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Document:	TZ87 Series Cartridge Tape Subsystem Owner's Manual
Order Number:	EK-0TZ87-OM
Revision:	A01
Pages:	78
Original Filename:

OCR Text

TZ87 Series
Cartridge Tape Subsystem
Owner’s Manual
T
.

Order Number: EK-OTZ87-OM. A01

First Printing, September 1993
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1993.
All Rights Reserved.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.

Any changes or modifications made to this equipment may void the user’s authority to operate
this equipment.
The TZ87 shielded interconnect cable as supplied with the unit may not be substituted, nor
altered or modifiedin any way.

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which
can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged
to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected

Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: BASIC, CleaningTape III,
CompacTape, DECdirect, DECmailer, DECservice, DSSI, InfoServer, KFQSA, MicroVAX,
MicroVAX II, SERVICenter, TF, TK, TZ, ULTRIX, VAX, VAX 4000, VAX 6000, VAXserver,
VMS, and the DIGITAL logo.

This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version 2.1.

Contents
Preface . ... . .. ..

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.22
1.2.3
1.24

1.25
1.3

1.3.1

1.3.2
1.33

1.34
1.3.5
1.4

1.4.1
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2

1.5.3
1.6

1.6.1
1.6.2

1.7
1.7.1

InThisChapter . ............c.. ...
TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem .........................
TZ87 Description . ..............cititeeennnnnn
BasicComponents .................... ... ..........
VMS Support . ..........
Performance Consideration ..........................
TZ87 Front Panel . ... ...... ... ... ... ... . .. ... . .......
DataTape ......... ... . .
CompacTape III Descnptmn ..........................
Cartridge Packaging ...............................
Reading and WritingData ...................e

Write-ProtectingData ..............................
Comp
Il Diagram
acTa
. ............
pe.....cuuun....
Cartridge Compatibility .. ..............................

Comparison of Read/Write Ability .....................
Cleaning Tape . ............c.c.uuii
i,
CleaningTape IIl Deseription . . . ......................
Cartridge Packaging ...............................

Cartridge Expiration ...............................
Supplies . ....... ...,

Cartridges Provided . . ..o

HowToOrder. ........... ...,
Related Documents ...................................
For More Information ..............................

1-1

1-1
1-1
1-2
1-2
-

1-8
14
14

14
14
1-5

1-5
1-5
1-5

1-5
1-7
1-7
1-7

1-7
1-8

1-8
1-9

1-9
1-9

ii’

Tape Drive Operation
2.1
2.2

InThisChapter . ........ ... ... ... .. .
..
Before Youlnstall ......
...
......
... .. ... ... .......
..

2-1
2-1

2.2.1

Disabling Parity Checking . . .........................

2.22

Changingthe SCSIID .......
... ......
...iuiuuun...

2.2.3

Setting the TRM ENB/TRM PWR Jumpers ..............

2.2.4
2.25

Locating the SCSI and Power Connectors ...............
Selecting Density........
... ... ...
...
i ...

2-1

2-5

2-6
2-7

2-8

2.2.6
HowtoSelectDeqatyattheantPanelH,.‘“”.‘...”
2.26.1
Density Select Example .. ........................
227
Density SelectionRules . ............................
2.3
Overview of the Front Panel ............................
2.4
Description of Controls and Indicators . ... .................

2.4.1

242

2.4.3
244
2.5

2.5.1
2.5.2

2-13

UnloadButton . .......
...
.......
.. ... ............
.

Cartridge Insert/Release Handle ......................
Running Power-on Self-test ..........................
Description of the Tape Cartridge ........................
Cartridge Write-Protect Switch .......................
Data Protection ..........................e

Loadinga Cartridge . . . ............... ..
rnunnn..
TapeinUse .......... ... ..
0.

2.7

Using the Tape Cleaning Cartridge .......................
Unloadinga Cartridge . . ...............ciuiuruunnnn...

2.9

Beeper .. ... ...

2.6
2.6.1
2.8

2-8
2-8
2-9
2-1
2-12

Preserving Cartridges ................c0uuiiuenuuunnnn..

2-13
-~

2-13
2-13
2-17

2-17
2-18
2-19
2-21
2-22

2-22
2-25

Solving Problems
3.1
3.1.1

3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.34

InThis Chapter . .....

... .. ...
Introduction ... ...... .. .. .. ... . . . .. ..
...
Conten
....... ...
ts.
,
Common Errors . ............ 00t
Avoiding Basic Problems ......... ettt
ErrorInfluences . ..............
...,
.

Inspect
. . ...... ...
ions
...
...
Checking the Cartridge Leader .......................
Diagram of Cartridge Leader . . .. .....................
Checking the Drive Leader ..........................
Diagrams of Drive Leader ...........................

31
3~1

3-1
3~1
31
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3

34
34

A TZ87 Subsystem Specifications
A1

I‘I

]ylfila ® & & £ & & £ K & & H » % - # & &, % # & * * % ®

A.3

I o U; er

erartlcll ® & & &. £ # & £ 5 & & £ & & & *® = & & ® % & & % ¥ * ® ¥ % @ & * *® & & &

Ilsm thn & & L
:

& ® & L
F

® - * - L

®F # #® % & & & & - & * LI 4

& & & £ # = % & * # % ¢ s w % L4 ® % & ®

& & £ # &

€

&£

1 \

‘ ;

‘
’

Standard VMS Commands
B.1

B.1.1
B.1.2

B.2
B.2.1
B.2.2

B.2.3
B.2.4

B.2.5

B.2.6
B.2.7

B.2.8
B.2.9

e 0

Using the Subsystem Efficiently .........................
Introduction . .. ... ... ... ... . .. ... ..
...
Guidelines ...........
.. ... i,
Tape Commands. . ..............uuniiminennnnnnn..
|
Introduction . .. ........ ... .. . . ... ..
...
For More Information

B—1
B~1
B—1
B-1
B—1

.................
... ... .....

B-2

- Using the ALLOCATE Command . . ....................
Using the INITIALIZE Command .....................
Using the MOUNT Command ........................
Using the BACKUP Command .......................
Usingthe COPY Command ..........................
Using the DISMOUNT Command .....................
Using the DEALLOCATE Command ...................

B-2
B-2
B-3
B-3
B—4
B4
B4

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.1

Introduction . .......... .. ...

...

C—~1

C.2

Adding the TZ87 to the ULTRIX System ...................
Connecting the TZ87 to ULTRIX ......................
Checking the ULTRIX System Configuratmn File .........
Creatingan Entry ...........
... .. ... 0.,
Building the Kernel, Rebooting the System ..............
Creating Logical Device Names for the TZ87 Drive . . . ... ..
Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance ...............
Getting Maximum Storage Capacity and
Recommendations ......................
... ........
Maximizing Performance ... .........................
Selecting Density . . .......... ...
..
Using ULTRIX Tape Commands .........................
Usingthetar Command.............................
Using the dump Command ..........................
Using the restore Command ........... e
Usingthedd Command .............................
Using the ltf Command ........
... .......
... ... ....

C-1
C-1
Cc-2
c-2

c.2.1
c.22

Cc.23

C.24

C.25
C.3

C.3.1
C.3.2
C.4
C5

C.5.1
Cb5.2

C.5.3
C54
C.5.5

C-3
C-3
c+4
C-5
C-6

C~7
C-8
C-9
C-9
C-10
C-11
C-12

C.5.6

Using the mt Command ............
Using the cpio Command . . .....
.. e

C.5.7

C-12
e ..

C-13

Digital Services
D.1
D.1.1
D.1.2

Service Plans . ........... e e e

D.1.3

BASICSemce ........
DECservice Plan . ........ e
e
e -

Introduction . .............. e e e .
On-Site Service ............
.. ... ... . i
..

D.1.4
D.1.5

D-1
D-1
D—-1

D-1
D-1

Carry-In Service. . .............. e
e
DECmailer Service. .
............ e
et e
Per Call Service .......... e

D-2

1-1

Front Panel

1-2

CompacTape III Cartndge ,,,,, e

1-6

1-3

CleaningTape III Cartridge ............... e

1-8

2-2

D.1.6
D.1.7

D-2

Figures
........ e e e

2-1

TZ87 Drive Connectors

2-2

SCSI ID Connector Pins
.

e e ..

2-3

JumperPosmons“H...” ....... e et .

2-4

Jumper Settings for TRM PWR/TRM ENB Co:mector e

2-5

2-6

TZ87 Drive Rear Connectors .......... e e

2-6

TZ87 Indicators ................. e e

2-7

Tape Cartridge . . .. ... e e e

2-18

Cartridge Loading . . .... e e

2-20

2-8

...... e

2-9

Unloa
a Cartridge
ding
. ... ... e

Cartridge Leader ............. e

e e

2-7
2-12

2-24
e

3-2

Diagram of Drive Leader ...............

3-3

Correct and Incorrect Positions of the Drive Leader . ......

