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Document:	LA75 Companion Printer Programmer Reference Manual
Order Number:	EK-0LA75-RM
Revision:	2
Pages:	236
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-OLA75-RM-002

LA75 Companion Printer

Programmer Reference Manual

Prepared by Educational Services

of Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, August 1986
2nd Edition, February 1987

The reproduction of this material, in part or whole, is strictly prohibited. For

copy information, contact the Educational Services Department, Dlgxtal
Equipment Corporation. Maynard, Massachusetts 01754.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may ap-

pear in this document.
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed

properly. that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may
cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and

found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance
with the specifications in Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules. which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residen-

tial installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interterence to radio or

television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and

on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of

o
&

Relocate the receiver with respect to the printer.
Move the printer away from the receiver.

Reorient the receiving antenna.

€

the following measures.

Plug the printer into a different outlet so that the printer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

[t necessary. the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/
television technician tor additional suggestions. The user may find the booklet
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems. prepared by the

Federal Communications Commission, helpful. This booklet is available from

the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D '
004-000-00345-4.

20402. Stock No.

IBM?® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines

Corporation.
IBM ProprinterTM is a trademark of International Business Machines

Corporation.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Maynard.
Massachusetts.

d of1]t/a) 8

DECUS

DEC
DECmate

DECnet

DECsystem-10

MASSBUS

DECSYSTEM-20

PDP

P/OS

UNIBUS

DECwriter

Professional

VAX

DIBOL

Rainbow

VMS

RSTS

RSX

Work Processor

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 1 FEATURES
e eeeti e e e e e

1.1.1

General . . . . . . C e e e
TextMode.

. . . ... . ... ... e e v ... .

1.1.2

GraphicMode. . . . . . . . . . ... ..o

Downline-Loadable Memory. . . . . . . . .. .. .. ...

1.1

1.1.3
1.1.4

Options . . . ... ... ....... e e e e

e e

1.1.5

LA75Features. . . . . . . ... .. ... ..........9

1.2

Specifications . . . . . . . .. ...

0 oo

9
9

CHAPTER 2 PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND
SELF-TESTS

Serial Data Interface

2.1
2.2

2.3

. . . . . . . ... .. ... ......

EIA Interface Connector

Interface Signals

. . . . .. ... ... ......

. . . . . . . .. .. ... ...SR

2.3.1

SendCommon. . . ..

2.3.2

Receive Common . . . . . . . R

2.3.3

Receive Data

2.3.4

SendData.

2.3.5

Terminal Ready . . . . .

2.3.6

e e e

... ... .. e

. . . ... ... ... .. ... ...
. . .. ... . ... .......

DataSetReady . . . . . .. . ... .. G

... ........SEVORTARILE S

. . . . .. . .

ERN

L w

15
16

2.4

Data Format. . . . . . . ... ... ..... UL

2.5

Baud Rates

2.6

Input Buffer Control.

. . . . ... ... ... ..... Te
. . . . . . . . ... . ...

... .

2.6.1

XON/XOFF Protocol . . . . . .. ... ... ... ....

2.6.2

Input Buffer Processing. . .

2.7
2.7.1
2.7.1.1
2.7.1.2

2.7.2

2.7.2.1
2.7.2.2

. . . ... ... R

Front Panel Controls and Operatmg Modes.
Print Mode Controls and Operation.

. . . . ...
.

. . . . . e

Print Mode Controls and Indicators

e e21

. . . . . . . .. ..

Using Print Mode. . . . . .. .. ...... T Y.
.
Set-up Mode Controls and Opemtmn ............

22
23

SelectStates . . . . . ... .. ... .... e
e e
Entering Set-upMode . . . . . . . . . ... e .

23
24

2.7.2.3

Changing Set-up Parameters . .

2.7.2.4

Re-entering the Feature Select State.

2.7.2.5

Saving New Values and Exiting Set-up Mode.

2.8

. .

. ..

... ...

. . . . e

. . . . . :
SetupMenu. . . . .. .. ... Ce

2.8.1

Features1 —4

2.8.2
2.8.3

Features 14 — 20 "Other” Protocol (IBM

Emulation)

...

2.9

Factory-set Power-on Status

2.10

Self-Tests . . . . . . . . . . ... ...

2.10.1

Power-Up Self-Test .

2.10.2

Printing Self-Test.

. .

. .. e

. .

‘.

.. ..... Co

...

.....

PART 2 LA75 IN DEC-COMPATIBLE MODE

CHAPTER 3 CHARACTER PROCESSING
3.1
3.2

3.3

DEC Conformance Level Introduction . . . . . . . . . . ..
Coding Standards. . . . . . . . e
e e e Coe e
7-Bit and 8-Bit Environments. . . . . . . e e e e e

3.4

Character Set Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . ...

3.5

Control Characters

. . . . . . . .S

RIS SRR et

3.5.1

3.5.1.1
3.5.1.2

Backspace(BS) .

3.5.1.3

Horizontal Tab (HT).

3.5.1.4

Line Feed (LF)

. .

...

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ..

.. S

DAL

S S SR

3.5.1.5
3.5.1.6

Form Feed (FF).

3.5.1.7
3.5.1.9

Carriage Return(CR). . . . . . . . ... ... .....
Shift Out (SO). . . . . . e
e e e
e e e
ShiftIn(SI) . . . . . ... .. ... .. ...... SRR

3.5.1.10

Null(NUL)

3.5.1.8

A A

RN
I
S AL SRS

3.5.1.11
3.5.1.12

XOFF (DC3)

3.5.1.13

Cancel (CAN) . . . . . . .. o

e el
e O

Escape (ESC) .

RPN

. . .

U T EE TR

3.5.1.14

3.5.1.15
3.5.2

I SRR S

C1 (8-Bit) Text Control Characters . . . . . . . . ... ..

3.56.2.1

Partial Line Down(PLD) . . .

3.5.2.2

Partial Line Up(PLU).

3.5.2.3

IND, NEL. HTS.and VTS .

iv CONTENTS

. .

...

.el

.. ... ...
.. ... .

TM~

Single Shift 2(SS2) . . . .. . ... .. ... ... 49

3.5.2.4
3.5.2.5

Single Shift 3(SS3) . . . . . . e
U co.. . 49

3.5.2.6

Device Control String (DCS) Introducer. . . . . . . . . 49

=
—

3.5.2.8
3.5.2.9

String Terminator (ST) . . . . . .. .. ... ... .. 49
'OSC, PM, and APC . . . . . S R
AR
.. 49

3.6

Printable, Space and Spemal Characters. . . . . .. ... . 49

3.7

CharacterCell . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. ........ 50

3.5.2.7

Control Sequence Introducer (CSI) . . . . . . . . .. . 49

CHAPTER 4 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR
TEXT MODE

4.1

Escape Sequence, Cmtml Sequence, and Control
String Formats . . . . . A PSR
R SRRy L

4.1.1

Escape Sequence Format

. . . . . . . . SEPSITEEFURTV N 51

4.1.2

Control Sequence Format . . . . .e

4.1.3

Control String Format. . . . . . .. .. .. ... .... 55

[

4.1.4

Error Handling.

4.2

’m’

4.2.2

I
-

4.2.3

e e 52

. . . . . . . . . .. R

7-Bit and 8-Bit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 58

4.2.1

Converting 7-Bit Control Sequence to Equivalent

8-Bit C1 Control Character

. . . . . . . . ... ... .. 58

Cmnvertmg 8-Bit C1 Control Character to Eqmvalem

7-Bit Control Sequence. . . . . . . . . ... ....... 58

. 59

4.2.4
4.3
4.3.1

DEC Conformance Levels . . . . . . ... ......... 61

4.4

Level 1 Functions. . . . .. ... ..............864

4.4.1
4.4.2

Horizontal Pitch (DECSHORP) . . . . . P T 64
Vertical Pitch (DECVERP). . . . . . . . e
e e T
e e
68

4.4.3

Page Length (DECSLPP) . . . . . . ... .. P 69

4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.5.1
- 4.4.5.2

Partial-line Paper Motion (PLD and PLU} ...........
Character Set Selection . . . . . . . ..
..SR RV
“Select Character Set Sequences (SCS) . . . . . .. ..
Single and Locking Shifts . . . . . . .. e
e .

4.4.5.3

‘

Converting 8-Bit GR Selection to 7-Bit
Equivalent. . . . . AT
G
e LA

C1 Control Character Transmit and Receive. . . . . . . . 60
Level 1 and Level 2 Function Summary .......... 61

Assign User-Preference Supplemental Character

71
71
71
73

4.4.5.4

Set (DECAUPSS). . . . . . .. .. S
O
75
ANSI Announcer Sequence . . . . . ... ....... 15

4.4.6

Printing Quality Selection (DECDEN). . . . . ... ... 76

CONTENTS v

4.4.7

4.4.7.1
4.4.7.2

4.4.8

Highlighting Your Printing(SGR)

Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) Sequence . . . . . . 17
DEC Private SGR Sequence . . . . . . ... ... ...
Automatic Sheet Feeder

. . . . . . . . .. . ... . ...

4.4.8.1

Other ASF Control Functions

4.4.8.2

ASF Error Conditions.

4.5

. . . .. ... ... ..

79
80

. . . . . . ... ... ..

. . . . . . . . . .. ... ....

Level 2 Functions . . . . . . P

R e

e e e e e e

4.5.1

Set Page Width Alignment (DECHPWA).

. . .. ...
.

4.5.2

Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM).

. . . . . .. ..

4.5.3

Horizontal Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... .....

4.5.3.1

Horizontal Tabulation Set Control Code (HTS).

. . . . .

85
85

4.5.3.2

Set Horizontal Tabulation Stops (DECSHTS) . . . . . .

4.5.3.3

Horizontal Tabulation Set (DECHTS)

. . . . . . . . ..

4.5.3.4

Tabulation Clear (TBC). . . . . . . . .. ...
.. ...

4.5.3.5

Clear All Horizontal Tabs (DECCAHT).

. . . . . . . ..

4.5.4

Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM).

. . . . . . ..

4.5.5

Vertical Tabs

. . . . . . . . . . .

... . ... .. ....

4.5.5.1

Vertical Tab Set Control Code (VTS) . . . . . . . . .

..-

. . . . ... ... .....

4.5.5.2

Vertical Tab Set (DECVTS).

4.5.5.3

Set Vertical Tab Stops (DECSVTS). . . . .. ..

.. ..

4.5.5.4

Tabulation Clear (TBC) . . . . . . . . . ... .. ....

4.5.5.5

Clears All Vertical Tabs (DECCAVT). . . .. ... ...

Active Column and Active Line Commands. . . . . . . ..

4.5.6
4.5.6.1

Forward Index Control Code(IND).

. . . . . ... . ..

4.5.6.2

Next Line Control Code(NEL). . . . . . . ...
.. ..

4.5.6.3

Autowrap Mode (DECAWM) . . . . . . ... ... ...

4.5.6.4

Carriage Return New Line Mode (DECCRNLM) . . . . .

4.5.6.5

Linefeed New Line Mode (LNM) . . . . ...
.. .. ..

4.5.6.6

Horizontal Position Absolute (HPA)

. . . . . . ...
.

4.5.6.7

Horizontal Position Relative (HPR).

. . . . . . . ..

4.5.6.8

Vertical Position Absolute (VPA) . . . . . .. . ... ..

4.5.6.9

Vertical Position Relative(VPR)

4.5.7

Unidirectional/Bidirectional Printing (DECUPM). . . . . .

4.5.8

Downline-Loadable Character Set. . . . . . .. ...
. .. 96

. . . . . . . .. ..

4.5.8.1

Designinga CharacterSet . . . . . .. ... ......

4.5.8.2

DECDLD Control String . . . . . . ... ... .....

4.5.8.3

Example of DECDLD Control String.

98
103

. . . . .. . . ..

CHAPTER 5 STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES
5.1
5.2
5.3

5.3.1
5.3.2
5.4
5.5
5.6

IBM Proprinter Emulation Mode (DECIPEM) . . . . . . .. 105
Set Conformance Level (DECSCL) . . . . . . . .. .. ... 106
Product Identlficatwn Device Attributes (DA)
Sequanms ............................
Primary Device Attributes . . . . . . e
e e e
e
Secondary Device Attributes . . . . . . . ... ... ...
Device Status Request (DSR) . . . . . . . .. ... ... ..
Device Status Report (DSR). . . . . . ... .. ... ... .
Reset to Initial State(RIS) . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

5.7

Soft Terminal Reset (DE:

5.8

Loading Factory Nonvolatile Memory (NVR)
Settings (DECFNVR) . . . . . . ... ... .........

107

107
108
109
110
112

112

CHAPTER 6 GRAPHIC MODE
6.1

OVEervIeW. . . . . v v o o e v e e e e e e e e e e e

e e e

115

6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.2.1

Selecting Graphic Mode: The Sixel Protocol . . . . . . . ..
String Introducer . . . . . . ... .. .. VRO
T
Protocol Selector . . . . . . . . .. P

116
116
©

Macro Parameter (Ps1). . . . . . . ... .. ... ...

117

6.2.2.3
6.2.2.4
6.2.2.5
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.3

Horizontal Grid Size (Ps3) . . . . . . .
Additional Parameters (Ps?) . . . . . .
Final Character(q) . . . . . . . . . . .
PictureData. . . . . . . . .. ... ...
String Terminator (STD. IR
Sk A
IR
Character Processingin GraphicMode . . .

6.2.2.2

. e 117
Background Select (Ps2) . . . . . ...
e
e STV
... ... ...
.. ...
... RENCE
S
T D
. . . . . .. ..

117
119
119
119
119
120

6.3.2.1
6.3.2.2
6.3.2.3
6.3.2.4

Repeat Introducer
(!) and Sequence. . . . . . . . . . ..
Set Raster Attributes Sequence . . . . . . . . .. L.
Graphic Carriage Return($) . . . . .. ... ... ...
Graphic New Line (-) . . . . ... . .
... ... ...

121
122
125
125

6.3.2.6

Parameter Separator ;).

125

6.3.1
6.3.2

6.3.2.5

Sixel Printable Characters . . . . . .. ... ... .... 120
SixelControlCodes. . . . . . . .
... ... ...... 121

Numeric Parameters (0—9). . . . . . . ... . ... .. 125
. . . . .R

6.3.3

Graphic CO Control Characters. . . . .

. . ...

6.3.4

Graphic Substitute (SUB) Character . .

... ..

126

. . . . . ... .

126

6.3.5

Leaving GraphicMode . . . . . .. .. ... .. .. ...

126

6.3.6

Printer State After Leaving Graphlc Mode . . . ..

127

. ...

—
e

PART 3 LA75 IN IBM PROPRINTER EMULATION MODE

CHAPTER 7 IBM EMULATION FEATURES
7.1

General

. ...

... ..

... TR
A

7.1.1

Line-Oriented Buffer and Lme 'I‘ermmamrs. 53w

7.1.2

Graphic Mode Overview.

131

adh .

132

. . . . . . . . . ... .. ....

133

and CharacterSets . . . . . . .. ... ..... Co.oo.o..

133

7.1.4

Character Size.

133

7.1.5

Standard. Compressed. and Doublewwmth Printing

. . . . 133

Escape Sequence Processing . . . . . .

....

7.1.3

7.1.6
7.2

Compatible Control Characters, Escape Sequenc&s,

Character Sets.

. . .

. .

. . ..

. .

7.2.1

Character Set Charts . .

. .

7.2.2

Control Characters . . .

. .

7.2.3

Special Characters

. .

... ...

...

... ...

.. ...

134

LI PR T

134

. ... ... .........
... ... ... .....

141
144

. .

134

.. ...

. .SIS PN

CHAPTER 8 ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR [BM EMULATION
8.1

General

8.2

Terminal Management . . . . . .. ... ..........

. . . .

.. ...

....... Celd
he i ST

Reset to Initial State (RIS) . .

8.2.2

Soft Terminal Reset (STR) . . . . . . .. .........

146

8.2.3
8.2.4

IBM Terminal Reset . . . . . ... .. ......... .
Deselect Printer. . . . . . . . .. ... .... ......

146
146

8.3

. .. ce

... .

145

8.2.1

8.2.5

. . . . .

145

146

IBM Proprinter Emulation Mode (DECIPEM) ....... 146

Vertical Form Handling. .

. . .el e

8.3.1

Set Vertical Pitch(ERSLI)

...
. .. et oL

8.3.2

Set Vertical Pitch (ERIOLL). . . . . . .

. ...

8.3.3

Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI2)

. . .. ..

.. ... ..

. ..

148

8.3.4

Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI1)

. . ...
.. .. v w . ...

148

8.3.5

Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI3)

. . . .. ...
.. .. ... .

148

8.3.6

Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI4)

. . . . .

...

148

8.3.7

Set Form Length (ERSFL) . . . . . . .

... .. L.

149

. . . . . .. .. ... ... .

149

8.3.8

Set Form Length (ERSFLI).

8.3.9

Set Bottom margin (ERSBM).

viii CONTENTS

. . .

... ...

. . .. o ..

...
..

...

147

148

149

Clear Bottom Margin(ERCBM). . . . . . . .. ... ...
Set Vertical Tabs . . . . . . . . . .. e e e e e e e ...
..
e
e e
Set TopOf Form . . ... ...... T
Enable/Disable Automatm Line Fe&d G
R
e S it e e
e e
R e
Horizontal Form Handling . . . . . . e
... ..
...
.
.
.
.
.
Return.
Carriage
Print Width and

149
180
150

8.4.1.3

Set Double-Width Characters (EREDW) . . . . . . . . .
Set Single-Width Characters (ERDDW) . . . . . . . . .
L reTe e e .
IR
Carriage Return (PCR1). . . . . . T

151
151
151

8.4.2

Horizontal Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... .. :

8.3.10
8.3.11

8.3.13
8.4

8.4.1
8.4.1.1

8.4.2.1
8.4.2.2

8.4.3
8.5
8.5.1

8.5.2
8.6
8.6.1

8.6.2
8.7
8.7.1

8.7.2

Set Horizontal Tabs (ERSHT

e
Set All Horizontal Tabs. . . . . .. .. ... ke
Set Horizontal Spacingto 12CPI. . . . . . . . ce e,
Paper Fault Handling . . . . . . .. ... ... .. .....
Disable Paper Out (ERDP

Enable Paper Out (EHEPO). m

SRS

‘

150
150
181

152
182
152
|

e ev e, .

183

Alternate Character Set Mappmg .......... Ce
Select Set A(ERCO1). . . . ... ... AR A S S A
Select Set B(ERC02) . . . . . . .. .. e e e e e e

154
154
154

Umdxmctmnallmxdlrectlmal Prmtmg mntml e

e e

153

SetBidirectional Printing (ERDUD)
(
Set Unidirectional Printing

8.7.3

Select All Characters Set . . . . . L

164

8.7.4

Print Single Character From All Chamcter Set ,,,,,, .

155

8.8

Printing Modes

LU
|

8.8.1

Draft Printing

8.8.2

LQPrinting. . . . . . . . . ... oo
‘
NLQ Printing

8.8.3

8.8.4
8.8.4.1

8.8.4.2
8.8.4.3

8.8.5

8.8.6.3
8.8.6.4

8.8.6.5

Shadow Bold Printing
Shadow Bolded lmft

‘

Shadow Bolded NLQ . . . . . . . . .. Coe e ... .
Shadow Bolded LQ . . . . . . RN
L
S AN AR S S
Superscript and Subscript. . . . . ... 0oL
L. . . ..

156
156
156

Enable Shadow Bold (EREBD). . . . . . . ... .. ..
Disable Shadow Bold (ERDBD). . . . . . . . .. . ...
Set Letter Quality/NLQ Printing (EREHR) . . . . . . .
Set Draft (ERDHR). . . . . . . . ...
.. .. ... ..
Select Print Quality. . . . . . . i e e e e e e e e

156
156
156
1587
157

Selecting Printing Modes . . . . . I

8.8.6.6

Set/Reset Underline (EREUL) . .

8.8.6.7

Set/Reset Overscore

8.8.6.8

8.8.6.9
8.9

8.10
8.10.1

. . . ..

...

.. ...

.. ..

.. .. AR ‘

Enable Superscript/Subscript (ERESCR) .........

Reset Script (ERDSCR).

. . . .. ...
. e
Printing Mode Rules and Exceptmm ..... A
GraphicMode . . . . . . . .. .. ... ... ... ... .
Escape K (480 Bit-Image Graphic Mode) . . . . . . .
Escape L (960 Bit-Image Graphic Mode) . . . . . . .
Escape Y (960 Bit-Image Graphic Mode — Normal

8.10.2
8.10.3

Speed).
8.10.4

. . . . .. ...

Escape Z (1920 Bit-Image Graphic Mode).

. . . . . . . .
Downline-Load Character Image to Mammry .........

8.11

APPENDIX A CHARACTER SETS

APPENDIX B DEC GRAPHIC MODE — IMAGE EXAMPLES
APPENDIX C TEXT MODE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

APPENDIX D ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMMING METHODS
FIGURES

2-1

EIA MMJ Serial Interface Connector.

2-2

Serial Character Format (Printer-to-Computer). .

2-3

Serial Character Format (Computer-to-Printer).

. .

2-4

LA75 Companion Control Panel.

. .

. . .

...
. ..

. . . . $

. .
et

2-5

LA75 Set-upMenu

. .

2-6

Printing Self-test

3-1

7-Bit U.S. ASCII CharacterSet.

3-2

8-Bit DEC Multinational Character Set. . . . . . .. .. .
8-Bit ISO Multinational Character Set . . . . . . .S
Designating and Mapping Character Sets (8-Bit

3-3
3-4
|

Environment) .

.. ... ... .... PRI

...

. . .

. .

e el

. ... ...LR

..,

3-5

Designating and Mappmg Character Sets (7-Bit

4-1

Horizontal Pitch Selections .

4-2

Changing Horizontal Pitch

4-3

Vertical Pitch Selections.

. ..
.. T

Environment) . .

. .

Coe

e T
.

...

e
s

4-4

4-5
4-6

Character A in Sixel Pattern . . . . . . ... ...... .. 97

6-1

7-1

IBM Graphic Character Set A (GR) (Sheet 20f2). . . . . . . 136

7-2
7-2
7-3

o
-

p
]
. om
f )
o~

S A 96
Pixel Pattern for Character A. . . . . . . . e

Column Codes for Example 80-Column Font ”A"
e
Character . . . . . . P eieaie
Sixel Pattern . . . . . . . . ... ...

7-1

o
TM

‘

‘Top/Bottom Margma and Pitches . . . . . .. ... et. 90

Print Area and Horizontal Settings . . . . . v es ... . 83

Form Length and Vertical Setting:

4-7

4-8

4-10

Print Quality Examples . . . . . . ... .. ... ... ... 77

7-3

Al
A-2

A-3
A-4

IBM Graphic Character Set A (GL) (Sh%t 1 flf 2). . .....

104
115

135

IBM Graphic Character Set B (GL) (Sheet 1 0of2). . . . . . . 137
IBM Graphic Character Set B (GR) (Sheet 20f 2). . . . . . . 138
.. .. 139
~ IBM All Character Set (GL)(Sheet 10f2) . . . ...
IBM

All Character Set (GR) (Sheet 20f2)

. . . . . . .. ..

U.S. ASCII Character Set. . . . . .. ... .. e e
United Kingdom Character Set . . . . . . . ot v E e

140

... .

lb4

e . .

165

Dutch Character Set . . . . .. ... ... e 166
Finnish CharacterSet. . . . . . . . . ... ... ...... 167

A-5
A-6
A-7
A-8
A-9
A-10
A-11
A-12
A-13
A-14
A-15

French Character Set . . . . . . . . ... ... ... . ... 168
French Canadian Character Set. . . . . . . . . .. ... .. 169
German Character Set . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .... 170
[talian Character Set . . . . . . . .. ee 171
Japanese (JIS Roman) Character Set . . . . . . .. ... .. 172
Katakana Character Set. . . . . . .. .. ... ... .... 173
DEC Norwegian/Danish Character Set . . . . . . . Ce 174

A-18
A-19
A-20

DEC Technical CharacterSet. . . . . . .. ... .. .... 181
VT100 Line Drawing Character Set. . . . . . . e e 182
ISO Supplemental Character Set . . . . . . . .. ... . . . 183

A-16
A-17

ISO Norwegian/Danish Character Set. . . . . . . . . .. ..
Portuguese Character Set. . . . . . .. ...
. ... ...
. C e e
Spanish Character Set . . . . . .. ...

175
176
177

DEC Supplemental Character Set. . . . . e
e e

178

Swedish Character Set . . . . . . e e e 179
Swiss Character Set. . . . . . . . ... R
180

CONTENTS xi

TABLES

2-1

Interface Signals . . . . ... ... ..... e ..
LA75 Features, Values and Factory Settmgs RN I ..

2-2

2-3

PowerOnStatus

. . ... ...

...

..... MRS ..

15
28

3-1

CO (7-Bit) Text Mode Control Characters.

...

3-2

C1 (8-Bit) Text Mode Control Chameters,

3-3

Character Generation .

4-1

Control Strings . . . .

. ... ..

4-2

Control Function Equivalents .

4-3

Level 1 and 2 Functions.

. . .

. .

...

... e

..., e

.. LR ...

.. PR

4-4

Page Length and Vertical Pitch . . . . . S PR ...

4-5

Assigning Character Sets. . .

. .

A L.

4-6

Fallback Escape Sequences . .

.. AR

4-7

Selecting an Active Character Set.

. e ...

7-1

Character Sizes Vs. Print Density.

7-2

Summary of Control Characters.

B-1

Selectable Image Scale Sizes and Aspect Ratios

xii CONTENTS

. . . .

. . ...

50
56

...

. . . . . .

134
141
185

This manual mntams reference information for users with program
e
ience. Programmers can use this information to design or modxfy applwatmu

software to take advantage of the femumfl available m the prmmr

Your applxcamm software determmes the abmty to select the printer functions

you desire and the extent to which you can use them. For example. word pro-

cessing applications should have menus that let you select bold. underline. margins. tabs, and mlabed features fm thme a_&phcatmns

This manual d«ms not explmn how to use these applwatmn»apemfic menus, send
the mntml seque nces fmm a ,_;rtwular lmst computer, or run a given operating
system or applwatmn package.
This manual contains interface, co e,;,;.mumcatmm character processing. and es-

cape and control sequence information.
Appendix C contains several examples of how to use the control functi

this manual. The sample programs are written in a generic version of BASIC.
They may reqmre modmfxcatmn for operatmg systems or apphcatmm that use

other versions of "‘BASIC

OTHER LA75 MANUALS
Your printer comes with one other manual. Installing and Using the LA75

Companion Prmtw which describes how to install. operate. and maintain the
printer.

MANUAL ORGANIZATION
This manual has eight chapters and four appendices that cover the following

topics.

PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Chapter 1 gives an overview of the printer and its features.
Chapter 2 describes how the LA75 communicates with a computer. This chapter describes the printer’s serial interface, communication signals, configuration

(set-up)menu, and required data format. It also contains a description of operator controls and indicators.

PART 2 LA75 IN DEC-COMPATIBLE MODE
Chapter 3 describes how the LA75 processes received text mode characters.
Chapter 4 describes text mode escape and control gequences to select prmtmg
functions.

Chapter 5 describes the status and reset features of the printer.
Chapter 6 describes the processing of graphic mode comml and prmtable
characters.

PART 3 LA75 IN IBM PROPRINTER EMULATION‘MODE
Chapter 7 glves an overview of the Proprinter Emulation mode. It describes
the set-up menu features. text mode characterprmessmg, and IBM characters
sets.

Chapter 8 describes text and graphic mode escape and contml sequences used
to select IBM-compatible functions.

Appendix A shows the character sets used with the LA75 in DECmnmpatmble

environment.

Appendmx B shows examples of vertical grid size and image scale size; and the
relationship between image scale size and aspect ratio.

Appendix C contains several BASIC programming examples that use the commands defined in Chapter 4.
Appendix D contains alternative programming methods that help to improve

print quality.

INTRODUCTION

WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES
The warnings, cautions, and notes in this manual have specific purposes.

WARNINGS

=TM

Contain important information relating to personal
safety.

CAUTIONS

Contain information to prevent damage to the
equipment.

NOTES

Contain general information.

