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Document:	DCT11-EM Evaluation Module User's Guide
Order Number:	EK-DCTEM-UG
Revision:	001
Pages:	221
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OCR Text

EK-OCTEM-UG-OO 1

DCTll-EM
Evaluation Module
User's Guide

mamaama

EK-DCTEM-UG-OO 1

DCTll-EM
Evaluation Module
User's Guide

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, September 1983

<D Digital Equipment Corporation 1983.

The material in this manual is for informational purposes and is subject to change without notice.

Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this manual.
The manuscript for this book was created on a DIGITAL Word
Processing System and, via a translation program, was automatically
typeset on DIGITAL's DECset Integrated Publishing System. Book
production was done by Educational Services Development and
Publishing in Marlboro, MA.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

mD~DDmD

MASSBUS
DEC
PDP
DEC mate
P/OS
DECsystem-IO
Professional
DECSYSTEM-20 Rainbow
RSTS
DECUS
RSX
DECwriter
DIBOL
TOPS-I 0

TOPS-20
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

II
I.~

INTRODUCTION ......
.. ............................................................................... I-I
THE DCTII-EM AT A GLANCE ....................................................................... I-I

CHAPTER 2

INSTALLA TIO!,;

~.I

INTRODUCTION .......
. .................................................................................. 2-1
POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 2-1
CONSTRUCTING A POWER SUPPLY CABLE ................................................. 2-1
POWERING UP AND VERIFYING CORRECT OPERATION ........................ 2-3
./GMPERI!';G ............................................................................................................. 2-4

CHAPTER 3

KEYPAD OPERATION

3.12
3.12.1
3.12.2
3.12.3
3.12.4
3.12.5
3.13

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3-1
NUMBER SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 3-2
EXAMINING REGISTERS .................................................................................... 3-2
ALTERING REGISTERS ........................................................................................ 3-4
EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS ................................................................ 3-7
ALTERING ME\10RY LOCATIONS ........................................................... 3-10
ENTERING AND EXECCTING A SIMPLE PROGRAM ............................... 3-12
WORKING WITH A LONGER PROGRAM ...................................................... 3-16
Using the Single-Step Function ........................................................................ 3-17
Using Breakpoints ...............................................................
.. ..... 3-19
Using the Watchpoint ...................................................................................... 3-22
USING THE HALT SWITCH ............................................................................... 3-24
THE INT SWITCH ................................................................................................. 3-25
THE GSER LED ..................................................................................................... 3-25
PERFORMING KEYPAD SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ........................................... 3-26
Function 0 - Cancel Breakpoints ..................................................................... 3-27
Function 1 - Go With LEDs ........................................................................... 3-27
Function 2 - Start Console ............................................................................. 3-28
Function 3 - Set Baud Rates .......................................................................... 3-28
Function 4 - Release Protection ...................................................................... 3-30
KEYPAD COMMAND SUMMARy ................................................................... 3-32

CHAPTER 4

CONSOLE OPERATION

4.1

INTRODUCTION
........................................................................................... 4-1
TRANSFERRING CONTROL BETWEE,\; THE CONSOLE TERMINAL
AND THE KEyPAD ................................................................................................ 4-2

3.2
3.3
3A
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.9
3.10

3.11

4.2

CONTENTS (Cont)

4.8.1
4.8.2
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.13.1
4.13.2
4.14
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.17.1
4.17.2
4.17.3
4.17.4
4.17.5
4.17.6
4.18
4.19