3-4

Tables
1-1

TZ87 VMS Restrictions ............
.. .. ... .. ........

1-3

2-1

Results of Density Selection. . ........................

2-10

2—2

Right Front Panel ............
... ... ... ... ... ......

2—-14

2-3

Left Front Panel

2-16

................
.. .. .00,

2—4

Before Loading the Cartridge . . . ... ...... .. ... ... .....

2-19

2-5

After Loading the Cartridge and Operating . .. ...........

2-19

2—6

Whatis Happening During Cartridge Use (Right Slde

2—7

When to Use the Cleaning Cartridge . . .................

Lights) . ...

2-21

C-1

Determining the Tape Name .........................

C-2

Maximum Capacity ...........ccuiiininnennn...

C-3

CommontarOptions
.. ............c.ciiiiiuiinnnnn..

C—4

Commondump Options ..............ciiiirnnenn..

C-10

C-5

Commonrestore Options ...........................

C-10

C-6

CommonddOptions. ...............

C-7

Common ItfOptions. .. ....... ... ... ... .. ...

C-11

...,

C-12

C-8

CommonmtOptions ............
...
iuiinneen..

C-13

C-9

CommoncpioOptions ..............
... ...

C-13

vii

Preface

Purpose
This manual introduces the TZ87 cartridge tape subsystems and describes the
operating procedures the owner or operator needs to be aware of. Also included
are suggestions for using the product in the OpenVMS and ULTRIX operating
system environments.

Intended Audience
This manual is intended for the TZ87 subsystem owner.

Chapter 1
"About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem" briefly describes the TZ87
cartridge tape subsystems. This chapter also describes the CompacTape III
and CleaningTape III cartridges, and lists supplies and related documents.

Chapter 2
"Tape Drive Operation” shows the indicators and controls on the TZ87
subsystem and explains their use. This chapter provides a step-by-step
explanation of how to operate and clean a TZ87 tape drive.

Chapter 3
"Solving Problems" explains how to identify and resolve problems with your
subsystem. This chapter provides symptoms and lists the most likely causes of
problems.

Appendix A
"TZ87 Subsystem Specifications” provides a specification listing for the TZ87.

Appendix B
"Standard VMS Commands" describes how to use standard VMS operating
system commands with your TZ87 cartridge tape subsystem for optimum
operating efficiency.

Appendix C
"Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System" describes how to add
the TZ87 subsystem to your ULTRIX operating system, how to get maximum
capacity and performance from the TZ87 subsystem, and using various

ULTRIX commands to save information on the TZ87 subsystem.

Appendix D
"Digital Services" lists the services Digital Equipment Corporation provides to
its customers.

1
About the TZ87 Cariridge Tape Subsystem
1.1 In This Chapter
This chapter gives an overview of the TZ87 cartridge tape subsystem.
Chapter 1 includes the following topics:
Topic

Page

TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
Data Tape
Cartridge Compatibility
Cleaning Tape
Supplies
Related Documents

1-1
14
1-5
1-7
1-8
1-9

1.2 TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.2.1

TZ87 Description
The TZ87 product is a streaming tape drive that can store up to 10.0 GB of
data, without compression, and 20 GB of data, with compression, assuming a
2:1 compression ratio on a CompacTape III cartridge.
The TZ87 series of cartridge tape subsystems are used primarily for data
backup, for data archiving, and for loading software onto computer systems.

The TZ87 comes embedded in a system enclosure or in a tabletop enclosure
with its own power supply. The TZ87 product uses the SCSI bus.

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1-1

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.2 TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1.2.2 Basic Components
The TZ87 subsystem consists of the TZ87 tape drive which has an integrated
SCSI controller module.
The TZ87 subsystem connects to the computer system through a SCSI bus
attached to the controller module, which is responsible for processing SCSI
commands and for initiating operations on the tape drive.
Depending on your host system configuration, the SCSI controller module
comes as one of the following two options:
This controller option. . .

For this SCSI cable. . .

Single-ended

6-meter (19-foot), maximum length, singleended cable (ANSI SCSI standard). This
maximum length includes cabling inside
cabinets and enclosures.

Differential

Longer differential SCSI cables with better

noise immunity, up to a maximum cumulative
length of 25 meters (81 feet).

1.2.3 VMS Support
The TZ87 is supported by various VMS versions with certain restrictions
(Table 1-1):

1-2

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.2 TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
Table 1-1
VMS

TZ87 VMS Restrictions

Version

Restrictions’

<5.3

5.3

1,2

54-1

1,2

5.4-2

1,2

5.4-3

5.5

5.5-1

5.5-2

IKEY
X = Not Sfigfi!"fied

1 = VMS SHOW DEVICE command indicates "generic SCSI tape" and ERROR LOGGING
indicates "GENERIC MK SUBSYSTEM." This has little impact on most applications.
2 = Writing Compactape III TK85 and TK86 media format is supported by the front panel, but
is not supported from the command line interface since operating system support of density
selection is not available.

1.2.4 Performance Consideration
The VMS backup performance rate achieved with your TZ87 subsystem can
depend on a number of considerations, including your system processor. For
example:

Connecting directly to an embedded bus adapter on such systems as the
VAXstation 4000-60, -90, MicroVAX 3100-30, -40, -80, DEC 3000-400, -500
and DEC 4000-6x0 provides optimum performance.

Connecting to a MicroVAX/VAXserver 3xxx (Q-bus) system with a KZQSA
adapter can reduce the rate of performance but does not limit the drive’s

high capacity of data storage.

Other factors that can determine the performance of the TZ87 subsystem
include: operating system configuration, backup user account configuration
tuning, the backup utility used, the options selected on the backup utility,

file system throughput, file fragmentation, block size, compression (on
/off), data type (if compression is enabled), the amount of CPU memory

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1-3

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.2 TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
available, and I/O channel bandwidth. See Appendices B and C for more

information on some of these considerations.

1.2.5 TZ87 Front Panel
Figure 1-1 shows the front panel of the TZ87 cartridge tape subsystem:

Front Panel

Figure 1-1

CARTRIDGE INSERT/RELEASE HANDLE (DOWN)
ZKO-1217-27-DG

1.3 Data Tape
1.3.1

CompacTape lll Description
The CompacTape III is a 4-1/8-inch square, dark gray, plastic cartridge
containing 1200 feet of 1/2-inch magnetic, metal particle (MP) tape.

1.3.2 Cartridge Packaging
Your CompacTape III is supplied with a:

1-4

Set of slide-in labels for cartridges

(Cartridge handling information sheet

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1.3 Data Tape

1.3.3 Readmg and Writing Data
The TZ87 tape drive writes 64 pairs of tracks—128 tracks total—on the
CompacTape III. The drive reads and writes data in a two-track parallel,

serpentine fashion, traveling the entire length of tape on two tracks (at about
110 inches per second). The drive then steps the head and reverses tape
direction and continues to read/write on the next two tracks.

1.3.4 Write-Protecting Data
The CompacTape III cartridge has a write-protect switch to prevent accidental
erasure of data (see Section 1.3.5). When the switch is moved to the left
and the small orange rectangle is visible, data cannot be written to the tape.
Beneath the orange rectangle is an arrow over two lines on the write-protect
switch. The arrow over the two lines symbolizes data cannot be written to the
tape.

On the right side of the write-protect switch is another symbol, an arrow over
one line. The symbol indicates if the write-protect switch is moved to the right,
data can be written to the tape.

1.3.5 CompacTape lil Diagram
Figure 1-2 shows the CompacTape III cartridge and its write-protect switch.

1.4 Cartridge Compatibility
1.4.1 Comparison of Read/Write Ability
The following table shows cartridge compatibility with the TZ87 tape drive:

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1-5

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.4 Cartridge Compatibility
Figure 1-2

CompacTape lll Cartridge

ORANGE
INDICATOR

WRITE-

PROTECT
SWITCH

PROTECTED
SHR_X1020C_89

1-6

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1.4 Cartridge Compatibility

Cartridge Type/Format (Capacity)

Read/Write Ability in the TZ87

CompacTape/TK50 (95 MBF)

Read only

CompacTape II/TK70 (296 MBF Mode)

Read only

CompacTape III/TK85 (2.6 GBF Mode)

Read/write in 85 Mode'

CompacTape III/TK86 (6.0 GBF Mode)

Read/write in 86 Mode'®

CompacTape III'TZ87 (10.0 GBF, 20.0 GBF

Read/write in 87 Mode’

assumes 2:1 compression)

CompacTape III/Blank

Read/write in 852, 86%, or 87 Mode,

as selected

1Recording format can be changed to that of 85, 86, or 87 mode on a write from BOT

2Read/write, backward compatible with drive of selected density

1.5 Cleaning Tape
1.5.1

CleaningTape Ill Description
The CleaningTape III is a 4-1/8-inch square, light yellow, plastic cartridge
containing 1200 feet of 1/2-inch cleaning tape. See Table 2-7 for information
on using the CleaningTape III.

