect command
files and their use.)

Hints
Output from the indirect commands will
unless you suppress it by using:

your

The S option of the Print and eXtend commands

The N option of the Find and Substitute commands

All error messages occurring from the execution
command will appear on your terminal.

terminal

indirect

If the indirect file contains a Substitute command with the D
(Decide)
option, you must respond to the decide prompt from your
terminal, rather than from within the indirect file.
(Refer
to
Example Number 2.)

5-13

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Restrictions
If a command in the indirect file
is illegal, SOS prints the
standard error message,
%ILLEGAL COMMAND, plus another message
indicating the incorrect-command. You can not give an indirect
command from an indirect file;
that is, you can not nest
indirect files.
If you try to, SOS prints the message:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND
COMMAND # OOOOn
where n is its position in the indirect file.
SOS will then
continue to process the next command in the indirect command
file, if another command exists.
If there is an error reading the command file, SOS prints the
following message and terminates taking commands from the file:
?ERROR READING INDIRECT FILE
Examples
1.

You take commands from the indirect command file COMNDl.CMD which
contains commands to print line 100, print line 200, and delete
line 300.
00100
00200
00300

PIOO
P200
D300

Note that SOS reprints
%INDIRECT EOF message.

the

last

message

after

giving

the

@COMNDl • CMD ~
00100
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE OF TEXT
00200
THIS IS THE SECOND LINE OF TEXT
1 Lines (00300/1) deleted
A::Indi rf:~ct EOF
1 Lines (00300/1) deleted

You edit a text file TEXT.RNO that contains the word "may" where
the word "can" should be.
The indirect command file SUB.CMD
contains one line
S may '= can '=~:*,D
(created in C128 mode)
which causes SOS to substitute and decide on each substitution.
The following example shows the results of executing SUB.CMD
while in the Edit mode for the TEXT.RNO file.
*@SUB • eMf! 0ID

00250

00540

You can Print lines with an indirect file.
The file extension can be omitted when

GQ
00550
G)

create an indirect file. You can

i::Indi J'ect (OF

5-14

~ou

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
3.

You edit a file with the indirect file COM.CMD, which appears as:
00100
00200
00300

plOO
8200
P300

Line 00200 contains an illegal command, 8200 instead of P200.
*&COM ~ CMD G!::Q
00100
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE OF TEXT
%Ille~al

command

COMMAND t 00002
THIS IS THE THIRD LINE OF TEXT
%Indirect EOF

SOS indicates that the second command in the indirect file
illegal and continues to process the indirect command file.

5-15

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-16

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.7

ALTER - A COMMAND

Function
The Alter command starts Alter mode, which allows you to edit a
line or lines without having to retype the unchanged portion.
Alter mode has its own instructions which do not echo on your
terminal.
Format
*Arange~

Argument
range

specifies the range of lines you want to alter.

Hint
To abort an Alter command, give the Alter mode Q instruction
which restores the current line and returns to Edit mode.
Restrictions
When using the Alter C, I, R, and X instructions, the BACKSPACE
key, used as a way to delete characters, will echo back a CTRL/H
(ftH) for each backspaced character in the line being altered.
If you specify an invalid range or lines that do not exist, SOS
responds with the error message: %NO SUCH LINE(S). If you press
any character or key that is not described in this section, the
bell will sound on your terminal, because that character or key
is invalid in Alter mode.
Alter Mode Instructions
After you give the Alter command, your terminal prints the number
of the first line you want to alter.
Give anyone of the
following Alter mode instructions which operate in the following
way:
1.

The instructions themselves do not print on your terminal as
do Edit mode commands; however, changes you make to the line
do print.

While editing each line, the pointer of your terminal always
points to your current position in the line. When counting
characters, always consider the position of this pointer to
be in FRONT of the character it is pointing to.

After you alter the first line, continue to alter lines until you
reach the end of the range you gave in the initial Alter command.

5-17

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If you type any character that is not an Alter mode
your terminal will sound the bell (CTRL/G).

instruction,

In the descriptions of the Alter mode instructions, the following
symbols are used:
Symbol

Meaning

(underscore) Indicates the position of the pointer
(that is, the carriage or cursor on your terminal)
BEFORE you give the instruction.

Represents an integer number which,
if
omitted,
defaults to 1.
The n is used to make an instruction
operate on the next n characters.

(minus sign) Indicates that the particular instruction
can work either forward or backward from the present
position.
When you use the minus sign (-), the
instruction operates on the last (or previous) n
characters: otherwise, without the minus sign (-), the
instruction operates on the next n characters.

Shows where you can type a
format of an instruction.

chrs

Shows where you can type more than one character in the
format of an instruction.

5-18

single

character

the

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter

Mode

Format

Instructions

Function
When you press RETURN, SOS prints the rest of the
line,
then ends Alter mode for the current line.
You can then alter the next line (if one exists)
in the range given with the A command.
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is at
the beginning of the next line.
(You
may still be in Alter mode or you may be
in Edit mode, depending on the range of
the Alter command.)

*A90()~

00900

THE RETURN KEY ENDS ALTER MODE.

Advances the pointer n characters to the right.
(Remember to count the character currently being
po inted to.)
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is in
front of the nth character.

*A5()()~

00500

TO MOVE AHEAD, PRESS THE SPACE BAR

8CD

5-19

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format

Mode

Instructions

Function
Moves the pointer back n characters.
In moving
the
pointer,
your terminal prints a single
backslash (\), then the letters that are passed
over.
When
you
give the next Alter mode
instruction, your terminal
prints
a
second
backslash.
If you try to move past the beginning
of the line, your terminal reprints the line
number, glvlng you a fresh line to work on. This
instruction does not delete the characters that it
passes over.
On a VT05 terminal, the RUBOUT key will operate in
the same way as the DELETE key.
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is in
front of the nth character to the left.

*P200~

00200

THE DELETE INSTRUCTION MOVES LEFT.

00200

THE DELETE INSTRUCTION MOVES\SEVOM\MOVES LEFT.

*A200~

2SS

*
Moves the pointer to the end of the line, printing
the characters it passes over. When preceded by a
minus sign, the TAB instruction moves the pointer
backward to the beginning of the line, but this
time your terminal encloses the characters in
backslashes, prints them in reverse order, and
starts a new print line.
Pointer:

)/I A33~:.i

00335

After a TAB instruction, the pointer is
after the last character in the line.
After a -TAB instruction, the pointer is
in front of the first character in the
line.

GID
MINUS TAB COMMAND\DNAMMOC BAT SUNIM\

.... G;D

5-20

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format

Mode

Instructions

Function
Cancels any changes you have made to the current
line, then restores the current line so you can
start your changes again.
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is in
front of the first character on the
current line.

*P~:500~

00500
CTRL/U INSTRUCTION RESTORES THE LINE.
*A500GIQ
00500
CTRL/U \\INSTRUCTION\\ RESTORES THE LINE.~U

81
00500

llD

CTRL/U INSTRUCTION RESTORES THE LINE.

*
nCchrs

Deletes the next n characters (n is an integer),
then lets you insert up to (and including) n new
characters in their place.
Your terminal does
not
print
the
deleted
characters.
If you type an incorrect character,
you may use the DELETE or RUBOUT key to back up.
SOS will print the incorrect character enclosed in
backslashes. To retype the correct character, you
must type it twice. If the pointer is initially
at the end of the line,
SOS
ignores
the
instruction.
You may not create new lines (that
is,
insert
Linefeeds)
with
the
Alter
C
instruction.
If you want to insert less than n
instruction
new characters, use the Alter R
instead of the C instruction.
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is
after the last character you inserted.

*P4!:.:jO()~

04500

THE C 1NSTRRCTION CHANGES T£8T+

*A4~:jOO~

04500

THE C INSTRI\I\UCTION CHANGES TEXT •
.-

....

CI GIQ Uu::.~sn

cxGID

*
Note that in this example, the 2SR searches for
the second R in INSTRRCTION. By mistyping an I
instead of an U, you must press DELETE and type U
twice to put it in the line. The 2SS after the U
insertion searches for the S in TEST. This S is
changed to X.
5-21

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format
nD
-nO

Mode

Instructions

Function
Deletes the next n characters:
if you include the
minus sign, it deletes the previous n characters.
Your terminal prints two backslashes and the
deleted characters. When you give the next Alter
mode
instruction, your terminal prints a second
set of backslashes to
enclose
the
deleted
characters in backslashes.
If you set the EXPERT option, your terminal does
not print the deleted characters.
If the pointer
is at the end of the line when the instruction is
given,
the
instruction is ignored unless
it
includes the minus sign.
Pointer:

After the instruction,
the pointer
is
after
the last character you deleted.
If you use the minus sign,
the pointer
is
before
the
last character you
deleted.

*F'1 :3()0 0iD
01500
THE D INSTRUCTION DELETES CHARACTERS.
*A.~

01500

THE D \\INSTRUCTION \\

SI
*P.@)
01500

12[1

THE D DELETES CHARACTERS.

*
Note that in this example,
11 letters and the
blank following the word are deleted;
this helps
maintain correct spacing in the line.
E

Ends Alter mode for this line without printing the
rest of the line.
*F'600~

00600

THE E INSTRUCTION ENDS ALTER.

*A.~

00600

THE E INSTRUCTIDN

t t
ww

5-22

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter

Instructions

Function

Format
incIchrs ~

Mode

Inserts characters, starting at
the
present
position and continuing until you press ESCape.
If you mistype any characters in the insertion,
you can use the DELETE or RUBOUT key to correct
the incorrect character insertion.
If more than
497 characters are on the line (not including
deleted characters), SOS prints
the
message
%LINE TOO LONG and restores the line as it was
before you entered Alter mode.
New Lines:
To insert a new line containing the
characters from the present position to
the end of the current line, press
LINEFEED. The pointer is now before the
first character of the new line.
If you
placed
an
increment
before the I
instruction (that is, inc) SOS uses that
increment
in creating the new line
number; otherwise, it uses the current
increment.
If using the given increment
makes the new line out of order, SOS
uses a line number halfway between the
current line and the next line.
Should
no more lines be available, SOS prints
the message %OUT OF ORDER,
retypes the
current line up to the current position,
and
allows
you
to
insert
more
characters.
Terminating:
To end the Alter I
instruction, press
either
ESCape
or
RETURN.
ESCape
terminates only the Alter I instruction.
RETURN
terminates both the Alter I
instruction and Alter mode for
the
current line.
*F'6700~

06700
*A.~

06700

THE I INSTRUCTION CHARACTERS.
THE I INSTRUCTION INSERTS CHARACTERS.

IINSERTSGQ@:)@)

2SC

5-23

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format
J

Mode

Instructions

Function
Places the rest of the line at the front of the
next line in the file.
If you are located at the
last line in the file, SOS prints %NO NEXT LINE
and reprints the line up to the current position.
*F"":* G!D
00100
THE J INSTRUCTION BRINGS TEXT TO
00200
THE NEXT LINE.
*Al00GD
00100
THE J INSTRUCTION

00200

t t

W W

BRINGS TEXT TO THE NEXT LINE.

*
nKc
-nKc

Deletes all the characters in the current line
from the present position up
to
(but
not
including)
the nth occurrence of the character c
just as if you had given the necessary number of
Alter D instructions.
Given with a preceding
minus sign, the K instruction deletes backwards
through
(and including) the nth occurrence of the
character.
Note that the nK instruction deletes up to the nth
occurrence
of
the character, while the -nK
instruction deletes through the nth occurrence of
the character.
*F'650~

00650
*A.~

00650

THE K INSTRUCTION IS A LONGER DELETE.
THE K INSTRUCTION \\IS A LONGER DELETE\\.

*P.G!D

GIO

3S1

00650

THE K INSTRUCTION •

If n is not given in the format, the K instruction
will not work and will not sound the terminal bell
or print an error message.
*P650~

00650
THE K INSTRUCTION IS A LONGER DELETE.
*A.G:£D
00650
THE K INSTRUCTION \\ NOITCURTSNI\\

3SI
*P.~

00650

-2KI

THE K IS A LONGER DELETE.

*
5-24

t
E

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Alter
Format
L

Mode

Instructions

Function
Prints the rest of the line on your terminal and
then reprints the current line number with the
pointer positioned before the first character.
*Pl00~

00100

THE L INSTRUCTIDN PRINTS THE L.INE.

*Al00~

00100

THE L

00100

INSTf~UCTION

PRINTS THE LINE.

t
L..

Prints the rest of the line on your terminal and
then reprints the current line and moves to the
current position.
*Pl00~

00"750

THE P

INSTr~UCTI()N

REPRINTS TO POSITION.

*A750~

00750

THE P I NS Tf~UCT I ON REPRINTS TO POSITION.

00"750

2SR
P
THE P INSTRUCTION

Restores the original contents of the current
line, then Quits (that is, ends) Alter mode for
the entire range.
*F'985 ~
00985
THE Q INSTRUCTION QUITS ALTER MODE.
*A98t:;: 1000 ~
00985
THE Q ,\INSTRUCTION\\

l1D

*P985~

00985

t
Q

THE Q INSTRUCTION QUITS ALTER MODE.

5-25

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format

Mode

Instructions

Function
Deletes n
characters, then
gives an insert
instruction. The R instruction lets you insert
(replace) as many characters as you want (up to a
line length of 497). With a preceding minus sign,
the R instruction deletes through the previous n
characters, then lets
you
insert.
The
n
characters
that are deleted are enclosed in
backslashes as with the Alter D instruction. With
the EXPERT option set, the deleted contents and
the backslashes do not appear on your terminal.
The number of characters deleted and the number of
characters inserted do not have to match (as they
do with the C instruction).
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is
after the last character you inserted.

*PI010!2 ~
01010
THE R COMMAND DELETES N CHARACTERS
01020
THEN PERMITS INSERTION.

*AI0I0 ~
01010
THE R \\COMMAND\\INSTRUCTION

t
SC
*/EXF'EF~T GD

7RINSTRUClION GD

*AI020 ~
01020
THEN PERMITS ALLOWS INSERTION.

·-81:~AL..L()WS

GQG)~

*F'1010! 2 ~
01010
THE R INSTRUCTION DELETES N CHARACTERS
01020
THEN ALLOWS INSERTION.

5-26

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format
nSc
-nSc

Mode

Instructions

Function
Searches for the nth occurrence of the character
specified by c.
If no n is specified,
the
occurrence defaults to the first occurrence of the
character c.
If the minus sign is included before
the number or the S, the S instruction searches
for the last occurrence of the character specified
by c moving from right to left on the current
line.
If the character c cannot be found,
the pointer
moves to the end of the line and waits for another
Alter
instruction.
If
you
have
an
uppercase-lowercase
terminal
and
your
text
contains both uppercase and lowercase characters,
you must use the SHIFT key with the S command when
searching for uppercase characters.
Pointer:

After the instruction, the pointer is at
the
character
specified,
but
the
character itself is not printed on the
terminal.
When the minus sign is used
and the instruction is completed,
the
pointer is after the character specified
and the character is printed on the
terminal.

* F'425 GIDTHE S INSTRUCTION SEARCHES FOR CHARACTERS.

00425

*A.G!D

00425

THE S INSTRUCTION SEARCHE\EHCRAES

4SS

'-58

5-27

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format
nV

Mode

Instructions

Function
InVerts the case for n characters or to the end of
the next word.
This is an optional SOS Alter mode
for
your
instruction and must be assembled
inVert case
installation
of
SOS.
If
the
your
SOS
instruction is not assembled
for
installation,
the bell will sound when you try to
use this instruction.
The V instruction will convert all lowercase
characters
in a word to uppercase or convert all
uppercase characters in a word to lowercase,
whichever happens to exist on the line being
altered.
The V instruction will operate on a
word-by-word basis or by the number of characters
specified by n.
Pointer:

After the V instruction has executed,
the pointer is at the next character in
the line being altered.

*F'1600 ~
THE V INSTRUCTION INVERTS THE CASE.
01600
*A.~

01600

The V Instruction inverts the case.

~v
*P1600 ~)

01600
*
nW

t t

w GQv

The V Instruction inverts the case.

Skips over n (partial or full) words,
then skips
over any blanks and tabs to position the pointer
at the beginning of the next, word. A word
is a
string of any combination of letters and numbers
followed by one
or
more
spaces.
Special
characters,
such as
,
i, @, are words by
themselves.
The.,
$, and % become words by
themselves if the SEPARATORS option is set.
*F'5~)0 ~

00550
THE W INSTRUCTION SKIPS OVER WORDS.
*/SEPARATORS C§)
*A.~
00550
THE W INSTRUCTION SKIPS OVER WORDS.

t t

W 4W

5-28

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Alter
Format
Xchrs~

Mode

Instructions

Function
Deletes a partial or entire word, the blanks and
tabs that follow it, and then allows you to type
characters which are inserted in the place of the
deleted text.
The deleted text is enclosed in
backslashes. with the EXPERT option set, the
contents and backslashes do not appear on your
terminal.
The inserted characters do not need to include a
separator
character unless you want a space
between the characters you insert and the next
word.

F' 111 ! 2 GiD
00111
THE X COMMAND REMOVES A WORD
00112
AND PERMITS INSERTION.
*A111!2 ~
00111
THE X \\COMMAND \\INSTRUCTION

00112

SC
XINSTRUCTION(jQ
E
AND \\PERMITS \\ALLOWS INSERTION.
~-

SF'

XALLOWSGQ~

QID

*: F' 111 ! 2 QID
00111
THE X INSTRUCTION REMOVES A WORD
00112
AND ALLOWS INSERTION.

5-29

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-30

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.8

COpy - C COMMAND

Function
The Copy command copies a range of lines to a destination in your
file.
The Copy command does not change the original lines in any
way.
Special Cases
Copying lines
from
another
Characteristics in this section.)

file.

(Refer

Extended

Numbering the first and last pages with a different increment.
(Refer to the first-page-inc and the last-page-inc under Options
in this section.)
Format
*Cdestination,soqrce-range,first-page-inc,last-page-inc~

Arguments
destination

is the line number where SOS will place the copied
lines.

,source-range

is the range of lines you
destination.

want

copy

the

Options
,first-page-inc
is the increment SOS uses to number the first page
of copied lines.
All lines in succeeding pages
(except the last page) retain their line numbers.
If the increment is too large to fit the lines in
the destination, SOS prints either %OUT OF ORDER
or %WRAP AROUND and chooses a smaller increment,
printing the message:
INCl=first page increment
,last-page-inc
is the increment SOS uses to number the last page
of copied lines.
If the increment is too large,
SOS prints %OUT OF ORDER or %WRAP AROUND
and
chooses a smaller increment, printing the message:
INC2=last page increment

5-31

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Extended Characteristics
The following two formats of the Copy command allow you to copy
lines from another file
into your current file being edited.
These formats are particularly useful for creating files from
sections of other larger files.
Function (1)
The following format of the Copy command copies lines from
another file
into your current file.
with this format of the
Copy command, you must know the range of lines to be copied.
Format
*Cdest=filespec,range,first-page-inc,last-page-inc ~
Arguments
dest

is the destination (line number/page number) where
SOS will place the copied lines.

=filespec

is the file specification of the source file
which
you are copying the lines.
The
specification can consist of the following:

from
file

dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ]

,range

(Refer to Chapter 2, Giving
complete
description
of
specifications.)

Commands,
these

is the range of lines you
source file.

copying

are

for a
file

from

the

is the increment number SOS uses in numbering
first page of copied lines.

the

is the increment SOS uses in
page of copied lines.

last

Options
,first-page-inc

,last-page-inc
numbering

the

Operation
1.

Type a C and the destination;

then type an equal sign (=).

*Cl00::::

Type the source file specification and a comma.

5-32

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
3.

Type the source range, a comma, and,
if desired,
type the
first- and/or last-page-inc separated by a comma.
Then press
RETURN.

In this example, SOS will place immediately after line 100 a
range of lines from file TESTOR.FOR that extends from line
100 of page 1 to the last line of the last page;
it will
renumber
the first page to increment by 100, and the last
page to increment by 10. The middle pages will be unchanged.
Function (2)
The following format of the Copy command allows you to look at a
file
(that is, you can give Find and Print commands) before you
have to specify the source range and optional
increments.
With
this format of the Copy command,
you do not need to know in
advance the range of lines to be copied.
Format
*Cdestination=filespec/S~

Arguments
destination

is the line number where SOS will place the copied
lines.

=filespec

is the file specification of the source file
from
which you are examining and/or copying the lines.
The file
specification can
consist
of
the
following:
dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ... ]
(Refer
to Chapter
2, Giving
complete
description
of
specifications.)

Commands,
these

for
the
allows you to search the source file
desired lines to be copied. without the IS, this
entire command is illegal.

Operation
1.

Type a C, the destination, and then an equal sign (=).

*C 1 00::::
2.

for
a
file

Type the source file specification.

*C 1 () 0 T EST () • F ()
:~:

5-33

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
3.

Type a slash (/), an S, and press RETURN.
SOS prints the
prompt C*. You can now give Find and Print commands to find
the range of lines you want to copy.
*C100::~TESTOR. FORIS ~

C*FEND 11 GD

GD
00900
END
C*FC GD $/1 GID

00100
C*
4.

THIS IS A TEST

When you are finished looking through the file, give the E
command.
SOS prints SOURCE LINES=.
Type the source range,
and if desired, the first- and/or last-page-inc separated by
commas, and press RETURN.
C*E C§)
SOURCE LINES=100/1:900/1~

If you do not want to copy lines from this file, give the EQ
command instead of the E command. The EQ command aborts the
copy and returns you to your current file in Edit mode.

Restrictions
If you specify a file specification that does not exist when you
are using either of the Extended Characteristic formats, SOS will
reply with the error message:
%FILE NOT FOUND
You must then reissue the Copy command again using
and file extension of a file that does exist.

the

filename

If you issue a Copy command for a extremely large range of lines,
you may receive the error message:
%INSUFFICIENT CORE AVAILABLE
Reissue the Copy command again using a smaller range of line
numbers and repeat the Copy command until the entire range is
copied.
If you get either
of
the
messages:
%OUT OF ORDER
or
%WRAP AROUND,
the contents of your file are intact, but the line
numbers are not in ascending order.
Renumber your file until you
do not get either of these messages printed.

5-34

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If your first-page-increment causes the lines to be out of order,
SOS chooses another increment and prints its value in the
message:
INCl=first-page-increment
Similarly, if your last-page-increment causes the lines to be out
of order, SOS chooses another increment and prints its value in
the message:
INC2=last-page-increment
Examples
1.

You copy lines 500 through 900 on page 2 to a destination of line
100 on page 1.
SOS provides an increment of 00010 per copied
line.

*C 1 001 1 ,500/2: 900/2 G.B
INC1=00010

*
2.

You copy the contents of three pages from SAMPLE.TXT to TEXT.TXT.
TEXT.TXT now contains four pages instead of one, because the Copy
command will copy the page marks of SAMPLE.TXT along with its
contents •

• SOS TEXT. TXT ~
EDIT: TEXT.TXT

*F' G!D

00100
LINE ONE, PAGE ONE
00200
LINE TWO, PAGE ONE
*C300:::SAMF'LE. TXT IS G!D
C*EGD
SOURCE LINES:/l:/3~
*=. C!B

00200/4

*
When you gave the = (Give)
command in the above example,
it
showed that your current position in the file TEXT. TXT is line
200 on page 4. Your file now contains four pages of text.

5-35

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-36

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.9

DELETE - D COMMAND

Function
The Delete command deletes all the lines in the specified
and prints a message telling you which lines were deleted.

range

Format
*Drange,Y ~
Argument
range

is the range of line numbers/page numbers that you want
to delete from your file.
The range may be one line,
the entire contents of a page, or the contents spanning
many pages.

Options

may be used to eliminate the SOS message:
MASSIVE
DELETE OK?
(Y OR N) when you are deleting the entire
contents of a page or multiple pages.
The Y option
simply supplies the Y response in advance.

Special Cases
If you give a Delete command
prints the message:
MASSIVE DELETE OK?

that

deletes

whole

page,

SOS

(Y OR N)

You can type Y (for Yes) or N (for No).
SOS will
respond with
the ES of YES or the 0 of NO.
If you want SOS to assume a Yes
answer, include the ,Y option in the Delete command.
If you set
the EXPERT option,
this question is not asked and SOS does not
print the message telling which lines it deletes.
If the range includes a page mark, the page mark is deleted and
all subsequent page marks are decremented by 1. Any lines left
on the deleted page are appended to the page where the deletion
started.
When the range does not include a page mark (but does
include a page-number), for example the command D/page-number,
the D command deletes only the contents of the page and not the
page mark.
(Refer to Chapter 3 for a description of the page
mark format.)

5-37

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Also, when a page mark is deleted, any lines left on the deleted
page are appended to the page where the deletion started.
If appended line numbers are not
prints the message:

increasing

order,

SOS

%OUT OF ORDER
Give the Number command to place the line numbers back in order.
Hints
Use the Kill command to delete page marks
text.

without

deleting

any

Restrictions
If there are no lines to delete, SOS prints the message:
%NO SUCH LINES
and prints the asterisk prompt character.
Examples
1.

You delete all lines from line 200 to (and including) line 400 on
the current page (page 4).
*D200:400~

3 LINES (00200/4:00400) DELETED

*
2.

You delete the entire contents of page 3 from your file and then
ask for a printout of page 3.
After the deletion has been
executed, the page mark for page 3 remains but the page is blank.
*[1/3 @)

MASSIVE DELETE OK? (Y OR N): YES
3 LINES (00100/3:00300) DELETED
*P/3 GiD

PAGE 3
3.

You delete from line 300 on page 2 to (and including) line 100 on
page 4 and eliminate the MASSIVE DELETE OK? message with the Y
option. The page mark for page 3 automatically has become the
page mark for page 2. Because the line numbers are out of order,
you then issue the Number command to correct the line-number
sequence.