CHAPTER 1 FEATURES

.. e
. . . ...

e e e e e e

e e

' PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND
..
.
SELF-TESTS. . . . . . . . . .

Fol

1.1 GENERAL
The LA? 5 Compamonis a compact dot matrix printer. It is demgned fmr use in
‘
person:al computer
systems,
¢
affm& Wwor: jI eamtmm,.

and small-sized business com-

puter systems. |

The LA75 receives characters and commands through an a&ynahmmus serial
interface. The interface operates at any of several selectablebaudmbes up to
baud. Theprmtm hafi a 2 Kbyte mput buffer.

The prmth@ad mmnw on a camme that scans horizontally across the paper

The printer is capable of bidirectional printing to optimize printer throughput.
The ribbonis m a disposable cartn%# .

The LA? 5 prm r has a pm;?_;,mlmlction feature that allows the printer to

,_'mte m mther DEC or IIM

nter Emulatmn mades |

In the DEC mode (Part 2), the printer can perform as a LA50 or LA210
printer. This means that the LA75 is mmme»dmtely compatible with most operating systems and apphcatmm written to support these printers.

In the IBM Pmprmter mode (Part 3), the LA75 emulates the IEM Proprinter,
allowing you torun “off the shelf” industry-standard software applications written to support the IBM Proprinter.
You can select DEC or IBM Proprinter modes using the protocol switch on the

front panel, a set-up menu. or by sending the appropriate control sequence to
the printer.

The printer has two fundamental printing modes — text mode and graphic

mode. It also provides downline-loading of a character set.

1.1.1 Text Mode ’
In the text mode. the printer uses a 9-element impact dot matrix printhead to

print Courier style characters at speeds from 32 to 250 characters per second.
Line length on 8-inch paper can be from 40 to 137 characters per line.

T"f"éfe LA75 has four print densities that can be selected through software con-

trol. You can also select the Near Letter Quality (NLQ) and Letter Quality (LQ)
pm{*fi;,,tzngusing theprint quahty switch on the front panel or through the set-up
menu. (See Sections 2.7 and 2.8.) Faster Draft and Memo printing are selec-

table through the set-up menu.

You can print from many different character sets (including 20 built-in DEC

character sets and 3 built-in IBM sets) to select different languages and linedrawing or scientific characters.

1.1.2 Graphic Mode
In the graphic mode, the LA75 lets the user prmt graphm images by sendmg
data that controls the dot printing elements individually.
,
In DEC graphic mode, the LA75 is capable of printing bitmap data in accor-

dance with the sixel graphic protocol. You can choose different combinations of
graphic (dot) densities. aspect ratios. and image scale sizes. Each printable
characteris printed out of 64 possible 1 x 6 dot combinations. The LA75 provides several graphic print densities with up m 180 dots/mr:h horzmntally and
144 dots/inch vertically.

IBM graphic modeis described in Part 3 of this manual. IBM grapmc mode

provides the bit-image (dot) resolution up to 240 dots/inch h«:mmntally and 72

dots/inch vertically. Bit-image graphics print using eight of nine printheadwires

(bottomwire is not used).

¢y

1.1.3 Downline-Loadable Memory
The printer has memory space allocated to store up to 96 user-defined,

downhne~loaded draft characters that can be used as an actwe chamcter set.

FEATURES

1.1.4 Optiorm
The LA75 prmer supportfi two options — LA7 SXWSF sheet feeder and LA75
font cartridges. For more information on the sheet feeder. see Paragraph 4.4.8

and ”Installingand Using the LA75-SF Smglw’[‘ray Feeder” (EK-LA75X-UG).
For more mformatmx on t:he f(mtcartridges, see an appropriate user manual

1.1.5 LA75 Features

o
©

Downline-loadable characters

Katakana character set for Japan
Graphic printing

Digital Technical character set

Fnur print densities — clraft memo, NLQ, and LQ

Digital and ISO Multinational md Supplemamtal character sets

Compact size suita .;»@ fw dmk-«mp lmatmn
Digital and IBM compatibilit;
ASCII and natmnal ch ;:agtar sets
VT100 special graphic character set

Some of the main features of the LA? 5 rim:er are as follows.

ngh reliability

Bold, italics, supersmmpt and subficmpt

1.2 SPECIFICATIONS
The following are the specification: for the LA75 printer.

Print method

Print speed

Incremental with bidirectional
kel

ch ’irracterslsemnd draft

— memo
125 characters/second
haracters/second — near letter

NQMalmty

32 chamctera/ semnd letter quality

Character format (dots) B

9 x. 9star dard 11 x 12 fullin draft
18 x 9 std., 22 x 12 fullin memo
17 x 17 std., 21 x 23 fullin NLQ
27 x 18 std., 35 x 24 full in LQ

Graphic mode

DEC mode — up to 180 dots/inch

horizontally and 144 dots/inch vertmally |

1tol, Zmlmz1/2t01a$pe«::t o

ratms
IBM mod& — up to 240 dmtsfmch
horizontally and 72 dots/inch vertically

Characters

DEC mode —

94 ASCII

96 Multinational
63 JIS Katakana
27 VT100 special graphic

85 Technical (scientific) g'raphm
1 error indicator

IBM mode —

Sets A, B, and All Charactem
Character pitch

Pica pitch — 10 chamcterslmch

80 characters/line
Double width — 5 chamcters/mch

40 characters/line
Elite pitch — 12 charactem/mch
96 characters/line

Double width — 6 cham&éré/imm

48 characters/line

Compressed font — 17.1
characters/inch, 137 characters/line

Double width — 8.55 characters/inch,

68 characters/line
DEC-only compressed font — 16.5
chararacter/inch, 132 char/line

DEC-only double width — 8.25

character/inch,
66 char/line

Character highlighting

Underlining

Double underlining (DEC only)

Bolding
Italics

Superscript and subscript

Overscoring
Line spacing

12,8,6,4.3, or 2 lines/inch
Partial line up and down, 1/12 inch

600 ms/inch
Form dimensions
Form thickness

Paper feed method

'”

Single sheets: 3 to 9 inches wide

Up to 0.011 inches, up to 3-part form

Friction feed and tractor feed from rear

and tractor feed from bottom
Optional automatic sheet feeder

Form loading

Single sheets from rear-top
Continuous forms from bottom: use bottom
feed when printing envelopes. labels. and
multi-part forms.

Continuous forms from rear; use rear feed
when printing on single-ply paper.

Ribbon cartridge

Operator installable

Power requirements

LA75-A5 100 Vac, 50/60 Hz
LA75-A2 120 Vac, 50/60 Hz

LA75-A3 240 Vac. 50/60 Hz
LA75-A4 220 Vac. 50/60 Hz

Power consumption

Less than 180 W

Weight

9.5 Kg (20 Ib)

Dimensions

427 mm (W) x 345 mm (D) x 121 mm (H)
(16.81in x 13.6in x 4.75 in)

Data interface

Serial RS423 and RS232-C (with an

adaptor) EIA Standard
2 Kbyte input buffer

FEATURES

iter

system, prwming hardcopy output
ests blish a comter, you must
mumcatmn link between t*;fl prmter and the mmpumr Th&communication link
you must pmvxdeis a serial data interface. For hard ;i;am interface requirements, see Installing and 'f""?ffvmngthe LA75 Companion Printer.
The following sections describe these communication characteristics.
EIA serial interface connector and interface signals
Baud rates

Data character format

Data buf’fe;ing requirements

2.2 EIAINTERFACE CONNECTOR
LA75 interface signals meet EIA (Electronic Industry Association) standards
RS423, RS449, and RS232-C. The EIA interface connector is the MMJ 6-pin

female connector that mounts on the back of the printer. Figure 2-1 shows the
EIA connector and pin numbers.

1 MA-D141-8B6A

Figure 2-1 EIA MMJ Serial Interface Connector

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

2.3 INTERFACE SIGNALS
Table 2-1 shows pin assignments in the I IMJ connector for the interface
signals.

Ta I@ 2-1 Interface Signa
Name

Function

From printer

TerminalReady

SO U

Direction

RS232-C

From printer
From printer
To printer

~ To printer

Send Data

Name
CD

Send Common
Receive Common

Receive Data
~ Data Set Ready

|
.,

BB
CC

The following paragraphs describe l.mdual signals.

2.3.1 Send Common
This line is the common ground reference potential for the Send Dma and
Terminal Ready interface circuits.

ve Common
This line is the common ground reference potential for the Receive Data and

Data Set Ready interface circuits.

2.3.3 Receive Data
-

The printer receives serial encoded characters from the computer on this line.

2.3.4 Send Data

The printer senfids serial encoded characters to the computer on this line.
The bit rate within a character can be up to 9600 bits per second. However.

the character transmission rate from the printer to the computer over any 2
characters does not exceed 100 characters per second. These limits ensure that

two stop bits are always sent to the computer at baud rates above 1200 baud.

2.3.5 Terminal Ready
The printer uses this line to tell the computer when the printer is ready ta

send and receive data.

The ON condition indicates the printer is ready to send and recewe data The

OFF condition indicates that the printer is not ready.
After the power-up initialization. the printer is ready to send and receive data.
The printer remains ready to communicate indefinitely.

2.3.6 Data Set Ready
The LA75 does not use this line.

2.4 DATA FORMAT
The LA75 requires data transmission in a bit serial. asynchronous character
format. This format consists of a start bit (space), 7 or 8 data bits (1 = mark,
0 = space). a selectable parity bit., and at least 1 stop bit (mark). You select

the number of data bits and parity through the set-up menu (Section 2.8). The
LA75 must use the same data bits and parity as your computer..

Figures 2-2 and 2-3 show the printer-to-computer and computer to-printer char-

acter formats.

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

VARIABLE
IDLE TIME

(DEPENDS ON TRAFFIC)
IDLE

TEOF

70R8
'DATABITS

SPACE +

28BITS

(MINIMUM

GUARANTEED

IDLETIME)

. START BIT OF

NEW CHARACTER

,wimlmlmamwaawI g

“MARK" k&

ONE BIT

OPTIONAL OPTIONAL RETURN TO IDLE

BAUD RATE

BIT

8th BIT

“g‘,fg;

PARITY

STATEOF LINE

MA-7815-C

VARIABLE
IDLE TIME

(DEPENDS ON

TRAFFIC)

IDLE

STATE OF
, LINE

1BIT
Minmum

IDLE TIME)

DATABITS

‘

NEW CHARACTER

...ak

SPACE +
: LfiB

‘GUARANTEED | START BIT OF

70R8

'srlm
BIT

lmlmnmlm@%imlwafi,

mwfi BIT

TIME =

ONE/
BAUD RATE

| OPTIONAL OPTIONAL RETURN 10 IDLE
8th BIT

PARITY
BIT

STATE OF LINE

MA-TB15-8

Figure 2-3 Serial Character Format (Computer-to-Printer

The printer sends 2 stop bits between characters to the computer. Stop bits
provide a minimum idle time between two characters. The printer communicates with equipment that requires 1 or 2 stop bits.

The data bits define 7- or 8-bit characters with the least significant bit leading.

Parity is set together with a number of data bits in the set-up menu. In a 7-bit
environment, you can select even. odd. mark, or space parity. In an 8-bit environment, you can select even, odd. or no parity. To enable pamty error detec»-

tion. you must select even or odd parity.

2.5 BAUD RATES

Baud rate is the speed at which data is sent and re(jeived, usually expressed in

bits per second. The LA75 must use the same baud rate as your computer. You
can select a printer baud rate of 110, 200, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800.
or 9600

bits per second. You select the baud rate through the set-up menu (Section
2.8).

2.6 INPUT BUFFER CONTROL
The LA75 monitors incoming data to avoid input buffer overflow. The printer

uses the XON/XOFF protocol for buffer control.

2.6.1 XON/XOFF Protocol

The LA75 uses the XON/XOFF protocol for, input buffer contml.
After the printer is turned on and ready to receive data, it sends an XON con-

trol character to the computer. The XON character tells the computer to start

sending data.
To avoid input buffer overflow. the printer constantly monitors the number of

empty character positions in the input buffer. When the input buffer fills to
1920 (of 2048 maximum) characters, the printer sends an XOFF control character. This first XOFF character tells the computer to stop sending data.
If the computer misses the first XOFF character, the printer sends a second

XOFF control character when the input buffer fills to 1984 characters.

Meanwhile. the printer continues to print or process characters from the input
buffer. When the input buffer drops to 1792 characters. the printer sends an
XON character. telling the computer to resume sending data.

| If ym.x mpen thflprmter s mcms mvw or run cmt ufandurmg prmtmg the

the prmter s&m&s an XON chamcmr only’ when the mput: buffer faiw belaw |
1 792 a:hamcwm

The printer tem;mraxily stores allreceived characters in its input buffer before

processing. The| input buffer can hold
2048 i(2 Kbyte)
diits
stmiati
bons
it characters
et
et withouty losing
B
As the printer is processing data from the input buffer, it moves characters

into the pmlt buffer The LA75 does not start printing until one of the following conditions are met:
\

line terminator character (LF, FF, VT CR) is received (Section

In Text mode, the Autowrap feature is set and printing occurs be-

yond the right margin.
3.

In Text mode, the printer has not recewed data for 500
|

milliseconds.

In Graphic mode, the printer has not received data for the last 3
seconds.

If the printer receives characters faster than it can process or print them, the

input buffer may overflow. The LA75 uses the XON/XOFF protocol to avoid

the input buffer overflow. If, however, the host computer ignores the XON/
XOFF protocol, data may be lost. The printer replaces each lost character with

a substitute (SUB) control character. The printer inserts the SUB character in
the input buffer at the point of loss. SUB prints as an error character (reverse
question mark).

The printer uses the same method to replace characters received with a parity
or framing error.

Unlike all other DEC-made control codes and sequences, the Device Status
Request (DSR) control sequence is processed out of sequence and as soon as it

is received (Sections 5.3 and 5.4). The printer immediately responds to the
DSR without placing it into the buffer, even when the buffer is full and an

XOFF has been sent to the host computer.

COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

2.7 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND OPERATING MODES
At power up the LA75 can be placed in one of two operating modes — Pmnt or

Set-up. Each switch on the LA75 control panel has two functions, one for each

of these operating modes.

In Print mode. the control panel switches perform the functions that appear in
white letters above the switch. In Set-up mode, the control switches perform

the functions that appear in dark grey letters below the switches. The two indicators for Power and Fault operate in all modes.

Figure 2-4 shows the front control panel of the printer.

Protocol

Power

Fault

3 DEC

Set-up

D3 0ther

Print
Quality

Feature

Ready
caLa

onNwel

Line
Feed

Form
Feed

o D

)

—J

Value

Previous
MA-0139-86

Figure 2-4 LA75 Companion Control Panel

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

2.7.1 Print M de Controls and Operation

In Print mode, t e prmter receives mput data frmm the host computer and
prints the data.T his mode aperatmn dfipends on the mtwup features stored in
the printer’s memory

2.7.1.1 Print ;Mmda ControlsandIndicators- These controls are as follows.

‘The IP()WERis a green mdmatur that lxghts when the printer is po-

TheFAULTis a red indicator. The FAULT indicator lights and

| wered up.

st:ays on when the paper supply is out or a prmthfimdposition error
is demted

The FAULT mdmawr blinks continuously when a hardware error is
detected during the self-test (Section 5.9).

The PROTOCOL switch allows you to connect the LA? 5 to a different hmt computer.To ahange between DEC md OTHER protocols,

pmss the switch once and the corresponding indicator will hght

NOTE: Use "OTHER" when you want the LA75 to emulate tiw IBM
Pmprmter

The PRINT QUALI’TY switch allows you to force one of two print
densities (LQ or NLQ) regardless of software selection. LQ stands

for Letter Quality(32 cps); and NLQstands for Near LetterQuality

(42 cps). There are two indicators (LQ and NLQ) that light up at the

print quality that you have selected. If both indicators are out, the

software is in control of print quality selections.

- NOTE: At power up, both indicators are off. and the print quality is controlled
by the printer’s set-up memory and software.
The LA75 has two otherprintqualities:memo quality (125 cps) and

draft quahty (250 cps) thatcan be selected thmugh the set-up menu

and snftwam

The READY indicator shows if the printer is “on line” or "off line”
with the host computer. When the READY indicator is lit, the
printer is on-line and will print mcc:mm,g data from the host computer. When the indicatoris off, the printer is off-line and will not
print data.

If you press the READY switch while the printer is printing (putting
it “off line”), the printer completes only the line it is currently print-

ing and then stops.

If the printer runs out of paper, the FAULT indicator lights. You
can press the READY switch to print one line at a time at the bottom of the page.
If the access cover is open, the prmter is off-line (READY indicator

is off). After you close the cover, press the READ’Y switch to put
the printer on-line.

The LINE FEED switch advances the paper in the printer one line
at a time. Holding the switch down will advance the paper a number

of lines.
7.

FORM FEED advances the paper in the minter by one form length

at a time.

NOTE: The

READY switch remains active while the printer
is printing. The

LINE FEED, FORM FEED, and PRINT QUALITY switches are active only

when there is no error condition and the printer is idle; that is, the printer is
off-line or there is no data in the input buffer. The PROTOCOL switch is only

active when there is no data in the input buffer.

2.7.1.2 Usmg Print Mode - To run the LA75 in the P’rint mode,n proceed as
follows.

Set the power switch to 1 (on).

Load the paper now or anytime during operation.

3.
~

The green POWER indicator will light. The READY indicatoris lit
to indicate that the printer is on-line with paper loaded and the
cover closed.

Choose the protocol, if necessary. The indicator next to your choice
will light.

NOTE: The PROTOCOL switch does not work if the printer is off-line and

there is data in the input buffer.

hoase the printquality. Use the PRINT QUALITY switch if you
want m change fmm the software-set prmm quahty or rxfyou want to

prmtmg The mdwawr néxt to ym;tr choice will hght
You ;am now ready to print.

NOTE: If you pmgs this switch, you force print quahty seleatwn and software
Mimtwn is dmablm

me mm @nmr t,hae Smwup modffl; 1: cha,,] e the op&mt'fi g feat res of th
The controls aw shown on the front pmrml in dark gmy
You enter the Set-up mode at power up while pressing the SET-UP switch. The
printer then automatically prints out the current printer settings and sets itself
to the Feature Select state.
NOTE: On the set-up menu, "DEC" indicates DEC protocol features, and
* "Emulation” mdwam IBM Pr&pmntw featums
The FEATURE gwntch almws you to move between two select states
(Paragraph 2.7.2.1), selecting set-up femums

The VALUE switch allows you to get into value wlect state and to aelect or
change the feature’s value.

The NEXT switch lists and steps through the next feature or value when you

are setting your printer’s configuration. Each time you press NEXT, the

printer advances one feature or value, de, nding on which select state the

printer is in.

The PREVIOUS switch goes back one feature or value when you are setting

your printer’s configuration. Each time you press PREVIOUS, the printer steps
back one feature or value, depending on which select state the printer is in.
2.7.2.1 Select States - There are two select states in the Set-up mode:
Feature Select and Value Select.

In the Feature Select state you can step through the list of printer features,

and see what value is presently stored in the printer’s memory. Feature Select
is accessed through the FEATURE switch.
In the Value Seiect state you can step through the list of values for each feature until you find the one you want to store in the printer’s memory. Value
Select is accessed through the VALUE switch.

2.7.2.2 "Emfimrm'g Smuup Mode
- To enter this mode, prt:vc%’d as follows.

NOTE Make sure tlm power swzmh is set to the m’f pamtwn and that paper is
loaded in the printer.
1.

Press and hold the SET-UP switch while you set the power switch

to 1 (on).

The green Power indicator lights. The indicator next to OTHER on
the PROTOCOL switch starts flashing and continues to flash
throughout the set-up procedure to indicate thatthe printer is in the
set-up mode. The lower(NLQ) indicator on the FEATURE switch
will also begin flashing to indicate that the printer is in the Feature

Select state.

The printer will automatically (Figure 2-5): |
e

print a firmware version number,

print a list of the features and values stored in the printer,

print out the first feature in the list (Baud Rate).. and its value,

and

advance the paper five times.

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

LATE -8 Code Version

1.0
Value

Feature

U.8.

DEC

1
2

Protocol
Form

4800
B-None

Character Set

and Farity

Supplemental Character

Bits

Data

Print Density (DEC)

Baud Rate

PFrinter

Text

Mode

Aute

[DEC)

ND Auto LF

Auto CR

(DEL)

NO Auto

Cancel Control Functions

(DEC)

{(Emulation)

Length

(DELD)

Right

132

Margin

Columns

Faper Out

Bell

Slashed

Lero

Auto LF

on CR

Active
Aute CR

FPower-up

or NLO

(DEC)

(Emulation)
(Emulation)

Character

(DEC)

CaM Control Code
80

Bet

Set

(Emulation)

Density

(Emulation)

Baud Rate

inches

ASBCLI

Supplemental

Draft

LASO

Truncate

Columns

Zevo

HNo

without

Graphics

auto

slash

LF
set A

auto CR

Dratt

SBelect

ABOD

NLD

A0 T0-86

Figure 2-5 LA75 Set-up Menu

2.7.2.3 Changing Set-up Parameters - Once the printer is in the Feature

Select state, there are two choices. If you want to keep the value for the first
teature listed, and review the next feature, press
NEXT. The printer prints the

—

next feature and its value, and advances another 5 lines.

If you want to change the value for the first, or any other feature listed, you
must enter the Value Select state. and proceed as follows.

Press the VALUE switch.

—

NOTE: The indicator on the VALUFE switch will begin to flash: the indicator
on the FEATURE switch will stop flashing.
2.

Press NEXT or PREVIOUS to step through the value options for a

feature. After you step through the last value, the list begins again
with the first value.

NOTE: Each time you press NEXT or PREVIOUS, a new value is selected

and printed, and the paper then advances 5 lines. If you press NEXT or
PREVIOUS continuously, the LA75 prints values one line at a time. When you
stop pressing the switch, the paper is advanced 5 lines.
S

Stop at the value you want to select. It will be saved and made ac-

tive when you leave the Set-up mode later.
Now you can return to the Feature Select state by pressing the
FEATURE switch to list the next feature and its value.

2.7.2.4 Re-entering the Feature Select State - After changing the value setting(s). you can return the printer to the Feature Select state as follows.
1.

Press the FEATURE switch to re-enter the Feature Select state.

NOTE: The indicator on the VALUE switch stops flashing; the indicator on

the FEATURE switch begins flashing.
2.

Press NEXT to list the next feature and its current value. Press

PREVIOUS to list the previous feature and its current value.

NOTE: Each time you press NEXT or PREVIOUS. a new feature and its

value is printed. and the paper advances 5 lines. If you press NEXT or
PREVIOUS continuously. the printer prints the list of features and their values
one line at a time. When you stop pressing the switch. the paper advances 5

lines.

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

3.
-

Stop at the feature whose value you want to change. Enter the
Value Select state by pressing the VALUE switch.

NOTE: If you return to the same feature several times without exiting the Setup mode, the printer will show the value that was previously stored in the
set-up memorsy.

2.7.2.5 Saving New Values and Exiting Set-up Mode - To do this. press the

SET-UP switch once. The feature/value changes are now stored in the printer’s
set-up memory.

The printer then automatically returns to the Print mode and moves to the
pa

next page.

NOTE: If you turn off the printer’s power before you press the SET-UP switch.

the new values will not be saved in the printer’s set-up memory.

The Set-up menu gives you access to the LA75 printer memory. The memory

stores the list of all of the printer's features and values as well as the values

that you (or the factory at the time of shipping) have selected to run the

printer. You can access the set-up menu through the procedure described in
Paragraph 2.7.3.
Table 2-2 shows the LA75 Set-up menu and the factory setting value for each

feature. Figure 2-5 is the printout of the actual LA75 Set-up menu.

Table 2-2 LA75 Features, Values and Factory Settings
Feature

Value

Number Feature

Number Value

Baud Rate

110

200

300

600
1200

2400

4800

Factory Setting

9600

Data Bits
and Parity

7-Even

7-Odd

7-Space
7-Mark

8-Even

8-Odd
8-None
Protocol

DEC

Factory Setting

Other
Form Length

12 inches

11 inches

Factory Setting

Character Set

U.S. ASCII

Factory Setting

(DEC)

Great Britian
DEC Finland

France
DEC French Canada

Germany
Italy

JIS Roman

DEC Norway/Denmark

Spain
DEC Sweden
Norway/Denmark

DEC Dutch

DEC Swiss
Portugal

Reserved*
*Value 16 shows “"Reserved” (available for future use).

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

Table 2-2 LA75 Features, Values and Factory Settings (Cont)
Feature

Value

Number Feature

Number Value
-

DEC Supplemental Factory Setting

O B

[SO Supplemental

Katakana

Print Density

Supplemental

Draft

(DEC)

QO B

NLQ

Character Set

(DEC)

LA210 ID

B b
B bt

CAN Control
Code (DEC)

Truncate

Auto LF on CR

(DEC)

Conformance Level 2

Auto CR on LF

Auto CRon LF

Factory Setting

No Auto CR

Factory Setting

Auto LF on CR

GO DD

LA50 ID

(DEC)
11

Printer ID

Margin (DEC)

Factory Setting

Memo

(DEC)

Text Mode Right

DEC Technical

Cancel Control

Factory Setting

Wrap

No Auto LF

Factory Setting

Functions

Kill Buffer
13

80 or 132 Columns

80 columns

(DEC)

132 columns

Paper Out Bell

Off

(Emulation)

Slashed Zero

Zero with slash

(Emulation)

Zero without

slash
16

Auto LF on CR

{(Emulation)

No auto line feed

Factorv Setting

Factory Setting

Table 2-2 LA75 Features, Values and Factory Settings (Cont)
Feature

Value

Number Feature

Number Value

Active Character

Graphics Set A

Set

Graphics Set B

Factory Setting

Auto CR on LF

(Emulation)

No auto CR

Factory Setting

Power-Up Print

Draft

Factory Setting

Quality

LQ or NLQ

LQ/NLQ Select

Select NLQ

(Emulation)

Select LQ

(Emulation)
18

(Emulation)
20

Factory Setting

2.8.1 Features 1 — 4
These features set the values for baud rate, data bits and parity, form length.

and protocol. They should be set to correspond to the information provided in
your host computer’s user guide (or equivalent manual). These settings are ac-

tive all the time.
1.

Baud Rate
The baud rate is the speed (bits per second) at which the computer

communicates with the printer.
2.

Data Bits and Parity

Data bits and parity determine the format that the printer will use

to communicate with the host computer.
Protocol

Protocol determines what software the LA75 is compatible with.
Value 1 (DEC) sets the printer to be compatible with Digital com-

puters. Value 2 {Other) sets the printer to be compatible with software written for IBM Proprinter.

Form Length
Form Length effects the form feed function. It allows you to manually define the form length at either 11 or 12 inches depending on
the paper vou are using.

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

2.8.2 Features 5 — 13 DEC Protocol
These features are active if you have selected "DEC” for the Protocol feature.
d.

Character Set (1 through 16)
Chamcter Set defines the active character sets on power up. Choose
the character set that matches the language you had used to develop your files. Refer to Appendix A in this manual for all available
character sets.

Supplemental Character Set
This feature allows you to choose one of four supplemental character
sets.

Print Density

Print density determines the quality of printing your printer will
provide when it is turned on. The print densities are draft (250 cps).
Memo (125 cps), Near Letter Quality (42 cps). and Letter Quality
(32 cps).

Printer ID

Printer ID defines the power-up device name used by the printer
when responding to requests from your host computer. LA50 ID al-

lows the printer to function as an LA50. LA210 ID allows it to function and respond as an LA210. Conformance Level 2 allows it to
respond as a Level 2 device (functionally equivalent to LA210
printer).

Text Mode Right Margin

This feature controls processing of chamcters that go beyond the
right margin. “Truncate” will ignore the charactersin a line that
exceed the right margin. “Wrap” will print the characters that ex-

ceed the right margin on the next line beginning at the left margin.
10.

Auto Line Feed on CR

This feature determines if the printer performs an automatic line
feed (LF) on receiving the Carriage Return control code.

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

11.

Auto Carriage Return on LF

This feature determines if the printer performs an automatic carriage return (CR) on receiving the Line Feed control code.
12.