1.5.2 Cartridge Packaging
Your CleaningTape III is supplied with a:

Slide-in label that has 20 boxes, each for marking a check after cartridge

(Cartridge handling information sheet

use (see Section 1.5.3)

1.5.3 Cartridge Expiration
You can use the CleaningTape III cartridge approximately 20 times before it
expires. The word expire does not pertain to an expiration date. Expire means
no unused cleaning area is left on the tape.

To record the number of uses, mark a check in one box on the cartridge label
after each cleaning. After the final use, discard the cleaning tape cartridge.
Figure 1-3 shows the CleaningTape III:

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1-7

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem
1.6 Supplies
Figure 1-3

CleaningTape Il Cartridge

SHR_X1020E_89

1.6 Supplies
1.6.1

Cartridges Provided
One CompacTape III cartridge and one CleaningTape III cartridge ship with
the TZ87 subsystem.

1-8

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1.6 Supplies

1.6.2 How To Order
You can order additional cartridges by contacting your Digital sales

representative or by calling Digital’'s DECdirect ordering service at
1-800-DIGITAL.
The following table lists cartridges with order numbers for the TZ87 subsystem:

Order Number

Description

‘g TK85-HC

CleaningTape III Cartridge.

m\K—m
P

CompacTape III Cartridge.

fiw
; TK85K-A0

CompacTape III data cartridge (quantity, 7)
CompacTape III data cartridge (quantity, 1008)

1.7 Related Documents
1.7.1

For More Information
The following documents provide more information on the TZ87 products and
how to best utilize their capabilities:
Order Number

Title

AA-Z407B-TE

VAX /VMS Backup Utility Reference Manual

AI-Y506B-TE

Guide to VAX [VMS Disk and Magnetic Tape Operations

AA-Z424A-TE

VAX /VMS Mount Utility Reference Manual

EK-OTZ87-OM

TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem Owner’s Manual

EK-OTZ87-RC

TZ87 Tape Drive Operator’s Reference Card

About the TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem

1-9

2
Tape Drive Operation
2.1 In This Chapter
Chapter 2 includes the following main topics and sections:

Topic

Section

Before You Install
Overview of the Front Panel

Section 2.2
Section 2.3

Description of Controls and Indicators
Description of the Tape Cartridge

Section 2.4
Section 2.5

Loading a Cartridge

Section 2.6
Section 2.7

Using the CleaningTape III

Unloading a Cartridge

Section 2.8

Preserving Cartridges

Section 2.9

2.2 Before You Install
You must perform the following procedures before you are ready to install the
|
TZ87 subsystem.

2.2.1

Disabling Parity Checking
If your host system does not generate SCSI Bus parity, you must disable parity
checking in the TZ87 subsystem by adding a jumper to the SCSI ID connector
on the left side of the TZ87 drive-controller board (Figure 2-1).

Tape Drive Operation

2-1

Tape Drive Operation

2.2 Before You Install
To disable parity:

Use Figure 2-1, Number @, to locate the SCSI ID connector on the drive.

Figure 2-1

TZ87 Drive Connectors

Front
Bezel

Left Side
ZKO-1217-17-RGS

@ TRM PWR/TRM ENB Connector
® SCSI ID Connector
©® Loader Connector

2~-2

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

Figure 2-2 shows what the pins on the SCSI ID connector represent.
Figure 2-2

SCSI ID Connector Pins

ZKO-1217-24-RGS

NOTE
A jumper must always be placed on the Remote ID Present position

(Figure 2—-2) for the host to recognize any ID selection on this connector.
The default ID is factory set at 5.

Place the jumper in the disable parity check position, as shown in Letter I,
Figure 2-3.

Tape Drive Operation

2-3

Tape Drive Operation

2.2 Before You Install
Figure 2-3

Jumper Positions

ZKO-1217-19-RGS

2-4

A.SCSIIDO

D.SCSIID 3

B.SCSIID 1

E. SCSIID 4

C.SCSIID 2

F.SCSIID 5

Tape Drive Operation

G. SCSI ID 6

H.SCSIID 7
I. Disable parity checking. The
jumper goes in this position
with any SCSI ID you choose.

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

2.2.2 Changing the SCSI ID
The drive is shipped with SCSI ID 5. You can change the SCSI ID by adding
jumpers to the drive’s SCSI connector (Figure 2-1).
To change the SCSI ID:

Use Figure 2-1, Number @, to locate the SCSI ID connector on the drive.

Choose a SCSI ID from O to 7.

Use Figure 2-1 to see where to place the jumpers for the ID you choose.
For example, if you chose SCSI ID 1, place the jumpers in the same
positions as those in Letter B.

Tape Drive Operation

2-5

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

2.2.3 Setting the TRM ENB/TRM PWR Jumpers

Note

The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus must be terminated
at both ends of the bus, and at least one device must supply terminator
power.

The TZ87 controller module has active terminators.You can configure the TZ87
drive to supply termination power and termination on the bus.
To supply terminator power and provide termination for the SCSI bus:

Use Figure 2-1, Number @, to locate the TRM PWR/TRM ENB connector
on the drive.

Place jumpers in the positions shown in Figure 2-4, Number ©.

Figure 2-4

Jumper Settings for TRM PWR/TRM ENB Connector

ZKO-1217-18-RGS

@ No Term Power/Disable

@ No Term Power/Enable

Active Termination

2-6

Tape Drive Operation

Active Termination

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

2.2.4 Locating the SCSI and Power Connectors

To install the TZ87 drive, note the location of the rear connectors (Figure 2-5).
Figure 2-5 TZ87 Drive Rear Connectors

Rear A

Rear
B

0000000000000 0C0O0000DO0O0000O0

0000000000000 000000000000
M

::::: :

- 1

—

;

ZKO-1217-16-RGS

@ SCSI Connector

® Power Connector
© Power Connector

(StorageWorks Option)

Tape Drive Operation

2-7

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

2.2.5 Selecting Density
This section describes the drive’s density select features.

CAUTION

If you reuse a prerecorded tape and write from beginning of tape (BOT),
all prerecorded data is lost. This includes density changes, since they
only occur when writing from BOT.

2.2.6 How to Select Density at the Front Panel
To select density with the TZ87:
1.

Insert the tape into the drive. The yellow Tape in Use indicator blinks
while the tape loads and calibrates.
After calibration completes, the yellow Tape in Use indicator remains lit.

Press the Density Select switch once to enter the density select mode. The
Density Override indicator and the indicator of the tape’s actual density
lights.

Press the Density Select switch again to toggle through the different
density options. Stop when you reach the selected density. The selected

density indicator blinks and the tape’s actual density indicator remains
steady.

After the tape is written to in the selected format, the selected density
indicator lights steadily, and the previous density indicator shuts off.
2.2.6.1

Density Select Example

If you have installed a tape with a brerecerded TKS85 density and you use

the density selection button to select TZ87 density, you should observe the
following:
The TK85 indicator remains lit, indicating that the density selection of the
current tape has not changed yet
The TZ87 indicator blinks, indicating that a density change is pending
The density override indicator is lit, indicating that a density selection has
been made from the front panel
When a write from BOT occurs, you will observe the following:

The TK85 indicator goes off,
2-8

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operatibn

2.2 Before You Install
The TZ87 indicator becomes steady
®

The density override indicator remains lit

2.2.7 Density Selection Rules
Density selection occurs according to the following rules:

READ WRITE APPEND
The density selected will reflect the density of the tape already in the drive.
WRITE from BOT

The density selected may occur via:

Use of the front panel Density Select button. Using the Density Select
button always overrides a selection.

Programmable host commands at the operating system.

However, if neither condition 1 or 2 exists, the density selected is the native
default, TZ87 mode, (compression enabled).
Caution

Regardless of the operating conditions, a write from BOT destroys
existing data on the tape.

Note

You can use the drive’s control panel at various times, not just after
loading a tape. Density selection will be inactive until a write command
is issued (at BOT). The controller remembers the density selection state

until you do one of the following:
*

Change the density selection.

Unload the tape.

Tape Drive Operation

2-9

Tape Drive Operation
2.2 Before You Install

Table 2-1

Results of Density Selection
Then. .

You did not use the
density select button

The indicators show the actual density when the tape is
reading and writing. The drive density indicators light

You used the density
select button, and if the
actual tape density is

The indicator for both the actual density and density
override indicators are lit. For example, if the actual tape

the same as the density

you selected
You used the density
select button, and if
the actual tape density
differs from the density
selected:

2-10

Tape Drive Operation

steadily and the density override indicator is off.

-density is TZ87 and the selected tape density is TZ87, then
the indicator next to TZ87 lights.

1. The density override indicator lights steadily.

2. The indicator next to the actual density lights steadily.

3. The indicator next to the requested density blinks.
For example if the actual tape density is TZ87 and the
selected density is TK86, the TZ87 indicator lights steadily,
the TK86 indicator blinks, and the density override
indicator remains steady. After writing begins, the TZ87
indicator turns off, the TK86 indicator lights steadily and
the density override indicator lights steadily.