*D300/2: 100/4, Y GID

7-0UT OF ORDER
5 LINES (00300/2:00100/4) DELETED

*N G!2)
*

5-38

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.10

END - E COMMAND

Function
The End command ends the SO~ session.
The
instructions for saving or not saving your file.

options

give

Format
*Em: filespec G!!:)
Options
is a modifier that can be either a, D, Q, S, or
combination of a and S.

suppresses creation of a backup file with the
extension Qxt: also suppresses the creation of a
backup file with the extension Zxt if the /OLD
option is set.

deletes both the original file (input to SOS)
your edited file (output from SOS).

quits so that all changes to the original file
from the time of the last backup to the present
are lost.

unsequences (that is, strips
the output file.

:filespec

line

numbers

and

from)

is the
file
specification
of
the
output
(destination) file.
This file specification can
consist of the following:
dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ... ]<nnn>
This argument is optional: if it is o~itted, the
current file is used.
(Refer to Chapter 2, Giving
Commands, for a complete description of these file
specifications.)

Hints
To save the file without line numbers, do one of the following:
1.

Place the /UNSEQUENCE option in your SWITCH.INI file.
When
you do, the option automatically applies to every file you
create or edit with SOS.

5-39

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

Include the

/UNSE~UENCE

option in your SOS command:

.SOS/UNSEQUENCE filespec~
3.

Set the /UNSEQUENCE option before you give the End command.

Give the ES command.

After the End command has saved your file, SOS prints the file
specification enclosed in square b~ackets.
If you have not made
any changes to the file since it was last saved, SOS prints the
message:
[NO CHANGES.]
updates the date of the file, then ends the SOS session.
Restrictions
If you give the ED command, SOS will delete both the input file
and the output file.
The ED command cannot have any other
options, such as the Q, S, B, or filnam.ext.
If you specify a file specification of another file which already
exists in your directory when you give the End command, SOS asks
you to confirm the deletion of this currently existing file by
printing:
OUTPUT FILE EXISTS - DELeTE?

(Y O~ N) :

To confirm the new name of your edited file and the deletion of
the existing file, you must reply with a Y (for Yes). You do not
need to press RETURN after typing Y or N; SOS responds with the
ES of YES or the 0 of NO. If your reply is NO, SOS asks for
another name of the file:
FILE:
and you must supply a new file specification. SOS then saves the
contents of the edited file in the file you specify.
In some
conditions,
the
Qxt
backup
file
may
become
write-protected.
SOS ignores the write-protection, creates the
backup file, and prints the message:
%BACKUP FILE PROTECTED - IGNORED
If the file is protected and you cannot overwrite it, SOS prints:
?FILE WRITE PROTECTED, TRY ANOTHER NAME
FILE:
after which you should type a new file specification.

5-40

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If you type an illegal file specification, SOS prints
message:

following

%ILLEGAL COMMAND

*
Your file is
specification.

not

saved

until

you

give

correct

file

Examples
1.

To save your file the first time since creating it, you give
E command.

the

*E~

[DSKC:TEST.AL..GJ

You save your file without line numbers.
*[S~

[DSKB:CHANGE.CBL[27,510J]]

You end the SOS session without saving the changes you have made,
thus restoring the file back to the last backup.
(With the EO
command, as with the ED command, you can not specify any other
option or a file specification.)

You try to save your file in another directory, but
have access privileges to that directory.

you

not

*E: SAMPLE. TXT[27, 23~;J G0
XILLEGAL COMMAND

You now specify a directory that you do
to.
*,E:SAMPLE.TXT[27,5307]~

(DSKB:SAMPLE.TXT(27,5307JJ

5-41

have

access

privileges

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

You start to save your file without line numbers and without a
Oxt backup, specifying the output file as the current file being
edited. SOS asks for confirmation to write over this file
without line numbers and and without creating a Oxt backup file.
*EBS:TRY .FOR ~

OUTPUT FILE EXISTS - [lELETE? (Y OR N):
[[lSKC:TRY.FOR[27,5107]]

'lES

You give the End command when you have made no changes since
last saved the file.

[NO CHANGES.]

5-42

you

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.11

FIND - F COMMAND

Function
The Find command searches for the first occurrence of a string of
characters located within a rang~ of lines. After the characters
are found, SOS prints the line containing them.
Format
*Fstr ing$range ,A,N ,E,number ~

Argument
string

is the string of characters you want to find.
If
you omit the string, SOS uses the string you used
in the last Find command. Uppercase letters match,
lowercase letters and vice versa.
If you want SOS
to find an exact match,
include the
,E option
(below) •

ends the string.
characters.
If
pressing ESCape,
pressing RETURN.

range

specifies where SOS will search for the character
string(s).
If you press ESCape and omit the
range, SOS searches from the current position
through to the end of the file.
If you omit the
starting place from the range, SOS starts at the
next line (Refer to Special Cases below.)

The
you
you

string cannot exceed 200
omit the string and omit
must end the command by

Options

instructs SOS to enter Alter mode after finding
the string. The Alter mode pointer is positioned
before the first character of the string. The ,A
option stays in effect when you give the F$
command for
additional
occurrences
of
the
specified string (refer to Special Cases).

limits the Find command to print just the line
number of a line, eliminating the printing of its
contents. You cannot use both the ,A and the
,N
options at the same time. The,N option stays in
effect when you give a F$ command for additional
occurrences of the specified string
(refer to
Special Cases).

5-43

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

requires an exact match. Uppercase letters match
only
the
corresponding
uppercase
letters;
lowercase letters match only the corresponding
lowercase letters.
You must place the ,E option
after the range, or after the ,A or ,N option if
one is present.
The ,E option stays in effect
when you give a F$ command
for.
additional
occurrences of the specified string
(refer to
Special Cases).

,number

finds that number of lines containing the string.
You can use this option instead of repeating the
Find command many times. The ,number option does
not
stay in effect beyond the current Find
command.

Special Cases
continues finding the next occurrence of the
string
specified
in the last Find command,
starting from the line after the last string found
and proceeding to the end of the range specified
in the last Find command.

*FG!!)

~
*F$~

continues finding the next occurrence of the
string
specified
in the last Find command,
starting from the line after the last string
found,
but proceeding through to the end of the
file.

*Fstr ingt: location G!.!)
finds the first occurrence of the string, starting
from
the next line through to the location
specified
in
the
command.
For
example,
*FITINERARY$:300/4 finds the first occurrence of
ITINERARY located between the next line and line
300 of page 4.

5-44

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Extended Characteristics
*Fstr ingl @)
string2~
string3~

str ing4 QID
string5(RH)
string6$range,A,N,E,number~

The above Find command searches for up to six strings, as long as
the total length of the strings is not more than 200 characters.
This form of the Find command prints the first line that matches
anyone of the strings and then stops.
Hints
with the Find command and the /C128 option set, you can use any
of the Special Matching Characters.
(Refer to the Substitute
command in this chapter and/or Chapter 7, Special Characters
in
Find and Substitute Commands.)
Restrictions
If SOS cannot find the string, it prints the message:
%SEARCH FAILS
and does not change your location in the file.
If the string is not located on the current page, SOS prints
its
page number before printing the line providing you have specified
a range of more than the current page.
If you did not specify a
range of more than one page,
SOS will print the above error
message.
If you do not specify a string and you have not previously
a Find command, SOS prints the message:

given

%NO STRING GIVEN
To find out what the current string is, give the =STRING command.
If you specify a string that exceeds 200
SOS prints the error message:

characters

length,

%STRING TOO LONG
You must then reissue the Find command with fewer
the string.

characters

If you specify more than six strings in the extended
the Find command, SOS prints the error message:

format

the

Find

%TOO MANY STRINGS
and the Find command is canceled.
command with six strings or less.

5-45

You

must

reissue

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If you issue a Find command with the /C128 option set using
incorrect, special-matching characters from those described in
the Substitute command, SOS will print the error message:
%SEARCH STRING TOO COMPLEX
Examples
1.

You search the text below using the Find command
word FIND and alter it to FINDS.

locate

the

*F'100: 200 ~
00100
THE F COMMAND FIND THE FIRST OCCURRENCE
00200
OF CHARACTERS LOCATED WITHIN RANGE OF LINES.
G)

~
*FFIND$100,A QID
00100
THE F COMMAND FINDS THE FIRST OCCURRENCE

4GD
2.

IS~~

You search in lines 100 through 200 for two text strings that
exactly match your typed input, and open the Alter mode to alter
each string so that it is correct.

*FOCCURRENCEQIQ
~J I TH.I N$l 00: 20() ~ A, E ~

GD
00100

THE F COMMAND FINDS THE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF A STRING

00200

W
IOF A STRING~~
OF CHARACTERS LOCATED WITHIN A RANGE OF LINES.

*Pl00: 200 G!D
00100
THE F COMMAND FINDS THE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF A STRING
00200
OF CHARACTERS LOCATED WITHIN A RANGE OF LINES.

5-46

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.12

GO - G COMMAND

Function
The Go command permits you to end an SOS session, save your file,
and perform your last COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command.
You may also execute other TOPS-IO programs, compilers, and
utilities with the Go command by setting the /RUN option before
issuing the Go command.
Format
*Gm: filespec C§)
Options
is a modifier that can be either B, D, 0, S, or
combination of Band S.

suppresses creation of a backup file with the
extension Oxt: also suppresses the creation of a
backup file with the extension Zxt if the /OLD
option is set.

deletes both the original file (input to SOS)
your edited file (output from SOS).

quits so that all changes to the original file
from the time of the last backup to the present
are lost.

unsequences (that is strips line numbers from) the
output file.

:filespec

is the
file
specification
of' the
output
(destination) file.
This file specification can
consist of the following:

and

dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ]<nnn>
This argument is optional: if it is omitted, the
current file is used.
(Refer to Chapter 2, Giving
Commands, for a complete description of these file
specifications.)
Hints
To save the file without line numbers, do one of the following:
1.

Place the /UNSEQUENCE option in your SWITCH.INI file.
When
you do, the option automatically applies to every file you
create or edit with SOS.

5-47

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

Include the /UNSEQUENCE option in your SOS command:
.SOS/UNSEQUENCE filespec GE)

Set the /UNSEQUENCE option before you give the Go command.

Give the GS command.

You may include the /RUN option in your SWITCH.INI file to
indicate the name of the program to which your file will "go"
after giving the Go command.
You can
use
the
command
/RUN:dev:filespec or the option /RUN:filespec. If you do not
specify the device (dev), the SOS default SYS: is used.
Restrictions
If the file you indicate is the current file
replies with the message:

being

edited,

SOS

*G:TEST.ALG G!D
OUTPUT FILE EXISTS - DELETE? (Y OR N):
To confirm that you intend to write over this file, you must
reply with either a Y (for Yes) or a N (for No). You do not need
to press RETURN. SOS responds with ES of YES or 0 of NO.
If
your reply is N, SOS asks for a new name of the file:
FILE:
and you supply a new file ·specification. SOS will then save
contents of the current file in the file you specify.

the

In some
conditions,
the
Qxt
backup
file
may
become
write-protected.
SOS will create or write over the backup file
and, in addition, print the message:
%BACKUP FILE PROTECTED - IGNORED
If the file is 'protected and you cannot overwrite it, SOS prints:
?FILE WRITE PROTECTED.
FILE:

TRY ANOTHER NAME

after which you should specify a new file specification.
If you type an illegal file specification, SOS prints:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND

*
If you give the Go command without setting the /RUN option or you
have not previously given an EXECUTE, COMPILE, LOAD, or DEBUG
command at TOPS-IO command level for your file, the system
returns the TOPS-IO error message:
?CMLNPC NO PREVIOUS COMMAND

5-48

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
The following two examples show two basic methods used
Go command.
1.

with

the

You compile a FORTRAN program source file at TOPS-IO command
level, but find errors in the source code.
You the edit the file
using the Substitute command and issue the Go command with no
arguments.
SOS defaults to the last COMPILE command •

•COMF'ILE NUMBEF< + F()F~ ~
FORTRAN: NUMBER
00080
TIPE 104,X,Y
?FTNNRC LINE:00080 STATEMENT NOT RECOGNIZED
?FTNFTL

MAIN.

1 FATAL ERRORS AND NO WARNINGS

.S08 NUMBER. FOR ( \{1.2)
EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
*STIPEiTYPE
C~l~

r': *

GD CiiO

00060
00080
*G CtillJ

103

FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
TYPE 104,X,Y

[DSKC:NUMBER.FORC27,5107]]
FORTRAN: NUMBER
MAIN.

5-49

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

You perform the same edit on the source program file and then set
the IRUN option specifying the system program that will process
your file when you give the Go command. You give a Go command
(GBS:NUM.FOR) that suppresses the creation of a backup file,
removes the line numbers, and specifies a new file specification
for your source program code •
• SOS NUMBEF~. FOR GID
EDIT: NUMBER.FOR
*STIPE$ fYPE$'o,: ~

GO GD

00060
00080

103

FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
TYPE 104,X,Y

*/F~UN: SYS: F()RTF~A ~
*GBS : NUM • FOR G!D

[DSKC!NUM.FORJ
FORTF~AN: NUM
MAIN.
LINI{!
LOADING
[LNKXCT NUM EXECUTION]
PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.
4~:j~

YOU TYPED THE NUMBER
TWICE
45.0000000 IS

45.0000000
90.0000000

END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.12 ELAPSED TIME; 4.00
EXIT

5-50

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.13

HELP - H COMMAND

Function
The Help command prints on your terminal a summary of all
commands, options, and additional information about 50S.

SOS

Format
*H
Restrictions
If your system does not have a HELP file for SOS, SOS prints
following error message:

the

%I'M SORRY I CAN'T HELP YOU
Example

Summar~

of SOS commands

~V21(134)

l-APR-78

LCG/SDG

Alter [<range>J
nC<ch> Change n characters
-nD
Delete next/previous characters
E
Finish with no printing
nI<text>$ Insert with temporar~ increment n
J
Break line and stick rest at front of next
-nK<ch> Delete to n occurrences of <ch>
L
Print line and recycle
P
Print line and recycle to current position
Q
Quit ALTER (restore original line)
-nR<text>$ Delete n char. then Insert text
-nS<ch> Search forward/backward for n occurrence of <ch>
nV
(Optional) inVert case for n char's or to end of word
nW
Skip forward n words
X<text>$ Delete word then Insert text
n(SP>
Space forward n characters
<RET> Finish and print rest of line
n<DEL> Backspace n characters
Backspace n characters
n<BS>
-<TAB> Skip to end/start of line
~U
Quit and restart ALTER

5-51

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Cop~

.. w

n
S

F
G
H
I

J
Je
c- .... C
l..

t<
U
W

K
L.
M
N
NA
NP
P

R
S

[<destination>,<ran~e>J

or [<destination>=<filnam.ext>,(ranse)J
or [<destination)=(filnam.ext)/SJ
Delete [(ranSe>,YJ (,y for massive deletions)
End r<m>:<filnam.ext>J
Suppress .Qxt/.Zxt file creation
Delete both input/outPut to SOS
Quit (restore to ori~inal file)
Unse~uence output file
Find C<strin~>$<ran~e),<options>J
or
[<strin~1> thru (string6)$(range),(options)J
Go [(m>:(filnam.ext>J
(End and do last Load-class command)
Help (t~pes this text)
Insert [(position>,(increment>]
Join C{position>]
Justif~ (Optional) C(c><ranse)]
Justif~ center
Justif~ - flush left
Justif~ - flush ri~ht
Justif~ and fill
Justif~J word
Kill [/(psge-number)J
List (on LPT) [<range),S] (,S for no line no's)
Mark [<position>]
Number [{increment>,<ran~e>,(start>]
Add (increment> to <range)
Preserve line numbers over pa~e marks
Print [(ran~e>,SJ (,5 for no line no's)
Range C<ranse),(increment>]
Substitute (strinS>$<new-string>$<range),(options)].
Of'

[<string1> thru (string6>$
<new-strinSl> thru <new-strin~6)$
(ran~e>,(options>]

Vc
C

:~:

l..

U
V

x
@

/
<l..F>

{CTF\L/U>

Transfer [(destination),<:range>]
inVert (Optional) [<c)(range)]
Invert uppercase to lowercase
Invert lowercase to uppercase
Invert upper to lower/lower to upper
World (Save-the-World,
same as [, but doesn't end SOS)
eXtend [(ranSe),S] (,S suppresses t~peout)
Move pointer [<position)]
Indirect [{:filnam.ext)J
Giv£~ [<option>]
Set r<option>:<value>J
P.t1 (Print next line)
P.-l (Print previous line)
(Delete one character)
(StopSOS) (Yes? T~pe H for Help)
( Cance I 80S comlTlsnd)
(Print line without line number)
(Erase and ret~pe current line)

**** Optional commands must be assembled for

5-52

~our

SOS

****

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
SOS
name

Options:

(Y for Yes, N for No)

set(/) print(=)

BAK
Y
BASIC
Y
BIG
N
C64
Y
C128
Y
CASE
N
DECIDE
Y
DELETE
Y
N
DISK
DPY
Y
ERROR
N
EXPERT
Y
INCREMENT Y
ISAVE
Y
LENGTH
Y
LMAR
Y
N
LOCATION
LOWER
Y
M33
Y
M37
Y
MAXLN
Y
NAME
Y
NOBAK
Y
NODECIDE
Y
NODELETE
Y
NONSEPARATORS
NONUMBER
Y
NOVICE
Y
NUMBER
Y
OLD
Y
OPTION
Y
• (Period) N
PLINES
Y
PMAR
Y
READONLY
Y
RMAR
Y
RUN
Y
SAVE
Y
SEPARATORS Y
SEQUENCE
Y
START
Y
Y
STEP
STRING
N
UNSEQUENCE Y
UPPER
Y

Y
N
Y

default

meanin~

On
Off

CASE
CASE

Y
Y
Y
Y
CASE

Y
N

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
CASE
CASE
CASE

Y
Y
BAK
DECIDE
DELETE
Y

N
N
N

N
N
Y
Y
Y
N

Y
Y
Y
CASE

Y
Y
Y
Y
SEa
CASE

Create backup file <.Oxt)
Edit BASIC pro~ram
Print lar~est pa~e no.
On
64 character set
Off
128 character set
Give case information
Off
Auto ,D for S command
Off
Delete input/outPut file
Disk ~uota information
Off
VT05 terminal twpe
Print last error messa~e
Expert assumption
Off
100
Default line increment
o
Auto-Save for insertion
Printed lines/pa~e
55
1
Left mar~in
Fir~t line in SOS buffer
Input lowercase chrs
Off
On
Terminal characteristics
Off
Terminal characteristics
99999
Maximum line numbers
input
Output file specification
No backup file creation
Off
No auto ,D for S cmd.
On
On
No delete of 1/0 files
On %,$,. not punctuation
CASE
No line no. printin~
Off
On
Normal mode assumption
Print line numbers
On
Off
Create <.Zxt> backup file
Set options in SWITCH.INI
Print current <position>
Number lines bw P(RET>
16
Parasraph mar~in
1
Off
Read file onlw, no edits
69
Risht mar~in
SYS:COMPIL Set run specifications
o
Auto-Save for editins
Off
%,$,. are punctuation
On
Se~uence output file
100
First line number seauence
100
Se~uence & increment lines
Current F & S strings
Off
Unse~uence output file
Input uppercasechrs.
On

DECIDE Mode (,D option of S command) Commands:
<SP>
(DEL>
A

G
Q

To
To
To
To
To
To

accept this substitution.
reject this substitution.
do this substitution, then enter Alter mode.
reject substitution and return to Edit mode.
accept this substitution and all others.
auit substitutions and Decide NOW.

5-53

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
SOS (options) of the Find and Substitute Com~ands:
(option)
,A
,D
,N
,E
,number

Heanins:
Enter Alter mode (F co~mand onl~)
Give Decide mode commands (S command onl~)
Suppress t~peout of line (~ and S command)
Exact match of upper/lower case (F and S command)
Inteser value for number of lines (F and S command)

SOS Special Characters (for Find & Substitute commands):
Ref' 1 acen,ent:

Hatch:

"'Ie

"'0

next match strirlS
'*<number}'* is n'th match strins
Quote neHt character

'"'E
'"'N

'r.

not

""T

an~

.•

nun,ber of
character
QI.Jote ne>,t character
separator
arbitrar~

S~mbols:

SOS Position

present line or paSe
first line or pase
last line or pase

80S Definitions and Meaninss:

(rar,se>
<position>
<line>
<paSe>
<content>
<destination>
<numb£·~ Y'

·.-.....
.. ·.....

<position)[!(number) or :(position)J

- [(line-number>][/(pase-number>]
- [<number) or <content) or

·.--.
·......·..-·.......-

• or * or -][(+-)<number)]
[<number) or • or * or '"'][(+-)(number)]
$<strins>$<ranSe>,<options>
<position>
(an~

positive integer .LE.

2~35-1)

strins of characters)
(200 maximum with F & 8 commands)
(497 maHimum per line contents)

(an~

5-54

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
50S Monitor Command Format:
.SOS /options filnam.ext
.505 filnam.ext/options
.R SOS-/options filnam.ext
.R SOS-filnam.ext/options
<fi lnaft',. ext>

or
or
or

::= (filename and file extension)
or
<filna2.ext>=(filna3.ext>
where: (filnam.ext> = file to create/edit
<filna2.ext> = output file
(filna3.ext> = input file

::= [dev:J[filnamJ[.extJ[<path>J[<prot>J[<ke~>]

··.-.._.
·..--

<prot>

[-J
[pr,psJ
[pr,ps,sfdJ
["sfdJ

defa l.Jl t

<nnn>

octal protection code

pr·~n

full path specification
use owrl ppn

«uP to 20 characters»
80S:

path

onl~

encr~ption

ke~

Insufficient Disk Space - WELL?
Commands:

(No GI.JeJ rantees! )

G - do the output (now and forever>.
T - test disk space and do outPI.Jt
if space available.
R - sive resources and do output
if space available.
W - wait until either space appears or
a different response.
[End of 808.HLf'J

5-55

~ou

t~pe

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-56

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.14

INSERT - I COMMAND

Function
The Insert command starts Input mode for one or more lines.
If
you insert more than one line, you must press ESCape to leave
Input mode.
Format
*Iposition,increment~

or
*Ipositioniincrement~

or
*Ipositioni!number~

Argument
position

is the position of the line you want to insert.
If the line already exists, SOS selects a line by
adding the current value of the INCREMENT option
to the indicated line number. If the resulting
line also exists, then SOS chooses a line halfway
between the indicated line and the next line in
the file.
To insert a line at the very top of a page, use
the up-ar~ow (~) ; e.g. I~. SOS chooses a line
halfway between line 0 and the first line in the
page.
To
insert
a
new
page
mark,
use
a
position/page-number format, where page-number is
the current page. SOS starts inserting a new page
immediately
after
the
indicated page.
SOS
automatically increments subsequent page marks by
one.

Option
,increment

is the numeric increment SOS uses for creating new
lines during execution of the current and further
Insert commands. The, (comma) increment changes
the value of the INCREMENT option. Further Insert
commands will use this increment by default for as
long as lines can be inserted on that page. You
may choose to stop inserting lines by pressing
ESCape.

5-57

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
,increment

is the numeric increment SOS uses for cr%ating new
lines during execution of the current Insert
command. The, (semicolon) increment does not
change the value of the INCREMENT option beyond
the command itself. Further Insert commands will
use the value of the INCREMENT option (default is
100) if an increment is not specified in the
command.

ilnumber

specifies the number of lines to insert following
the position.
SOS increments the lines using a
table of increment values that are within the SOS
source-program. The table values ~re 1, 2, 5, 10,
20, and 100. SOS determines which increment value
to use by examining the line number following the
position and the number you specified.
Line
numbers
are
inserted
until
the number is
exhausted, until the increment is exhausted, or
until you press ESCape to end the insertion.

Hints
To start inserting on a new page, give the Insert command with a
page number position, not a line number position. SOS will
increment each new line with the INCREMENT option value.
Restrictions
If you indicate a nonexistent page number,
command and prints the following message:

SOS

cancels

the

%NO SUCH PAGE
If you try to insert an existing line when SOS cannot fit a line
between the existing line and the next line in the file, SOS
cancels the command and prints the message:
%ILLEGAL REPLACEMENT ON INSERT

5-58

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You insert three lines and then stop Input mode
ESCape. The default increment of 100 is assumed.

pressing

*1500 ~
00500
THIS TEXT IS ON LINE 500 ~
00600
THIS TEXT IS ON LINE 600~
00700
THIS TEXT IS ON LINE 700~
00800
$

*
2.

You insert six lines immediately after the existing line 300 on
page 3.
By specifying an increment of , (comma) 10, you have
changed the value of the INCREMENT option.
*:::INC GIi)
00100
*1300/3, 10 ~
00310
BOSWORTH ~
00320
REDCORTG!.D
00330
MULL.EN GD
00340
FOXHILL~
003~jO

BEL.KNAF'~

00360
00370

MILLWOOD ~
$

*:::INC GIi)
00010

*
3.

You insert a line at the top of page 4.
*1'"'/4 GIi)

00050

THIS PF<OGRAM CONVERTS FROM POUNDS TO KILOGRAMS. QID

You start a new page after the existing page 2, the current page.
*P*/2 ~

00900

THIS IS THE LAST LINE ON PAGE 2.

*1/. ~

00100
00200
00300

THIS L.INE IS THE FIRST LINE ON THE THIRD F'AGEG!::D
OF THE F 1 LE. QID
$

5-59

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-60

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.15

JOIN - J COMMAND

Function
The Join command joins two consecutive lines together
by
appending the contents of the second line onto the end of the
first.
After appending the second line, SOS deletes it from the
file.
Format
*Jposi tion G:0:)
Argument
position

is the first line to which the next consecutive
line will be appended.
For example, the command
*J200 will join line number 300 to 200 and delete
300 from the file
(assuming the SOS increment
default of 100).

Restrictions
If joining the two lines creates a line containing more than
characters, SOS prints:

497

%LINE TOO LONG
and does not join the lines.
If the line is the last line on the page or the last line in
file, SOS prints:

the

%NO NEXT LINE
and cancels the command.
Example
1.

You print lines 100 and 200 and then join the line
line number 200 to the end of line number 100.

*00100
P100: 200
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE
~

00200

- THIS IS THE SECOND.

*Jl00~

*F'100:200 ~
00100
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE - THIS IS THE SECOND.

