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Document:	VMS 4.0 VAX VMS Accounting Utility Reference Manual
Order Number:	AA-Z400A-TE
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Pages:	68
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VAX/VMS
Accounting Utility
Reference Manual
Order Number: AA-Z400A-TE

September 1984

This document describes the Accounting Utility for use on VAX
processors.

Revision/Update Information:

This is a new manual.

Software Version:

VAX/VMS Version 4.0

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

September 1984

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.
Copyright ©1984 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The postpaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document
requests the user's critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC
DEC/CMS
DEC/MMS
DECnet
DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM—20
DECUS
DECwriter

DIBOL
EduSystem
IAS
MASSBUS
PDP
PDT
RSTS
RSX

UNIBUS
VAX
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VT

3D3DQ2D
ZK-2305

This document was prepared using an in-house documentation production system. All
page composition and make-up was performed by T^X, the typesetting system developed
by Donald E. Knuth at Stanford University. T^X is a registered trademark of the American
Mathematical Society.

ACCOUNTING Contents
PREFACE

vii

NEW AND CHANGED FEATURES

FORMAT

ACC-1

DESCRIPTION

ACC-2

ACCOUNTING OUTPUTS

ACC-2

Listing Output

ACC-3

1.1.1

Brief Listing Format

ACC-3

1.1.2

Full Listing Format

ACC-3

Summary Listing Format

ACC-4

Binary Output

ACC-4

ERROR MESSAGES

ACC-5

COMMAND QUALIFIERS

ACC-6

/ACCOUNT

ACC-7

/ADDRESS

ACC-8

/BEFORE

ACC-9

/BINARY

ACC-10

/BRIEF

ACC-11

/ENTRY

ACC-12

/FULL

ACC-13

/I DENT

ACC-14

/IMAGE

ACC-15

/JOB

ACC-16

/LOG

ACC-17

/NODE

ACC-18
iii

ACCOUNTING Contents

/OUTPUT

ACC-19

/OWNER

ACC-20

/PRIORITY

ACC-21

/PROCESS

ACC-22

/QUEUE

ACC-23

/REJECTED

ACC-24

/REMOTE ID

ACC-25

/REPORT

ACC-26

/SINCE

ACC-28

/SORT

ACC-29

/STATUS

ACC-31

/SUMMARY

ACC-32

/TERMINAL

ACC-34

/TITLE

ACC-35

/TYPE

ACC-36

/UIC

ACC-37

/USER

ACC-38

EXAMPLES
SECTION A

»v

SUPPLEMENTAL ACCOUNTING
INFORMATION

ACC-39

ACC-43

A.1

FORMAT OF THE ACCOUNTING RECORD

ACC-43

A.2

ACCOUNTING RECORD TYPES

ACC-45

A.3

ACCOUNTING PACKETS

ACC-46

A.3.1

General Format of Accounting Packets

ACC-47

A.3.2

Packet Type ACR$K ID (Identification Packet)

ACC-48

A.3.3

Packet Type ACR$K RESOURCE (Resource Packet)

ACC-50

A.3.4

Packet Type ACR$K_IMAGENAME (Image Name
Packet)

ACC-51

A.3.5

Packet Type ACR$K_PRINT (Print Resource Packet)

ACC-52

ACCOUNTING Contents

A.3.6

Packet Type ACR$K FILENAME (Filename Packet)

ACC-53

A.3.7

Packet Type ACR$K_USER_DATA (User Data
Packet)

ACC-53

INDEX
EXAMPLES
ACC-1

Sample Brief Listing

ACC-3

ACC-2

Sample Full Listing

ACC-3

Sample Summary Output

ACC-4

FIGURES
ACC-4

Accounting Record Format

ACC-44

ACC-5

Accounting Packet Format

ACC-47

ACC-6

Accounting Packet Header Format

ACC-47

ACC-7

Block Diagram for ACR$K JD

ACC-49

ACC-8

Block Diagram for ACR$K RESOURCE

ACC-51

ACC-9

Block Diagram for ACR$K IMAGENAME

ACC-52

ACC-10

Block Diagram for ACR$K PRINT

ACC-52

ACC-11

Block Diagram for ACR$K FILENAME

ACC-53

ACC-12

Block Diagram for ACR$K USER DATA

ACC-54

TABLES
ACC-1

Descriptions of Accounting Record Fields

ACC-44

ACC-2

Descriptions of ACR$W TYPE FIELDS

ACC-44
ACC-46

ACC-3

Accounting Record Types

ACC-4

Descriptions of Accounting Packet Header Fields

ACC-48

ACC-5

Descriptions of ACR$W TYPE Fields

ACC-48

ACC-6

Field Descriptions for ACR$K ID

ACC-49

ACC-7

Field Descriptions for ACR$K RESOURCE

ACC-50
V

ACCOUNTING Contents

ACC-8

Field Descriptions for ACR$K IMAGENAME

ACC-52

ACC-9

Field Descriptions for ACR$K PRINT

ACC-53

ACC-10

Field Descriptions for ACR$K FILENAME

ACC-53

ACC-11

Field Descriptions for ACR$K USER DATA

ACC-54

Preface

Intended Audience
This manual is intended for VAX/VMS system managers, operators, and
system programmers.

Structure of This Document
This document is composed of four major sections.
The Format Section is an overview of ACCOUNTING and is intended as
a quick reference guide. The format summary contains the DCL command
that invokes ACCOUNTING, listing all qualifiers and keywords. The usage
summary describes how to invoke and exit from ACCOUNTING, how to
direct output, and any restrictions you should be aware of.
The Description Section explains how to use ACCOUNTING.
The Qualifier Section describes each DCL command qualifier. Qualifiers
appear in alphabetical order.
The Examples Section contains examples of common operations that you
perform with ACCOUNTING.
The Supplemental Information Section describes the format of the data
records written to the accounting log file.

Associated Documents
For additional information on the topics covered in this document, refer to
the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary and the Guide to VAX/VMS System Management
and Daily Operations.

Conventions Used in This Document
Convention

Meaning

I RET)

A symbol with a one- to three-character
abbreviation indicates that you press a key on
the terminal, for example, I ret | .

|ctrl/x|

The phrase CTRL/x indicates that you must press
the key labeled CTRL while you simultaneously
press another key, for example, CTRL/C, CTRL/Y,
CTRL/O.

$ SHOW TIME
05-JUN-1985 11:55:22

Command examples show all output lines or
prompting characters that the system prints
or displays in black letters. All user-entered
commands are shown in red letters.

Preface

Convention

Meaning

$ TYPE MYFILE.DAT

Vertical series of periods, or ellipsis, mean either
that not all the data that the system would display
in response to the particular command is shown or
that not all the data a user would enter is shown.

file-spec,...

Horizontal ellipsis indicates that additional
parameters, values, or information can be entered.

[logical-name]

Square brackets indicate that the enclosed item
is optional. (Square brackets are not, however,
optional in the syntax of a directory name in a
file specification or in the syntax of a substring
specification in an assignment statement.)

quotation marks
apostrophes

The term quotation marks is used to refer to
double quotation marks ("). The term apostrophe
(') is used to refer to a single quotation mark.

New and Changed Features
There are no technical changes in the Accounting Utility for Version 4.0.

ACCOUNTING

ACCOUNTING
The Accounting Utility (ACCOUNTING) processes system account¬
ing files. It uses the data in accounting files to produce reports and
summaries of system usage.