Tape Drive Operation
2.3 Overview of the Front Panel

2.3 Overview of the Front Panel
The TZ87 has the following indicators and controls for operating the subsystem
(Figure 2-6):

indicators (Left Side of Drive)

Indicators (Right Side of Drive)

Density indicator(s) (TK50/70,
TKS85,TK86,0or TZ87)

Write Protected
Tape in Use

Use Cleaning Tape

Compression indicator

Operate Handle

Density Override indicator

Beeper (audible) not visible

Density Select button

Unload button

Figure 26 shows the TZ87 product front panel indicators and controls.

Tape Drive Operation

2-11

Tape Drive Operation
2.3 Overview of the Front Panel
Figure 2-6

TZ87 Indicators

0%,
<,
O
2
s

02G

YELLOW <

D )‘

Oe2)
\

]

8}
%

[

o2
Yo, % |\
N\

%,&, Y%

4?0
e

%) %,éa,ée
0, 4¢,4

—

oTM

—

85"?‘5';‘
8%

CARTRIDGE INSERT/RELEASE HANDLE (DOWN)
ZKO-1217-28-DG

2.4 Description of Controls and Indicators
Section 2.4 includes the following sections:

2-12

Topic

Section

Beeper

Section 2.4.1

Unload Button

Section 2.4.2

Cartridge Insert/Release Handle

Section 2.4.3

Running Power-on Self-test

Section 2.4.4

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.4 Description of Controls and Indicators

2.4.1

Beeper
A momentary beeper sounds when you can operate the cartridge insert/release

handle. When you hear the beep, the green light is on.

2.4.2 Unload Button
The Unload button rewinds the tape and unloads the tape from the drive back
into the cartridge. The tape must be completely rewound and unloaded into

the cartridge before you remove the cartridge from the drive. Depending on
tape position, an unload operation may take from 10 seconds to 2 minutes.
The unload button is used primarily when the user wants to unload the tape.
When the user pushes the unload button, the TZ87 flushes any buffered write
data to the media before beginning the unload sequence.
If the drive is in error state (all four front panel lights flashing), pushing the
unload button causes the drive to reset and unload the tape if possible.

2.4.3 Cartridge Insert/Release Handle
Operate the cartridge insert/release handle to load a cartridge or to eject
a cartridge only when the Operate Handle indicator is on, and after the
momentary beep sounds. The handle lifts to the open position and lowers
to the closed position. See Section 2.6 and Section 2.8 for the operating
procedures.

2.4.4 Running Power-on Self-test
When the subsystem is powered up, the drive performs the power-on self-test
(POST). The sequence of events is:
Stage

What Happens

The lights on the right front panel turn on sequentially, from top to bottom.
All lights stay on for a few seconds.

All lights on the left front panel turn on at the same time for about three
seconds and then turn off.

The green Operate Handle, the orange Write Protected, and the yellow Use
Cleaning Tape lights turn off. The yellow Tape in Use light blinks while the
tape drive initializes.

After initialization, the drive is in one of the following four states:

Tape Drive Operation

2-13

Tape Drive Operation

2.4 Description of Controls and Indicators
K...

Then...

a. No cartridge is
present

The yellow Tape in Use light turns off

The green Operate Handle light turns on

The handle is unlatched

The drive beeps momentarily

You can now raise the handle and insert a cartridge.
b. A cartridge is present
and the handle is down

The drive loads the cartridge. When the yellow Tape in
Use light stops blinking and stays on, the light of the
tape’s actual density lights. For example, if the actual tape
density is TK85, then the light turns on next to the TK85
label. When Density Override blinks, you can now select a
density. The drive is ready for use. (See Selecting Density
Section 2.2.5.)

c. A cartridge is present,
but the handle is up (not
recommended)

The yellow Tape in Use light turns off. The green Operate
Handle light flashes. When you lower the handle, the

d. The drive detects an
error condition

Then all right or left side lights blink repeatedly. You may
try to unload the tape and reinitialize the drive by pressing
the Unload button or turn drive power off and then on
again. The right or left side lights stop blinking and the
drive tries to reinitialize. The lights turn on steadily again

cartridge loads.

and go off if the test succeeds.

POST completes in about 13 seconds and the subsystem responds normally to
all commands. However, it might take longer for the media to become ready.

After a bus reset, the tape drive responds within a bus selection timeout

Use Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 to determine the drive’s operating condition:
Table 2-2

Right Front Panel

Label

Color

State

Write Protected

Orange

Tape in Use

Yellow

Blinking
On

Off

Operating Condition
.

Tape is write-protected.

Tape is write-enabled.

Tape is moving.
Tape is loaded; ready for use.
(continued on next page)

2-14

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.4 Description of Controls and Indicators

Table 2-2 (Cont.)

Right Front Panel

Label

Color

State

Operating Condition

Use Cleaning Tape

Yellow

Drive head needs cleaning, or the current

Remains on after you
unload the cleaning
tape

Cleaning tape attempted to clean the drive
head, but the tape expired, s0 cleaning
was not done.

After cleaning, turns

Problem data cartridge. Try another

on again when you
reload the data

cartridge.

data cartridge is bad (Section 2.7).

cartridge

Off

Cleaning is complete, or cleaning is
unnecessary.

Operate Handle

Green

Off

Okay to operate the cartridge/insert

release handle.

Do not operate the cartridge insert/release
handle.

All left side or right side

Power-on self-test is starting.

Blinking

An error has occurred. Press
the Unload

front panel indicators
button
or turn drive power off and then on

again to clear the error.

Tape Drive Operation

2-15

Tape Drive Operation

2.4 Description of Controls and Indicators

Table 2-3

Left Front Panel

Label

Color

State

Operating Condition

TK50/70

Yellow

Indicates tape is recorded in TK50 or

TK85

Yellow

Indicates tape is recorded in TK85 format.

Blinking

Indicates tape is recorded in another
density. You selected this density for a
write from BOT.

TK70 format.

TK86

Yelow

~ On
Blinking

Indicates tape is recorded in TK86 format.
Indicates tape is recorded in another
density. You selected this density for a
write from BOT.

TZ87

Yellow

On (default)

Indicates tape is recorded in TZ87 format.

Blinking

Indicates tape is recorded in another
density. You selected this density for a
write from BOT.
Compression mode enabled. (Compression
can be done in TZ87 density only.)

Compress

Yellow

Off

Compression mode disabled.

Density Override

Yellow

A density selection has been set from the
drive’s front panel.

Off (default)

Density selection is under host control or
automatic.

Blinking

2-16

Tape Drive Operation

You are in density selection mode

Tape Drive Operation
2.5 Description of the Tape Cartridge

2.5 Description of the Tape Cartridge
The tape cartridge is a 4-1/8 inch, gray, plastic cartridge containing 1200 feet
of 1/2 inch magnetic metal particle tape.
The medium is a half-inch cartridge or ANSI-compatible equivalent. It is
written and read using the interchange format as proposed in the applicable
pending ANSI X3B5 project.

2.5.1

Cartridge Write-Protect Switch
" The tape cartridge has a write-protect switch to prevent accidental erasure

of data. Before loading the tape cartridge into the drive, position the writeprotect switch on the front of the cartridge (Figure 2-7). The switch can move
to the:
*

Left, so the cartridge is write-protected

Right, so the cartridge is write-enabled

When you slide the switch to the left, the small orange rectangle is visible.
This means data cannot be written to the tape. The arrow (beneath the orange
rectangle and over the two lines on the write-protect switch) lets you know
that data cannot be written to the tape.
On the right side of the write-protect switch is another symbol: an arrow over
one line. This symbol indicates that if you slide the write-protect switch to the
right, data can be written to the tape.

Figure 2-7 shows the write-protect switch on the tape cartridge:

Tape Drive Operation

2-17

Tape Drive Operation
2.5 Description of the Tape Cartridge
Figure 2-7

Tape Cartridge

ORANGE
INDICATOR

WRITEPROTECT

SWITCH

WRITE-

ENABLED

PROTECTED
SHR_X1020C_89

2.5.2 Data Protection
If you move the cartridge write-protect switch to the left, the drive turns on the
write protect LED immediately. However, if the drive is writing to the tape,
the write protect does not take effect until the write is completed.

Table 2—4 describes what happens to data protection when you move the
write-protect switch before loading the cartridge:

2-18

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.5 Description of the Tape Cartridge

Table 2-4

Before Loading the Cartridge

if you move the write-protect switch. . .

Then. . .

To the left, the tape is write-protected, with the orange
indicator showing

You cannot write data to
the tape.

To the right, the tape is write-enabled

You can write data to the
tape (if it is not software
write-protected).

Table 2-5 describes what happens to data protection when you move the
write-protect switch during operation:
Table 2-5 After Loading the Cartridge and Operating
if you move the write-protect switch. . .

Then. . .

