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- 367
-

DEC-16-PPEO-D

PDP-10
PIP

(PERIPHERAL INTERCHANGE PROGRAM)
PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL

DIGITAL

EQUIPMENT

CORPORATION « MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS

PIP

- 368
-

1lst Edition, October
2nd Edition (Rev) May,
3rd Edition (Rev) November,
4th Edition (Rev) November,

5th Edition
6th

Edition

(Rev)
(Rev)

The material in this manual is for information purposes and is subject to change without notice.

The following are trademarks of
Equipment Corporation, Maynard,

DEC
FLIP

Digital
Massachusetts:

PDP
CHIP

DIGITAL

FOCAL

COMPUTER LAB

1968

1969

June,

1970

March,

1972

1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 by Digital Equipment
Corporation

1967
1968

PIP

- 369 PREFACE

The

functions provided the user by the DECsystem-10

change

Program

(PIP)

and

their

use are described

Peripheral

Inter-

this manual.

NOTE

Monitor commands are available which
the common PIP functions of copying,
protecting and deleting files.

perform
renaming,

It was assumed in the preparation of this manual that the reader is

familiar with or has access to the DECsystem-10 Monitor Calls manual

and the DECsystem*lO Monitor Commands manual.

the

and

PIP manual

the

are available

the

These manuals as well

DECsystem-10

Software

Notebook

following handbooks:

DECsystem-10 User's Handbook
Monitor commands manuals).

(contains

both

PIP

and

b) < DECsystem-10 Assembly Language Handbook (contains
Monitor

calls manual).

iii

the

PIP

- 370 -

PIP

- 371
-

CONTENTS

SECTION

INTRODUCTION

1.1

INTRODUCTION

SECTION

375

Controlling PIP Indirectly

1.1.1

375

1.2

WRITING CONVENTIONS

PIP COMMAND STRING AND ITS BASIC ELEMENTS

2.1

COMMAND STRING

376

379

2.1.1

Command Format

379

2.1.2

File

380

2.1.3

Command String Delimiters
DEVICE

2.2

Specification

382
383

NAMES

2.2.1

Physical

2.2.2

Logical

383

Device Names

383

Device Names

384

FILENAMES

2.3

Naming Files with Octal Constants

2.3.1

385

386

- Wildcard Characters

2.3.2

2.3.2.1

The Asterisk Symbol

386

2.3.2.2

The Question Mark Symbol

386

2.3.2.3

Combining * and ? Wildcard Symbols

386

DIRECTORY

2.4

387

IDENTIFIER

388

2.4.1

UFD-Only Identifiers

2.4.2

SFD

2.4.3

Specifying Default and Current

(Full Directory Path)

Identifiers

[Directory]

Identifiers

2.5.1

SECTION

390

Digit Numeric Protection Code Values

391

STANDARD

3.1

OPTIONAL PIP

3.1.1

392

UFD AND SFD PROTECTION CODES

2.6

3.2

- 3.2.1

PIP

SWITCHES

FUNCTIONS

393

Adding Switches to PIP Commands

393

BASIC

394

TRANSFER FUNCTION

X-Switch Copy Files Without Combining

3.2.1.1

Non-Directory to Directory Copy Operation

3.2.1.2

Assinging Names

DECtape

3.2.2

3.2.3

Transfer Without X-Switch
U-Switch,

394
395
397

Tapes

DX-Switch, Copy All but Specified Files

3.2.4

389

PROTECTION CODES

FILE ACCESS

2.5

388

397

(Combine Files)

398

and 2

398

Copy DECtape Blocks @,

- 372

PIP

CONTENTS

Egge

A-Switch,

Integral

Output

Lines

(Line

Spaces

and

Blocking)

399

3.3.2

C-Switch,

Delete

Trailing

3.3.3

E-Switch,

Ignore

Card

3.3.4

N-Switch,

Delete

Sequence

3.3.5

S-Switch,

Insert

Sequence

Numbers

3.3.6

O-Switch,

Insert

Sequence

Numbers

3.3.7

P-Switch,

Convert Multiple

Increment

Line
3.3.7.1

Spaces

Printer

Binary

T-Switch,

Delete

Converts

3.3.10

V-Switch,

Match Angle

3.3.11

Y-Switch,

DECtape

FILE

3.5.1

3.5.3
3.5.3.1

400

Tabs

SWITCHES

DIRECTORY

SWITCHES

401

Spaces

402

Spaces

402

Brackets

402

Paper

Tape

AND

403
405

406

L-Switch,

List

Source

Device

F-Switch,

List

Limitgd

R-Switch,

Rename

Directory

Source

Directory

the

Rename

(R)

D-Switch,

Delete

Z-Switch,

Zero Directory

Q-Switch,

PERMITTED

SWITCH

SWITCHES

PIP

FUNCTIONS

TAPE

Switches

PIP Functions

Setting

415

415
Density

and

Parity

415

Parameters

4.2.2

Switches for Positioning Magnetic Tape

4.2.2.1

Backspace

4,2.2.2

Advance

411

413

SWITCHES

for

408

411

Summary of

PIP

407

409

COMBINATIONS

SPECIAL
MAGNETIC

Function

Files

SPECIAL

406

407

Files

Changing Source UFD or SFD Protection Code

3.5.5

SECTION

for

Files

3.5.4

3.6

Output

Trailing

MODE,

Using

3.5.6

400
and

Listing

W-Switch,

3.5

399
399

400

3.3.8

DATA

399

Numbers

Number

FORTRAN

3.3.9

SET

Tabs

One

Prepare

Copy FORTRAN

3.4

Sequence

4.3

G-SWITCH,

ERROR

4.4

J-SWITCH,

CARD

Start

End

RECOVERY
PUNCH

Current

File

416

417
417

417
418

-373
-

PIP

CONTENTS

SECTION

PIP

5.1

ERROR MESSAGES

5.2

I/0 ERROR MESSAGES

419

5.3

FILE

420

ERROR REPORTING

REFERENCE

AND

ERROR MESSAGES
‘

ERRORS

419

5.4

PIP COMMAND ERRORS

421

5.5

Y-SWITCH

422

5.6

"GENERAL

ERROR MESSAGES

422

5.7

TMPCOR

(DEVICE TMP)

424

APPENDIX A

STANDARD

ERRORS

ERROR MESSAGES

FILENAME EXTENSIONS

vii

425

PIP

- 374 -

- 375 -

.SECTION

PIP

INTRODUCTION

1.1

INTRODUCTION

PIP

(Peripheral Interchange Program)

I/0 devices

tape

transfers files between standard

and can be used to perform simple editing and magnetic

control operations during those

call

PIP

into

core

(1)

transfer operations.

from the Monitor

level,

the

user

types

the

command

When PIP

PIP

<CR>

loaded and

the console.
perform the

ready

for

input

prints

the

character

The user may then enter the command string needed to
desired

operations

followed by -a

carriage

return

input.

On completion of the opefation or operations requested in a command
string,

PIP again prints the character * to indicate that it is ready

for

the

command

string

input.

exit

from PIP,

a Control C (4C) command.
l.1.1

Controlling

PIP

the

user

types

Indirectly

PIP is normally controlled‘by commands entered via the console keyboard.

pared

PIP,

file

tered via

however,

also

and executing

the

indirectly

their

identifying

scription of

these

input console.

cessed

file

tion FOO.CCL@

are

capable

commands

PIP

the

specification

specifications).

identifies

the

reading

command

identified by

file

commands

they had been

files which are

addition

(see paragraph

For example,

file FOO.CCL as

from a

the

just

file

en-

to be pro-

symbol

2.1.2

pre-

for

de-

specifica-

an indirect command

file.

Any filename extension may be used in specifying
an indirect command
file,

however,

indirect

structured

(1)

PIP
as

none

command

described

given,

file
in

the default

consists

Section

one

extension

or more

.CCL

PIP

assumed.

commands

The PIP program operates in 4K pure core plus a minimum of 1K

impure core

d11

DECsystem—10

systems.

PIP

- 376
-

Once PIP

command
put

in core,

file by

command

the

passes

file's

control of

filename.

PIP to an indirect

For example,

the

in-

sequence

PIP

<CR>

*FOO.CCL@

loads

user

entering the

PIP and

<CR>

initiates

the

execution of

the

indirect PIP command

file FOO.CCL.

1.2

WRITING

The

following

CONVENTIONS

symbols

and abbreviations

are used

throughout

this

manual:

Symbol

Abbreviation

dev:

Meaning

Any
must

logical or physical device name,
be

included when

used

the colon
part of

PIP

command.

file.ext

Any

filename and

[directory]

Identifies the directory of a specific file
storage area within the system; it may also
specify the location of specific file within
the identified storage area.
(See paragraph
2.4 for a detailed description of [directoryl].)

filename extension.

When the input terminal used is either a Model
33 or 35 Teletype unit, the right and left
brackets are input in the following manner:
To Obtain
a)
b)

4ch

left bracket
right bracket

Type:
‘

SHIFT K

SHIFT M

A control character obtained by depressing
the CTRL key and then the selected character
key

(e.g.

+2).

An equals character is used in the PIP command
to separate the destination and source command
sections.
NOTE

PIP will also accept the back arrow (SHIFT-O)
entry.
A SHIFT-O entry is echoed on the terminal printer as the symbol <.

PIP's response to a command string to indicate
that it is ready for the next input string.

=377 -

PIP

Symbol
or

Abbreviation

Meaning

The Monitor's response to a
dicate that it is ready- for
<CR>

This

symbol

represents
a

feed operation.
a

RETURN

ally

keyboard

used

command

the

carriage
A

to
command.

return,

initiated by

input.

string

RETURN

the

terminate

each PIP

input

-----

Underscoring

indicates

computer

typeout.

number,

This
key

either

octal

line-

entry of

input

The

norm-

command.

decimal.

up-arrow symbol

entry.

in-

indicates the use of a
up-arrow is used with other

CTRL
char-

acter key inputs to produce special
control entries

such

returned

to enclose
DECtapes

(see

4C which requests

the

Monitor.

identifiers

using

3.2.1.2.).

the

that control

Up-arrows

which may

facilities

are

assigned

provided

also. used

PIP

- 378 -

-379 -

SECTION

PIP

2.1

COMMAND

PIP

STRING AND

ITS

BASIC

ELEMENTS

COMMAND STRING

PIP'command strings may be of any length; both upper and lower case
characters may be used.

PIP commands are normally terminated and

the requested operation is initiated by a RETURN keyboard entry

(i.e.;

<CR>).

However, an ALT MODE, lihe feed, vertical TAB or

form feed keyboard entry can also be used as a command terminator.
Command Format

2.1.1

All PIP commands which involve the interchange

must have the following format:
DESTINATION=SOURCE

(transfer)

or data

where:

The DESTINATION portion of a PIP command descrlbes
the device and file(s) which are to receive the

This portion of a command con‘transferred data.
sists of either one file spec1f1catlon or a subset
of a file specification.