CAN Control Code
This feature allows you to define the CAN function. When you select
“1.” CAN cancels any escape or control function currently pro-

cessed. When you select “2,” CAN erases the input buffer.
80 or 132 Columns
This feature allows you to select print line width on power-up — 80

(10 char/inch) or 132 columns (16.5 char/inch).

2.8.3 Features 14 — 20 "Other” Protocol (IBM Emulation)
When you select “Other” for the Protocol feature. you may want to set
Features 14 — 20.
14.

Paper-Out Bell
Paper-Out Bell determines defines whether the printer will sound a

bell when paper-out signal is detected.
15.

Slashed Zero
Slashed Zero gives you the choice of defining how the zero will be
printed — with or without a slash through it.

16.

Auto Line Feed on CR
This feature determines whether the printer performs an automatic
Line Feed (LF) on receiving the Carriage Return (CR) control code.

17.

Active Character Set
Active Character Set defines which graphic set the printer will use
on power up — set A or B (Chapter 7).

18.

Auto Carriage Return on LF
This feature determines whether the printer will automatically per-

form a carriage return on receiving the Line Feed (LF) control code.
19.

Power-Up Print Density

This feature determines the print quality your printer will provide
when it is turned on. It can be draft printing or letter quality selec-

tion (through Feature #20).

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

20.

LQor NLQ
This feature defines the print quality (LQ or NLQ) your printer will
provide when you select LQ/NLQ printing through the software or
Feature #19.

2.9 FACTORY-SET POWER-ON STATUS

Table 2-3 lists initial power-on conditions for printer operating parameters.
Several parameters are switch-selectable through the set-up menu (Section 2.8)
and may have one of several settings.

Table 2-3 Power-On Status
Program

Selectable

Control

Parameters

Function

Printing status

Power-on Status

On-Line (Ready)

Horizontal pitch

DECSHORP

Set-up feature #13
(10 or 16.5 cpi)

Vertical pitch
Forms length

DECVERP
-

DECSLPP

6 lines/inch
Set-up feature #4
(11 or 12 inches)

Active position
Compatibility mode
Underlining
Double underlining

DECIPEM
SGR
SGR

column 1, line 1
Set by menu
Disabled
Disabled

Bolding

SGR

Disabled

Italics
Superscript
Subscript

SGR
SGR
SGR

Disabled
Disabled
Disabled

Printing density
GL character set
GR character set
GO to G2
G3
Autowrap mode
Horizontal tabs

DECDEN

Set by menu
Same as GO
Same as G2
Set by menu
U.S. ASCII
Set by menu
Set at every eighth column

Unsolicited status

DSR

HTS, DECSHTS,
DECHTS

Disabled

Table 2-3 Power-On Status (Cont)
Program

Selectable

Control

Parameters

Function

Power-on Status

Vertical tabs

VTS, DECSVTS,

Set at every line

DECVTS

Carriage return/

DECCCRNLM

Set by menu

LNM

Set by menu

DECSCL

Set by menu

Newline mode
Linefeed/Newline
mode

Conformance level

2.10 SELF-TESTS
The LA75 has self-tests that check internal logic and printhead/carriage opera-

tion. If the selected test fails, the FAULT indicator on the front panel starts
blinking. Refer to the manual Installing and Using the LA75 Companion
Printer or call Digital Field Service.

2.10.1 Power-Up Self-Test
This self-test automatically checks out the internal logic at power-up.

2.10.2 Printing Self-Test
You can start this test by pressing the FORM FEED switch while turning

power on. The printer should print 94 ASCII characters continuously in a 80-

character wide swirl pattern (Figure 2-6).
To stop the test, turn the printer off.
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Figure 2-6 Printing Self-Test

PRINTER COMMUNICATION, CONTROLS, AND SELF-TESTS

PART 2
LA75 IN DEC-COMPATIBLE
MODE

CHAPTER 3 CHARACTER PROCESSING

CHAPTER 4 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR
TEXTMODE.

. . .

.. ... ... .. Coe e

e e51

CHAPTER 5 STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES
CHAPTER 6 GRAPHICMODE

. . . . . . ... ... ... ......

115

—

p—

CHARACTER PROCESSING
This chapter describes how the LA75 processes printable and control characters
when operating
in DEC-compatible text mode.

The printer’s ability to perform certain printing and control functions depends

on the Conformance Level setting. The LA75 can be set to two Conformance

Levels — Level 1 or Level 2.
Level 1 provides basic functionality and emulates the Digital LA50 printer,
while Level 2 supports expanded functionality and emulates the Digital LA210
printer.
You can select the Power-up Conformance Level through the set-up menu using

the PRINTER ID feature (Section 2.8). The LA50 ID provides Level 1 performance. The LA210 and Level 2 [Ds provide Level 2 performance.
Level 1 functions are always active in the LA75. Level 2 functions become ac-

tive only if the printer is set as a Level 2 device.
For more information on Level 1 and 2 functions. refer to Section 4.4.

3.2 CODING STANDARDS
The LA75 processes characters according to the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) standard X3.4-1977. The ANSI standard is based on the character’s category, either printable or control. Categories are defined by the

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).
Control characters do not print. They affect how the printer processes, sends.

and prints characters.

3.3 7-BIT AND 8-BIT ENVIRONMENTS
The LA75 is set to send and receive 7- or 8-bit data through the Set-up menu

(Section 2.8). In a 7-bit environment, 128 control and printable character codes
are available (Figure 3-1). In an 8-bit environment, 256 control and printable

character codes are available (Figure 3-2).
Figure 3-1 is the standard U.S. ASCII character set table. Figure 3-2 is the

8-bit DEC multinational character set. Figure 3-3 is the ISO multinational (ISO
Latin-1) character set.

A character set table shows all the characters in a character set. The table also
shows the codes for each character. You can represent a character by its position (column/row) in a table. For example, you can represent the character H in
Figure 3-1 as 4/8 (column 4/row 8). This manual uses this notation.

The 8-bit character set has twice as many characters as the 7-bit set. The left

half of the 8-bit set is identical to the 7-bit set.
You can tell whether a character is a printable character or a control character

by looking at its position in the character set table.
There are two sets of control characters, CO and C1. CO characters are 7-bit
(that is, the eighth bit is set to 0) control characters. The characters from 0/0

to 1/15 in both tables are CO control characters. C1 characters are 8-bit (the
eighth bit is 1) control characters and are located in the positions from 8/0 to
9/15 in the 8-bit table. You can use C1 characters only in an 8-bit environment.
You can use two sets of printable characters at one time. The printer stores

the two active sets in areas called GL (graphic left) and GR (graphic right). GL
characters are 7-bit printable characters. The characters from 2/1 to 7/14 in

both tables are GL characters. GR characters are 8-bit printable characters.
The characters from 10/1 to 15/14 in the 8-bit table are GR characters. You

can use GR codes only in an 8-bit environment.

CHARACTER PROCESSING

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CHARACTER PROCESSING

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3.4 CHARACTER SET MAPPING
The printer lets you use one GL set and one GR set at a time. Each set has 94
character codes reserved. In a 7-bit environment, you can use the 94 GL set
codes (2/1 to 7/14). In an 8-bit environment, you can use the 94 GL set codes
plus the 94 GR set codes (10/1 to 15/14).
Printable characters are usually grouped into sets of 94. You can map any two

available sets into GL and GR. If your application requires more then 188
printable characters, you can designate up to four sets as G0, G1, G2, and G3.

Then, you can map one of those sets into GL or GR for printing.
Figure 3-4 shows how to designate and map character sets in an 8-bit environment. Figure 3-5 shows hows to designate and map character sets in a 7-bit

environment. Paragraph 4.5.5 describes the commands to select specific character sets.

NOTE: There are 96 printable characters in the ISO supplemental character
set. All 96 characters can be accessed from the GR set using locations 10/0 and
15/15 as printable characters. (See Figure 3-3.)

3.5 CONTROL CHARACTERS
A control character is a single character that starts, modifies. or stops a

printer function. Control characters do not print.
The LA75 recognizes two sets of control characters, CO and C1 (Figure 3-2).
The following paragraphs describe the function of each control character.

NOTE: Each control character is assigned a mnemonic (abbreviation of the
control function name).

CHARACTER PROCESSING

8-BIT SET IN USE

SO OR LS1

‘

SI OR L@

MAPPING}

552 OR LS2

LSTR

$S3 OR LS3

LS2R

DESIGNATING) ESC..IF ESCI.. IF ESCI. IF ESCT..IF
|GRAPHIC
IREPERTORY|

@ LS3R

MA-G2T8-82H

and Mapping Character Sets
Figure 3-4 Designating
(8-Bit Environment)

RIS

7-BIT SET IN USE

MAPPING)

SI OR LS¢

@ soonis:

..J
GO

r
DESIGNATING} ESC | ...IF

ESC | ...IF

@ SS2 OR LS2

r
ESC | ..IF

@ SS3 OR LS3

ESC | ..IF
s

REPERTORY|

LJTM

MA-O280-82C

Figure 3-6 Designating and Mapping Character Sets

(7-Bit Environment)

CHARACTER PROCESSING

3.5.1 CO (7-Bit) Control Characters

Table 3-1 lists t;lj;e CO control characters that the LA75 printer recognizes.
Table 3-1 CO (7-Bit) Text Mode Control Characters
Mnemonic

Column/Row

Function

Printer Control Functions

Bell

0/7

BEL
BS

Backspace

0/9
0/10
0/11
0/12
0/13

HT
LF
VT
FF
CR

Horizontal tab
Line feed
Vertical tab
Form feed
Carriage return

0/8

Character Set Control Functions

0/14
0/15

SO
SI

Shift out
Shift in

Communication Control Functions

0/0

NUL

Null

1/1

DC1

XON

DC3
CAN
SUB

XOFF
Cancel
Substitute

ESC

Escape

1/3
1/8
1/10

1/11

NOTE: The printer ignores all other ASCII CO control characters.

3.5.1.1 Bell (BEL) - This character causes the bell to sound for 300 milliseconds (0.3 seconds).

3.5.1.2 Backspace (BS) - This character decreases the active column by one
column space at the current horizontal pitch (Paragraph 4.5.2). If the active

column is at the left margin, the BS character is ignored.
If the active column is one column beyond the right margin. you can use a BS

character to print or overprint at the right margin.

3.5.1.3 Horizontal Tab (HT) - A horizontal tab is a preselected print position

on a line. When the printer receives an HT character. the printhead advances

to the next tab position on the line. Starting at column 9. the printer has de-

fault horizontal tab stops every 8 columns. Each time you change the horizontal pitch (Paragraph 4.4.1). the horizontal tab positions change appropriately.
NOTE: Horizontal tab stops can be changed only if you activate Level 2
(Level 2/LA210) functions.
When there are no more tab stops to the right of the active column, the right
margin feature selection in the set-up menu controls the effect of an HT char-

acter (Section 2.8).
B

[f the right margin switch is set to wrap and HT is received, a
printable character (including a space) causes the printer to perform

a carriage return and line feed.
°

[f the right margin switch is set to truncate and HT is received. the
printer ignores printable characters (including spaces) until the ac-

tive column returns to the printable area.
3.5.1.4 Line Feed (LF) - This character increases the active line by one line at
the current vertical pitch (Paragraph 4.4.2). If less than one line remains
unprinted on the current page, the LF character sets the active line to the

top-of-form position on the next page.

3.5.1.5 Vertical Tab (VT) - A vertical tab is a preselected line setting on a
page. When the printer receives a VT character, the active line moves to the
next tab position on the page. The printer has default vertical tab stops at
every line. (This effectively causes the VT character to be processed as a LF

character.)
Each time you change the vertical pitch (Paragraph 4.4.2), vertical tab positions

change appropriately.
NOTE: You can set and reset the vertical tab stops only if the printer is set to
Level 2 conformance (Paragraph 4.6.5).

CHARACTER PROCESSING

3.5.1.6 Form Feed (FF) - This character advances the active line to the next

top-of-form position (Paragraph 4.5.4).
3.5.1.7 Carriage Return (CR) - This character sets the active column to the
left margin.

3.5.1.8 Shift Out (SO) - This uharacter selects the G1 character set as the GL
active character set.

3.5.1.9 Shift In (SI) - This character selects the GO character set as the GL
active character set.

3.5.1.10 Null (NUL) - This character does not affect the printer’'s operation.
3.5.1.11 XON (DC1) - This character performs no action. It is sent by the
printer for input buffer control.
3.5.1.12 XOFF (DC3) - This character performs no action. It is sent by the
printer for input buffer control.

3.5.1.13 Cancel (CAN) - Depending on selection of the CAN Control Code fea- |

ture in the set-up menu (Section 2.8), this character can perform one of two
functions:

If the CAN feature is set to “Cancel Control Functions,” the CAN

control character immediately cancels (without executing) any escape

sequence, control sequence, or control string currently being
processed.

If the CAN feature is set to "Kill Buffer,” the CAN character, upon
entering the input buffer, immediately clears the entire input buffer.
The Kill Buffer command acts even if the printer has sent the
XOFF to the host computer.

NOTE: The Kill Buffer command does not reset the printer to its initial state.
All data including unprocessed control functions in the buffer are lost.
Therefore. it is strongly recommended that you follow the Kill Buffer command

with the DECSTR reset sequence (Section 5.6) to put the printer in a known
state.

The Kill Buffer command is intended to be usgd for immediate control purposes and should be used with caution.

3.5.1.14 Substitute (SUB) - This character immediately stops the processing of
any escape or control sequence. The SUB character prints as the error charac-

ter (reverse question mark).

3.5.1.15 Escape (ESC) - This character introduces an escape sequence

(Chapter 4).

3.5.2 C1 (8-Bit) Text Control Characters
Table 3-2 lists the C1 control characters the LA75 printer recognizes.

Table 3-2 C1 (8-Bit) Text Mode Control Characters
Column/Row

Mnemonic

Function

Printer Control Functions
8/11

PLD

Partial line down

9/12

PLU

Partial line up

8/4

IND

Forward index (Level 2)

8/5

NEL

Next line (Level 2)

8/8

HTS

Horizontal tab set (Level 2)

8/10

VTS

Vertical tab set (Level 2)

Character Set Control Functions

8/14

SS2

Single shift 2

8/15

SS3

Single shift 3

Communication Control Functions
9/0

DCS

Device control string

9/11

CSI

Control sequence introducer

9/12

String terminator

9/13

OSC

Operating System command

9/14

Privacy Message

9/15

APC

Application Program Command

NOTE: The printer ignores all other C1 control characters.

CHARACTER PROCESSING

3.5.2.1 Partial Line Down (PLD) - This character advances the paper 1/12 inch

(Paragraph 4.5.1).
3.5.2.2 Partial Line Up (PLU) - This character reverses the paper 1/12 inch

(Paragraph 4.5.1).
3.5.2.3 IND, NEL, HTS, and VTS - These control characters are Level 2 functions (Section 4.5.6).

3.5.2.4 Single Shift 2 (8S2) - This 'character selects the next printable character from the G2 character set (Paragraph 4.5.5).

3.5.2.5 Single Shift 3 (SS3) - This character selects the next printable character from the G3 character set (Paragraph 4.5.5).

3.5.2.6 Device Control String (DCS) Introducer - This character introduces a
device control string. See Paragraph 4.1.3 for a description of DCS format and

functions.

3.5.2.7 Control Sequence Introducer (CSIl) - This character introduces a control sequence. See Paragraph 4.1.2 for a description of the control sequence

format.

3.5.2.8 String Terminator (ST) - ST terminates a control string. See Paragraph
4.1.3 for a description and a list of control strings.

3.5.2.9 OSC, PM, and APC - These control characters introduce unused control
strings. See Paragraph 4.1.3 for more information on unused control strings.

3.6 PRINTABLE, SPACE AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
The LA75 usually interprets characters in the column/row range of 2/0 to 7/14

(GL) and 10/1 to 15/14 (GR) as printable characters. The space (SP) character
is 2/0.
The LA75 prints a character at the active position on a page, defined by the

active column and active line. Each printable or space character then increases
the active column by one active column. advancing the printhead one column at
the current horizontal pitch (Paragraph 4.5.2).

CHAI IACTER PROCESSING

[f the active column is at the right margin, the right margin feature selection

in the set-up menu (Section 2.8) controls the effect of the next printable character as described in Paragraph 3.5.1.3.

The DEL character (7/15) is normally ignored.

The characters at 10/0 and 15/15 have a special effect on printer operation. In
text mode, the printer normally processes the 10/0 character as an error character (reverse question mark). However, if a 96-character set resides in the GR.

this character is processed as a normal printable character.
The printer normally ignores the 15/15 character. However, if the 96-character

set resides in the GR, this character is processed as a normal printable

character.

3.7 CHARACTER CELL
The LA75 prints characters using up to 12 dots (Draft mode) or up to 24 dots
(LQ mode) vertically. However. the printhead has only 9 actual elements at

1/72" spacing. Characters larger that 9 must be printed on a second pass of
the printhead. Table 3-3 shows which dots are addressed for various printing

modes and characters.

Table 3-3 Character Generation
Character Group/Attribute

Printhead Elements Used

Draft

LQ (2 Pass Printing)

Capitals

1—7

1 —14

Lower Case

3—9

5 — 18

Ascenders

1 and 2

1—4

Descenders

‘8and 9

15 — 18

ASCII Underline Character

VT100 Line Drawing

1 — 12 (2 pass)

1 — 24 (4 pass)

1 — 12 (2 pass)

1 — 24 (4 pass)

(SGR) Underline

(SGR) Double Underline

10 and 12 (2 pass)

19 and 23 (3 pass)

Characters

Digital Technical

Composite Characters

CHARACTER PROCESSING

This chapter describes the text mode control functions and their use in controlling the LA75 text printing in DEC mode. These control functions are grouped
into two categories — Conformance Level 1 and Conformance Level 2
functions.

4.1 ESCAPE SEQUENCE, CONTROL SEQUENCE, AND

CONTROL STRING FORMATS
The LA75 uses escape and control sequences standardized by the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) to control many of its functions. Other
LA75 functions have escape sequences defined within the parameters of the
ANSI standard. ANSI standards X3.4-1977 and X3.32-1973 define the escape

and control sequences used in this chapter.

4.1.1 Escape Sequence Format
The LA75 format for an escape sequence is as follows.

ESC
1/11
Escape
Sequence

Introducer

I
2/0 to 2/15
~

F
3/0 to 7/14

Intermediate

Final

Characters

Character

(0 or more

{1 character)

characters)

The escape sequence introducer is the ESC control character (1/11). When the

printer receives the ESC character. the printer processes the following charac-

ters as part of the escape sequence. rather than printing them. The characters
must be in the correct escape sequence format to be processed correctly.

A character received after ESC in the 2/0 to 2/15 range is an intermediate

character. (The numbers 2/0 and 2/15 indicate a position in a character set table, such as Figure 3-1.) The printer may process zero, one, or more intermediate characters in a valid LA75 escape sequence.

A character received after ESC in the 3/0 to 7/14 range is a final character.
The final character indicates the end of the escape sequence. The intermediate

and final characters together define the function of the sequence. The printer

performs the action specified by the sequence. then continues to process received characters as specified.

The printer ignores sequences it does not recognize.
Example

Action:
Assign the U.S. ASCII character set as the GO set.

Sequence:
ESC

{

1/11

2/8

4/2

|
|

Intermediate Character

Final Character

Escape Sequence Introducer

4.1.2 Control Sequence Format
The LA75 format for a control sequence is as follows.

CSI

P..P

9/11

3/0 — 3/15

2/0 — 2/15

4/0 — 7/14

Control

Parameter

Intermediate

Final

Sequence

Characters

Character

(0 or more

(1 character)

characters)

[Introducer

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

The control sequence introducer (CSI) is the 8-bit C1 control character (9/11).

You can also use the equivalent 7-bit sequence ESC [ (1/11. 5/11). See Section
4.2 for C1 control characters and their equivalent 7-bit sequences. After receiving the CSI, the printer stores (but does not print) the next received characters
as part of the sequence. The characters must be in the correct format. as

follows.
Parameter characters are characters received after the CSI. in the 3/0 to 3/15

range. A parameter character (usually an ASCII digit) modifies the action or
interpretation of the sequence. All parameters are interpreted as unsigned decimal integers. with the most significant digit sent first. Leading zeros are al-

lowed but are not necessary. Plus and minus signs are not allowed in parameter
characters. You must separate parameters with a semicolon ; (3/11).

The printer processes two types of parameters, numeric and selective. A numeric parameter (Pn) indicates an actual numeric value. such as a tab or mar-

gin location. A selective parameter (Ps) indicates a numeric value associated
with a specific action. For example, in the LA75’s device status report se-

quence (Section 5.4), the Ps value of 21 indicates a hardware failure.
NOTE: This manual uses Pn, Ps, or P plus another letter to represent param-

eter characters (except when their actual value is shown). Since parameter values vary, their column/row positions appear as asterisks **¥*,
[f you do not specify a decimal value for a parameter character in a sequence,

the printer assumes a value of 0. There is a limit of 16 numeric parameters per

string. The printer will store the first 16 parameters received and ignore those
that follow.
[f the printer receives an out-of-range parameter in a string of parameters. the
printer ignores the out-of-range parameter and processes the other parameters.
When all parameters in a sequence are out of range or the sequence is invalid,

the printer performs no action.

[f the printer receives the ? character (3/15) at the beginning of a string of
parameters. the printer notes the event for later reference. When the final

character of the string is received, the presence or absence of this event determines the validity and meaning of the sequence.

[f the printer receives the ":” (3/10). "<” (3/12), "=" (3/13), or “>" (3/14)

characters while processing a parameter string, or if the ? (3/15) character is
received after the first character of a parameter string, the printer processes

the sequence but performs no action.
Characters received after the CSI in the 2/0 to 2/15 range are intermediate
characters. The printer may process zero, one, or more intermediate characters
in a valid LA75 control sequence.

A character received after the CSI in the 4/0 to 7/14 range is a final character.
The final character indicates the end of a control sequence and defines the

function of the sequence. After receiving the final character. the printer per-

forms the action specified by the sequence. The printer ignores sequences it

does not recognize.
Example

Action:

Set horizontal pitch to 17.1 characters per inch.
i

Sequence:
B

CSI

9/11

3/4

7/7

Final Character

Parameter Character

Control Sequence Introducer

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.1.3 Control String Format

A device control 'string is a delimited string of characters that is used in a data
stream as a logical entity for control purposes.

Control string format is as follows:
String

Protocol

Introducer

Selector

Data String

String Terminator

DCS
OSC

P.PIL.IF

D...D
D...D
D..D

ST
ST
ST

APC

D...D

where:

P...P are parameters
I...I are intermediate characters
F' is a final character

D...D is data

ST is a string terminator.

LA75 string introducers are the C1 control characters Device Control String
(DCS), Operating System Command (OSC), Privacy Message (PM), and
Application Program Command (APC). The OSC, PM., and APC characters introduce unused control strings and perform no action.

In the LA75, the DCS character introduces three control strings (described later in this manual).
°

Sixel Graphic mode
Assignment of User-Preference Supplemental Character Set

(DECAUPSS)
.

Level 2 character downline-loading (DECDLD)

DCS (9/0) is an 8-bit control character. You can also express it as ESC P when
coding in a 7-bit system. ST (9/12) can also be expressed in a 7-bit environment
as ESC \ (Paragraph 4.2.2).

Table 4-1 describes LA75 processing of the DCS and unused control string

data.

Table 4-1 Control Strings
8-bit

7-bit

Processing After String

Name

Mnemonics Sequence

Introducer is Received

Device Control

DCS

ESC

Processing begins.

String

9/0

/11

5/0

It a CO character is received.
the printer processes it if
applicable.
If ESC. CAN. SUB. ST. or a

C1 character is received. the
printer enters Text mode and
processes the control

command.

[f the final character is "q”,
the printer exits the protocol

selector and enters the sixel
graphic mode (Chapter 6).

It the final character is “u”.

the printer enters the
DECAUPSS data command

string.
If the final character is ”!”
(in Level 2). the printer enters

the DECDLD data command
string.
If the final character is other

than "q”, "u”. or ”{”. the
DCS data string is ignored

until ESC, CAN, ST, SUB, or
a C1 character is received.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Table 4-1 Control Strings (Cont)
8-bit

Name

7-bit

Processing After String

Mnemonics Sequence

Introducer is Received

Operating System

OSC

ESC

If ESC. CAN. SUB. ST. or

Command

9/13

1/11

5/13

a C1 character is received,
the printer enters Text mode
and processes the control
command. Otherwise. the data
string is ignored.

Privacy Message

ESC

9/14

1/11

5/14

Application Program

APC

ESC

Command

9/15

1/11

Same as above.
Same as above.

5/15

4.1.4 Error Handling
This section describes what happens when the printer receives invalid param-

eters, invalid sequences. or sequences with embedded control characters. The
printer generally recovers from such errors by performing as much of the se-

quence as possible.
Sequences not recognized by the printer are ignored.

If a sequence has an invalid selective parameter. the printer ignores
the sequence.

If a numeric parameter exceeds its numeric limit. the printer uses
the maximum allowable value for that parameter (unless otherwise

specified in this manual).
If a sequence includes CO control character, except for cancel (CAN),

substitute (SUB), or escape (ESC), the printer processes those char-

acters as if they were received before the sequence. The printer then
continues to process the sequence.
A CAN (1/8) or SUB (1/10) character in a sequence cancels that se-

quence and returns the printer to Text mode character processing.
The CAN or SUB is then processed.
An ESC (1/11) character in a sequence cancels that sequence. The

printer then starts processing another escape sequence.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

[f the printer receives a C1 control character within an escape sequence, the sequence is aborted and the C1 character is processed if
it is applicable to the printer. If the 10/0 character is received. it is

treated as a SPACE (2/0) character, within the sequence. The 15/15
a DELETE (7/15) character. and is
ignored.

character is processed as

NOTE: 15'15 character is treated as DELETE and is ignored if it is found
inside the escape sequence.
®

It the printer receives a GR character during an escape or control
sequence, this character will be stripped of the elghth bit and pro-

cessed as a GL character.
.

CO and C1 control characters do not change the status or processing
of a single shift (SS2 or SS3) control character (Paragraph 4.4.5.2).

The printer processes control characters in sequence.

4.2 7-BIT AND 8-BIT CONVERSIONS
You do not need to convert from 7-bit to 8-bit coding. However. such conversion could improve the data transmission rate. If you need to operate in a 7-bit

environment. you must convert 8-bit codes into 7-bit equivalents.

4.2.1 Converting 7-Bit Control Sequence to Equivalent 8-Bit
C1 Control Character
The 8-bit C1 control functions are coded as 2-character sequences of the form

ESC Fe. Fe is a final character from columns four and five on the standard
8-bit character chart (Figure 3-2). The following steps convert the C1 equivalent
ESC Fe control functions to 1-byte C1 control characters.
1.

Remove the ESC character.

Set the eighth bit of the final character.

Clear the seventh bit of the final character.

4.2.2 Converting 8-Bit C1 Control Character to Equwalent
7-Bit Control Sequence
The 8-bit C1 control characters are coded as single characters from columns
eight and nine on the standard 8-bit character chart (Figure 3-2).

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

You can convert C1 control characters to equivalent 2-character ESC Fe se-

quences as follows.
1.

Insert an ESC character.

Clear the eighth bit of the C1 code.

Set the seventh bit of the C1 code.

Table 4-2 summarizes valid LA75 C1 control characters and their 7-bit escape

sequence equivalents. (You can also refer to Paragraph 3.5.2.)

Table 4-2 Control Function Equivalents
8-Bit

7-Bit

Control Character

Escape Sequence

PLD (8/11)

PLU (8/12)

SS2 (8/14)

SS3 (8/15)

ESCK(1/11 4/11)
ESC L (1/11 4/12)

ESC N (1/11 4/14)

ESC O (1/11 4/15)

DCS (9/0)

ESC P (1/11 5/0)

CSI (9/11)

ESC[(1/11 5/11)

ST (9/12)

ESC\(1/11 5/12)

OSC (9/13)

ESC ](1/11 5/13)

PM (9/14)
APC (9/15)

ESCA(1/11 5/14)
ESC _(1/11 5/15)

Level 2 Only

IND (8/4)

ESC D (1/11 4/4)

NEL (8/5)

ESC E (1/11 4/5)

HTS (8/8)

ESC H (1/11 4/8)

VTS (8/10)

ESC J (1/11 4/10)

4.2.3 Converting 8-Bit GR Selection To 7-Bit Equivalent
Use the character set designation sequences in this chapter (Paragraph 4.4.5)
to designate the desired set as G2. Then. for any GR code, first send an SS2
function followed by the code with the eighth bit set to 0.

