Digital PDFs

DEC-08-NGCC-D

December 1969

20 pages

Original

0.7MB

Document:	PDP-8 Family Paper Tape System User's Guide
Order Number:	DEC-08-NGCC-D
Revision:	0
Pages:	20
Original Filename:

OCR Text

PDP-8 FAMILY
PAPER TAPE
SYSTEM USER'S GUIDE

For additional copies order No. DEC-08-NGCC-D from Program Library, Digital
Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass. Price $3.00

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION ® MAYNARD, MASSACHUS

1st Printing December 1966
1st Revision August- 1968

2nd Revision August 1969

Your attention is Invited to f-he last two pages of
t-his manual. The Reader's Comments page, when
filled in and returned, is beneficial to bot-h you
and DEC. All comments received are considered

when documenting subsequent manuals, and when
assistance is required, a knowledgeable DEC re-

present-ative will contact you. The Software Information page offers you a means of keeping upto-date with DEC'S software.

Read-In Mode Leader DEC-08-LRAA-D

Binary Leader DEC-08-LBAA-D
HELP Leader DEC-08-LHAA-D

Symbolic Tape Editor DEC-08-ESAB-D
PAL III Symbolic Assembler DEC-08-ASAC-D
MACRO-8 Assembler DEC-08-CMAA-D
8K SABR Assembler DEC-08-ARXA-D

DDT-8 DEC-08-CDDB-D
ODT-8 DEC-08-COCO-D

FOCAL DEC-08-AJAD-D
4K FORTRAN DEC-08-AFCO-D
8K FORTRAN DEC-08-KFXB-D

TC01 Bootsfrap Leader DEC-08-LUAA-D
DECtape Programming DEC-08-SUCO-D
TC01AU55 DECfape Formatter DEC-08-EUFA-D
Disk Monitor System DEC-D8-SDAB-D
Introduction to Programming C-18
PDP-8/I and PDP-8/L User's
Handbook ABM

The following are registered trademarks of Digital

Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts:
DEC
FLIP CHIP
DIGITAL

PDP
FOCAL
COMPUTER LAB

PAPER TAPE FORMATS

Data are recorded (punched) on paper tape by groups of holes arranged
in a definite format along the length of the tape. The tape is divided
into channels which run i-he length of the tape, and into columns which
exf-end across the width of the tape as shown in the adjacent diagram.
The paper tape readers and punches used with the PDP-8/I computers
accept 8-channel paper tape. The various formats are briefly explained
and identified below.

SPROCKET
HOLE

Leader/TraiIsr Format

Leader/trailer tape is used to introduce and conclude the object program
when punched on paper tape. Leader/trailer tape can be recognized by
a consistent channel 8 punch only as shown in the adjacent diagram.

INTRO-13

r'
LOCATION
CONTENTS

RIM Format
«

Paper tape punched in RIM format can be identified by the absence of a

. »

LOCATION
CONTENTS

channel 8 punch, and by a channel 7 punch in every fourt-h column. The

LOCATION

channel 7 punch indicates t-he start of a line of coding, and that- (the

CONTENTS

first) column and the second column contain the location and the third

LOCATION

and fourth columns cont-aln the contents of the location.

» a «
a a a

CONTENTS
LOCATION

324
310
31 1
325

USASCII Format

240
31 1

USASCII (USA Standard Code for Information Interchange) format uses

323

all eight channels to represent- a single character (let-t-er, number, or

301

240
323
303

symbol) as shown in the adjacent diagram.

31 1
31 1
240
306
317
322
315
301
3Z4

ORIGIN

Binary Format

(. INSTRUCTION

Binary format can be recognized by the absence of a channel 8 punch,
an occasional channel 7 punch, and frequent sections of blank tape.

INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION

The channel 7 punch denotes an origin of a program or subprogram or

INSTRUCTION

a change in origin, and subsequent columns contain the instructions

INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION

(two columns per insh-uction) or data of succeeding locations.
I. INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION

INTRO-14

ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations listed below are used throughout- the guide.
Meaning

Abbreviations

AC
ADDR
B. SP.
BIN
CLC
CONT
CR

CRAF
CTRLA
DEC
DEP
DF
EAE
D<AM
IF
INST
L
LF
LOAD ADD
LOG
LSP
LSR
HSP
HSR
KBRD
PC
PROG
MA
MB
MQ
MRI
REL
RIM

SA
SHIFT/P
SING INST
SING STEP
SR
sw
TTY
USASCII

Accumulator
Address

Back Space
Bi nary
Current- Location Counter
Continue

Carriage Return
Carriage Return-Line Feed

Control/L (represents holding down the CTRL
key while depressing the L key or the key
following the slash)
Digital Equipment Corporation
DepositData Field