The equals sign is a required delimiter in all PIP

commands to separate the DESTINATION and SOURCE portions of the command.

The SOURCE side of the command describes the device

from which the transferred data is to be taken.
This portion of a command may contaln one Or more

file specifications or subsets of file specifications.

A
A Terminator is required to end each PIP command.
RETURN entry (symbolized as <CR>) is normally used,
however, any other paper-motion command may be used
as a terminator.

PIP commands which do not require the transfer of information may be
written using the

form

DESTINATION=Terminator

a terminator are still required in commands
The equals delimiter and

PIP

- 380
-

formatted

portion of

this

the

manner

command

2.1.2

File

file

specification

involved

contains

T V]
I

protection

directory

and

the

specification

all

function.

that

only

the

destination

information

It may

needed

consist

PIP

identifier;
code which

specified
or

identifier
on

command

identi-

of:

(UFD),

mounted

format

fact

name;
filename;

tory
5.

PIP

device

either

The

the

used.

Specification

W N

file

despite

file,

SubFile
to

User

assigned

Directory

assigned

specified

DECtape

containing

File

all

Direc-

(SFD)
the

tape

unit.

possible

items

file

is:

dev:nameé.ext[directory] <nnn>+identt=dev:name.ext [directory]

<CR>

where:

DEV

etc.)
2.

either

physical

logical

device

name

(e.g.,

name

(refer

device

the

fies

destination

existing

the

command).

filenames.)

EXT
of

is
a

file

(i.e.,
may

for

consist

the

(NAME

command)

the

paragraph

character
by

UFD or MFD)

Sub File
details.
5.

2.3

[DIRECTORY]

side

file

(Refer

either

paragraph

2.2).

for

+IDENT+
to

the

a
is

DECtape

unit.

A User File Directory
permitted

access

number;

together

assigned

it.

name

extensions.)

specific

directory

identifier

system.

the

names.

system.

This

number

(See

DECtape

name
reel

identifier
and

paragraph

2.4

is to be
files or

for

as-

to paragraph

codes.)
which

mounted

paragraph

(Refer

pair

(Refer

protection

character

(Refer

the

filename

(UFD)

within

description

(SFD)

the

description

contents

identi-

side

<nnn> is a 3-digit protection code which
signed to either one or more destination
2.5

which

project,programmer

Directory

source

2.3

extension

user

specified User File Directory!.

user

DTAl,

NAME is a 1 to 6 alphameric character identification
which is either to be assigned to a new file (NAME is
on

grammer

DSK,

paragraph

3.2.1.2

given

specified

for

details.)

is contained by the system for each user

user's

contains

the

with

pointers

UFD

identified

names

all

the

actual

2-2

files

location

his

project,pro-

belonging
of

each

file.

the

- 381 -

PIP

The manner in which each of the possible elements of a file specification may be

used

a PIP

command

either

described

Element

the

destination

the

following

source

portions

table:

Destination

‘

Source

dev.

Name of device onto which
the specified file is to
be written.

Name of device on which
the specified file resides.

name

Name

Name of

the

to be assigned
copied

file.

.ext

User-~specified file-name

file

[directory]

Identification of

Current filename exten-

extension.

the

copied.

sion.

the disk

storage area which is

receive the file to
transferred.
'

Identification

the

disk storage area which

- contains
copied.

the

file

NOTE

The [directory] identifier must include a full directory
path specification whenever sub-file directories are involved.
For example [proj,prog,SFDA...SFDn].
(See paragraph 2.4 for more details.)

<nnn>

Protection code to be assigned to either a copied
file or a specified UFD.

NOT PERMITTED IN SOURCE
PORTION OF PIP COMMANDS.

tidentt

Name to be assigned to

NOT PERMITTED IN SOURCE

the

PORTION

tape

mounted

specified

File

specifications

may

DECtape

PIP

COMMANDS.

unit.

delimited by:

an edquals character (=) if the'specification is on the
destination side of the
dev:iname.ext=...<CR>).

command

string

(e.g.

'NOTE
PIP will accept a back-arrow entry (<)
in

place

the

equals

character

(=).

a comma (,),if the specification is on the source side
of the command string and is
specifications.
For example

one

series

file

dev=devl:name.ext,dev2:name.ext,name.ext,..name.ext<CR>

3.
:

a RETURN
side

<CR>
a

entry

command.

if
For

it is

the

last

item on

the

source

example

dev=devl:name.ext,dev2:name.ext,..devn:name.ext<CR>

- 382

PIP

2.1.3

The

Command

delimiters

String

which

command string are

Delimiters

may

described

PIP

used

separate

the

following

COMMAND

Delimiter

STRING

the

elements

PIP

table.

DELIMITERS

Use and Description
The colon delimiter follows and identifies a device
name.
For example, the device DTAl is specified as
DTAl: in PIP commands.

[

]

Square brackets are used to enclose the user
DIRECTORY numbers and SFD names (if SFDs are used).
For example [40,633] or [40,633,SFD1,SFD2,...SFDn]
represent the manner in which DIRECTORY numbers
can be written.
-

Angle brackets must be used to enclose a
code (e.g. <@57> which is to be assigned
a file or a user file directory (UFD).

protection
to either
'

Ccmmas are used to separate user project and programmer numbers, and file specificaticn groups.
For

example

dev:[4f,633]=dev:name.ext,name.ext<CR>
+4

A name to be assigned as an identifier to a DECtape is enclosed within a set of up-arrows (e.g.
+MACFLS1t)
.

A period delimiter must be
a filename extension.
The

the first character of
form on an extension is

.ext.

A number

symbol is used as a flag to indicate the
of an octal constant in a filename or a
extension.

An exclamation symbol may be used to delimit a
file specification.
When used, the ! symbol
causes control to be returned to the Monitor from
PIP and the specified file (or program) to be
lcaded and run.
This function is provided as a
user convenience to eliminate the need for several
control entries.
:

The

presence
filename

equals

character

must

used

are used to enclose magnetic
control switches, and one or

switches.
to

The

enclose

separate

Parentheses
tions,
PIP
parentheses

portions

and

function

source

destination

PIP

form of a command
a

series

dev:name.ext (swlsw2..swn)=...<CR>

the

command.
tape
more

opPIP

employing

switches

is:

- 383 -

2.2

DEVICE

PIP

NAMES

Both physical or lbgical device names may be used in PIP commands.
The

user

must

remember

physical

name

when

2.2.1

Each

Physical

standard

device
unit

name

that

both

Device

DECsystem-10

777)

logical

used

name

the

peripheral
a

device

3-character

characters,

3)
4)

an abbreviated disk name or,
the name of a disk file structure.

physical

device names

PERIPHERAL

‘Device

TTY

)

given below:

CDR

‘

DTA

DSK
o

Fixed-Head

’

DPx
FHx

Display
Line Printer
Magnetic Tape

DIS
LPT
MTA

Operator Terminal
Paper-tape
Paper-tape

Punch
Reader

Plotter

OPR

_PTP
PTR
PLT

Pseudo-TTY

PTY

System Library
Terminal
.
Pseudo-device TMPCO

,8YS
TTY
TMP

Logical

CTY

Disk

2.2.2

specific
either

CDP

DECtape
Packs

name plus

Generic Physical Device Name

Reader

Console

DEVICES

Card Punch
Card

assigned a

3 characters and a station number,

the generic

over

or:

A list of

precedence

command.

generic

takes

same

Names

consisting of

number

are

Device Names

A logical device name is a usér—assigned designation which is employed in the preparation of a program in place of a épecific physical device name.

The use of

logical device names permits

the program-

mer to write programs which do not specify one. particular device but

may use, at run time, any available device which can perform the required

function.

PIP

- 384 -

Logical

device

characters

2.2

the

may

consist

user's

choice.

from

one

six

alphanumeric

FILENAMES

Filenames
system

field

names

are

file

programs)

and

identifiers

extension

Whenever

both

fields

delimiter

period

sion.

Filename

Name

the

user.

field

are

assigned

used

Field.

are

Names

the

first

may

name

the

system

consist

field

filename,

defined

six alphanumeric

filename

only

required

fields

but

either

has

(for
a

name

required.

the

character

form

the

name.ext.
exten-

as:

files

may

characters

consist

from one

or octal constants;

in user-ass$igned names the characters may be arbitrarily selected by the user.
Names generated by the user
must be unique at least within the file structure in
which the file is located.
2.

Extension Field.
up

three

normally
by

the

name
and

used

file

the

type

has

extensions

specify

the

transferred

data

each

specifies

are

dealing

none

PIP

the

File-

system

given

filename

with

binary

The

indication

PIP

extension

add

one

files

extensions

tests
be

used

following

during

succession

the

for

the

order

mode

type

given

whether the
ASCII mode.

filename

tests

extension

should

performed

the

file

binary mode

PIP

performs

determine

requested

determination

until

to
a

file is to be
If it is all

mode

PIP

transfer

tests

obtains

required:

presence

the

data

test.

PIP

tests for the presence of a known
(standard) filename extension which
specifies a binary mode of transfer
(see Appendix A).
If no binary extensions are found, PIP goes to the next

test.

mode switch (see paragraph 3.4.).
1If
no switch is found, PIP goes to the

Ap-

operations.

determine

all.

system may

series

which

of
are

contained

field.

the
in

operation.
are

data

recognized

during

utilizes

mode

filename

are

possible, PIP will transfer
since it is faster.
In

type

the

consist

Extensions

which

filename,

specification

specific

may

characters.

In filenames, users may specify a standard
(one recognized by the system), one which

devised,

given in
filename
PIP

identified

extensions

pendix A.
extension

Filename

alphanumeric

firm

- 385 ¢)

PIP

tests both the input and output
devices specified to determine if they
are both capable of handling binary
data.
If either or both of the devices
cannot handle binary, the transfer is made
in the ASCII mode.
If both devices can
handle binary data, PIP goes to the next
test,

PIP tests for the presence of an X option switch (/X) in the command string;
if it is found, the transfer is made in
the binary mode.
If an X option is not
found, PIP goes to the next test.

2.3.1

Naming

PIP tests for the presence of commas
(non-delimiters) in the ccommand string;
if commas are found an ASCII mode is
indicated.
If no commas are found, the
transfer is made in the binary moce.

Files with Octal

Constants

Octal constants may be used as either a part of or all of a filename.
In

either

octal

the

foregoing

constants

which

cases,

appear

the

first

filename

constant
must

each group

preceded

the symbol #, and each group is delimited by a non-octal digit or
a

character.