4.2.4 C1 Control Character Transmit and Receive
You can specify processing of C1 control codes (C1 Transmit or Receive —
S8CI1T, S7C1T. S8C1R, S7C1R) only if Conformance Level 2 is selected. If

you select Level 1, the printer transmits and receives C1 codes according to
the noted power-up defaults (S7C1T and S8C1R).

C1 Transmit
ESC

/11

2/0

4)7

(S8C1T)

Transmit C1 control codes as 8-bit C1 codes.

If you select a 7-bit environment (in the set-up menu). the printer ignores this
sequence.

ESC

/11

2/0

4/6

(S7C1T)
— power-up default

Transmit C1 control codes as equivalent 7-bit ESC Fe sequences.

C1 Receive

ESC

/11

2/0

3/7

(S8C1R)
— power-up default

Enables processing of 8-bit C1 control characters. Equivalent 7-bit ESC Fe sequences are also processed.

ESC

/11

2/0

3/6

(S7C1R)

Disables processing of 8-bit C1 control characters in 8-bit environment. The
eighth bit of a received C1 character is stripped. The printer processes it as a
CO character. ESC Fe sequences are also processed.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.3 DEC CONFORMANCE LEVELS
The LA75 can be set for one of two conformance levels that provide basic or

enhanced operating and printing capabilities, interface features. and compatibility with appropriate software.

A Conformance level is a fixed group of functions common to a class of devices
that satisfies certain hardware/software compatibility requirements. New func-

tions require the creation of new conformance levels that are supersets of the
levels below it. Each level consists of a number of functions which must be

included in all products that implement that level of conformance.
The LA75 can operate as a Level 1 or a Level 2 device.

Level 1 provides basic printing and interface functions that are always active in

the LA75, are LA50-compatible. and can be activated by selecting the LA50

Printer ID in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).
Level 2 adds the expanded printing functions that can be activated by selecting

the Level 2 or LA210 Printer ID in the set-up menu. The Level 2 device al-

ways has the Level 1 functions active plus a subset of additional functions.
You can select the conformance level with the Printer ID feature in the set-up
menu (Section 2.8) and/or by using the DECSCL control sequence (Section 5.1).

4.3.1 Level 1 and Level 2 Function Summary
Table 4-3 lists Level 1 and 2 functions and lets you differentiate between the

two devices. The functions are described in detail in Chapters 4. 5, and 6.
The LA75 is shipped as a LA50-compatible (Level 1 functionality) device.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Table 4-3 Level 1 and 2 Functions
Level 1

Level 2
Horizontal Form Handling

Horizontal pitch

Set Page Width Alignment (DECHPWA)

(DECSHORP)

Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM)

—

Horizontal Tab Set Control Code (HTS)

Set Horizontal Tab Stops (DECSHTS)

Horizontal Tab Set (DECHTS)
Tabulation Clear (TBC)

Clear All Horizontal Tabs (DECCAHT)
Vertical Form Handling

Vertical Pitch
(DECVERP)

Page Length (DECSLPP)

Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM)
Vertical Tab Set Control Code (VTS)

Vertical Tab Set (DECVTS)

Set Vertical Tab Stops (DECSVTS)
Tabulation Clear (TBC)

—

Clear All Vertical Tabs (DECCAVT)
Active Position Control

Partial Line Down (PLD)

Forward Index Control Code (IND)

Partial Line Up (PLU)

Next Line Control Code (NEL)
Autowrap Mode (DECAWM)

Carriage Return New Line Mode
(DECCRNLM)

Linefeed New Line Mode (LNM)
Horizontal Position Absolute (HPA)

Horizontal Position Relative (HPR)
Vertical Position Absolute (VPA)
Vertical Position Relative (VPR)

Character Set Selection
Single and Locking

Shifts (SS2. SS3, SI.

Character Set Downline-loading

(DECDLD)

SO, LS2. LS3. LSI1R,
LS2R. LS3R)

Select Character Set

Sequence (SCS)

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Table 4-3 Level 1 and 2 Functions (Cont)
Level 1

Level 2
Character Set Selection

Assign User-Preference

Supplemental Character

Set (DECAUPSS)
ANSI Announcer Sequence

Print Speed. Printing Quality and Highlighring Selection
Print Density Selection

Select Unidirectional/Bidirectional

(DECDEN)

Printing (DECUPM)

Selection of Graphic
Rendition (SGR)
DEC Private Select

Graphic Rendition

(DECSGR)
Optional Form Handling

Automatic Sheet Feeder
Control (DECASFC)

Status, Report, and Reset Requests (Chapter 5)

Set Conformance Level (DECSCL)
[IBM Proprinter Emulation

Mode (DECIPEM)
Product Identification (DA)

Printer Status Request (DSR)
Printer Status Report (DSR)

Reset To Initial State (RIS)
Soft Terminal Reset (DECSTR)
Load Factory NVR Settings

(DECFNVR)
Graphics

Sixel Graphic (Chapter 6)

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.4 LEVEL 1 FUNCTIONS
The following sections describe the LA75’s Level 1 escape and control sequences for text processing.

4.4.1 Horizontal Pitch (DECSHORP)
Horizontal pitch determines the width and spacing of printed characters. It is

specified in characters per inch. The LA75 has 8 horizontal pitch selections: 5.
6. 8.25, 8.55. 10, 12, 16.5 and 17.1 characters per inch (Figure 4-1). You can

use any combination of pitch selections on a single print line.
When the horizontal pitch changes (Figure 4-2). the printer converts the active

column to the grid of the new horizontal pitch. If the conversion yields a fraction, it is rounded to the next highest integer. This rounding allows printing on
the correct column grid for the new pitch.

—

You can use the following formula to determine the precise location of the ac-

tive column when the horizontal pitch changes.
Newcol = 1 + Newpitch x (Oldcol-1)

Oldpitch
where:
Newcol

the new active column,

Newpitch

the new pitch in characters per inch,

Oldcol

the old active column, and

Oldpitch

the old pitch in characters per inch.

NOTE: The division performed abouve is integer division. Any nonzero remain-

der is rounded to the next higher integer.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

DECSHORF.

set

horizontal

pirteh

This

line

printed

cpi.

This

line

printed

cp1.

test

This

lane

printed

cpi.

This

line

prainted

cpi.

This line 1s printed at 16.5 cpi.

This line is printed at 16.5 cp1.
This line is printed at 16.5 cp1.
This line 1is printed at 16.5 cp1.

This

laimne

135

printed

cpa.

This

line

printed

cpi.

This line is printed at 17.1 cp1.
This line is printed at 17.1 cp1.
This

line

printed

cpai.

This

line

printed

cp1i.

Ty oo =
Thhas

. W
A dm e

s
iAs

mry-amntecd
printed

at
at

S
S5

Thi=s

lime

i35

primted

cpai.

This

lime

prinmnted

cpi.

This

line

is printed at 8.25 cpi.

This

line

printed

This

line

printed

8 .55

cpi.

This

line

printed

8.55

cpi.

10cpa

12cpi

16.5cpi

17.0epp

HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHAHHEH S

8.25

oo
-

cpi.

4
-

oop ol
oopi.

Hop i
A

B8.25cpi
A

HHHHH

B8.55cpi

A
MA-O293-86

Figure 4-1 Horizontal Pitch Selections

m“

I
I
I

I
I
i

]

I
I
I
!
|

I
I

|
|

I
I

e
T

|
I
|

IR~ I PR
=

"
S — o
o
o

S———

1 INCH
4

(=]

1]
| [ofelr[]n]
|

10 CHARACTERS/INCH

12 CHARACTERS/INCH

‘—04 }0—— FRACTIONAL COMPONENT
NEW ACTIVE COLUMN
MA-10,085

Figure 4-2 Changing Horizontal Pitch

Changing horizontal pitch sets the left and right margin to column 1 and the
maximum column at the new horizontal pitch, respectively.
Horizontal pitch also determines if single- or double-width character printing
occurs.

Horizontal Pitch

Maxium Characters

Character

Characters/Inch

Per Line

Width

Single

16.5

132

Single

17.1

137

Single

Double

8.25

Double

8.55

Double

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

The printer considers double-width characters to be one column wide (not two

columns wide). Therefore, tab stops are reset to the appropriate double-width

column grid when horizontal pitch is changed (as with all pitches).

The following control sequences set single-width horizontal pitches.
Name

Mnemonic

Set

DECSHORPCSI

horizontal

Sequence

Function

Sets pitch to default

9/11

7/7

of 10 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to default

9/11

3/0

of 10 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/1

117

10 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/2

7/7

12 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/4

7/1

16.5 char/inch.

CSI

9/11

3/1

pitch

Sets pitch to
77

17.1 char/inch.

The following control sequences set double-width horizontal pitches.
Name

Mnemonic

Set

DECSHORPCSI

horizontal

Sequence

Function

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/5

717

5 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/6

717

6 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/8

717

8.25 char/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/1

3/2

717

8.55 char/inch

pitch

NOTE: If you use any other parameter values. the printer ignores them.

4.4.2 Vertical Pitch (DECVERP)
Vertical pitch determines the spacing between lines of text. Vertical pitch is

specified in lines per inch. Changing vertical pitch does not change the height
of the printed character or top-of-form position. The printer has six vertical
pitch selections: 2. 3. 4. 6. 8, and 12 lines per inch (Figure 4-3).

DECVERF:

Eight
Eight
Eight

vertical

lines per
lines per
lines per

pitch

inch
inch
inch

test

(Z2).
(Z).
(2).

Eight
Eight
Eight

limes
lines
lines

per
per
per

inch
inch
inch

(12).
(1Z).
(12).

Six

lines

per

inch

(none).

Six

lines

per

inch

(1)

Six
Six

lines
lines

per
per

inch
inch

(none).
(none).

Six
Bix

lines
lines

per
per

inch
inch

(1).
(1)

TWEIVE 1iREE R RSR HI):

Two

lines

per

inch

(4).

Two

lines

per

inch

(14).

Two

lines

per

inch

(4).

Two

lines

per

inch

(14).

Two

lines

per

inch

(4).

Two

lines

per

inch

(14).

Figt § 1iRSE BER IRGR 13):

Three

lines

per

inch

(5).

Three

lines

per

inch

(15).

Three

lines

per

inch

(5).

Three

lines

per

inch

(15).

Three

lines

per

inch

(5).

Three

lines

per

inch

(15).

Four

lines

per

inch

(&).

Four

linmes

per

inch

(16).

Four

lines

per

inch

(&).

Four

lines

per

inch

(1&6).

Four

lines

per

inch

(&6).

Four

lines

per

inch

(16).
MAa-0284-86

Figure 4-3 Vertical Pitch Selections

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

When you change vertical pitch. the printer converts the active line to the grid
of the new vertical pitch. If the conversion yields a fraction. the active line is
rounded to the next integer. Then. after receiving a paper motion command.

the printer advances the paper to the next line on the new vertical grid.
The following control sequences set vertical pitch.
Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set

DECVERP

CSI

Sets pitch to default

9/11

7/10

of 6 lines/inch.

CSI

9/11

3/0

7/10

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/1

17/10

6 lines/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/2

17/10

8 lines/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/3

17/10

12 lines/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/4

7/10

2 lines/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/5

17/10

3 lines/inch.

CSI

Sets pitch to

9/11

3/6

7/10

4 lines/inch.

vertical

Function

pitch

Same as above

4.4.3 Page Length (DECSLPP)
You can select the default page length by the Form Length feature in the setup menu (Section 2.8). The factory setting is 11 inches. An 11-inch page gives

you 66 lines at the default vertical pitch of 6 lines per inch.
The page length control sequence lets you set the page length by selecting the
number of lines (0 to 252) per page at the current vertical pitch. If the distance

specified exceeds 21 inches. the printer sets the page length to the maximum

of 21 inches.

You can select any page length from 1/12 inch to 21 inches with the number of
lines at the current vertical pitch. If the page length is set to 0. the printer
ignores paging and treats all form feed characters as line feed characters.

Table 4-4 shows the lines per page and page length as a function of vertical
pitch.

Table 4-4 Page Length and Vertical Pitch
Page

Vertical Pitch Selected (Lines per Inch)

Length

(Inches)

Lines per Page

3.67

n/a

4.25

n/a

8.5

n/a

102

132

112

168

126

168

252

NOTE: Where n/a is indicated, the particular page length is not available for
that vertical pitch selection.

If vertical pitch changes after page length has been set. the page may contain

a nonintegral number of lines. In this case, the fractional line portion is added
to the last full line on that page. For example, suppose you select 22 lines per

page at 6 lines per inch, then change the vertical pitch to 8 lines per inch. The

form length is 29 lines per page now, with 28 lines at 8 lines per inch and 1
line at 6 lines per inch preserving the selected physical form length of 3.67
inches.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

The following control sequence sets the page length.
Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set

DECSLPP

CSI

9/11

*** 7/4

the top-of-form position

and sets the page length

page

length

Function

Sets the active line to

to Pn units of the current
vertical pitch.

4.4.4 Partial-line Paper Motion (PLD and PLU)
The following escape sequences let you advance or reverse paper in 1/12 inch
increments. These sequences modify the printer’s active line counter.

Name

Partial

Mnemonic

Sequence

(8-bit)

(7-bit)

PLD

ESC

1/11

4/11

ESC

Line

Function

Advances paper 1/12 inch.

Down

Partial
Line

PLU

Reverses paper 1/12 inch.

1/11~ 4/12

4.4.5 Character Set Selection
This section describes how to select character sets in both the 7- and 8-bit en-

vironments. You can assign and select any of the available character sets in the
printer.

4.4.5.1 Select Character Set Sequences (SCS) - The Select Character Set

(SCS) escape sequences are used to assign any of the LA75 character sets to
the GO, G1. G2. and G3 character set designators. These designators define
the contents of the GL and GR printable sets and may be controlled with the
single and locking shift command (Paragraph 4.4.5.2).
Table 4-5 lists the character sets and SCS sequences.

‘Table 4-5 Assigning Character Sets
GO

Character Set

ESC (B

ESC)B

ESC*B

ESC + B

U.S. ASCII

ESC (A

ESC)A

ESC*A

ESC+ A

ISO Great Britain

ESC (5

ESC)5

ESC * 5

ESC + 5

DEC Finland

ESC (R

ESC)R

ESC*R

ESC + R

ISO France

ESC (9

ESC)9

ESC *9

ESC + 9

DEC French Canada

ESC (K

ESC ) K

ESC*K

ESC + K

ISO Germany

ESC(Y

ESC)Y

ESC*Y

ESC+Y

ISO Italy

ESC (J

ESC)J

ESC * J

ESC + J

JIS Roman

ESC (1

ESC)I

ESC *

ESC + 1

JIS Katakana

ESC (6

ESC)6

ESC *6

ESC + 6

DEC Norway/Denmark

ESC(Z

ESC)Z

ESC *Z

ESC + Z

[SO Spain

ESC (7

ESC) 7

ESC * 7

ESC + 7

DEC Sweden

ESC( <

ESC) <

ESC* <

ESC + <«

|
ESC (0

ESC)0

ESC * 0

ESC + 0

ESC( >

User-Preference

Supplemental
DEC VT100 Special

Graphic

ESC) >

ESC* >

ESC + >

DEC Technical

ESC *°

ESC + ¢

[SO Norway/Denmark

ESC (*

ESC)'

ESC ( 4

ESC) 4

ESC * 4

ESC + 4

DEC Holland

ESC ( =

ESC) =

ESC* =

ESC + =

DEC Switzerland"

ESC(%6

ESC)%6

ESC* %6 ESC + % 6

DEC Portugal

N/A

ESC-A

ESC . A

ISO Supplemental

ESC(%5

ESC)% 5

ESC* %5 ESC + % 5

ESC/A

DEC Supplemental

NOTE: The SCS escape sequences (Table 4-6) select a DEC character set as an
error fallback. Digital reserves the right to redefine these sequences in the future to agree with new ISO standards. Digital recommends that you use the
sequences above in new application software. rather than the following
sequences.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Table 4-6 Fallback Escape Sequences
GO

Character Set

ESC(C
ESC(Q
ESC(E
ESC(H

ESC)C
ESC)Q
ESC)E
ESC)H

ESC*C
ESC*Q
ESC*E
ESC*H

ESC+C
ESC+ Q
ESC+ E
ESC+H

DEC Finland
DEC French Canada
DEC Norway/Denmark
DEC Sweden

4.4.5.2 Single and Locking Shifts - In a 7-bit environment. only the GL active
character set is available. Sequences that refer to the GR active character set
have no effect in a 7-bit character environment.

In an 8-bit environment, the printer uses the GL active character set if a
character’s eighth bit is 0, and the GR active character set if the character’s
~ eighth bit is 1.

Table 4-7 lists the escape sequences and control characters that assign the
available character sets to the active character set (GL or GR).

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Table 4-7 Selecting an Active Character Set
Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Single

SS2*

ESC

The character following SS2 is

1/11

4/14

selected from the G2 character

shift 2

Function

set.

Single

SS3*

shift 3

ESC

The character following SS3 is

1/11

4/15

selected from the G3 character
set.

Shift In

SI}

n/a

The GO character set becomes
the GL active character set.

Shift Out

SO}

n/a

The G1 character set becomes
the GL active character set.

Locking

LS24

shift 2
Locking

LS34

shift 3
Locking

LS1R¢

shift 1

ESC

The G2 character set becomes

1/11

6/14

the GL active character set.

ESC

The G3 character set becomes

1/11

6/15

the GL active character set.

ESC

The G1 character set becomes

/11

7/14

the GR active character set.

ESC

}

The G2 character set becomes

/11

7/13

the GR active character set.

ESC

The G3 character set becomes

1/11

7/12

the GR active character set.

right
Locking

LS2R}

shift 2
right

Locking

LS3R}

shift 3
right

SS2 and SS3 only affect the first printable character following the single-

shift sequence. The printer executes nonprintable characters (such as the

space character. control characters. escape sequences. and control sequences) as usual.

In an 8-bit environment. the eighth bit of the printable character following
the single shift (§S2 or SS3) is ignored thus providing a character code in

- the range of 2/1 to 7/14. The 10/0 character clears the single shift code and
Is processed as an error character (¢,).
t

A locking shift (SI, SO. LS2. LS3, LS1R. LS2R. OR LS3R) remains in effect until the printer receives another locking shift.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.4.5.3 Assign User-Preference Supplemental Character Set (DECAUPSS) When the printer receives the DECAUPSS control string, it assigns the char-

acter set defined by the parameter and data in the string as the UserPreference Supplemental (UPS) Character set. By using the appropriate SCS
sequence (Table 4-5), you can designate this character set into GO. G1. G2. or

G3. On power up, the UPS character set is defined by the UPS feature in the
set-up menu (Section 2.8).

The DECAUPSS sequence is as follows:

DCS Ps

D..D

9/0

2/1

T7/5

¥* **

9/12

***

Ps = 0 or none

94-character set

96-character set

D....D are the data that include the intermediate and final characters of the

SCS sequence used to explicitly select the supplemental character set. Possible
data values are:

2/5

3/5

DEC Supplemental

(Ps must be 0)

[SO Supplemental

(Ps must be 1)

JIS Katakana

(Ps must be 0)

DEC Technical

(Ps must be 0)

3/0

I
4/9

>
3/14

4.4.5.4 ANSI Announcer Sequence - The following escape sequences conform

to the draft ANSI standard dpANS X3.134.1-19XX, 8-Bit Structures and
Rules. and can be used to load ASCII and ISO character sets.
ESC

Load ASCII set into GO and invoke it

/11

2/0

4/12

into GL.
Load ISO Supplemental set into G1

and invoke it into GR.

ESC

1/11

2/0

4/13

Same as above.

ESC

Load ASCII set into GO and invoke it

/11

2/0

4/14

into GL only.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.4.6 Printing Quality Selection (DECDEN)
The following control sequences select draft. memo, near letter quality, or letter
quality printing (Figure 4-4).
The LA75 can print in one of four printing densities:

Draft — which is font-generated.

Memo — which is created by bolding the draft font text.

Near Letter Quality — which is created by dot fill-in of the draft

font text.
4.

Letter Quality — which is font-generated.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Select

DECDEN

Cst

density

Function

Defaults to draft

9/11

2/2

17/10

printing (250 cps).

CSI

Defaults to draft

9/11

3/0

2/2

7/10

printing.

CSI

Selects draft

9/11

3/1

2/2

17/10

printing (250 cps).

CSI

Selects letter

9/11

3/2

2/2

17/10

quality (LQ)
printing (32 cps).

CSI

Selects memo printing

9/11

3/3

2/2

7/10

(125 cps).

CSI

Selects near letter

9/11

3/4

2/2

17/10

quality (NLQ)
printing (42 cps).

NOTE: If you use any other parameter values. the printer will ignore the
sequence.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Dratt

of Draft printing.
This is an example
“

Memo

This is an example of Memo printing.
NLG

This

example

NLQ@

printing.

example

printing.

This

MA-0166-868

Figure 4-4 Print Quality Examples

4.4.7 Highlighting Your Printing (SGR)
There are two Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) sequences that you can use to

highlight the printing text. ANSI-standard SGR sequence lets you highlight
using bolding, underlining, double underlining, and italics. DEC Private SGR
controls superscript, subscript, and overline printing.
4.4.7.1 Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) Sequence - One or more SGR high-

light attributes may be specified in one sequence. All printable characters following the SGR sequence are printed using the selected highlighting features.

until the next SGR sequence. The printer evaluates Ps parameters sequentially
from left to right.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Select

SGR

CSI

;

9/11

***

3/11

***

/13

graphic
rendition

Function

0 or none

Turns off bold, italics, underline, and

(3/0)

double underline printing.

1(3/1)

Turns on bold printing.

3 (3/3)

Turns on italics printing.

4 (3/4)

Turns on underline printing.

Turns off double underline printing if

selected (Paragraph 4.12.1).
21 (3/2 3/1)

Turns on double underline printing.
Turns off underline printing if selected.

22 (3/2 3/2)

Turns off bold printing.

23 (3/2 3/3)

Turns off italics printing.

24 (3/2 3/4)

Turns off underline and double underline
printing.

I you selected to bold the text while using memo-quality printing (SGR=1) the

printer performs bolding by overprinting the text.

When you enter graphic mode, the printer stores the current parameter values
for the SGR sequence. When you return to text mode, the printer uses these
parameters.

The printer ignores all other parameter values received in this control sequence. but still executes the valid parameter values. The printer executes the
parameters in the order received.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.4.7.2 DEC Private SGR Sequence - You can use the DEC Private SGR se-

quence to print superscript and subscript characters or to highlight with an

overline.

CSI

Ps =0 or none

9/11

3/156

***

;

3/11

ces

*¥*¥*

6/13

Turns off superscripting. subscripting.

and overline printing.

—

Ps =4

Turns on superscripting and turns off

3/4

subscripting if it was selected.

Turns on subscripting and turns off

3/5

superscripting if it was selected.

Turns on overline.

3/6

=
-

3/2

Turns off superscripting and subscripting.

3/4

Turns off overline.

3/6

All DEC Private SGR parameters are retained while in the Graphic mode.
When you enter this mode. the printer stores the current parameter values for

the SGR sequence. When you return to the text mode, the printer uses these
parameters.

Superscripted and subscripted text characters are printed at half-height on the
-

active line. The printer does not change horizontal and vertical pitch in this
case.

4.4.8 Automatic Sheet Feeder

[f the printer is equipped with the automatic sheet feeder (ASF), you can use

the DECASFC control sequence to insert and eject cut sheet paper.
Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

ASF Control

DECASFC

CSI

9/11

***

2/1

17/6

I[f Ps = 0 or none, eject current page:
= 1, insert next sheet:
> 1, same as Ps = 1.

When the LA75 receives the insert command. it first ejects the current sheet
(if already inserted). When the LA75 receives the eject command. it ejects the
current sheet into the output bin and stops.

NOTE: When the ASF is not installed. the printer interprets the DECASFC
command as a Form Feed control.

4.4.8.1 Other ASF Control Functions - In addition to the DECASFC com-

mand. the following conditions and commands also control automatic operation
of the sheet feeder.
Feature

Paper Sheet Installed

No Paper

FF control code

Ejects current sheet

Inserts new sheet

received.

and inserts new sheet.

only.

Active position

Waits for printable

advances beyond

character. then ejects

character, then

bottom margin.

current sheet and

inserts new sheet.

inserts next sheet.
FF switch (on

Ejects current sheet

Inserts new sheet.

Performs line feed.

No action

the front panel)
pressed.
LF switch (on

the front panel)
pressed.

On power up

Ejects paper only.

Waits for printable

waits for printable

character. then

Inserts new sheet.

inserts new sheet.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.4.8.2 ASF Error Conditions - If an ASF error is detected and DSR unsoli-

cited reporting is enabled (Section 5.5), the LA75 sends the error code 32 to
the host computer. The error may be caused by one of the following conditions.
1.

No paper is detected during the insertion.

The sheet feeder is unable to eject paper.

If the printer cannot detect paper during the insertion or is unable to eject

paper, it becomes de-selected and the READY indicator goes off. If you then
press the READY switch, the printer turns on the READY indicator and again
attempts to insert paper and continue operation.

4.5 LEVEL 2 FUNCTIONS
The following sections describe LA75’s Level 2 functions, escape and control
sequences for text processing. When set as a Level 2 device (LA210compatible), the LA75 provides all Level 1 and Level 2 functions.

4.5.1 Set Page Width Alignment (DECHPWA)
The user may define the limits of the print area. This limit will not change.

unless modified by another DECHPWA command.

The print area (Figure 4-5) shows absolute limits to center text on the platen.

This area is the base reference for horizontal positioning and is expressed in
inches.

The following DECHPWA sequence sets the left reference and print area
width.

|
CSI

Pnl

;

Pn2

9/11

***

3/11

***

2/2

7/3

The first parameter (Pnl) defines the absolute left reference in 1/12 inch incre-

ments (measured from the leftmost position of the printhead). The second pa-

rameter (Pn2) defines the absolute width of the print area in 1/12-inch
increments.

Limits on Pnl and Pn2 are as follows:
Pnl = 0 to 95

[f Pnl is greater than 95, value of 95 is used.
Pnl changes the physical location of column 1 and tabs.

Pn2 = 1 to 96

(Pnl + Pn2) must not be greater than 96 (8 inches).

—

If Pnl + Pn2 is greater than 96. the Pn2 value is equal to 96 minus

Pnl value.

Pn2 must be at least 1 in order to define a printable area.
Pn2 defines the new rightmost printable position.

The column value of the horizontal tabs remains unchanged by DECHPWA.

The physical locations of the horizontal tabs shift by the same amount as the

left reference shift.
[t the active position is less than the new column 1, the printer sets the active
position to the new column 1. If the active postion is greater than the new

rightmost printable position. the action of the next printable character is deter-

mined by the right margin (Autowrap/Truncate) setting.

NOTE: This sequence clears the previously set left and right margins. The left
margin is set to the new column 1, while the right margin is set to the rightmost position defined by Pnl and Pn2 (left reference and width).

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE
P

PAPER

(USER INSTALLED)

MARGINS AND TABS
ARE COLUMN ORIENTED

AN
“.\\

N, N\

TAB

SETTING

AREA/ ARv
PRINT
(USER DEFINED
\

\.%

\\ |

IN INCHES)

MA - 010086

Figure 4-5 Print Area and Horizontal Settings

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.2 Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM)
The left and right margins define the limits for the carriage return and end-ofline (wrap/truncate) functions (Figure 4-5). These left and right margins are

column-oriented and modified by the following explicit and implicit commands.
Explicit

Set margins.

Reset to the factory default.

[mplicit

Set horizontal pitch (clears margins).

Set print width alignment (clears margins).

The following sequence sets the left and right margins.