5-61

contents

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-62

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.16

JUSTIFICATION - JC, JL, JR, JU, JW COMMANDS

Function
The Justification commands are optional SOS commands and must
assembled for your installation of SOS.

The Justification
commands
allow
you
to
perform
text
justification
(text arrangement)
when you are editing a text
file.
A text file contains information such as the contents of a
book.
When this command is in effect, the LENGTH, LMAR, PMAR, and RMAR
options can be changed in value and will have an effect during an
SOS session. The MAXLN option may also have some effect, if the
text file exceeds its option value (99999 by default).
Format
*Jcrange CE:D
Argument
must be a C, L, R, U, or W, and must accompany the
J
command.
If
they
are
not
used,
the
Justification command becomes a Join command.

centers the text lines specified by the range
between the LMAR value and the RMAR value.
Spaces
are padded from the left margin to center the
lines.

justifies the text lines specified by the range so
that each line starts at the left margin.

justifies the text lines specified by the range so
that each line ends at the right margin.

justifies and fills the text lines specified by
the range so that each line will fill the number
of positions in the line. The number of positions
is determined by RMAR-LMAR+l = line length. When
the JU command is executing,
the line numbers,
carriage returns,
and linefeeds in the range are
ignored.

justifies by word, but does not fill with spaces,
the text lines specified by the range so that each
line will be justified to the value of the LMAR
option.
If the next word cannot fit on the line,
the word becomes the first word on the next line
in the range. There is no justified right margin.
When the JW command is executing, the
line
numbers, carriage returns, and linefeeds in the
range are ignored.

5-6;3

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
range

specifies the range of text lines you want to
justify.
If the range specified is the argument
of the JU or JW command, only the specified lines
are justified up to the first line that exceeds
the MAXLN value. These two commands will
insert
line numbers and/or renumber the file.
(Refer to the examples for a better
of how these commands work.)

understanding

Restrictions
If a text line exceeds the right margin
(RMAR)
value during
execution of the JC, JL, or JR commands, SOS prints the following
error message for each text line in the range:
%LINE TOO LONG
If for some reason the right margin
(RMAR)
value becomes less
than the left margin
(LMAR)
value, SOS will print the error
message:
%MARGIN ERROR
and justification will not take place.
Examples
The following examples illustrate the Justification commands
using the text taken from the first two paragraphs of this
section of Chapter 5.
The first two lines illustrate the
positions of the text characters with various values of the LMAR,
PMAR, and RMAR options.
1.

The following example shows the file as it was created.
+ 80S JUST + MEM ~
Edit: JUST.MEM

*P/l G!D

Pase 1
00010
11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
00020
00030
00040
The Justification commands
are optional 80S commands
00050
00060
and must be assembled for
OOOlO
~our installation of SOS.
00080
00090
Thf~ Justi fication cOlTlmands
allow ~ou to perform text
00100
00110
Justification (text
arrangement) when ~ou are
00120
00130
editing a text file.
A te~·~t file
00140
00150
contains information
00160
such as the contents of a
00170
book.
*IRMAR: 50 G2:)

*
5-64

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Line 00030 contains all spaces and a carriage return. Line 00080
contains
a TAB and a carriage return.
For demonstration
purposes, the RMAR value has been set to 50. LMAR and PMAR have
their default value of 1. MAXLN will remain at its default value
of 99999, and the LENGTH option will remain at 55.
2.

The following example illustrates the JC command for the range of
lines 30 through 170:
*JC30:170 ~
*F'/l ~

Pase 1
00010
00020
00030
00040
000:::;0
00()60
00070
00080

11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
The Justification commands
are optional 80S commands
and must be assembled for
~our installation of SOS.

OO()(,O

The Justification commands
allow ~ou to perform text
Justification (text
arrangement) when ~ou are
editing a text file.
A te~·~t fi Ie
contains information
such as the contents of a
book.

00100
00110
00120
001 :~O
00140
00l~;0

00160
00170

*
In the above example, each line is centered in the file.
are added to the left margin for center justification.
3.

Spaces

In this example, the JL command justifies this text file to the
left margin as it was in-the first example. The only difference
will be LMAR with a value of 5.
*/LMAR:5 ~
*JL30:170 GD

*P/l GB

Page 1
0001·0
00020
00030
00040
00050
00060
00070
00080
00090
00100
00110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
00170

11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
The Justification commands
are optional SOS commands
and must be assembled for
~our installation of SOS.
The Justification commands
allow YOU to perform text
Justification (text
arrangement) when ~ou are
editin9 a text file.
A text file
contains information
such as the contents of a
book.

*
5-65

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
with the LMAR option set to 5, each line will start at that
position.
Each line ends with a carriage return after the last
word.

In this example, the JR command is used with the RMAR option
to 50.

set

*/RMAR:50~

*JR30:170 ~
*P/1 ~
Page 1
00010
00020
00030
00040
00050
00060
00070
00080
00090
00100
00110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
00170

11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
The Justification commands
are optional SOS commands
and must be assembled for
your installation of SOS.
The Justification commands
allow you to perform text
Justification (text
arran~ement) when you are
editing a text file.
A text file
contains information
such as the contents of a
book.

In the example above, each line ends at the RMAR option value
50, and spaces are padded to the left of each line.

In this example of the JU command, the PMAR option is set to
RMAR is set to 50, and LMAR is set to 5.

10,

*/PMArn 10 ~
*/RMAR:50~

*/LMAR:5 ~
*JU30: 170 GD
*P/1 ~
Page 1
00010
00020
00030
00040
000~:55

00067
0008;·5
00101
00120
00140

11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
The Justification commands are optional
SOS commands and must be assembled for
your
installation of SOS.
The Justification commands allow ~ou to
perform text Justification (text arrangement)
when ~ou are editing a text file.
A text file
contains information such as the contents of a
book.

*
In the example above, the JU command justified the text file and
added spaces between words to fill the entire length of the line
(RMAR-LMAR+l=line length). Any word that ends with period
(.),
question-mark
(?), or exclamation (1) may have additional spaces
padded to it to fill out the line.

5-66

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
The JU command deletes line numbers and creates new line numbers
when the contents of the line_ can be appended to the line
preceding it.
For example, the first line (00030)
was expanded
to include the contents of lines 00040, line 00040 became the
contents of lines 00050 and 00060.
The remainder of line 70
became line 00055, etc.
The indentation of the first line of a paragraph is determined by
the following conditions:
1.

a TAB as the first character of a line, or

a line filled with spaces, or

a page mark, or

the beginning or ending of the specified range.

Line 00030 in example 3 contained a carriage return and also was
the beginning of the range.
Line 00080 contained a TAB and a
carriage return indicating a new paragraph.
Therefore, a new
paragraph was created when the JU command used the contents of
lines 00090 through 00170.
If the specified range had exceeded the value of the MAXLN
option, the JU command would have stopped at the point before the
first line that exceeded the value. Any remaining lines would
remain in their original context and format.
If a TAB is encountered as the first character of a paragraph,
the TAB will become the first character of the paragraph and the
PMAR option value is ignored.
In the example above,
the first
character
in the second paragraph started in position 9, since a
TAB preceded it.
6.

In this example, the JW command is used on the text file as it
appears in the first example of this section. The JW command
will fill the contents with blanks (or spaces) when the next word
it encounters cannot fit into the line being created.
*/PMAF~: 10 ~
*/LMAR:5 ~
Ir~MAR: 50 G!D

*JW30:170~

*F'/I @)
F'a~jf:~

00010
00020
00030
OO()40
00055
0006"7
00083
00101
00120
00140

11111111112222222222333333333344444444445
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
The Justification commands are optional
SOS commands and must be assembled for your
installation of SOS.
The Justification commands allow ~ou to
perform text Justification (text arran~ement)
when ~ou are editinS a text file.
A text file
contains information such as the contents of a
book.

5-67

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
In the example above, the JW command justifies each line to the
value of the LMAR and PMAR options; and does not fill each line
with blanks as the JU command does. The exception is that the JW
command treats words ending with a period (.), question- mark
(?), or exclamation (1) the same as the JU command.
Additional
words from each preceding line are added to the previous line to
justify that line.
If the word is too long to fit,
it becomes
the beginning word of the next line. Since line numbers are
ignored, line number insertion is done at random increments.

CAUTION
If you assemble your installation of SOS
so that this command is operational, it
is recommended that you practice using
the Justification commands since they
may produce some unpredicitable results
when the LMAR, PMAR, and RMAR options
have been reset from their
default
values.

5-68

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.17

KILL - K COMMAND

Function
The Kill command deletes the indicated page mark and appends the
page contents onto the previous page; that is, the Kill command
deletes only the page mark, not the contents of the page.
Format
*K/page-number~

Argument
page-number is the number of the page mark you want deleted.
Hint
The Kill command is the only command that deletes just a page
mark.
The D command is capable of deleting both page marks and
text.
Restrictions
If any of the line numbers following the page mark match or are
smaller than the line numbers on the page to which they are
appended, SOS prints the message:
%OUT OF ORDER
To renumber the lines, give the Number command.
If you specify a page number that does not exist, SOS prints
message:

the

%NO SUCH PAGE
and returns you to SOS command level.
Examples
1.

The following text file will
command:
*P G!D

used

00100

THIS IS PAGE ONE FOR THE K COMMAND

00100

THIS IS PAGE TWO FOR THE K COMMAND

PAGE 2
PAGE 3

00100

THIS IS PAGE THREE FOR THE K COMMAND

PAGE 4
00100

THIS IS PAGE FOUR FOR THE K COMMAND

5-69

illustrate

the

Kill

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

You kill the page mark for PAGE 4 and then renumber the file.

"OUT OF ORDER
*N~

You attempt to kill the same page mark again and
message:
%NO SUCH PAGE.

get

the

error

"NO SUCH PAGE

*
4.

You set the SOS session to EXPERT mode and continue to kill all
additional page marks. Note that page mark 2 is the first page
mark in the file, thus the command K/I is illegal.

*/EXPERT GID
*K/3 G!])

"ORDER
*.K/2~

"ORDER
*N~

*K/l~

"NSF'

*=ERROR~

"NO SUCH PAGE
*P/l GID

PAGE 1
00100
00200
00300
00400

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS F'AGE ONE FOR THE K COMMAND
IS PAGE TWO FOR THE K COMMAND
IS PAGE THREE FOR THE K COMMAND
IS PAGE FOUR FOR THE K COMMAND

5-70

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

LIST - L COMMAND

5.18

Function
The List command prints on the line printer, without ending SOS,
the range of lines specified in the command. After you give the
List command, your current position is after the last line
printed.
Format
*Lrange,S ~
Argument
range

specifies which lines SOS prints.
prints the entire file.

If omitted, SOS

Option

stops SOS from printing
and page numbers.

line

numbers,

headings,

Hints
To make the line printer listing more readable, SOS gives each
page a heading that includes the name of the file, the time and
date of the printing, and a page number.
Each SOS page starts a
new line printer page.
Page numbers have the form s-l:
s is the
SOS page number, 1 is the sub-page number of that SOS page.
If
it takes 4 line printer pages to print SOS page 4, the pages are
numbered 4, 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3.
Remember, to eliminate the headings,
line numbers,
numbers, use the ,S option of the List command.

and

page

Restrictions
When you give the List command, the system attempts to print the
specified contents on any available printer.
If no line printer
is available at that time, the operator of the system must issue
a command to continue the request for a line printer.

5-71

50S COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
It is recommended, for best results, that you spool your
to avoid any possible problems with the List command.

CJD

output,

• SET 'SPOOL' LPT
• 80S ~;AMPL.E. TXT~)
EDIT: SAMF'LE.TXT

*1.. ~ S(
*

I{fT )

In this example, the List command will spool your output
will print when a line printer becomes available.

and

Examples
1.

*L100 ~

*
When this List command is executed, the printed output on the
line printer appears as follows.
The headings give the file name
(LIST.EXP), the current date and time, and the page number.
LIST.EXP

00100
2.

22-JUL-77

14:39:03

PAGE 1

THE L COMMAND LISTS A RANGE OF LINES

*l~~)

*
When this List command is executed, the
line printer appears as follows:

printed

22-JUL-77

14:43:58

LIST.EXP

00100
00200
00300
00400
3.

output

the

PAGE 1

THE L COMMAND LISTS A RANGE OF LINES
ON THE LINE PRINTER.
IF YOU DO NOT SPECIFY A RANGE,
THE SYSTEM LISTS THE ENTIRE FILE.

ltL,S(~~)

When this List command is executed, the
line printer appears as follows:
THE L COMMAND LISTS A RANGE OF LINES
ON THE LINE PRINTER.
IF YOU DO NOT SPECIFY A RANGE,
THE SYSTEM LISTS THE ENTIRE FILE.

5-72

printed

output

the

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.19

MARK - M COMMAND

Function
The Mark command inserts a new page mark immediately before the
specified line.
Your position is now the first line of a new
page.
(Refer to Chapter 3 for a description of the page mark
format.)
After inserting the page mark, SOS renumbers the subsequent
pages;
lines retain their numbers, but each page number
increases by 1. For example, if your file has 5 pages and you
insert a new page mark in the middle of page 3, the new page mark
is page 4, the old page 4 is now page 5, and the old page 5 is
now page 6.
Pages 1 and 2 remain the same.
Format
*Mline-number/page-number ~
Argument
line-number

is the line number before which SOS inserts the
page mark. -If omitted, SOS uses the first line on
the page.

Option
/page-number

is the number of the page where the line is
located.
If omitted, SOS uses the current page.

Special Cases
If the line does not exist, SOS inserts the page mark on the
indicated page just before the line with the next lower number.
If the line is the first on the page, SOS inserts the new page
mark after the existing page mark.
Thus,
the lines on the
existing page now have their page number increased by 1.
Hints
The I/page-number command inserts a page mark and then allows you
to insert lines, whereas the Mark command only allows you to
insert the page mark.
To review how to delete a page mark, refer to the Kill command.
Restrictions
If the Mark command specifies a page-number that does not
SOS prints the message:
%NO SUCH PAGE
and does not attempt to insert a page mark.

5-73

exist,

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

The following text file is used to illustrate the
(notice that, at present, it is a one-page file):

,. SOS MARK. TXT GO
E[lIT: MARK. TXT
*PG!!)
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE,
THIS IS LINE ONE,
00200
THIS IS LINE ONE,
00300
00400
THIS IS LINE ONE,
*
2.

Mark

command

PAGE ONE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
PAGE TWO FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
PAGE THREE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
PAGE FOUR FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

You mark line number 200 on page 1 as the page mark for
page, page 2, and then you print the contents of page 2.

new

*M200/1 CBD
*F'/2 C!!D

PAGE 2
00200
00300
00400

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE TWO FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE THREE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE FOUR FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

*
3.

You mark line number 300 as the next page in your file.
After
marking the line, SOS is now at the beginning of page 3. You
print the contents of page 3.
*M300~
*:P/3~

PAGE 3
00300
00400

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE THREE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE FOUR FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

*
4.

You mark line number 400 as the next page in
number 400 is now the first line on page 4.

your

file.

*M400QIG

*
5.

After renumbering your file, it appears as follows:

*N C!ID
*P/'"':/*GB

PAGE 1

00100

PAGE 2
00100

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE ONE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE TWO FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

PAGE 3
00100

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE THREE FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

00100

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE FOUR FOR M COMMAND EXAMPLE.

PAGE 4

5-74

Line

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.20

NUMBER - N COMMAND

Function
The Number command renumbers the line numbers within your file.
If you issue a Number command without any of its options
(described below), SOS defaults to a starting line number of 100
for each page in your file with increments of 100.
Format
*Nxincrement,range,starting-number ~
Options

to
Extended
can be
A
or
P.
(Refer
Characteristics below for a description of
either the A or P option.)

increment

is the number SOS adds to calculate each
succeeding line number. This number will also
be the first line number if the starting-number
option is not used with this command.
If you
omrt the increment number, it defaults to 100.

,range

is the range of lines you want SOS to renumber.
The range may be from a few lines to multiple
pages.
If the range is omitted, SOS renumbers
the entire file.

,starting-number

is the number SOS assigns to
the
first
renumbered line.
If it is omitted, SOS uses
the increment number.

Special Cases
There are cases where line numbers can get out of sequential
order.
While renumbering your file,
SOS never reorders the
actual line contents of your file, just the line numbers.
The
paragraphs below describe the circumstances and remedies for
out-of-order line numbers.
Hints
You will probably need to give
delete a page mark.
(Refer
command.)

5-75

the Number command after you
to the Restrictions of the Kill

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Restrictions
%OUT OF ORDER
Whenever SOS prints the above error message, your file has at
least one page (if not more) with line numbers that are not in an
increasing order. You should use the Number command to eliminate
the confusion.
When you kill page marks in files that have many pages or are
extremely large in content, the %OUT OF ORDER error message may
appear again after you issue a Number command.
You should
continue to issue the Number command as many times as necessary
unt~l the %OUT OF ORDER message no longer appears.
%WRAP AROUND
If you increment a page or pages of your file with an increment
that does not leave enough line numbers between 0 and 99999 for
the contents of that page, SOS nevertheless attempts to keep
adding the increment to produce the next line number. But, if
the resulting line number is greater the 99999, SOS subtracts
100000 to yield the line number it uses. This action is referred
to as WRAP AROUND. You can correct it by giving another Number
command with a smaller increment.
Extended Characteristics
*NAincrement, range ~
NA adds an increment to a given range of line numbers.
This is
useful when you want to shift a block of line numbers, but
preserve the low-order digits.
In this example, you print the contents of your file, then
renumber the file as a block of line numbers, each beginning with
10000 plus its original line number.

PAGE 1
00100
ONE
00200
TWO
00300
THREE
O()4()0
FOUR
005()0
FIVE
00600
SIX
*NA10000,/1 G:I)

*P/lCiliTJ
PAGE 1
10100
10200
10300
1()400
10500
10600

ONE
TWO
THREE
FOUR

rIVE
SIX

5-76

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

*NPincrement,range,starting-number ~
NP renumbers your file in one continuing sequence; that is, SOS
does not reset the line number to the SOS default of 100 at the
beginning of each page.
In this example, you mark line 10400 (from the previous example)
to begin page 2 and then you renumber the entire file. Printing
the file shows two pages with duplicate line numbers.
You
renumber the lines of both pages so there are no duplicate line
numbers.
*Ml040() ~
*N@)
*P/l:/2@)

PAGE 1
00100
00200
0030()

ONE

TWO
THI~~EE

PAGE 2
00:1. O()

FOUI~~

002()O
FIVE
003()()
SIX
*NF'l()()'/:L t/2 GID
*P/l :/2 @)

PAGE 1
00100
00200

ONE
TWO

O()~30()

THF~EE

PAGE 2
00400

FOUr;:

OO~)()O

FIVE

O()6()O

SIX

5-77

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You kill page mark 2 and receive the error message:
%OUT OF
ORDER.
By typing the Number command with the SOS default of 100,
you correct the situation.
*P/1 :/2@)

PAGE 1
00100
00200
00300

ONE
TWO
THREE

PAGE 2
00100
FOUR
00200
FIVE
00300
SIX
*1</2 G!i)

r.OUT OF ORDER
*N~
*P/1~

PAGE 1
00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600

ONE
TWO
THREE
FOUR
FIVE
SIX

*
2.

You renumber the entire file
starting line number of 75.

N2 5 , 11 , 75 00
*P/l GD
PAGE 1
00075
00100
00125
00150
00175
00200

ONE
TWO
THREE
FOUR
FIVE
SIX

5-78

with

increments

25,

and

50S COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

PRINT - P COMMAND

5.21

Function
The Print command prints a line or range of lines within your
file.
If the range extends to a new page or pages, the
page-mark(s) are also printed.
Format
*Prange,S ~
Options
range

is the range of lines you want SOS to print on your
terminal.
The
range may be a single line number, a
per iod (.), a up-ar row ('''), an aster isk
(*),
or
the
range may extend from a
beginning line number/page
number through an ending line number/page number.

specifies that you do not want the line numbers to
print.
When using this option, you must press RETURN
once after the S and then press RETURN again after
the
lines have printed to get the SOS prompt character (*)
to reappear on your terminal.

Hints
If you do not specify a range, SOS prints a group of lines as
specified by the value of the PLINES option.
The default for
this option is 16.
Pressing Linefeed (LF) prints the next line within your file.
Pressing ESCape (ESC) prints the previous line within your file.
Restrictions
%NO SUCH LINE(S)
Whenever SOS prints the above error message on your terminal, you
have specified a range of lines that does not exist within your
file.
This message will also appear if you press either LF or
ESC when the pointer
is at
the end of your file or at the
beginning, respectively.
If you specify a range of lines that begins with a line number
that does exist to a line number that does not exist, no error
message will appear and only those lines that exist will print on
your terminal.

5-79

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

You print line number 100 and the following line.
*F'100! 2 GiQ
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE ONE
00200
THIS IS LINE TWO, PAGE ONE

*
2.

You press (LF> and print the next line within your file.

*GQ

00300

THIS IS LINE THREE, PAGE ONE

*
3.

You press (ESC> and print the previous line within your file.
*l~

00200

THIS IS LINE TWO, PAGE ONE

*
4.

You attempt to print line number 400, which does not exist.
*F'400 0::0

i.:NO SUCH LINE(S)

*
5.

You print a range of line and page numbers. The page marks and
contents of page 1 and page 2 print on your terminal. Page 3
does not exist and there is no error message.

*P /1 ! / 3 (~,~~/
PAGE 1
00100
00200
00300

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE ONE
THIS I C'..1 LINE TWO, PAGE ONE
THIS 1<"' LINE THREE, PAGE ONE
,;)

PAGE 2
00100
00200
00300

THIS IS LINE ONE, PAGE TWO
THU3 IS LINE TWO, PAGE TWO
THIS 1<-"'d LINE THREE, PAGE TWO

*
6.

You print line 300, suppressing the printing of the line number.
By pressing RETURN either twice in succession or once again after
the lines have printed, you cause the SOS prompt character to
reappear on your terminal.

*THIS
::;'300.? (',':';;)
IS LINE:. THREE, PAGE TWO
RET

5-80

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.22

REPLACE - R COMMAND

Function
The Replace command replaces a line or
range of lines with a
completely new line or
range of lines that you type into the
file.
Format
*Rrange, increment ~
or
*Rrange: increment ~
or
*Rrange: !number GID
Argument
range

is the set of specified lines you want to replace.

Option
,increment

is the numeric increment SOS uses for creating new
lines during execution of the current and further
Replace commands.
This
,
(comma)
increment
changes
the
value of the INCREMENT option.
Further Replace commands will use this
increment
by default if the lines can be inserted. You must
then press ESCape to stop inserting lines.

: increment

is the numeric increment SOS uses for creating new
lines during execution of the current Replace
command.
This
(semicolon) increment does not
change the value of the INCREMENT option.
Further
Replace commands will
use the value of
the
INCREMENT option if an increment is not specified
in the command and if the lines can be
inserted.
You must press ESCape to stop inserting lines.

:!number

specifies the number of lines to insert following
the position being replaced.
SOS increments the
lines using a table of increment values that are
within the SOS source-program. The table values
are 1, 2, 5, 10,
20, and 100.
SOS determines
which increment value to use by examining the line
number following the position and the number you
specified.
Line numbers are inserted until the
number
is exhausted,
until the
increment
is
exhausted, or
until you press ESCape to end the
insertion.

5-81

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Special Cases
You can terminate the Replace command and return to
level by pressing ESCape.

SOS

command

Delete

command

Hints
The Replace command functions as if you
followed by an Insert command.

g~ve

If you replace lines at the end of your file, the Replace command
converts internally to the Insert command and allows you to
continue inserting lines.
Restrictions
When you replace an entire file or page within a file,
the
message:
MASSIVE DELETE OK?
(Y OR N):
appears on your
terminal. You must reply with a Y for Yes or N for No.
This
message will not appear if you are using the EXPERT option.
If you specify a line or range of lines that do
replies with:

not

exist,

SOS

%NO SUCH LINE(S)
Check the line number(s) within your file and retype the
command.

Examples
1.

You replace line numbers 100 through 300 of a file.

*00100
Rl00:300 ~
THIS IS LINE 100 G!.D
00200
THIS IS LINE 200 ~
00300
THIS IS LINE 300(iiFT)
3 LINES (00100/1:00300) I1ErETEII

5-82

Replace

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

You use the Give command to find out the present value
INCREMENT option,
and then you replace line numbers 400
resetting the increment value to 50. SOS inserts line
450 and 550.
Line 550 is added to the end of your file.
point you may continue to insert lines. To return to SOS
level, press ESCape.

of the
and 500
numbers
At this
command

*::::INC G!D
00100
*R400: 500, 50 ~
00400
REPLACE LINE 400 ~
00450
INSERT LINE 450~
00500
REPLACE LINE 500 ~
00550
CONTINUE INSERTING LINES UNTIL YOU PRESS ESC KEY ~
00600
$

GD
2 LINES (00400/1:00500) DELETED
*=INC G:O
00050
*/INC: 100 G:O

*
When you specify an increment of 50 and use a comma before the
50, you change the INCREMENT option value.
To reset the
INCREMENT option value, use the / (Set) command or issue another
Replace command with the desired increment value.
If you do not
want to change the INCREMENT option value with the Replace
command, use a semicolon before the .increment.
3.

You replace line number 200 and insert line 210 and 220 before
line number 300 in your file.
The ;10 does not change the value
of the INCREMENT option.
*::.~INC~

00100
*R200,10 ~
00200
REPLACE LINE 200 OF THIS TEXT FILE ~
00210
AND INSERT LINE 210 THROUGH ~
00220
LINE 220 BEFORE LINE 300 OF THIS FILE $

... •t

1 LINES (00200/1) DELETED
*::::INC G8
00100

5-83

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-84

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

SUBSTITUTE - S COMMAND

5.23

Function
The Substitute command finds an existing string of characters,
substitutes a new string of characters for the existing string,
and prints the resulting line.
The Substitute command performs
this function for
every line
in a
range.
Your position is
immediately after the last successful substitution.
Format
*Sexisting-string$new-string$range,D,N,E,number~

Arguments
existing-string
is the string of characters that currently exists
in your
file.
Unless you include the ,E option,
uppercase characters match lowercase characters
and vice versa.
You may also use any combination
of the special matching characters
described
below.

ends the existing-string.
The
cannot exceed 200 characters.

new-string

is the string of characters that SOS substitutes
for
the existing string of characters.
Both
uppercase and lowercase characters are substituted
exactly as you type ,them~
that is, if you type a
lowercase character,
SOS places
a
lowercase
character
in the line.
You may also use any
combination of the special matching characters
described below.

ends the new-string.
200 characters.

range

is the
range over which
SOS
performs
the
substitution.
If it
is omitted, SOS makes the
substitution only on the first line that contains
the character string to be substituted.
If you
issue another Substitute command
in
the
*S
shortcut format
(shown below), the substitutions
will take place throughout the rest of the file.