For

example,

#124ABC.ext

#12AB#34.ext

the

filenames:

(constants are used as part ofa filenane)
(constants are intermixed with other characters)

are

all

" The

#124679.#123

acceptable

symbol

only

used

(constants

PIP

If
#
be

even
an
to

since

odd
the

number
filename

expanded

Names

two

octal
of
or

in a

constants

octal

are

examples

For

octal

filename

but

constant.

stored

given,

example,

SIXBIT

PIP will
the

add

constant

character.
an

extra

#123

would

PIP.

comprised of octal constants

following

part
of the

filename or an extension should

may

constants

extension.

#123¢ by

indicate

The. number of octal digits used
be

filename)

PIP.

not regarded
by PIP
flag

form the whole

the

use

are
of

left-justified by PIP.

octal

DTAfll:#12467fl.BIN=DSK:filflflflflfl.BIN<CR>

2-17

filenames:

The

PIP

- 386 -

2.3.2

The

Wildcard

two

symbols

complete
to

Characters

fields

wildcard

and

may

single

characters;

used

PIP

represent,

characters.

These

their

described

use

The

asterisk

symbols
in

respectively,

are
the

referred
following

paragraphs.

2.3.2.1
to

THE

replace

For

SYMBOL

filename

field

name

extension

both

example,

language
in

ASTERISK

the

file

fields

used

name,?*),

(e.g.,

*.¥*).

FILEA.MAC,

which

FILEA,

*.MAC

FILEA.*

*.*

gpecifies

all

specifies

may

QUESTION

MARK

THE

replaces

characters

acters

file.

wild

ignores

the

user

PIP

the

have

character

name,

When

altered

files

with

specifies

the

use

MACRO

the

For

all

source

asterisk

file

filename

with

the

The

name

.MAC.

FILEA,

both

mask
the

filename

one

TEST2.BIN,
files

that

one

any
and

and,

used

The

all

includes

files

DTAl

TEST4.BIN;

symbol
the

char-

fields

characters,

capability

positioned

device

and

file

may

extension

masking

groups

the

TEST3.BIN
with

out

which

identically

extensions.

name

This

command,

assume

character

names and

characters.

characters

these

with

extension

“

SYMBOL

processes

example,

files

the

files.

specify,

TEST1.BIN,

specify

all

extension

wildcard

common

filenames.

all

specifies

2.3.2.2

files

may

following manner:

names

*.ext),
(e.g.

filename

indicate

(e.g.

named

symkol

extension:

field

filename

enables

whcse

within

file-

their

contains

the

can

user

specification:

DTAl:TEST?.BIN

2.3.2.3

can

CCMBINING

combined

have

common

sion

files.

AND

WILDCARD

filenames

characteristics

to
in

SYMBOLS

specify
either

The

specific
both

symbols

and

groups

files

their

name

which

exten-

- 387 -

PIP

For example, the file specification
ABC???.%*

specifies all files having the character group ABC as the first

three characters of its filename.

Again, the file specification

*¥ ,?27A

specifies all files having an extension which has the character A
as its third character.

In combining the * and ? symbols, the user should remember that for:
a.
b.

filenames, * is equivalent to 22?2?27, and
extensions, * is equivalent to ??27?.

For example, the filenames *.* and ??2?2??2.727 are equivalent.
2.4

DIRECTORY IDENTIFIER

The [directory] identifier is used in PIP commands to identify a
specific:

User File Directory

(UFD),

Sub File Directory

(SFD), or

c) - a specific UFD-SFD directory path.

The item identified by a given [directory] identifier can be a directory or an item 1ocatéd within a directory which belongs to either
the current user or, when the protection code scheme permits, to
another user. (Refer to paragraph 2.5 for a description of protection codes.)

A [directory] identifier can consist of a project,programmer number
pair (abbreviated as proj,prog) and the names of SFDs.

The most

expanded form of the [directory) identifier is:
[proj,prog,SFD1,SFD2,...SFDn]

As shown, a [directory] identifier is always enclosed within square
brackets and its elements are delimited by commas.

PIP

- 388
-

2.4.1

UFD-Only

Each

UFD

ber

pair

Identifiers

identified

assigned

[directory]

the

identifier

the

system

user

for

UFD

whom

has

the
the

the

project,programmer
UFD

was

created.

num-

form

[proj,prog]
UFD

[directory]

of
a

the

project,programmer

previously

current

For

the

number

specified.

having

any

[

SFD

the

in which
has

the

1In

user

either

cases,

the
the

PIP

number
current

one

user

that

can

use

[directory]

default

assumes

assigned

and

both

either

the

logged

identifier

has

identifiers

formats:

Which

Interpreted

PIP

as:

[57,124]
[57,124}

,124]

[57,124]

Directory

(SFD)

Path)

Identifiers

identified

project,programmer

number

[directory]

without

such

that

(Full

File

written

number

[57,124]

following

assume

current

Format:

[57,

default

pair

The

may

numbers.

example,

The

the

Sub

pPlus

2.4,2

specified

user.

under

been

identifiers

located.

pair

its

which

user-assigned

identifies

identifier

for

name

the

UFD

SFD

then

form

[proj,prog,SFDname]

Whenever
tory

SFD

arrangement,

cluded

tory]

the

located
the

UFD

which

has

UFD

containing

the

desired

[directory]

identifier

for

the

identifier

for

SFD

multi-level

direc-

SFD

must

in-

desired

SFD.

[direc-

multi-directory

level

UFD

has

the

form

[proj,prog,SFD1,SFD2,...SFDn]

and

referred

assuming

pair

that

57,124

the

and

full

current

has

the

UFD

directory
is

following

path

identified

directory

identifier.
by

the

TFor

proj,prog

organization:

example,
number

- 389 UFD

Level 1
-

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

PIP

SFDA

SFD1

SFDB

SFD2

SFDC

the [directory] identifier for SFD2 is written as
~

[57,124,SFDA, SFD1,SFD2]
The proj,prog number pairs in full directory path identifiers may

be written using the format variations described in paragraph 2.4.2.
However, when no proj;prog numbers are specified by the user, two
commas must be used in the identifier in the following manner
-

[,,SFDl,...SFDn]

The first comma represents the delimiter between the proj,prog num-

bers; the second represents the delimiter between the last number
(prog)

and the first SFD name.

2.4.3

Specifying Default and Current [Directory] Identifiers:

The position in which a [directory] identifier is given in a PIP

command determines if it is viewed as a default identifier for all
subsequent file specifications given in that command or is the
current identifier for an individual file specification.

If a [Directory] identifier is given before one or more file speciof a command it regarded as the DEFAULT identifier for
fications
those specifications. For example, in a command segment having the
form:

[directory A] File Specification 1,File Specification 2
the identifier [directory Al is the default for both File Specifications

1 and

If a [Directory] identifier is given after the filename within a
File Specification it -is viewed as the current identifier for that

file specification and will override any given default [directoryl].
The form of a file specification with the current identifier specified
is:

dev:filename.ext [directory]
2-11

PIP

-390 -

Both

default

the

same

and

PIP

current

[directory]

command.

For

identifiers

example,

the

PIP

can

command

specified

source

seg-

ment:

=dev: [directory A]filename.ext,dev:filename.ext[
directory

valid.

the

default

act

the

default

[directory B]
rides

default

the

second

file

2.5

FILE

ACCESS

Three-digit

can

that

access

must

contain

may

tection

the

File

project

OTHER

given,

the

it over-

identifier

are

codes

are

the

which

types

side

specify
users

PIP

written within
(e.g.,

type

files

digits

access

the

angle

for

brackets

Each

digit

specific

Considering

file

access

MEMBER,

system

defined

Users

the

same

programmer

UFD

which

contains

logged

number
the

file;

under

that

pro-

for

decision
is

made

PROJECT MEMBER.
same

project

UFD

containing

which

Users

number

the

Monitor

who
that

file.

the

above

Generation

are

either:

the

logged

which

as
the

items

defines

time.

under

identifiers

the
the

and
within

the

code

follows:

are

file

and

who

ac-

type

users.

string.

OWNER

OWNERS.

OWNER

degree

gain

command

<nnn>).

involved.

give

the

may

the same project and programmer number
associated with the UFD which contai
ns

The

specification

will

file..

file

and

users:

FLLE

second

accepted

positions

file

codes

specifies

types

[directory A]

specification;

[directory
B]

destination

digit

user

and

identifier

file

the

When

possible

the

types

for

protection

three

code

following

The

three

have

first

PROTECTION CODES

protection

user

given.

the

specification.

specified

File

the

identifier

(octal)

each

for

example,

identifier

not

the

cess

foregoing

identifier

B] <CR>

the

PIP

-3913. OTHER USERS any user of the system whose project
and programmer number do not match those of the UFD
containing the file in question.

File access protection codes are placed in PIP commands after the

‘destination filename of the file involved.

For example, the command

DPA3:FILEA.BIN<nnn>=DSK:SOURCE.BIN<CR>

copies the contents of file SOURCE.BIN onto disk pack device DPA3
under the name FILEA.BIN with an assigned file protection code of
nnn.

2.5.1

Digit Numeric Protection Code Values

Each of the digits in a 3-digit file protection code may be assigned
an encoded numeric value ranging from # to 7. The meaning of each
octal value is:

Permitted Operations

Code Value

File may be looked

No access privileges.

Execute only.

Read, execute.

Append, read, execute.

Update, append, read, execute.

Write, update, append, read, execute.

protection, e.rename, write, update, ap:
Change read,
execut

up if the UFD permits.

Rename, write,'update; append, read, execute.
pend,

Files are afforded the greatest protectiofirby the code value 7; the

of a
least protection by #. It is always possible for the owner
even
file
file to change the access protection associated with that

if the owner- protectlon field is not set to @; thus, the values g
and 1 are equivalent for the owner. Files with their owner-protection
field set to 1 are preserved (i.e., saved by .KJOB/K).

It is recommended that important files such as source files be

as-

signed an owner- protection code of 2. This level of protection will
them
prevent the file from being acc1dentally deleted by permitting
to be edited.
2-13

PIP

- 392 -

2.6

UFD AND

When

user

SFD

directory

3-digit octal
file

or,

type

Once

owner

allowed),
of

the

required

The
0

PIP

access

through

which

the system.

permitted

each

2.5

users

(i.e.,

OWNER,

access

other

than

the

given

directory

code

The

CREATEs

code

permits

owner.

(Refer

paragraph

the

The

not

OTHER) .

may

(i.e.

changed

CREATES

the

description

3.5.3.1

for

the

may

range

user

the

class

codes

procedure

and

the

from

operations

OPERATION (S)

permitted.

directory may be
are

read

directory

may

be.read

are permitféd.

permitted.

directory

may

LOOKUPs

are

CREATEs

and LOOKUPs

file.

file

and

read

file

and

permitted.

directory
CREATEs

permitted.