FORMAT

ACCOUNTING [fi!e-spec[,...]]
Command Qualifiers

Defaults

/[NO]A CCOUNT=([’~ ',]account-name[,...])
/[NO]ADDRESS=(["~ ",]node-address[,...])
/BEFORE[=time]
/[NOJBINARY
/[NOJBRIEF
/[NO]ENTRY=([~- [queue-entry],...])
/[NOJFULL
/[NO]IDENT=(["~ ",[process-id],...])
/[NOJIMA GE=(["~ ",[image-name],...])
/]NO]JOB=(]"- ",[job-name],...])
/[NOJLOG
/[NO]NODE=([~- ",[node-name],...])
/[NO]OUTPUT[=file-spec]
/[NOJO WNER=(["- ",]owner-process-id[,...])
/[NO]PRIORITY=([’~ ",]priority[,...])
/[NO]PROCESS=(["~ ",process-type],...])
/[NO]QUEUE=([’~ ’,]queue-name[,...])
/[NO]REJECTED[=file-spec]
/[NO]REMOTE_ID=([~- ’,]remote-id[,...])
/[NO]REPORT[=(report-item[,...])]
/[NO]SINCE[=time]
/[NO]SORT[=([-]sort-item[,...])]
/[NOJSTA TUS=([’- ~,]exit-status[,...])
/[NO]SUMMARY=(summary-item[,...])
/[NO]TERMINAL=([~- ',]terminal-name[,...])
/[NO]TITLE=title
/[NO]TYPE=([~- ",]record-type[,...])
/[NO]UIC=([~- ~,]uic[,...])
/[NO]USER=([’~ ~,]user-name[,...])

/NOACCOUNT
/NOADDRESS
See text.
/NOBINARY
/BRIEF
/NOENTRY
/NOFULL
/NOIDENT
/NOIMAGE
/NOJOB
/NOLOG
/NONODE
/OUTPUT=SYS$OUTPUT
/NOOWNER
/NOPRIORITY
/NOPROCESS
/NOQUEUE
/NOREJECTED
/NOREMOTE-ID
/NOREPORT
/NOSINCE
/NOSORT
/NOSTATUS
/NOSUMMARY
/NOTERMINAL
/NOTITLE
/NOTYPE
/NOUIC
/NOUSER

Command Parameter
file-spec[,...]
Specifies one or more accounting files as input to be processed by
ACCOUNTING. If you specify more than one file name, separate them with
commas. If you omit the file-spec parameter, data is processed from the
current accounting file, SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTING.DAT.
Wild card characters are allowed in the file specification.

usage summary

Invoking
The following DCL command invokes the utility:
$ ACCOUNTING

[file-spec[_]]

ACC-1

ACCOUNTING
Description

Exiting
Generally, each ACCOUNTING request runs until it completes. However,
you can press CTRL/Y and type EXIT to terminate ACCOUNTING earlier.
Pressing CTRL/Y and typing EXIT terminates ACCOUNTING under normal
conditions, ensuring that all files are handled properly.

Directing Output
You can direct ACCOUNTING output to any supported terminal device or to
a disk or tape file by specifying the /OUTPUT qualifier.

Privileges/Restrictions
Use of ACCOUNTING requires read access to the input accounting file.

DESCRIPTION

The Accounting Utility (ACCOUNTING) uses the data in one or more
previously recorded copies of the system's accounting file to produce new
files or reports. You can use the accounting reports as system management
tools to learn more about how the system is used, how it performs, and in
some cases, how particular individuals use the system. The reports can also
provide a means of billing users for system resources.
The Accounting Utility processes data by selection and/or sorting to produce
four forms of optional output:
•

A brief listing of selected records

•

A full listing of selected records

•

A binary copy of selected and/or rejected records

•

A summary report of selected items from selected records

These forms of output can be directed to a terminal for display or to a disk or
tape file.
You can select records based on fields in the records and their values. A large
number of qualifiers define the field names for selection. Every time you
select records, you create a group of one or more unselected records that you
can optionally store in a binary output file with the /REJECTED qualifier. For
brief or full reports, you can also sort the records prior to listing them.
ACCOUNTING processes accounting log data by reading the currently open
accounting file on a running system or by receiving as input a previously
recorded accounting file. All input data must be in binary format. For
a complete description of the accounting log record formats, refer to the
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information Section.

Accounting Outputs
The Accounting Utility can produce combinations of output for any single
ACCOUNTING request. The basic forms of output are listing and binary
output.
By default, the output is directed to SYS$OUTPUT. However, you can specify
an output file with the /OUTPUT qualifier. You can further specify whether
the output should be in binary or ASCII format with the /BINARY qualifier.
If you specify /BINARY, a binary accounting file is produced that can later
be processed with other accounting commands. However, if you specify
/FULL or /SUMMARY, or assume the default (/BRIEF), an ASCII file is

ACC-2

1.1

Listing Output

There are three basic output formats used for displaying
the full listing, and the summarization report. These for
the following sections, with a sample of each.

1.1.1

Brief Listing Format

The brief listing format provides one line for each recor
file being processed. As shown in Example ACC-1, the
includes the date and time, the type of record, the subty
PROCESS ID, the source, and the status.

Example ACC-1
Date / Time
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984

1.1.2

Sample Brief Listing
Type

11:26:21 LOGFAIL
11:26:53 PROCESS
11:27:33 PROCESS
11:27:58 PROCESS
11:36:33 PROCESS
11:36:44 PRINT
11:37:34 PROCESS
11:38:24 PROCESS
11:39:43 PROCESS

Subtype

Username

login
SUBPROCESS BROSE
NETWORK
NETNONPRIV
INTERACTIVE BBLACK
SUBPROCESS JBROWN
JBROWN
DETACHED
ERUST
INTERACTIVE ERUST
NETWORK
NETNONPRIV

000C0
000A0
000B0
00040
00080
00030
000B0
00020
000C0

Full Listing Format

The full listing format provides all the data for each rec
file being processed. There are small variations in the r
on the presence or absence of data in the record. Exam
fairly typical single accounting record in the full format.

Example ACC-2

Sample Full Listing

INTERACTIVE Process Termination
Username:
Account:
UIC:
Process ID:
Owner ID:
Terminal name:
Remote node addr:
Remote node name:
Remote ID:
Final status code:
Final status text:

BBLACK
PERF
[011,161]
0038001B

Finish time:
23-M
Start time:
23-M
Elapsed time:
Processor time:
4
Priority:
RTA1:
Privilege 31-00: 0014C0
224
Privilege 63-32: 000000
AURA
Queue entry:
00150027
Queue name:
Job name:
00000001
•/.SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful. comp

Page faults:.
Page fault reads:
Peak working set:
Peak page file:

7465
245
719
1224

Direct 10:
Buffered 10:
Volumes mounted:
Images executed:

1077
294
0
16

ACCOUNTING
Description

1.2

Summary Listing Format
Summary output is an ASCII file consisting of the specified report-item values
grouped by the specified summary-items. The summary file reflects the
accumulation throughout the ACCOUNTING period requested. The statistics
in the summary output are either totals or maximum values encountered.
(See the /REPORT qualifier for details.)
The summary output format includes the dates of the accounting period on
the first line. The beginning date appears at the left, optionally followed by
the title specified with the /TITLE qualifier. The ending date for the report
appears at the right margin.
Example ACC-3 illustrates a summary output for the following command:
$ ACCOUNTING/SUMMARY=(ACCOUNT,USER) $_/REPORT=(RECORDS.ELAPSES,PROCESSOR)

Example ACC-3

Sample Summary Output

From:
15-APR-1984 16::33
Account Username

ADMIN
ADMIN
DECMAIL
DECNET
DECNET
DECNET
FIELD
MANUF
MANUF
OPERATNS
SALES
SALES
SALES
SALES
SYSTEM

1.3

JFUSCIA
JGREEN
POSTOFFICE
NETMGR
NETNONPRIV
NETPRIV
FIELD
BBLACK
JBROWN
OPERATOR
BROSE
RCORAL
RGRAY
TBLUE
SYSTEM

To:
Total
Records
128
56
2
1
2443
24
31
37
227
47
87
31
116
30
215

23-APR-1984 14 : 18
Elapsed
Processor
Time
Time
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
4
1
3
2
2
2
7

19:43:47.22
23:14:23.01
00:04:01.10
00:01:31.17
09:01:15.10
00:09:16.72
05:18:16.50
02:38:45.03
04:35:07.25
02:36:32.21
01:24:29.01
14:07:14.36
15:41:44.62
13:52:43.64
00:48:18.81

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10:03:58.09
00:14:55.17
00:00:02.89
00:00:02.81
01:09:42.61
00:00:38.29
00:09:41.59
02:23:35.42
04:30:40.60
01:14:02.66
02:07:41.71
00:17:27.38
01:38:22.01
00:10:27.69
00:48:40.20

Binary Output
A binary output file is itself a VAX/VMS accounting file that is created when
an ACCOUNTING request includes the /BINARY or /REJECTED qualifier.
This file contains a set of the accounting records from the input (source)
accounting files. The set of records included depends on the selection criteria.
All resulting files can be used as source files by later accounting requests to
format and display the data, to create a summary file, or to record a new
binary file with different selection criteria.
With the /BINARY qualifier, all records that match the selection criteria are
written to the binary output file.
With the /REJECTED qualifier, only those records not being selected are
directed to this file.
A complete description of the ACCOUNTING file record formats appears in
the Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information Section.