GE~ERAL RULES FOR CO:'\lSOLE INPUT ....................................................... 4-2
CONSOLE CONTROL COMMANDS ................................................................... 4-3
EXPRESSIONS ......................................................................................................... 4-3
EXAMINING REGISTERS .................................................................................. 4-5
ALTERING REGISTERS .................................................................................. 4-5
EXAMINING AND ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONSINTRODUCTOR Y CONCEPTS ............................................................................. 4-5
The Address Pointer ........................................................................................ 4-6
Output Formatting Modes ................................................................................. 4-6
EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS ............................................................. 4-7
ALTERING MEMORY LOCA TIOT\'S ................................................................. 4-10
INSTRUCTION FORMAT ........................... .................................................... 4-11
TYPI NG IT\' A PROGRAM .......................... ..................................................... 4-12
USING SyMBOLS .................................................................................................. 4-13
Symbol Names ................................................................................................. 4-13
Commands That Define and Manipulate Symbols .......................................... 4-14
EXECUTIT\'G AND DEflLGGING PROGRAMS ............................................... 4-15
Using the Watchpoinl.. ................................................................................. 4-16
Using the Single-Step Function.................... ................................................ 4-17
Using Breakpoints.
.. .......................................................................... 4-19
DCTII-EM DIRECTIVES......
.................. . . .............................................. 4-20
MISCELLANEOUS CONSOLE FUNCTIONS ................................................... 4-21
LOADING THE DCTII-EM FROM A HOST COMPUTER ............................. 4-22
Configuring the DCTII-EM for Host Loading ............................................... 4-22
The HOST Command.. .
.. ........................................................................ 4-23
The TALK Command .................................................................................... 4-23
The LOAD Command ....
. .................................................................... 4-24
Preparing DCTII-EM Loadable Programs on a Has!" .................................. 4-25
An Illustration of the Host Loading Process ................................................... 4-28
CONSOLE COMMA NO SUMMARy............... ................................................ 4-29
CONTROL COMMAT\'D SUMMARy ................................................................ 4-32

CHAPTER 5

SOFTWARE

5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.1.1
5.3.1.2
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
5.4.5
5.4.6

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. .. ................. 5-1
THE MONITOR ..................................................................................................... 5-1
The Stack Pointer .............................................................................................. 5-2
MONITOR SUBROUTINES .................................................................................... 5-2
Keypad/LED Subroutines .................................................................................. 5-2
Using the LEOs and Keypad ..................................................................... 5-4
Using Keypad/LED Subroutines - Example Programs .......................... 5-5
Console Subroutines ........................................................................................... 5-8
Console Character Manipulation ............................................................ 5-10
Using Console Subroutines - SampJc Program ....................................... 5-10
DCT I I-EM ADDRESS SPACE ..............................................................................5-13
Standard RAM Space .............. .. .................................................................. 5-15
Expansion RAM Space....
.. ................................................................... 5-15
Monitor Space .................................................................................................. 5-15
I/O Space........ .............................. ................................................................. 5-1 5
Space Available for External Hardware .......................................................... 5-16
Reserved Space ................................................................................................ 5-1 6

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

CONTENTS (Cont)
(H.\PTER 6

HARDWARE

to,
t-o ~

1>.14
1>.15
1>.16
(,.17

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 6-1
DCTll-AA M1CROPROCESSOR ........................................................................... 6-3
RAM .................................................................................................... ,", ................... 6-3
MONITOR EPROM ................................................................................................. 6-4
PERIPHERAL CHIPS AND DRIVERS ................................................................. 6-4
Parallel Port (8255A) ......................................................................................... 6-4
DLART Console Serial Line .............................................................................. 6-5
Auxiliary Serial Line (8251 A) ........................................................................... 6-5
INTERNAL DATA BUS BUFFER ......................................................................... 6-5
USER BUFFERS ..................................................................................................... 6-5
PROCESSOR CYCLE DECODING ........................................................................ 6-5
ADDRESS LATCHING AND RANGE DECODIl"G ........................................... 6-5
PERIPHERAL CHIP ADDRESS DECODING .................................................... 6-6
INTERRUPTS AND TRAPS .................................................................................. 6-6
TIMING ..................................................................................................................... 6-7
MISCFLLA I\EOUS CONTROL LOGIC ................................................................ 6-7
KEYPAD/LEDS ........................................................................................................ 6-7
HALT AND INT SWITCHES ................................................................................. 6-7
CONNECTORS ......................................................................................................... 6-8
HARDWARE EXPANSION - EXAMPLE ......................................................... 6-11

APPENDIX A

MONITOR LISTING

.\PPE"'D1X B

SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS

APPENDIX C

ERROR MESSAGES

to ~

to ~
to ~
to ~ I
to ~.2
to 53

to b
to ~ ~

to 9
to 10
b II

to 12
b 13

FIGURES
Figure No.
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
3-1
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
6-1
6-2
6-3