CSI

9/11

***

3/11

***

7/3

The left margin specifies the first printable position on a line while the right
margin specifies the last printable position on a line. The LA75 prints only

within the left and right margins inclusive. Therefore, the active position may
not be placed outside the left and right margins.

Pl is the left margin setting. This is a numeric value representing the number

of columns from the leftmost position at which to set the left margin. At power
on, the printer sets Pl to the leftmost position (column 1).
Pr is the right margin setting. This is a numeric value representing the number

of columns from the leftmost position at which to set the right margin. On
power on. the printer sets Pr to the rightmost position {(column 80 at 10
characters/inch).
If

Pl = 0 or none, no change is made to the left margin.

Pr = 0 or none. no change is made to the right margin.

I[f

Pr > the rightmost printable position. the printer sets the right margin at the right-most printable position.

Pl > Pr. the printer ignores the command.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

If the active position is less than the left margin specified by this command.
then the printer sets the active position to the new left margin.

If the active position is greater than the right margih specified by this com-

mand. then the action of the next printable character is determined by the
right margin (Autowrap/Truncate) setting.

If you change the horizontal pitch. this will reset the left and right margin to
their printable limits (column 1 and rightmost position. respectively). If you
redefine the print area. this resets the margins.

4.5.3 Horizontal Tabs
Horizontal tabs are column-oriented. predefined positions on the print line
(Figure 4-5). The printer has a maximum of 137 possible horizontal tab stops.

one for each column at 17.1 characters/inch. Tab stops are associated with column numbers that relate to the print area, not physical positions on the paper.

So, when you change the horizontal pitch. the physical positions of the tab
stops also change.
You can set or clear tab stops independently or in groups. You can set stops or

clear them, regardless of margins or horizontal pitch. However. setting a stop

already set has no effect; the same is true for clearing a stop already cleared.
At power up, there is one horizontal tab setting at every eighth column.

The following sequences set or clear horizontal tab stops.
4.5.3.1 Horizontal Tabulation Set Control Code (HTS) -

ESC

1/11

4/8

HTS C1 control code is 8/8.

Sets a horizontal tab stop at the active column.

4.5.3.2 Set Horizontal Tabulation Stops (DECSHTS)

cCSst

;... ..

9/11

**%

3/11

***x

7/5

This sequence sets a horizontal tab stop at the specified Pn columns. You can

specify up to 16 tab stops in any order within one sequence. The maximum
number of tab stops is 137 per line.

If Pn is greater than 137, the printer ignores this parameter.

4.5.3.3 Horizontal Tabulation Set (DECHTS)
ESC

/11

3/1

Sets a horizontal tab stop at the active column.
NOTE: This sequence is provided for compatibility with previous products. It
may not be supported in future products and is not recommended.

4.5.3.4 Tabulation Clear (TBC)
ST

CSI

9/11

3/0

6/7

Clears a horizontal tab at the active column.
CSI

9/11

3/2

6/7

Clears all horizontal tab stops.

CSI

9/11

3/3

6/7

Clears all horizontal tab stops.

SRR

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.3.5 Clear All Horizontal Tabs (DECCAHT)
ESC

/11

3/2

Clears all horizontal tab stops.
NOTE: This sequence is included for backward compatibility only and should
be used in new products.

4.5.4 Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM)
The top vertical margin specifies the first printable line. The bottom vertical

margin specifies the limit for the last printable line (Figures 4-6 and 4-7). The
LA75 prints only on the lines between the top and bottom margins. inclusive.
Depending on vertical pitch. the printing may or may not be allowed exactly at

the bottom margm
If you try to set the active line above the top margin or below the bottom

margin, the active line advances automatically to the top margin of the next
page. For example, a line feed (LF) received at the bottom margin causes the
printer to perform a form feed.

When you set the top and bottom margins. first make sure the distance be-

tween the top of form and the desired margin is a multiple of the vertical pitch

selected. If not, change the vertical pitch. When you use the following
DECSTBM sequence, set Pnl and Pn2 equal to the desired margins in inches.

multiplied by the current vertical pitch in lines per inch.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

FORM
LENGTH

BOTTOM MARGIN
(LAST PRINTABLE LINE)
FORM

PERFORATION

Figure 4-6 Form Length and Vertical Settings

The following sequence sets the top and bottom margins.
CSI

9/11

3/11

7/2

Pt is the top margin setting. This is a numeric value representing the number
of lines from the top of form at which to set the top margin. At power up. Pt
is equal to top of form (line 1).

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Pb is the bottom margin setting. This is a numeric value representing the num-

ber of lines from the topmost position on a page at which to set the bottom
margin. At power up. Pb is equal to the bottommost position (line 66 at 6 Ipi).

If Pt equals O or none, no change is made to the top margin.

If Pb equals 0 or none, no change is made to the bottom margin.
If Pb is greater than the current form length., the LA75 sets the bottom

margin to the last print line of the form.
I[f Pt is greater than Pb, the printer ignores this command.
[f the active position is less than Pt, the printer sets the active position to the

new top margin specified by the Pt value. If the active position is greater than
the new bottom margin. the active line immediately moves to the top margin
on the next page.
If the VPA and VPR commands (Paragraphs 4.5.6.8 and 4.5.6.9) cause the ac-

tive position to move off the current page. the next printable character moves

the active line to the top margin of the next page.

If the LA75 receives a LF while at the bottom margin. or when less than 1 line
remains on the page. the printer sets the active line to the top margin of the
next page.

When you change the page length. the top margin is reset to line 1 and the

bottom margin is set to the bottom-most position of the new page length.

You can print one superscript character with the PLU command if the active
line is at the top margin. If the printer receives more PLU commands. they are
ignored.

You can print one subscript character with the PLD command if the active line
is at the bottom margin. If the printer receives more PLD commands. they are

ignored.
When you change the vertical pitch. the physical position of the top and bot-

tom margins do not change relative to the new vertical pitch. Line spacing
beginning with the top margin corresponds to the new vertical pitch.

FORM

je
[

o
[

o 1234567890abcdefghij o
1/2in.|

50TTOM
MARGIN

[°

1/3 ifl ©

h """"""

o 1234567890abcdefghij
]

|o 1234567890abcdefghij
-]

123456 7890abcdefghij

- -®

3LPITO2LPI

|
i

i
i

[

]
i

: 1234567890abcdefghij

o 1234567890abcdefghij o
S

o 1234567890abcdefghij

o 1234567890abcdefghij o

r 1/3 in.
N1/2§
I

EQUAL OR
- GREATER
THAN 1/2
INCH

oicoo oo oo onD O 00

1/2in.|

0,000 C0 0O OOC O S0 0O

1/3in. }

TOP MARGIN

TOP OF FORM

l-?

1234567890abcdefghij

1234567890abcdefghij
UNUSED
1234567890abcdefghij

0,00000000000
00 o060
HA

SWITCHING FROM
3 LPI

NOTE:

ALWAYS START PRINTING AT TOP MARGIN OR AT SOME DISTANCE FROM TOP MARGIN THAT IS A MULTIPLE OF THE
CURRENT VERTICAL PITCH. NEVER PRINT BELOW BOTTOM MARGIN.
MA-0281.-86

Figure 4-7 Top/Bottom Margins and Pitches
R

4.5.5 Vertical Tabs
The printhead advances to a preselected line when the printer receives a vertical tab control character (Figure 4-6). The printer has 252 maximum possible
vertical tab positions. You can set and clear vertical tabs the same way as hori-

zontal tabs.
Vertical tab stops are associated with specific line numbers. not physical posi-

tions on the paper. So. changing vertical pitch changes the printing position of
vertical tabs on the paper. At power up. vertical tabs are set at every line. The

following sequences set or clear vertical tab stops.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.5.1 Vertical Tab Set Control Code (VTS)

ESC

1/11

4/10

VTS C1 control code is 8/10.

Sets a vertical tab stop at the active line.

NOTE: If activé line is not at an integer line number due to a PLU or PLD
command, the printer sets the tab stop at the next integer line.
4.5.5.2 Vertical Tab Set (DECVTS)
ESC

/11

3713

Sets a vertical tab stop at the active line. (See the Note in the paragraph
above.)

NOTE: This sequence is provided for compatibility with previous products. It
may not be supported in future products and is not recommended.
4.5.5.3 Set Vertical Tab Stops (DECSVTS)
CSI

;

9/11

***

3/11

;

3/11

***

7/g

Sets vertical tab stop at the specified Pn.
You can specify up to 16 vertical tab stops in one sequence: the maximum
number of vertical tab stops is 252. If Pn is greater than 252. the printer
ignores this parameter.

4.5.5.4 Tabulation Clear (TBC)
CSI

9/11

3/1

6/7

Clears one vertical tab at the active line (see Note in Paragraph 4.5.5.1).
CSI

9/11

3/4

6/7

Clears all vertical tab stops.

4.5.5.5 Clears All Vertical Tabs (DECCAVT)

ESC

/11

3/4

Clears all vertical tab stops.
NOTE: This sequence is provided for compatibility with previous products. It
may not be supported in future products and is not recommended.

4.5.6 Active Column And Active Line Commands
In addition to the Level 1 control characters listed in Chapter 3, the following
Level 2 control functions affect active column and active line.
4.5.6.1 Forward Index Control Code (IND)

ESC

1/11

4/4

IND C1 control code is 8/4

Performs a Line Feed (LF) function.
This sequence is not affected by the Line Feed New Line Mode (LNM) or

Automatic Carriage Return settings in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).

4.5.6.2 Next Line Control Code (NEL)
ESC

1/11

4/5

NEL C1 control code is 8/5

Sets the active column to the left margin and increments the active line.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.6.3 Autowrap Mode (DECAWM)
CSI

9/11

3/16

3/7

6/8

Sets Autowrap mode.
CSI

9/11

3/16

6/12

Resets to Truncate mode.
The power-up status of this function is selected with the right margin feature

in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).

If the Autowrap mode is set and the active position is beyond the right margin,
all of the printable characters that follow this command are printed on the next
line starting at the left margin. If the Autowrap mode is reset (off), all print-

able characters received beyond the right margin are ignored (truncated).
4.5.6.4 Carriage Return New Line Mode (DECCRNLM)

CSI

9/11

3/15

3/4

3/0

6/8

Sets CR New Line mode.

CSI

9/11

3/15

3/4

3/0

6/12

Resets CR New Line mode.
The power-up status of this function is set through the Automatic Line Feed
feature in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).
The Carriage Return New Line Mode defines the function of Carriage Return

(CR). If this function is set and a CR is received, the printer sets the active
position at the left margin of the next line. If the function is reset and a CR is
received, the printer returns the active position to column 1 of the current line.

4.5.6.5 Linefeed New Line Mode (LNM)

CSI

9/11

3/2

3/0

6/8

Sets LF New Line mode.
CSI

9/11

3/2

3/0

6/12

Resets LF New Line mode.

- The power-up status of this function is set through the Automatic Carriage
Return feature in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).
The Linefeed New Line Mode defines the function of Line Feed (LF). If LNM
is set and a LF character is received, the printer advances the active position

to the left margin of the next line. If LNM is reset and a LF is received, the

printer advances the active position to the same column on the next line.

4.5.6.6 Horizontal Position Absolute (HPA)
S

CSI

‘

9/11

¥**¥*

6/0

Sets the active column to column Pn.
It Pn is greater than the right margin. the active position moves beyond the
right margin. If Pn is less than or equal to the left margin, the active column

moves to the left margin.

4.5.6.7 Horizontal Position Relative (HPR)

CSI

9/11

G/1

Advances the active column by Pn columns.

If the active column plus Pn is greater than the right margin, the active posi-

tion moves beyond the right margin.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.6.8 Vertical Position Absolute (VPA)
CSI
9/11

***

§G/4

Sets the active line to line Pn.

If the Pn positimh is below the bottom margin, the next printable character

causes the active line to move to the top margin of the next page. If the Pn
position is less than the active line, the next printable character advances the
active line to the top margin of the next page.
4.5.6.9 Vertical Position Relative (VPR)
CSI

9/11

***

6/5

Advances the active line by Pn lines.

If the active line plus Pn is greater than the bottom margin. the next printable
character causes the active line to move to the top margin of the next page.

4.5.7 Unidirectional/Bidirectional Printing (DECUPM)
In Text mode, printing occurs in either a unidirectional (left-to-right) or bidirectional pattern. In Graphic mode, printing is done unidirectionally ONLY. The
following sequences control printing direction.
CSlI
9/11

?
3/15

4
3/4

1
3/1

h
6/8

Sets to unidirectional (left to right) printing.
CSI

9/11

3/15

3/4

3/1

6/12

Sets to bidirectional printing.

4.5.8 Downline-Loadable Character Set
The LA75 allows you to create up to 96 unique characters that you can store

for future use. These user-defined characters create a Dynamically Redefinabl

e
Character Set (DRCS). You can load this character set into the font memory of

the printer and subsequently designate and invoke it as a regular resident char-

acter set. Once the fontis loaded. the printer processes the user-defmed characters in the same way as all other character sets.

The fonts may consist of 94- or 96-character sets that are loaded into the
printer buffer using the downline-load (DECDLD) control string.

The 94-character set may include characters in positions from 2/1 through 7/14.

- The 96-character set may include characters in positions from 2/0 through
7/15.

On printer power down. the loaded DRCS character sets are lost.
4.5.8.1 Designing a Character Set - You can design characters for your char-

acter set by defining a pixel bit pattern for each character. The pixel is the
smallest element of a picture (individual dot on the paper). Each pixel in a

character font is represented by a bit with a binary value of 1 (on) or 0 (off).
One (1) specifies foreground (printing) and zero (0) specifies background (no

printing).

Pixel bit patterns are loaded in a font using sixels. Each sixel specifies one
vertical column of six pixels.

For example, to design the character A using 7 x 10 character cell. you have
to designate which pixels are to be printed. Figure 4-8 shows Character A
pattern.

—*{7 PIXELS [+—
I

(O NORGRORGHORG.

(ORGRORORGR
§ N6

NORsE
E X X ROR®)

10 PIXELS

SRSl
R X R JORe
(ORCRSRONON
X RO
(ONCRORGROR
RN
(ORORORGROR RORO)
CNORONORSR
NON

CO0O®O00

Figure 4-8 Pixel Pattern
for Character A

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

After you establish what your character A is going to look like, you then break |
the pixels in this character cell into sixels as shown in Figure 4-9. The column
numbers here designate the order in which the sixels will be sent to the
printer.

In each column (sixel), the least significant bit corresponds to the top pixel and
the most significant bit corresponds to the bottom pixel. Because the character
height (10 pixels) is not a multiple of six, the columns on the bottom of the
character cell consist of only four bits each. (The two highest order bits, b4 and
b5, are ignored.)

1234567
bo |00 OO0 OCOO
bt

loooeo
oo

looe
o e 0o o] UPPER

loecooeo

COLTMMS,

b4 l@mcocoo0o00e

(e o @0 e e e

bO |l®e c0o0
0O e

|lec oo oo el

LOWER

o0 o000
0] COLUMNS

b3 looooooo

9101112131415
M A-OBS 1-83

Figure 4-9 Character A in Sixel Pattern

After you have broken the designed character into sixels. you can convert the
binary values of each sixel to its equivalent character. Because sixel column
codes are restricted to characters with the range of ? (3/15) to ~ (7/14), you
must add an offset of hexadecimal 3/15 (decimal 63) to each sixel column value.

Thus, binary value 000000 is converted to hexadecimal 3/15, binary 110101 is
coverted to hexadecimal 7/4 (3/5 + 3/15), and binary 111111 is converted to
hexadecimal 7/14 (3/15 + 3/15).

After converting the binary sixel codes to hexadecimal values (using the offset),

you then convert the resultant value for each sixel to its equivalent character

using the ASCII table in Figure 3-1. Figure 4-10 shows the conversion procedure for the sample character A.

After you desigx}ed your DRCS character set using the conversion procedure
described, you can then downline-load these characters using the DECDLD de-

vice control string.

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

4.5.8.2 DECDLD Control String - The downline-load control string consists of
the Device Control String (DCS) introducer and protocol selector followed by

the Select Character Set (Dscs) command string.
The introducer and protocol selector format is as follows:
DCS

Pfn ;

Pen

9/10

*** 3/11

***

Pss

;

3/11

*** 3/11

3/11

;

***

3/11 ***

Pemw;

Pcmh ;

Pess

*¥*

***

3/11

The Dscs string format is as follows:
Dscs Sxbpl Sxbp2 ... Sxbpn
ST
4.5.8.2.1 DCS Introducer Parameters - The introducer and protocol selective

sequence parameters control the operation of the font load function. If a param-

eter is omitted, it is replaced by the default value.
DCS

9/0

Device Control String Introducer

DCS is an 8-bit control character that initiates the DECDLD control
string. DCS can also be expressed as ESC P (1/11 5/0) in 7-bit
coding.

Pfn

Font Number

This parameter specifies the DRCS buffer to be loaded. The LA75
has only one DRCS font buffer. You can use two values. 0 and 1

(default) to load this DRCS buffer. The printer ignores DECDLD
sequences that attempt to load any other buffer.
Pen

Starting Character Number

This parameter selects the location of the first character in the font
buffer to be loaded. Parameter value 0 starts loading at character
location 2/0. parameter value 1 at character location 2/1. Value 95
starts loading at character location 7/15. (Refer to ASCII table in
Figure 3-1.)

If more than one character
is to be loadled, the locations are filled
;

consecutively, starting with Pcn. until the last legal location is
reached.
NOTES:

If the Character Set Size parameter (Pcss) is 0 (94-character
set), the

If the Pcss parameter is 1 (96-character set), the default value for

default value for Pcn is 1 (2/1).
Pcn is 0 (2/0).

ESCAPE AND

CONTROL

SEQUENCES

Erase Control
g
A
This parameter determines which previously loaded characters are

erased while new characters are loaded into the buffer. Valid Pe param&ters are.

0 = erase all charactersin the DI LCS set (d@fault}

1 = erase only the characters that arebeingloac
2 = erase all charactersin the DRCS set

me cm use P:e value 1 to cha \rsr one m' mwm chamcters in the

Spec

& chg mcwrs Characters

that are eramd and am nm: wdfihmd are m*m; as error characters
(x).
Pemw -

Character Cell Width

This parameter defines the width (in pmels) of the chamcter cell matrix. Some values also specify cell height. For example, if you use 2

as the width parameter. the cell heightis set to 10, takmg prece-

denm wer any &pemfled Pflfllh C@ll Hetght) pmamemr in the sequerme

Pcmw values are as follows:

'0
= 9 (device default -

LA75 Standard Text width)

= not used (DECDLD sequence is xgnured)

= 5(W) x 10(H)

3=6 x 10

4=17x10

9 =

(LA75 Standard Text width)

10 =10

11 =11

(LA75 Full Cell width)

If the Pcmw value is greater than 11, the printer uses value 11 and

truncates pixels beyond 11.
If you change the Pcmw parameter from a previous DECDLD se-

quence the enmre user—defined DRCS set mrmmly loaded in the
oad

rted. If you make an

xllagal s&lectmn fm‘ the Pamw pa mmmm th@prmter will ignore the

mmamdm' of the load sequence.

Pss

Font Set Size
The LA75 ignores this parameter.

Font Usage

This parameter allows software to treat the font as a text font or a

full-cell font. Full-cell fonts are 11 pixels wide by 12 pixels high
(LA75 maximum cell size); text-cell fonts are 9 by 9 (standard cell

size).

The Pu parameter effectively defines the absolute cell size limits of

the DRCS font. Character cell size defined by Pemw and Pcmh must
fit within these limits. Loaded sixel data which exceeds the limits
set by the Pu. Pcmw. and Pcmh parameters is truncated.
Pu values are:
0 = text (default)
1 = text

2 = tull cell

If you change the Pu parameter from a previous DECDLD sequence.
the entire user-defined DRSC set currently loaded in the buffer is

erased and a new load sequence is started.
Pemh

Character Cell Height
This parameter defines the height (in pixels) of the character cell

matrix.
Pcmh values are as follows:

0 = 9 (default - LA75 Standard Text height, pixels)
=1

2=2

3 =3
4 = 4

o =39

=6
7=17

8=8
9 = 9 (LA75 Standard Text height)
10 =10
11 =11

12 = 12 (LA75 Full Cell height)

If the Pcmh value is greater than 12, the LA75 uses value 12 and
truncates pixels beyond it.
|

If you Change this parameter from a previous DECDLD sequence.

the entire current DRSC set is erased and a new load is started.
100

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

Pcss

Character Set Size

- This parameter defines the size of the character set associated with
the downline-loaded font according to:

Pcss values are as follows:
0 = 94-character set (default), and

1 = 96-character set.
This parameter must be consistent with the selection of the Pcn parameter. If you set Pcn to 0 in order to load a character at location

2/0. you must define a 96-character set by setting Pcss to 1.
Likewise, if you want to load a character into location 7/15. you

must set Pcss to 1 to designate a 96-character set.
!

7/11

Final character

This character signals the end of the parameter list and specifies the
Downline-load (DECDLD) function. The data following this final
character up to the ST character must be in the 2/0 to 7/14 range
and represents the actual font load command string.

4.5.8.2.2 DECDLD Dscs Command String - This string controls the actual
loading of sixel data for the specified characters in the selected character set.
The Dscs command string has the form:
Dscs

Dscs

Sxbpl

Sxbp2

Sxbpn

* % %

* kK

9/12

Select Character Set (SCS)

This SCS designation string defines the character set “name” for
the loaded font, and is used in an SCS escape sequence (see
Paragraph 4.4.5.1) to invoke the font after it is loaded.

The Dscs format is I I F.

The designation string is a set of up to three ANSI intermediate
characters (2/0 through 2/15), followed by a final character (3/0
through 7/14).

The ihtermediate and final characters define the intermediate and
final characters used in SCS escape sequences (Table 4-4).
For example:
If Dscs = B, a loaded 94-character font replaces the US ASCII set.
If Dscs = sp @, the loaded font is defined as an unused DRCS set.
(This Dscs value is recommended for user-defined sets.)

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

101

You can load the Dscs-assigned fonts into GO Gl G2. and G3 using

the appropriate SCS sequences as fmlmWfl
ESC(

Dscs —> GO

ESC)

Dscs —> Gl

ESC *

Dscs —> G2

SRl

ESC + Dscs —> G3

ESC-

Dscs —> Gl

ESC. Dscs —> G2
ESC/

9'4-chamm;@r wt

96-character set

Dscs —>G3

Note that the correct SCS sequence depends on the set size of the
loaded font (94 or 96 chamcters).

, start ed.

Sxbp

Sixel Bit Patterns

The sixel bit patterns defineeach downline-loaded character. The bit

| pattema that define mdmdual ehmw:mrs aresepars ted by the ”:”
character (3/8). Each sixel bit pattern has the fmm
S...S/S...S

where first S...S represents the upper columns (sixels) of the DRCS
character, the slash (2/5) advances the sixel pattern to the lower

columns (sixels) of the DRCS character. and the semnd S...S repre-

sents the lmwar srmi& of th& DRCS chamcmr i

If no sixel dm,aisfipecm fm: a ,;,.rtm 5,,sim' ehammm wcmmn (no
data exists between the ”: ;” delimiters)in the data string, that
character is not loaded. If a chamfiter aImMy amsts at that location

and its erasure has nm been Sp&cxfifflf m the & f’mnca, the character
" is retainedin theloade d set.

If the loaded sixel data exceeds the specified chamcmr width or

height, only those pixels beymd the limits are 1gmred If the sixel
data does not completely fill a character cell, the mmsmg pixels are
set to zero (no printing).

ST
9/12

|
|
Sming Terminator
This is an 8-bit control chamcter that indicates the end of the device

control string. This charmteris equivalent to the 7-bit ESC \ (1/11
5/12) 86@1.1%%

4.5.8.3 Emmpm of UEC'LD Control String - ‘Q;%“ you want to load a
character set with the example character A Mmgned at the beginning of this
section as the first character. To d(} this, you have to enter the following device
control string (Figure 4-10).

DCS 1;1;1;4;;2::0 { B ogcacgo/B?????B; (next character);... ST
DCS — mtmdums the sequence.
1;1;1;4;;2;;,0 — specxfmg loading of the DRCS font buffer number 1. selects the

starting character as character 2/1, selects the erasure of only the characters
that are to be loaded, selects character cell size (7 x 10), selects the full-cell
font size, and selects the size of the chamcmr set (94 characters).

{ — indicates the end of the parameter characters and specifies that this is a
DECDLD control string.

B — defines the loaded font as U. S. ASCII set.
ogcacgo — are the sixel character codes for tha upper columns of the example
,

character A.

| — advances the sixel seqwnce to tlw lwwmm::»lumnfia : M '~:,:~t;he character A.
chamcter A.

; — separates DRCS characters in the set.
ST — indicates the end of the device control string.

]

SAME

COLUMN 3

COLUMN 2 COLUMN
1

100010,

= 42q; 42o+77¢ = 141, =a
=42g;
42g+77g
8

> 100100,=44g; 44g+77g =143g =c

Le 101000 mSO . 50gq
2
8’

—

9
T

110000,

°v8

+ 77

= 147

= 60gq; 60g + 77q = 1574 =0
8’
°¥8
8
8

10
O

1
o|

12
O

13
oN

14
o}

—

S——

—_—

SAME AS

SAME AS SAME AS

SAME AS

COLUMN

MA-0652-83

Figure 4-10 Column Codes for Example 80-Column Font ”“A” Character

104

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR TEXT MODE

STATUS, REPORT

AND RESET SEQUENCES
This chapter desifi;cribes the escape and control sequence you can use to select
certain compatibilty modes, request status reports, and reset the printer.

5.1 IBM PROPRINTER EMULATION MODE (DECIPEM)
The LA75 powers on to operate in the DEC protocol mode. You can also set
the LA75 to run in the IBM Proprinter emulation mode (see Part 3 for IBM

Emulation Mode description). The DEC and OTHER protocol indicators on the
front panel always show the current mode of operation where OTHERis the
IBM Proprinter Emulation mode.
You can use the DECIPEM control sequence as follows:

Mnemonics

Sequence

DECIPEM

ESC

1/11

5/11 3/15 3/5

3/8

6/8

Enter IBM Proprinter Emulation mode from DEC mode.

The printer will not reset to its initial conditions in the IBM Emulation Mode
but will maintain the same conditions that were present when IBM Emulation
Mode was last exited.

DECIPEM

ESC
1/11

[

5/11

3/15

3/5

3/8

6/12

Exit IBM Proprinter Emulation mode and return
to DEC mode.

NOTE: Do NOT use the CSI control character when the printer is in IBM
|
Emulation mode.
105

After the printer exits the IBM emulation mode, it returns to DEC-compatible
text mode maintaining the same conditions that were present before DECcompatible mode was exited.
These settings include the following:

Horizontal and Vertical Pitch

(SGR) Attributes
Print Density
Form Length

Top and Bottom Margins

Print Area

- Horizontal and Vertical Tabs
DSR Solicited/Unsolicited
Active Character Sets (GL. GR, GO — G3)
When you enable the IBM emulation mode or return to the DEC mode, the

paper advances to the next top-of-form.

NOTE: You can also use the front panel protocol switch or the set-up menu
(Sections 2.7 and 2.8) to set IBM or DEC emulation modes.

5.2 SET CONFORMANCE LEVEL (DECSCL)
You can select the functional conformance level (Level 1 or Level 2) that provides interface compatibility with other Digital equipment. Section 4.4 gives a

description of Levels 1 and 2 functions.
The DECSCL control sequence is as follows.

CSI

9/11

***

2/2

7/0

Ps =7

3/7

Resets the printer to initial state and

3/1

enables the conformance Level 1 functions.

Enables Level
2 device attribute (DA) response

(Section 5.3).
=17

3/7

Resets the printer to initial state and

3/2

enables Level 1 and Level 2 functions.

Enables Level 2 device attribute (DA) response.
All other Ps values are ignored.
The Printer ID feature in the set-up menu determines the printer's con-

formance level and device attribute (DA) response at power up.

106

STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

5.3 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION:. DEVICE ATTRIBUTES (DA)
SEQUENCES
The printer sends a reply to a mqwest from the computer for primary or secondary device attributes. The printer sends the reply after printing all data received before the DA request. You select the reply sequences through the setup menu by setting the Printer ID feature (Section 2.8). There are three device
IDs — LA50, LA210, and Conformance Level 2. The printer responds with one

of the three appropriate DA reply sequences.