ACC-4

ACCOUNTING
Description

Notes
1

Disk space—When output from the Accounting Utility is directed to a
file, it is possible to consume large quantities of disk space in a short
period of time. In particular, if disk quota is exceeded during execution
of an ACCOUNTING request, open files are closed and the request is
terminated prematurely. To avoid this situation, carefully plan recording
requests by estimating the amount of disk space required.

Processing time—The size of the file being processed and the type
of processing being done (for example, sorting) can require significant
processing time, which may be particularly noticeable on heavily loaded
systems. If this becomes a problem, you may want to run accounting jobs
in batch mode.

Error Messages
The VAX/VMS System Messages and Recovery Procedures Reference Manual lists
the messages generated by ACCOUNTING and provides explanations and
suggested user actions.

ACC-5

ACCOUNTING
Command Qualifiers

COMMAND
QUALIFIERS

This section explains ACCOUNTING qualifiers and provides examples of
their use. The qualifiers follow the standard rules of DCL grammar, as
specified in the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary. Thus, you can abbreviate any
qualifier or keyword as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous. The
asterisk and the percent sign characters can be used as wildcard characters.
Some qualifiers accept a list of keywords. If the first keyword in the list is a
minus sign enclosed in quotation marks
, all records are selected except
those matching any account-name in the list.

ACC-6

ACCOUNTING
/ACCOUNT

/ACCOUNT
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
account-name are selected. If you omit the qualifier or specify
/NOACCOUNT, the account-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/ACCOUNT^/'- ”,]account-name[,...])
/NOACCOUNT

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
account-name.

account-name[,...]
Specifies the account name used to select records. The account-name matches
the account-name as specified in the user authorization file.
When you specify the /ACCOUNT qualifier, you must specify at least one
account-name. If you specify more than one account-name, separate them
with commas and enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
Q

$ ACCOUNTING /ACCOUNT=(MISHA.MARCO)

The command in this example selects records matching the accounts MISHA
and MARCO.

$ ACCOUNTING /ACC0UNT=("-".MARCO)

The command in this example selects records for all accounts except MARCO.

ACC—7

ACCOUNTING
/ADDRESS

/ADDRESS
Controls whether only those records matching the specified remote
node-address are selected. If you omit the qualifier or specify
/NOADDRESS, the node-address is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/ADDRESS=(T- ",]node-address[,...])
/NOADDRESS

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
node address.

node-address[,...]
Specifies the node-address used to select records. The node-address is a
unique numeric identifier for DECnet nodes.
When you specify the /ADDRESS qualifier, you must specify at least one
node-address. If you specify more than one node-address, separate them with
commas and enclose the list in parentheses.

ACC-8

ACCOUNTING
/BEFORE

/BEFORE
Controls whether only those records dated earlier than the specified
time are selected. If you specify /BEFORE without the time or omit
the qualifier, the current date and time are used by default.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/ B E FO R E[=time]
/NOBEFORE
time
Specifies the time used to select records. Records dated earlier than the
specified time are selected. You can specify an absolute time, delta time, or a
combination of the two. Observe the syntax rules for date and time described
in the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /BEF0RE=5-MAR-1984

The command in this example selects all records dated earlier than March 5,
1984.

ACC-9

ACCOUNTING
/BINARY

/BINARY
Controls whether output is a binary accounting file.

FORMAT

/[NOJBINARY

qualifier
keywords

None.

DESCRIPTION

When /BINARY is specified, the output file, specified using the /OUTPUT
qualifier, contains image copies of the selected input records. If you specify
/NOBINARY or omit the qualifier, the output file contains formatted ASCII
records.
The /BINARY /BRIEF, /FULL, and /SUMMARY qualifiers cannot be used in
combination with each other.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING/BINARY/OUTPUT=MYACC.DAT

The command in this example writes accounting data in binary format to the
file MYACC.DAT.

ACC-10

ACCOUNTING
/BRIEF

/BRIEF
Controls whether a brief format is used in ASCII displays.

FORMAT

/[NO]BRIEF

qualifier
keywords

None.

DESCRIPTION By default, records are displayed in the brief format. You must specify /FULL
to have the full contents of each selected record displayed.
The /BINARY /BRIEF, /FULL, and /SUMMARY qualifiers cannot be used in
combination with each other.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /OUTPUT=MYACC.DAT

The command in this example displays the brief contents of each selected
record. See Example ACC-1 for a sample BRIEF display.

ACC-11

ACCOUNTING
/ENTRY

/ENTRY
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
queue-entry number are selected. If you specify /NOENTRY or
omit the qualifier, the queue entry is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/ENTRY=(["- ",]queue-entry[,...])
/NOENTRY

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
queue entry.

queue-entry[,...]
Specifies the queue-entry identifier used to select records. The queue entry is
a unique numeric identifier assigned to entries in device and batch queues.
When you specify the /ENTRY qualifier, you must specify at least one queue
entry. If you specify more than one queue entry, separate them with commas
and enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /ENTRY=(211.212,213)

The command in this example selects accounting records that match the
queue-entry numbers specified in the list.

$ ACCOUNTING /ENTRY=(,'-,,,25)

The command in this example selects records for all queue-entries except
number 25.

ACC-12

ACCOUNTING
/FULL

/FULL
Controls whether a full format is used in ASCII displays. If you
specify /NOFULL or omit the qualifier, records are displayed in the
brief format.

FORMAT

/[NO]FULL

qualifier
keywords

None.

DESCRIPTION

By default, records are displayed in the brief format. You must specify /FULL
to have the full contents of each selected record displayed.
The /BINARY /BRIEF, /FULL, and /SUMMARY qualifiers cannot be used in
combination with each other.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /FULL

The command in this example displays the full contents of each selected
record. See Example ACC-2 for a sample FULL display.

ACC-13

ACCOUNTING
/IDENT

/IDENT
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
process-id are selected. If you specify /NOIDENT or omit the
qualifier, the process-id is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/IDENT=C-",]process-id[,...])
/NOIDENT

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching the specified
process-id.

process-id[,...]
Specifies the process-id used to select records. When you specify /IDENT,
you must specify at least one process-id. If you specify more than one
process-id, separate them with commas and enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /IDENT=(25634,045A6B)

The command in this example selects records matching the process-ids
specified.
Q

$ ACCOUNTING /IDENT=( ” - " ,2B758)

The command in this example selects all records except those matching the
specified process-id.

ACC-14

ACCOUNTING
/IMAGE

/IMAGE
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
image-name are selected. If you specify /NOIMAGE or omit the
qualifier, the image-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/I MAG E=(T— ",]image-name[,...])
/NOIMAGE

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those that match the specified
image-name.

image-name[,...]
Specifies the image-name used to select records. Specify only the filename
portion of the image file specification, such as EDT.
When you specify /IMAGE, you must specify at least one image-name. If
you specify more than one image-name, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /IMAGE=SYSGEN

The command in this example selects all records that match the specified
image-name SYSGEN.
0

$ ACCOUNTING /IMAGE=("-",SYSGEN)

The command in this example selects records for all images except SYSGEN.

ACC-15

ACCOUNTING
/JOB

/JOB
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
job-name are selected. A job-name is assigned to an entry in a
device or batch queue. If you specify /NOJOB or omit the qualifier,
the job-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/JOB=(["- ”,]job-name[,...])
/NOJOB

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
job-name.

job-name[,... ]
Specifies the job-name used to select records. When you specify /JOB, you
must specify at least one job-name. If you specify more than one job-name,
separate them with commas and enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /J0B=(MYJ0B1.MYJ0B2)

The command in this example selects all records that match the job-names
MYJOB1 and MYJOB2.
0

$ ACCOUNTING /JOB=("-”.MYJ0B1.MYJ0B2)

The command in this example selects all records except those that match
MYJOB1 and MYJOB2.