5-85

existing-string

The new-string cannot exceed

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Options

lets you decide whether each substitution should
be performed.
(Refer to the paragraph below
describing the D option.)

causes SOS to suppress the printing of
the
substitution for each line that contains the
existing-string. The only response you receive
will be the SOS asterisk prompt character.

requires an exact match for the existing-string.
Uppercase
characters
match
only
uppercase
characters and lowercase characters match only
lowercase characters.
Place the ,E option after
the ,N and ,D options, or else,
if neither is
present, after the range.

,number

specifies the maximum number of lines on which SOS
is to perform the substitution.

D Option
After specifying the ,D option, you are allowed to check each
substitution before SOS places it in the file.
SOS prints the
modified line and leaves a blank line. Then you may type one of
the following characters:
confirms the substitution for that line only and
permits SOS to display the next line in the range
where the substitution is to take place.
deletes the substitution and the line is retained
in its previous form. SOS proceeds to the next
line
in
the
range
that
contains
the
existing-string and displays it on your terminal,
continuing the Decide mode.
A

enters Alter mode with the substitutions made in
the line. All Alter mode instructions are valid~
the pointer is positioned at the first character
in the line.

exits from the Decide mode and returns you to SOS
command
mode without making this or further
substitutions.

confirms the current substitution and lets SOS
make the rest of the substitutions without asking
for confirmation, i.e., ending the Decide mode.

quits Decide mode for the current Substitution
command.
You immediately return to SOS command
level. The only substitutions made were those
that were confirmed previously.

5-86

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Special Cases

*sGIQ

performs the last Substitute command from the next
line through the end of the file.
If you have not
already given a Substitute command, SOS prints the
message:
%NO STRING GIVEN

*S$range,D,N,E,number~

substitutes the same new-string for the same
existing-string as you gave in the last Substitute
command.
If you have not already
given
a
Substitute command, SOS prints the message shown
under the *S special case. Notice that you may
leave out both strings, but you must press ESCape
once.

Extended Characteristics
*Sexisting-str ingl ~
existing-string2~

existing-str ing3 ~
existing-string4 ~
existing-string5~

existing-str ing6$new-str ingl G!!)

new-str ing2 G!.D
new-str ing3 GIG
new-str ing4 ~
new-str ing5 ~

new-string6$range,D,N,E,number~

GO
The above Substitute command
substitutes
new-stringl
for
existing-stringl, new-string2 for existing-string2, and so forth.
You may use up to six existing-strings and six new-strings.
However, you may not have more than 200 characters total in all
the strings.
If you exceed either of these limits SOS prints one
of the following messages:
%TOO MANY STRINGS
%STRING TOO LONG
To substitute the
same
new-string
for
more
than
one
existing-string, specify more existing-strings than new-strings.
SOS
subs~itutes
the
last
new-string
for
the
extra
existing-strings.

5-87

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Special Matching Characters
The following characters perform
special
matching.
They
represent a very powerful, yet sometimes complicated, way of
using the Substitute command. For a complete description of the
techniques used with these characters, refer to Chapter 7. You
must set the IC128 option before specifying any of the special
characters described below.
The following
characters:

two

Character

Can match:

'I
I :

characters

can

represent

variety

any single character
any separator, that is, any character other than
a letter, number, period ( .) , percent (%) , or
ESCape ($ )

The next three characters modify the characteristics of the
character that follows them in a command so that that character
"matches" as follows:
Character

Modifies the next character to:

match anything except
normally matches

quote the next special character,
character

I )

the

character(s)

any

match any number of occurrences of itself

Special Replacement Characters
You can use the following characters only in the new-string.
These characters take the value of one of the special matching
characters that you may have used in the existing-string.
Character

Can:

'*n'*

take the value of the characters matched by the
nth special character in the existing-string

take the value of the characters matched by
next
sequential
special
character in
existing-string

the
the

quote
the next special character
in
replacement-string or any next character

the

5-88

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Restrictions
SOS prints the following message when it tries to use an
combination of the above characters:

illegal

%ILLEGAL SEARCH STRING
If you give a very complex search string which requires
excessive amount of internal space, SOS prints the message:

%SEARCH STRING TOO COMPLEX
If SOS cannot find the existing string, it prints the message:
%SEARCH FAILS
and leaves your position at the current line.
If you issue a Substitute command without an existing-string and
there was no previous Substitute command, SOS prints the error
message:
%NO STRING GIVEN
If you specify an existing-string and new-string that
exceeds 200 characters, SOS prints the error message:

together

%STRING TOO LONG
You must then reissue the Substitute command
with
characters in the existing-string and the new-string.

fewer

Examples
These two examples illustrate the Substitute command by replacing
the word TIPE with TYPE in a file.
1.

This first example shows that after you typed the Substitute
command once, it will continue the previous substitutions.

GD GD

*STIPE$TYPE$10 GB
00010
TYPE 101
*S~

00020
00050
00060
00080

101
103

FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
TYPE 103,X
FORMAT (' YOU TYPED THE NUMBER ',F)
TYPE 104,X,Y

5-89

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

This second example shows a similar Substitute command, but uses
the D option for
the first substitution, then S to cover all
other substitutions in the file.
The E command ends the
substitution.
~~

•
J
*00010
ST I PE$ TYPE$l 0, D GiD
TYPE 101
(]Q
*S~

00020
G)
00050

101

FORMAT (' PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.')
TYPE 103,X

The following example illustrates the Extended Characteristics of
the Substitute command using multiple strings of substitutions.
The text file is printed (line 2100 and the next 5 lines) to show
the results before and after the substitutions are made.

*P2100! 5GID
02100
LINE A
02200
LINE B
02~300
LINE C
02400
LINE [I
02500
LINE E
*SLINE A G!D
l.INE B GID
l.INE CQID
LINE DGE)
LINE E$LINE V~

GD
LINE WGID
LINE X 0!D
LINE Y~
LINE Z$2100:2500,N,5QID

*P2100! 5 G!D
02100
LINE V
02200
LINE W
02300
LINE X
0;~400
LINE Y
02500
LINE Z

*
4.

The following Substitute command replaces the word THAT at the
beginning of line 900 with the word THIS. Notice the '% (not) 1/
(any character) matches the beginning of the line;
(i.e., not
any character THAT matches 00900
THAT since the line number and
the tab are not part of the actual line contents).
*/C128 G!D

*P900 GD
00900
THAT METHOD CAN BE USEFUL.
*S'7.' ITHAT$THIS$900GIQ

00900

(ED

THIS METHOD CAN BE USEFUL.

*/C64~

*
5-90

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
5.

The next example-illustrates the same special characters as the
previous example does, but in a different content. The .'%'/ in
the Substitute command represents "a period and
not
any
character". Therefore, only the period at the end of the line is
substituted with a semi-colon (i).
(At the end of the line,
there is "not any character" not even the space character.)
*/C128~
*P1900~

01900

THIS. METHOD. CAN. BE. USEFUL.

*S. '1.'1$; $. ~

~ck
THIS. METHOD. CAN. BE. USEFUL;

01900
6.

In the next example you switch the numbers before a 5, with the
numbers before a 6.
(period) on line 1600. The I') '/5 matches 1
and any number of any character until a 5 is reached.
The
') ' /
matches all the characters from the comma after the 5 up to the 1
in 1976. The I') '/6.
(period) matches 1 and any number of any
character until a 6.
(pet"iod)
is reached. Now, in the new
string, '*3'* supplies the characters from the third pattern, 86;
'*2'* supplies the middle characters, BUT NOT INi
(semicolon)
and '*1'* supplies the characters from the first pattern 97.
*/C128 ~

*P1600 G!D
01600
THEY WERE KNOWN WELL IN 1975, BUT NOT IN 1866.
*Sl')'/5')'/l/)'16.$1/*3'*5/*2/*1'*1'*6.$1600~

01600

THEY WERE KNOWN WELL IN 1865, BUT NOT IN 1976.

*/C64 ~

5-91

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-92

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

TRANSFER - T COMMAND

5.24

Function
The Transfer command transfers a line or range of lines so the
first line being transferred starts at the specified position or
after the specified position (destination). The Transfer command
automatically deletes the specified line or range of lines from
their original position in the file.
Format
*Tdestination,source-range,first-page-inc,last-page-inc ~
Arguments
destination

is the starting line number (and page number,
if different from the current page number)
where the transferred lines will be placed.
If
this destination already exists,
the
transferred lines will start directly after
this destination.

,source-range

is the range of source lines with or without
page numbers that are transferred to the
destination and then deleted from
their
original position in the file.

Options
,first-page-inc

is the increment SOS uses to number the first
page of transferred lines.
All lines in
succeeding pages (except the last page of the
file) retain their line numbers.

,last-page-inc

is the increment SOS uses to number the
page of transferred lines.

last

Special Cases
If you specify an increment for the first page or last page that
is incorrect or cannot be used, SOS will choose another increment
and indicate that increment with the message:
INCl=increment-number
for the first page, and
INC2=increm~nt-number

for the last page.

5-93

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If you do not specify an increment, SOS will create its own
increment
for
the
transferred lines.
If the lines are
transferred to the end of a file and you are using the SOS
default of 100, the SOS prompt character (*) will be the only
reply to indicate that the transfer was executed properly.
If
the lines are transferred to a destination between two existing
lines, SOS will reply with a message to indicate that the
transfer was executed properly:
INCl=increment-number
Hints
SOS will create a page mark in the transfer execution only when
the source-range contains a page mark.
When you complete a
transfer of a source range of lines including a page mark, your
file may have additional page marks that are not needed. In
actuality, the Transfer command causes SOS first to make a copy
in memory of the source range and page marks (if specified) and
then to delete the source range but not the page marks from the
file.
At this point, SOS makes the transfer to the specified
destination from the memory source range. Thus, SOS may add page
marks that are unwanted to your file. containing more than one
page.
Restrictions
%TEXT INSERTED AT END OF FILE
When this message appears, you have transferred a range of
line/page numbers to the end of your file where no page marks
exist for the contents of -the transferred lines. When examining
your file after this message appears, you will find an additional
page mark in your file that you may wish to delete (Kill
command} •
%INSUFFICIENT CORE AVAILABLE
When this message appears, you have exhausted all available
memory for the transfer.
Reissue the Transfer command again
using a smaller range of line numbers for the transfer and repeat
the Transfer command until you transfer all the lines you want
moved.
% WARNING - COPY ASSUMED

When this message appears, you have typed a Transfer command in
the same format as a Copy command by specifying a source file or
an IS. SOS assumes that you have decided to change the Transfer
to a Copy command; i.e., to copy but not delete (the Transfer
command cannot transfer from one file into another file). If you
receive the error message:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND with the above
message, you did not complete. the specifications of the Copy
If you receive the INCl=nnnnn (nnnnn is an increment)
command.
message with the above message, you specified a correct filename,
file extension, and source range and the Transfer command
·performed as if it were a Copy command. If you receive a C* with
the above message, you may print lines within the file to find
the source range to be copied to your file.
(Refer to the Copy
command for the correct command specifications.)

5-94

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
%OUT OF ORDER
When this message appears, you have specified an increment
the transferred lines
(any page)
that is too large for
destination. SOS will choose another increment on its own
reply with the message INCl=increment: or, if the increment
for the last page, SOS will again choose another increment on
own and reply with the message INC2=increment.

for
the
and
was
its

%ILLEGAL TRANSFER DESTINATION
When this message appears, you have specified a destination for
the Transfer command that cannot be used. An example of this
error would be if you attempted to transfer the contents of an
entire page to a nonexisting line number within the same page.
You should examine your file and issue the Transfer command
again, specifying a legal destination.
Examples
You have the following one-page file:

*F' GD

00100
00200
00300
00400
1.

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS
IS
IS
IS

THE
THE
THE
THE

LAST LINE OF TEXT.
SECOND LINE OF TEXT.
THIRD LINE OF TEXT.
FIRST LINE OF TEXT.

By transferring the line 400 to the top of your file and then
transferring line 100 to 400, you will place the file contents in
its correct order.
*T'"',400 GIG
INC1=00050
ltp. @)

00050
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE OF TEXT.
*T400,1.00 GIQ

*
Your entire file now appears in the following format:
P/lGIG

00050
00200
00300
00400

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS
IS
IS
IS

THE
THE
THE
THE

FIRST LINE OF TEXT.
SECOND LINE OF TEXT.
THIRD LINE OF TEXT.
LAST LINE OF TEXT.

5-95

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
2.

You attempt to transfer
the contents
nonexisting line within the current page:

your

file

%ILLEGAL TRANSFER DESTINATION

*
3.

You transfer the contents of page 1 including the page mark to
destination specified as line number 100/2 (page 2):

*T100/2,/:L ~

%TEXT INSERTED AT END OF FILE

*
If you examine your file after the above command is executed, you
see that your file now contains three pages because the Transfer
command does not delete page marks, but only the source contents.
The lines were transferred to page 3, not page 2.
To avoid this
result, specify the actual line numbers in the range with the
appropriate page number.

PAGE 1
PAGE 2
PAGE 3
00100
00200
00300
00400

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS
IS
IS
IS

THE
THE
THE
THE

FIRST LINE OF TEXT.
SECOND LINE OF TEXT.
THIRD LINE OF TEXT.
LAST LINE OF TEXT.

*
Since there is no page mark for page one, SOS creates a page maik
for
the transfer because the range specified the entire contents
of page 1. The transferred range
in
memory has a page mark
(created by SOS) and the destination specifies a page number that
does not exist.
SOS inserts a page mark for
page 2 and then
inserts the transferred
range in memory into your file.
Thus,
when the Transfer command has finished,
you will have two
additional page marks.

5-96

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
4.

You maintain a two-page file and issue a Transfer command to
transfer the contents from line 100 on page 1 through line 300 on
page 1 to a destination of the last line on page 2, specifying an
increment of 15 for the transferred lines.

PAGE 1

ONE
TWO
THREE

00100
00200
00300

PAGE 2
00100
00200
00300

FOUR
FIVE
SIX

*T*/2, 100/1 : ~~OO/l, l~:j ~
*F'~ /~:

*1* ~

PAGE 2
00100
00200
00300
00400
00415
00430

FOUR
FIVE
SIX

ONE
TWO
THREE

The contents of the first page
(00100/1 through 00300/1) was
transferred to the end of page 2.
Since the range did not
specify the entire contents of page 1 (/1), SOS did not create a
page mark for page 1, and a page mark for page 2 already existed
in your file.

5-97

50S COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-98

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.25

INVERT - VV, VL, VU COMMANDS

Function
The inVert commands (VV, VL, VU) are optional SOS
must be assembled for your installation of SOS.

commands

and

The inVert commands allow you to perform uppercase/lowercase
inversion.
That is, when you are editing your file, you can
change all uppercase characters to lowercase characters, all
lowercase characters to uppercase characters, or both inversions
at the same time for any specified range of lines.
Format
*Vcrange ~
Arguments
must be a V, i, or U
command.

and

must

accompany

uppercase

inverts lowercase to uppercase
lowercase at the same time.

inverts
uppercase
characters
to
lowercase
characters; ignores all lowercase characters.

inverts
lowercase
characters
to
uppercase
characters; ignores all uppercase characters.

range

and

the

specifies the range of lines you want to invert.

Restrictions
If you specify a range of line(s) that do not exist, SOS prints:
%NO SUCH LINE(S)
If you specify any character than a V, L, or U, SOS prints:
%ILLEGAL COMMAND

5-99

SOS COMMAND DESC.IPTIONS
Examples
The following text file will be used
commands:

illustrate

the

inVert

*00100
P/1 G!2)
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
00200
00300
00400
00500

abcdef~hijklmnoPGrstuvwx~z
AaBbCcDdEeFfG~HhliJjKkLlMmNnOoPp

*
1.

The following example illustrates the VV command on line 500:
*VV500~

*P500~

00500

aAbBcCdDeEfF~GhHiljJkKlLmMnNoOpP

*
As the example shows, all uppercase characters were inverted to
lowercase characters and all lowercase characters were iriverted
to uppercase characters.
2.

The next example illustrates the VL command on line 100:
*VL100~

* P100 CE)
00100
abcdefghijklmnoparstuvwx~z

*
In this example, the VL command inverted all uppercase characters
to lowercase characters. If there were any lowercase characters
on line 100, they would remain lowercase.
3.

In this example, the vu command inverted lowercase characters
uppercase characters:

*VU300 G.8
*P300~

00300

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

*
If any uppercase characters had existed in line 300,
remain in uppercase.

5-100

they

would

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

WORLD (SAVE-THE-WORLD) - W COMMAND

5.26

Function
The World command saves your file without ending the SOS session.
Format
*Wm: filespec ~
Options
is a modifier that can be either B, D, Q, S, or
combination of Band S.

suppresses creation,of a backup file with the
extension Qxt; also suppresses the creation of a
backup file with the extension Zxt if the fOLD
option is set.

deletes both the original file (input to SOS)
your edited file (output from SOS).

quits so that all changes to the original file
from the time of the last backup to the present
are lost.

unsequences (that is, strips
the output.file.

:filespec

line

numbers

and

from)

is the
file
specification
of
the
output
(destination)
file.
This file specification can
consist of the following:
dev:filnam.ext[p,pn,sfdl, ••• ]<nnn)
This argument is optional;
if it is omitted,
the
current file is used.
(Refer to Chapter 2, Giving
Commands, for a complete description of these file
specifications.)

Hints
After the World command is finished saving your file, SOS
the file specification enclosed in square brackets.

prints

By using the World command periodically while in SOS, you protect
your files against power failures and other system crashes; or
instead of issuing the World command, you may want to set the
ISAVE and SAVE options to automatically backup your file.
When you specify a file specification with the World command,
further World commands default to that file specification.

5-101

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
But when the ISAVE or SAVE options are set, all auto-save backups
default to any last specified filename and extension.
Restrictions
If you give the WD command, SOS will delete both the input file
and the output file.
At this point, SOS converts its mode to
Input mode and creates a temporary file, nnnSOS.TEM (nnn is your
system job number).
You can now input the contents of a new
file, which will have a temporary filename and extension, or you
can end the SOS session with the EQ command.
(Refer to Chapter
10 for additional information about temporary files and how to
use them.)

* W[I GD
I Nf'UT: DSI"C:
00100
$

GQ
*EQ~

If you set the /UNSEQUENCE option and then
command, SOS prints the warning message:
[WARNING:

give

W or

SEQUENCE NUMBERS PRESERVED.]

because the file is saved as it appears in its entirety.
If you
want to un sequence your file with the World command, give the WS
command with the SEQUENCE option set (SOS default).
If you have not made any changes to the file since
saved, SOS prints the warning message:

was

last

[NO CHANGES.]
and changes just the date on your file.
If you specify an existing file when you give the World command,
SOS will ask for you to confirm the deletion of the existing
file.
The following message will appear:
OUTPUT FILE EXISTS - DELETE?

(Y OR N) :

You must reply with either a Y (for Yes) or a N (for No). You do
not need to press RETURN after typing Y or N. SOS responds with
the ES of YES or the 0 of NO.
If your reply is N, SOS asks for
another name of the file:
FILE:
You must supply a new file specification. SOS will then save the
contents of the edited file in the file you specify.
In some
conditions,
the
Qxt
backup
file
may
become
write-protected.
SOS ignores the write-protection, creates the
backup file and prints the message:
%BACKUP FILE PROTECTED - IGNORED

5-102

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
If the file is protected and you cannot overwrite it, SOS
the message:

prints

?FILE WRITE PROTECTED, TRY ANOTHER NAME
FILE:
after which you should type a new file specification.
If you type an illegal
following message:

file

specification,

SOS

prints

the

%ILLEGAL COMMAND
Your file
is
specification.

not

saved

until

you

give

correct

file

/UNSEQUENCE

option

Examples
1.

You give a World command to save your file:
*W~

[[ISKC: TEST. ALG]

*
2.

You give a World command, but you have the
set, so you receive the warning message.

*W~
[WARNING: SEQUENCE NUMBERS PRESERVED.]
[DSKC:NXTFIL.MAC[27,5107]]
3.

You save your file without line numbers.

[DSKC:CHANGE.CBL[27,235]]

5-103

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
4.

You save your file in another directory with a new name, but
do not have access privileges to that directory.

you

*W:SAMPLE.TXT[27,235JGID
7-ILLEGAL COMMAND

*
5.

You now specify a directory that you do
to.

have

access

privileges

*W:SAMPLE.TXT(2l,530lJG!.:D
[DSKB:SAMPLE.TXT[27,5307J]

*
6.

You give the World command, but you have made
you last saved the file.

[NO CHANGES.]

5-104

changes

since

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5.27

EXTEND - X COMMAND

Function
The eXtend command moves the pointer to the end of the line(s)
specified and allows you to enter text to the end of the line(s).
The line(s) mayor may not be printed in their entirety depending
on whether the
,S option is specified or not. You may press
ESCape to enter Alter mode, or press RETURN to return to Edit
mode and end the extension.
Format
*Xr ange , S 0!!)
Argument
range

is the range of lines that you want to extend.
When
you
indicate more than one line, SOS
automatically proceeds to the next line.

Option

stops SOS from printing the line.
Instead, SOS
prints just the line number;
anything you type
from that point on is added to the end of the
line.

Operation
1.

Give the eXtend command; SOS prints out the entire line
leaves the pointer at the end of the line.

and

*X::500: lOO GfD

00500

THIS IS A TEST OF

Type the characters you want to add to
RETURN; SOS prints the next line.
oo~;oo

THIS IS A TEST OF THE EXTEND ~

00600

COMMAND AND

5-105

the

line

and

press

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Type the characters you want to add or press ESCape to stop
inserting characters and to be able to give Alter mode
instructions.
In this step, you press ESCape to enter Alter
mode after mistyping the word ALTER. After correcting the
word ALTER, you press RETURN and go on to the next line.
00600

COMMAND AND ALTTER MODE.

00600

COMMAND AND ALT\\T\\ER MODE.

[I~

28T

00700
4.

THIS IS LINE

Last, you extend line 700 and end the range specified in
eXtend command.
00700

the

THIS IS LINE 700 ~

*
Special Cases
To insert new lines, press the Linefeed
(LF)
key instead of
ESCape or RETURN: SOS prints a new line number. Type the line
contents. Each eXtend command terminates only after you press
RETURN. Refer to the example below.
*X600 G!O
00600

TYPE 101 G:D
When you gave the eXtend command, SOS
printed the line, you typed 101 and
pressed Linefeed.

00650

101

FORMAT ('STARTING THE

RUN.')~

SOS created a new line number, you typed
an entire new line, and then pressed
Linefeed.
00675

TYPE 101 G!O
SOS created a second new line number.
You typed this new line and ended the
eXtend command by pressing RETURN.

5-106

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Examples
1.

The following two examples illustrate the extend command
and with the S option:

without

*>(100:200 ~
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLEGB
00200
THIS IS LINE TWO FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLE G£)

*Xl00: 200, S GID
FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLE ~
00200
FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLE GIG
*F' 100 : 200 GID
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLE
00200
THIS IS LINE TWO FOR THE X COMMAND EXAMPLE
00100

The following example illustrates an eXtend command in which you
enter Alter mode after extending the text line in order to
recreate and correct text in the original line.
*X500~

00500

THIS IS AN XTEND XAMPLE WITH ALTER MODE/EDOM RETLA HTIW

G).-~

ELPMAX [tNETX NA SI SIHT\
THIS IS AN EXTEN[t EXAMPLE WITH ALTER MODE
00500

t
IEC!D

SX IEG'QG8

5-107

SOS COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

5-108

CHAPTER 6
UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

When you start an SOS session with the SOS command and no options, the
SOS program uses the following defaults:
1.

Terminal characteristics of the TOPS-IO SET TTY command

/C64 and the TOPS-IO system default of M33 (UC)

/BAK, /INCREMENT:lOO,
/LENGTH:55,
/LMAR:l,
/MAXLN:99999,
/NODECIDE,
/NODELETE,
/NONSEPARATORS,
/NOVICE, /NUMBER,
/PLINES:16, /PMAR:l,
/RMAR:69,
/SEQUENCE,
/START:lOO,
and
/STEP:lOO

You can change the defaults by specifying options with the SOS
command, by specifying them In your SWITCH.INI option file, or by
setting them at the SOS command level (the M33 and M37 options are
unique in that they can be determined by setting your terminal (SET
TTY) to UC (uppercase) for M33 or to LC (lowercase) for M37).

6.1

SOS AND YOUR TERMINAL SETTING

You can identify all of your terminal characteristics (parameters)
giving the TOPS-IO command INITIA TTY.

The SOS program uses the terminal type set by the TOPS-IO command SET
TTY UC or SET TTY LC.
You can display this type on your terminal
during SOS by giving the =CASE command.
For SOS purposes, your
terminal
is either uppercase-only, M33
(VT05, VT06, VT50), or
uppercase and lowercase, M37 (VT52, LA36).
Uppercase-only terminals
respond
to
your
commands
in
uppercase
characters
only.
Uppercase-lowercase terminals respond to your commands in
both
uppercase and lowercase characters. Depending on your terminal type
and characteristics and the options you set, all alphabetic characters
that you enter as text to a file during an SOS session will appear in
the format and case you specified.