5.3.1 Primary Device Attributes
The device attribute response depends on the prmter mdenmfimtmn (ID) selected through the set-up menu. The reply sequences provide prmter ID and
option identifications.
DA Request from

Computer

DA reply from printer

CSI

9/11

3/0

6/3

CSI

9/11

6/3

Printer ID = LA50

ESC

1/11

5/11

3/156

3/1 3/7

¢
6/3

The printer sends LA50 reply (1 7).

Printer ID = LA210
-

ESC |

1/11 5/11 3/15

3/1 3/0

3/11

3/3 6/3

The printer sends LA210 reply (1 0).
Printer ID = Level 2

ESC |

1/11

5/11

3/156

3/7

3/2

Ps3

;

***

3/11

3/7

6/3

5
3/11

3/5

3/11

First parameter (7 2) confirms Level 2.

Second parameter (5) indicates that the
Katakana character set is available.

STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

107

‘The third parameter (Ps3) may be 6 (3/6),
indicating that the sheet feeder is
available. (This parameter is sent only if

the sheet feeder is installed.)

The fourth parameter is always 7 (3/7).
indicating that the downline-loading
(DECDLD) is available.

5.3.2 Secondary Device Attributes
The secondary device attribute response provides the printer model ID and
firmware revision level.

For all printer IDs (LA50. LA210. and Level 2). the printer sends the same

secondary DA reply.

DA request from computer

CSI

9/11

3/14

3/0

6/3

DA reply from printer

CSI

9/11

3/14

6/3

ESC

;

Ps2
¢

1/11

5/11

3/14

3/1

3/6

3/11

*** g/3

First parameter (1 6) identifies the

printer as the LA75.

Second parameter (Ps2) identifies the
firmware revision level. Currently
Ps2 =1 (3/1).

108

STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

the

5.4 DEVICE STATUS REQUEST (DSF
The printer sends an answer to a device status request sequence from the computer. The following sequences control the printer status reports and enable or
disable unsolicited reports.
Mnemonic

Name

Device

status

DSR

Function

Sequence

CSI

9/11

6/14

CSI

9/11

3/0

6/14

request

CSI
9/11

3/5

CSI
9/11

3/15

CSI
9/11

3/15

Send extended

6/14

status report.

Disable all unsolicited

3/1

6/14

status reports.

Enable unsolicited brief

3/2

6/14

status report and send
extended status report.

CSI

Enable unsolicited

9/11

3/15

3/3

6/14

extended status reports
and send extended status
report.

'REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

109

reprtabla smms m:mdxtmn such as a fmluw amd subsmuent prmter S |esat)
-

Unsolicited status reports are initially disabled.

When solicited, DSR must be processed on its way mw | the input buffer.
Therefore, the printer immediately responds to DSR. even when the buffer is

full and an XOFF has been sent to the host computer. The printer may receive
and answer an unlimited number of status requests.
The control sequences and contents of the brief and extended printer status
reports are as follows.

Name

Mnemanic Sequence

Brief Report

Device

DSR

status

report
(brief)

3/0

6/14

RIEL

T
ESC |

1/11

3/3

6/14

5/11

Device

DSR
|

No malfunction

;

detected.

Malfunction
|

Extended Report
status

Function

ESC [

detected.

‘
ESC |

No malfunction

1/11

3/0

6/14

detected.

5/11

report

(extended)

followed by:
ESC

1/11

5/11

3/15

3/2

3/0

6/14

ESC

Malfunction

1/11

5/11

3/3

6/14

detected.

followed by:

ESC

;

1/11

5/11

3/15

*** 3/11

...

*%¥* g/14

Where “Pn”

be any valid combination of
is an error code that can

the fol

values.

"ailure

213/23/1)

i rdware fallure. *
Communication failure.}

122(3/2 3/2)
23 (3/2 3/3)
24 (3/2 3/4)

Input buffer overflow.=+

Printer deselected.

Access cover open.

26 (3/2 3/6)
27 (3/2 3/7)
30(3/33/00

L
32 (3/3 3/2)

|
~

Automatic sheet

feec

xmmlled amfl mperates

ure
’cause’d by | paper feed
error.

* The only m_rt&ble hardware failure is a printhead mmtmm fmlure This occurs when the printhead loses track of position and attempts to move be

yond the physical left stop.

)

A communication failure can be a parity or framing error. or an erroneous

character remewed by the prmter

= Failures demgnated as events (mmmumcatmnfm&_ & and | g;;i&r amrflw)
are automatically reset when an extended mmrt msmt and are cmly reDOrtfed whenthey occur—not whm th@y am mmt

5.6 RESET TO INITIAL STATE (RIS)
This sequence resets all DEC-compatible features to the initial state without
running the power-up self-test. Data in the buffer is preserved (including the

DECDLD buffer) and the paper advances to the next top-of-form.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Function

Reset to

RIS

ESC

Reset printer to its

1/11

6/3

initial

DEC-compatible initial

state

state.

NOTE: RIS does not reset IBM-compatible settings.

5.7 SOFT TERMINAL RESET (DECSTR)
This sequence resets all features to DEC-compatible initial state (as with RIS)
without running the power-up self-test. Data in the buffer is preserved and the
paper advances to the next top-of-form.
Name

Mnemonic

Soft

DECSTR

terminal

Sequence

Function

CSI

9/11

2/1

7/0

reset

~ Reset printer to its
DEC-compatible initial
state.

NOTE: DECSTR does not reset IBM-compatible settings.

5.8 LOADING FACTORY NONVOLATILE MEMORY (NVH)
SETTINGS (DECFNVR)
The DECFNVR sequence allows you to enter and store in the printer’'s memory

the set-up menu parameters. You cannot load the power-up or currently active
parameters. The DECFNRV-selected parameters will become active the next

time the printer is powered up.

WARNING: Use of this sequence in the LA75 is limited to 10.000 writes. If
you use this function in your application software. care must be taken NOT to

iuse this sequence more than 10.000 times during the expected lifetime of the

printer.

112

STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

DECFNVR

CSI

Psl ;

Ps2 ...

Psn'!

9/11

*%* 3/11

**+*

¥*% 211

17/5

Factory
NVR Settings

Psl = Set-up feature 1
Ps2 = Set-up feature 2

Psn = Set-up feature n

The DECFNVR parameters must match the select features and values defined
in the set-up menu (Section 2.8).

Example:

The following sequence sets the Print Quality (DEC) feature to LQ printing and
stores it for later use on the next power up.
CSI;::;::2'u

STATUS, REPORT AND RESET SEQUENCES

113

GRAPHIC MODE U
This chapter describes how to send graphm data to the LA75 printer set in the
DEC~compamble mode.

6.1 OVERVIEW

To print graphics, you must use sixe/ data. A sixel is a column of six vertical
pixels. Pixels are the smallest elements of a picture — the individual dots on a
video terminal screen or a dot matrix printer.

A. sixel represems bit map data. Each pixel of a sixel represents one bit of
information. A bit value of 1 means to print a pixel, while a bit value of 0

means to leave a space. The printer decodes the sixel data into bits of information and maps them to the 9 printhead impact elements for printing (Figure

sloo e elee®oo0o0o0|N

0w
O
@®
OO0
0O O0O|®
O

w000 O0O|® 000 @ 0Ofd
3loooole
oo e o0 oo
2looooleoeooolo

O 0OO0OO|®O®
OO0 0N

s—

w——

é’

b0
b1

olooe
ele @000 0|=

6-1).

UPPER

LOWER
CflL?MNS

MA-0651-83

Figure 6-1 Sixel Pattern

115

Sixel data consists of characters each represented by a binary bit pattern. To
encodepicture data into valid sixel data, first convert each six-bit binary sixel
to a hemdemmal value. In each sixel column, the least significant bit corresponds to the mp pixel, and the most significant bit corresponds to the bottom
pixel. Because smel column codes are restricted to charactersin the range from
? (3/15) through~ (7/14), you must then add the hexadecimal offset 3/15 (decimal 63) to each sixel column value. For example, the binary value of 000000 is
verted to hexadecimal 3/15, binary 110101 is converted to hexadecimal 7/4
plus 3/15). and binary 111111 is converted to hexdecimal 7/14 (3/15 plus

After this binary-to-hexdecimal conversion. you can convert the hexadecimal
values for each sixel into the equivalent characters using the ASCII table

(Figure 3-1).

6.2 SELECTING GRAPHIC MODE: THE SIXEL PROTOCOL
You select Graphic mode by sending a special device control smng (DCS). You

include all yaursixel graphic data and formatting mfmmatmnin the device con|

;

trol string.

The formatting fimtm of the device control string is called the sixel protocol

selector. The rest of this section descmbes the features you can select within
the sixel protocc;l selector.

The device c:mtml strmg starts with the DCS
D
control code, called a string in-

troducer. Next comes the protocol selector, ‘which mntmm your formattinginformation. The protocol selectoris followed by the sixel graphic data. Finally.

the string terminator (ST) control code ends the fitrmg The ST code also ends
Graphic mode.
oy

Device Control String (DCS) Format
DCS

Psl

|
|

9/0

String

*#*

/11

Ps2

*R*

Introducer

116

;

Z[11

Ps3

Ps? q

Protocol
Selector

GRAPHIC MODE

{0 or more

characters)

|
3

sixeldata ST

k*xkx

Picture
Data

-k

912
l
{

String

Terminator

6.2.1 String Introducer
When you send the string introducer in Text mode. you identify the start of

the device control string. In the LA75, sixel graphic mode is one of the three

valid uses of the device control strings. You can use the 8-bit DCS (9/0) control
code or the 7-bit ESC P (1/11 5/0) escape sequence for the string introducer.

6.2.2 Protocol Selector
The protocol selector can contain a string of 0, 1, or more selective parameters

(Ps), each separated by a ; (3/11). A valid selective parameter can have 0. 1. or
more digits in the column/row range of 3/0 to 3/9. When you send any selective

parameter with the final character q (7/1). the printer enters the Graphic mode.

The protocol selector has the following format.
Psl

;

Ps2

;

Ps3

¥kk

3/11

k*k*

3[/11

R¥x

k%% 7]

6.2.2.1 Macro Parameter (Ps1) - The Psl parameter selects the fixed horizontal grid size (pixel width) and aspect ratio. This parameter provides for backward compatibility with existing software.

NOTE: For new software, you should set Psl to 0, explicitly define the hori-

zontal grid size (by using Ps3), and the aspect ratio numerator and denominator (by using Pnl and Pn2 of the "Set Raster Attributes” control sequence

(Paragraph 6.3.2.2).

Horizontal

Pixel Aspect Ratio

Image

Grid Size (Inches)

(Vertical:Horizontal)

Scale Size

0 or none

1/144

(0.0069)

200:100 (2:1)

Full Scale

1/144

(0.0069)

200:100 (2:1)

Full Scale

1/180

(0.0056)

250:100 (2.5:1)

Full Scale

1/72

(0.0139)

100:100 (1:1)

Full Scale

Psl

NOTE: The ; (3/11) marks the end of the current parameter.

6.2.2.2 Background Select (Ps2) - This parameter is not used on the LA75.
The printer ignores this parameter.

6.2.2.3 Horizontal Grid Size (Ps3) - The Ps3 parameter defines the horizontal
grid size (pixel width) in decipoints. A decipoint is 1/720 inch. This parameter

and the aspect ratio define the grid size and image scale size.

The printer has horizontal grid size defaults for some decipoint values. The following shows the horizontal grid size specified for each Ps3 value.

Ps3 Decipoints

Horizontal Grid Size

(1/720 Inch Units)

(Inches)

0 or none

No change to grid size (defined by Ps1)

1, 2, and 3*

1/180

(0.0056)

1/180

(0.0056)

1/144

(0.0069)
(0.0069)

1/144

(0.0069)

1/90

(0.0111)

1/90

(0.0111)

1/72

(0.0139)
(0.0139)

11 to 19%*

1/72

1/36

(0.0278)

21 and up*

1/36

(0.0278)

* Defaults to horizontal grid size listed.

[f Ps3 is 0 or not present, the horizontal grid size is determined by the macro
parameter (Psl). Otherwise, Ps3 overrides the horizontal grid size portion of

the Psl, while attempting to preserve the aspect ratio (A/R) as follows.
When Ps1 selects a 2.5:1 aspect ratio

118

Resulting Image

Ps3

Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)

Selection

And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Scale Size

1/180 in.

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180 in.

Full Scale

1/144

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180

Full Scale

1/90

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

2 x Full Scale

1/72

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

2 x Full Scale

1/36

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

2 x Full Scale

GRAPHIC MODE

When Psl

selects a 2:1 aspect ratio

Ps3

Selection

1/180 in.

Resulting Image

And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Scale Size

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180 in.

Full Scale

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

Full Scale

1/144
1/90

2:1 A/IRand HGS of 1/144

Full Scale

1/72
1/36

~
~

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72
2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72

2 x Full Scale
2 x Full Scale

When Psl selects a 1:1 aspect ratio

Ps3
Selection

—_

- Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)

Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)
And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Resulting Image

1/180 in.

2.5:1 A/R and HGS

0.5 x Full Scale

1/144
1/90

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144
1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

0.5 x Full Scale
0.5 x Full Scale

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72
1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/36

Full Scale
2 x Full Scale

1/72
1/36

of 1/180 in.

Scale Size

6.2.2.4 Additiaba’l Parafmmem (Ps?) - Additional parameters may be supported
in future products. The LA75 ignores other parameters without affecting the

cyrrent sixel protocol sequence.

6.2.2.5 Final CMracmfir (@) - The final character q (7/1) identifies this sequence

as a sixel protocol selector and places the printer in Graphic mode.

6.2.3 Picture Data
-

Picture data inéludes sixel printable characters and sixel control characters.
The printer processes picture data in Graphic mode as defined in Section 6.3.
In Graphic mode. printing is performed only unidirectionally.

6.2.4 String Terminator (ST)
,

The string terminator (ST) control code causes the printer to leave Graphic

mode and enter Text mode. You can use the 8-bit control code ST (9/12) or the

7-bit escape sequence ESC \ (1/11. 5/12) for the string terminator.

6.3 CHARACTER PROCESSING INGRAPHIC

MODE

I&n Gm: 1ic mod ,Wmmbl@ cham{:%‘e r-‘*m'% dfi‘ finespe ‘»f';fim c slumns of dots to

6.3.1 Sixel prmtabw Characters
In sixel gra‘»w

z@ the prmmr mmm rets GL (graphic left) characters in the

1itable ¢ ffmmu? ers. Each of these 64

epresents a code mf 6 vertwal pmam (1 sixel) to print. The actual pixel
size is defmed by the horizontal grid size (HGS) parameter and the aspect ratio

(Pamgraph 6.2.2)

The prmter 3;,maw a hexadecim m wfimt mf 3!15 fmmem},{. graphic printable
character received, resultingin a bmmy valuein the
rrange of 0/0 to 3/15. The

6-bit bmmy value abtamed represents a sxml mmmrx d@*,mmfln
For each.bxt set to 1, the printer activates apmm !:}%dmemt or groupof

elements to print a dot. The least sign ificant. bitm mis tlm top pixel of a
j

sixel.

The prmter processes GR (graphm mghmcharacters inthe 11/15 to 15/14 range

as GLcharacters. by settingthe eighth

d subt ,ctmg the 3/15 hma~

decimal offset fmm the gmphm pxmtabla chamamr
Column/
Row

ASCIH
Chmmwr

315
4/0
5/15

?
@

714

Binary Pixels
Value
,"Actwated

000000
000001
100000

111111

None
Top
Bottom

All

~ Action
Performed

Admnce by a mml space.
Print toppixel only.
Print bottom pixel only.

i»"rmt (:ma full cmlumn

If you try to print pmt‘ the right margin, the printer truncates all remaining

sixel data until it receives the next graphic carriage mmm {$) or gmphm new
- line (-} character.
|
Sl

Slml wmmlCO :w are GL chamaters in the 2/0 m 3/14 mni'; Num that this

range also mcludw the parametersef “mtm{3!1 U and mmmeter dxgmts 0to9
(3/0 to 3/9).

Theprinter prwcesses GR ehamci,;jf:"m
, mthe 10/0 to 11/ 14 range as GL characters, by setting the eighth bit to 0.
|
|
_;aws the fmmwmg mml mmml chmmmm

The printer f’m

Column/
Row

2/1

ASCII
Character

Function

‘Repeat introducer

2/2

”

2/4

Graphic carriage return

—

Graphic new line
Numeric parameters
~ Parameter separator

2/13
3/0 to 3/9

Set raster attributes

~0to9

3/11

A control sequence in Gmphm moda
begins with a sixel mmml character (not

including the 0 to 9 and
: ch acmm) and @m:is thh eitl m"a pmntabie character

or anot. ner mmlwm;ml chamcter

The printer ignores unassxgn@d mml control charachem (along with any param
eters or ‘parameter separators) u:m:al receiving the next valid sixel control t:har~
cter, pmntabm chamnter, or stm‘&

termmamr (S“T}

6.3.2.1 Repeat ‘n‘tmducm (!) and Sequence - You can use the following sequence to print the same character a consecutive number of times.
!

92]1

kx#

printable character
,

Pn specifies the number of times to print the character that follows.

The numeric parameter is a string of characters in the 3/0 to 3/9 range that

the printer interprets as a decimal number, from 0 to 65,535. If you omit Pn or
set Pn to 0, the printer uses 1. If you use a Pn value larger than 65535, the
printer uses the maximum value of 65535.
NOTE: Sixel control characters received during a repeat sequence cancel the
repeat sequence. The printer will then process these control characters,

The LAT7S5 prints the printable character (in the 3/15 to 7/14 range) as many
times as specified by Pn. The printable character terminates the repeat
sequence.

Examples

Repeat Sequence

Function

2/1

3/1

3/0

3/15

2/1

4/0

Repeats 10 graphic spaces.
,

Repeats 6 patterns of top dot.

6.3.2.2 Set Raster Attributes Sequence - This sequence defines the pixel as-

pect ratio. This aspect ratio applies to all sixel data that follow. After entering
Graphic mode, the printer must immediately receive this sequence before the

first sixel printable character.

It the printer receives the sequence after any other valid sixel data, the printer

recognizes this sequence but ignores its parameters. The printer continues to

process all following sixel data.

It the sequence is received before any other valid sixel data, the printer processes the sequence.

The set raster attributes sequence format is as follows.
"

Pnl

;

Pn2

2/2

k%%

3[1]

**¥%x

3/1]

Pn3

;

k¥kx

/1]

where
4

= Set raster attributes control character.

Pnl = Pixel aspect ratio numerator. and
Pn2 = Pixel aspect ratio denominator.

122

GRAPHIC MODE

Pn4
kk*

—

Pnl and Pn2 are numeric parameters. A numeric parameter is a string of
characters in the 3/0 to 3/9 range, which the printer evaluates as decimal

numbers. If the parameter is a value larger than the maximum 65.535. the

printer uses 65.535. If Pnl and Pn2 are 0, the printer uses an aspect ratio
of 2.5:1.

Pn3, Pn4 and all other pammmew received in this sequence are ignored
by the prmter

Pixel aspect ratio defines the shape of the pixel needed to reproduce the picture without distortion. This ratio is defined by two numbers. a numerator and
a denominator. The pixel aspect ratio 13 t:he mtm of the pixel’s vertical size to
its horizontal size.

For example. an aspect ratio of 2:1 represents a pixel twice as high as it is
wide. The pixel aspect ratio (A/R) multiplied by the horizontal grid size (HGS)
yields the ideal vertical grid size (VGS).
This printer supports only the following three aspect ratios.
Aspect

S.ixal

HGS

Horizontal

Ratio

Scale

(inch)

Dots/Pixel

1:1

0.5

1/144

Full

1/72

2 X

1/36

VGS
(inch)

1/144

2:1
2 x

2.5:1

Full

1/72

1/36

1/180

1/72

1/90

1/36

Other aspect ra;im specified by Pnl and Pn2 are processed as follows.
°

If the aspect ratio is less than 1.5:1, the printer uses 1:1.

If the aspect ratio is greater than or equal to 1.5:1 and less than
2.25:1, the printer uses 2:1.

If the aspect ratio is greater than 2.25:1. the printer uses 2.5:1.

The printer attempts to preserve the specified aspect ratios at each horizontal

grid size as follows:

When the selected aspect ratio is 2.5:1
Horizontal

Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)

Grid Size

Resulting Image

And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Scale Size
Full Scale

1/180 in.

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180 in.

1/144

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180

Full Scale

1/90

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

2 x Full Scale

1/72

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

1/36

2 x Full Scale

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/90

2 x Full Scale

When the selected aspect ratio is 2:1

Horizontal

Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)

Grid Size

Resulting Image

And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Scale Size

1/180 in.

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180 in.

Full Scale

1/144

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

Full Scale

1/90

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

Full Scale

1/72

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72

2 x Full Scale

1/36

2:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72

2 x Full Scale

When the selected aspect ratio is 1:1

124

Horizontal

Resulting Aspect Ratio (A/R)

Resulting Image

Grid Size

And Horizontal Grid Size (HGS)

Scale Size
0.5 x Full Scale

1/180 in.

2.5:1 A/R and HGS of 1/180 in.

1/144

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

0.5 x Full Scale

1/90

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/144

0.5 x Full Scale

1/72

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/72

Full Scale

1/36

1:1 A/R and HGS of 1/36

2 x Full Scale

GRAPHIC MODE

By following these rules, the only possible vertical grid sizes the printer can
use are 1/144, 1/72 or 1/36 inch. This means the printer can only support three

vertical pixel scaies

Each vertical mxel size mrresponds to a vertical sixel size (six vertical pixels)
and image scale size as described below and in Appendix B.

Image

Vertical

Sixel Size

Scale Size

1/144 inch

1/24 inch

0.5 Scale

Grid Size

Pixel Construction

1/2 vertical dot per pixel (twopass printing, pixel overlap)

1/72inch

1/12 inch

‘Full Scale

1 vertical dot per pixel

1/36 inch

1/6 inch

2 x Scale

2 vertical dots per pixel

6.3.2.3 Graphic Carriage Return ($) - The graphic carriage return (GCR) control md@ $ (2/4) returns the carriage to the graphic left margin. The graphic
left margin is the active position where the printer enters the Graphic mode.
This allows overprinting lines of sixel data.

6.3.2.4 Graphic New Line (-) - The gra‘phid new line QGN’L) control code (2/13)

ends a printed graphic sixel line by

retuming the printhead to the graphic left 'margin.. and

advancing the paper to print the next sixel line. The active vertical
position is advanced by one sixel line at the current vertical grid
size. |

6.3.2.5 Numeric Parameters (0—9) - Some graphic control codes must be followed by a numeric value. The numeric value is a dm:imm number, coded by
using the ASCII digits 0 to 9 (3/0 to 3/9). A numeric value is ended by any

nondigit. specifically another control code or a gmphm printable character. The
default value for any numeric parameter is 0.

6.3.2.6 Parameter Separator (;) - The parameter separator: (3/11) separates a
series of numeric parameters. If there is no number before the separator. then
the preceding parameter value defaults to 0. If a number does not follow the
separator, then the following parameter value defaults to 0.

GRAPHIC MODE

125

6.3.3 Graphic C0 Control Characters

In Graphic mode, the printer ignores all CO control characters except CAN',

SUB, and ESC. When these control characters are received. the printer per-

forms the following actions.

C0 Control Character
CAN

Printer Action
Leaves Graphic mode, enters Text mode, then
processes CAN.

SUB

Processes SUB as a sixel space (3/15) to limit
communication line errors (Paragraph 6.3.4).

ESC

Leaves Graphic mode. enters Text mode, then
processes ESC.

NOTE: When the printer receives any C1 control code in Graphic mode, the
printer leaves Graphic mode and enters Text mode. The printer then processes

the C1 control codes, if recognized.

6.3.4 Graphic Substitute (SUB) Character
The printer interprets the substitute character SUB (1/10) as being in place of

a character or characters received in error. In Graphic mode, the printer processes SUB as a sixel space character (3/15).

If the printer is processing a repeat sequence, the sequence is terminated. The
printer then prints a number of sixel spaces equal to the repeat number specified in the repeat sequence. The printer remains in Graphic mode.

6.3.5 Leaving Graphic Mode
The following control characters cause the printer to leave Graphic mode and

perform the following actions.

Control Character
CAN

Printer Action

Enters Text mode and processes the CAN

character.
ESC

Enters Text mode and begins processing another
escape sequence.

126

Enters Text mode.

GRAPHIC MODE

6.3.6 Printer State After Leaving Graphic Mode
After leaving Graphic mode, the printer enters the foll()wing state.
@

Horizontal position returns to the last active position before entering

Graphic mode.
Horizontal pitch returns to the last value used before entering

Graphic mode.
Vertical position is modified by the vertical control characters re-

ceived in Graphic mode.
Vertical pitch returns to the last value used before entering Graphic

mode.

All SGR attributes return to the last state before entering Graphic
mode.

GRAPHIC MODE

127

PART

E
D
O
M
N
O
I
T
A
L
EMU
CHAPTER 7 IBM EMULATION FEATURES .

. . . . C

CHAPTER 8 ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

This chapter describes the LA75 basic features, control characters and character sets used in the IBM Proprinter emulation mode.

7.1 GENERAL

You can manually s.mt the LA75 tfl operate in the IBM emulatmn mode using

the front panel PROTOCOL switch and/or the set-up menu (described in

Section 2.8). The OTHER indicator on the frontpanel lights up if the printer is
i

in the IBM emulation mode.

You can also en’mr and exit IBM operating mode under software control using
the DECIPEM sequences (see Paragraph 8.2.5)’.
Feature settings for IBM emulation mode. as they am prefiemwd in the menu

Active Character Set

Auto Carmaga Return

on LF

Set A

Set B
On

Off

Auto Line Feed
on CR

Zero without slash

Slashed Zero
B

Paper Out Bell

selection. are as follows (F'S is factory setting).

131

Power-up Print Density
|

LQor NLQ

Draft

NLQ/LQ

NLQ

F'S

The LA75 is completely compatible with existing software packages written for
the IBM Proprinter. While in the emulation mode, the LA75 uses the IBMcompatible escape and control sequences that allow the software developed for

the IBM Proprinter to run without modifications.

In IBM emulation mode. the LA75 can runeither as a text printer or a graphics printer. The following paragraphs describe these modes and character pro-

cessing features.

7.1.1 Line-Oriented Buffer and Line Terminators
In DEC mode, the LA75 operates as a character printer: characters cannot be

altered after they are sent to the printer. In IBM emulation mode. the printer
operates as a buffered lineprinter; received characters are stored in a buffer

until the printer receives a line terminator character. Then. the entire contents
of the buffer are printed. You can erase an entire line while it is still in the

buffer. The following characters and escape sequences are line termmators and

cause the contents of the buffer to print.

Backspace

Carriage return

Line feed

Vertical tab

Form feed

ESCJ

Set variable line feed

ESCL

Enter graphic mode

ESCK

Enter graphic mode

ESCY

Enter graphic mode

ESC Z

Enter graphic mode

[f no line terminator is recewed the buffer will empty 0.5 seconds after the
receipt of the last character.

132

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

Mode Overview
The graphic eficape sequences operate differently than the line buffer operation

described above. Graphic escape sequences are self-terminating. Each sequence -

specifies the number of graphic data bytes to follow. When the printer receives
the specified number of data bytes. the printer prints the graphic data, unless a
timeout in data transmission has occurred. In this mode. the buffer will auto- matically empty 3 seconds after the receipt of last character.

7.1.3 Compatible Control Characters, Escape Sequences, and

Character Sets
In emulation mode, all escape sequences and control characters are compatible
with software written for the IBM Proprinter. The character sets used by the

LA75 in the @mulatmn moda are compatible with character sets used by the

emulated IBM Proprinter. The LA75 also provides line drawing mmpambxlnty
with IBM screen charactem

7.1.4 Charamer Size
In emulatmn mode. the LA75 usually prints 1/8»mch high characters, although
some graphic characters are 1/6-inch high and are IB M«-cmmpatmblte Most of the

characters in IBM emulation mode are printed in a 9 x 9 dot matrix (draft
-font). When you select high resolution printing, the printer can use either NearLetter Quality (17 x 17) or Letter Quahty(27 x 18) dot matrix in the same
size character cell.

rd, Compressed, and Double-\ Vidth Printing
IBM emulation mode uses control characters to select standard or compressed

printing. Compressed printing provides more characters per inch. Control characters and escape sequences are also used for selecting double-width or singlewidth printing. When the printer receives a control character or escape sequence that indicates double-width printing, the printer doubles the character

size of the eurrent standard or compressed prmtmg Thm allows six combinations of character size (Table 7-1).