ACC—16

lected record counts, rejected record counts) are
SYS$OUTPUT.

FORMAT

/[NO]LOG

qualifier
keywords

None.

DESCRIPTION

By default, messages are not displayed. If more than one
in an ACCOUNTING command with the /LOG qualifie
message for each file, and a total is provided.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /LOG
Date / Time
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984
15-APR-1984

13:42:44
13:53:29
13:53:38
13:54:43
13:58:04
14:10:29
14:28:56
14:33:31

%ACC-I-INPUT,

Type

Subtype

FILE
PROCESS
SYSINIT
LOGFAIL
PROCESS
PROCESS
PROCESS
PRINT

Username

BATCH

SYSTEM
SYSTEM
LOGIN, Login
INTERACTIVE MATTHEWS
NETWORK
R0BIN.NET
SUBPROCESS
SMITH
JONES

SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSMGR]ACCOUNTING.DAT;1,

Source

00000000
20800116
20800104
Processor
20800128 TTF5:
20800132 AXEL
2080013E
21400117

33 selected,

Status
00000000
10030001
107781AB
208001ID VTA4
00000001
10000004
10000001
00040001

0 rejected

The command in this example displays accounting recor
informational messages such as selected record counts a
counts.

ACCOUNTING
/NODE

/NODE
Controls whether only those records matching the specified remote
DECnet node-name are selected. If you specify /NONODE or omit
the qualifier, the node-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/NODE=(["- ”,]node-name[,...])
/NONODE

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
remote node-name.

node-name[,...]
Specifies the remote node-name used to select records. Colons (:) are not
allowed in the node-name specification, so you would select the records for a
node such as AURA with /NODE=AURA.
When you specify /NODE, you must specify at least one node-name. If you
specify more than one node-name, separate them with commas and enclose
the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /NODE=NOROT

The command in this example selects records for the remote node-name
NOROT.
2

$ ACCOUNTING /NODE=("-".NOROT,ROBERT.SEESHA)

The command in this example selects records for all remote node-names
except those named in the list.

ACC-18

ACCOUNTING
/OUTPUT

/OUTPUT
Specifies where to direct accounting output. If you omit the qualifier,
selected records are output to SYSSOUTPUT.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/OUTPUT[^file-spec]
/NOOUTPUT

file-spec[,...]
Specifies the name of the file that is to contain the selected records.
If you omit the device or directory specification, the current device and default
directory are used. If you omit the file name, then the file name of the input
file is used. If you omit the file type and the output is ASCII (/NOBINARY),
the default file type is LIS. If you omit the file type and the output is binary
(/BINARY), the default file type is DAT.

EXAMPLES
Q

$ ACCOUNTING/BINARY/OUTPUT=STAT.DAT

The command in this example selects accounting records and outputs them in
binary to the file STAT.DAT.
2

$ ACCOUNTING /OUTPUT=STAT

The command in this example selects accounting records and outputs them in
brief ASCII format to the file STAT.LIS. Notice that the default file type for
ASCII output is LIS.

ACC-19

ACCOUNTING
/OWNER

/OWNER
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
owner-process-id are selected. If you specify /NOOWNER or omit
the qualifier, the owner-process-id is not used to select records.

FORMAT

qualifier
keywords

/OWNERS/"- "f]o wner-process-id[,...])
/NOOWNER
//

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
owner-process-id.

owner-process-id[,...]
Specifies the owner process identification number used to select records.
Owner-process-ids are only present in subprocesses to specify the process-id
of their owner process.
When you specify /OWNER, you must specify at least one owner-process-id.
If you specify more than one, separate them with commas and enclose the list
in parentheses.

ACC-20

ACCOUNTING
/PRIORITY

/PRIORITY
Controls whether only those records matching the specified base
process priority are selected. If you specify /NOPRIORITY or omit
the qualifier, the priority is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/PRIORITY^''- ",]priority[,...])
/NOPRIORITY

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified base
process priority.

priority[,...]
Specifies the process base priority used to select records.
When you specify /PRIORITY, you must specify at least one priority. If you
specify more than one priority, separate them with commas and enclose the
list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /PRI0RITY=3

$ ACCOUNTING /PRIORITY=("-".3)

The command in this example selects records that match a base priority of 3.

The command in this example selects all records except those that match a
base priority of 3.

ACC-21

ACCOUNTING
/PROCESS

/PROCESS
Controls whether only those process-termination records match¬
ing the specified process-type are selected. If you specify
/NOPROCESS or omit the qualifier, the process-type is not used
to select records.

FORMAT

qualifier
keywords

/PROC ESS=(["~ ",]process-type[,...])
/NOPROCESS

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
process-type.

process-type[,...]
Specifies the process-type used to select records.
When you specify /PROCESS, you must specify at least one process-type.
If you specify more than one process-type, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.
You can specify any of the following process-types:
Keyword

Meaning

BATCH

Batch process

DETACHED

Detached process

INTERACTIVE

Interactive process

NETWORK

Network processs

SUBPROCESS

Subprocess

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /PROCESS=INTERACTIVE

The command in this example selects records that match the process-type
INTERACTIVE.
S

$ ACCOUNTING /PROCESS=("-".INTERACTIVE.DETACHED)

The command in this example selects all records except those that match the
process-types INTERACTIVE or DETACHED.

ACC-22

ACCOUNTING
/QUEUE

/QUEUE
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
queue-name are selected. If you specify /NOQUEUE or omit the
qualifier, the queue-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/QU E U E=(T- ",]queue-name[,...])
/NOQUEUE

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
queue-name.

queue-name[,...]
Specifies the queue-name used to select records. A queue-name is a unique
identifier for a device or batch queue.
When you specify /QUEUE, you must specify at least one queue-name. If
you specify more than one queue-name, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.

ACC-23

ACCOUNTING
/REJECTED

/REJECTED
Controls whether records that do not match the selection criteria
are output to a specified file. Unselected records are always in
binary format. If you specify /NOREJECTED or omit the qualifier,
unselected records are not output.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/R EJ ECTED[=file-spec]
/NOREJECTED
file-spec
Specifies the name of the file to contain unselected records. If you omit the
device or directory specification, the current device and default directory are
used. If you omit the filename, then the filename of the input file is used. If
you omit the file type, REJ is used.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /REJECTED=ACCOUNTING

The command in this example outputs all unselected records to the file
ACCOUNTING.REJ. Notice that the default file type is REJ.

ACC-24

ACCOUNTING
/REMOTE_ID

/REMOTE- ID
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
remote-id are selected. The remote-id identifies the process or
user on a remote node. If you specify /REMOTE_ID or omit the
qualifier, the remote-id is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/REMOTE—I D=(["~ ",]remote-id[,...])
/NOREMOTE—ID

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
remote-id.

remote-id
Specifies the remote process identification code used to select records. The ex¬
act format of a remote-id varies with the context and DECnet implementation.
For VAX/VMS systems, the remote-id is always the username.
When you specify /REMOTE-ID, you must specify at least one remote-id.
If you specify more than one remote-id, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /REMOTE_ID=ROBIN

The command in this example requests accounting information for the remote
user ROBIN.

ACC-25

ACCOUNTING
/REPORT

/REPORT
Controls whether a specified item is included in a summary report.
One column is generated on the summarization report for each item
specified. Items are summarized either as totals or maximum values
The /REPORT qualifier requires the /SUMMARY qualifier. (See the
description of the /SUMMARY qualifier.)

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/REPORT[=(report-item[,...])]
/NOREPORT
report-item[,...]
Specifies the report-item used to select records.
You can specify any of the following items:
Keyword

Meaning

How Summarized

BUFFERED_IO

Buffered IOs

Total

DIRECT_IO

Direct IOs

Total

ELAPSED

Elapsed time

Total

EXECUTION

Image execution count

Total

FAULTS

Page faults

Total

GETS

VAX RMS gets

Total

PAGE_FILE

Page file usage

Maximum

PAGE_READS

Page read IOs

Total

PAGES

Pages printed

Total

PROCESSOR

Processor time consumed

Total

OIOS

QIOs issued

Total

RECORDS

Records in file (default)

Total

VOLUMES

Volumes mounted

Total

WORKING_SET

Working set size

Maximum

If you specify more than one report-item, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.
The columns on the summarization report appear in the same left-to-right
sequence as given in the list of report-items.