6-1

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
6.2

TERMINAL TYPE: UPPERCASE-ONLY

A termina~ with uppercase type only, such as a VT05 terminal,
still make use of the lowercase argument of the SET TTY command.

can

On a VT05 terminal when SET TTY LC is in effect, you use the SHIFT key
with letters you want to be uppercase;
that is, you type as if using
a conventional keyboard. All alphabetic characters will appear as
uppercase on the terminal screen, but when printed or listed on the
line printer, the text will appear in uppercase and lowercase as you
typed it.
A VT50 terminal displays all alphabetic characters as uppercase.
If
you set your VT50 terminal to lowercase (SET TTY LC), it will have no
effect. To enter lowercase characters in an SOS session using a VT50
terminal, you must set the /LOWER and /C128 options to have the
characters appear as lowercase when printed on the line printer.

6.2.1

Typing Uppercase On Uppercase-Only Terminals

To type uppercase characters into a file from an uppercase-only
terminal
is, of course,
the simplest input task. The ordinary SOS
default settings suffice;
you do not have to set any options when you
start the SOS session (/C64 and /UPPER are set by default).
If the
file you are working with already has lowercase characters in it, they
appear as uppercase characters on the terminal screen •
• 8DS UPPER. TXT ( RU )

(using a VT50 terminal)

EDIT: UPPER. TXT
*::=CASE ~

C64 UPPER
*1600 ~
00600

THIS IS AN UF'F'ERCASE·-ONL Y EXAMPLE. ( i U ] )

00700

~
*P600 G!0
00600

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE-ONLY EXAMPLE.

*
In this example, you start SOS on a uppercase-only terminal,
insert
line 600, print it on your terminal, and use the List command to print
it on the line printer.
All characters are uppercase.
The line
appears on the line printer as:
00600

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE-ONLY EXAMPLE.

6-2

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
6.2.2

Typing Lowercase On Uppercase-Only Terminals

To type only lowercase characters into a file on an uppercase-only
terminal of the VT50 type, set both the /LOWER and /C128 options.
For
the VT05 type terminal, you need only set your terminal to lowercase
with the SET TTY LC command at TOPS-IO command level. The characters
will appear as uppercase when entered and printed on the terminal;
but when the text is printed on a line printer that has a lowercase
character set, the characters will be lowercase.
In the example below, you can create the file LOWER.TXT with one
of all lowercase characters •
• SET TTY L.C ~

line

(using a VT05 terminal)

.f:;OG L.OWEF:. TXT ~

INPUT: LOWER. TXT
00100

THIS LINE IS ALL LOWEF~CASE CHAF~ACTERS. ~

00200

GC)

*W~
(: DSI\C: L.OWEF<" TXT::I

*L.l00 G8

The line appears on the line printer as:
00100

this line is all lowercase characters.

Remember, to enter both uppercase and lowercase characters into a file
from a VT50 terminal, set the /C128 and /LOWER options;
from a VT05
terminal use the SET TTY LC command.

6-3

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
You can create a text line in the UPPER. TXT file using the /UPPER
option default and specify the /C128 option. with the /UPPER and
/C128 options set, the single-quote character (I) indicates that the
following character
is lowercase
(it is said to "quote" the next
character): SOS sees the two characters as one lowercase character •
• SOS/C128 UPPER. TXT

(using a VT50 terminal)

EDIT: UPPER. TXT
*Rl00~

00100

T'H'I'S '1'5 'A'N UPPERCASE-ONLY 'E'X'A'M'P'L'E.~

1 LINES (100/1) DELETED
00200

Go
*::::CASE~

MODEL 3"7 UPPER

00100

T'H'I'S 'I'S 'A'N UPPERCASE-ONLY 'E'X'A'M'P'L'E.

If you reset the /C64 option after the line has been entered with the
/C128 option in effect, all characters on the text line will appear in
uppercase on an
uppercase-only
terminal
without
single-quote
indications.
*/C64 G!D

00100

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE-ONLY EXAMPLE.

*Ll00 ~

*
When the line is listed on the line printer, the line appears as:
00100

This is an UPPERCA'SE-ONLY example.

You can specify the /LOWER option with the /C128 option on an
uppercase-only terminal. With these two options set, the single-quote
character (I) indicates that the next character is uppercase and SOS
sees the two characters as one uppercase character.

6-4

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
In the example below, you edit the file UPPER.TXT by inserting line
number 200 with the /C128 option specified in the SOS command and the
/LOWER option set at SOS command level.
(SOS will recognize the
/LOWER option setting only at SOS command level.)

• SOSIC 128 UPPER. TXT

(using a VT50 terminal)

[DIT: UPPER. TXT

*/LOWER ~

* :::CASE GB
LOWER
*·1200 GIG
0()20(

00300

00200

'THIS IS AN 'U'P'P'E'R'C'A'S'E-'O'N'L'Y EXAMPLE.

On a line printer, line 00200 would appear as:
00200

This is an UPPERCASE-ONLY example.

By resetting the /C64 option, all characters on the text line appear
in uppercase on an uppercase-only terminal without single-quote
indications; but when listed on the line printer the text line
appears in its proper format as follows:
*/C64~

*F'. G!D
O()200

THIS IS AN UPPERCASE-ONLY EXAMPLE.

~L200 ~

*
This is an UPPERCASE-ONLY example.

6-5

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
6.3

TERMINAL TYPE: UPPERCASE-LOWERCASE

An uppercase-lowercase terminal
(VT52 or LA36)
can display all
alphabetic characters in both their uppercase and lowercase format.
If you set your uppercase-lowercase terminal to lowercase
(SET TTY
LC), you can input alphabetic characters into a text file the same way
as you would with a typewriter.
By pressing the SHIFT key,
you type
uppercase
characters.
Thus, all alphabetic characters will be
lowercase unless you press SHIFT and type the character.
For SOS purposes, you do not need to set any SOS options when you use
the command SET TTY LC.
The uppercase-lowercase terminal gives you
the option of either uppercase-only or uppercase and lowercase,
and
you do not have to change the SOS default options of /C64 and /UPPER.

6.3.1

Typing Uppercase On Uppercase-Lowercase Terminals

To type uppercase characters on an uppercase-lowercase terminal,
set
your terminal to uppercase
(SET TTY UC)
and start SOS without
specifying any of the SOS options,
just as
if the terminal were
uppercase-only.
The /C64 and /UPPER options are set by SOS default.
Any lowercase characters already in a file will appear as lowercase
characters on the terminal .
• SET TTY UC Gi0
.80S UPPER. TXT (Rf~
Edit: UPPER. TXT

(using a VT52 terminal)

*1:200 G~

00200
00300
00400

":"HIS IS AN UPPERCASE :EXT LINE ( RU )
'DN AN UPPERCASE-tOWERCASE TERMINAL. (RH )
~
'~~~

*;:'/1 C~~')

Page 1
00100
00200
00300

this text line is all lowercase characters.
THIS IS AN UPPERCASE TEXT LINE
ON AN UPPERCASE-LOWERCASE TERMINAL.

*
When printed on the line printer or typed on the
appears as follows:

the

file

If your terminal is not set to lowercase (LC), the file would
appear in the above format on an uppercase-lowercase terminal.

still

00100
00200
00300

terminal,

this text line is all lowercase characters.
THIS IS AN UPPERCASE TEXT LINE
ON AN UPPERCASE-LOWERCASE TERMINAL.

6-6

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
6.3.2

Typing Lowercase On Uppercase-Lowercase Terminals

To type lowercase characters into a file on an uppercase-lowercase
terminal, specify the TOPS-IO command SET TTY LC before starting your
SOS session. You do not have to set any SOS options to enter
lowercase characters into a file on an uppercase-lowercase terminal.
All alphabetic characters you type will be in lowercase. By pressing
the SHIFT key, alphabetic characters can be entered as uppercase.
When printed or listed on the line printer, the characters will appear
as you typed them •

• SET TTY lC ~
• s os. lowe r • t~·~ t ~

(using a LA36 terminal)

Edit: LOWER. TXT
*::=case~

Model 37 C64 Upper
*i200 ~
00200
this line is all lowercase characters. ~
00300
$

When the above text line is listed on the line printer, it will appear
as:
00300

6.4

this line is all lowercase characters.

TYPING SPECIAL CHARACTERS

Special characters can be alphabetic, numeric,
or
punctuation
characters;
they must be preceded with the single-quote character
('). All special characters that are typed into a file or used in the
SOS Substitute command must be used with the /C128 option set. Unless
the /C128 option is set, SOS does not see the two characters as one
character, but as two.
When entering numeric and punctuation special characters during an SOS
session, no SOS option will have an effect on the special characters
except the /C64 option, which reverses the /C128 option;
the /LOWER
and /UPPER options only affect the alphabetic characters.
Table 6-1 lists the control characters with their American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) name, their/C128 representation, and their
meanings, if applicable, when used in SOS commands or command files.
NOTE
Because SOS is a line-oriented editor,
you cannot enter into your file any
special characters for linefeed
and
carriage return.

6-7

UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
Table 6-1
Control Characters and Their IC128
Control Character
and its ANSI name

IC128
Representation

"'A

, !

"'B
"'C
"'D
"'E
"'F
"'G
"'H
"'N

'"
,#

(SOH)
(STX)
(ETX)
(EOT)
(ENQ)
(ACK)
(BEL)
(BS)
(SO)
"'0 (SI)
"'p (DLE)
"Q (DCl)
"'R (DC2)
"'S (DC3)
"T (DC4)
"u (NAK)
"'V (SYN)
"'W (ETB)
"'X (CAN)
"Y (EM)
.. z (SUB)
'" [ ESCape
\ (FS)
"'] (GS)
(RS)
,.
(US)
, Accent Grave
{ Left curly brace
I Vertical bar
} Right Curly brace
'"
, Tilde
DEL

R~presentation

Meaning
(if applicable)
Match any letter (A-Z, a-z)
Next match string

,$
,%

Not next character (Search)
Match any uppercase (A-Z)
Abort (for Inserts)
Backspace - also deletes
Zero or more of next char.
n'th match string
Any decimal digit (0-9)

, &

,'\(
,)

,'+,
,

, -.

Matches any character

'I
'0
'I
'2

One or more of next char.
Match any lowercase (a-z)
Match any alphanumeric

'9
'6
'4

ESCape from input mode
Matches space or tab
Matches end of line
Quote next character

,<
,>
'7
'8
'@

'[
':

Character delete

(Refer to Appendix C for a complete special-character
ANSI names and abbreviations.)

6-8

table

and

all

CHAPTER 7
SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS

In some instances, you may be required to edit a large or complex
file, where the Find and Substitute commands with the /C64 option set
require changes to the existing-string argument. For this reason (and
possibly others), you may choose to enter special characters in the
Find and substitute commands to give them additional power and
versatility.
You must set the /C128 option before using the special
characters.
(Table 6-1, Special Characters, gives a list of special
characters available to you. Refer to Appendix C for all available
special characters and their ANSI names and abbreviations.)

7.1

COMMAND FORMAT DEFINITION

As shown in Chapter 5, the Find command has the following format:
*Fexisting-stringtrange,A'N,E,number~

GD
and the Substitute command has the following format:
*sexisting-stringtnew-stringtrange,D,N,E,number~

Special characters can be used in the above formats.
1.

You can use special "matching" characters instead of the
exact characters for the existing-string contents of the Find
and Substitute commands.

You can use special "replacement" characters instead of exact
characters to match characters from the existing-string
contents of the Substitute command.

Thus, the Find and Substitute
follows:

command

formats

can

also

appear

*Fmatch-stringfrange,A,N,E,number ~

GD
and
*smatch-stringtrePlacement-stringtrange,D,N,E,number~

7-1

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
7.2

SPECIAL MODE - /C128

When you start the SOS program, the /C64 option, the SOS default,
is
set.
This option is adequate for most applications.
If you desire to
use any special characters in a file, such as matching and replacement
characters or special control characters, you must set the /C128
option.
The /C128 option, when set, allows you to enter any of the ~haracters
from the complete ASCII l28-character set, except for carriage return,
line feed, and null.
All special characters
(matching characters,
replacement characters, and control characters) are indicated by a
single-quote character (') plus a punctuation, alphabetic, or numeric
character.
An alphabetic character with a single quote preceding it,
for example, indicates an uppercase character (if the /LOWER option is
set)
or a lowercase character (if the /UPPER option is set).
Another
example is I n which appears to SOS as CTRL/B, STX (start of text).
In summary, when the /C128 option is in effect, SOS interprets the
single-quote character and the following character
(punctuation,
alphabetic, or numeric) as a single character.

7.3

SPECIAL MATCHING CHARACTERS

Special matching characters can be used
in both the Find and
Substitute commands to match any of the characters that exist in the
text of a file.
Special matching characters are in two groups as
follows:
1.

Special characters that represent any single character in the
file contents without a character specification following the
special character.

Special characters that represent any string of characters in
the file contents with a character specification following
the special character.

with these two groups, you can issue Find and Substitute commands to
determine different text strings of characters that have some similar
features or positions within a file.
These two groups, their representation, function,
descriptions appear in the next two sections.

7-2

and

examples

with

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
7.3.1

Character Match, without Character Specification

The following special characters match single characters:

IC64

IC128

Character

Mnemonic

any single character

I (vertical

I :

any single separator,
that is, any
character other than a letter, number,
(%) ,
period
( ) ,
percent
or
dollar-sign ( $ )

bar)

Matches

(For the ANSI names and abbreviations of the IC64 characters, refer to
Tables C-l and C-2 in Appendix C.)
Examples using the IC128 mnemonics:
1.

You replace any character (II)

in the line number 1200 with an

*F'1200 ~
01200
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

*/C128 GID
*8/ I$X$. i~

t t

~-)

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

01200

*
2.

You replace any three characters followed by a period (.) and the
period itself, since it too is in the match-string, with the word
TWO.
for lines 300 through 500.
*/C128 C~
*P30()! 3 ~

00300
THIS IS LINE THREE, PAGE ONE.
00400
THIS IS LINE FOUR, PAGE ONE.
00500
THIS IS LINE FIVE, PAGE ONE.
S / I / I I • $ TWO. $ 300! 3 ~

GOG)
00300

0040()
() () ~:.:j () ()

THIS IS L.INE THREE, PAGE TWO
THIS IS LINE FOUR, PAGE TWO
THIS IS LINE FIVE, PAGE TWO

*
3.

You replace any two separators, in this case two slashes
with a comma and a space on the current line in a file.
*/C120~
*P.~

00100

*'..

YOU CAN INSERTI/DELETEIIOR PRINT LINESII

· ·i' <fT· ~

S /.I'~

00100

YOU CAN INSERT, DELETE, OR PRINT LINES,

*
7-3

(II),

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
7.3.2

Character Match, With Character Specification

The following special characters match single or multiple occurrences
of characters when specified with a character or special character.

IC64
Character

IC128
Mnemonic

not the character
special character

I )

arbitrary number of;
any number of
occurrences of itself; must only be
used with another special character

quote next character;
quote
any
special character that may be used in
a file or any string of characters

........

Meaning of Character
following

this

(For the ANSI names and abbreviations of the IC64 characters, refer to
Tables C-l and C-2 in Appendix C.)
Examples using the IC128 mnemonics:
1.

This example illustrates a substitution of an A:
for
occurrence of an A and a separator that is not a colon ( : )

any

*F'750 G!D
00750
A.B A,C A?D A:B A:C A:D A$B A&C A@D
*/C128 G:D
*sA' " : $A; $750 G8

007500

*
The next two examples illustrate a special feature of the character
1%.
The first substitution replaces THIS for the occurrence of THAT
at the beginning of the line only. The second substitution replaces
THIS for
the occurrence of THAT at the end of the line only. The 1%
(not) II (any character, Section 7.3.1) when used in this way will
match the beginning or ending of a line.
2.

*P600: 700 G!D
00600
THAT NEWEST METHOD IS USEFUL; THAT
00700
CAN BE COMPLEX.
*/C128 GID
*S' /.' ITHAT$THIS$600 GID

~GD

00600

THIS NEWEST METHOD IS USEFUL; THAT

*
and

7-4

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
3.

*P600~:0
*
Ii

00600
THAT NEWEST METHOD IS USEFUL; THAT
STHAT'/.'
TH1Sf 600 ~
~

00600

li.0

THAT NEWEST

MET~OD

IS USEFUL; THIS

*
4.

You replace the word ST~UCTURE for the word TREE on line number
300 on page 1. The Substitute command specifies that an Sand
any arbitrary number of any characters ending with E will be
replaced with TREE.
*1<300/1 ~

00300

THE FORK STRUCTURE MAY BECOME COMPLEX.

*/C128 ~

*SS')' IE$T~~EE$. ~

~GD

00300

THE FORK TREE MAY BECOME COMPLEX.

*
If this Substitute command were given for a large file containing
many words that begin with S and contain an E, the word TREE
would replace all occurrences as shown below:
*P500~

00500

SAVE, SINGLE, SUBSTITUTE, SAMPLE, SPACE

*/C128 ~

*SS / ) / IEf TF:EEf • @)
GD GO

00500

TREE, TREE, TREE, TREE, TREE

*
It is important, therefore, that you understand the effects of
the special character I) (any arbitrary number of) when used with
another special character in a Substitute command.
5.

This example illustrates any arbitrary number
semicolon being replaced by a comma (,).
*P300/2 ~
00300
YOU CAN INSERT; DELETE; OR PRINT LINES.
*/C128~

*S')':;$,$.@)

t t

GO~

00300

YOU CAN INSERT, DELETE, OR PRINT LINES.

7-5

the

separator

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
6.

In this example you must switch '7 and the two up-arrows (~~)
on
line number 100. The '7'7 quotes the special character '7 in the
text line.
This text is again used in Section 7.4 to illustrate
the "quote next character" ('7) in the replacement string.

*/C128 ~
*Pl100 ~
01100
THE'7 IN IC64 IS THE SAME AS
*S'7'7 ~

IN IC128.

~ ~@)
............
, '7f1100 ~

GO
IN IC64 IS THE SAME AS "7 IN IC128.

01100
THE
*/C64 ~

*F'. ~
01100

THE

IN IC64 IS THE SAME AS '7 IN IC128.

*
7.4

SPECIAL REPLACEMENT CHARACTERS

Special replacement characters allow you to take a pattern of matched
characters, as specified by the special match characters in the
match-string, and replace them in the text line(s) of a
file without
retyping them.
The following special characters may be used only in
the replacement-string of the Substitute command, with the exception
of the '7 character which may be used in both the match-string and the
replacement-string:

IC64

IC128

Character

Mnemonic

Takes the Value of
the characters matched by the next
sequential special character
in the
match-string.

'*n'*

the characters matched by the nth
special character in the match-string.

quot~s

the next
character~
next
character may be a special character
or a string of characters.

(For the ANSI names and abbreviations of the IC64 characters, refer to
Tables C-l and C-2 in Appendix C.)
The examples
the contents
character in
represented
text line.

use the ICl28 mnemonics.
The example below illustrates
of the three lines of text being changed. The '" special
the repLacement-string will replace any single character
by the 'I special character in the match-string for each

7-6

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FINQ AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
*/C128 GID

*P1400! 3 GID
01400
PTR1: TEMPAtl;
01500
PTR2: TEMPA+2;
01600
PTR3: TEMPA+3;
*STEMPA+ 11$ tTEMF'A$1400: 1600 ~

GD
PTR1: l+TEMPA;
F'TR2: 2+TEMPA;
PTR3: 3+TEMPA;

01400
01500
01600

*
in the
In the example below, the words DOG and FOX must be reversed
text line.
The
I II special character
in the replacement-string
specifies the pattern of characters from the match-string as specified
by the
I) 1/ special characters (which represent any arbitrary number
of any character).
*/C128 GIG

*Pl00 0i:0
00100
THE QUICK BROWN DOG JUMPED OVER THE LAZY FOX.
*SDOG
IFOXfFOX [lOG1. (lli-)
I

00100

)

•

GD
C~~J
THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.

*
You can also change this text line using special
the replacement-string as shown below:

character

*/C128 ~

*Pl00 ~
00100
THE QUICK BROWN DOG JUMPED OVER THE LAZY FOX.
*SDOG/)'IFOXfFOX/*l/*DOGt·~

00100

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.

7-7

I*n l *

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
The following diagram illustrates the pattern
replaces the matched pattern of characters:

(
*5

DOG

JUMPED OVER THE LAZY

FOX

characters

DOG

that

G!D

The special replacement characters '*1'* could also be '".
The example below shows the same
Substitute
command with special
represents a space.

text line and a more complex
characters.
The
'b'
character

*Pl00~

00100

THE QUICK BROWN DOG JUMPED OVER THE LAZY FOX.

*/C128 G!D
*S' ) , ID' ) , Ib' ) , IF' ) , I • $ I • F '*4' *b I *3 I *[1' *2' *. $1 00 ~

00100

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.

7-8

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
The following diagram illustrates. the pattern
replaces the matched pattern of characters:

THE QUICK BROWN D

OGb

1)1/0

I ) lib

THE QUICK BROWN F

characters

JUMPED OVER THE LAZY F
I ) IIF

ox.
I) 'I.

JUMPED OVER THE LAZY D
, *3'*D

I "F

that

OG.

1*2 1•

In the example below, the text line contains the special character '7,
which must be reversed with the two up-arrows (ftft). The '" special
replacement character takes the value IN /C64 IS THE SAME AS, and the
'7'7 quotes
(or places)
this special character at the end of the
replacement-string.
*/C128 G!D

*f'1200 G!D
01200
THE'7 IN IC64 IS THE SAME AS
*8' 7' 7' ) , I~'"
l ' 7 f1200 ~

t. . . ,·

01200

THE

IN IC128.

IN IC64 IS THE SAME AS '7 IN IC128.

*
The '7 special character's main purpose is to quote any special
but it may quote and also replace any
characters used in a file;
character in /C128 mode.

7-9

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
In the example below, the characters Y and X are reversed.
*/C128 ~
*F'80 ~
TYPE 104(Y,X);
00080
*8' ) , / ( , ) , /, , ) , / ) $ , 1 '
3'

* *( , * *, , *2 ' *) $. GIQ

TYPE 104(X·,Y);

00080

The following diagram illustrates the pattern
replaces the matched pattern of characters:

TYPE 104(
GD GD
I
II I (

characters

that

Xl
lill

GD GD

TYPE 104(
I * 11 • (

0.......-.

The first pattern of characters 1*1 1*( is TYPE 104(, the second
pattern of characters 1*2 1*) is Y, and the third pattern of characters
1*3 1 *, is X.

7-10

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS
The example below illustrates a Substitute command using special
matching and replacement characters that will replace any pattern of
characters on a text line with the matched pattern,
eliminating all
trailing spaces from the line.
Null strings of spaces will not be
removed. The Ib l character represents a space.
*F'~:* ~

00100
00200
00300
00400

THIS
THIS
THIS
THIS

IS LINE ONE.
IS LINE TWO.
IS A NULL STRING:
IS LINE FOUR.

*
Line numbers 100, 200, and 400 contain ten trailing spaces as
shown with the Alter command below:

can

*Al00 GIQ
00100
THIS IS LINE ONE.

13S~

*/C128 ~
*S I /';bb I ) b I/,; I

If Ifro,: *GID
I

GD GD
00100
00200
00400

THIS IS LINE ONE.
THIS IS LINE TWO.
THIS IS LINE FOUR.

*p,o,:* ~

00100
00200
00300
00400

THIS IS LINE ONE.
THIS IS LINE TWO.
THIS IS A NULL STRING:
THIS IS LINE FOUR.

*
If you perform the same Alter command on line number 100, the
will be placed after the period (.).

*A100 GID
00100
THIS IS LINE ONEt
....

t
13S~

pointer

....

*
The special characters l%bbl)bl%lj in the match-string represent the
The special
last
nonspace character and any trailing spaces.
character III in the replacement-string represents the matched last
nonspace character of the line.
This form of the Substitute command is useful for
storing files within a directory.

7-11

saving

space

when

SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN FIND AND SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS

7-12

CHAPTER 8
LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS

To reference the contents of a line in an SOS file, you usually use
the line number and/or page number. SOS formats, for example, use the
words "position" and "range" which refer to line numbers.
However, there is another way to reference a line or lines.
You can
use the contents of the line(s) instead of the line number(s). One
advantage of this technique is that it gives you a choice when you
work with unsequenced files, i.e., files stored without line numbers
to save storage space. You can resequence the file and use line
numbers or you can use the line contents directly.
This method for editing your file is most useful when your file
contains more than 99,999 lines (the /MAXLN option default value) and
you do not wish to create new pages for additional input or for
editing.

8.1

LINE CONTENTS COMMAND FORMATS

The SOS commands have a different command format when you specify line
contents instead of line/page numbers:

*any-SOS-Command~start-here! ~

: ffinish-heref ~

OK)

Arguments:
start-here

is a string of characters in the line where
the SOS command will start its operation.
The first occurrence of the string after the
present position will be used.
If the string
start-here is not found, SOS prints the
message: %NO SUCH LINE(S).

finish-here

is a string of characters in the line where
the SOS command will end its operations.
If
the string finish-here is not found, SOS
prints the message: %NO SUCH LINE(S) and no
action is taken.

8-1

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
If only the string start-here is specified,
the range contains one
line, the one that contains the characters of start-here. The command
format takes the form:

*any-SOS-Command!start-here~~

You may also combine line contents specifications and the regular
line/page-number specifications in the SOS command to specify the
range to search for the start-here string. The command format takes
the form:

*any-SOS-Commandtstart-here~~

:line/page-number~

(Notice that the line/page-number follows the colon.)
When you use line contents specification, the pointer will only move
forward through a file.
To move the pointer backward through a file,
an additional argument, line/page number, must be specified after the
start-here<ESC> and before the <RET>. The command format takes the
form:

*any-sos-command~start-here~line/page-number~
:ffinish-heret~

CEO
The character string finish-here<ESC> may
be
followed
by
a
line/page-number argument in this command format or it may be omitted.
The line/page-number (/1 and /2 used in examples) is useful when you
are not sure of your current position relative to the end of the file,
since it guarantees the entire file will be searched.

8.2

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATION EXAMPLES

Line contents specifications are
somewhat
more
complex
than
line/page-number specifications, but they may be helpful when you are
editing large files.
The following examples illustrate some of the
80S commands that use line contents instead of a range specification.
An explanation follows each example.

8-2

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
1.

GOCGD
!