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

133

Table 7-1 Character Sizes Vs. Print Density
Character
Width

Selection

Standard

Compressed

Singlé width

10 cpi

12 cpi

17.1 cpi

Double width

5 Ccpi

6 cpi

8.55 cpi

7.1.6 Escape Sequence Processing
Some escape sequences require parameters. These parameters are represented
by Ps or Pn. The characters *** below Ps or Pn represent the encoding of the
parameter. Both the processing of escape sequences and coding of parameters

differ between DEC mode and IBM emulation mode. To send a decimal parameter “X” in the IBM emulation mode, send the character with the decimal
value equal to X. For example, to send a parameter of 115 decimal. send the

character “s” which is located in 7/3 and has the decimal code of 115.

7.2 CHARACTER SETS
This section describes the character sets the LA75 printer uses while emulating
an IBM Proprinter. This mode causes the printer to respond to the same con-

trol characters and escape sequences used by the IBM Proprinter, and to print
the same characters. As with the IBM Proprinter, three character sets are

available — character sets A, B. and All Characters. These character sets are

software selectable.

The character sets are selected using corresponding escape sequences described

in Chapter 8.

7.2.1 Character Set Charts

Figures 7-1 through 7-3 show character sets A, B, and All Characters.

respectively.

134

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

fla_

ifl’w“‘i"' L
RO e
-

COLUMN

117

118

| el t

ASCI! CHARACTER

B4A
MA - 0805

M Graphic Character Set A (GL) (Sheet 1 of 2)

135

NUL

128

202

2422

203

223

130 |DC2 | 6|

|
93

204

224

132 DC4 148

205

85
206
86

230

BS | 1| CAN |,
88

211

231

HT | 1,

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212

138

232

213

- 233

ESC 155

214

234

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344

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CONTROL SET

251

374
FC

375

376

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SUPPLEMENTAL CHARACTER SET 1

MA . OB06
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Figure 7-1 IBM Graphic Character Set A (GR) (Sheet 2 of 2)

136

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

e e
Ch
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exdira3]|ee

ASCII CHARACTER |

MA -0B07 -B48

Figure 7-2 I BM Graphic Character Set B (GL) (Sheet 1 of 2)

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8
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Figure 7-2 IBM Graphic Character Set B (GR) (Sheet 2 of 2)

138

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

ASCIi CHARACTER |

Figure 7-3 IBM All Character Set (GL) (Sheet 1 of 2)

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Figure 7-3 IBM All Character Set (GR) (Sheet 2 of 2)
s

140

IBM EMULATION FEATURES
fr

7.2.2 Control Characters
Character sets A and B use control characters. The All Characters Set does
not have control characters. Control characters are grouped into C0 and C1
sets that are used as follows:

Control
Character Set

Character set
All Character
B

Used

Not Used

Used

Not Used

(0/0 to 1/15)

C1
(8/0 to 9/15)

Characters in the CO and C1 control sets usually cause the LA75 to perform an

action. Control characters do not print. When it receives a control character.
the printer responds by performing the action associated with that control

character.

Table 7-2 is a summary of all CO and C1 control characters used by the printer
in the IBM emulation mode.
|

Table 7-2 Summary of Control Characters
Name

Mnemonic

Location

Function in Text Mode

Null

NUL

0/0 (CO)
8/0 (C1)

Used with ESC B and ESC D
as a list terminator and with
other escape sequences to

select options. This code is
otherwise ignored.

Bell
Backspace

BEL
BS

0/7 (CO)

Causes the bell to sound for

8/7(C1)

one second.

0/8 (CO)
8/8 (C1)

Moves the printhead one
character to the left at the
current pitch.

Horizontal

Tab

HT
|

0/9 (CO)

8/9 (C1)

Moves to next horizontal tab

stop. At power up. tabs are
set at every 8 columns.
beginning at column 9 and

ending at column 73. HT

advances one column after
the last tab is reached.

Table 7-2 Summary of Control Characters (Cont)
Name

Mnemonic

Line Feed

Location

Function in Text Mode

0/10 (CO)

Advances the paper one line.

8/10 (C1)

This control code cancels

double-wideth printing if
enabled by SO. A carriage

return will occur if Auto
CR is selected (#18) in the
menu.

Vertical

Tab

6/11 (CO)

Advances paper to the next

8/11 (C1)

vertical tab stop. If none

are set, acts as a line

feed. Additionally, if the
next VT exceeds the form

length minus the bottom
margin, a line feed is
executed. VT cancels double-

width printing if enabled by

SO. A carriage return will
occur if selected (#18) in

the menu.
Form Feed

0/12 (CO)

Performs a carriage return

8/12 (C1)

and advances to the next
top of form. FF cancels

double-width printing if
enabled by SO. Form length

is set through menu setting
#4.

Carriage

Return

0/13 (CO)
8/13 (C1)

Terminates the line and
returns active position to

column 1. No line feed
occurs unless auto line feed

is enabled (menu selection
#16) or by ESC 5. CR cancels

double-width printing if
enabled by SO.

142

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

Table 7-2 Summary of Control Characters (Cont)

Name

Mnemonic

Location

Shift Out

0/14 (CO)
8/14 (C1)

Function in Text Mode

Selects the double-width
print mode. A carriage
return, line feed, form
feed, vertical tab. cancel.
ESC W 0, or DC4 cancels this

print mode.

If at 10 cpi, SO changes the
horizontal pitch to 5 cpi.

If at 12 cpi, SO changes the
horizontal pitch to 6 cpi.

If at 17.1 cpi, SO changes
the horizontal pitch to

8.55 cpi.

Shift In

0/15 (CO)
8/15 (C1)

Selects the compressed

character mode. The DC2
code cancels the compressed
printing mode.
If at 10 cpi. SO changes

the horizontal pitch to
17.1 cpi.

If at 5 cpi, SO changes

the horizontal pitch to

8.55 cpi.

Device

DC1

Control 1
Device
Control 2

DC2

1/1 (CO)

Selects printer to accept

9/1 (C1)

data.

1/2 (CO)

Terminates printing in

9/2 (C1)

compressed or 12 cpi modes

and sets the printer to
10 cpi (5 cpi if doublewidth).

DC2 changes the horizontal
pitch as follows:
from 17.1 cpi to 10 cpi.
from 8.55 cpi to 5 cpi.

from 12 cpi to 10 cpi. and
from 6 cpi to 5 cpi.

Table 7-2 Summary of Control Characters (Cont)
Name

Mnemonic

Device

DC3

Control 3
Device

Location

Function in Text Mode

1/3 (CO)

Ignored.

9/3 (C1)
DC4

Control 4

1/4 (CO)

Terminates printing in the

9/4 (C1)

double-width mode, if set

by SO, and returns to the
previously selected

character spacing.

DC4 changes the horizontal
pitch as follows:
from 5 cpi to 10 cpi,
from 6 cpi to 12 cpi, and
from 8.55 cpi to 17.1 cpi.

Cancel

CAN

1/8 (CO})

Clears the last unterminated

9/8 (C1)

line buffer. retaining the
current print position.

Printing mode status:
Double-width printing is

cancelled if set with SO,
and remains active if set

with ESC W (Section
2.4.1.1): all other printing

modes remain in effect.

Escape

ESC

1/11(C0)
9/11(C1)

Initiates all escape
sequences. (See Chapter 8).

7.2.3 Special Characters
The following special characters are available in all character sets.

SP character (2/0)

Character represented by (15/15)
In Text mode. the space character (SP) increments the active column without

printing.

The 15/15 character performs the same function as the SP character.

144

IBM EMULATION FEATURES

ESCAPE SEQUENCES

FOR IBM EMULATION C

This chapter lists and ,describ;es the escape sequences that you can use to control LA75 operation in IBM Proprinter emulation mode.

8.1 GENERAL
Escape sequences provide more control over the printer than control characters. These sequences are multiple-character strings that start with the escape
character (ESC. 1/11). Escape sequences do not print. but instead control various aspects of how data prints. The following text describes IBM Proprinter
Emulation mode escape sequences. These sequences are grouped by function as
follows.
Terminal management
Vertical form handling

Horizontal form handling
Paper fault handling

Unidirectional/bidirectional printing control
Alternate character set mapping

Printing modes
Graphic mode

NOTE: Do not use the CSI control character in the IBM Emulation mode.

8.2 TERMINAL MANAGEMENT
You can control the reset (default) status and printer selection (from host computer) by using the following commands.

145

8.2.1 Reset To Initial State (RIS)
ESC

1/11

6/3

This sequence resets the printer to DEC mode with DEC power-up settings.
The printer advances paper to the next top of form if printing has occurred on

this page.

8.2.2 Soft Terminal Reset (STR)

ESC

1/11

5/11

2/1

7/0

This sequerice resets the printer to DEC mode with DEC power-up settings.

The printer advances paper to the next top of form if printing has occurred on

this page.

8.2.3 IBM Terminal Reset
ESC

/711

4/0

This sequence only resets the IBM emulation mode to its initial state without
returning to DEC mode. The printer advances paper to the next top-of-form if

printing has occurred on this page.

8.2.4 Deselect Printer
ESC

/11

5/1

0/3

This sequence prints the contents of the print buffer. then deselects the
printer. Any data following this sequence are ignored until the DC1 control

character is received.

8.2.5 IBM Proprinter Emulation Mode (DECIPEM)
ESC

1/11

5/11

3/15

3/5

3/8

6/12

This sequence resets to DEC mode without resetting previous DEC protocol

selections.

146

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.3 VERTICAL FORM HANDLING
There are several ways to control the vertical form. You can control the size of

the vertical pitch, the length of the form. the positions of the bottom margin.
and vertical tabs. You can also set automatic line feed on receiving carriage
return.

The length of the form is the distance from the top of one page to the top of

the next page.
1.

Form length is usually set to the size of the paper currently in the

printer. In other applications, you may want to set a smaller or lar-

ger form. For example, when using the line drawing characters. you

can draw multiple graphs on one page of paper. or have a graph
extend over more than one page if you set to different form lengths.
2.

Vertical pitch is the distance between lines and is measured in lines

per inch. Vertical pitch is not the height of printed characters. When
you set a new vertical pitch, all subsequent paper feed controls (like
LF or VT) advance the paper at this new pitch.

The bottom margin is set in terms of the number of lines from the

bottom of the form. You must know the current vertical pitch to do
this. For example, to set a bottom margin 1 inch from the bottom

of the form, using a vertical pitch of 6 lines per inch. you would set
Pn equal to 6 in the set bottom margin sequence. To set the same

bottom margin, using a vertical pitch of 8 lines per inch, you would
set Pn equal to 8.
4.

A form feed control character advances the paper to the top of the
next form.

The following escape sequences control the vertical forms:

8.3.1 Set Vertical Pitch (ERSLI)
ESC

1/11

3/0

Sets vertical pitch to 8 lines per inch.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

147

8.3.2 Set Vertical Pitch (ER10LI)
ESC

/11

3/1

Sets vertical pitch to 10.3 lines per inch (72/7 inch).

8.3.3 Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI2)
ESC

/11

3/2

Sets vertical pitch to the setting specified in a previous ESC A sequence. If
none was set, sets vertical pitch to 6 lines per inch.

8.3.4 Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI1)
ESC

1/11

4/1

***

Sets vertical pitch to 72/Pn lines per inch. It does not take effect until ESC 2
is sent. If Pn = 0, it retains previous ESC A setting. Maximum Pn = 255.

8.3.5 Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI3)
ESC

/11

3/3

***

Sets vertical pitch to 216/Pn lines per inch.
Maximum Pn = 255, while Pn = 0 is ignored.

8.3.6 Set Vertical Pitch (ERNLI4)
ESC

/11

4/10

**%*

Performs one line feed at a vertical pitch of 216/Pn lines per inch. Performs a

carriage return if menu selection #18 is set.
Maximum Pn = 255, while Pn = 0 is ignored.

ESC J does not affect the line feed caused by LF control character.

148

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.3.7 Set Form Length (ERSFL)
ESC

1/11

4/3

¥k

Sets form length (in inches) to Pn (required number of lines) times the current
vertical pitch. Sets top of form, and clears bottom margin.
Maximum Pn = 255, while Pn = 0 is ignored. Maximum absolute form length
is 151 inches.
NOTE: This sequence overrides menu selection #4 (Form Length).

8.3.8 Set Form Length (ERSFLI)
ESC

NUL Pn

111

4/3

0/0

**#

Sets form length to Pn inches as you requested. sets top of form, and clears
bottom margin.
Maximum Pn = 151, while Pn = 0 is ignored.
NOTE: This sequence overrides menu selection #4 (Form Length).

8.3.9 Set Bottom Margin (ERSBM)
ESC

1/11

4/14

**#*

Sets bottom margin (in inches) to Pn lines from the current form length using
the current vertical pitch.
Maximum Pn = 255, while Pn = 0 is ignored.

8.3.10 Clear Bottom Margin (ERCBM)
ESC

1/11

4/15

Clears bottom margin.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

149

8.3.11 Set Vertical Tabs
ESC

Pnl

Pn2

NUL

1/11

4/2

**%

*x*x%x

*x¥xx

()/(

Sets vertical tab stops at Pnl, Pn2. and other designated stops. Pn is a character representing the line number of the desired tab stop. For example, character 1/2 sets a tab at line 18.
You must specify tab positions in ascending order, any descending values are

ignored.
This sequence cancels any previously set tabs.

8.3.12 Set Top Of Form
ESC

/11

3/4

Set the current paper position as top of form.

8.3.13 Enable/Disable Automatic Line Feed
ESC

1/11

3/5

***

If Ps = 1 (0/1). this sequence causes a line feed to occur whenever the printer
receives a carriage return (CR control code).
If Ps = 0 (NUL). this sequence disables an automatic line feed on receiving a
carriage return (CR control code).
NOTE: This sequence overrides menu setting #16.

8.4 HORIZONTAL FORM HANDLING
This section describes how to select single- or double-width printing, how to use
an escape sequence to perform a carriage return, how to set horizontal tabs.

and how to select 12 cpi horizontal pitch.

150

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.4.1 Print Width and Carriage Return
Double-width printing doubles the width of the current character setting. For

example, if the current character pitch setting is compressed, the double-width
print command doubles the width of the compressed characters. You can send
an escape sequence that sets double- or single-width characters. You can send
these escape sequences while printing in compressed or standard pitches. so
there are six different combinations of horizontal pitch.

8.4.1.1 Set Double-Width Characters (EREDW)
ESC

1/11

5/7

**#*

If Ps = 1 (0/1), this sequence sets double-width characters for current and following lines.

8.4.1.2 Set Single-Width Characters (ERDDW)
ESC

1/11

5/7

0/0

If Ps = 0 (NUL), this sequence sets single-width characters for current and
following lines.

8.4.1.3 Carriage Return (PCR1)
ESC

<«

/11

3/12

This sequence provides a carriage return without performing a line feed, unless
the auto line feed is enabled with the menu setting #16 or the ESC 5 sequence.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

151

8.4.2 Horizontal Tabs
Horizontal tabs are column-oriented, predefined positions on the paper. There
are 137 possible HT stops on the line. When the HT control character is sent,
the printhead advances to the next horizontal tab, if any are set.

Horizontal tabs correspond to column locations. not physical positions. For example. if you set compressed print, the tab stops correspond to the compressed

character columns. You can specify up to 28 tabs in one escape sequence. The
following escape sequences modify horizontal tabs.

8.4.2.1 Set Horizontal Tabs (ERSHT)
ESC

Pnl

Pn2

NUL

1/11

4/4

**%

*%x

#xx

(/)

Clears all horizontal tab stops and sets horizontal tab stops at Pnl, Pn2. and
other designated stops. Pn is a character representing the column number of
the desired tab stop. For example. character DC2 (1/2) sets a tab at column 18.

Tabs must be specified in ascending order, any descending character is ignored.
This sequence cancels all previously set tabs,

8.4.2.2 Set All Horizontal Tabs
D

ESC

1/11

&/2

Sets horizontal tab stop every eight columns beginning with column 9.
Additionally. all previously set vertical tab stops are cleared.

8.4.3 Set Horizontal Spacing to 12 CPI
The following escape sequence allows you to select horizontal pitch.
ESC

/11

3/10

Sets the printer to 12 cpi if single width. or set to 6 cpi if double width is

selected.

8.5 PAPER FAULT HANDLING
The following escape sequences handle paper fault conditions.
When the paper-out detector on the printer is enabled. the printer stops if it is
out ot paper.

152

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.5.1 Disable Paper Out (ERDPO)
ESC
/11

8
3/8

Disables paper-out handling.

8.5.2 Enable Paper Out (EREPO)
ESC

/11

3/9

Enables paper-out handling.

8.6 UNIDIRECTIONAL/BIDIRECTIONAL PRINTING CONTROL
In bidirectional printing mode, which can be used for text printing only. the
printhead prints lines of text in both directions (right and left). In unidirec-

tional mode, the printhead prints in the left-to-right direction only. Bidirectional
printing is faster, because there is less nonprinting printhead motion.

Unidirectional printing reduces possible misregistration. Unidirectional printing
is also useful when printing vertical lines, because there
is less chance for individual dots in the vertical line to appear out of alignment.
The following sequences select printing direction.

8.6.1 Set Bidirectional Printing (ERDUD)
ESC

1/11

5/6

Ps
***

If Ps = 0 (0/0). bidirectional mode (text only) is enabled.

8.6.2 Set Unidirectional Printing (EREUD)
ESC

1/11

5/6

*% ¥

If Ps = 1 (0/1), unidirectional left-to-right mode is enabled.
NOTE: Bit-image graphic always uses unidirectional printing.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

153

8.7 ALTERNATE CHARACTER SET MAPPING
The following escape sequences let you select the alternate character sets. You

can find these character sets in Figures 7-1 through 7-3.
NOTE: The following sequences override menu setting #17.

8.7.1 Select Set A (ERCO01)
ESC

/11

3/7

Selects character set A.

8.7.2 Select Set B (ERC02)
ESC

1/11

3/6

Selects the character set B.

8.7.3 Select All Characters Set
ESC

Pnl

Pn2

1/11

§/12

***

This escape sequence selects the All Characters Set as the active character set.
This set has no control characters but rather contains extra characters in some
of the locations (addresses) where control characters appear in sets A and B. A
space is printed for any undefined character address which is received.
Pnl and Pn2 represent the number of characters that follow that are to be

printed from the All Characters Set.
Pnl represents values from 0 — 255
|
Pn2 represents values equal to (Pn2 x 256), where Pn2 can be 0 or

greater integer.
Total characters = Pnl + (Pn2 x 256)
e

154

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.7.4 Print Single Character From All Character Set
ESC

1/11

5/14

This sequence allows the next character to be accessed and printed from the
All Characters Set.

8.8 PRINTING MODES
This section describes the various text printing modes and text enhancements

that the LA75 printer (in IBM emulation) features. Menu feature selection #20
determines if the mode selected by the ESC G or ESC I 2 sequences is the
Letter Quality (LQ) or Near Letter Quality (NLQ) printing.

NOTE: Any downline-loaded font selected by the ESC I 6 sequence will always
be created in the NLQ mode. regardless of the menu selection.

8.8.1 Draft Printing

This low-resolution matrix is based on a 9 x 9 standard-sized character font
table. Draft printing speed is 250 char/sec maximum.
8.8.2 LQ Printing

This high-resolution matrix is based on a 27 x 18 standard-sized character font
table. This font is created with two one-third speed passes in the same direction. LQ printing speed is 32 characters/second maximum.
8.8.3 NLQ Printing

NLQ printing is created with an algorithm applied to the draft font data. This
print mode is created with two half-speed passes in the same direction.
Effectively. this mode will darken a draft character by filling in between the
dots.

NLQ printing speed is 42 characters/second maximum.

8.8.4 Shadow Bold Printing Features
You can select shadow bold printing if the current font is draft.

NLQ, or LQ.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

155

8.8.4.1 Shadow Bolded Draft - It is created at half-speed with one pass. The
printer performs horizontal shadowing at 125 characters/second.
NOTE: No vertical shadowing is performed.

8.8.4.2 Shadow Bolded NLQ - It is created at half-speed with two passes. The
printer performs both horizontal and vertical shadowing.
8.8.4.3 Shadow Bolded LQ - It is created at half-speed with two passes. The
printer performs horizontal shadowing.

8.8.5 Superscript and Subscript
The superscript and subscript functions both print half-size (1/16-inch) charac-

ters slightly offset from the current line. Superscript prints in the upper half of
a character cell. to allow printing of exponential expressions and footnotes.

Subscript prints in the lower half of a character cell, to allow printing of mathematical equations and scientific expressions.

Superscript and subscript are available in all modes and pitches. A single algorithm is used for draft.

NLQ. and LQ printing. Shadow bolding of superscripts
and subscripts is supported with the draft bolding algorithm.

8.8.6 Selecting Printing Modes
The following escape sequences control the printing functions.

8.8.6.1 Enable Shadow Bold (EREBD)
ESC

1/11

4/5

Sets shadow bold printing for all following characters.
8.8.6.2 Disable Shadow Bold (ERDBD)
ESC

1/11

4/6

Turns off shadow bold printing for all following characters.

8.8.6.3 Set Letter Quality/NLQ Printing (EREHR)

ESC

/11

4/7

Enters LQ or

156

NLQ mode depending on menu feature setting #20.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

8.8.6.4 Set Draft (ERDHR)
ESC

1/11

4/8

Enters draft mode.

8.8.6.5 Select Print Quality
ESC
1/11

1
4/9

***

You can use this sequence to select the priht quality where "Ps” parameter

determines the required print quality.
,

Ps =

Selects draft mode.

0
0/0

Selects LQ/NLQ mode.

2
0/2

Selects draft mode.

0/4

Uses downline-loaded set (Section 8.11)

6
0/6

Selects NLQ mode.
Uses downline-loaded set (Section 8.11)

8.8.6.6 Set/Reset Underline (EREUL)

ESC

—

1/11

2/13

***

If Ps = 1 (0/1), it underlines all characters that follow this sequence.
If Ps = 0 (0/0). it turns off underlining.
8.8.6.7 Set/Reset Overscore
ESC

—

1/11

5/15

***

it overscores all characters that follow this sequence.
If Ps = 1 (0/1).
If Ps = 0 (0/0). it turns off overscore.

8.8.6.8 Enable Superscript/Subscript (ERESCR)

ESC

/11

5/3

***

If Ps = 0 (0/0). all following characters are printed in superscript mode.

It Ps = 1 (0/1), all following characters are printed in subscript mode.
8.8.6.9 Reset Script (ERDSCR)

ESC

1/11

5/4

Cancels superscript and subscript printing.

8.9 PRINTING MODE RULES AND EXCEPTIONS
The following are exceptions or clarifications to printing mode combinations.
1.

[f both the 12 cpi and the compressed modes are active, the printer

sets the pitch to 12 cpi only. Setting the printer to 12 cpi pitch

cancels the compressed mode.
2.

Compressed (17.1 or 8.55 cpi) printing cannot be shadow bolded. If

both are active, the printer runs at the previous pitch (5 or 10 cpi)
and the previous print density (draft, NLQ/LQ) with shadow bold
set. Compressed printing will take effect when shadow bolding is
removed.

NLQ and LQ printing can be compressed. Printing is darker than

draft compressed.
4.

Double-width printing is available for all pitches (10, 12, compressed), print densities (draft,

NLQ. and LQ), and their superscripts

and subscripts. Double-width printing can also be shadow bolded for
all pitches and print densities except the compressed pitch.

8.10 GRAPHIC MODE

The host computer sends graphic data to the printer as a string of 8-bit characters. An escape sequence before these characters defines how many characters

follow.
You can select the graphic mode with the escape sequences described below.

After executing the escape sequence. the printer returns to text mode. The
number of graphic bytes to print must equal the number specified. If the actual

number of bytes differs from the number specified. the printer may (1) interpret text characters as graphic data. or (2) interpret graphic data as text.
158

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

[

8.10.1 Escape K (480 Bit-image Graphic Mode)
This sequence changes printing from the text mode to the bit-image graphic
mode at 60 dots per inch (dpi) resolution. At every horizontal position. each
byte can print up to 8 vertical dots. Each bit in a graphic data byte addresses a
single printhead pin. The most significant bit (MSB) addresses the top printhead pin. while the least significant bit (LSB) addresses the bottom printhead
pin. Bit-image data may be mixed with text data on the same line.
ESC
1/11

4/2

Pnl
*%%

Pn2
*%%

kkx

#k%

...

*% %

Pnl and Pn2 are data bytes which specify the number of bit image data bytes
to be transferred. vl through vk are the the bytes of the bit-image data. The
number of bit-image data bytes (k) is equal to Pnl + (256 x Pn2) but cannot
exceed 480 bytes.

Pnl represents values from 0 — 255.
Pn2 represents values (0 or 1) x 256.

If the specified number of bytes exceeds the maximum number of printable
bytes in a certain graphic mode, the excess graphic data is not printed. These
characters. however, shall be counted in order to properly exit the graphic
mode.

Example: If 500 bytes are specified in 480 bit image graphic mode. the first
480 bytes will be printed and the remaining 20 bytes will be ignored before

exiting the graphic mode.

8.10.2 Escape L (960 Bit-lmage Graphic Mode/Half-Speed)
1/11

4/3

*#*%

#%%

kkk

kxk

Pnl represents values from 0 — 255.
Pn2 represents values (0.1.2,3) x 256.

This sequence changes printing from the text mode to the bit-image graphic
mode at a 120 dpi resolution. Data input is the same as for ESC K command.
The number of bytes of bit-image data (k) is equal to Pnl + (256 x Pn2) but
cannot exceed 960.

The 960 bit-image graphic mode mperates‘at half the speed of the 480 bit-image

graphic mode. All horizontal dots are addressable in this mode.

8.10.3 Escape Y (960 Bit-lmage Graphic Mode — Normal

Speed)
This sequence allows printing at the same speed as the 480 bit-image graphic

mode.

ESC

Pnl

Pn2

1/11

5/9

* % k

* &k

* %k %k

* % ok

...

vk
* %k %k

Pnl represents values from 0 — 255.
Pn2 represents values (0.1.2,3) x 256.
e

This sequence changes printing from the text mode to the bit-image graphic

mode at a 120 dpi resolution. Data input is the same as for ESC K command.
The number of bytes of bit-image data (k) is equal to Pnl + (256 x Pn2) but

cannot exceed 960.

Consecutive horizontal dots cannot be addressed at 120 dpi at this speed. Thus.
only the first of two consecutive horizontal dots is printed.

8.10.4 Escape Z (1920 Bit-Image Graphic Mode)
This sequence changes printing from the text mode to bit-image graphic mode

at 240 dpi resolution. Data input is the same as for ESC K command. The
number of bytes of bit-image data (k) is equal to Pnl + (256 x Pn2) but cannot exceed 1920.

ESC

Pnl

Pn2

1/11

5/10

#%*

*%%

kx%

*xxk

vk
* % &

Pnl represents values from 0 — 255.
Pn2 represents values from (0—7) x 256.

The printing shall be at half the speed of the 480 bit image graphic mode.

Consecutive horizontal dots cannot be addressed at 240 dpi at this speed. The
first of two consecutive horizontal dots will only be printed.

160

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

You can use this sequence to initiate character downline-loading. The sequence
is self-terminating; it exits after a specified number of characters have been
received. You can definea maximum of 94 downline-load characters.