DESCRIPTION

If you specify /REPORT without a value (or if you specify /SUMMARY and
do not specify /REPORT), then /REPORT=RECORDS is assumed.
To obtain a summary by image (when image accounting is enabled)
showing the number of times individual images were executed, specify
/SUMMARY=IMAGE/REPORT=RECORDS (not /REPORT=EXECUTION).
These qualifiers will display the total number of termination records for each
image.

ACC-26

ACCOUNTING
/REPORT

Many report-items are present in only a few types of accounting records.
If records are selected that do not contain a report value that has been
requested, a default value, usually 0, is used.

EXAMPLES
Q

$ ACCOUNTING /SUMMARY/REP0RT=(DIRECT_I0,BUFFERED_IO)

The command in this example produces a summary report of direct I/O and
buffered I/O records.
0

$ ACCOUNTING /SUMMARY=IMAGE /REP0RT=REC0RDS

The command in this example produces a summary, by image name, of image
terminations, along with the total number of image termination records for
each image.

ACC-27

ACCOUNTING
/SINCE

/SINCE
Controls whether only those records dated later than a specified
time are selected. If you specify /NOSINCE or omit the qualifier, no
time is used to select records.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/S\NCE[=time]
/NOSINCE
time
Specifies the time used to select records. Records dated later than the spec¬
ified time are selected. You can specify an absolute time, delta time, or a
combination of the two. Observe the syntax rules for date and time described
in the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary.
If you specify /SINCE without the time, midnight of the current day is used.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /SINCE=15-APR-1984

The command in this example selects records dated later than April 15, 1984

ACC-28

ACCOUNTING
/SORT

/SORT
Specifies the sequence of the records in the brief or full listing. THE
/SORT qualifier may be used with the /BINARY, /BRIEF, and /FULL
qualifiers, but not with /SUMMARY.

FORMAT

qualifier
keywords

/SORT[=([-]sort-item[,...])]
/NOSORT

Specifies that the sort field is used as a descending key. By default the
sequence is the same as that of the input files.

sort-item[,...]
Specifies the sort-item used to select records.
At least one sort-item must be specified. If you specify more than one
sort-item, separate them with commas and enclose the list in parentheses.
You can specify any of the following sort-items:
Keyword

Meaning

ACCOUNT

User's account name

ADDRESS

Remote node address

BUFFERED_IO

Buffered 10 count

DIRECT—IO

Direct 10 count

ELAPSED

Elapsed time

ENTRY

Number of batch or print job queue entry

EXECUTION

Image execution count

FAULTS

Page faults

FINISHED

Termination time or time record was written

GETS

Number of gets from the file to be printed

IDENT

Process identification

IMAGE

Image name

JOB

Name of batch or print job

NODE

Remote node name

OWNER

Owner process identification

PAGES

Number of pages printed

PAGE-FILE

Peak page file usage

PAGE-READS

Page read 10s

PRIORITY

Process base priority

PROCESS

Process type

PROCESSOR

Processor time

ACC-29

ACCOUNTING
/SORT

DESCRIPTION

Keyword

Meaning

QIOS

Number of QIOs to the printer

QUEUE

Name of queue

QUEUED

Time batch or print job was queued

STARTED

Start time

TERMINAL

Terminal name

TYPE

Record type

UIC

User identification code

USER

User's name

VOLUMES

Number of volumes mounted

WORKING-SET

Peak working set size

If a sort-item is preceded by a minus sign (-), then that field is used as a
descending key. By default keys are assumed to be ascending.
The selected records are sorted according to the sequence specified by the
sort-items given with the /SORT qualifier prior to writing them to the
designated output file. Unselected records are not sorted. The ordering of
sort-items in the qualifier value list determines the relative ranking of the
keys.
Note that if a sort-item specifies a field that is not present in a record,
that record becomes unselected and will be reflected as such in the counts
of selected and rejected records. For example, /SORT=IMAGE would
cause non-image termination records to be excluded, since image termi¬
nation records are the only record types that contain image names. Or,
/SORT=PAGES would exclude nonprint termination records.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /SORT=(PROCESS.FAULTS.IMAGE)

The command in this example sorts the selected records in the sequence
specified by the /SORT qualifier.

ACC-30

ACCOUNTING
/STATUS

/STATUS
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
exit-status are selected. The exit-status refers to the final com¬
pletion status of the process or image. If you specify /NOSTATUS
or omit the qualifier, the exit-status is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/STATUS=(T- ",]exit-status[,...])
/NOSTATUS

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
exit-status.

exit-status[,...]
Specifies the exit-status used to selected records.
When you specify /STATUS, you must specify at least one exit-status. If you
specify more than one exit-status, separate them with commas and enclose
the list in parentheses.

ACC-31

ACCOUNTING
/SUMMARY

/SUMMARY
Specifies that a summary of the selected records, grouped by the
list of summary keys, be produced. Use the /REPORT qualifier to
control what information is summarized. If you omit the /REPORT
qualifier, then /REPORT=RECORDS is assumed. The /SUMMARY
qualifier is required with the /REPORT qualifier.
If you specify /NOSUMMARY or omit the qualifier, no summarization
occurs.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/SUMMARY[=(summary-item[,...])]
/NOSUMMARY
summary-item[,...]
Specifies the summary-item used to select records. You can specify any of the
following summary-items:
Keyword

Outputs

ACCOUNT

Account name from the UAF

DATE

YYYY MM DD

DAY

Day of month (1-31)

HOUR

Hour of day (0-23)

IMAGE

Image name

JOB

Name of batch job or print job

MONTH

Month of year (1-12)

NODE

Remote node name

PROCESS

Process type

QUEUE

Batch or device queue name

TERMINAL

Terminal name

TYPE

Type of record (logout, batch)

UIC

User identification code

USER

User name from UAF

WEEKDAY

Day of week (0=Sunday, 1=Monday, and so on)

YEAR

Year

If you specify /SUMMARY without a value, then /SUMMARY=USER is
assumed.
If you specify more than one summary-item, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.

ACC-32

ACCOUNTING
/SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION

The summarized items are sorted in ascending order and listed in the same
left-to-right sequence given in the list of summary-items. The output is sent
to SYS$OUTPUT unless specifically directed elsewhere by the /OUTPUT
qualifier.
The /BINARY /BRIEF, /FULL, and /SUMMARY qualifiers cannot be used in
combination with each other.

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /SUMMARY=IMAGE

The command in this example generates a summary report of all image
records.

ACC-33

ACCOUNTING
/TERMINAL

/TERMINAL
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
terminal-names are selected. Terminal-names are associated with
interactive processes. If you specify /NOTERMINAL or omit the
qualifier, the terminal-name is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/TERMINAU/r- ",]terminal-name[,...])
/NOTERMINAL

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
terminal-name.

terminal-name[,...]
Specifies the terminal-name used to select records.
When you specify /TERMINAL, you must specify at least one terminal-name.
Specify terminal-names as standard device names and include the colon (:),
for example, TTA6:.
If you specify more than one terminal-name, separate them with commas and
enclose the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /TERMINAL=TTB3:

The command in this example selects records that match the terminal-name
TTB3:.
0

$ ACCOUNTING /TERMINAL^ ("-",TTB3:)

The command in this example selects all records except those that match the
terminal-name TTB3:.

ACC-34

ACCOUNTING
/TITLE

/TITLE
Specifies the title to be printed in the center of the first line of
summary reports. The title line also includes the beginning and
ending times for the data summary at the left and right margins,
respectively.

FORMAT

qualifier
keyword

/TITLE=f/f/e
/NOTITLE
title
Specifies the title to be printed on the summary report. If the title includes
spaces or special characters, you must enclose it in quotation marks ("").

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /SUMMARY=IMAGE/TITLE="JUNE ACCOUNTING REPORT"

The command in this example selects image records for a summary report
and writes the title "JUNE ACCOUNTING REPORT" at the top of the report.

ACC-35

ACCOUNTING
/TYPE

/TYPE
Controls whether only those records matching the specified
record-type are selected. If you specify /NOTYPE or omit the
qualifier, the record-type is not used to select records.

