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XX-7EB3B-A3
July 1972
12 pages
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Document:
06 lined
Order Number:
XX-7EB3B-A3
Revision:
0
Pages:
12
Original Filename:
06_lined.pdf
OCR Text
- =355 DEC-10-ULNDA-A-D - QeCcsyUstenio LINED LINE EDITOR FOR DISK FILES digital equipment corporation - maynard. massachusetts LINED - 356 - 1st Printing June 1971 2nd Printing (Rev) July 1972 Copyright © 1971, 1972 by Digital Equipment Corporation The material in this manual is for informational purposes and is subject to change without notice. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts: DEC PDP FLIP CHIP FOCAL DIGITAL COMPUTER LAB - 357 LINED CONTENTS Monitor Commands 1.1 CREATE Command 1.2 EDIT Command 2.0 LINED Commands 2.1 Inserting or Replacing a Line 2.2 Inserting Multiple Lines 2.3 Deleting a Line 2.4 Deleting Multiple Lines 2.5 Printing a Line 2.6 Printing Multiple Lines . 2.7 Closing the Current File 2.8 Examples of Command Sequence 3.0 Auxiliary Commands 3.1 R LINED 3.2 Initializing a File for Processing - 4.0 LINED Conventions and Restrictions 5.0 Error Handling 6.0 Implementation N 7.0 Standard for DECsystem=10 Line Sequence Numbers O A A A B W W W WWNNN = —= — 1.0 N Page LINED ' - 358 - - 359 - LINED LINED A LINE EDITOR FOR DECsystem=10 FILES LINED is a line editor for disk files. It is used to create and edit source program files which are written on disk in ASCII code with line sequence numbers appended. LINED has the ability to refer- ence any line at-any time without the user having to close and reopen the file. LINED is a reentrant program and loads in 2K pure and 2K impure segments of core. NOTE In this document, computer typeouts are indicated by underscoring. The symbol ) key. 1.0 The symbol represents the RETURN represents the ALTMODE key. MONITOR COMMANDS The MONITOR commands CREATE and EDIT may be used to select a file for editing with LINED. A temporary disk file, called ###EDT.TMP, is created for passing the commands to LINED. ‘1.1 The CREATE Command The CREATE command calls in LINED and opens the specified new disk file for editing. The CREATE command is of the form: LCREATE filename .ext ) 1.2 The EDIT Command The EDIT command calls in LINED and opens the specified existing disk file for editing. The EDIT command is of the form: LEDIT filename.ext ) 2.0 LINED COMMANDS LINED indicates its readiness to receive commands by typing an asterisk. At this time LINED is said to be in command mode. The user may then type in the following LINED commands. Version 13A . 1 July 1972 - LINED 2.1 - 360 - Inserting or Replacing a Line * Innnnn nnnn AAQd ... T Insert or replace the following typed line at line number nnnnn of the currently open file; nnnnn can be specified as a line sequence number or a point (.), or it can be omitted entirely. A point nnnxx refers to the last line which was typed, or the last line deleted, * or the last line inserted. - If nnnnn is omitted, it is assumed to be 10. When LINED has typed a line sequence number, the program enters text mode. characters typed by the user are understood to be text for the insertion. In the text mode, Following the user's typein of the line to be inserted, LINED types out the next sequential line number (nnnnn+10) following which the user presses the ALTMODE key (sometimes labeled PREFIX or ESC) to terminate the insert process and return to LINED command level. If there already exists a line at nnnnn, it will be replaced. A single quote following the line number indicates that insertion at this line number will cause the existing line to be replaced. 2.2 Inserting Multiple Lines *Innnnn, iiiii nANNN QAAAG . .. ... a nnnxx bbbbb..... .b . nnnyy Insert the following typed lines, beginning at line number nnnnn (which can be specified as either a line number or a point) of the . currently open file. . e . Each time a line is entered, nnnnn is in=- creased by the specified increment, .iiiii. If iiiii is omitted, it is assumed to be 10 (if iiiii has never been specified previously), or the previous increment specified. @ If nnnnn is omitted, it is assumed to be 10, and the result becomes the line number of the next inser- tion. Type ALTMODE on the line following the last insertion to return to LINED command mode. LINED then awaits another command. A double quote following a line number indicates that the increment specified for the current insert instruction has resulted in an existing line being skipped. 2.3 Deleting a Line * Dnnnnn Delete a line number nnnnn from the currently open file; nnnnn can be specified as either a line sequence number or a point. Version 13A - 2 July 1972 - 361 - LINED 2.4 Deleting Multiple Lines *Dmmmmm,nnnnn Delete Lines mmmmm through nnnnn from the currently open file; mmmmm must be less than nnnnn. Either mmmmm or nnnnn may be specified as a point as long as mmmmm is less than nnnnn. 