LOOKUPs

The

(Refer

are

The

tne

three

codes.)

each

lists

code

CREATEs

both

Revised

specifies

the

classes.)

PERMITTED

code

permits.

Access

user

assigned

owner of

each

protection

assigned
table

the

MEMBER,

protection

3-digit

either

directory

protection

following

The

description

the

created,

the

CODE

code

option

change

the

directory

and,

protection
7;

users

for

rename

SFD)

default,

assigned,

the

protection

classes

paragraph

(UFD

access

possible

PROTECTION CODES

may
and

are

both

read

LOOKUPs

as
are

permitted.
a file and
permitted.

June

1972

-393 -

SECTION

STANDARD

3.1

OPTIONAL

PIP

provides

executed

PIP

the

PIP

SWITCHES

FUNCTIONS

user

during

with

the

group

optional

functions

performance

the primary

PIP

which

can

transfer

func-

tion.

Each optional function is assigned an identifier which, when added
as a

"switch"

to a PIP command,

initiates

the execution of the

identi-

fied function.

For the purposes of this manual, the PIP optional functions are divided into standard and special groups.
tions

All

described

this

section

determine which

edit

define

manipulate

optional

all

files

the data

the

mode
the

functions

are

of switches

which:

transferred;

contained

The standard group of op-

consist

each

source

file;

transfer;

directory

which

deal

with

directory-type

device.

non-directory devices

and

which perform functions other than those listed above are considered
special

3.1.1

and

are

Adding

described

Switches

Section

to PIP Commands

All switches in PIP commands must be preceded by a slash
for
to

example,
a

PIP

the

optional

function

identified by

the

(i.e., /sw);

letter w

added

command:

*DTAl:DESTFL.BIN/w=DSK:FILEA.BIN,FILEB.BIN<CR>
When more
listed

than

either

parentheses

one

switch

separated

(e.g.,

(BX)).

added

slashes

(e.g.,

command,

/B/X....)

they may

enclosed

PIP

3.2

BASIC

The basic
write
two

TRANSFER FUNCTION

function performed by PIP

transfer)

types

3.2.1
The

the

files

the

data blocks

interchange

(i.e.,

between devices.

read/

There

are

group

operations:

destination device.

A non-X type in which all files or blocks transferred from the source device are combined (i.e.,
concatenated) into a single file on the destination device.

X-Switch Copy files Without Combining

use

source

the

files

X-switch enables

onto

changing their

extensions.
in

transfer

An optional X-switch transfer in which the source
files or blocks are transferred as separate files
to

- 394 -

the

user

to move

the destination device as

creation dates,

time

dates,

(copy)

individual
filenames

files without

and

filename

The following'are examples of how the X-switch is used

PIP:

transfer

all

the

user's

disk

files

type:

a DECtape,

DTAl:/X=DSK:*,
L *<CR>

Assuming that there are three files on the user's
disk area named FILEA, FILEB, FILEC.REL, these
files will be transferred to DTAl and can be referenced on

DTAl

those

names.

One significant difference between the disk and all
other devices is file protection.
If the
the source device, PIP will by-pass those

files

to which

the

current user

disk is
protected

not permitted

access.
A suitable message is then issued by PIP
if the rest of the command string is successfully
executed.
Similar processing is described later
for the L., Z and D switches.
If none of these
switches is given, a requested DSK file which is
protected will cause termination of the request.

transfer

all

the

files

from card reader

to disk,

type:

DSK:/X+CDR: *<CR>
When
the

transferring
*

wholly

command,
ASCII or

the

files
input

from

the

files

wholly binary.

card

must

reader with

either

To transfer two specific files from user
disk

area to

PIP

- 395 -

[11,7]'s

type:

DECtape,

DTA2:/X=DSK:[11,7]FILEA,REL.FILEA.MAC<CR>

To copy files from a paper tape onto a directorytype device, the user may employ either:
A copy command in which the number of files
to be read are specified by adding a series

of commas

the command after

the

source

The number
device name (i.e., PTR,,,sss+)+
of commas required is always one less than
the total number of files to be transferred.
For example,

the command:

DSK:/X=PTR:,,,,<CR>
(5)

specifies that five

files are to be

indicopied from paper tape and written,
~vidually, into the current user's disk area.
b. A copy command in which all the files contained by a paper tape are to be copied onto
a specified device. For example, the command
DSK:/X=PTR:*<CR>

specifies that all files contained on the paper

tape loaded as PTR are to be copied into the
Whenever a command
current user's disk area.
of this type is used, the last file on the
paper tape must be followed by two consecutive
-

end-of-file codes.

NOTE

In both the foregoing examples,

PIP

will generate any needed destination
This function is described
filenames.
in paragraph

3.2.1.1.

Whenever the X-switch is used and is not combined with an editing
option, PIP transfers any file involved as it appeared on the source

device.
to

s copy operations and are referred
are
X-switch operation

such.

NON-DIRECTORY TO DIRECTORY COPY OPERATION - 1In copying
; files from a non-directory device onto a directory-type device, PIP
3.2.1.1

must perform special operations in naming the destination files.

example, a special case of source and destination filenames arises
in

the command:

: *<CR>
DTA2 :FNME.EXT/X=MTA{

For

PIP

- 396 -

Here,

every

file

directory

destination

(MTA@)

may

each

contain

name

the

second

decimal
each

For

non-directory

combining

files

(i.e.,

FNME.EXT)

but

one

file.

necessary

for

PIP

generate

PIP

generates

which

three

the

filenames

first

characters

three

(/X).

the

than
a

device

Only

source

one

unique

one

device

file

filename

developing

characters

given

(MTaAZ)

are

either:

destination

portion

filename

without

given

characters

filename

from

than

field

numbers

copied

(DTA2)

file.

given

destination

the first
filename,

The

copied

character

filename

transferred,

for

device

@@l

"XXX"

the

999

developed

during

extensions,

PIP

destination

PIP-generated

through

filename

command.

which
the

uses

null

name

are

field

added,

copy

either

field

filename

consists
in

sequence,

the
to

operation.

the

extension

filename

are

present

given

the

command
.

For

example,

assuming

that

three

files

MTAg,

the

command
:

DTA2:FNME.EXT/X=MT
*<CR>
Af:

transfers
the

DECtape

If,

the

files
to DTA2

directory

establishes

the

files

example,

the

command

the

following

did

not

names

copied:

FNM@@1.EXT,

FNM@@2.EXT,

FNM@g@3.EXT.

and

for

the

above

tion

filename

been

named:

(i.e.,

XXX@ggl

XXX@gg2

XXX@gg3

given

DTA2:/X=MTA@:*<CR>)

the

copied

include

files

destina-

would

have

PIP

- 397 -

e characters
The use of the 3-digit decimal number for the last thre
files from
of the filename name gives the user 999 possible input on the
non-directory devices. If PIP finds more than 999 files r the
afte
source device it will terminate the transfer operation
r message

999th file is copied and will issue the erro

?TERMINATE/X,MAX OF 999 FILES PROCESSED.

PIP (either

Any error messages referring to individual files named by
.

input or output) will use the generated filename

mounted on a
3.2.1.2 ASSIGNING NAMES TO DECTAPE TAPES - A tape
ng copy
specified DECtape unit can be assigned an identifier durl
(any SIXBIT
operations. Tdentifiers are from 1 to 6 character names be used)
character - except 4+ .- within the code range 40-137 can). = DECtape
which are added to the DECtape's directory (128th word ; the
identifiers can be read by PIP, FILEX and DIRECT programs

er is assigned
Monitor does not read identifiers. A DECtape identifi
the DECtape to be
by adding the selected name to a PIP command when ce.
named is mounted on the specified destination devi
The format required for a DECtape identifier is
+namet

owing the

A DECtape identifier is inserted intoa PIP command foll
given destination device name:

dev:tnamet=source file specification(s)
For example, the command

*DTA3: tMYFILE+/X=DTAl:.**

the identifier
specifies that the DECtape on device DTA3 be givenaine
d by the tape
"MYFILE" and receive coples of all the files cont
on device DTAl.

3.2.2

DX-Switch, Copy All But Specified Files

es all the files
When the DX-switch is added to a PIP command it causion
device except
to be copied from the source device to the destinat
3-5

PIP

- 398 -

those

files

device

Only
is

which

DSK,

are

maximum

directory-type

made

Only

one

named

devices

the

existence

source

device

the

source-file

command

are

allowed

the

files

string.

the

specifications

source

which

are

permitted; for

source

are

devices;

not

example,

the

allowed.

check

copied.

command

DTAl:(ZDX)=DSK:*.LST

,*.SAV,CREF.CRF<CR>

zeroes

out

disk,

all

sion

.LST

3.2.3

When

directory

the

except

X-switch

the

DTAl

CREF.CRF

Without

transferred

and

transfers

and all

files

DTAl,

with

from

either

the

exten-

.SAV.

Transfer

blocks

file

the

files

not

from

destination

combine

X-Switch

(Combine

included

the

device.

three

source

PIP

device

For

bPaper

Files)

command

are

all

combined

files

into

single

example:

tape

files

into

one,

type

BTP:=PTR:, ,<CR>

combine

DECtape,

two

files

type

DECtape

into

one

another

DTA3:FILCOM=DTA2:FIL

A,FILB<CR>

combine

the

files

user's

disk

from

area,

two

DECtapes

type

into

cne

DSK:DSKFIL=DTA2:ONE,

DTA4:TWO.MAC<CR>

combine

all

the

user's

disk

the

files

area,

MTAF

into

type

one

file

DSK:TAPL.MAC=MT
: *<CR>
Af

(This assumes
Point)
.

3.2.4

The

U-Switch,

U-switch

specify

that

onto

the

This

switch

another.

Copy

used

Blocks

destination

For

that

MTAZ

DECtape

during
g,

and

positioned

Blocks

and

the

source

Load

DECtape-to~-DECtape
2

the

copy

tape

operation

are

copied

tape.

commonly
example,

used
the

transfer

command:

DTBOOT

from

one

tape

-399f

PIP

DTALl:/U=DTA5:<CR>

transfers blocks # through 2 of DTA5 to DTAL.

3.3.1

A-Switch,

The use of

the A-switch

output buffer
are to be
required

3.3.2

Integral Output'Lines

(/A)

(Line

Blocking)

in a PIP command specifies

to contain an integral number of

split between physical output buffers.
for FORTRAN ASCII

C-Switch,
to Tabs

input.

.- Each

line

lines,

that each
no

lines

Line blocking

starts with

a new word.

Delete Trailing Spaces and Convert Multiple Spaces
:
’

The addition of a C-switch (/C) to a PIP command causes groups of
multiple spaces in the material being copied to be'replaced by one
or more TAB codes;

trailing

spaces

are deleted.