Extended Arithmetic ElementExamine
Instruction Field
Instruction

Link
Line Feed
Load Address
Location

Low-Speed Punch
Low-Speed Reader
High-Speed Punch
1-Iigh-Speed Reader
Keyboard
Program Counf'er
Program

Memory Address
Memory Buffer
Multiplier Quotient
Memory Reference Instruction
Release
Read-In Mode

Starting Address
Shift/P (similar to CTRLA)
Single Instruction
Single Step
Switch Register
Console Switches

Teletype
USA Standard Code for Information Interchange

INTRO-15

SECTION 2
SYSTEM PROGRAMS

FREAD-IN MODE (RIM)LpADER
PURPOSE

The RIM Leader is used to load into core memory programs punched on paper
tape in RIM format, e.g., the Binary Leader. (See DEC-08-LRAA-D for
details.)

STORAGE
REQUIREMENTS

RIM requires locations 7756-7776 (21^ locations). Starting Address=7756.

RIM is loaded (toggled) into core memory using the console switches. RIM
can use either the low- or high-speed readers when loading RIM coded
program tapes into core. The locations and corresponding instructions for
both input devices are listed below.
Instruction
Location

Low-Speed Reader

High-Speed Reader

7756
7757
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776

6032
6031
5357
6036
7106
7006
7510
5357
7006
6031
5367
6034
7420
3776
3376
5356

6014
6011
5357
6016
7106
7006
7510
5374
7006
6011
5367
6016
7420
3776
3376
5357
0000

0000

RIM-1

Figure RIM-1 Loading the RIM Leader

RIM-2

^ RIM Is Loodtd)

Figure RIM-2 Checking the RIM Loader

RIM-3

PURPOSE

The HELP Leader is used to quickly load into core memory the RIM and
BIN Loader programs. (See DEC-08-LHAA-D for details.)

1TQ RAGE
REQUIREMENTS

HELP uses locations 0005-0036 (32 locations) to load the HELP tape into

HELP is in two parts: The first part consists of the 11o instructions shown

core. The HELP tape contains the RIM and BIN Leaders.

below, which are foggled into core using the console switches. The second
part is the HELP Bootsirap Loader punched on paper tape, which is loaded
into core using the low-speed reader.

^ 1 ..:;,:^. ^1^:. LO/'DEF
-:'i/:-"i'-': R.P.W.

Location

Instruction

0027
0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0035
0036
0037
0040

,6031
5027
6036
7450
5027
7012
7010
3007
2036
5027

...''' '', .. ;11 « ..- <.

'-.. :;.. Vl ,i..'= .-1

.:1 '.<':^ .<'^
..;'-- "! i\' '. ;. '' A

;<- ;.'r-\.' r-';7 36
'' I:- ./' '. I p .- , -.1
''':' 7 .'.. 1 ''7 .. ..;'!?

'.'.(. :-i^~,. nr/i 6

"ir 15'--~-'! .;i- - 9.7

HELP-1

^ HELP Is Loaded ^

Figure HELP-1 Loading the HELP Loader

HELP-2

Figure HELP-2 Checking the HELP Leader

HELP-3

0-<

Figure HELP-3 Loading the HELP Bootstrap Tape Into Core

HELP-4

g BINARY (BIN) LOADER
PURPOSE

The BIN Leader is used to load into core memory binary coded programs

punched on paper tape. When in core, BIN can be destroyed only by the
user's program because DEC'S programs (excluding Disk Monitor) do not
use the last page of core (location 7600-7777). (see DEC-08-LBAA-D
for details.)

STORAGE
REQUIREMENTS

BIN occupies locations 7625-7752 and 7777 (123o locations). Starting
Address=7777

RIM is used to load BIN into core. BIN must be loaded into the same field

as RIM, and the input device (low- or high-speed reader) must be that which
was selected when loading RIM.

BIN-1

0-<

Some field settings
as RIM

Figure BIN-1 Loading the BIN Loader

BIN-2

High-Spex) Reader ^ Which "-s^ Low-Speed Readt
Reader
?

Objact Tape
Is Loaded

Figure BIN-2 Loading A Binary Coded Object Tape Using BIN
BIN-3