FORMAT

qualifier
keywords

/TYPE=(T- ",]record-type[,...])
/NOTYPE

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
record-type.

record-type[,.. J
Specifies the record-type used to select records. You can specify any of the
following record types:
Keyword

Meaning

FILE

Accounting file forward and backward pointers

IMAGE

Termination of image

LOGFAIL

Unsuccessful conclusion of a login attempt

Termination of print job

PROCESS

Termination of process

SYSINIT

System initialization

UNKNOWN

Any record not recognized as one of the above

USER

Arbitrary user messages

When you specify /TYPE, you must specify at least one record-type. If you
specify more than one record-type, separate them with commas and enclose
the list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /TYPE=PRINT

The command in this example selects records that match the record-type
PRINT.
E

$ ACCOUNTING /TYPE=("-".PRINT)

The command in this example selects all records except those that match the
record-type PRINT.

ACC-36

ACCOUNTING
/UIC

/UIC
Controls whether only those records matching the specified user
identification code (UIC) are selected. If you specify /NOUIC or omit
the qualifier, the UIC is not used to select records.

FORMAT

qualifier
keywords

'/UIC]uic[,...])
/NOUIC
//

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
UIC.

uic[,...]
Specifies the user identification code (UIC) used to select records.
When you specify /UIC, you must specify at least one UIC. If you specify
more than one UIC, separate them with commas and enclose the list in
parentheses. You may specify the UIC in numeric or alphanumeric format
(see the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary).

EXAMPLE
$ ACCOUNTING /UIC=[360,*]

The command in this example selects records that match UICs having a group
number of 360.

ACC-37

ACCOUNTING
/USER

/USER
Controls whether only those records matching the specified username are selected. The username matches the username in the user
authorization file. If you specify /NOUSER or omit the qualifier, the
username is not used to select records.

FORMAT

/USER=/r- ", ]username[,...])
/NOUSER

qualifier
keywords

Specifies that all records are selected except those matching any specified
username.

username[,...]
Specifies the user-name used to select records.
When you specify /USER, you must specify at least one username. If you
specify more than one username, separate them with commas and enclose the
list in parentheses.

EXAMPLES
□

$ ACCOUNTING /USER=SASHA

The command in this example selects records that match the username
SASHA.

$ ACCOUNTING /USER=("-",SASHA)

The command in this example selects all records except those that match the
username SASHA.

ACC-38

ACCOUNTING
Examples

EXAMPLES
Listing Accounting Files
The following examples illustrate the listing mode of operation. Use this
mode when you want to examine the activity of the system, either on a rou¬
tine basis, or as part of an installation checkout, tuning, or trouble-shooting
exercise. No historical record of output is kept.
Q

$ ACCOUNTING

This command produces a display of all accounting records in the current
accounting file. Since no command qualifiers have been named, ACCOUNT¬
ING applies the following defaults to the command:
•

/BRIEF = a brief listing

•

input file=SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTNG.DAT

•

/OUTPUT = SYS$OUTPUT

By default, listing begins when the command is issued and ends when you
reach the end of the accounting file.
0

$ ACCOUNTING MYFILE

This command also provides a brief listing, but lists from a specified binary
input file.
0

$ ACCOUNTING/FULL

The command in this example provides a full listing of all the records in the
current accounting file.

Selecting Records
You identify groups of accounting records with one or more of the following
selection qualifiers: /ACCOUNT, /ADDRESS, /BEFORE, /ENTRY, /IDENT,
/IMAGE, /JOB, /NODE, /OWNER, /PRIORITY, /PROCESS, /QUEUE,
/REMOTE_ID, /SINCE, /STATUS, /TERMINAL, /TYPE, /UIC, and /USER.
If you omit these qualifiers, the defaults provide for selecting all records. The
next example illustrates selection.
Q

$ ACCOUNTING /SINCE=15-APR-1984 $_/BEF0RE=22-JUN-1982:23:59:99/ACC0UNT=MANUFA/N0DE=0SCAR $~/TYPE=LOGFAIL

This command selects and lists in brief format only the login failure records
on a particular day from the MANUFA account on the remote node OSCAR.
Selection is also valuable for summary reports, as the following example
illustrates.

ACC-39

ACCOUNTING
Examples

$ ACCOUNTING/TYPE=PROCESS/PROCESS=INTERACTIVE $_/PRIORITY=("-",4)/SUMMARY=(USER,TERMINAL) $_/REPORT=(RECORDS,ELAPSED,PROCESSOR)

This command selects all interactive process terminations that had a base
priority other than 4, summarizes them by user name and terminal name, and
reports the number of records of each, their total elapsed time, and the total
processor time. The output is directed to SYS$OUTPUT.

Sorting Records
You use the /SORT qualifier to specify the fields that you want the sort to
occur on and whether the desired sequence is ascending or descending. For
example:

$ ACCOUNTING/SORT=(USER.ACCOUNT.-STATUS)

This command sorts all records in the current accounting file first by the
username and then by the account in ascending order and by final status, in
descending order to provide a brief listing.
You can also sort just those records that you select, by combining one or more
selection qualifiers with the /SORT qualifier. However, you use the /SORT
qualifier only for brief or full listings, not for summary reports. For example:
Q

$ ACCOUNTING/TYPE=PRINT/QUEUE=LPCO/SORT=USER

This command selects all print jobs completed on queue LPCO and then sorts
them by user name, producing a brief listing.

Directing ACCOUNTING Output
ACCOUNTING output can be routed to any supported terminal device or to
a disk or tape file. The command in Example 8 sends an ASCII listing of all
records in the accounting file to the file ACCOPY.LIS. You can then print out
the file on a hardcopy device.
E

$ ACCOUNTING /OUTPUT=ACCOPY

You can also direct binary output to a file whenever you need to capture
ACCOUNTING data for future use. For example, you might want to plan for
routine performance data gathering for long-term analysis. ACCOUNTING
data can be recorded on a routine basis and summarized to gather data about
system resource utilization over long periods of time.
Example 9 illustrates another case of directing the output to a separate file.
E

$ ACCOUNTING/TYPE=PROCESS/PROCESS=BATCH/QUEUE=("-",SYS$BATCH) $_/OUTPUT=BATCH/REJECTED=NOBATCH

This command uses the current accounting file and selects all records that
are batch process terminations for all queues other than SYS$BATCH. The
selected records are formatted into a brief listing and output to a BATCH.LIS.
The rejected records are copied in their binary form to NOBATCH.REJ.

ACC-40

ACCOUNTING
Examples

Using DCL Symbols
You may want to define DCL symbols for frequently used combinations. For
example:

$ MY.GROUP

:==

"/USER=(MARY.TOM,DICK,HARRY,BARNEY.ALICE)

$_/PROCESS=INTERACTIVE/TYPE=PROCESS"
$_ACCOUNTING

'MY.GROUP'

This example shows how you can define the DCL symbol MY_GROUP and
use it as a parameter to the ACCOUNTING command.

ACC-41

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

The following sections describe the format of the data records written to the
accounting log file SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTNG.DAT.
These records are generated by a number of system events, including the
following:
•

Process or image termination

•

System initialization

•

Printer jobs

User processes can send messages to the accounting log file using the Send
Message to Accounting Manager ($SNDACC) system service. These messages
can be used to write an arbitrary message to the accounting log file or to
enable or disable accounting log file operations. The $SNDACC system
service and the formats of these messages are documented in the VAX/VMS
System Services Reference Manual.
The accounting record types, the offsets within the accounting records, and
the other symbols used in these formats are all defined by the symbolic
definition macro $ACRDEF.
Note: The formats described here are valid for VAX/VMS Versions 3.0 and 4.0,
but are subject to change without further advance notice at the time of
any future system release.

A. 1

Format of the Accounting Record
An accounting record consists of an accounting record header and a number
of information packets. The number of information packets depends on the
type of information being sent.
Figure ACC-4 illustrates the general format of the accounting record; Ta¬
ble ACC-1 describes the fields contained in this record. The type field in the
accounting record header (described in Table ACC-1) is subdivided into five
fields. Table ACC-2 describes these fields.