The conversion of the spaces to TAB codes is performed-in relation
to the

standard

line TAB

"stop"

intervals throughout the line.
which precede a TAB

"stop"

[spacell[stop]l--will not produce a TAB code.

[space] [space] [stop]--will produce

[space][space][stop][space][space]?—will produce [TAB]

[TAB].

[space] [space]

done with

replaced by one space when this

switch

The C-switch is used to save space when storing card images

in DSK file

structures.

care

since

The

conversion of

it could alter

spaces

Hollerith

to tabs must be

text.

E—Switch,'Ignore Card Sequence Numbers
switch,

normally used when a card reader is the source device,

causes characters

(i.e.,

spaces.

For example:

is used.

This

8-character

Only those groups of multiple spaces

will produce a TAB code.

A totally blank input line is

3.3.3

positions located at

replaced

- 3.3.4

N-Switch,

Delete

This

switch causes

columns)

73 through 8% of each input line

Segquence Number

line sequence numbers to be deleted from any

ASCII file being transferred.

Line sequence numbers are recognized
3-7

PIP

- 400
-

as any word in the file in which bit 35 is a binary 1 and follows a
carriage

return,

cation.

Nulls used to £fill the last word(s)

line

vertical

sequence

number

TAB,

form

feed

for

followed by

start-of-file

identifi-

of a line are ignored.

TAB,

the

TAB

also

deleted.

3.3.5

This
as

S-Switch,

switch

the

Insert

causes

output

indicated by

line

buffer

vertical

TAB or

Sequence

numbers

Sequence

sequence

the

bit

start

assigned

PIP

g@gl¥ and ranging

through

999¢

output

buffer

the

Sequence

switch causes
(see

3.3.7

This switch

which

3.3.5)
1

causes

PIP

character

following

table.

the

input

inserted

Sequence

numbers

are

carriage

return,

nnnnn,

and

1@.

starting

Approximately

facilitate

Increment

performed as

assigned

output

sequence

than

performs

the

line

the data
is

for

Line

editing

those

for

numbers

are

Printer Listing

generated by

other

needed when

each

form

left blank

Numbers

that

take

and

14.

device

intended,

interpretations

the

operations
to be

except

computed

line.

following

Prepare FORTRAN Output

output

it was

same

instead of

P-Switch,

which was

the

each

increments

Insert

This

(DTA only).

O-Switch,

incremented by

take

file

3.3.6

switch

to be

indicator.

one-third of
operations

number

a word

start-of-file

each

Numbers

the

line

carriage

sent

interpreted

to
by

a FORTRAN

program,

printer

(LPT),

control

character

the
PIP

LPT.

The

according

for

first
to

the

- 401 -

FORTRAN

Carriage

CONTROL

CHARACTER

INTERPRETATION

Control

Character

CARRIAGE

PIP

Produced

FORTRAN

ASCII

Character
(s)
Substituted
.

Program

space

Line Printer Action

Skips

to next

(single
FORM

68
*

g23

215

with

FEED. after

every

lines.

Skips
to
no

line

space)

line with

FORM FLEED.

Precede

line

with

car-

riage return only (i.e.,
over—-print previous
line).
_
,

(comma)

g21

Skips

to next

1/3@th

page.

g15,012,912

@22

Skips

two

Skips

lines.
next

1/2@th

page.

§24

Skips to next 1/6th of
'

page.

215,912

Skips

g14

3.3.7.1

)

COPY

FORTRAN

combined with

copy

FORTRAN

line

(double

Skips

page

(page

g29

Skips

g13

Skips to next 1/3 page

can be

space)
.

BINARY
/P

binary

eject).

1/2

page.

(also vertical tab).

FILES
PIP

top

The

command

file.

The

binary mode

/B/P

enable
switch

the

switch

(/B)

user

obtain

combination

needed

when copying FORTRAN binary file(s) frop a DECtape source onto a Disk
in

order

The

/B/P

insert
a

switch

needed

combination

control word
is

not

destination devices ‘have

the

FORTRAN

command

binary

file

copy

needed

same buffer

into each physical
if

both

size.

dev:name.ext/B/P=dev:name.ext...<CR>

the

The

buffer.

source

format

and

for a

PIP

- 402 -

3.3.8

This

T-Switch,

switch

being
then
in

Delete

causes

all

transferred.
single

space

the

copied

file.

3.3.9

The

W-Switch,

addition

contained
more

trailing

Trailing

and

spaces

transfer

line

be deleted

consists

line

terminator will

Converts

Tabs

a W-switch

(/W)

the

material

being

sequential

Spaces

of
be

from

the

file

nothing

but

retained

spaces,
its

place

Spaces

to a

PIP

copied

command

causes

converted

each TAB
to

one

code

spaces.

The ndmber of spaces produced when a TAB code is converted is determined by

the

"stops".
throughout

switch

position

Each

line

the

length

operation,

sequential

has

line

only

TAB

the
TAB

TAB

the

relation

the

positioned

8-character

line.

enough

stop

stops

When

spaces

position.

are
For

TAB

converted

produced
example,

standard

reach

the

series

line

TAB

intervals
in

the

[TAB]
op]
ABCD
[st

converted

[stop]ABCDspspspsp[stop]

where:

The
of

use
a

3.3.10

the

causes

restored

files

previously

their

edited by

original

form

because

the

use

the

deleted

file

is not

(less

V-Switch, Match Angle Brackets

edited.

spaces).

switch

tains

space.

the W-switch

C-switch

trailing

This

The

the

not

use

results

input

file.

true
this

edit

switch,

switch

cumulative
If

line

generates
matching
the

an
of

input

output
angle

file

file which

brackets

contains

con-

located

brackets

which are not needed to match earlier brackets and which match each
other,

no output occurs.

In all other cases where brackets occur,

- 403 -

PIP

a cumulative total and the line currently considered are printed.
The

symbol

count.

scores

a negative count;

A typical use

for

the MACRO-1f# Assembler;

this

switch

for example,

the

symbol

to check

scores
source

assuming that the

a positive
input

file A contains:

ONE<<>

TWO<
THREE>

FOUR<>>
-

FIVE<>

SIX>

The

request

LPT:=DTA2:A/V<CR>

results in the Line Printer output:

From this

general

either a

FIVE

example,

ONE<<L>

TWO<
THREE>

FOUR<>>
CSIX>.

the most

< missing or an extra

likely conclusion

in this

file.

Line

that

five

there

(i.e.,

<>) was not printed bgéause the brackets which it contained

were matched.

3.3.11

Y-Switch,

DECtape

The Y-switch enables

to Paper

Tape

the user to transfer DECtape

files having the

filename extension .RMT, .RTB or .SAV onto SAVE-formatted RIM1g or
RIM1g@ paper tapes.

The

type and contents

of the paper

tape produced

in a Y-transfer is determined by the source file filename extensiog.
If the extension is:
1.

.RMT,
fer

- A RIM1f paper tape

word)

.RTB,

- A RIM1g¢ paper

terminating

(with

terminating trans-

produced;

tape

transfer word)

(with RIM loader and
is

produced;

.SAV, - A RIM1@B paper tape is produced (with
neither RIM loader nor terminating transfer word).

For example,

the

command

PTP:/Y=DTA2:TESTI.RTB<CR>
3-11

PIP

- 404
-

will

punch

description

Switches

RIM1gB

.RMT

file

tape

from DECtape

and

assumed

"save"
an

X may be

that

.RTB,

format.

saved

file

described

file

used

.RMT

and

The

switch

assembly

functions

.SAV

the

foregoing

are

the

Y-switch.

all

assumed

that

the
no

standard

block

one.

NOTE

time

performed

files

preceding

Optional

item

conjunction with

particular,

overlaps

TESTI.RTB.

obtained by

setting

(see

source

file

by PIP

during

RIMSW=1

PIP.CTL.).

transfers

response

each possible type of source file filename extension are:
1.

.RTB

file

Punch

Punch an

causes
RIM

PIP

to:

loader.

I/O word

(-n,x)

the

variable

data

block.

The

data

words

punched

each

start
the

block

each

number

and

has

of
the

octal value 17, or less.
The variable x is
the starting address-1 for loading the following
data.

Successive

values

are

derived

from

the pointer words in the DECtape blocks.
The
first value of x is the value of the right side
of the first pointer word in the DECtape file.

The complete DECtape
scriked in item b.

The

punched as

de-

final block punched is followed by a block
containing a transfer word.
If the right half
of .JBSA contains @ then a halt is punched. If
the right half of .JBSA contains a non-zero
value, a jump to that address is punched.

.SAV file is
.RTB extension

word

file

are

treated in the
except that no

same

RIM

way as one having
loader and no transfer

punched.

An .RTM file initiates
to those described for
following differences:
a.

Only
data

one IOWD is
words and a

The

first

from

the

saved

logical

block

the

PIP functions which are similar
.RTB files but which have the
'

produced,
(-n,x) where (n-1)
transfer instruction follow.
(n-1l)

file
which

data words
the

first

contains

(i.e., the first location
the JOBDATA area).

punched
word

location

after

the

.JBDA

end

- 405 -

PIP

3.4

SET

The variable x is then set to the starting address (address-1l) of the first data
word found.
The effective program length
is determined by the relationship n=(.JBFF)-x.
Data is now transferred from (x+1) until
(n-1) words have been punched.

Zero fill is used if a pointer word in a
source block indicates noncontinuous data.
The transfer word, calculated as described
for .RTB files terminates the output file.

DATA MODE,

SWITCHES

AND

The addition of optional data mode switches to a PIP command specifies the mode in which the file(s) involved must be transferred.
Data modes are device dependent;

complete descriptions of their

use and effect on different devices are given in the DECsystem-1§
Monitor Calls

manual.

I1f both input and output devices can do binary I/0, no editing
switches are in force and no concatenation is required.
are transferred in binary mode
that requires
is

used.

The data mode

/B -

(36-bit bytes).

PIP to do character processing
switches

initializes
binary

the

All files

If an editing switch

is used,

ASCII mode

are:

input and output devices in

mode.
NOTE

Since PIP recognizes the following
as binary extension, /B is not required when these extensions are
used

the

PIP

command.

Binary Extensions
.BIN
.CHN
.CKP
.DAF

/H &

'
‘

. HGH
+INT
.LOW
.QuUC

Recognized by PIP
.

. RES
.SAV
+.SFD
.SHR

.DAT

.QUD

.SYS

«DCR

.QUE

.UFD

. DMP

.QUF

initializes the input and output devices

image binary mode.

‘3.

/I - initializes the input and output devices in
image

mode.

PIP

3.5

- 406
-

FILE

Optional
are

DIRECTORY

PIP

switches

described

3.5.1

SWITCHES

whose

functions

paragraphs

L-Switch,

3.5.1

affect

through

user

file

directories

3.5.6.