6-4

Title

Page

Attaching Pin to Wire........... ......................................................... .. ..................... 2-1
Inserting Pin into Connector ...................................................................................... 2-2
Power Supply Connector Pin Assignments ................................................................ 2-2
Power Supply Connector ............................................................................................ 2-3
DCTII-EM Keypad, Switches, and Displays ............................................................ 3-1
Connecting a Console Terminal to the DCTII-EM .................................................. 4-1
Connecting a Host Computer to the DCTII-EM ................................................... 4-22
LED Segment Assignments ........................................................................................ 5-4
SEGBUF Assignments ............................................................................................... 5-4
DCT II-EM Memory Map ....................................................................................... 5-14
Map of I/O Space .................................................................................................5-16
DCTII-EM System Block Diagram .......................................................................... 6-2
Address Range Decoding .......................................................................................... 6-6
60-Pin Connector Pin Assignments .......................................................................... 6-11
16 KB Memory Module .......................................................................................... 6-12

TABLES
Table No.
4·1
4·2
6·1

6·2
6·3
C·I

Title

Page

Control Command Summary.
............... ..
................
. ... 4-3
DCTII·EM Directives..................
.. ......................................................... 4-21
Reserved I/O Locations for Peripheral Chips ................
.. ......... 6-4
Interrupt Vector Locations ..................................................
. ............................. 6-7
DCT II-EM Connector Pin Assignments ............... .....................
.. ..................... 6-H
Console Messages... . ............ ............. ................
...................
.. ................ c- 3

PREFACE
This book explains how to use the DCTII-EM evaluation module. Although the book presents many
topics in simplified form, some technical background is assumed on your part. It is assumed, for example,
that you are familiar with the basics of microprocessor software and hardware. However, you need not be
familiar with microprocessors manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation.
To understand software details such as those contained in the monitor listing (Appendix A), you should be
familiar with the MACRO-II language. To understand hardware details, you should be able to read and
interpret schematic diagrams and data sheets.
The book is organized as follows.
Chapter I is an introduction to the DCTII-EM and contains a specification summary for your reference.
Chapter 2 explains how to install and power up your DCTlI-EM.
Chapter 3 shows you how to operate your DCTlI-EM using the on-board keypad and switches.
Chapter 4 shows you how to operate your DCTII-EM using a console terminal.
Chapter 5 provides software information and describes the use of monitor subroutines.
Chapter 6 gives an overview of the DCTII-EM hardware and contains information you will find useful if
you plan to design external circuitry.
Appendices A and B contain the DCTII-EM monitor listing and schematics, respectively. Appendix C
contains a summary of error messages.
You will find that this book requires a high degree of interaction between you and the DCTII-EM.
Chapters 3 and 4, in particular, are structured so that examples are an integral part of the text.

vii

CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The OCTlI-EM is a standalone, single-board computer. It is designed as a tool to introduce you to the
OCT I I-AA microprocessor CPU chip and the PDP-II architecture. It contains supporting hardware and
software which greatly simplify the task of evaluating the DCTlI-AA for your application.
The OCT I I-EM gives you considerable flexibility in designing your own software and hardware. You can
write programs to run on the DCTII-EM which are substantially.the same as those written in the versatile
PDP-I I assembly language. You can also design your own hardware interfaces to use with the OCT I 1EM. In fact, your hardware can connect directly to the DCTlI-EM's internal data paths through an onboard, 60-pin male connector.
This chapter summarizes the features of the DCTII-EM. You will find more detail in the chapters that
follow.

1.2

THE DCfll-EM AT A GLANCE

Central Processor
•
•

OCTII-AA microprocessor
133 ns cycle time (standard)

Memory

•

4 K bytes of RAM, expandable to 8 K bytes

•

16 K bytes of EPROM which contains the DCTII-EM monitor

Input/Output
•
•
•

Two serial ports, one for a console terminal and the other for an auxiliary RS232-C device
Onc 8-bit parallel port
One 60-pin connector for use by expansion hardware; allows access to DCT II-EM internal data
paths

Host Communication
•
•
•

Host computer can be connected to the auxiliary serial port for down line loading of programs
Character format is asynchronous, 8 bits, ASCII, no parity, one stop bit
Available baud rates are: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200

Software
•
•
•

Software is EPROM resident
Keypad monitor for performing operations with the on-board keypad
Console monitor for performing operations with a console terminal and with a host computer