*p ONE$ 0!:D
: $TEN$GIQ
t t

G:DG=>
C@

00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600
00700
00800
00900
01000

LINE ONE
LINE TWO
LINE THREE
LINE FOUr~
LINE FIVE
LINE SIX
LINE SEVEN
LINE EIGHT
LINE NINE
LINE TEN

*
You issue a Print command showing the file that will be
the examples.

used

all

GQGf
*Ci TE N$/1 C@
'foNEt/1 C@

GDGQ

:lrwof/l C@

GDGQ
~

GpGp
*P~TENt/1 C!B
:/1 C@

01000
01100
01200

LINE TEN
LINE ONE
LINE TWO

*
For demonstration purposes, you issue a Copy command, copying the
first two lines of text and placing them at the end of the file.
When
the pointer is at the end of the file
(as a result of the Copy
command),
the /1 specification (with the line contents specification
format) is needed to force SOS to look through the entire contents of
the file.

8-3

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
~GQ

F'$SIX_/l G!D

G!D

00600

LINE SIX

GD~

*MJSIXl/lG:Q

*F'iSIxi/2G!D

00600

LINE SIX

*
You mark a page mark for page 2 on the line that contains the word SIX
as contents.

You move the pointer (. command) to the line at the beginning
file where the word ONE exists.
5.

the

GU
*XiSFVENi G!D
(ED

PAGE 2
:fEIGHTf C§)

G.D

~
00700
00800

GD
L.INE BEVEN OF TEXTG!D
LINE EIGHT OF TEX.TG:Q

*
You issue an eXtend command for a range of lines that contain the word
SEVEN through EIGHT. SOS prints PAGE 2 indicating that word SEVEN, at
the beginning of the range, was found on page 2.
Whenever you issue an SOS command using line contents as a range
specification, SOS takes the command, after you press RETURN the first
time, as if a Find command were issued.
If the contents cannot be
found, SOS types the message %NO SUCH LINE(S).

8-4

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
8.3

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATION IN THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND

The Substitute command with
takes the form:

*Sexisting-str
:jfiniSh-heref

GO
GD

the

line

contents

. GD~

range

specification

ing~new-str i.ngttstart-heret~

This format establishes a range of lines.
An additional feature of this Substitute command exists when line
contents are specified.
You can specify up to three boundaries for
the substitutions to execute in the contents of your file.
(Refer to
the last two examples in this section, for a description of how these
boundaries are used.)
~

*sexisting-string!new-stringttstart-here!~

This format establishes a range of one line only.
In either of the two Substitute command formats shown above, the
substitute options or line numbers or both may be specified at the end
of the command.
with the file used in the previous section of
following
examples illustrate the Substitute
contents as a range specification.
1.

this chapter, the
command with line

You substitute the word ELEVEN for the word TEN on
contains the word TEN.
~

*STENiELEVEN!$ TEN$

~
01000

TEXT ELEVEN

8-5

line

that

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS

When you use the original file, you substitute the word TEXT for
all
occurrences
of
the
word
LINE.
The line contents
specification (i.e., the "range") is from the line that contains
ONE to the line that contains TEN.
(Another explanation of the
range from ONE to TEN is to call it a "boundary" if this file
were to expand many lines or many pages.) The substitute option
number is specified to force the substitution to occur ten times.

.,,

(lS(

*SLINE$TEXT$$ONE$/l GD

• •

:$TEN$,10~

C§:)
00100
00200
00300
00400
00500
00600
00"700
00800
00900
01000

TEXT ONE
TEXT TWO

TEXT THREE
TEXT FOUf::
TEXT FIVE
TEXT SIX
TEXT SEVEN
TEXT EIGHT
TEXT NINE
TEXT TEN

*
3.

In the next example, you issue a Substitute command with three
boundaries as specifications for the range the substitution will
execute in. When your file is extremely large and you are
editing without line numbers, this Substitute command is useful
when you want to explicitly set the range
(boundary)
for the
substitution. Using the text file from the previous examples, an
inner boundary of lines that contain the words FOUR through SIX
are set to substitute the word TEXT for LINE. A second boundary
is specified as the lines that contain the words THREE through
SEVEN, and a third boundary is specified as the lines that
contain the words TWO through EIGHT. This example is impractical
for a small file,' but it will illustrate the full use of three
boundaries and the =STRING command.

8-6

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
• SOS/NONUMBEF~ SAMPLE. TXT(®
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*f;'fONEf~

GDGD
:fTENf Q!D

GDGD
GID
LINE ONE
LINE TWO
LINE T~H~EE
LINE FOUl:;:

LINE FIVE
LINE SIX

LINE BEVEN
LINE EIGHT
LINE NINE
LINE TEN

, ,

~GD

: $SIXf$THREEf.ll Q!;D
~

@:)

JSEVENtiTWOV1~
~~

G})G})

:tEfGHT!/l ~

GID
~

GI0
TEXT F()UI;~
TEXT FIVE
TEXT ~:)IX

8-7

LINE CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS
4.

Now you give the Print command to display the entire file,
line contents specifications as the range.

using

*f'iONE!
GD~

:iTEN1~

LINE ONE
LINE TWO
LINE THREE
TEXT FOUR
TEXT FIVE
TEXT SIX
LINE SEVEN
LINE EIGHT
LINE NINE
LINE TEN

*
5.

When you give the =STRING command, the entire Substitute command
specifications are listed so that you can check the characters
and the line contents used as boundaries.

*::::STRING ~
FIND:
SUBSTITUTE:
TEXT
FOR:
LINE
LINE-CONTENTS:
SIX
2:
SEVEN
3:

EIGHT

8-8

CHAPTER 9
SOS FILE BACKUP

It is recommended that, while you are creating or editing a file on
your installation of the TOPS-IO monitor, you back up your file often
enough to protect your inputs and edits.
SOS file backup may be
accomplished with the /ISAVE or /SAVE option or with the World command
without ending your SOS session.
It is good practice to back up your
files every 15 minutes or so during an SOS session.
In that way, you
are sure of not losing more than 15 minutes' work if the system
crashes.
Though backing up your file may be time-consuming, it will
prevent you from having to st~rt allover again.

9.1

THE WORLD (SAVE-THE-WORLD) COMMAND

The World command saves your file,
but lets you continue editing
without ending the SOS session. The world command does not change
your place in the file.
It is good practice to give the World
(or
End)
command before walking away from your terminal so that your work
is saved.
To give the World command, type a W at SOS command level and press
RETURN. SOS prints the name of the file and leaves you at SOS command
level.

CDSKC:SAMPLE.TXT[27,5107J]

*
The World command creates a backup file with the file extension .Qxt
and saves all edits to your file made since the last backup file was
created.
In the example above, SAMPLE.TXT was saved with the current
edits and a SAMPLE.QXT file was created. SAMPLE.QXT consists of your
input file without the current edits.
If the /OLD option was set, a file extension of .Zxt would be created
(instead of a
.Qxt-extension file) if a .Zxt-extension file did not
already exist.

9-1

SOS FILE BACKUP
9.2

THE AUTO-SAVE FEATURE

The auto-save feature is initiated when you specify or set the /ISAVE
or /SAVE options.
If you are creating a new file, specify the
/ISAVE:n option in the SOS command before or after the entire file
specification.
If you aLe editing a file, specify the /SAVE:n option
in the SOS command before or after the entire file specification.
Both options must be specified with a number (n), from 1 to 99999,
which sets the auto-save feature to occur after that number of SOS
commands.
The difference between /ISAVE and /SAVE is that /ISAVE is
intended for the Input mode and /SAVE is intended for the Edit mode.
The /ISAVE operates after n lines have been input whereas /SAVE
operates after n SOS commands have been given that change the file
contents.
The /ISAVE or /SAVE option remains in effect for the
duration of the SOS session or until you change it.

9.2.1

File Backup While Inputting

In the /ISAVE:n option, the "n" specifies that auto-save will be
performed after
"n" lines have been entered as text into your file.
In the example below, you create a file SAMPLE.TXT,
specifying the
/ISAVE option with the" number :3 •

•SOS/ISAVE: 3 SAMPL.E. TXT
INPUT: SAMPLE. TXT
00100
LINE ONE ~
00200
LINE TWO ~
0()300
LINE THREE ~
[DOING

AUTO-SAVE~

PLEASE WAIT.]

CDSKC:SAMPLE.TXTJ
00400
After every third line is entered
into the file,
SOS performs an
auto-save automatically and then continues with the next sequential
line number to be entered.
If you end the SOS session at line number
400 with an EQ command, your file will be saved because it was backed
up by the auto-save feature.
If you issue a World command before your file
is saved by the
auto-save feature,
the /ISAVE value is reset to zero and the count
begins again to auto-save automatically after n lines.

9.2.2

File Backup While Editing

in the /SAVE:n option, the "n" specifies that auto-save will occur
after
"n" SOS commands have been issued.
SOS commands not counted by
this option are those commands that do not change the contents of the
text within the file.
In the example below, you edit the file
SAMPLE.TXT, specifying the /SAVE option with the number :3.

9-2

SOS FILE BACKUP
.SOS/SAVE:3 SAMF'LE.TXT
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT

*Xl00~

00100
LINE ONE PAGE ONE~
*R200 G!D
00200
TEXT LINE TW00!D
1 LINES (00200/1) DELETED
*It300~

1 LINES (00300/1) DELETED
[DOING AUTO-SAVE, PLEASE WAIT.]
(DSKC:SAMPLE.TXTl27,5107]J

*
After every third SOS command that changes the contents of the file,
an auto-save will automatically be performed and you will be returned
to Edit mode (SOS command level).
If you issue a World command before your file is saved by one of the
auto-save options,
the /SAVE value is reset to begin its count from
that save.

9.3

SAVING YOUR FILE

The End command will save your file and end SOS. The Go command will
also save your file, end SOS, and execute the last COMPILE, EXECUTE,
LOAD, or DEBUG command that was given at TOPS-IO command level prior
to the SOS session.
SOS creates a backup file with a file extension of .Qxt when your file
is edited for the first tim~. The "xt" of the extension is the last
two alphanumeric characters from the file extension of your
input
file.
Thus,
if your file was named FILNAM.ABC, your .Qxt file is
named FILNAM.QBC. The .Qxt file is updated automatically each time
you save your file.
You can suppress the creation or update of this
.Qxt file by setting the /NOBAK option or by using the B option of the
End or Go command.

9.3.1

Ending SOS Saving The-Line Numbers

Type E (or G) and press the RETURN key to end SOS and save
with
line
numbers.
SOS
saves
your
file,
prints
specifications, and leaves you at TOPS-IO command level.

[DSKC:STATS.DAT[27,5107]]
or

[DSKC:STATS.DAT[27,5107J]
(The appropriate TOPS-IO command is executed next.)

9-3

the
the

file
file

SOS FILE BACKUP
SOS automatically renames the original file to filnam.Qxt
and
retains the line numbers. In this example, besides the new STATS.DAT,
the original STATS.DAT is now called STATS.QAT, thus providing a
convenient way to check changes. The .Qxt file also retains its line
numbers. You may delete the
.Qxt file with the TOPS-IO command
DELETE, but you should do so only after you are sure that you have
made the proper changes to your file.
You may use the /NOBAK option
to suppress creating or updating the .Qxt file, for example, to save
space.

9.3.2

Ending SOS Without Saving The Line Numbers

Give the ES (or GS) command to end SOS,
remove the line numbers
(unsequence the file), and then save the file.
SOS removes the line
numbers, prints the file specification, and then leaves you at TOPS-IO
command level. Both the ES and GS commands create a backup file with
the file extension .Qxt.
(The .Qxt backup file retains the line
numbers of the original file only if the original file contained the
line numbers before the SOS session.)

(DSKC:STATS.DAT(27,5107JJ
The ES (or GS) command is useful when you are preparing a file
will be read by a program that does not recognize line numbers.

that

If your directory contains many files and you must conserve space, end
your SOS sessions with an ES or GS. The savings in disk space can be
substantial, as shown in the following example •

• SOS COBOL t CBl ~
EDIT: COBOl.CBl
*ESGE)
(DSKC:COBOl.CBl(27,5107JJ
.DIRECT/AllOCGD
COBOL
aBl
15 (055)
12-JAN-78
DSKC:
(27,5107J
COBOL
CBl
10 (055)
12-JAN-78
TOTAL OF 25 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON DSKC: (27,5107J

An allocated IS-block COBOL source program is edited by removing the
line numbers. with the TOPS-IO command DIRECT (for Directory) and the
/ALLOC switch (for allocated length), you can display the two files in
the directory.
The original COBOL source program file allocated 15
blocks in the directory:
the unsequenced COBOL source program file
allocated only 10 blocks.
You save 5 blocks of storage in your
directory.

9-4

SOS FILE BACKUP

Other Programs And Line Numbers
Some programs may not operate properly
if they attempt to read a file that
contains line numbers.
In such a case,
stop the program, run SOS, and use the
ES command to save the file without line
numbers.

9.3.3

Ending SOS with No Backup File

Type EB (or GB) and press RETURN to end SOS, save your edited file,
and automatically suppress the creation of any backup files.
Even if
the SOS option /OLD is in effect,
the EB and GB commands prevent
creation of the
.Zxt file extension as well as the
.Qxt file
extension.
(If the /NOBAK option is set, you do not need to specify
the B option when you give the End or Go command, as the /NOBAK option
suppresses the creation of any backup files.)
In summary, the EB command saves your currently edited file, does not
create or update a
.Qxt file,
and returns you to TOPS-IO command
level.
The GB command saves your currently edited file;
does not
create or update a .Qxt file;
and executes the last COMPILE, EXECUTE,
LOAD, or DEBUG command before returning you to the TOPS-IO command
level •
•[lIRECT G!D
NUM
NUM

FOR
3 (055)
7-[lEC-77
DSKe:
[27,5107J
QOR
3 (055)
7-·DEC·-77
TOTAL OF 6 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON [lSKC: [27,5107J

.S05 fOLD NUM. FOR G!D
EDIT: NUM.FOR
*STIPE lTYPE r':*,N ~
~GD

[[lSKC:NUM+FOR[27~5107JJ

.[1 I REeT

NUM

G!D

FOR
3 (055)
12-JAN-78
DSKC:
[27,5107J
TOTAL OF 3 BLOCKS IN 1 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5107]

In the example above, you edited the file NUM.FOR, specifying the SOS
option /OLD for
the creation of a .Zxt file extension backup.
By
typing the EB command, you suppressed the creation of both the
.Qxt
file extension and the .Zxt file extension.

9-5

SOS FILE BACKUP
Depending on the file protection codes of the
.Qxt files
in your
directory path, the EB, GB, or WB commands may also delete those .Qxt
files as shown in the above example.
The default protection code,
<055>, allows you to delete the existing backup file when you give the
EB, GB, or WB commands.

9.3.4

Ending SOS without Saving The File

To end SOS without saving the changes you made to the
(or GQ) and press the RETURN key.

file,

type

The EQ, GQ, or WQ command does not save any changes made to the file
since you gave the last SOS command.
If you created a file, it is now
gone;
if you edited a file, the changes are now lost.
But if you
have given a World command during the SOS session, only the changes
made since your last World command are lost.
Since SOS does not have
to do any work, EQ, GQ, or WQ commands operate very quickly.
An EQ, GQ, or WQ command is useful in the following circumstances:
1.

When you have used SOS to merely read through a file,
there
is no reason to resave it because you have not made any
changes.

After you have given a command or an edit that makes your
file useless, you can give the EQ, GQ, or WQ command to
cancel that part of the SOS session.

If you want to try a particular SOS command, you can start
SOS, give a World command, and try the particular command.
Then, if the command does not work the desired way, give the
EQ, GQ, or WQ command to restore the original file.

End, Go, or World commands also have a delete capability. The ED, GO,
or WD commands must be used with extreme caution. They delete both
your edited file (output from SOS) AND your original file
(input to
SOS)
unless your original file has a protection code greater than or
equal to <400>.

9.4

SOS BACKUP FILES

Every time you change an existing file and then save it with an End,
Go, or World command, SOS creates a backup file.
The following
examples show, by the creation and editing of a text file in SOS, how
the backup files are managed •

• SOS TEXT. F 1 L ~
TEXT.FIL

INPUT:
00100
002()O

*E CED

ONE HUNDf<ED GrD

[[tSKB:TEXT.FILJ

9-6

SOS FILE BACKUP
After the creation of the file, there is only one image
TEXT.FIL in the directory path:
[27,5107] •

the

file

and

your

• DIRECT ~
TEXT
FIL
1 (055)
3-MAY-78
DSKB: [27,5107]
TOTAL OF 1 BLOCKS IN 1 FILES ON DSKB: [27,5107J
Now add a line to the file and save the changes •
• 80S TEXT.FIl~
EDIT: TEXT.FIL
*I200~

00200
00300

TWO

HUNDF~ED~

~
*E~

CDSKB:TEXT.FIL[27,5107JJ
The original file, TEXT.FIL, has been renamed to
current file (with two lines) is TEXT.FIL •

TEXT.QIL,

• DIF:ECT~
TEXT
all
1 (055)
3-MAY-78
DSKS:
[27,5107]
TEXT
FIl
1 (055)
3-MAY-78
TOTAL OF 2 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON D8KS: [27,5107J

Add a third line to the file and save the changes •
•SOS TEXT .FIL ~
EDIT: TEXT.FIL..
*1300 ~
00300
THREE HUNDRED ~
00400

*E~

[DSKB:TEXT.FIl[27,5107JJ

The original file, TEXT.QIL, consisting of one line of input has been
deleted.
The current .QIL file contains two lines of input and the
TEXT.FIL file contains three lines of input •
•DIRECT G8
TEXT
all
1 <055>
3-MAY-78
DSKS:
[27,5107J
TEXT
FIl
1 <05S)
3-MAY-78
TOTAL OF 2 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON DSKS: [27,5107]

If you do not want the .QIL files, you can set the /NOBAK option when
you start the SOS session or during it. The /NOBAK option will not
allow the current .QIL file to be updated when you save the TEXT.FIL
file;
it remains unchanged.

9-7

SOS FII.E BACKUP
Now set the /NOBAK option when you edit the file.

• SOS TEXT .FIL (ill)
EDIT: TEXT.FIL
*/NOBAK~

* 1400 (]!D
00400
00500

FOUR HUNI:IRE:[lG!D

[DSKB:TEXT.FIL[27,5107JJ
The current updated file is TEXT.FIL (contains four text lines), and
the
.QIL file still contains only two lines of text. The TEXT.FIL
file that contained the three lines of text was deleted automatically.
If you want to continually use this feature, add the /NOBAK option to
your SWITCH.INI file. Whenever you run SOS, the /NOBAK option is then
automatically given for you.
NOTE
If you do a lot of creating and editing
of small files, backup files may become
space- and time-consuming.
If
so,
include
the
/NOBAK option in your
SWITCH.INI file or issue the option when
starting an SOS session.

If you specify or set the /OLD option either when you originally
created the TEXT.FIL file or at any time when you edit this file, a
.ZIL file would be created. The .ZIL file would contain the contents
of your file as it appeared before any edits took place.

9-8

SOS FILE BACKUP
9.5

-INSUFFICIENT DISK SPACE - WELL?- MESSAGE

If you exceed your disk block quota or available memory during an SOS
session, SOS is unable to perform the last command given or to write
your file to your specified directory path. It prints a message to
that effect:
WELL'~

and awaits a response.
This section describes the possible responses you can employ, but
there is no guarantee that they will work at all times:
results are
unpredictable. This is an unsupported feature of SOS.
If the last command given was other than an End, Go, or World command,
SOS prints:
WELL'~

If the last command was an End, Go, or World command
auto-save, SOS print~:

possibly

[INSUFFICIENT DISK SPACE TO DO OUTPUTl
nnnn DISK BLOCKS IN YOUR AREA ON dey
nnnnn BLOCKS FOR' ALL USERS ON THIS STRUCTURE

WELL?
Where:
nnnn

is the number of blocks in your disk area. This is the
same response you would have gotten if you had given
the =DISK command.

dev

is the structure to which output is being done.

nnnnn

is the total number of blocks
device structure.

When you type an H to the WELL?, SOS will
responses that you can give.

all

users

list

the

four

that

acceptable

WELL 1 H
YOU MUST TYPE:
G - DO THE OUTPUT (NOW AND FOREVER).
T - TEST DISK SPACE AND DO OUTPUT IF SPACE AVAILABLE.
R - GIVE RESOURCES AND DO OUTPUT IF SPACE AVAILABLE.
W - WAIT UNTIL EITHER SPACE APPEARS OR YOU TYPE
A DIFFERENT RESPONSE.
WELL?
Besides these four possible responses, you can press CTRL/C and type
any of the five commands to the YES? response to either save your
file, if possible, or return to the TOPS-IO monitor.
If you use the CTRL/C and return to the TOPS-IO monitor, give the
TOPS-IO command DIRECT to check your directory.
There may be a
nnnSOS.TMP file in your directory that will contain your file and all
edits up to the point when you received the WELL? reply.
(Refer to
Chapter 10, for information on how to use this file.)

9-9

SOS FILE BACKUP
It is strongly recommended that you maintain enough free disk blocks
in the specified directory so that this message will never appear
during an SOS session. Back up your files on tape or another disk, or
break up a large file into smaller parts for your SOS session to
prevent the directory from becoming congested.

9.5.1

Well? - G Response

By typing a G to the WELL? question, you are attempting to force SOS
to do the output.
In most instances, nothing will happen and SOS will
print the informational message:
WELL" G
8450 DISK BLOCKS IN YOUR AREA ON DSKC
96800 BLOCKS FOR ALL USERS ON THIS STRUCTURE
WELL?
At this point you should try one of the other WELL?

commands.

If the G command works, the Edit mode prompt (*) will reappear or SOS
will indicate that your file was backed up and the TOPS-IO prompt (.)
will appear.

9.5.2

Well? - T Response

By typing a T to the WELL?
disk for available space.
message DSK OK NOW.

question, you are attempting to test your
In most instances, SOS will reply with the

WELL" T
DSf( OK NOW.
At this point, you may receive the SOS asterisk prompt indicating that
your last SOS command has finished executing.
If you receive the
TOPS-IO period prompt, your edited file has been saved in the
specified directory path.
If neither the asterisk or period prompt
appear, SOS will reply again with the following message:
(INSUFFICIENT DISK SPACE TO DO OUTPUT]
8450 DISK BLOCKS IN YOUR AREA ON DSKC
96800 BLOCKS FOR ALL USERS ON THIS STRUCTURE
WELL'?
At this time you should try another response to WELL?

9-10

SOS FILE BACKUP
9.5.3

Well? - R Response

By typing an R to the WELL? question, you are attempting to print
your disk resources,
test your disk for available space, and, if
possible, make the copy.
If the R response works,
the SOS asterisk
prompt
(or TOPS-IO period prompt)
will appear on your terminal.
Otherwise, the following message will appear:
WELL"~ R
8450 DISK BLOCKS IN YOUR AREA ON DSKC
96800 BLOCKS FOR ALL USERS ON THIS STRUCTURE
DSK OK NOW.

[INSUFFICIENT DISK SPACE TO DO OUTPUT]
8450 DISK BLOCKS IN YOUR AREA ON DSKC
96800 BLOCKS FOR ALL USERS ON THIS STRUCTURE
WELL?
At this point you should try another response or press CTRL/C and
respond to the YES?
(Refer to Chapter 2, Section 2.4.2 or Appendix A
for the responses to the YES?)

9.5.4

Well? - W Response

When you type a W to the WELL? question, SOS will wait until either
space becomes available on disk or in memory or until you type a
different response to the WELL? message. SOS will wait indefinitely,
or until the system crashes, or until you type any other response.
If
you give another response while SOS is waiting, SOS will respond as if
to an R response.
A possible solution is to login to the TOPS-IO system from another
terminal and backup and/or delete some files to obtain available
space. As with all the WELL? responses, this mayor may not work.

9-11

SOS FILE BACKUP

9-12

CHAPTER 10
HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS

This chapter describes in detail the procedures SOS uses to protect
your inputs and edits through its use of temporary buffer files and
backup files. When you start an SOS session, SOS creates, in the
directory
path,
a
temporary
buffer file that will be used
automatically to create or update your output file when you give an
End, Go, or World command.
In addition, SOS may create an extra
temporary buffer file when the current file exceeds the available
memory for the SOS session. The amount of available memory allotted
to an SOS session is 1280 words. This amount can be changed within
the SOS source code~
the SOS source must then be re-assembled for
your installation.

10.1

HOW SOS KEEPS THE CURRENT FILE IN MEMORY

SOS uses,
in addition to memory,
two temporary files
(called
nnnSOS.TEM and nnnSOS.TMP) to keep track of your current edits. Thus,
when you give an End, Go, or World command, SOS must first combine:
1.

The edits in memory

The nnnSOS.TEM file

The nnnSOS.TMP file

before it can create the new version of the source file that will
contain them.
In the event that the system crashes while you are
editing, you can obtain a major portion of your edits by properly
combining one or more of the files.
The next paragraphs contain a description of how SOS creates and
these files and how you use them to recover from a system crash.

uses

Remember that either of the temporary buffer files described in this
section occur before 80S creates a new image copy of the source file.
Remember also that the source file
(or the edits themselves) must
exceed the memory words (1280 by default) for SOS to completely fill
either or both of the two temporary buffer files.
If the file you are
editing does not exceed the allotted memory words, your source file
and backup file are created as described in Section 10.2.

10-1

BOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
10.1.1

The Memory Buffer

Whenever you edit your file, SOS brings your file into memory.
SOS
allocates a portion of memory, and, if your file is large, SOS places
that part of your file that cannot fit in memory into the temporary
buffer file named nnnSOS.TEK. As a result, if you attempt to edit a
line that would cause the buffer to overflow, SOS transfers the
current buffer file, nnnSOS.TEM, to another buffer file, nnnSOS.TMP.
SOS never retrieves lines from the nnnSOS.TMP file;
it only transfers
lines to it.
So, if you want to edit a line that is located before
the first line in the current buffer (nnnSOS.TEM), SOS must:
1.

write the rest of the source file to the nnnSOS.TEM file

rename the nnnSOS.TEM file to be a nnnSOS.TMP file

use the nnnSOS.TMP file for input

create a new nnnSOS.TEM file

The four operations listed above occur automatically;
you cannot
control them.
You can, however, save SOS some trouble by localizing
your edits.
If you want to know the first line in the buffer,
type
the =LOCATION option command.
(The total number of lines in the
buffer at one time during an SOS session varies depending upon the
amount of text contents per line.)