From the write-protected position to the write-enabled
position

The tape becomes writeenabled after a variable

From the write-enabled position to the write-protected
position

The tape becomes writeprotected after a variable

amount of time (on order
of seconds).

2.6 Loading a Cartridge
The directions for loading a cartridge into and unloading a cartridge from the
drive are printed on the front of the drive.
The following are more detailed steps for loading a cartridge (Figure 2-8):

When the green light is on steadily, pull the cartridge insert/release handle
open.

Insert the cartridge.

Push the cartridge into the drive.
Push the handle closed.

The green light turns off and the yellow light blinks to show the tape is
loading. When the tape is at the beginning-of-tape (BOT) marker, the yellow
light turns on steadily. The tape is now ready for use.

Tape Drive Operation

2-19

Tape Drive Operation
2.6 Loading a Cartridge
Figure 2-8 shows how to load a cartridge into the drive:
Figure 2-8

Cartridge Loading

ZKO-1217-10-DG

2-20

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.6 Loadlng a Cartridge

2.6.1

Tape in Use
Whenever the yellow Tape in Use light is on steadily, the tape is ready to use.
When the tape is being read, written, or rewound, the yellow Tape in Use light

Use Table 2-6 to determine what is happening during cartridge use:

Table 2-6 What is Happening During Cartridge Use (Right Side Lights)
The yellow Tape in Use
light is on steadily

A cartridge is loaded, but the tape is not moving. This condition can mean that no application is communicating with

The yellow Tape in Use

A read or write is in progress.

The yellow Tape in Use

The tape is loading, unloading, or rewinding.

The green Operate Handle

The tape is unloaded.

All four lights blink

An error has occurred during operation.

light blinks irregularly
light blinks regularly

light turns on and the
beeper sounds

the controller, or that the application is communicating
but is not delivering commands for tape motion.

Tape Drive Operation

2-21

Tape Drive Operation
2.7 Using the Tape Cleaning Cartridge

2.7 Using the Tape Cleaning Cartridge
Use Table 2-7 to determine when to use the cleaning cartridge.
Table 2—-7

When to Use the Cleaning Cartridge

K...

It means...

1. The Use Cleaning
Tape indicator turns on

The drive head needs
cleaning or the tape is

(Figure 2-6)

And you should...

bad (see item 3 in table).

Use the cleaning cartridge.

Follow the instructions in
Section 2.6 for loading a

cartridge into the drive. When
cleaning is complete, the beeper
sounds for you to remove the
2. A particular cartridge
causes the Use Cleaning

Back up this data on another
cartridge, and then discard the
old cartridge. A damaged cartridge may cause unnecessary
use of the cleaning cartridge.

Tape indicator to turn
on frequently
3. The Use Cleaning

Tape indicator turns on
after you clean the drive
head and reload your
data cartridge
4. The Use Cleaning
Tape indicator is on
after you load the
cleaning cartridge

Your data cartridge may

Try another data cartridge.

Cleaning has not been
done and the cartridge
is expired

Replace the cleaning cartridge.

be causing the problem

NOTE
The cleaning cartridge expires after approximately 20 uses.

2.8 Unloading a Cartridge
To unload a cartridge from the drive (Figure 2-9):

2-22

Press the Unload button (or issue the appropriate system software
command). The yellow Tape in Use indicator blinks as the tape rewinds.

When the green light turns on (the beeper also sounds), pull the cartridge
insert/release handle open to eject the cartridge.

Remove the cartridge.

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.8 Unloading a Cartridge
4.

Push the handle closed.
CAUTIONS

Remove a cartridge from the drive before turning off host system
power. Failure to remove a cartridge can result in cartridge and drive
damage.

When you remove the cartridge from the drive, return the cartridge to
its plastic case to prolong the cartridge life.

Tape Drive Operation

2-23

Tape Drive Operation
2.8 Unloading a Cartridge
Figure 2-9

Unloading a Cartridge

ZKO-1217-08-DG

2~24

Tape Drive Operation

Tape Drive Operation
2.9 Preserving Cartridges

2.9 Preserving Cartridges
For longer life of recorded or unrecorded cartridges, store cartridgesin a clean
environment with the following conditions:
®

Do not drop or bang the cartridge. Doing so can displace the tape leader,
making the cartridge unusable and possibly damaging the drive.
Keep tape cartridges out of direct sunlight and away from heaters and
other heat sources.

Store tape cartridges in temperatures between 10°C and 40°C (50°F to
104°F). For longer cartridge life, always store the cartridge in its plastic
container and in room environment conditions of 72°F = 7°F (22°C = 4°C).

If the tape cartridge has been exposed to heat or cold extremes, stabilize
the wrtndge at room temperature for the same amount of time it was
Do not place cartridges near electromagnetic interference sources, such
as terminals, motors, video, or X-ray equipment. Data on the tape can be
altered.

Store tape cartridges in a dust-free environment where the relative
humidity is between 20% and 80%. For longer cartridge life, store the
cartridge at 40% = 20% relative humidity.
Place an identification label only in the slide-in slot on the front of the
cartridge.

Do not adhere labels to the cartridge anywhere except in the slide-in slot.

Tape Drive Operation

2-25

3
Solving Problems
3.1 In This Chapter
3.1.1

Introduction
This chapter describes what to do if you have drive or tape problems.

ontents

3:;1 ,2 c

e following topics:

Chapter 3 describes th

Topic

Common Errors
Inspections

Page
31
3-3

3.2 Common Errors
3.2.1 Avoiding Basic Problems
You can avoid some errors by following these guidelines:
¢

Use the correct cartridge type. See Chapter 1.

Care for your cartridges according to the guidelines in Chapter 2.

Make sure the cartridge leader and the drive leader are in their correct
positions. See Section 3.3 in this chapter.

Unload the cartridge before powering down the system.

Solving Problems

3-1

Solving Problems
3.2 Common Errors

3.2.2 Error Influences
If an error does occur during subsystem operation, you may be able to correct

the error yourself. Factors influencing errors include:
e

Defective media

®*

Dirty drive head

Operator or user errors

Incorrect backup commands

Use the following table to interpret error symptoms, determine their causes,
and take corrective action:
Symptom

Probable Cause

Possible Correction

Failure to mount or read

Bad cartridge

Retry with another cartridge.

cartridge

Dirty drive head

Use CleaningTape III.

VMS INITIALIZE command
fails with parity error

Tape calibration failed

Use the CleaningTapelll, or try
another cartridge.

Green light is on and tape
does not move (yellow light
stays on, does not blink)

Cartridge load error

Inspect the cartridge for a
mispositioned leader (see
Section 3.3.2 in this chapter).
Replace the cartridge if its leader is
mispositioned.

/write with new or used

Inspect the drive for a damaged,
misplaced, or unhooked leader (see
Section 3.3.4 in this chapter). Call
Digital Services if the drive leader
is not in the correct location.
All right- or left-side lights
are blinking

3-2

Solving Problems

Drive failed self-test or
detected a hard error
during operation

Try to clear the error by pressing
the Unload button or turn power off
and then on again. If the error does
not clear (the tape does not rewind
and unload and the lights blink),
you have a hardware failure. Call
Digital Services.

Solving Problems
3.3 Inspections

3.3 Inspections
3.3.1 Checking the Cartridge Leader
Before you use a tape cartridge, be sure the tape leader is in the same position
as the one in Section 3.3.2. Lift the door lock with your thumb and open the
small door to expose the leader.

CAUTIONS

Do not touch the exposed magnetic tape.

If the tape leader is not in the correct position, do not try to fix it. Use
another cartridge instead.

3.3.2 Diagram of Cartridge Leader
Figure 3—1 shows the correct position of the cartridge leader:
Figure 3-1

CARTRIDGE
LEADER

Cartridge Leader

DOOR LOCK

(RELEASE BY LIFTING
DOOR LOCK WITH THUMB)
SHR-0002-86

SHR_X1027_89_CPG

Solving Problems

3-3

Solving Problems
3.3 Inspections

3.3.3 Checking the Drive Leader
To examine the drive takeup leader, tilt the cartridge receiver door on the
front of the drive. Look inside to see that the drive leader is connected
to the buckling linkhook. The hook should be engaged in the leader slot
(Section 3.3.4).

If the leader is unhooked, misplaced, or damaged, call Digital Services. Do not

try to fix the leader.

3.3.4 Diagrams of Drive Leader
Figure 3-2 shows the location of the leader inside the drive:
Figure 3-2 Diagram of Drive Leader
BUCKLING

NOTCH IN

LINK HOOK

0‘

.,S\

W’

%b'

20°

J;..