I-I

On-Board Control Hardware
•
•

20-key keypad (4 X 5 array)
HALT push-button switch

On-Board Displays
•
•

Two rows of 6-digit octal LEOs
User LED

Interrupts
•
•

Four levels of interrupt priorities
On-board interrupt push-button switch

Diagnostics
•

Contained in EPROM, automatically run at power-up time

Documentation (provided with DCTll-EM)

•
•
•

DCTl/-EM User's Guide
DCTlJ-AA (MICRO/T-ll) User's Guide
DC3f9-AA DLART Data Sheet

Physical
•
•
•
•

Width: 20.3 em (8 in)
Length (including connectors): 27.9 em (II in)
Height: 3.8 em (1.5 in)
Weight: 450 gm (15 oz)

Environment
•
•
•
•

Noncaustic environment required
Operating temperature: 10 to 40 degrees C
Relative humidity: 10% to 90% (noncondensing)
Altitude: Up to 2.4 km (8000 ft)

DC Power Requirements
•

For keypad operation only:
+5 V (±5%) <il. 2 A

•

For console terminal operation:
+5 V (±5%) <il 2 A
+12 V (±IO%) <il 50 mA
-12 V (±10%) <il 50 mA

1-2

CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION
DCTll-EM installation consists of attaching a power supply. powering up, and verifying that the board is
operating properly.
2.2 POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
The DCTII-EM requires a +5 Vdc supply (±5%) capable of delivcring up to 2 A. If you plan (0 use the
console or auxiliary serial ports, you also need a +12 Vdc supply (±10%) and a -12 Vdc supply (±IO%)
each capable of delivering up to 50 rnA.
WARNING
To protect yourself against injury from contact with
circuits that carry high energy, we suggest your
power supply outputs be limited to no more than 240
VA. This is in accordance with standards for data
processing equipment.
CAUTION
We recommend that you fuse your power supply
outputs at 5 A or less to provide overcurrent protection to circuits and remote wiring.
2.3 CONSTRUCTING A POWER SUPPLY CABLE
The DCTII-EM is packaged with a power supply connector and pins with which you can assemble a
power supply cable. To do this, perform the following steps.
I.

Select a I foot length of medium gauge (10 to 14 gauge) wire and strip the wire about 1/4 inch
from each end. If you are using multiple-strand wire, twist the strands together at each stripped
end.

Insert one end of the wire into a pin as shown in Figure 2-1. Crimp the pin to the wire with a
pair of pliers or a crimping tool and solder the wire.

(
/

W1HE

= :

fcRIMPP'N HERE THEN SOLDER WIRE

Figure 2-1

Attaching Pin to Wire

2-1

Insert the pin in the connector as shown in Figure 2-2.

. 'e :r

KEY
MR '0342

Figure 2~2

Inserting Pin into Connector

Repeat steps I, 2, and 3 for each wire in your connector. (Use different colored wires for easy
identification.)

Attach the wires to a power supply, making sure they correspond to the correct voltages as
shown in Figure 2-3.

-12 V

GNO

+5 v

--+-'<iiii'"·1

KEY

Figure 2·3

Power Supply Connector Pin Assignments

Turn on the power supply and use a voltmeter to check that the correct voltages appear at the
connector pins.

Turn off the power supply and attach the connector to the DCTll-EM as shown in Figure 2-4.

2-2

POWER SUPPLY

INSERT

(}

POWER SUPPL Y CABLE

c:mn
CIIIJ ~ 1,:00000
00000
100000
ICOOOO
DCT11-EM
M~

Figure 2-4

,o144

Power Supply Connector

You are now ready to power up your DCTII-EM.

2.4

POWERING UP AND VERIFYING CORRECT OPERATION

Make sure your DCTII-EM is on a nonmetallic surface and positioned so that it does not come in contact
with any conducting objects. Then turn on your power supply.
When you apply power, the DCTlI-EM runs its diagnostics automatically. Thc diagnostics: (I) perform
checksum tests for the on-board RAM and PROM, and (2) write and read back data to and from the
DLART. If the diagnostics run successfully, the LEDs display the following.

111+111

1+1+1+1
This shows that the keypad monitor is active and ready to accept your input. Further information on using
the keypad is given in Chapter 3.
In addition to activating the keypad monitor, the DCTlI-EM also sets these initial conditions:
•
•
•
•

All user RAM is cleared
The symbol table is cleared
The stack pointer is set to 7400
Both serial port baud rates are set to 9600.