2.5 Printing a Line Print line nnnnn on the user's Teletype; nnnnn can be specified as *Pnnnnn 2.6 either a line sequence number or a point. Typing ALTMODE fola typeout will cause the next sequential line to be printed. lowing Printing Multiple Lines * Pmmmmm ,nnnnn Print lines mmmmm through nnnnn of the currently open file; mmmmm must be less than nnnnn. Either mmmmm or nnnnn may be specified as a point as long as mmmmm is less than nnnnn. 2.7 Closing the Current File Closes the current file and returns to LINED command mode. At E ) this point, the user may- either open another file or type tC to return to Monitor level to assemble, list, and/or save his file on a permanent storage device (e.g., DECtape). 2.8 Examples of Command Sequence Example 1 .CREATE FILEA RUN LINED AND OPEN FILE FILEA *110 00010 THE PROGRAM BEGIN INSERTING LINES AT LINE NUMBER 10 INCREMENTING BY 10. 00020 IS INSERTED 00030 HERE 00350 i >tc Version 13A @ RETURN CONTROL TO LINED COMMAND MODE BY TYPING () . CLOSE FILE FILEA BY TYPING AN E. TYPING A tC RETURNS TO THE MONITOR COMMAND LEVEL. 3 ' July 1972 - 362 LINED Example 2 LEDIT FILEA RUN LINED AND OPEN EXISTING FILE FILEA PRINT LINES 10 THROUGH 30 *P10,30 00010 THE PROGRAM PRINTOUT 00020 1S INSERTED 00030 HERE *120 INSERT LINE 20 00020 1S PLACED 00030 ‘ ® *D30 DELETE LINE 30 *P 10,30 PRINT LINES 10 THROUGH 30 ‘00010 THE PROGRAM PRINTOUT 00020 IS PLACED *E TYPE E TO CLOSE FILE FILEA *iC 3.0 TYPING A t C RETURNS JOB TO MONITOR CONTROL LEVEL. AUXILIARY COMMANDS These Auxiliary Commands provide an alternate method of calling LINED and opening files. In most cases, auxiliary commands can be replaced by the monitor instructions CREATE and EDIT (Section 1). 3.1 RLINED LINED can be called in from the system device by typing .R LINED ) * LINED responds with an asterisk to indicate its readiness to receive a command. 3.2 Initializing a File for Processing S filename .ext ) Select an existing disk file, filename.ext, for editing. S filename.ext Select (create) a new disk file for editing, calling it filename.ext. 4.0 LINED CONVENTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS The following conventions and restrictions should be noted. a. Files are written with the installation standard protection. See the DECsystem=10 Operating System Commands manual for explanation of protected files. Version 13A ‘ 4 July 1972 - 363 - b. | LINED When in insert mode, typing ALTMODE following the printout of the next insertion line sequence number causes a returned to LINED command level. Typing ALTMODE to terminate a line of text to be inserted causes the text line to be ignored. 00010 LINE OF TEXT 0002 ~ Returns to LINED command level * 00010 LINE OF TEXT ®) Line is ignored * c¢. LINED assumes that all blocks in a disk file have an integral number of lines (i.e., each block begins with a sequence number and no line is split between blocks). This will always be the case with files which have been created and edited only with LINED; however, if sequence numbers have been removed, say by TECO, they may be restored by using PIP switch /S. d. LINED files can be resequenced using PIP switch /S. e. Line number O is illegal and cannot be used. f. Lines can be edited in any order; however, editing lines by ascending line numbers reduces file access time. 5.0 ERROR HANDLING When an error is detected, LINED types a message and returns the user to LINED command level (indicated by the output of an * on the Teletype). monitor. Some errors are fatal and cause control to return to the Error messages for LINED are given in Table 1. Table 1 LINED Error Messages Message Meani ng ?FILE NAME ALREADY IN USE The filename specified ina CREATE or S command ‘ already exists on disk. Type the S command with a correct filename, followed by ?PFILE NOT SPECIFIED . The user attempted to execute an editing command : without first naming the file to be edited. Using an S command, name the file to be edited. ?ILLEGAL COMMAND The user attempted to use a letter that is not a _ command. PINPUT FILE NOT FOUND ' Type the correct command letter. The file named in an EDIT or S command cannot be found on disk. Either place the file on disk, or create the file with the S command followed by ® . (continued on next page) Version 13A , 5 July 1972 LINED - 364 - Table 1 (Cont) LINED Error Messages Message Meaning ?LINE REFERENCED DOES NOT EXIST A line referenced ina P or D command does not exist in the file. Either retype the command with the correct line number, or insert the line. SYSTEM ERROR READING COMMAND FILE A system error occurred while LINED was trying to read the CCL command file generated by a CREATE or EDIT command. Try to create or select the file using the appropriate form of the S command. NOTE The following are internal system errors and cause control to return to the monitor. P?CANNOT ACCESS DISK LINED cannot access the disk. This message can only occur at the beginning of operations. the system manager. Notify ?CANNOT INIT TTY LINED cannot initialize the user's terminal. This message can only occur at program initialization. Notify the system manager. PERROR IN RENAME