List Source Device Directory

NOTE

The

Monitor

command

DIRECT

provides

the

user with more facilities for obtaining
directory-type information than the PIP
L-switch option (refer to the DECsystem19 Monitor Command Manual for details).

This

switch

directory.
ing

enables
The

the

type

user

output

obtain
device

listing

used

affects

the

directory

the

output

device

TTY,

formats

for

directory-type

DTA

source

For
n

FREE

BLOCKS

filename.ext

For

DSK

(e.g.,

blocks

Asterisk

number

list-

used
only

only

Blks

either

those

creation

date

requested

those

tory listing.

DATE)

directory.

symbols

specified
the

listed.
files

(TODAY'S

project-programmer

creation

date

the

files

listing

are:

(CURRENT TIME)
the

question mark wildcard

extension

causes

directory

TTY:=DSK:/L<CR>)

[directory]

Total

device

TTY:=DTA4:/L<CR>)

(e.g.,

where

the

devices

.filename.ext<protection>no.of blocks

the

scurce

LEFT

no.

source

DIRECTORY

can

the

follows:

cause

with

disk

Thus,

(refer

paragraph

filename

extension

directory

the

extension

command
.REL

2.3.2.2)

fields

particular

filename

TTY:/L=DSK:*.REL<CR>
be

printed

the

direc-

If the output is not TTY, the directory listing is

printed

one

the. following

For DTA,

For DSK, source format is as in paragraph 1. (b)
but includes access date and mode as well as
the creation time and access date.
If any disk
file is protected, as much information as pos-

F-Switch,

source

format

formats:

sible is

3.5.2

PIP

“

- 407 -

in paragraph

1. (a)

given about it.

List Limited Source Directory

the L-switch;
This switch performs, essentially, the same function-as
however, only the filenames and extensions of the files in the‘speci—
fied disk or DECtape directory are listed.
NOTE

The Monitor command DIRECT provides the
user with more facilities for obtaining
directory-type information than the PIP
F-switch option (refer to the DECsystem1¢ Monitor Command Manual for details).

Only DSK: and DTAn: are permitted as source device;

device is given, DSK: is assumed.

if no source

)

&
1

For

example,

the

command

TTY
: /F=<CR>

lists the directory of the user's disk area as described.

The /F switch

may work in cases where /L will not because of file access protection.
3.5.3

R-Switch,

Rename Source Files

The use of this switch causes PIP to rename the source file to the
name given as the destination file name.

specification can be givénu

Only one source file

If more than one is given, the error

message PIP COMMAND ERROR is printed and no action is taken.

The

destination file specification can take the following forms (protection can always be specified):
1.

Filename.extension

Filename.*

3.
4,

*,Extension
*,*<protection>

PIP

22?2722.2°27?

fact,

has

file

name

2727

??7???22.%

effect

output

rename
be

can

without

protection

During

- 408 -

Filename

~Jovn

it.

not

1If

exists

the .following

specified

protection

but

the

request

specified,

*.*

the

(47}

current

altered.

operation

changed

always

device

message

?AMBIGUOUS [file

DSK,

than

the

one

user's

structure

PIP
file

finds

that

the

file-

structure,

PIP

will

terminal:

list] [filename.ext]

The following are examples of the proper use of the /R switch:
1.

DSK:MONI.F4/R=MONI.MAC<CR>
Rename

the

file

MONI.MAC

MONI.F4.

DSK:MON2,* /R=MONA., *<CR>
Rename

all

retain

files

the

of name
extensions

MONA

and

any

extension

but

take

the

new

retain

MON2.

DSK:*,EXT/R=*
Rename
own

all

names

name

MAC<CR>

files
but

take

extension
the

MAC

extension

their

EXT.

DSK:*.*<g77>/R=%*_ SAV<CR>

Give

all

files

extension

g77
5.

SAV

the

protection

DTAl:MON2/R=MONA.REL<CR>
Rename
and

3.5.3.1

the

file

null

MONA.REL

have

the

name

MON2

extension.

CHANGING SOURCE
(R) FUNCTION

UFD

SFD

PROTECTION

CODE

USING

THE

RENAME

- The access protectidn codes assigned to UFDs or SFDs can be changed
using

the

rent

user

Calls

PIP

rename

permits

manual

for

privileges.)
the

PIP

rename

The

the

switch

(/R)

operation.

detailed

owner

function.

the

privileges

(Refer

description

a directory

the

user

always

assigned

the

DECsystem-10

UFD

and

SFD

permitted

cur-

Monitor

access

the

use

~ 409 The

command format required to change

code

PIP
a directory access protection

1is

*dev: [directory] .UFD<nnn>/R=[directory]
.UFD<CR>

where

<nnn>

represents the desired

(new)

protection code.

[directofy] must be the same on both sides of the

command.

The user indicates to PIP that the protection
code of the identified directory (UFD or SFD)
is to be changed by specifying the extension
.UFD without

filename.

Note

that

the

same

ex-

tension, .UFD, is used when changing the access
protection of an SFD as well as for changing the
protection of

a UFD,

The following examples illustrate the use of the /R switch in changing the access protection codes

The

of directories.

command:

DSKA:[57,123] .UFD<222>/R=[57,123] .UFD<CR>

changes the access code of the UFD identified by the
number pair 57,123 to /222..
The

command

DSKA:[57,123,AAA,BBB,111] .UFD<222>/R={57,123,AAA,BBB,111].UFD<CR>

changes the access code of the SFD named 111 to the value
222.
.Note that the last name given in the [directory]
identifier is the SFD which is affected by the /R operation.
’

3.5.4

D-Switch,

Delete Files

This switch causes PIP to delete one or more specified files
the device given in the destination side of

the PIP command.

one device can be specified in a delete command;

the

following

command

DSK:/D=FILFA,FILEB,FILEC.MAC,
* .REL<CR>

Only

it is assumed that

the source and destination devices are the same device.

For example,

from

PIP

- 410 -

causes

PIP

FILEC.MAC

delete

and

all

nonexistent

from

files

file

the

user's

having

the

specified

disk

area

extension

files

FILEA,

FILEB,

.REL.

delete

command,

PIP

prints

the error message

¢2filename.ext

FILE

WAS

NOT

FOUND

and continues to process deletions of the existing specified files.
If

the

existing

file

found

protected

will

skipped

and

message

?filename.ext

is printed.
from

other

a user

users'

(2)

has

PROTECTION

the

correct

FAILURE

privileges

can delete

files

areas.

NOTE
An

attempt

write-locked
DEVICE

dev.name‘OPR
REQUESTED

printed

operator

message

the

will

printed

completion

files

deleted

For

example,

disk
and

assume

exists

subsequent

that

terminal.
the

that

user's

terminal.

no.

When

DECtape

requested

the

operation,

total

number

file

three

current

UFD:

messages

printed

DLELETED:

BLOCKS

station

the

FILEAN.MAC
3

DECtape

message

operator

user's

start

delete

the

*DSK:/D=FILEA.MAC
IFILES

error

sys-

unit

actiocn

and

OPER

the

from

the

write-enabled

involved,

FILEA.MAC

at
has

cause

CONT

files

ACTION

being
tem

delete

results

FREED

<CR>

PIP

blocks

the

PIP

lists

blocks

command

would

the

names

freed

length

and

for

appear

(user

command)

(PIP

response)

(PIP

responsea)

(PIP

responsc)

its

as:

the

of
deletion.

named

deletion

and

- 41 -

3.5.5
The

Z Switch,

use of

PIP

Zero Directdry

this

switch causes

PIP

zero out the directory of

the

destination's device; a source device does not have to be specified
in the command.

A Z-switch request is implemented before any other

operation specified in

the command string

in which it occurs.

Thus,

DTA2:CARDS/Z=CDR:<CR>

zeroes out the directory of DTA2 before transferring one file from

CDR onto DTA2.

The command

DTA2:/Z=<CR>

zeroes

out

destination device

the

all

the

directory of

DTA2.

the disk,

the files whose names are

an attempt is made

to delete

found in the directory specified.

protection codes prohibit the deletion of some of the files,

the re-

gquest will terminate after as many files as possible have been deleted,
and

the

message

?filename.ext
(2) PROTECTION

is printed.

The

user

tected

files

and

repeat his

example,

the

command

For

FAILURE

should then change
request

the protection of the pro-

if he wants

all

files

deleted.

DSK:FLOUT/Z=DTA2
: CARY <CR>

zeroes
from

DTA2

3.5.6
This

out

the directory of
to

the

disk,

and

the

user's

names

the

disk

area,

transfers

file CARY

file FLOUT.

Q-Switch, Print Summary of PIP Functions
switch causes

device

PIP

file SYS:PIP.HLP.

print on
a
This

file

of all PIP switches and functions.

specified device
contains

the

system

an alphabetical

For example,

list

the command

LPT: /Q=<CR>

causcs the.followinq summary to be listed on the line printer:

PIP

- 412
-

PIP

Switches

(Alphabetic

Line Blocking
Binary Processing
Suppress Trailing

HEOD

Multiple
Delete

File

(Card)

List

Disk

(Mode)
Spaces,

Spaces

Treat

order)

Convert

TABs

Columns

73-80
Directory

DTA

Summary

Spaces
*Filenames

GHIm®

and Ext. only)
Ignore I/0 Errors
Image

Binary

Image

Processing

Punch

Cards

o=zt

must

029

Directory

See

MTA Switches
Sequence

Same

FORTRAN

(Mode)

(Output

Device

CDP)

List

Delete

Processing

switch,

output

Convert

Below
Numbers

except

Increment

Conversion

format

control

assumed.

character

for LPT listing.
/B/P FORTRAN
Binary
Print (this) List of Switches and
Meanings
Rename File

Resequence,

to File;

Add

Sequence

increment

RN EgaAd

Match

parentheses

Convert

TABs

Copy

Specified

RIM,

DTA

Destination

MTA

only.

tion

format

Zero

Out

in parentheses

Spaces

Files
if

format

source

extension

RIM Loader,

RTB

RIM

1g¢

source extension is
is as RTB - RIM 1¢B

extension

RMT

SAV
file

destina-

RIM1g.

Directory

means

select

cCHE"MDOMHENDW,

followed

(

(M#NA) ,

files,

Density
Density

Advance

MTAl

File

Advance

MTAl

Record

Backspace

MTAl

Backspace

MTAl

switch

File
Record

Rewind

MTA or DTA
Skip to Logical EOT
Rewind and Unload MTA or

(M#ND),
records.

optional

B.P.I.
B.P.I.