You will learn more about what these initial conditions mean in later chapters.

2-3

If the two rows of LEOs are blank after you power up, your DCTll-EM probably has major problems.

The LEDs may display a flashing diagnostic error message after you power up. The meaning of the error
messages is summarized below.
UPPER

LOWER
LJISPLAY

DISPLAY

MEANING

I I I' I I I I I I I'I'I I'I
E

RAM checksum test failed. Try
replacing RAM chips.

I I I I I I IElll+1
I I I, 1,1 I I j IEllloj'l
I I I 1,1 I I I IEI'I' I I'I
121

ROM checksum test failed. Try
replacing ROM chips.

RAM and ROM checksum tests failed
Board may have major problems.

DLART feedback tesl failed.
Board may !lave maior problems.

If you suspect your board has major problems, contact Digital Equipment Corporation or the authorized
distributor from whom you purchased your DCTI1-EM. The DCTlI-EM is warranted against defects in
workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of delivery.
2.5 JUMPERING
There are two metal posts located above the upper left corner of the DCTII-EM keypad. Install a jumper
between these posts if you want to disable the generation of DCTII-AA microprocessor cycle slips. If you
do this, you must also change the OCTll-AA's 7.5 MHz clock frequency to a frequency between 3 MHz
and 6 MHz. To change the clock frequency, remove the 7.5 MHz crystal from the board and install a
crystal of the desired frequency.
This is the only jumper that may be installed on the DCTlI-EM.

2-4

CHAPTER 3
KEYPAD OPERATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains how to operate the DCTII·EM using the DCTll-EM's on-board keypad and
switches. When you complete this chapter, you will be able to do the following.
•
•
•
•
•
•

Examine and alter the contents of registers in the DCTlI-AA register file.
Examine and alter the contents of memory locations.
Enter and execute programs.
Debug your programs through the use of single steps, breakpoints, and watch points.
Perform halts and interrupts.
Perform a number of other functions.

The DCTII-EM keypad, switches, and displays are arranged as shown in Figure 3-1.

LED DIGITS
(UPPER ROW)

'----I

KEYPAD

(LOWER ROW)

HALT SWITCH

LED DIGITS

1 _INT SWIlCH .---J

'--_---'

H
A
L

0 8 GJ B B
80 D B B
8 D D B B
PRonc

•

USER

LED~~
= = 000

GOLED

CONSOL

BAUD

CANCEL

ENTER

ElG B B B

000

... "

Figure 3-1

DCTll-EM Keypad. Switche>, and Displays

3-\

1034~

Figure 3-1 shows two rows of six LED digits which display data, addresses, and other information. Below
the two rows of LED digits is a single LED (called the user LED) which you can use as an indicator in your
programs. To the right of the LEOs are the HALT and [NT push-button switches. These switches perform
the functions their names imply; that is, they can halt and interrupt OCT I I-EM operation. To the extreme
right is a 4 X 5 array of switches called the keypad. The keypad is used to enter commands, instructions,
and other information to the DCTll-EM. Pressing keys will generally cause responses to appear on the
LED displays.

3.2

NUMBER SYSTEM

Information that is input or output via the keypad/LED combination must be represented in octal
notation. Since the DCTll-AA is a 16-oit processor, the acceptable range of octal inputs and outputs is
000000 through 177777.

3.3 EXAMINING REGISTERS
To examine the contents of a DCTll-AA internal register, you must first place the DCTll-EM in register
mode. Do this by pressing the REG key. The LEOs display:

111-1+11
1 111111
Now you may examine a register by pressing any of the following keys:

o through 9
or
CLR, which is equivalent to key O.
[n general, the name of the register being examined appears on the upper row of LEOs, and the contents of
the register appears on the lower row of LEOs. The exception to this is when the watch point (WP) is
examined. [n that case, an address called the watchpoint (WP) address is displayed on the upper row of
LEOs, and the WP contents are displ,ayed on the lower row.
Keys 0 through 7 select RO through R7, the eight registers in the DCTll-AA register file. Registers 6 and
7 are dedicated and are referred to as the stack pointer (SP) and program counter (PC), respectively.
Key 8 selects the processor status (PS) word. Only the lower 8 oits of the PS word are meaningful. The PS
word contains the current processor priority, the processor condition codes (N, Z, V, and C), and the T-bit.
Key 9 selects the watchpoint (WP). The WP is useful in connection with program debugging and is
discussed in Paragraph 3.8.3.