ACC-43

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Figure ACC-4

Accounting Record Format
TYPE
A—

Customer
Version
SubType

Length

ACR$W_LENGTH

Header
Type

ACR$W_TYPE
ACCOUNTING
>- RECORD
HEADER

System Time
(8 bytes)

ACR$Q_SYSTIME

Packet 1

INFORMATION
PACKETS

Packet n

ZK-957-82

Table ACC-1

Descriptions of Accounting Record Fields

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

type

ACR$W_TYPE

Information describing the record.
This field is subdivided into five fields,
as described in Table ACC-2 (word)

length

ACR$W_LENGTH

Total length of the record (word)

system time

ACR$Q_SYSTIME

Current system time (quadword)
Information packets associated with
the record (variable length)

packet 1-n

Table ACC-2

Descriptions of ACR$W_TYPE FIELDS

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

header

ACR$V_PACKET

Identifies this header as a record header. This bit must be set to 0
(1 bit)

type

ACR$V_TYPE

Indicates the purpose of the record. There are currently 8 record
types. Record types and their meanings are summarized in the
discussion of the /TYPE qualifier.

ACC—44

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-2 (Cont.)

Descriptions of ACR$W_TYPE FIELDS

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

subtype

ACR$V_SUBTYPE

Indicates the process type with which the record is associated. The
subtypes (4 bits) are
Symbol

version

customer

A.2

ACR$V_VERSION

ACR$ V_CUST OMER

Meaning

ACR$K_INTER ACTIVE

Interactive process

ACR$K_SUBPROCESS

Subprocess

ACR$K_DET ACHED

Detached process

ACR$K_BATCH

Batch process

ACR$K_NETWORK

Network process

Indicates the accounting format with which the record is associated.
The formats (3 bits) are
Symbol

Meaning

ACR$K_VERSION2

VAX/VMS Version 2.0 Accounting
format

ACR$K_VERSI0N3T

VAX/VMS Version 3.0 field test ac¬
counting format

ACR$K_VERSION3

VAX/VMS Version 3.0 accounting
format

Identifies whether the record was written by DIGITAL software or
by customer software. If the bit is not set, the record was written
by DIGITAL software. If the bit is set to 1, the record was written
by customer software (1 bit).

Accounting Record Types
Accounting record types identify the type of operation that caused the record
to be sent. There are currently eight accounting record types.
Each type of accounting record requires a defined set of packets. Table
ACC-3 describes the accounting record types and lists the packets required
by each type. Note that the subtype field in the ACR$W_TYPE field is only
meaningful when used with the first two record types: process deleted and
image deleted.

ACC-45

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-3

A.3

Accounting Record Types

Symbol

Meaning

ACR$K_PRCDEL

A process was deleted. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_RESOURCE

ACR$K_IMGDEL

An image was deleted. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_RESOURCE
ACR$K_IMAGENAME

ACR$K_SYSINIT

System was initialized. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_RESOURCE

ACR$K_LOGFAIL

A login validation failed. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_RESOURCE

ACR$K_PRINT

A print job was queued. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_PRINT

ACR$K_USER

User-supplied data. Requires:
ACR$K_ID
ACR$K_USER_DATA

ACR$K_FILE_FL

Accounting file forward link. Requires:
ACR$K_FILENAME

ACR$K_FILE_BL

Accounting file backward link. Requires:
ACR$K_FILENAME

Accounting Packets
There are six types of accounting packets:
•

Identification packet

•

Resource packet

•

Image name packet

•

Print resource packet

•

Filename packet

•

User data packet

Section A.3.1 describes the general format of the accounting packets. Sec¬
tions A.3.2 through A.3.7 describe the organization of the different accounting
packets.

ACC-46

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

A.3.1

General Format of Accounting Packets
Each packet type contains a packet header, followed by data fields. The
data fields can contain fixed-length data, variable-length data, or offsets
to variable-length data. Offsets contain the distance, in bytes, from the
beginning of the packet to the variable-length data.
All variable-length data are represented as counted strings. Variable-length
data follow the last fixed-length data field in the packet. Figure ACC-5
illustrates the general format of the accounting packet.
Figure ACC-5

Accounting Packet Format

Type

Length

PACKET HEADER

4*
FIXED-LENGTH DATA AND

> OFFSETS TO VARIABLE -

LENGTH DATA

DATA FIELDS

> VARIABLE - LENGTH DATA

ZK-958-82

Accounting packets need not use each type of data field. See Sections A.3.2
through A.3.7 for complete descriptions of the fields contained in each
accounting packet.
All accounting packets start with a packet header. The packet header uses
the same symbolic offsets as the first longword of the record header. Figure
ACC-6 illustrates the accounting packet header; Table ACC-4 describes
the fields in this header. The type field in the accounting packet header is
subdivided into five fields. Table ACC-5 describes these fields.
Figure ACC-6

Accounting Packet Header Format

ACR$W_LENGTH

ACR$W_TYPE
"N f

Length
Customer-

SubType

Type

L_ Header

Version
ZK-959-82

ACC-47

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-4

Table ACC-5

Descriptions of Accounting Packet Header Fields

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

type

ACR$W_TYPE

Information describing the packet (word). This
field is subdivided into five fields, as described
in Table ACC-5)

length

ACR$W_LENGTH

Total length of the packet (word).

Descriptions of ACR$W_TYPE Fields

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

header

ACR$V_PACKET

Identifies this header as a packet header. This bit must be set to
1 (1 bit).

type

ACR$V_TYPE

Indicates the purpose of the packet. There are currently six packet
types. These packet types are described in Section A.3 (7 bits).

subtype

ACR$V_SUBTYPE

Indicates the packet subtype; reserved for future use (4 bits)

version

ACR$V_VERSION

Indicates the accounting format with which the record is associ¬
ated. The formats are
Symbol

customer

A.3.2

ACR$V_CUSTOMER

Meaning

ACR$K_VERSION2

VMS Version 2.0 accounting format

ACR$K_VERSION3T

VMS Version 3.0 field test accounting
format

ACR$K_VERSION3

VMS Version 3.0 accounting format (3
bits)

Packet Type ACR$K_ID (Identification Packet)
The identification packet identifies the process that caused information to be
sent to the accounting manager.
Figure ACC-7 depicts the organization of the identification packet;
Table ACC-6 describes the fields contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1
for more information on the packet header.

ACC-48

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Figure ACC-7

ACR$W_LENGTH

Block Diagram for ACR$K_ID

Length

Type

ACR$W_TYPE

Process ID
Owner

ACR$I_UIC

Privilege
(8 bytes)

ACR$Q_PRIV

ACR$W_TERMINAL

Offset to Nodename

ACR$I_JOBID

Job ID

Offset to Jobname

ACR$W_QUEUE
ACR$W_REMOTEID

Offset to
Queue
Offset to
Remote ID

ACR$I_OWNER

Process UIC

Offset to
Account
Offset to
Terminal

ACR$W_ACCOUNT

PACKET HEADER

ACR$I_PID

Priority

Offset to Username

Offset to
Account
Offset to
Terminal

ACR$B_PRI
ACR$W_USERNAME
ACR$W_NODENAME
ACR$W_JOBNAME
L DATA
f FIELDS

Job ID
Node Address

Offset to
Queue
Offset to
Remote ID

ACR$W_NODEADDR

Variable-Length
Data

ZK-960-82

Table ACC-6

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_ID

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

pid

ACR$I_PID

Process identification of the pro¬
cess (longword)

owner

ACR$I_OWNER

Process identification of owner
process, if the process is a sub¬
process. If the process is not a
subprocess, the value is 0 (longword)

uic

ACR$I_UIC

Process UIC of the process. The
UIC can be addressed as two
separate words: ACR$W_MEM
for the member number, and
ACR$W_GRP for the group number
(longword)

privilege

ACRSQ—PRIV

Privileges held by the process
(quadword)

prio

ACRSB—PRI

Priority of the process (byte)

ACC-49

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-6 (Cont.)