PROCESS INPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME An error occurred while LINED was renaming the output file. The input file should be renamed filnam.ext OUTPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME filnam .BAK and the output file should be renamed filnam.ext. 2ERROR IN RENAME PROCESS An error occurred while LINED was renaming the INPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME files. The input file should be renamed filnam.BAK and the output file should be renamed filnam.ext. #HFLIN . TMP ###TMP . TMP OUTPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME #HLIN . TMP ?PERROR IN RENAME PROCESS INPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME #HHTMP .TMP OUTPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME An error occurred while LINED was renaming the files. The input file should be renamed filnam.BAK . In the three messages above, ### is the user's job filnam.ext number and filnam.ext is the name of the file that he was editing. ?INPUT ERROR. INCOMPLETE OUTPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME ###LIN.TMP A system error occurred on input. The output file is incomplete; thus, the user must start- editing again with the backup file. ?NO CORE AVAILABLE FOR DATA SEGMENT There is no core available for LINED to do editing on the user's file. This message can occur only during program initialization. Notify the system manager . 20UTPUT ERROR. INCOMPLETE OUTPUT FILE CLOSED WITH NAME ###LIN.TMP Version 13A A system error occurred on output. The output file is incomplete; thus the user must start editing again with the backup file. July 1972 =365 - 6.0 LINED IMPLEMENTATION The following explanation is intended to help the user to understand how LINED works so that he may use it more effectively. Lines of text are stored in a 1000~word working buffer. Each line has a 1-word header containing two items. The left half contains the Vsequence number of the line, and the right half contains the number of words (including the word containing the line header) needed to store the line of text. Thus, to find the beginning of the next line of text, it is necessary to simply take the address of the current line header and qdd the word count of the current line. Several pointer words are used to keep track of the lines in the working buffer. sequence number of the highest line in the buffer. WRTLST contains the SN contains the sequence number of the line cur- rently being handled in a command. When LINED discovers that SN is greater than WRTLST, it knows that the line being sought has already passed through the working buffer. This line is not directly accessible, because there is no way to read a disk file backwards. Consequently, it is necessary for LINED to close the file and then reopen it. This process of going from the current position of the file to the end of the file, from there to the be- ginning of the file, and finally to the line being sought is qccomblished as follows: a. To close the file, all remaining text must be passed through the working buffer to the temporary output file (called ¥#¥LIN.TMP). This is done by giving the subroutine FNDLIN (which finds a line whose sequence number is SN) the highest possible sequence number - 99999. b. Next, the original file is renamed to ###TMP.TMP, the temporary output file is renamed to the original filename and the original file (F¥#TMP.TMP) is renamed to name .BAK (same name as original with an extension of BAK). c. 7.0 FNDLIN is then given the sequence number being sought, and LINED continues with the ~original command. . STANDARD FOR DECsystem=-10 LINE SEQUENCE NUMBERS ASCII data files containing line sequence numbers conform to the following rules. a. Each line must begin at a-word boundary. Lines are padded at the end with nulls to fill an integral number of words. b. c. ) Every line must have a line sequence number. The line sequence number consists of five ASCII characters contained in the first word of the line. ' d. Bit 35 of the line sequence number word is set to 1. “e. The line sequence number can contain only decimal digits. The characters preceding the first non-zero digit should be ASCII zeros. However, on input, leading spaces as well as leading zeros are accepted for compatibility with those data files that have leading $paces. Version 13A ' 7 July 1972 LINED ' f. - 366 - The first character after the line sequence number is always a tab except in files created by BASIC. All compilers except BASIC ignore the character after the line sequence number. The utility programs (editors and PIP) automatically cause a tab to follow the line sequence number when they are creating new line sequence numbers. However, for compatibility with BASIC, the utility programs do not force a tab after the line sequence number when they are merely transferring existing line sequence numbers from an input file to an output file, g. Version 13A Line blocking is optional. 8 July 1972
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