10.1.2

The nnnSOS.TEM File

The nnnSOS.TEM file is created automatically by SOS in a session
containing any edits that SOS cannot fit 1n memory. This is a
temporary buffer file residing in your specified directory path during
an SOS session.
The "nnn" is a three-digit number that consists of
your TOPS-lO job number. Thus, the temporary buffer file for
job 26
on the TOPS-lO system may appear in the directory after a crash as:

.DIRECT ~
026S0S TEM
360 <055> 20-MAY-78
DSKC:
[27,5107]
TOTAL OF 360 BLOCKS IN 1 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5107J

This is its complete name format.
If it is empty, this file will not
even appear
in the directory because the system will delete it when
restarting. The 026 refers to your job number at the time the crash
occurred. You should always know your job number because there may be
other nnnSOS.TEM files when other users are editing files in the same
directory path.
When you exit from the SOS session in
becomes the new source file.

10-2

the

usual

manner,

this

file

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
10.1.3

The nnnSOS.TMP File

SOS creates an nnnSOS.TMP file as a temporary buffer file in your
specified directory path when you re-edit a portion of the file during
anyone SOS session. The "nnn" is a three-digit number that consists
of your current TOPS-IO job number.
When this temporary file is
created, it replaces your original input source file in the directory.
After a crash,
this temporary buffer file for job number 26 will
appear in the directory path as:
• DIRECT ~
026S0S TMP
360 (055) 20-MAY-78
DSKC:
[27,5107J
TOTAL OF 360 BLOCKS IN 1 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5107J

This is its complete name format.
If'it is empty, this file will not
replace your original source file and will not appear in the directory
because the system will delete it when restarting. The 026 refers to
your
job number at the time the crash occurred. You should always
know your job number as there may be other nnnSOS.TMP files when other
users are editing fil~s in the same directory path.
When you exit from the SOS session in the usual manner, this file
become the new edited source file, if it is the most complete.

10.1.4

may

Using The nnnSOS.TEM And nnnSOS.TMP Files

Suppose you want to edit the file TEST.FOR.

Give the command:

• SOS TEST. FOR ~
EDIT: TEST.FOR

SOS reads the contents of the source fil~ and copies it to memory.
SOS allocates a portion of memory in which to perform its functions.
(The portion of memory allocated to your SOS session is usually a
memory buffer.)
When you edit a portion of the file, it must be
brought into that memory buffer before you can make any changes.
After you make the changes, SOS has five work areas.
1.

The current edits (kept in memory)

The nnnSOS.TEM buffer file (in the directory)

The nnnSOS.TMP buffer file (in the directory)

The source file (TEST.FOR in the directory)

The backup file (TEST.QOR in the

10-3

~irectory)

HOW SOS HANDLES PILES AND BUPPERS

The Symbol

In the diagrams that follow, the symbol
indicates SOS's position in the
particular buffer or file.

SOURCE FILE

...

MEMORY BUFFER

=>1-_... _ ... ~

..~.

...

The editing functions of inserting, deleting, and changing lines takes
place automatically after the memory buffer is full.

10-4

BOW SOS BANDLES~FILES AND BUFFERS
The first time you access a part of your file beyond the capacity of
the memory buffer, SOS places the contents of the memory buffer in the
nnnSOS.TEM file, then refills the memory buffer.

SOURCE FILE

***

.TEM FILE
(026S0S.TEM)

MEMORY BUFFER

***

:::>1

***

----------------~
***

***

10-5

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
In the same manner, if ¥ou access lines past the capacity of the
second memory, SOS coples the contents of the second memory buffer to
the nnnSOS.TEM file and then refills the memory buffer again •

SOURCE FILE

MEMORY BUFFER

***

.TEM FILE
(026S0S.TEM)

***

10-6

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
Now, if you want to edit a line that was located in the
buffer, SOS must do four things:
1.

first

memory

Copy the rest of the sourcel file to the nnnSOS.TEM file •

SOURCE FILE

***

=>L__
MEMORY BUFFER

~tVI

***

.TEM FILE
(026S0S.TEM)

***

~~----------~

Close the source file (note that the source file has not been
altered) •

10-7

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
3.

Rename the nnnSOS.TEM file to be a nnnSOS.TMP file, then
it (instead of the source file) for input.

Create a new nnnSOS.TEM file that is initially empty •

.TMP FILE
(026505. TMP)

***

MEMORY BUFFER

use

.TEM FILE
(026505.TEM)

(empty)

When you exit from an SOS session, the SOS program will look at both
the nnnSOS.TMP file and the nnnSOS.TEM file and determine which file
is the more complete and up-to-date.
If the nnnSOS.TMP file exists
but there were no edits to it since its creation, the SOS program will
use the nnnSOS.TMP file to create the new source file.
If edits have
been performed after the creation of the nnnSOS.TMP file, the SOS
program creates the new source file using the nnnSOS.TEM file,
deleting the nnnSOS.TMP file and saving disk space.

10-8

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
10.2

WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR FILES AFTER AN E, G, OR WCOMMARD?

After an End, Go, or World command is given, SOS retains two copies of
your file. They are:
1.

the edited copy of the source file

the next most recent copy of the file
file)

(kept

the

backup

The edited copy of the source file becomes your output file from an
SOS session.
The file on disk that was the input to the SOS session
becomes the backup file. Thus to review the whole process,
if you
give the command:

• SOS NUMBER. TXT ~
EDIT: NUMBER.TXT

*
SOS makes a copy of this file in memory for the SOS session. When you
save this file, SOS automatically renames the file NUMBER.TXT in the
specified directory path to become your backup file and the edited
NUMBER. TXT file in memory to become your updated file. The backup
file has the same file specifications as your source file, but has a Q
as the first letter of the file extension. Thus, the backup file
associated with NUMBER. TXT is NUMBER.QXT.
If the /OLD option is in
effect, a backup file with a file extension beginning with the letter
Z is created if it does not already exist.
At the end of your SOS session, you give the End (or Go)
command to
save the file and end the SOS session. The same file operations
happen, in that SOS renames the old source file to be the backup file,
and then stores the current edits or input in a new source file.
In
actuality, SOS creates a temporary buffer file in the specified
directory path, containing your input and edited source file, and then
renames this temporary file as your new source file.
(Refer to
section 10.1 for a complete description of how the temporary buffer
file(s) work during an SOS session.)
Let's take the case where you are creating the file
First, you give the SOS command, and then type a line •

• SOS NUMBER.TXT~
INPUT: NUMBER. TXT
00100
00200

ONE GID

10-9

NUMBER.TXT.

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
At this point, your file resides only in memory, not on your default
directory path.
SOS has created a
temporary buffer file in the
directory, but it is empty.
CURRENT EDITS

ONE

MEMORY

To make a copy of the file in the directory, give the World command.

[DSKC:NUMBER.TXTJ

*
After you give the World command, SOS stores an image copy of the file
input from memory into a temporary buffer file (invisible to you),
renames this temporary buffer file to NUMBER.TXT, and then prints the
name of the source file in the directory path on your terminal.
This
is the first permanent image of the source file.
There is no backup
file yet,
but there is a duplicate copy of the file in memory and a
new temporary buffer file is created for the next End, Go,
or World
command.
CURRENT EDITS

NUMBER.TXT

ONE

MEMORY

SOURCE FI LE

Now insert a second line and press ESCape.
*:2<)() C~
0020()"~IU GJ~
00300

10-10

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
The input in memory contains tw.o lines, but the source
contains only one line.
CURRENT EDITS

file

disk

NUMBER.TXT

ONE
TWO

ONE

MEMORY

SOURCE FILE

When you now give the World command, SOS renames the source file on
disk to be the backup file NUMBER.QXT, stores an image copy of the
memory in the temporary buffer file, renames the temporary buffer file
to NUMBER.TXT, and creates a new, empty, temporary buffer file. Last,
SOS prints the name of the source file on your terminal.

lDSKC:NUMBER.TXT[27,5107JJ

*
The contents of the files are as follows:
CURRENT EDITS

NUMBER.TXT

ONE
TWO

SOURCE FILE

MEMORY

Now insert a third line and press ESCape.
*I]()O G!D
()()~·SOo

004()()

THF~EE
$

G!D

10-11

NUMBER.QXT

ONE

BACKUP FILE

HOW 50S HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
In this stage, the current edits contain three lines, the source
contains two lines, and the backup file contains one line.
CURRENT EDITS

NUMBER.TXT

ONE
TWO
THREE

NUMBER.QXT

ONE
TWO

SOURCE FILE

MEMORY

file

BACKUP FILE

Now give an End command to save the file and end the SOS session. The
End command causes 80S to automatically delete your NUMBER.QXT backup
file, rename the input source file (NUMBER.TXT) as the new backup file
(NUMBER.QXT), store the input from memory in the temporary buffer
file, rename this temporary buffer file as your new source file
(NUMBER.TXT) , and print the name of your source file on your terminal.
Your backup file now contains two lines of input.
Your source file
now contains three lines of input.
*E~
[DSKC: NUMBEF~. TXT[2"1, 510"1]:1

CURRENT EDITS

ONE
TWO
THREE

MEMORY

NUMBER.TXT

NUMBER.QXT

ONE
TWO
THREE

ONE
TWO

SOURCE FILE

Every time you give an End, Go, or
happens:

BACKUP FILE

World

command

the

same

process

The old backup file is deleted.

The input source file becomes the new backup file.

The temporary buffer file
memory.

The temporary buffer file is renamed as the new source file.

The source file specification is printed on your terminal.

retrieves

10-12

the

inputs/edits

from

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
10.2.1

Turning Off The Backup System - /NOBA! Option

If you do not want the backup files, set the /NOBAK option in your SOS
command at TOPS-IO command level, at SOS command level, or in your
SWITCH.INI file.
Then whenever you give an End, Go, or World command,
SOS will update only the source file1
it will not create any backup
file and if a backup file with a file extension of .Oxt already exists
for the file you are editing, this file will be deleted automatically
when you save your file if it has a protection code of less than
<400>.

10.2.2

Keeping A Permanent Backup File - /OLD Option

Each time you give an End, Go, or World command, SOS creates a new
backup file with the file extension of .Oxt. You may keep this file
as a permanent backup file by setting the /OLD option.
Whenever you
give an End, Go, or World command, SOS does not create the usual
backup file with the .Oxt file extension1
instead it creates a file
where the first letter of the extension is a Z.
If, however, there is
already a file with that file specification, SOS creates the normal
.Oxt backup file
(if not suppressed)
and leaves the .Zxt file
unchanged. Once a .Zxt file is created, SOS will not alter it.
The
only time SOS creates a .Zxt file is when one does not exist and the
/OLD option has been set.
For example, if you create a file TEST.FOR using the /OLD option, the
first time you give an End, Go, or World command, SOS creates the
source file TEST. FOR. After you give the second End, Go, or World
command and before you create TEST.OOR, SOS checks to see if TEST.ZOR
exists. Since it does not, SOS creates a TEST.ZOR file.
The next
time you issue an End, Go, or World command, SOS again checks to see
if a TEST.ZOR file exists. Since this file does now exist, SOS does
not create the .ZOR file, .but does create the .OOR file.
The /OLD option feature allows you to retain a copy of the file as it
exists before a series of SOS sessions. When you are satisfied with
the editing jobs~ you can then delete the .Zxt file and let SOS create
a new .Zxt file.

10-13

HOW SOS HANDLES PILES AND BUPPERS
10.3

RECOVERING PROM A SYSTEM CRASH

Suppose you are creating a new file without having set the /ISAVE or
/SAVE options and you have not given a World command since the session
began, and the TOPS-IO system crashes. You will have lost all of the
input.
When the TOPS-IO system restarts, you may have to reenter the
entire file again.
However, you may find a nnnSOS.TEM or a nnnSOS.TMP file
in your
specified directory path after the system restarts.
(Only rarely will
you find both buffer files in your directory at the same time.)
with
either buffer file,
you may be able to reconstruct a recent copy of
your file by following the steps outlined below.
1.

If neither buffer file exists, you will have to re-edit your
source file again.
You lost all edits back to the last
backup.

If the nnnSOS.TEM file survived the crash and it contains
edited text of your file, it may be somewhat incomplete. At
the TOPS-IO command level, rename this file so that SOS can
use the name again as the buffer file when you start the SOS
session to ~econstruct your file.
Using your original,
unedited source file or backup file which was on disk and not
lost by the system crash, and using the renamed buffer file,
you can copy the missing lines needed to restore your file.

If just the nnnSOS.TMP file survived, it is because you have
done an internal wrap around of the edited file.
This buffer
file will be complete, except for any edits done after the
internal wrap around occurred. The wrap around in this case
occurred when you re-edited a previously edited portion of
your file during the same SOS session. At TOPS-IO command
level, rename this file so that SOS can create another
nnnSOS.TMP file, if necessary, when you start the SOS session
to reconstruct your file.
To restore the file to the point
when the system crashed, you must reenter edits that occurred
after the internal wrap around.

If the occasion occurs where the nnnSOS.TEM file and the
nnnSOS.TMP file both exist in your specified directory path,
the nnnSOS.TEM file may be incomplete. Thus, if both buffer
files exist, rename each buffer file before starting the SOS
session to reconstruct your file.
Edit
the
renamed
nnnSOS.TEM file,
but this time copy the missing lines from
the renamed nnnSOS~TMP file.

The example on the next page assumes that you found after the system
rE~start
just the nnnSOS.TMP file.
The example will show a very small
amount of text, but, for the purpose of demonstration, it will assume
that the file does exceed the allocated memory words for the SOS
session. An nnnSOS.TEM file did exist before the system crash, but it
was empty.
When the system restarted,
the nnnSOS.TEM file was
deleted.

10-14

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
.SOS SAMPLE.TXTc::!!D
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*P* GB
20000
THIS IS THE LAST LINE OF THE FILE
*1. ~
20100
ONE G£)
20200
TWO c::!!D
20300
THREE~
20400
FOUR CEO
20500
FIVE G!:!)
20600
SIXGD
$
20700

*Pl0~

NO SUCH LINE(S)
*110 c::!!D
00010
THIS IS THE FIRST LINE OF TEXT.~

*
The PIO and the 110 commands above have caused the
internal wrap
around and the creation of the nnnSOS.TMP file.
At this point the
nnnSOS.TEM file has become empty.
In addition,
the nnnSOS.TMP file
has replaced the original source file SAMPLE.TXT in the specified
directory path.
The system crashes, and when it is operational again,
it prints a
message.
You log on and request a directory listing. The 026S0S.TMP
is the only file
that survived the crash.
This temporary file
replaced your SAMPLE.TXT file.

*
TTY NOT CONNECTED
RK3A4B KL10 SYSt1026 15:17:03
.LOGQ£)
JOB 26
RK3A4B KL10 SYStl026 TTY233
t27,5107Q£)
PASSWORD:
~
1306
22-MAY-78
WED
.[lIRECT ~
026808 TMP
418 <055> 22-MAY-78
DSKC:
[27,5107J
TOTAL OF 418 BLOCKS IN 1 FILES ON DSKe: [27,5107]

You now rename the temporary file 026S0S.TMP to be BUFFER.TXT •
• RENAME

BUFFER.TXT:;:;026S0S.TMF'~

FILES RENAMED:
026S0S.TMF'

10-15

HOW SOS HANDLES FILES AND BUFFERS
Now you start SOS to edit the file BUFFER.TXT and give Print
to check what previous edits were lost by the system crash •

commands

• SOS BUFFER. TXT~
EDIT: BUFFER. TXT
*f'20100 GTI)
20100
ONE
*P GiD
20100
ONE
20200
TWO
20300
THREE
20400
FOUF~
20500
FIVE
20600
SIX
*f'10@)
NO SUCH LINE(S)

*
You can now reenter line 00010 and end the SOS session
file.

save

your

*I10GTI)
00010
THIS LINE IS F~EPLACE[I BECAUSE OF THE CRASH. G!!)

*E~

[DSKC:BUFFER.TXT[27,5107]]

At this point, you may continue to edit the BUFFER. TXT
file specification or rename it to SAMPLE.TXT •

file

this

• RENAME SAMPLE. TXT;:::BUFFEF~. TXT~

FILES

f~ENAME[I:

BUFFER. TXT

A few cautions about recovering files:
1.

Always check the contents of the nnnSOS.TEM file,
the
nnnSOS.TMP file,
and the source and backup files very
carefully before you restore and· rename your edited source
file.

In the above example, the line numbers happened to be the
same.
If you have inserted lines or deleted lines, then the
line numbers may not match. Be careful to use the correct
line numbers.

10-16

APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS

Table A-I

Symbol

Meaning

First (line or page)

Current (line or page)

Last (line or page)

Command:

DEL or RUBOUT

Function:

Deletes one character from the current line being edited.

Example:

*R500 C§)
00500
THIS IS A SELETE\ETELES\IIELETE EXAMPLE.G!D

*F'. C£)
00500
THIS IS A IIELETE EXAMPLE.

*
Command:

CTRL/C

Function:

Stops SOS.

You must type one of the following:

to continue automatically
to end edit and close file
to quit and delete temporary files
to return to monitor now
R - to reenter at the entry point of your file
in SOS and terminate last SOS command
H - to get printout of possible responses

C E Q M-

Example:

*CnRL/l)

YES? (TYPE H FOR HELP): MG!D

A-l

SUMMARY

SOS COMMANDS

Command:

CTRL/G

Function:

Cancels the SOS command before you execute it.

Example:

*SCOMMAND$INSTRUCTION

~(CTRl/(.)

*
Command:

CTRL/R

Function:

Prints the current line without the line number.

Example:

*Rl00 GD
00100
THIS IS A CTRL/R EXAMPLE.

. t

THIS IS A CTRL/R EXAMPLE.

*
Command:

CTRL/U

Function:

During Input mode, erases the current line, allowing you to
retype its contents.

Example:

*R100 ~
00100
THIS IS A CTRL/U

EXAMPLE.~U
~ TRlIl)

THIS IS THE LINE. G!2)
*F'.~

00100

THIS IS THE LINE.

*
or

Command:

Function:

Prints the next line in the file.

Example:

(Current position is line 400.)
~
00500
THIS IS A LINEFEED EXAMPLE FOR APPENDIX A.

LINEFEED

*
Command:

ESCape

Function:

Example:

or ALT

Prints the previous line in Edit mode.

(Current position is line 200.)

*GO

00100

THIS IS AN ESCAPE EXAMPLE, PRINTS PREVIOUS LINE.

*
Function:
Example:

Ends Input mode •.

*1400, 10 ~

00410

THIS IS AN ESCAPE

EXAMPLE~

ENDS INPUT MODE_,

*
A-2

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

.position

Function:

Moves the pointer to a specified position.

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMF'LE.TXl

(Move)

* .*1* G!D
*F'. ~
PAGE 10
79000

LAST LINE,

LA~l

PAGE.

*
Command:

/option:value

Function:

Sets a specified settable.
option takes one .

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*/DPY ~

(Set)
option

and

its

value

the

*/LOWER~

*=CASE ~
DISPLAY C64 LOWER

*
Command:

=option

Function:

Prints the value of a printable option or, when used with
the
(Move) command, prints the line/page number of the
pointer position.

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*==CASE Q!Q

(Give)

C
*::::.~

00000/:L

*
Command:

@filespec

Function:

Executes one or more SOS commands that
contents of the command file "filespec" .

Example:

• TYPE
00100

(Indirect)

S.CM[t~
STIPE~LTYPE~[

•

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDll: SAMPLE. TXT
*P2020 ~
02020
TIPE A NUMBER.
*@S.CMD @:)
02020
TYPE A NUMBER.

r. I ND 1F~ECT EOF

A-3

are

the

line

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Arange

Function:

Starts Alter mode, which allows you to edit a line
retyping it.
The following symbols are used in Alter
and examples:

mode

without

instructions

Indicates the position of the pointer.
Represents an integer
omitted, defaults to 1.

number

which,

if
both

Indicates that the command
forward and backward.

may

work

Indicates where
character.

type

chrs

Indicates where you may type more
character.

you

may

single
than

one

Instruction: nCchrs
Function:

Change n characters.

Example:

*F'~

00100

THIS IA AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*Al00~

00100

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

2CIS~

*
Instruction: -nD
Function:
Example:

DeLete the next/last n characters.
*F'100 @)

00100

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*Al00 @)

00100

THIS \\IS AN\\ ALTER EXAMPLE.
_..

5D~

*
Instruction: E
Function:

Finish Alter mode for the current line without
printing the rest of the line.

A-4

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Example:

*Pl00·<JI6
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. G!D
00100
THIS IS

*
Instruction: nIchrs~
Function:

Insert characters into the current
line.
<ESC> ends the insertion;
<LF> creates a new
line using n as an increment.

Example:

*Pl00 G!D
00100
THIS ALTER EXAMPLE.
*Al00~

00100

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*
Instruction: J
Function:

Place the rest of the current
beginning of the next line.

Example:

*Pl00:200 G!D
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
00200
*A. G!D
00100
THIS IS AN

the

Function:

Delete to the nth next/previous occurrence
c.

Example:

*Pl00
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. G!D
0010P
\\THIS IS AN \\ALTER EXAMPLE.

00200

line

ALTER EXAMPLE.

Instruction: -nRc

2KA

*P. G!D
00100
ALTER EXAMPLE.

*
A-5

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Instruction: L
Function:

Print the rest of the current line and
to the beginning of the current line.

Example:

*Pl00 GIQ
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A.~

00100

return

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

00100

*
Instruction: P
Function:

Print the rest of the current line and the
beginning of the current line to the current
position.

Example:

*Pl00 G.ID
00100
THIS IS AN AL..TEH EXAMPLE.
*A. ~
THIS IS AN ALTEF~ EXAMPLE.
00100

W
00100

THIS

t
E

*
Instruction: Q
Function:

Quit Alter mode and restore the original
contents.

Example:

*Pl00 ~
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*A. ~
00100

\\THIS\\THE \\IS AN \\

*P. ~
00100

XTHE~

2KA

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

A-6

line

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Instruction:

-nRchrs~

Function:

Delete the next/last n characters
enter characters to the line.

Example:

and

then

*Pl00~

00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. CE:D
00100
\\THIS IS AN\\THE ALTER EXAMPLE.

10RTHE~

G!D

*P. ~
00100
THE ALTER EXAMPLE.

*
Instruction: -nSc
Function:
Example:

Search for the nth next/previous occurrence of
character c.
*Pl00~

00100
THIS IC'. AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. G!D
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE\.ELPMAXE
00100
_.
.)

..-2SE

*
Instruction: nW
Function:

Skip forward n words.

Example:

*Pl00 G£)
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A.@)
00100
THIS IS AN ALTE~: EXAMPLE.
---

t t t

w w w

*
Instruction:

Xchrs~

Function:

Delete the current word
characters to the line.

Example:

*Pl00 G£)
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. ~
00100
THIS IS AN \\ALTER \\SOS EXAMPLE.

and

2SA
*P. G£)
00100
THIS IS AN SOS EXAMPLE.

A-7

then

enter

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Instruction:

-n~

Function:

Space (skip) forward n characters.

Example:

*P100 G!D
00100
THIS IS ~N ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. ~
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

9GQ

C§)

*
Instruction: n ~

or n ~UIIOU~

Function:

Backspace n characters, but with no deletion.

Example:

*F'100 G!D
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. GIG
00100
nus IS AN ALTER \ F<ETLA\AL TER EXAMPLE.

t
w

.. -

t t
w w W
f

*F'. ~
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*
Instruction: ~
Function:
Example:

Print the rest of the line and return
command level.

*Pl00~

00100

,
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

00100

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*.A.~

*
Instruction:

Function:

Skip to the end/start of the current line.

Example:

*f'100 ~
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. ~
00100
THIS 18 AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

G£)
\.ELPMAXE RETLA NA 81 SIHT\
00100

*
A-8

--G£)

SOS

SUMMARY or

sos COMMANDS

Instruction: ~~lI0
Function:

Restore the original line and remain at
command 1 eve 1 •. ' .

Exampl.e:

*P100 GiQ
00100
THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.
*A. GD
00100
\\THIS IS AN\\THE

10RTHE~

00100

Alter

«TRL/U)

THIS IS AN ALTER EXAMPLE.

*
Command:

Cposi tion,:range, f irst-page-inc, last-page-inc

Function:

Copies a range of~ine$ so that the first line being copied
starts at or immediately after the position specified.
first-page-inc,last-page-inc
Specify the line-number increment for
the
page and/or the last page being copied.

Example:

first

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT G!D
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*F'800 ~
00800
THIS IS A COPY EXAMPLE.
*C200, 800 G!D
INC1=00020

00220

THIS IS A COPY EXAMPLE.

*
Command:

Cposition=fllespec,range

Function:

Copies the range from the filespec named to
position in your file.

Example:

• TYPE NUMBEF~. TXT G!D
00100
ONE
00200
TWO
00300
THF~EE
• SOS SAMPLE + TXT GiQ
EVIT: SAMPLE.TXT
C1 O()O::::NUMH[r~ + TXT, :I. 00: ~300 GI0
INC1=00()20
*F'1020! 3 G!D
01020
ONE
01040
TWO
01060
THREE

A-9

the

specified

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Cposition=filespec/S

Function:

Lets you search the fil.espec named, then specify the range
to copy to the position in your file.
SOS prompts with
C*. You give Find and Print commands, then type E to give
the range, or EQ to abort.