Mark

(M#NB),

8f¢
556

2¢¢ B.P.I. Density
Even Parity

Only

(<>)

Multiple

PIP

Number

switches:

Enclose

*This

Suppress Trailing Spaces
Copy Block @ (DTA)

file transfer.
If
destination format

(M#NP)

mean

obtained

3-20

:
DTA

EOF

advance

setting

backspace MTAn

RIMSW=1

assembly

time.

- 413 -

3.6

PERMITTED SWITCH COMBINATIONS

The

combinations

are

permitted

PIP

VvV

Hog

PIP

PIP's

standard

commands

and

special

option

are

illustrated

AR AN

/Sy

following

Delete only

ASCII mode

Always legal

List Directory only

Binary mode

ASCII mode

Unused
#
v

/oy

)

Yok

/42

Magnetic Tape Only

/oY

ASCII mode

ASCII

FORTRAN

#
4

V.V
W

/xSy

Y
/A

/A
LEGEND:

Prints file PIP.HLP
#

Rename only

ASCII mode

VYA

/AN

VYV

v
v

#
v

List Directory only

Yoy

Notes

Binary mode

matrix.

ASCII mode

which

ASCII mode
Y

the

switches

ASCII mode

ASCII or Binary mode

v
A

Yoy

Symbol

A permitted combination

Special

Blank

Binary mode
Output only

Meaning

?
#

DTA only

A permitted but unlikely combination
Not permitted
purpose

Untested or

combination

unused combination

PIP

- 414
-

- 415 SECTION

PIP

SPECIAL PIP SWITCHES

4.1

SPECIAL

This

section contains

magnetic

4,2

PIP

tape,

MAGNETIC

FUNCTIONS

error

TAPE

When magnetic

descriptions

optional

recovery and card punch

PIP

functions

used

operations.

SWITCHES

tape .is

used

file

transfer,

PIP

can

set

the

périty and density parameters and position the tape reels.

tape

In PIP

commands, magnetic tape switches apply to only one particular magnetic
‘tape

The

unit

optional

file

specification.

PIP magnetic

tape

(MTA)

switches

are written

enclosed

in parentheses;
the letter M is used as the first character of all

optional switches or series of switches

(e.g.

(Msw)

(Mswlsw2..).

"MTA switches must appear within the command file specifications of
the

particuvlar

file

particular

device

particular

file

4.2.1

which

they

refer.

and,

except

for

specification

Thus,

density
that

MTA
and

switches
parity

refer

selections,

device.

Switches for Setting Density and Earity Parameters

‘The default Monitor density of 8¢¢*bits—per-word‘(bpi) and odd parity
are assumed unless either the Monitor SET DENSITY command was given
or

one

the

following

switches

is included

the

PIP

command

file

specifications:

Switch

Meaning

(M8)
(M5)
(M2)
(ME)

The

8@ bpi density (default value)
556 bpi density
20@ bpi density
Even parity (odd parity is default)

following command

MTA2

2@ bpi,

string

with

even

causes

parity

MTA2: (M2E) =MTAl (ME2) <CR>

4-1

PIP

(and

transfer

in ASCII

file

from MTAl

line mode)

PIP

- 416
-

4.2.2

The

Switches

following

tape

for

Positioning

switches

are

Magnetic

used

PIP

Tape

command

strings

for

magnetic

handling:

Switch

Function

(MA)

Advance

(MB)

Backspace

(MD)

Advance

(MP)

Backspace

(MW)
(MT)

Rewind tape reel.
Skip to logical End-of-Tape.

(MU)
(MF)

Mark

Rewind

In PIP MTA commands,
example,

the

tape

reel

Performed

tape

reel

tape

and

one

reel

one

reel

file.

one

file.

record.

one

record.

unload.

End-of-File.

source device need not be

rewind MTAl:,

given.

For

type

MTAl: (MW)=<CR>

source

transfer

load

device

will

a magnetic

magnetic

string.

Density

specification.

and

specified
except

when

the

PIP

command

string,

requested

information

rewind

and

un-

tape.

Several

parity

occur,

tape
or
In

even,

the

fifth

files

functions

parity,
the

specified

single

when

changed,

will

following

example,

density

and

first,

tape
that

may

reel

are

rewound
to

appear

the

printed

the

set

the

command
file
20@

third,

line

bpi,

fourth

printer.

LPT:=MTAl:
(M2EW) , (MA) ,, <CR>

If multiple
the

number

decimal).
related
by

three

backspace,
of

advance

movements

file

required

record movements

specified

are

needed,

(interpreted

All positiéning switches are implemented before any

file transfers
files

before

are

made;

thus

transferring

backspace

file

(M#nB)

MTAl: (M#3A)-PTR:
paper

tape

file

request

given,

will

it.

after

completion of "n+l" backspace files one advance
file request is made unless the tape is at Load
Point.
1In this way the tape is always initially
positioned

the

command
:

MTA@
: (MB) =<CR>

beginning

file.

Thus,

the

advance

MTAl

- 417 will backspace MTA@Z
file.

the

start of
‘

the

PiP

If the Load Point is reached before a backspace
file or record request is completed, an error
diagnostic will terminate the run and the following error message is printed
?LOAD POINT BEFORE END OF

BACKSPACE REQUEST?

Only one MTA movement per file specification is

allowed

in a

command string.

Thus:

MTAQ : (MT#2B)
=. . . <CR>
is illegal since it requests two distinct types

of MTA movement.

4.2.2.1

BACKSPACE TO START OF CURRENT FILE

The specification
of 2

as the value of n in a multiple backspace command

(e.g., M#@B)

the tape to be backspaced to the start of the current file.
of M#@B is not the same as MB,

4.2.2.2

causes

The use

switch MB is equivalent to M#l1B.

ADVANCE TO END OF CURRENT FILE

the value of n in a multiple advance command

The specification of § as

(e.g., M#@A)

causes the

tape to be moved to a point just before the EOF marker of the current

filé.

The use of M#gA is not the same as MA, switch MA is equivalent

to M#lA.

’
NOTE

The advance and backspace record requests are
available as a convenience for the knowledgeable

user, and should be approached with caution.
Always remember that PIP typically has multiple
input and output buffers and the physical position of the tape need not correspond to the physical position of the record currently being processed.

4,3

G-SWITCH,

ERROR

RECOVERY

If the error recovery switch
/G is present in a command string,

specific set of I/0 errors will‘be'acknowledged by error messages.
The I/O errors affected by the presence or absence of /G are listed
in Section 5,

paragraph 5.2,

flagged by an asterisk

(*).

item 3 of the error messages,

and are

Processing will continue after the error

message is printed as though no error had occurred.

errors occurring within a file may be overridden.

Thus, must I/0

However, if the

same error condition occurs in each buffer of the file,

the error

PIP

- 418 -

message
occurs

1is
or

repeated
the

obtained

input

subject
I1/0

core

the

errors

can

error

level

will

J-SWITCH,

J-switch

each

image

for

the

from

current

CARD

PUNCH

causes

cards

the

current

command

the

disk

end

G-switch

and,

request

string must

are

written.
is

PIP.

@29

mode.

the

is,

used,

printing

The

used

and

not

However,

diagnosed

not

after

PIP.

This

file

searched

therefore,

and

directory

diagnosed by

file

punched

the

listed

Monitor;

read

directories

output

either

the

DECtape

the

which may

request.

terminate

until

disappears.

directory

RELEAS

specified
by

buffer

read

errors

occur

4.4

input

LOOKUP

message,

vice

when

able

The

for

condition

file

Monitor

error

typically,
any

I/0

suit-

output

card -punch

the

de-

(CDP).

- 419 -

PIP

SECTION 5

PIP

5.1

ERROR MESSAGES

This

section

error

ERROR

describes

messages

that

REPORTING

the various

can

occur

types

during

The

special

treatment

the

current

job being

prematurely

AND

recoverable

PIP

ERROR MESSAGES

error

error messages

terminated when

Batch Processor is also described.
When

put

error message

devices

are

terminates

released.

conditions

and

operations.

which prevent

running

under

the

PIP

This means

run,

that

both

all

the

input

files,

and out-

fully or

partly

created, are available on the destination device.
NOTE

5.2

TI/O

All

error

(?)

indicate a

preceded

fatal

question

(non-recoverable)

mark

error.

ERROR MESSAGES

I/0 error messages

device and file;
l.

messages

are opened with a description of

the

relevant

for exampie,

INPUT

DEVICE

DTA3:FILE

FILNAM.EXT...

OUTPUT

DEVICE

DTA3:FILE

FLNAM.EXT...

DISK

DIRECTORY

READ...

Device

Message

DTA,DKS,MTA

WRITE

*CDR

7-9

ERROR

MISSING

*OTHER

BINARY

DATA

*ALL

DEVICE

ERROR

DEVICES

*ALLL, DEVICES
DTA

BLOCK

a G-switch
:

BLOCK

ERROR

NUMBER

TOO LARGE
'
INPUT
- BUFFER OVERFLOW
PHYSICAL EOT

*MTA

INCOMPLETE

. CHECKSUM OR PARITY

*OTHER

*Recoverable error
description of /G.

(LOCK)

PUNCH

used,

read

paragraph

4.3

for

PIP

- 420 -

Thus,

for the command DTA4:CON.REL=DTA3:CON.REL,

LOCKed,

PIP

prints

?0UTPUT

Other

5.3

The

messages

FILE

DEVICE

for

are:

7?DEVICE

dev

?DEVICE

dev NOT AVAILABLE

REFERENCE

request

DOES

EXIST

(DEVCHR
(INIT

can

occur

(filename.ext)

during

then

NOT FOUND or

enter

errors

(1)

(2)

PROTECTION

DIRECTORY

(g)

one

LOOKUP,

RENAME

the

following:

ILLEGAL FILE

NAME

(used

only)

FOR PROJECT-PROGRAMMER

NUMBER

FAILURE

FILE WAS BEING MODIFIED
RENAME FILE NAME ALREADY EXISTS
ILLEGAL SEQUENCE OF UUOS
BAD UFD OR BAD RIB
NOT A SAV FILE
NOT ENOUGH CORE
DEVICE NOT AVAILABLE
NO SUCH DEVICE
NOT TWO RELOC REG. CAPABILITY
NO ROOM OR QUOTA EXCEEDED
WRITE LOCK ERROR
NOT ENOUGH MONITOR TABLE SPACE

(17)

PARTIAL ALLOCATION

(2¢)

'BLOCK NOT FREE ON ALLOCATION

(21)

CAN'T

ONLY

SUPERSEDE (ENTER) AN EXISTING DIRECTORY
CAN'T DELETE (RENAME) A NON-EMPTY DIRECTORY
SFD NOT FOUND
SEARCH LIST EMPTY
SFD NESTED TOO DEEPLY
NO-CREATE ON FOR SPECIFIED SFD PATH

(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)

error

request)

disk.