0
ffi“»
©
0
Yy

L/IM

o,
%

4,
4

6’@

& oO

)

o' o
R
A Y ‘ RN \:;‘-

TAKEUP LEADER NOSE

)i ]

TAKEUP LEADER

MUY

hY
kY

\\‘

o’

CARTRIDGE INSERT/RELEASE HANDLE (DOWN)
2K0-1217-19-DG

3-4

Solving Problems

Solving Problems
3.3 Inspections

Figure 3-3 shows the correct and incorrect locations of the drive leader:
Figure 3-3 Correct and Incorrect Positions of the Drive Leader

ACCEPTABLE

CORRECT

LOCATION
TAKEUP
LEADER

OF TAKEUP
LEADER NOSE

IN FRONT
OF LINK

NOT ACCEPTABLE
BUCKLING

LEADER

UNHOOKED

TAKEUP

LEADER
NOTCH

TAKEUP

LEADER NOSE
DISPLACED
ABOVE
LINK
ZKO-1217-31-DG

Solving Problems

3-5

A
TZ87 Subsystem Specifications
A.1 Mode of Operation
When the TZ87 subsystem operates in noncompressed mode it has a maximum
transfer rate of 1.25 Mbytes/s. In compressed mode the maximum transfer rate
is 2.5 Mbytes/s write and 3 Mbytes/s read.

A.2 Media
The specified media for the TZ87 subsystem is 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) unformatted
magnetic tape with the following characteristics:

Track density = 0.003 inches per track
Bit density = 62,500 bits/in
®

Number of tracks = 128

Tape speed = 110 in/s read/write, 150 in/s rewind/spacing
Track format = Two-track parallel, serpentine recording
Cartridge capacity = up to 10 GB (uncompressed), 20 GB (compressed),
assuming a 2:1 compression ratio

A.3 Power Consumption
The TZ87 subsystem consumes 22.1 W maximum, peak power (start/stop) 32
W. It has the following power requirements:
12 V operating (write/read) 0.8 A, maximum (start/stop) 1.5 A

+5 V operating (write/read) 2.5 A, maximum (start/stop) 2.8 A

TZ87 Subsystem Specifications

TZ87 Subsystem Specifications
A.4 Transfer Rates

A.4 Transfer Rates
The following transfer rates apply to this product.

Transfer rate raw native = 1.72 Megabytes/second
Transfer rate user native = 1.25 Megabytes

Transfer rate compressed* = 2.50 Megabytes/second maximum write; 3.00
Megabytes/second maximum read

*Compression ratio is data dependent

A-2

TZ87 Subsystem Specifications

Standard VMS Commands

8.1 Using the Subsystem Efficiently
B.1.1

Introduction
This section identifies guidelines you should follow to use the TZ87 subsystem
effectively with your host application. To maximize the subsystem’s efficiency,
you must use certain qualifiers with the MOUNT and BACKUP commands.
This appendix describes those qualifiers and their appropriate values.

B.1.2 Guidelines
For efficient operation of the TZ87 subsystem:

®*

Choose a large blocksize when mounting a tape; 65534 is recommended.

Use the MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION to enable data compaction,
unless the files being written to tape contain data that has already been
compressed (for example, by using a software utility).

®*

Do not use the COPY command to save more than 9999 files onto the tape.

B.2 Tape Commands
B.2.1

Introduction
The TZ87 cartridge tape subsystem uses the standard magnetic tape commands
that can be invoked under VMS operating system, version 5.4-2 or later. This
section discusses the following VMS commands used to operate the TZ87.

Standard VMS Commands

B-1

Standard VMS Commands
B.2 Tape Commands

For this command. . .

See page. . .

ALLOCATE
INITIALIZE
MOUNT
BACKUP
COPY
DISMOUNT
DEALLOCATE

B-2
B-2
B-3
B-3
B4
B4
B4

B.2.2 For More Information

This appendix is a reference only; it does not include all the details that may

be involved in using VMS commands.

For more information about VMS commands and command files, see the
VAX/VMS Guide to Using Command Procedures (AA-H782B-TE), VAX/VMS
Command Language User’s Guide (AA~-DO23C-TE), or the VMS System

Manager’s Guide.

B.2.3 Using the ALLOCATE Command
The ALLOCATE command provides exclusive access to a device and optionally
establishes a logical name for that device. Once you have allocated a device,
other users cannot access that device until you explicitly DEALLOCATE it, or
until you log out. Use the following format to allocate the TZ87 subsystem:
$ ALLOCATE device name:

[logical name]

For example, to allocate the TZ87 subsystem for your use and assign it to the

logical name TAPE1, do the following:
$ ALLOCATE MIAQ: TAPEL

B.2.4 Using the INITIALIZE Command
CAUTION

Be sure to use a scratch tape before initializing; otherwise, any data on
the tape will be destroyed.

Use the INITIALIZE command to specify the device name, and write a volume
name to the magnetic tape volume loaded into the TK87 tape drive. The tape
must be write-enabled for the initializing operation. Use the following format:
$ INITIALIZE/MEDIAFORMAT=COMPACTION device_name:
[volume label]

B-2

Standard VMS Commands

Standard VMS Commands
B.2 Tape Commands

As an example, to initialize the device TAPEI and assign the volume name
GMBO001, type the following:
§ IHITIALIZE/MEDIA_EORMAT=COMPACTION MIAQ: GMBOO1

For the initialization to succeed, the cartridge must not have been mounted

(with the MOUNT command).

For detailed information regarding volume names and magnetic tape
operations, see the Guide to VAX/VMS Disk and Magnetic Tape Operations

(AA-M539A-TE).

B.2.5 Using the MOUNT Command
The MOUNT command lets you make a magnetic tape volume available for
processing. It loads the tape with the protection set according to the writeprotect switch on the cartridge. It can determine the maximum block size.

Use the following format to mount a tape on the TZ87 subsystem for use with
the BACKUP utility:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/CACHE=TAPE DATA/BLOCKSIZE=65534/MEDIA FORMAT=COMPACTION

device name:

[volume label]

[logical name]

As an example, to make TAPE] available for processing, type the following:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/CACHE=TAPE DATA/BLOCKSIZE=65534/MEDIA FORMAT=COMPACTION

MIARO: GMBOO1 TAPEl

The screen displays a message:
$MOUNT~-I~-MOUNTED, GMB00l mounted on MIAQ:

You must use the /[FOREIGN qualifier when you are performing BACKUP

commands. Do not use it when you are performing COPY commands.

B.2.6 Using the BACKUP Command

The BACKUP command provides protection against file volume corruption by
creating backup copies.
The following is an example of using BACKUP to save files onto the tape.
$ BACKUP/BLOCKSIZE=65534/MEDIA FORMAT=COMPACTION source:*.* tape:file.name

You can also back up lists of files and entire volumes.
See your system manuals before deciding on qualifiers for use with the
BACKUP command. For detailed information about BACKUP and other
VMS tape commands, see the VAX/VMS Backup Utility Reference Manual

Standard VMS Commands

B-3

'Standard VMS Commands
B.2 Tape Commands

B.2.7 Using the COPY Command
Use the COPY command, with the TZ87 subsystem, to copy files from tape.
In the following example, the MOUNT command requests that the volume
labeled GMB0O1 be mounted on the drive at MIAQ and assigns the logical
name TAPEI.

The COPY command uses the logical name TAPE]I for the input file
specification. All files on MIAQ are copied to the current default disk and
directory. The files keep their original file names and file types.

$ MOUNT/BLOCKSIZE=65534 /!&DIA__FORMAT=CDI@ACTION/ CACHE=TAPE DATA

$ COPY TAPEl:*
* * *

MIAQ: GMB0Ol TAPEl:

Note

Using the COPY command to move multiple files may not achieve
optimum performance. Check with your system manager for more
information.

B.2.8 Using the DISMOUNT Command
The DISMOUNT command cancels the previous MOUNT command, makes
the unit unavailable for processing, and unloads the tape:

$ DISMOUNT logical name or device name:
B.2.9 Using the DEALLOCATE Command
The DEALLOCATE command cancels the previous ALLOCATE command and
makes the unit available for other users. The following is an example of the
command:

$ DEALLOCATE MIAQ: or TAPEl

B-4

Standard VMS Commands

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating
'
System
- C.1 Introduction
This appendix is intended for those using the TZ87 tape with the ULTRIX
operating system.
This appendix includes:

Adding the TZ87 drive to your ULTRIX system

Tips on getting maximum capacity and performance

Using the TZ87 drive for unattended backups

Using various ULTRIX commands to save information on the TZ87 drive

C.2 Adding the TZ87 to the ULTRIX System
Before connecting the TZ87 drive to the SCSI bus:

1.
2.

Locate the SCSI ID switches at the rear of the TZ87 drive.
Ensure the SCSI ID (target ID) number for the TZ87 is unique. The

recommended ID is 5. Use SCSI ID 5 only if no other device on the bus has

SCSI ID 5.
3.

C.2.1

Ensure all other devices on the SCSI bus have unique SCSI IDs.

Connecting the TZ87 to ULTRIX
To connect the TZ87 drive to the ULTRIX system:

Physically connect the TZ87 cable(s) to the ULTRIX system.

Ensure an entry for the TZ87 drive is specified in the ULTRIX system
configuration file. If you have to modify your configuration file by adding
an entry, then you must build a new kernel and reboot the system. This is
explained in Section‘C.2.3 and Section C.2. 4.