3-2

NOTE
If you have just powered up your DCTll-EM or if
you ha"e haIted its operation, it is not necessary to
press the REG key to get into register mode.
The upper row of LEOs will display:

111+111
The lower row of LEOs will display the current
value of the PC, and you can simply press one of the
keys 0 through 9 or CLR to select a register.
Examining Registers - Example ]
You want to examine the contents of various registers. It is assumed that the registers still contain their
initial (power-up) values.
UPPER
KEY

IREGI

DISPLAY

I 11,1+11
I II' HII

LOWER
DISPLAY

1 I I I I II

COMMENTS

Get Into register mode

101+101+1

[]

1 11+1 I I I+H+H

I 11+11 I H+H+I

lelRI

1 I 1'101 I I 1+101+101

1 11+1 I I 1+101+101

I+H+H H+H+I

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to examine register contents sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to examine registers in ascending order. You cannot advance beyond the WP. Pressing the SAC key
allows you to examine registers in descending order. You cannot back up beyond RD.
If you want to examine registers nonsequentially after you have pressed ADV or BAC, you must first press
the REG key to reinitialize register mode. Otherwise, you will alter the contents of the register you are
currently examining.

3-3

Examining Registers - Example 2
You want to examine more registers. You begin by examining them sequentially. It is assumed that the
registers still contain their initial (power-up) values.

KEY

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

1111111

Get mto register mode.

111+111 1+1+1+1
/01+101+1

H+I+H
H+H+I
101+101+1
111+111 H+H+I
111+111 1+1+1+1

You wanced to examine
R4 but you altered RO
instead.

Clear the incorrect entry.

1111111

This is how to examine A4

1+1+1+1

Now you're sequentially
examining again.

3.4 ALTERING REGISTERS
To alter the contents of a DCTII-AA internal register, you must first examine the register as described in
Paragraph 3.3. To review, this means you must place the DCTlI-EM in register mode by pre~sing the
REG key and examine the desired register by pressing one of the keys 0 through 9. Once you have done
this, press the EXA key and alter the contents of the selected register by pressing keys 0 through 7 in the
desired order.

3-4

The previous contents of the register will be cleared and you will see the new contents being shifted in from
the right side of the lower row of LEOs as you press keys.
If you wish ta clear the contents af a register, press the CLR key after yau have pressed the EXA key.
Pressing the CLR key also clears a register while you are entering data.
Altering Registers - Example 1
You want ta set register R3 to 000232 and the SP to 6000. It is assumed that the registers still contain
their initial (pawer-up) values.
UPPER
KEY

IREGI

[2]

B
[J
[2]

0
leLRI
IREG]

0
B

0
G

LOWER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

[ l'I'[ai I I I I I I I I
I II' HI I [01+101+1
I 11'101 I I 1+[01+[01
I iI'H I I H+H+I
I I I' HI I 11+101+1
I II' HII 1+1+1+1
1II' HII [01+/01+1
I I 1,1+1 I I I Ii I II
I I 1+1 I I l+i+I+1
I I 1+1
1+1+1+1
I 1+1 I 1 [01+/01+1
I [ lsi pi I I /01+/01+1
I

Get into register mode

EKamine R3

Enlel 232

I I

3-5

You change your mind.

and clear R3 instead

Get back into register
mode to change another
register.

Examme R6 !the SP). It

currently" 7400.

Set SP = 6000.

111+111 1+[0[+101
IIl lplli 1+1+1+1
s

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to alter register contents sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to alter registers in ascending order. You cannot advance beyond the WP. Pressing the BAC key
allows you to alter registers in descending order. You cannot back up beyond RO.
Press the ADV or BAC keys until you arrive at the register you want to alter, then press the desired
sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the data. If you want to clear the register, press CLR. If you want to
alter registers nonsequentially after you have pressed the ADV or BAC keys, you must first press the REG
key to reinitialize register mode. Then press 0 through 9 to select the desired register. followed by EXA,
followed by the data you wish to enter.
It is generally easier to stay in seq uential mode and step forward or backward to the desired register than
to perform nonsequential alterations.