FILE WAS

(3)
(4)
-(5)
(6)
(7)
(19)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)

NOT

ERRORS

error messages
on

for

code

? (V)

(V)

greater

LOOKUP,ENTER,

than

RENAME

268’

the

error message:

ERROR

printed.

values

the

these

used

DECsystem-10

the

Monitor

UUO's

Calls

LOOKUP,

manual

UUO's.

are

Error

CON,REL WRITE (LOCK)ERROR

(@)

the

message:

DTA4:FILE

devices

message:?

error

following

ENTER

the

if DTA4 is WRITE

ENTER

for

and

complete

RENAME.

Refer

descriptions

- 421 The

following. error messages

request

may be

PIP

givén on

reject

to an ENTER

DECtape:

The error message printed if there is no room for

entry

DECtape directory

?DIRECTORY FULL:

The error message printed if a zero
given for a DECtape output .file is
?ILLEGAL

The
tory

NAME:

following message
is given
search of

?NO

5.4

FILE

PIP

disk or

FILE

COMMAND

filename
is

filename

not

found

a direc-

DECtape

NAMED

filename.ext

ERRORS

The following error messages are output by PIP on the detection of
errors

the

user

command. string:

?PIP

COMMAND

Some

the

ERROR

possible

causes

this

type

error

are:

an illegal format for a command sfiring,

a nonexistent switch was requested,

c..

a filename other than * or *.* was given
for a non-directory (source) device.

?INCORRECT PROJECT—PROGRAMMER NUMBER:
The

project-programmer

number must be

the

form

[number
, number]

where @<number<777777,,
must be made if SFD's

@
are

full path specification
involved.

?SFD LIST TOO LONG:

Too many SFD's were listed in the full directory
path.

the

A maximum of

UFD)

five

permitted

levels

fication.
?ILLEGAL

(not

including

in a directory path

speci'

PROTECTION:

The protection number must be in the form <number>,

where:

¢<=number<=7778.

5-3

PIP

- 422
-

7?NO

BLOCK

The

COPY

switch was

sembled
6.

?TOC MANY

allow

REQUESTS

Conflicting
given.

5.5

Y-SWITCH

The

following

the

PIP

specified,

but

PIP was

not

as-

this.
FOR...(magnetic

density

tape)

and/or

parity

occur

only when

requests

were

ERRORS

error messages

command

the

Y-switch

included

string:

?DTA

Only

DECtape

PTP

ONLY:

input

and

paper

tape

output

are

permitted.

?/Y SWITCH NOT AVAILABLE THIS ASSEMBLY:

The

allow

FILE

The

extensions
or

but

PIP was

not assembled

ILLEGAIL

the

EXTENSION:

filenames

given must

.RMT,

.SAV.

Filename.ext
The

specified,

this.

filename.ext

.RTB

switch was

reasons

ILLEGAL
for

FORMAT:.

getting

the

diagnostic

ILLEGAL

FORMAT

are:

a. a zero length file was found,
b.

the

required

job

data

information was

not

avail-

able,

block

EOF was

pointer word

file.

MESSAGES

GENERAL

ERROR

The

following

the

any

?DISK
This

list

when

data

the

PIP

block

was

expected but

preceding

OR DECTAPE

message

device

found

source

5.6

cluded

overlapped

not

(RIM

18),

expected,
found

error messages

the

which

are

not

categories:

INPUT
printed

specified for
directory-type source

REQUIRED:
when

PIP

non~directory

function which

device.

5-4

source

requires

in-

- 423 ?filename.ext

ILLEGAL FILE

‘

PIP

NAME:

This message is output if an attempt is made to

ENTER without giving a .filename.

Errors found during /X, /%Z, /D, and /R operations
result in error messages which pertain to the specific error found.
Error messages for these operations
are printed only if no other fatal error occurs before the command string is processed.
If another
error does occur, its diagnostic takes precedence
over the diagnostics for the above switch functions.
?4K NEEDED:

4K not currently available
but is needed
reentrant

?DECTAPE

disk

(for non-

system).

I/O ONLY:

The I/0 devicé for a block @ copy (/U switch) must
be

DECtape.

?TERMINATE /X.MAX.'OF 999 FILES PROCESSED:
PIP, during a /X copy function from a non-directory
device, has processed 999 files.
This is the maximum number of files which such a /X request can
handle.

?TOO0 MANY' INPUT

DEVICES:

This error is for the /D and /DX functions; only
one input device is allowed when these switches are
used.
If more than one device is specified in a /D
command and the first device given is DSK, the disk
files are deleted when this diagnostic is given.
?NO

FILE

NAMED

PIP.HLP:

The data file requested by a PIP Q- sw1tch is not
available on the system device.
?LINE

TOO

LONG:

During an ASCII mode file transfer a line containing
more than 18f characters was detected.
This occurs
only when switches entailing line processing are
'
given

10.

(i.e.,

/A or /S).

?LOAD POINT BEFORE

END OF

BACKSPACE

REQUEST:

This diagnostic occurs only if either the MTA (M#nB)
or (M#nP) switch is used.
If the Load Point is
sensed before the "n" backspace files or records
function
is completed, an error is assumed to have
been made

the

user.

PIP

- 424
-

5.7

TMPCOR

the

used

ing

(DEVICE

temporary

are

TMP)

ERROR MESSAGES

storage

attempted

€rror messages

facilities

can

used

?TMPCOR NOT AVAILABLE:

2.,

?NOT

?COMMAND

NOT

ROOM
YET

TMPCOR WORD?

Number

during

PIP

the

UUO

operations,

TMPCOR
the

are

follow-

occur:

ENOUGH

provided

word

TMPCOR:

SUPPORTED

FOR

TMPCOR:

FREE
locations

free

the

TMPCOR

manual

for

storage

area.

Refer

the

UUO

the

DECsystem-1§

TMPCOCR.

Monitor

Calls

description

- 425 -

APPENDIX

STANDARD

Filename

Type

Extension

FILENAME

Table

PIP

EXTENSIONS

A-1

Extensions

File

Meaning

AID

Source

ALG

Source

ALP

ASCII

BAC

Object

Output from the BASIC Compiler.

BAK

Source

Backup

Source |

Source file in BASIC languége.

BIN

Object

Binary

BLB

ASCII

Blurb

BLI

Source

BNC

ASCII

BUG

Object

Saved

CAL

Object

CAL data

CBL

Source

ASCII

Alternate convention for command file
(@ construction for programs other

BAS

CCL

CKP

CHN

)

Source

file

Source file

in AID

language.

in ALGOL

language.

Printer forms alignmeht.

file

from TECO or LINED.

file.
file.

file in BLISS

language.

- BINCOM output.

‘

CCoO

CMD

than

show a program error.
and program files.

file

in COBOL language.

COMPIL).

ASCII

Listing of modifications

Binary

Checkpoint core image

Obiect

CHAIN file,

resident

software.

by COBOL operating

ASCII

]

file created

system.

Command file for indirect commands
(@

construction

for

COMPIL).

CMP

ASCII

COR

ASCII

Correctioh file for SOUP.

ASCII

CREF (cross-reference) input file.

CRF

to non-

Complaint file by GRIPE.

PIP

- 426
-

Table

Filename

Filename
Extension

Type

A-1

Extensions

(Cont'd)

_File

Meaning

CTL

ASCII

DAE

Binary

Default

batch

control

output

for

dump.
DAT

ASCII,

file.

DAEMON-taken

core

Data

(FORTRAN)

file.

Binary
DCR

Binary

Core

image

DDT

ASCII

Input

file

DIR

ASCII

Directory

save

(DCORE).

FILDDT.

from

FILE

command

DIRECT

program.

DMP

DOC

PDP-6

ASCII

PDP-6

format

SAVE

command.

Listing
recent

for

file

created

modifications

version

ERR

ASCII

Error

message

Source

file

FLO

ASCII

English

FRM

ASCII

Form.

FUD

ASCII

FUDGE2

HGH

Object

the

most

software.

file.

FORTRAN

language

listing

Nonsharable

‘

language.

flowchart.

output.

high

segment

two-segment

program.

HLP

ASCII

Help

files

containing

switch

explanations,

etc.
INI

ASCIT,

Initialization

file.

Binary

LOG

ASCII

Low

Object

Low

L.SD

ASCIT

Default output for DUMP program.

L.SQ

ASCII

Queue

LST

ASCIT

Listing

Source

file

ASCII

Manual

(documentation)

MAN

batch

log

segment

file.

two-segment

program.

listing.

data.
in

MACRO

language.
file.

- 427 -

PIP

Table A-1

(Cont'd)

Filename Extensions

Filename

Extensions

Type of
File

Meaning

file.

MAP

ASCII

Loader map

MEM

ASCII

Memorandum file..

MSB

Object

Music compiler binary output.

MUS

Source

Music compiler input.

OLD

Source

OPR

ASCII

Installation and assembly instructions.

PAL

Source

Source file in PAL 1¢

PBT

ASCII

P-batch control

PLG

ASCII

P-batch

QuC

Binéry

QUD

ASCITI,

Binary

source

Backup

log

program.

(PDP-8 assembler).

file.

Queue change reéuest.file.
Qfieued data file. )
¢

file,

request

QUE

Binary

Queue

QUF

Binary

Master queue and request file.

REL

Object

Relocatable binary

RIM

Object

RIM loader file.

RMT

Object

Read-In mode (RIM)‘format file (PIP).

RNC

ASCIT

RUNOFF input for producing a .CCO file.

RND

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a

RNO

ASCII

Programming specifications

RNP

ASCII

RUNOFF input for producing a

RSP

ASCTI

Script response time log file.

RTB

Object

Read-In mode

SAV

Object

Low segment from a one-segment program.

SCP

ASCIifi

SCRIPT control

SFD

Binary

Sub-file directory

SHR

Object

Sharable high segment
segment program.

file.

.DOC file.

in RUNOFF

input.

(RIM1@B)

.OPR file.

format file

(PIP).

file.

(restricted usage)..
file of a two-

PIP

- 428 -

Table

Filename

Extension

A-1

Extensions

Type of
__File

(Cont'd)

Meaning

SNO

Source

SNP

ASCII

Snapshot

SRC

ASCII

SRCCOM

output.

SVE

Object

.SAVed

file

SYS

Binary

Special

TEC

ASCII

TECO

TMP

ASCII,

Temporary

file
of

SNOBOL

disk

from a

System

language.

DSKLST.

single

user

Monitor.

files.

macro.

files.

Binary
TXT

ASCII

Text

file.

UFD

Binary

User

file

UPD

ASCII

Updates

WCH

ASCII

SCRIPT

XPN

Object

Expanded

directory

flagged

Monitor
save

(restricted
margin

(WATCH)
file

usage).

(SRCCOM).

file.

(FILEX).