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
* Cl000==NUMBER. TXT/S ~
C*Pl00:300 ~
00100
ONE
00200
TWO
00:'500
THREE
C*E G:Q
SOURCE LINES:::: 100: :300 ~
INC 1 ::::00020

*
Command:

Orange

Function:

Deletes a range of line(s) •

Example:

• SOS SAHPLE.TXTCRu~
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*D900: 1200 ~
4 LINES (00900/1:01200) DELETED

*
Command:

Eoption:filespec

Function:

Ends the SOS session, saves the file, and
TOPS-IO command level.

returns

you

option
B
D
Q

Suppresses the .Qxt and .Zxt file
Deletes both the input and output
Ends SOS and restore the original
Removes the line numbers from the

:filespec
Output file specification
Example:

• 50S 5AMPLE. TXT G:Q
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*ES GID
[DSKC:SAMPLE.TXT[27,5107]]

A-lO

creation.
file.
file.
file.

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Fstring<ESC)range,option,number

Function:

Prints the first line located in the
the string of characters.

range

that

contains

Specifies the range of line/page
searched by the Find command.

numbers

range

option
A
N

Enters Alter mode for each line where
string is found.
Prints only. the line number where
string is found.
Requires
exact
match
an
uppercase/lowercase characters.

the
the
of

number
Specifies the number of
Find command.
Example:

lines

searched

the

.80S SAMPLE. TXT 00
E[lIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*FTHIS IS °A FIND EXAMPLE."': GIG

12505

THIS IS A FIND EXAMPLE.

*
Command:

Goption:filespec

Function:

Saves the file, ends SOS, and either executes the last
Compile-class command or executes a program as specified by
the /RUN option.
option
B
D
Q
S

Does
Does
Does
Does

an
an
an
an

EB command
ED command
EQ command
ES command

and
and
and
and

then
then
then
then

:filespec
Output file specification
Example:

.808 SAMPLE.TXT~
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*GS: NUMBER. FOR C!!D
[[lSKC:NUMBER.FORJ
LINK:
LOADING
CLNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION]
PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER.
100~

YOU TYPED THE NUMBER
100.0000000
TWICE
100.0000000 IS
200.0000000
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.14 ELAPSED TIME: 7.00
EXIT

A-II

a
a
a
a

Go.
Go.
Go.
Go.

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Function:

Prints a text file showing
options, and hints, with
command and option.

Example:

a summary of SOS commands,
one-line descriptions of each

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT@)

EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*H Cili)
(

SOS

~rints

five

pa~es

of text. )

*
Command:

Iposition,increment

Function:

Inserts new lines at the specified position which can be at
the beginning or ending of the file, or between existing
lines.
increment
Specifies a line-number increment for
insertion
of lines following the position being inserted •

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT G£)

EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*I100;10 ~

00110
00120

THIS IS AN INSERT EXAMPLE. ~
$

*
Command:

Jposition

Function:

Appends the next line in the file to
position, thereby joining the two.

Example:

~ SOS SAMPLE. TXT GD
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*Pl00!2 GD

00100
00200

JOIN THIS
LINE.

*J100~
*P100 ~

00100

JOIN THIS LINE.

A-12

the

specified

line

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Jcrange

Function:

The Justification command is an optional SOS command and
must be assembled for your installation of SOS.
It
justifies, according to c, all text within the range
specified.
One of the following must be the value of c when you
the J command:

Example:

issue

Justifies each line in the center
the left and right margins.

between

Justifies each line to the left margin.

Justifies each line to the right margin.

Justifies and fills each line to span
the left margin to the right margin.

Justifies to the left margin and fills with
words to the right margin.

from

f'SOS SAMPLE. TXT GI0
EDIT: SAHPLE.TXT
tf' GIQ

00100
00200
00300

LINE ONE.
LINE TWO.
LINE THREE.

*JW 1 O() : 3()O @)
*F'lOO GID

00100

LINE ONE.

LINE TWO.

LINE THREE.

*
Command:

K/page-number

Function:

Deletes the page mark
/page-number •

Example:

• 80S SAMPLE. TXT GIQ
EOIT: SAM.f.'L·E. TXT

within

*P/l : 12 GIQ

PAGE 1
00100

THIS IS PAGE ONE.

PAGE 2
00200

THIS IS PAGE TWO.

00100

THIS IS PAGE ONE.
TH-lS IS PAGE TWO.

*K/2~
*P/:J. @)
"O~O.200

A-I]

the

file

specified

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Lrange,S

Function:

Lists a specified range of lines on the line printer.
If
range
is not specified, the entire file is printed.
The
,5, if used, suppresses the printing of the line numbers
and page headings.

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
ElIIT: SAMF'LE.TXT
*L/1,S Gil)

*
Command:

Mposition

Function:

Marks the specified position as
page •

Example:

• SOS SAMPl.E. TXT ~
EDIT: SAMPL.E.TXT

the

beginning

new

*F' @)

00100
00200

THIS IS PAGE ONE.
THIS IS PAGE TWO.

00200

THIS IS PAGE TWO.

*M200 ~~
*P/2 G8
PAGE 2

*
Command:

Noption,increment,range,starting-number

Function:

Renumbers the line numbers in the
range by a
specified
increment.
If the increment is not specified, the default
is 100.
option
A
P

Adds
increment to line numbers
in
range.
Preserves line numbers in one sequence
the whole file over page marks.

increment
Any integer from 1 to 99999.
range
The range of line numbers to be renumbered.
start
The starting number for the first line •
Example:

• SOS SAMF'L..E. TX'r Cii2)
EDIT: SAMF'L.E.TX"T

*F' GO

O()100

00200

00:300

LINE ONE.
LINE TWO.
LINE THf~EE.

*
l!'j
*00015
P"':* ~~
LINE ONE.
N1:::j~/l,

00030
00045

LINE TWO.
LINE THREE,

*
A-14

the
for

SUMMARY OF sgs COMMANDS
Command:

Prange,S

Function:

Prints the contents of a specified range. If the range is
omitted, the /PLINES option value (default is 16) is used
for the number of lines to be printed. The ,S, if used,
suppresses the printing of -the line numbers.

Example:

.SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EPIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*p,S ~
LINE ONE.
LINE TWO.
LINE THREE.

*
Command:

Rrange,increment

Function:

Replaces the
number (s) •

contents

specified

range

line

increment
Specifies a line-number increment for insertion
of lines following the range being replaced •
Example:

• SOS SAMPLE.TXTGB
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*Rl00;10~

00100
00110

THIS IS A R EXAMF'LE.~
$

t
GD

1 LINES (00100/1) DELETED

*
Command:

Sstring<ESC)new-string<ESC)range,option,number

Function:

Substitutes a
new-string of
lines.

specified string of characters with
a
characters throughout a specified range of

option
D
N

Lets you decide on each substitution.
Suppresses
all
printing
of
substitutions.
Requires
an
exact
match
uppercase/lowercase characters.

the
of

number
Specifies the maximum number of lines to
the substitutions.
Example:

.SOS SAMPLE. TXT QIQ
EDIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*SLINEfTEXTr': * GB

GD GD

00100
00200
00300

TEXT ONE.
TEXT TWO.
TEXT THREE.

*
A-IS

perform

SUMMARY or sos COMMANDS
Command:

Tdestination,source-range,first-page-inc,last-page-inc

Function:

Transfers the source-range of lines to or after a specified
destination and deletes the source-range from the file.
first-page-inc,last-page-inc
Specify the line-number increment for the
page and the last page being transferred •

Example:

first

• SOS SAHPLE. TXT G!!)
EDIT: SAMPLE.TXT
*P GE)
00100
LINE ONE.
00200
LINE TWO.
00300
LINE THREE.

*INC1=00100
T400. 100 0iD

*.p .... :* ~

00200
00300
00400

LINE TWO.
LINE THREE.
LINE ONE.

*
Command:

Vcrange

Function:

The Inversion command is an optional SOS command
be assembled for your installation of SOS.
Inverts, according
specified.

Example:

all

text

within

and

must

the

range

One of the following must be the value of c when you
a V command:

issue

Inverts
all
lowercase.

upperc~s~.

characters

Inverts
all
uppercase.

lowercase

characters

Inverts
all
uppercase
characters
to
lowercase and all lowercase to uppercase
simultaneously •

• sos SAHPLE.TXT~

EDI r: SAMPLE. TX·,
*f'1200 GIQ
01200
this line is all lowercase.

*UU1200 C!i!.)

*".

Ci!!) THIS LINE IS ALL LOWERCASE.
01200

A-16

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS
Command:

Woption:filespec

Function:

Backs up your file and
(Save-the-Wor ld Comma-nd).
option
B
D

: filespec

returns

SOS

command

level

Does an EB command without ending SOS.
Does an ED command' without ending SOS.
Does an EO command without ending SOS.
Does an ES command without ending sos.

Output file specification
Example:

SOS SAMPLE.TXTC!!!)
EraIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*1250
00250
THIS IS A W EXAMF'LE.~
*WG!!)

[DSKC:SAMPLE.TXT[27,5107JJ

*
Command:

Xrange,S

Function:

Allows you to extend a specified range of line(s) by
inserting text at the end of each line.
,S
Suppresses the printing of the line eontents that
will be extended.

Example:

• SOS SAMPLE. TXT ~
EraIT: SAMPLE. TXT
*f'100 G!D
00100
LINE ONE

*x., s 0.!D

00100
.- PAGE ONE. ~
*F'. GID
00100
LINE ONE - PAGE ONE.

A-l1

SUMMARY OF SOS COMMANDS

A-I8

APPENDIX B
SUMMARY OF SOS OPTIONS

Table B-1 lists each SOS option and,
if appropriate, the command
necessary to set the option and print its value. Each name can be
abbreviated to the letters that distinguish it from any other option
name.
For instance, you must use /NODEL to uniquely identify
/NODELETE while only /Cl is required for /C128.

B-1

SUMMARY OP· SOS OPTIONS
Ta.ble 8-1
Summary of SOS Options
Name

Set

• (Period)
BAK

/BAK

BASIC

/BASIC

BIG

Function

Default

None

Print current
in your file.

=BAK

Create
backup
file
(Qxt)
with End, Go, or
World command - reverse
with NOBAK.

Off

Set to edit a program
created by BASIC.

=BIG

None

Print
largest
page
number in your file.

position

C64

/C64

=CASE

. On

Declare
set
C128.

C128

/C128

=CASE

Off

Declare
128-character
set - reverse with C64.

=CASE

None

Print state of C128,
C64, DPY, M33, M37,
LOWER, UPPER,
SEPARATORS,
NONSEPARATORS.

CASE

64-character
reverse with

DECIDE

/DECIDE

=DECIDE

Off

Use Decide
mode
in
Substitute commands
reverse with NODECIDE.

DELETE

/DELETE

=DELETE

Off

Delete both input and
output files with End,
Go, or World command
reverse with NODELETE.

=DISK

None

Print
quota.

=CASE

Off

Set
VT05
terminal
characteristics.

=ERROR

None

Print full text of last
error message.

Off

Set the Expert mode
reverse with /NOVICE.

DISK
DPY

/DPY

ERROR

current

disk

EXPERT

/EXPERT

INCREMENT

/INC:n

=INC

100

Set
line
increment to n.

ISAVE

/ISAVE:n

=ISAVE

Give Auto-Save after
inserts.

B-2

number
n

SUMMARY or SOS OPTIONS
Table 8-1 (Cont.)
Summary of SOS Options
Print

Name

Set

LENGTH

ILENGTH:n =LENGTH

LMAR

ILMAR:n

LOCATION

Default

Function

Set length of printed
page output to n.

=LMAR

Set left
margin
of
printed output to n.

=LOC

None

Print location of first
line in SOS buffer.

LOWER

ILOWER

=CASE

Off

Set
for
lowercase
character
input
reverse with /UPPER.

M33

IM33

=CASE

Set
characteristics
uppercase-only
terminals.

M37

IM37

=CASE

Off

Set terminal for both
uppercase and lowercase
input.

MAXLN

IMAXLN:n

=MAXLN

99999

Set maximum number of
lines per page to n.

NAME

INAME

=NAME

Input

Set name of output file
specification.

NOBAK

INOBAK

=BAK

Off

Do not create backup
file on End, Go, or
World command - reverse
with BAK.

NODECIDE

/NODEC

=DECIDE

Do not use Decide mode
in substitute commands
- reverse with DECIDE.

NODELETE

INODELETE =DELETE

Do
not
delete
input/output
files
reverse with DELETE.

Consider %, &, and. as
alphanumerics - reverse
with SEPARATORS.

NONSEPARATOR /NONSEP

=CASE

normal
for

NONUMBER

/NONUMBER

Off

Suppress printing
of
line numbers - reverse
with NUMBER.

NOVICE

/NOVICE

Set normal operation
reverse with EXPERT.

NUMBER

/NUMBER

Set line numbers
to
print
reverse with
NONUMBER.

B-3

SUMMARY or sos OPTIONS
Table 8-1 (Cont.)
Summary of SOS Options
Name

Set

OLD

/OLD

Off

Create .Zxt backup file
on End, Go, or World
commands.

OPTION

/OPTION:name

None

Set the options in your
SWITCH.INI
file
identified by name.

PLINES

/PLINES:n =PLINES

Set n lines
to
be
printed by the Print
command.

PMAR

/PMAR:n

Set the first position
of the paragraph margin
for printed output.

RE:ADONLY

/READONtY

Off

Declare file can only
be read;
no editing
can be done.

RMAR

/RMAR:n

Set right margin
of
printed output to n.

RUN

/RUN:file =RUN

SAVE

/SAVE:n

-SAVE

Give Auto-Save after
SOS edit commands.

SEPARATORS

/SEP

=CASE

Off

Consider %, &, and. as
non-alphanumerics
reverse
with
NONSEPARATORS.

SEQUENCE

/SEQ

=SEQ

Include line numbers in
.output file with End,
Go, or World command
reverse
with
UNSEQUENCE.

START

/START:n

=START

100

Set
starting
number to n.

STEP

/STEP:n

=STEP

100

Set start and increment
of line numbers to n.

=STRING

None

Print last string used
in Find and Substitute
commands or in
line
contents specification.

STRING

=PMAR

=RMAR

Default

SYS:COMPIL

8-4

Function

Declare program to be
run after a Go command.
n

line

SUMMARY OF SOS OPTIONS
Table B-1 (Cont.)
Summary of SOS Options
Name

Set

Default

UNSEQUENCE

/UNSEQ

=SEQ

Off

numbers
Remove
line
from output file with
End,
Go,
or
World
command - reverse with
SEQUENCE.

UPPER

/UPPER

=CASE

uppercase
Declare
input
character
reverse with LOWER.

Function

NOTE
The LENGTH, LMAR, MAXLN, PMAR, and RMAR
options will be effective only when the
Justification command has been assembled
for your installation of SOS.

B-5

SUMMARY or sos OPTIONS

8-6

APPENDIX C
SOS CHARACTER TABLE

Table C-l describes each character recognized' by SOS.
has:
1.

An ANSI name

An ASCII octal code

Each

character

Some characters also have:
3.

A control character representation

A C128 representation

For example, SOH (Start of Heading) has:
1.

An ASCII octal code of 001

A control character representation of AA

A C128 representation of '!

The 64-character set is composed of the characters 040 (space) through
137 (underline);
the C128-character set is composed of all the
characters in Table C-l.
Table C-2 describes the ANSI character names for the
the 00 line through the 03 line in Table C-l.

C-l

(b)

lines

from

SOS CHARACTER TABLE
Table C-I
SOS Character Set
0

"A
SOH

"B
STX

"c
ETX

"'E
ENO

"'F
ACK

"G
BEL

' &

'\
S1

NUL

"D
EOT
'$

"'K
VT

"'L
FF

"M
CR

"'N
SO

"s
DC3
,.

"T
DC4

,.v

,*
"w

SYN
'1

ETB
'2

"H
BS

DLE
'+

DCI
,

"R
DC2

"x
03

"'0

(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)

NAK
'0

.. [

.. ]

.....

RS
'7

US
'8

(a)
(b)
(c)

,
,,

(b)
(c)

CAN
'9

"Y
EM
'6

SUB
'4

ESC

Space

(

)

(b)

[

]

(b)
(c)

(b)

}
']

DEL

{

(a) - Control-character representation
(b) - ANSI Character name - see Table C-2
(c) - C128 representation

C-2

(b)

(c)

SOS CHARACTER TABLE
Table C-2
ANSI Character Names
ANSI
Name

Description

----

------------

ACK
BEL
BS
CAN
CR
DCI
DC2
DC3
DC4
DEL
OLE
EM
ENQ
EOT
ESC
ETB

Acknowledge
Bell
Backspace
Cancel
Carriage Return
Device Control I
Device Control 2
Device Control 3
Device Control 4
Delete
Data Link Escape
End of Medium
Enquiry
End of Transmission
Escape
End of Transmission Block

C-3

ANSI
Name
----

Description

ETX
FF
FS
GS
HT
LF
NAK
NUL
.RS
SI
SO
SOH
STX
SUB
SYN
US
VT

End of Text
Formfeed
File Separator
Group Separator
Horizontal Tab
Line Feed
Negative Acknowledge
Null
Record Separator
Shift In
Shift Out
Start of Heading
Start of Text
Substitute
Synchronous Idle
Unit Separator
Vertical Tab

------------

SOS CHARACTBR TABLB

C-4

A'PPENDIX 0
TOPS-lO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS

Table D~l lists the file exte·nsions that have a specific meaning to
the TOPS-lO system. When you creat~ a file for use with a particular
program, yO.Ui sh·ould assign the correct file extension. If you do, the
TOPS-lO sys.ttem·, has more information about the file and can attempt to
perform the correct function after you type a minimum set of commands
or switches. Normally, no penalty arises from assigning an undefined
file extension, but if you assign an incorrect file extension, the
TOPS-lO system may incorrectly interpret the file, especially when you
use the COMPILE-class commands.
Table- D-l
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

AlO

ASCII

ASCII version of a TOPS-lO
program loaded by the PDP-II

All

ASCII

ASCII version of a PDP-II
program loaded by the PDP-II

ABS

Binary·

Absolute
(nonrelocatable)
object program

ASCII

Source file in AID language

ALG:

ASCII

Source
file
language

ALP

ASCII

Printer forms alignment

ATR

Binary

Attribute
language

file

AWT,·

Binary

Data for
tester

automatic

BlO

ASCII;

Source file in BLISS

Bll

ASCiI

Source file in BLISS-II

D-l

ALGOL

SIMULA
wire

TOPS-IO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS

Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

BAC

Binary

Output from BASIC compiler

BAK

ASCII

Backup
LINED

file

from

BAS

ASCII

Source
file
language

BCM

ASCII

Listing file
created
FILCOM (binary compare)

BCP

ASCII

Source file in BCPL language

BIN

Binary

Binary file

BLB

ASCII

Blurb file

BLI

ASCII

Source
file
language

BOX

ASCII

Output of box program
picture
for
use
in
specifications and manuals

BUG

Binary

Saved
error

BWR

ASCII

Beware file listing warnings
about a file or program

CAL

Binary

CAL data and program files

CBL

ASCII

Source
file
language

CCL

ASCII

Alternate
convention
command file

for

CCO

ASCII

Listing of modifications
nonresident software

COP

ASCII, Binary

Spooled
punch

CEO

ASCII

Input to COPYEO

ATO

ASCII

OPSER automatic command file

CFC

ASCII

Compressed
file
compare.
Group of .SCM files combined
with PIP.

CHN

Binary

CHAIN file

0-2

show

output

TECO

BASIC
by

BLISS

program

for

COBOL

card

TOPS-IO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS

Table 0-1 (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

CKP

Binary

Checkpoint core image file
created by COBOL object-time
system

CMD

ASCII

Command file

CMP

ASCII

Complaint file by GRIPE

COR

ASCII

Correction file for SOUP

CRF

ASCII

CRF (cross-reference)
file

CTL

ASCII

Batch control file

DAE

Binary

DAEMON-taken core dump file

DAT

ASCII, Binary

Data (FORTRAN) file

DCT

ASCII

Dictionary of words

DDT

ASCII

Input file to FILDDT

DIR

ASCII

Directory
listing
DIRECT command

DMP

ASCII

COBOL compiler dump file

DOC

ASCII

Listing of modifications to
the most recent version of
the software

DRW

Binary

Drawing
system

DSE

ASCII

Directory
extension

DSF

ASCII

Directory sorted by filename

ERR

ASCII

Error message file

EXE

Binary

Executable program (created
by SAVE or SSAVE command)

ASCII

Source file in F40 (FORTRAN)
language

D-3

for

input

from

VBlOC

drawing

sorted

TOPS-lO STANDARD FILBBXTBNS'I.ORS

Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

FAI

ASCII

Source file in FAIL language

FCL

ASCII

Source
file
language

FFS

ASCII

Fast FORTRAN stream

FLO

ASCII

English-language flowchart

FOR

ASCII

Source
f i;le
language

FRM

ASCII

Blank ,form
records

handwr i tten

FTP

ASCII

FORTRAN test programs

FUD

ASCII

FUDGE2 listing output

GND

ASCII

List of ground pins
automatic wirewrap

HGH

Binary

Nonsharable high seqment of
a
two-segment
program
(created by OSAVE command)

HLP

ASCII

Help files containing switch
explanations and so forth

IDA

Binary

COBOL ISAM data file

lOX

Binary

Index file of a
file

INI

ASCII, Binary

Initialization file

LAP

ASCII

Output
from
compiler

LIB

ASCII

COBOL source library

LOG

ASCII

Batch, OPSER,
file

LOW

Binary

Low segment of a two-segment
program (created by OSAVE or
OSSAVE command)

LPT

ASCII

Spooled
printer

output

for

line

LSD

ASCII

Listing
program

output

from

DUMP

0-4

FOCAL

for

FORTRAN

COBOL

the

LINK

for

ISAM

LISP

log

TOPS-IO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS
Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

LSP

ASCII

Source file in some LISPs

LST

ASCII

Listing data
created
assemblers and compilers

MAC

ASCII

Source
file
language

MAN

ASCII

Manual (documentation) file

MAP

ASCII

LINK map file

MEM

ASCII

Memorandum file

MIC

ASCII

MIC control file

MID

ASCII

Source file in MIDAS
Assembler) language

MIM

Binary

Snapshot of MIMIC simulator

MSB

Binary

Music compiler binary output

MUS

ASCII

Music compiler input

ASCII

Source
file
language

NEW

All

New version of a program
file

OBJ

Binary

PDP-II
file

OLD

ALL

Old version of a program
file

aPR

ASCII

Installation
instructions

OVR

Binary

COBOL overlay file

OVL

Binary

LINK overlay file

PII

ASCII

Source program
language

PAK

ASCII

Files compressed by PACK.TEC
to save disk space

PAL

ASCII

Source file in PALlO
assembler)

D-5

MACRO

relocatable

and

(MIT

NELIAC
or

binary
or

assembly

MACYII

(PDP-8

TOPS-IO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS
Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

PCO

ASCII

Program change order

PLI

ASCII

Source file in PL/l language

PLM

ASCII

Program
Binary
output

PLT

ASCII

Spooled output for plotter

PPL

ASCII

Source file in PPL language

PTP

ASCII, Binary

Spooled
output
paper-tape punch

Qxt

ASCII

SOS backup file

QUD

ASCII, Binary

Queued data file

QUE

Binary

Queue request file

QUF

Binary

Master
file

RAM

ASCII

TOPS-IO microcode

REL

Binary

Relocatable binary file

RIM

Binary

RIM loader file

RMT

Binary

Read-in mode
file (PIP)

RNB

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.BLB file

RNC

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.CCO file

RND

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.DOC file

RNE

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing
an .ERR error-message text
file

RNH

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.HLP file

RNL

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.PLM file

RNM

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.MAN file

D-6

logic manual
Compressed

queue

and

(RIM)

PLO
plot

for

request

format

TOPS-10 STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS
Table D-1 (Cont.)
Standard File &xtensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

RNO

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.MEM file

RNP

ASCII

RUNOFF input
an .OPR file

RNS

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a
.STD file

RSP

ASCII

SCRIPT
file

RSX

All

Files for RSX-II

RTB

Binary

Read-in mode (RIMIOB)
file (PIP)

SAl

ASCII

Source file in SAIL language
SAY Binary Low segment from
a
one-segment
program
(created by OSAVE command)

SCD

ASCII

Differences in directory

SCM

ASCII

Listing file
created
FILCOM (source compare)

SCP

ASCII

SCRIPT control file

SEQ

ASCII, SIXBIT

Sequential COBOL data
input to ISAM program

SFD

Binary

Subfile directory
usage)

SHR

Binary

Sharable high-segment file
of
a
two-segment program
(created by OSSAVE command)

81M

ASCII

Source
file
language

SIMULA

8MP

ASCII

Source
file
language

SIMPLE

SNO

ASCII

Source
file
language

SNOBOL

SNP

ASCII

Snapshot of disk by DSKLST

for

response

producing

log

time

format

file,

(reserved

~"-.----------------------------------------------------------------------~

D-7

TOPS-IO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS
Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

SPC

ASCII

Functional
or
design
specification document

SPD

ASCII

Dictionary for SPELL program

SPM

ASCII

File of misspelled words for
SPELL program

SPT

ASCII

SPRINT-created files

SPU

ASCII

File of uppercase words
SPELL program

SPX

ASCII

File of exception
(error)
lines for SPELL program

SRC

ASCII

Source files

STD

ASCII

Standards

SVE

Binary

.SAVed file from
user monitor

SYM

Binary

LINK symbol file

SYS

Binary

Special system files

TEC

ASCII

TECO macro

TEM

ASCII, Binary

Temporary files

TMP

ASCII, Binary

Temporary files

TPB

ASCII

Typeset input for
a .BLB file

producing

TPC

ASCII

Typeset input for
a .ceo file

producing

TPD

ASCII

Typeset input for
a .DOC file

producing

TPE

ASCII

Typeset input for producing
error message text

TPH

ASCII

Typeset input for
a .HLP file

D-8

for

single

producing

TOPS-lO STANDARD FILE EXTENSIONS

Table D-l (Cont.)
Standard File Extensions
File Extension

Kind of File

Meaning

TPL

ASCII

Typeset input for
a logic manual

producing

TPM

ASCII

Typeset input for
a .MAN file

producing

TPO

ASCII

Typeset input for producing
a programming specification

TPP

ASCII

Typeset input for
an .OPR file

TST

All

Test data

TXT

ASCII

Text file

UFO

Binary

User
file
(reserved usage)