Both draft and NLQ downline-load fonts are created from an 11-byte pattern.
The character(s) need only be downline-loaded once. If the NLQ downline-load
font is selected (< ESC> I 6), the enhanced algorithm will be applied to the
downline-load font data. If the draft downline-load font is selected (<ESC> I
4). the downline-loaded font data will be translated directly.
The downline-load sequence format is as follows:
ESC
1/11

=
3/13

Pnl
**¥

Pn2
***

DC4 Pn3
¥¥x*
]/4

To figure out how many bytes you will need to downline-load the font data. you
have to find the numeric parameters for the downline-load sequence. The numeric parameters Pnl and Pn2 specify the number of informational bytes that
will follow, where Pnl = 0 to 255 and Pn2 = (Pn2 x 256) and Pn2 can be
equal to O or a greater integer.

In data string, each downline-loaded character contains 11 font data bytes preceded by two attribute bytes. Two additional bytes, DC4 and Pn3. precede all
character data.

Therefore. you can calculate the total number of bytes as follows:

Number of character bytes = 2 + (number of characters x 13)

The total number of bytes is encoded with Pnl and Pn2 as
Total bytes = Pnl + (Pn2 x 256).

If number of character bytes is 255 or less, Pnl parameter is used and Pn2 =
0. If Pnl is greater than 255, Pn2 is equal or greater than 1 and both Pnl and
Pn2 are used.
Example:

If you want to downline-load ten characters. you will need the following number
of bytes:

Character bytes = 2 + (10 x 13) = 132 (bytes)

Total Number of bytes = 132 + (0 x 256) = 132 (bytes)

The Pn3 parameter specifies the character address of the first downline-loaded

character. If more than one character is downline-loaded, incremental address
locations are filled. Characters may only be downline-loaded into address positions 2/1 to 7/14 (ASCII 7-bit printables). If an illegal address is reached at

some point during the sequence, the remaining bytes will be counted to terminate the sequence properly, but are not downline-loaded. Font data received before the illegal address was reached will be saved.

Character data following the sequence set-up is of the following form.
Attribute

Character

Pn4d

NUL vl

v2Z

())()

* &

K**

...

vll
* % %k

Each character is preceded by the Pn4 parameter and NUL. Attribute is set by
Pn4 as follows.

Pn4 =0

character is ascending (uses top 8 wires of printhead)

0/0
Pn4 = 128

character is descending (uses bottom 8 wires)

8/0
Bytes v1 through v11 are bit-map font data. They address the printhead pins

the same way as the four graphic modes. Each of the 11 bytes constitutes 1/12

of the horizontal character cell. When used in the draft mode. consecutive horizontal dots will not be printed. When used in the NLQ mode, all dots are

printed AND the NLQ algorithm is used.
When the downline-load font is selected, only those printable characters which

were downline-loaded are addressable. All control codes corresponding to the
current character set remain active. (If the Character Set A is the active set,
all CO and C1 control codes remain in effect.) Any other undefined printable

addresses. including ALL 8-bit printable addresses, perform a space <SP
>
function.
Additional downline-load sequences may overwrite current downline-load data.
Any current downline-load data at addresses which are not redefined remain in

the downline-load buffer.
The entire downline-load data buffer is cleared with the following sequence:

162

ESC

NUL

/11

3/13

0/0

ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR IBM EMULATION

APPENDIX

This appendix shows the character sets (Figures A-1 through A-20) supported

by the LA75 Companion printer in DEC-compatible mode.
Figure

Character Set

Page

A-1

U.S. ASCII Character Set

164

165

A-2

United Kingdom Character Set

A-3

Dutch Character Set

166

A-4

Finnish Character Set

167

A-5

French Character Set

168

A-6

French Canadian Character Set

169

A-T

German Character Set

170

A-8

Italian Character Set

171

A-9

‘Japanese (JIS Roman) Character Set
Katakana Character Set

172

A-10
A-11

DEC Norwegian/Danish Character Set

174

A-12

ISO Norwegian/Danish Character Set

175

A-13

Portuguese Character Set

176

A-14

Spanish Character Set

177

A-15

DEC Supplemental Character Set

178

A-16

Swedish Character Set

179

‘A-17

Swiss Character Set

180

173

A-18

DEC Technical Character Set

181

A-19

VT100 Line Drawing Character Set

182

A-20

ISO Supplemental Character Set

183

NOTE: Additional character sets (fonts) are available if you use plug-in font
cartridges.
163

N sgelsvs|snslene|soajsssiessas]

s
R =
R

BRZINN UGB S e R BE R B
e

ASCII CHARACTER | ESC

Figure A-1 U.S. ASCII Character Set

164

APPENDIX A

COLUMN

0
,

BITS

ROW | B4 83 B2 B

loooo NUL 00

1000 1

106010

00 1 1

g 100

5 o1 0 1
6

[

w|10
W

Pm%

||30

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5
5
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mm:%

a
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l1000

1 0 0 1

10 |+ 01 0

14
c

)

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10 sus 26

1M1 01 1

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1211 100

;

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. | 5

el20

CR |3»)
:

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113

142

162

143

104

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123

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144

164

106

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106

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166

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sal

(

8 CAN | >,

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101

102

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a 66

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1

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1311 01

)

4
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127

102

147

114
72

163

15
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116
74

1775

118

g9 103

130

]

P | 0]

150

1311

151

171

132

‘1852

172

133

153

107 {

173

108

174

48
49

[

4B
11
4C

89
59

58
134
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108

69 |-

106
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68
154

156

119
77

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120
78

121

122

12378

124

115

|6l m | e
}
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175

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135

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136

176

ary

117

137

187

177

1F ]

. 2F

3€

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SE

156]

110
BE

one

125
0

126
7€

Ay
RS

ASCH CHARACTER} ESC

111 | COLUMN/ROW

53 | octar

TMTM HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCHI

27 § DECIMAL
18

HE
X
BB,
T BN

Figure A-2 United Kingdom Character Set

165

COLUMN

0
‘

‘

rOw | B4 B3 B2 B1 | g5

‘

)
.

NUL 0

10001

Joo v

/o011

0 1 00

o1 0 1

|o 110

[

o1 1}

‘

| pCc3l

ngfl

;

105

106

| 107

20
21

’

|1000|BS

|s8

|CANI

€

|&]|

|1 00 1

)

101010

|SUB | 2

2
1A

vt | 3 | ESC

|0A

123

143

w| S

163

124

144

164

38
71

1511 1 1 1

St | 5

1F |

ASCII CHARACTER]

ESC

2F |

146

166

56
127

102
147

130

150

103
67

ws]

171

132

172

[7a]

4h,

114

’%i
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)

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M|y

170

153

118

133

3c
75

167

113

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78

e
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152

118

161

Z | g

117

87
57

116

112

126

101

165

145

115

54 f

114

113

100

125

131

14 1 110

2
56

1c
35

S | 110

c
15

| CR|G

’

104

FF | 2

103

1211 100

ss]

162

- 82

161

122

112

1M1 01 1

160

142

102

BEL |7

140

101

120

3 | (XOFF) | 19

1
i

o ooo

ac |
115
4D

1ef

117

79]

w6
BA

107§
68

134

164

5C
135

6C
156

A | 136

94
5E

|12

173

123
78

174

108

w00]

14 | 125

| 156]

176

124
7C
175

110

126

137

167

o | 95

121

7€

m‘DEL

177

127
7F

1/11

| coLumN/ROW

| ocTAL

]

DECIMAL
HEX
BAOL 7247 B

Figure A-3 Dutch Character Set

166

APPENDIX A

COLUMN

"
‘

00 0 0

MUL

[

21
"

(0011

33 r'xif%% 1913

01 0o

& |o 1 0 1

6 |01 10

lpcal

112
70

161

102

35
23

51
33

6 |

03]

6743

104

162

123

8353

124

E | 69 u

125

108

126

07 ]

105
45

167

|1too00

)

|52

1t 0 0 1

CAN|

;

vT
FF

13 |1 1 01

141 110

(

[SUB | 32|

|ESC| 3]

LF 10 M

12|t 100

11 E%C 27

w|28

1”%

| 54

2¢

13
D

14
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1711 | coLumn/r

AsCIl CHARACTER| ESC | '/

33 ] OCTAL

/ROW

27 § DECIMAL
18

TMM

47
2F

3D
!

1186

|
77

170}

|278

171

121

106

2€

151

kBN

% |

&a_

118

165

116

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127

101

145

164

102
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1573

|BEL|~”

100

144

163

166

o111

’

99
63

146

143

114

19 1 01 1

101

34
22

@
1

10 |1 010
'

0010

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1 | g5

‘

157 |

111 DEL
6F |

177

127
7F

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCI|

| HEX
AR,
. T TOE

;v'

‘l"

‘

Figure A-4 Finnish Character Set

APPENDIX A

167

COLUMN

]
B?
B&
85

1
O

0
1

(XON)

2
2.

3 1DC3
3 | IXOFF)
3

6
6

)

161

122

142

162

|2
83
53

143
99
63

124

144

116

125

145

165
17

166
118

127

| 30

55
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55
56

11
12

13
14
15

Efifil 27

| 32

LF 10 sus 2

11R]

VT |
FF

1€

59
38

oCTAL

133

;

713

COLUMN/ROW

132

ASCIt CHARACTER

’

s|
20
56
4

2
10
36
30

CR | 33
N
30 1614
,

=
>

2€

130
131

|a|
30
7%
67

3E
77

3F §

146
102

164

100

1ot

114
72

163
115
73

98
62

126
86

82
52

66
54

BEL | 7
f

141

o46

’

;

121

134

136

93
%0
136
24

M
N
o

S5E

137

95
5F

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCH

DECIMAL
HEX

QUOTATION MARKS () ARE USED AS AN APPROXIMATION
FOR THE DIAERESIS MARK (), COLUMN 7/ROW 14,

P PEITE

Figure A-5 French Character Set

COLUMN

BITS

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1 | ps

3
4

000

101

0011

2
2

Ipc3|

3
4

mm?& 13
19

23
44

4
5

14
25

6 ot 10

1011 1]

BEL]|?

1000

1T 0 01

;‘

|BS

LF |

100|101 0

2116

23
17

N30

1103}

43
104

|ESC|

44
ol

*‘:fl

;

_ | %

D
16

1D
36

0
56

ESC

COLUMN/ROW

OCTAL

132

| 53

2%
ic

1|1 111

12
c

30
I:

]

K ¥ |

g
/

=
,

%6
2

60
o

62
3

163

63
144

100

73
164

64
145

118

74
166

101

115

17
7%

146

166

147

167

102
66

11876

o] 133

1ol k
134

92
5C

s|]

30
76

f
9
n

143

~
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14
€

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86
56

127

14 |1 1 1 0

126

|52

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;

1301101

46 |

54
125

;

1M1 011

54
38

106

53
124

130

mmwlfi

114

|123}

lsuB | 2]

38
26

44
108

2
A

*}fi

A4
65

)

a7
25

162

B
33
64

24
45

@g 1

€

161

102

|5 |CAN||
8

112

$ o1 o1

ASCII CHARACTER|

.00 1.0

-3

100

0 00 1

|80

o3|

94
o

50
136
137

95
5F

"7 HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCHI

DECIMAL
HE
X

‘

WA T HETE

Figure A-6 French Canadian Character Set

APPENDIX A

169

COLUMN

BITS

ROW | B4 83 B2 B1 | gg

o000

NUL 0

J]0o 0 o0 1

th%?
y

e | O

0
.

2
0

102

03]

23
44

108

00 1 1

mbcwg 19

o100

01 0 1

g 1 1 0

5
6

15
2%

13
24

710111 | BEL|,

’

CAN 24

(

1 0 0 1

]

|1 01 0

|SUB | 32

1111 01 1

|ESC |

121110 0

1301101
14

1 1 1 0

‘

|1 000

48 [

30
B1

33
64

35
66

‘

2
46

)

’

|s]

10
36

D
16

2ol

St | i

asciicHaRACTER|

ESC

| '/ | COtUMNROW
33

| ocTaL

{ DECIMAL

0
56
2€
57

112

121

141

161

142

80
51

122

43
104

45
106

107

143

163

53
124

63
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73
164

100

3E
77

116

145

165

55
126

86 §

65
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102

75
166

130

150

131

103
67

104
68

151

105

117

118

167

119
77

170)

120
78

171

121

162

106

172

107

173

153

30
76

125

123

10 ]
48

113
162

147

127

160

T | ‘es

140

101

120

;

181 1 1 1

3
4

4
1

3
0

154

122

123
8

174

108

124

155

109

175

110

60 E
156

70
176

126

}

125
7E

157 |

177

127

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
FROM ASCII

HEX
Bl - 74230

Figure A-7 German Character Set

170

APPENDIX A

COLUMN

,
BITS

87 0 o
loe

ROW | B4 B3 B2BY |s

NUL 0

00 01

(XON}

- 49

113

162

33
21

32
63
51

3624

53
66

6 o110

[

114

72
163
15

823

6 o101

124

39
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565

185

166

146

%23

145

164

144

17
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118
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119
167

1701

1 0 0 1

)

57
71

171

wlio010]|

|sSUB | 32|

|52

172

1111 011

|ESC|

1211 100

r o

124

’

k1:}

173

‘

_ | 56
20

175

131101
w1110

scit CHARACT
CHARACTERE

ASClI

11
B

80|53

a7 |

1F §

1/11 §| COLUMN/ROW

ocrad

| DECIMAL

| HEX

ESC |

116

100

710111 | BEL ]|

22
43
35

g
‘

2
3
3

01 00

oot

1 o
1

o0 1 b

]

0 ,

|oooo
,

0 .

0 o

28
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el
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571

2€ |

122

K153

121
TA

123

174
7C

125

176

1571
6F

126

177

1 HIGHLIGHTS
DIF FERENCES
FROM ASCI
;

LLE
T ke

Figure A-8 Italian Character Set

171

COLUMN

ROW|

|
,m'rs

87
4 0

B4 B3B2BY

fgs

loooo

|0 00 1

o010

3
4

|
1

NUL 0

.
1

J‘BC

mflm}

| 42

m&m w
| #
13

5 o1 0 1

2115

6 01 1 0

2216

o111 |BEL|;

’

1 000

10 | e

]
,

;

2
A

131101
14 {1 1 10
1 1 1 1

ascit cHARACTER|

48,

5335
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| 3]

43
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43
104
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123

53
124
54

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E
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106

126

107

127

1mof

6945

162

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163

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143

63
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70
113
71

|
72

115

100
B4

145

146

102

ISl

130 |

8555

161

142

10165

147
87

150

104

§ OCTAL

| pecimaL

[

182

153

106
6A

107
68
1

m | 00

110

157

26
57

188

w00

ESC | /' | COLUMNROW

111,

6F}

HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
|

FROM ASCH

1B | HEX

APPENDIX A

|&]

105

Figure A-9 Japanese (JIS Roman) Character Set

172

122

|03

;

141

i3
64

102

| ESC

L¥

160

80
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ETY)

| 50
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vT 1"B

8| 40

0
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54 | 254 |

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2¢ | ac

55 | 255

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56 | 266

74 | 274

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3¢|

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T | e wma|

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57| 267

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arf s

LEGEND

COPES_

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45| 173 j

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127 | 327

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114 | 314

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106 | 234

68 | EB

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122 | 250

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110 | 238

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95 | 223

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3 3 OCTAL

85 | 193 | DECIMAL
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HEX

# NOTE:

WHEN SET IS MAPPED INTO GR,
BIT B8 IS 1 (V2 ONLY).

KAT““ANA

Figure A-10 Katakana Character Set

M- 1EB8 .

COLUMN

BITS

ROW | B4 B3 B2 B1 | gs

0 000

0 00 1

1001 0

010 0

5§

o1 0 1

(01 10

o131 1|

0
0

NUL

1
20

0
1

3&?

mdcm 8

‘

’

10
30
li0o0o|BS|[Y[CAN[®f

1 00 1

‘

k3
45

JESC | 3]

’

1 1 1 0

11- 2 T

ASCII CHARACTER| ESC
‘

| ocTaL

| DECIMAL

18§

103

34
65

2E
§7

47
2F

104

68
44

105

F
G

106

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APPENDIX A

183

y .

APPENDIX AJ
DEC GRAPHIC MODE —
IMAGE EXAMPLES
Table B-1 and examples below show different image scales and aspect ratios

you can use with the LA7S.

Table B-1 Selectable Image Scale Sizes and Aspect Ratios
Image

Aspect
Ratio

Horizontal
Grid Size

Vertical
Grid Size

0.5 %

1:1

1/144-inch

2:1

1/144

1/72

1:1

1/72

2.5:1

1/90

1/36

2:1
1:1

1/72
1/36

1/36
1/36

Scale
Size

185

Horizontal Grid Size:
Pixel Aspect Ratlio:

1/144 1inch
l to 1

Vertical Grid Size:
Vertical Sixel Size:
Image Scale Size:

1/144

inch

1724
0.5X

inch
Scale

Horizontal Grid Size:

17180

inch

Pixel

Aspect

Vertical
Vertical

Ratlio:

Grid Size:
Sixel Size:

inch

1712

inch

Full

Scale

Image Scale Size:

1/72

Horizontal
Pixel

Grid Size:

Aspect

Ratio:

Vertical

Grid Size:

Vertical

Sixel

Image

Size:

Scale Size:

1/144
2 to

inch
1

1/72
1/12

inch
inch

Full

Scale

MA-0286-88

Example 1

186

APPENDIX B

Horizontal Grid Size:
Pixel Aspect Ratio:

1/72
1 to

1inch
1

Vertical Grid Size:
Vertical Sixel Size:
Image Scale Size:

1/72
1712
Full

inch
inch
Scale

petll

B Sy

..""'m

Mwwwfl.w s

i R

i A

P
o

Horizontal Grid Sigze:
Pixel Aspect Ratlio:

1/90 inch
2.5 to 1

Vertical Grid Size:
Vertical Sixel Size:
Image Scale Size:

1/36

inch

1/6
2X

inch
Scale

MA.-G285-86

Example 2

APPENDIX B

187

Horizontal
Pixel

Grid

Aspect

Vertical

Grid

Vertical

Sixel

Image

Scale

Size:

Ratio:

Size:
Size:

Size:

1/36

inch

1/36

inch

1/6

1inch

Scale

.umwm"

'w‘*nc""m

/!‘
i

I" d

-'M‘

.‘”*H‘"‘

“m_wu

-‘“. ®

n".

-,..w‘

"m.'

""‘-|

Yi
]

]

&
«"”

m'wl““

- .“'u

”‘“‘.‘

lln”‘”'“‘
.“”u“‘””“

iy,

—

——
P

M A-0288-86

Example 3

Horizontal
Pixel

Grid

Aspect

Vertical

Grid

Vertical

Sixel

Image

Scale

Size:

Ratio:

Size:
Size:

Size:

1/72

inch

1/36

1inch

1/6

1inch

Scale

]

MA-0289-86

Example 4

188

APPENDIX B

TEXT MODE
Following are some generic examples of programming that can illustrate LA75
programming technique. Refer to the software/operating instructions of your
computer to properly send the applicable escape sequences.

189

'---

Horizontal

Pitch

Changes

---

30 ESC$=

CHRS$(27)

—

'---Default

)

(80)

LPRINT

ESC$;

"[Ow”;

LPRINT

“"This

line

LPRINT

100

LPRINT

"characters."

110

LPRINT

120

LPRINT

column

width,

cpi

---

printed

width

default

cpi

horizontal

pitch.

Maximum";

80"

130

140

'---

Expanded

(132)

column

width,

16.5

cpl

--~

150

160

LPRINT

ESC$;

"[4w";

170

LPRINT

“This

line

180

LPRINT
"

column width

190

LPRINT

displayed"

200 LPRINT
210

LPRINT

This

line

printed

"on a

printed

allovs

compressed

pitch

132

data,

16.5

cpi.

The

characters,

expanded";

be":

line.*

default

cpi

horizontal

pitch.

Maximum

column

width

characters.

This line printed at compressed pitch of 16.5 cpl. The expanded coluan vidth allows more data, up to 132 characters, to be displayed
on a print line.
MA.0279-86

Example 1 — Horizontal Pitch

190

APPENDIX C

‘~---

Draft,

LQ,

NLQ Modes

Memo,

---

30 ESCs$= CHR$(27)
40 DOUBQUOTE$= CHRS$(34)

---

‘--- Select draft density
LPRINT

ESC$;

"[1";

LPRINT "This

DOUBQUOTES;

line printed

"z";

in draft

density."

LPRINT
‘'---

Select

LPRINT ESC$;
LPRINT "This
LPRINT
'---

Select

density

---

"[2"; DOUBQUOTES:; "z";
line printed in LO density."”
|
Memo density

---

200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280

LPRINT ESC$;

"([3";

LPRINT
LPRINT

line

'---

“This

Select

NLQ

LPRINT ESC$:;
LPRINT "This

DOUBQUOTES;
printed

density

"=z";

in Memo

density."

---

"[4":; DOUBQUOTES$; “z";
line printed in NLQ density."

LPRINT

This

line

primted

draft

This

line

printed

This

line printed in Memo density.

This

line

printed

in NLQ

density.

density.
Ma .0278-86

Example 2 — Print Quality Selection

'---

DEC

Technical

Set

Composites

---

20
30

ESC$=

CHRS$(27)

'---

Load

LPRINT

Technical

"Construction
ESC$;

100

LPRINT

110

LPRINT

ESC$;

and

construct

mathematical

signs

with

signs

DEC

---

Technical

Set"

“K*;

x=10";
“"L"

120

LPRINT

ESC$;

130

LPRINT

1885°

140

LPRINT

150

LPRINT

ESCs$;

160

LPRINT

170

LPRINT

ESC$;

180

LPRINT

"(>";

“(B";

x";

ESC$;

190

LPRINT

200
210
220
230

LPRINT
LPRINT
LPRINT
LPRINT

ESC$; " (B";
*
2x"
ESCg; "“(>";
*
246"

7
4"
;

"2";

ESC$;

signs

with

“K";

BRBREM”

240

LPRINT

ESC§;

"(B";

250

LPRINT

)

260

LPRINT

"L";

"(>";

*
*

Construction

Set

mathematical

DEC

Technical

Set

X=10
—

2x
A

1
MA
- 028086
i

Example 3 — Using Digital Technical Character Set

192

APPENDIX C

'--- Form Length ---

'--- Change form length to 10 lines {(110/66 in. at default vert. pitch) ---

LPRINT

100
110

FOR

'
20
30 ESC$= CHR$(27)
;g E?@a CHR$(12)

120

ESC$;

"[lOt";

LPRINT “Form length set to 10 lines: TOP OF FORM - Line 1";
NEXT

X=1 TO
LPRINT
X

130 LPRINT "
140 LPRINT

Line 6"

FF$;

next page: TOP OF FORM - Line 11";

150 LPRINT "
160

Form

LPRINT

length set

to 10 lines:

page:

TOP OF FORM -

TOP OF

FORM

Line 1

Line

11
MA-0282-86

Example 4 — Form Length Selection

'~~~

ESC$=

Shadow

Bold,

Underline,

and

Double

Underline

SGR

Parameters

---

CHR$(27)

'---

Select

shadow

bolding

LPRINT

ESC$;

LPRINT

"For

LPRINT

ESC$;:

100

LPRINT

"shadow

110

LPRINT

ESC$;

120

LPRINT

130

LPRINT

"[Om";

highlighting

text,

“;

"[1lm";
bolding";

"[Om";
avalilable."

140

150

'---

le0

170

LPRINT

Select
ESC$;

underlining

LPRINT

"Underlining";

LPRINT

ESCs$;

200

LPRINT

210

LPRINT

ESC$;

"(21lm";

LPRINT

"double-underlining”;

230

LPRINT

ESCs;

240

LPRINT

250

LPRINT

For

highlighting

"[Om"TM;

provide

and

---

"[Om";

220

Underlining

double-underlining

"[4m";

180
190

and

tvo

text,

means

shadow

underscoring."

bolding

double-underlining

available.

provide

two

means

underscortng.
MA-0283-86

Example 5 — Text Highlighting

194

APPENDIX C

ALTERNATIVE
PROGRAMMING METH.DS
This appendix describes some operating limitations and alternative program-

ming methods that can assure good printing accuracy.

D.1 LIMITATION OF THE PARTIAL LINE UP (PLU) COMMAND
The PLU+command provides a 1/12 inch reverse line motion. The LA75 sup-

ports one PLU command per superscript. Since the LA75’s reverse positioning
accuracy cannot be guaranteed whenever two or more PLU commands are is-

sued in succession, use only one PLU command to perform superscripting.

D.2 PAPER REVERSE LIMITATION WHEN BOTTOM FEEDING
PAPER
Due to mechanical limitations when feeding paper from the bottom of the
printer. the LA75 cannot accurately perform reverse paper motions. Therefore.

when paper is bottom-fed, the LA75 does not support the Partial Line Up

(PLU) command (Section 4.4.4) because it results in vertical misregistration.
Alternative:
When using bottom paper feed, do not use the

PLU and PLD vertical mo-

- tion commands to achieve superscripting and subscripting. Instead. use the

superscripting and subscripting functions described in Sections 4.4.7.2 and

8.8.5 of this manual.

D.3 AVOID "MULTI-PASS PRINTING” TO ASSURE GOOD PRINT
ACCURACY
Multi-pass printing occurs when software attempts to send more than one line

of data for the same print line. Under certain situations described below the
LA75 will try to "reverse paper for line readjustment.” This reverse motion is

actually a small reverse and forward motion which adjusts the paper back to
the original print line.

Avoid the following three situations:
¢ use of overstrike for bolding at high print densities
* use of the underline character at high print densities
e sending composite characters separate from text characters

Recommended alternative programming methods are identified for each
situation,

NOTE: When using paper rear feed. you may use the following methods as the
alternatives that assure good print accuracy. When using bottom feed. you
MUST use these methods because the LA75 is not able to reverse paper.

D.3.1 Bolding by Overstriking
Do not use character overstrike (sending the same data to the printer twice) as

a method of bolding in

NLQ or LQ density. These high print densities require

two-pass printing with a half-dot forward offset between passes. Therefore,

overstriking in these densities will require "reversing paper for line re-

adjustment” which may result in reduced print quality.
Alternative:

To avoid this. use the LA75 bolding function. (Refer to Sections 4.4.7 and

8.8.4 of this manual.) This function will provide good print accuracy while

increasing print throughput as compared with the bolding by overstriking.

D.3.2 Underlining Text with Underline Character
Do not use the Underline character to underline the text in

NLQ and LQ den-

sities. These high print densities require two-pass printing with a half-dot for-

ward offset between passes. When the text is underlined using the underline
character, the printer must “reverse paper for line readjustment” which may
result in reduced print quality.

196

APPENDIX D

Alternative:

To avoid this, use the LA75 underlining function. (Refer to Sections 4.4.7

and 8.8.6.6 of this manual.) This function will provide good print accuracy
while increasing print throughput as compared with underlining the text
with the underline character.

D.3.3 Printing "Full-Height” Composite Characters

from VT100 Special Graphic Character Set,

DEC Technical Character Set, and IBM Graphic

Character Set
Full-height composite characters are characters such as the vertical bar | (7/8)
of the VT'100 Special Graphic Set which extend vertically to connect to adja-

cent composite characters.
In all print densities, when using the LA75’s "full-height” composite charac-

ters, software may choose to send the composite characters and the normal
text characters in separate lines of data intended for the same print line. If the
composite characters are sent before the last line of data. the printer will need
to “reverse paper for line readjustment” which may result in reduced print
quality.
Alternative:
To avoid this, send the composite characters to the printer in a "single”
line of data along with normal text or during the last line of data intended
for the same print line.
In addition. to assure good horizontal, line-to-line registration when printing the

LA75's composite characters, use the unidirectional printing. Refer to Sections
4.5.7 and 8.6.2 of this manual for the unidirectional printing setup in DEC and

IBM Emulation modes.

APPENDIX D

197

INDEXES

There are four indexes.
1

General/DEC Mode

DEC Mode Printing Commands

IBM Emulation Mode

IBM Emulation Mode Printing Commands

INDEXES

199

GENERAL/DEC MODE

CA
-

Active column, 45. 46, 49. 50

selecting. 45. 82. 92, 93
moving forward. 93

moving backward. 93
Active line, 46, 49

selecting. 46, 69, 92, 93
moving forward, 46, 69, 87, 93
Active position, 49, 82, 84, 93, 94
ANSI announcer sequence, 75

ANSI coding standard. 37

Application Program Command (APC), 48, 55, 57
Aspect ratio, 123