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-—1

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.2 Adding the TZ87 to the ULTRIX System
3.

Create logical device names for your TZ87 drive, explained in Section C.2.5.

C.2.2 Checking the ULTRIX System Configuration File
Locate the ULTRIX system’s configuration file. It should be in the
fasr/sys/conf directory under the mips or VAX system subdirectory.
The configuration file name is the same as the system name and must contain
an entry for the TZ87 drive.

i...

Then...

An entry does not exist,

You need to create an entry in the
configuration file.

An entry already exists,

You do not need to change the configuration

file.

C.2.3 Creating an Entry
An entry has the following format:
tape name at controller device#

An example entry for Bus 0, SCSI ID 5:
tape tz5 at siiQ drive 5

To create an entry in the configuration file:
1.

Refer to Table C-1 to determine the name according to your SCSI target ID

and your bus number. Usually, users have one bus, Bus 0. Find the name,
listed under the Bus 0 or Bus 1 columns.
For example: the name for SCSI Target ID 5, Bus 0 is tz5.

Table C~1

Determining the Tape Name

SCSI Target ID

Bus 0

Bus 1

tz0

tz8

tzl

tz9

tz2

+ tz10

tz3

tz11

(éantinued on next page)

C-2

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.2 Adding the TZ87 to the ULTRIX System
Table C-1 (Cont.)

Determining the Tape Name

SCSI Target ID

Bus 0

Bus 1

tz4

tz12

tz5

tz13

tz6

tz14

tz7

tz15

Determine the name of the controller to which the TZ87 drive is connected.

Include the word tape, name, controller, and the device# in the entry.

C.2.4 Building the Kernel, Rebooting the System
If you added an entry to your configuration file, you must rebuild the kernel
and reboot the system. Be sure to save the original kernel before rebooting the
system.

For example:

$ /etc/doconfig

$ mv /vmunix /vmunix.old
$ mv new _kernel name /vmunix

$ /etc/shutdown -r now

(this creates a new kernel)

(save the old kernel)
(move the new kernel to the root directory)

(reboot the system)

C.2.5 Creating Logical Device Names for the TZ87 Drive
Use the MAKEDEV command located in the /dev directory to create logical
device names.
For example:
$ cd /dev

$ MAKEDEV tz5

Leads to some or all of the following logical device names:
/dev/nrmt0l
/dev/nrmtOh
/dev/rmt0]
/dev/rmtOh
/dev/rmtOm
/dev/nrmtOm
/dev/rmt0Qa
/dev/nrmt0Oa
*

mt (in the middle ofthe logical name) means magnetic tape device.

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-3

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.2 Adding the TZ87 to the ULTRIX System

nr means no rewind when the utility cémpletes, Use the no rewind option

when more than one operation is being performed to the same tape.

r means rewind when the utility completes.

(O is the logical unit number.

h means high density (TZ87 density; compression enabled; ref. Section
C.A4).

m means medium density (TZ87 density; compression disabled; ref. Section
C.4).
|

[ means low density (TZ86 density; ref. Section C.4).

a means auxiliary density (TZ85 density; ref. Section C.4).
NOTE

Since the TZ87 is a high density tape drive, be sure to use the logical
device names including &. The only exception is if modifications are
made to allow selection of TK85 density for writing via the low density
device entry (Section C.4).

C.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance
The TZ87 drive stores data at different capacities, depending on the drive
format in which the TZ87 drive is writing. Use Table C-2 to see the capacity
with each drive format.

Table C-2

Maximum Capacity

Drive Format

Data Amount Per Cartridge

TZ87, no compression

More than 10.0 GBF

TZ87, with compression

About 20.0 GBF, depending on the data

TZ86

6.0 GBF

TZ85

2.6 GBF

The TZ87 runs at maximum peak streaming rates of 1.25 MB/s in non-

compression mode, 2.5 MB/s (write, depending on compression ratio and
data) and 3.0 MB/s (read, depending on decompression ratio and data) in
compression mode.

C—4

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance
This section explains how to maximize the functions of the TZ87 drive.

C.3.1

Getting Maximum Storage Capacity and Recommendations
The block size does not have much effect on capacity when the TZ87 drive
is writing in TZ87 format, but a large (at least 16K bytes) block size is

recommended for more efficient operation of the device, host, and I/O channel.
To get maximum storage capacity when writing in TK85 or TK86 format:
Use block sizes that are integral multiples of 4096 bytes, such as 4k, 8k, 12k,
16k, and so forth. It is recommended you use larger block sizes of 16k, 24k,
or 32k when writing in TK85 or TK86 format. These larger block sizes:
¢

Allow more efficient data processing by the host and on the SCSI bus

Maximize capacity

Some utilities and commands default to using block sizes that cause lower
capacity and I/O rates. For example:
If you use...

Then you can fit ...

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TK85 format (this is
the dd command’s default)

About 320 MB of data on the tape

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TK86 format

About 750 MB of data on the tape

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TZ87 format

About 10 GB (no compression) and 20 GB (with
compression) of data on the tape

The recommended block sizes

2.6 GB for TK85 format

6.0 GB for TK86 format

10.0 GB (no compression) for TZ87 format (not
much effect)

Most utilities used for tape I/O let you select the block size through command
line switches.
Note

If you are not using ULTRIX V4.2a or later, with the latest Common

Access Method (CAM) software kit installed, you have a tape file length
limit of 2.1 GB.
:

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-8§

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance

With striping or disk array techniques or when running the tar
command to back up multiple file systems, you need to note the 2.1
GB limit. Plan backups so that a tar or dump set does not exceed the
2.1 GB limit. However, you can store multiple save sets on the same
cartridge.

C.3.2 Maximizing Performance
To handle bursts of data, the TZ87 drive has about 2 MB of cache memory.
This minimizes repositioning and keeps I/O rates as high as the host can
handle.

The TZ87 runs at maximum peak streaming rates of 1.25 MB/s in noncompression mode, 2.5 MB/s (write, depending on compression ratio and
data) and 3.0 MB/s (read, depending on decompression ratio and data) in
compression mode.

If a non-optimal block size is used, the possible average I/O rate is limited.
When writing TK85 or TK86 format, the recommended block sizes are: 16k,
24k, or 32k. You can use larger block sizes of 36k, 40k, and so forth, but a
performance increase is unlikely.

Other factors that can limit performance:

C-6

Data fragmentation on disks

Oversubscribing the I/O channel bandwidth

Processing speed and host CPU loads

Memory size and availability

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.4 Selecting Density

C.4 Selecting Density
You can select write density from the OCP panel of the TZ87 or from the

ULTRIX host if the CAM software is installed and supports the TZ87 drive. If
the CAM software is installed, but does not support the TZ87 drive, you can
change the CAM software to support the drive by changing the:

/usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to recognize the TZ87

/usr/sys/h/devio.h file to define the TZ87
NOTE

Recent releases of ULTRIX (v. 4.3) support the TZ87. If you have

recent releases that support the TZ87, do not make the following

changes.

Only experienced programmers should change the cam_data.c and the devio.h
files. You must rebuild the kernel to add the changes. (See the configuration
guidelines earlier in this appendix. Check the CAM software documentation
for information about adding new devices.)
To allow density selection from the host, follow these steps:
1.

Edit the /usr/sys/h/devio.h file to define the device name. Ensure that a
copy of the original is preserved and can be restored if necessary.

Search for DEV_Tz85.

Make a copy of the definitions for DEV_T285

In the copy, change DEV_TZ85 to DEV_TZ87

Edit the /usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to define a density table for the TZ87
using the existing TZ85 density table as a template. Ensure that a copy of

the originalis preserved and can be restored if necessary.
a.

Search for tz85 dens.

Make a copy of the tz85_dens table.

In the copy, change TZ85 references to TZ87.

In the copy, in the lines ending with | DENSBUFVALID, , add
| DENS_COMPRESSVALID before the comma. Thisresultsin these lines
endingwith | DENS_BUF_VALID | DENS_COMPRESS VALID,
.

In the copy, change the density code to 0x18 in the rmtxl entry.

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C~7

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C.4 Selecting Density
f.

In the copy, change the density code to 0x19 in the rmtxm entry.

In the copy, leave the density code in the rmtxa alone.

In the copy, change the density code to 0x19 in the rmtxh entry, and on
the same line, change the compression code (labeled as such in the line
above) from NULL to 0x01.

In the copy, change all other density codes to 0x19.

This process allows device:
®

rmtxh entries to select TZ87 density with compression enabled
rmitxm entries to select TZ87 density with compression disabled
rmtx] entries to select TK86 density

rmtxa entries to select TK85 density

Further edit the /usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to use the TZ87 device name
and density table that have just been defined to create a device description
table for the TZ87.
a.

Search further in the cam_data.c file for the next occurrence of "TZ85".

Make a copy of the TZ85 device descriptor table.

In the copy, change TZ85 references to TZ87.