A.3.3

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_ID

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

username

ACR$W_USERNAME

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the user name of the
process (word)

account

ACR$W_ACCOUNT

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the account name of the
process (word)

node name

ACR$W_NODENAME

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the node name of the
remote process (word)

terminal

ACR$W_TERMINAL

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the terminal name of the
process (word)

jobname

ACR$W_JOBNAME

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the job name of the
process (word)

jobid

ACR$I_JOBID

Identification of the job (longword)

queue

ACR$W_QUEUE

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the name of the queue
with which a batch or print job is
associated (word)

node address

ACR$W_NODEADDR

Contains the remote node address
(word)

remote id

ACR$W_REMOTEID

Offset to counted ASCII string
containing the remote ID of the re¬
mote process (varies with network
implementation and use) (word)

Packet Type ACR$K_RESOURCE (Resource Packet)
The resource packet contains information on the identified process.
Figure ACC-8 depicts the organization of the resource packet; Table ACC-7
describes the fields contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1 for more
information on the packet header.

ACC-50

Table ACC-7

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_RESOURCE

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

start time

ACR$Q_LOGIN

64-bit binary time at which process or
image was started (quadword)

status

ACR$l_ST ATUS

Final status of the process or image
(longword)

image count

ACR$I_IMGCNT

Execution count or sequence number of
the image (longword)

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-7 (Cont.)

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_RESOURCE

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

cputime

ACR$I_CPUTIME

Total CPU time of the process or image
(longword)

page faults

ACRSL_FAULTS

Page fault count of the process or
image (longword)

fault I/O

ACR$I_FAULTIO

Page fault I/O count of the process or
image (longword)

wspeak

ACR$I_WSPEAK

Peak working set of the process or
image (longword)

pagefile

ACR$I_PAGEFL

Peak page file usage of the process or
image (longword)

dir I/O

ACR$I_DIOCNT

Direct I/O count of the process or
image (longword)

buff I/O

ACR$I_BIOCNT

Buffered I/O count of the process or
image (longword)

vol mount

ACR$I_VOLUMES

Number of volumes mounted by the
process or image (longword)

Figure ACC-8

Block Diagram for ACR$K_RESOURCE

PACKET
HEADER

DATA
FIELDS

ACR$W_LENGTH

ACR$W_TYPE

Length

Type
Start Time
(8 bytes)

ACR$Q_LOGIN

Status

ACR$I_STATUS

Image Count

ACR$L_IMGCNT

CPU Time

ACR$L_CPUTIME

Page Faults

ACR$L_FAULTS

Fault I/O

ACR$l_FAULTIO

Working Set Peak

ACR$L_WSPEAK

Page file

ACR$L_PAGEFL

Direct I/O

ACR$I_DIOCNT

Buffered I/O

ACR$I_BIOCNT

Volumes Mounted

ACR$I_VOLUMES
ZK-961 -82

A.3.4

Packet Type ACR$K_IMAGENAME (Image Name Packet)
The image name packet contains the name of image run by the identified
process.
ACC-51

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Figure ACC-9 depicts the organization of the image name packet;
Table ACC-8 describes the field contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1
for more information on the packet header.
Figure ACC-9
PACKET
HEADER

Block Diagram for ACR$K_IMAGENAME
ACR$W_LENGTH

ACR$W_TYPE

Length

Type

Count

Name of Image

DATA
FIELDS

(maximum length = 255 bytes)

AC R$T__I M AG E N AM E

ZK-962-82

Table ACC-8

A.3.5

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_IMAGENAME

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

imagename

ACR$T_IMAGENAME

Name of the image (counted ASCII
string)

Packet Type ACR$K_PRINT (Print Resource Packet)
The print resource packet contains information on printer jobs.
Figure ACC-10 depicts the organization of the print resource packet; Ta¬
ble ACC-9 describes the fields contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1 for
more information on the packet header.
Figure ACC-10

PACKET
HEADER

J
4

Block Diagram for ACR$K_PRINT

ACR$W_LENGTH

ACR$W_TYPE

Length

Type

DATA
FIELDS

Job Status

ACR$L_PRINTSTS

Queue Time
(8 bytes)

ACR$Q_QUETIME

Begin Time
(8 bytes)

ACR$Q_BEGTIME

Symbiont Time

ACR$L_SYMCPUTIM

Pages

ACR$I_PAGECNT

QIO Count

ACR$L_QIOCNT

GET Count

ACR$I_GETCNT
ZK-963-82

ACC—52

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Table ACC-9

A.3.6

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_PRINT

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

job status

ACR$I_PRINTSTS

Status of the printer job (longword)

queue time

ACR$Q_QUETIME

Time the job was queued (64-bit
binary time)

begin time

ACR$Q_BEGTIME

Time the job was started (64-bit
binary time)

Symb time

ACR$I_SYMCPUTIM

Total symbiont CPU time (longword)

pages

ACR$I_PAGECNT

Total number of pages printed (long¬
word)

qio count

ACR$I_QIOCNT

Total number of QIOs issued (long¬
word)

get count

ACR$I_GETCNT

Total number of GETs issued (long¬
word)

Packet Type ACR$K_FILENAME (Filename Packet)
The filename packet contains the name of the accounting file to point to
or modify. Figure ACC-11 depicts the organization of the filename packet;
Table ACC-10 describes the field contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1
for more information on the packet header.
Figure ACC-11

Block Diagram for ACR$K_FILENAME

PACKET
HEADER
ACR$T_FILENAME

DATA
FIELDS

ZK-964-82

Table ACC-10

A.3.7

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_FILEIMAME

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

filename

ACR$T_FILENAME

Name of the file (counted ASCII string)

Packet Type ACR$K_USER_DATA (User Data Packet)
The user data packet contains user information to be sent to the accounting
manager. Figure ACC-12 depicts the organization of the user data packet;
Table ACC-11 describes the fields contained in the packet. See Section A.3.1
for more information on the packet header.
ACC-53

ACCOUNTING
Supplemental ACCOUNTING Information

Figure ACC-12

PACKET
HEADER

^
"

Block Diagram for ACR$K_USER_DATA

ACR$W_LENGTH

ACR$W_TYPE

Length

Type

User Data

DATA
FIELDS

Count

ACR$T_USER DATA

(maximum length = 255 bytes)

<
*

ZK-965-82

Table ACC-11

ACC-54

Field Descriptions for ACR$K_USER_DATA

Field

Symbolic Offset

Contents

user data

ACR$T_USER_DATA

Any user data (counted string)

Index

/ACCOUNT qualifier* ACC-7
ACCOUNTING outputs • ACC-2
/ADDRESS qualifier* ACC-8

/IDENT qualifier* ACC-14
/IMAGE qualifier* ACC-15
Invoking ACCOUNTING* ACC-1

/BEFORE qualifier* ACC-9
Binary output* ACC-4
/BINARY qualifier* ACC-10
/BRIEF qualifier* ACC-1 1

/JOB qualifier* ACC-16

D
Directing output of ACCOUNTING* ACC-2
Disk space* ACC-4

L
Listing output
brief format • ACC-3
full format* ACC-3
summary format* ACC-4
/LOG qualifier* ACC-17

/ENTRY qualifier* ACC-12
Examples
directing ACCOUNTING output • ACC-40
listing accounting files* ACC-39
selecting records* ACC-39
sorting records • ACC-40
using DCL symbols • ACC-40
Exiting from ACCOUNTING • ACC-2

/NODE qualifier* ACC-18

/FULL qualifier* ACC-13

/PRIORITY qualifier* ACC-21
/PROCESS qualifier* ACC-22
Process types* ACC-22

o
/OUTPUT qualifier* ACC-19
/OWNER qualified ACC-20

Index—1

Index

Processing time* ACC-4

Q
/QUEUE qualifier* ACC-23

R
/REJECTED qualifier* ACC-24
/REMOTE_ID qualifier* ACC-25
/REPORT qualifier* ACC-26
Restrictions of ACCOUNTING* ACC-2

s
/SINCE qualifier* ACC-28
/SORT qualifier* ACC-29
/STATUS qualifier* ACC-31
/SUMMARY qualifier* ACC-32
Summary-items • ACC-32

T
/TERMINAL qualifier • ACC-34
/TITLE qualifier* ACC-35
/TYPE qualifier* ACC-36

u
/UIC qualifier* ACC-37
/USER qualifier* ACC-38

Index—2

VAX/VMS
Accounting Utility
Reference Manual
AA-Z400A-TE

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