In the copy, change &tz85_dens to &tz87_dens.

This should locate the TZ85 device descriptor table.

Save the current kernel (/ymunix).

Build a new kernel. (This incorporates the changes made to the devio.h
and cam_data.c files.)

Reboot the system with the new kernel.

C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

This section describes ULTRIX commands used to operate the TZ87 drive.
The TZ87 drive uses standard magnetic tape commands to do backup and
restore operations. The tar and dump/restore commands are used most
often.

C-8 Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
|
C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

C.5.1

Using the tar Command
The tar command, which operates on files and directories, writes and reads
tapes. The tar utility uses the specified block size or defaults to 10k byte block
sizes. The default block size results in a 16% decrease of maximum capacity

and I/O rates if using TK85 or TK86 densities.

Table C—3 lists the options you can use with the tar command.
Table C-3

Common tar Options

Option

Meaning
Block size in bytes (n)
Block size in kilobytes (nk)
nb = n x 512 bytes in a block

Create tape, writes from beginning
—Tape device argument to follow

Append to the end of the tape

Backup all new or modified files from last backup

Table of contents of tape
Verbose

Extract from tape (read)

The following examples show command lines with the tar command to:
*

Write a file to tape:
$ tar -cf /dev/rmtOh

filename

=b 64k

Read a file from tape to your current directory:
$ tar -fx /dev/rmtlh

filename

C.5.2 Using the dump Command
To use the dump command, you need system privileges. This command lets
you write an entire file system to tape. Ensure that the current directory is not

within the file system being backed up, except when backing up from the root
directory.
The dump command uses 10k byte block sizes. A 16% reduction in capacity

and I/O rates can result from using these block sizes if using TK85 or TK86
densities.

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-9

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

Table C—4 lists the options you can use with the dump command.
Table C-4 Common dump Options
Meaning
Option
d

Recommended Value
62500

Tape density in bits per inch
Tape device

Notify all privileged accounts, the status of
dump

Size of tape in feet

8
u

0-9

150646 (uncompressed)

301292 (compressed)

Update the /etc/dumpdates file with the date
Dump level

The following examples show command lines with the dump command:
$ dump Odsf 62500 301292 /dev/rmtOh /dev/rrzla
$ dump unsf 62500 301292 /dev/rmtOh /usr/users

Dump level 0 is the highest and dumps the whole file system.

Dump level 9 is the lowest. All files, modified since the last dump of the same
or lower dump level, are dumped.

C.5.3 Using the restore Command
The restore command reads a tape that is backed up with the dump

command. The restore command can read a file, a directory, or the entire

tape.

The restore command uses 10k byte block sizes. A 16% reduction in capacity
and T/O rates can result from using these block sizes if using TK85 or TK86
densities.

Table C—5 lists the options you can use with the restore command.
Table C-5 Common restore Options
Option

Meaning

Tape device

Read everything from tape

Interactive

Verbose
Extract

The following example shows a command line with the restore command:
C-10 Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
$ restore -xvf filename

C.5.4 Using the dd Command
Use the dd command to perform a device-to-device copy. The copy is done by
file or by image, depending on the specification of the input or output device
files.
Disks have two types of device files, image and block:
e

If the disk image file (/dev/rrzxx) is used, performance is faster.

If the disk block file (/dev/rzxx) is used, it is easier to retrieve a single file
later.

The dd command uses the specified block size, or if none is given, a default
of 512 bytes. When writingin TK85 or TK86 formats, an 87% reductionin
capacity and performance can result from usmg the default block size. Itis
important to specify a more optimal block size.

The default block size does not affect capacity when writing in the TZ87
format.
Table C—6 lists the options you can use with the dd command.
Table C-6
Option

Common dd Options
Meaning

Recommended Value

if
of
bs
ibs

Input file
Output file
Input and output block size (bytes)
Input block size (bytes)

32768
32768 for tape

obs

Output block size (bytes)

32768 for tape

The following examples show command lines with the dd command to:

Write to tape with the block device file:
$ dd if=/dev/rzla of=/dev/rmtlh bs=32768

Write to tape with the image device file:
$ dd if=/dev/rrzla of=/dev/rmtlh bs=32768

Read a tape:
$ dd if=/dev/rmtlh of=/dev/rzla ibs=32768

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-11

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

C.5.5 Using the Itf Command
Use the Itf command to write and read ANSI tapes. This command operates on

files and directories and uses the specified block size. Otherwise, the command
defaults to 2048 byte blocks. This block size results in a 50% decrease of
capacity and I/O rates when writing in TK85 or TK86 formats.

Table C-7 lists the options you can use with the 1tf command.
Table C-7 Common ltf;_%Options

o
4 o g

s
ape
of
Table ofcontent
Verbose

size to use
a block ify
Spec

Create tape, writes from beginning
t
to follow
Tape device argumen

(read)
act
from tape
Extr

Back up all new or modified files from last backup

The following examples show command lines with the Itf command to:
e

Write a file to tape:
$ 1tf -cf /dev/rmtOh

filename

<~B lék

Read a file from tape to your current directory:
$ 1tf -fx /dev/rmtlh

£filename

C.5.6 Using the mt Command

The mt (magnetic tape) command allows you to give certain commands to the
tape drive.

Table C-8 lists the options you can use with the mt command.

C-12 Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

Uslng the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

Table C8

Common mt Options

Option

Meaning

eof
bsf
bsr
fsf
fsr
offline
rewind
status

Write file mark(s)
Backward space file(s)
Backward space record(s)
Forward space file(s)
Forward space record(s)
Unload the tape
Rewind to the beginning of medium
Obtain information from the drive

The following examples show command lines with the mt command to:
*

Get the status of a drive:

§ mt -f /dev/rmt0h status
*

Rewind the default drive:
$ mt rewind

Write two file marks to the default drive:
$ mt eof 2

C.5.7 Using the cpio Command
The cpio command allows you to save files and directories on tape and other
media and retrieve these files.
Table C-9 lists the options you can use with the cpio command.

Table C-9

Common cpio Options

Option

Meaning

Write or read header information in ASCII character form
Create directories as needed

Copy in

o
t
v

Copy out
Table of contents of tape

Verbose

The following examples show command lines with the cpio command to:

Write to tape all files and subdirectories from your current directory:

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

C-13

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System
C.5 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
$ find . -print | cpio

/dev/rmtOh

List all files and subdirectories that are on the tape:
$ cpio ~ictv <

=-ocv >

/dev/rmtOh

Retrieve all files and subdirectories from the tape:
$ cpio -icdv < /dev/rmtOh

Retrieve selective files from the tape:
$ cpio =icv <

C-14

‘filename’ < /dev/rmtOh

Using the TZ87 with the ULTRIX Operating System

D
Digital Services
D.1 Service Plans
D.1.1

Introduction
Digital Equipment Corporation offers a range of flexible service plans.

D.1.2 On-Site Service
On-site service offers the convenience of service at your site and insurance
against unplanned repair bills. For a monthly fee, you receive personal service
from our service specialists. Within a few hours, the specialist is dispatched
to your site with equipment and parts to give you fast and dependable
maintenance.

D.1.3 BASIC Service
BASIC service offers full coverage from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday. Options are available to extend your coverage to 12-, 16-, or 24-hour

periods, and to include Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Under the basic
service plan, all parts, materials, and labor are covered in full.

D.1.4 DECservice Plan
The DECservice plan offers a premium, on-site service for producing
committed response to remedial service requests made during contracted
hours of coverage. Remedial maintenance will be performed continuously

until the problem is resolved, which makes this service ideal for customers
requiring maximum service performance. Under the DECservice plan, all
parts, materials, and labor are covered in full.

Digital Services

D-1

Digital Services
D.1 Service Plans

D.1.5 Carry-In Service
Carry-in service offers fast, personalized response, and the ability to plan
your maintenance costs for a smaller monthly fee than on-site service. When
you bring your unit to one of 160 Digital SERVICenters worldwide, factorytrained personnel repair your unit within 2 days. This service is available on
selected terminals and systems. Digital SERVICenters are open during normal
business hours, Monday through Friday.

D.1.6 DECmailer Service
DECmailer service offers expert repair at a per use charge. This service is
designed for users who have the technical resources to troubleshoot, identify,
and isolate the module causing the problem. Mail the faulty module to our
Customer Returns Center where the module is repaired and mailed back to
you within 5 days.

D.1.7 Per Call Service
Per call service offers a maintenance program on a noncontractual, time-

and-materials-cost basis. It is appropriate for customers who have to perform
first-line maintenance, but may occasionally need in-depth support from Digital
Services.

D-2

Digital Services

How to Order Additional Documentation

Technical Support
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(800-344-4825) and press 2 for technical assistance.

Electronic Orders
If you wish to place an order through your account at the Electronic Store, dial

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the Electronic Store, call 800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825) and ask for an Electronic Store
specialist.

Telephone and Direct Mail Orders
From

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Write

Phone: 800-DIGITAL

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.
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