Altering Registers - Example 2
You have just completed example

KEY

ISAcl

8
0
IBAC!
IBAC!

UPPER
DISPLAY

and now want to sequentially change some registers.
LOWEA
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

I I 1'1 51I I 1+101+101
1I I,lsi II 1+1+1+1

R5 IS now alterable.

Enter 43.

I I I' 151 I I 1+1+1+1
1I I' I_I II 1+101+101

I II' HII H+H+I
1 II' HI I H+JoI+1

IADvl

I I I' I_I I I 101+101+1

ISACI

1 II' HI I H+H+I
3-6

R4 is now alterable.

R3 is now alterable,

Enter 1.

R4 is now alterable. But
now you want to clear R3
and alter RO.

IClRI
ISACI
ISACI
ISACI

1I 1+1 I I 101+101+1
1II' H 1I 1+1+1+1
I I I' I, I I 1 101+101+1
11 1'101 1 I 101+101+1
I II' HI I 1+1 1+1,1
0

RO is now alterable.

Enter 1.

3.5 EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS
To examine a memory location, you must first place the OCT II·EM in address mode. Do this by pressing
the ADR key. The first time you do this, the LEOs display:

11+1+11
1+1+1+1
Subsequently, when you press the ADR key, the upper row of LEOs displays:

and the lower row of LEOs displays the most recently examined address.
Enter the address of the memory location you wish to examine by pressing the appropriate sequence of
keys 0 through 7 .
The previous address will be cleared and you will see the address you are entering being shifted in from the
right side of the lower row of LEDs as you press keys.
If you make a mistake entering your address, you can press the CLR key to clear your entry and try again.
Once you are satisfied with the address you have entered, press the EXA key. The address of the location
you are examining (the address you just entered) appears on the upper row of LEOs, and the contents of
this location appear on the lower row of LEOs. Only even addresses can be examined. If you enter an odd
address, it is rounded down when you press the EXA key.

3·7

Examining Memory Locations - Example I
You have just powered up your DCTII-EM and want to examine some memory locations. There is a
program that resides in the OCT 1 I-EM called the monitor which begins at address 140000. You will learn
more about the monitor later, but for now, all we want to do is examine some of its locations.
UPPER

KEY

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

IADRI

I 1+1"1,1 I 1+101+101

1Hdldl'l I H+H+I

Get Into address mode

Enler 140000.

Hdldl'l I 1+1+[,[-1

1 Hdid 1'1 I 1+1+1+1

1 I+i+( 1 1+1+\+1

1 Hd Id 1,1 I

1Hdldl'l I 1+101+101

1 Hd idl' I I 1+1+:+1

I+H+/ol

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to examine memory locations sequentially. Pressing the ADV key
allows you to examine memory locations in ascending order. Advancing beyond address 177776 results in
examining locations starting at 000000. Pressing the BAC key allows you to alter registers in descending
order. Backing up beyond 000000 results in examining locations starting at 177776.

If you want to examine memory locations nonsequentially after you have pressed ADV or BAC, you must
first press the ADR key to reinitialize address mode. Otherwise, you will change the contents of the
memory location you are currently examining.
Examining Memory Locations - Example 2
You have just finished example I and now want to examine more locations in the monitor. You start by
examining them sequentially.

3-8

KEY

IADVI
IADVI
1ADVI
IBACI

IADRI

G
8
G

8
IEXAI

tSAcl

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

1+1+1+1 1+1+1+1
I,I+H+I 1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1 1,I+i+1 1
1,1+1+1-1 1+\01,1+1
11+1+1 1 1+101+1-1
1H+I'I I 1+1+1+1
1H_I_ I' 11 1+1+1,1-1
1H- I_ I' 11 H+I+H
1H_I· I' 11 1+1,1-1+1
1H·I·I 'I 1 I+H+H
I H· I_ 1,1 I 1+1 1,1+1
1+1+1+1 1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1 1,1+1+1-1
2

Relnltialize address
mode lot flof1sequcnllal
examine

You try to eX<lrnlne

140101

3-9

The address IS rounded

down anel you examine

140100

Now you're sequentially

examlnmg agam.

3.6

ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS

To alter the contents of a memory location, you must first examine the memory location as described in
Paragraph 3,5, To review, this means you must place the OCT I I-EM in address mode by pressing the
ADR key and examine the desired location by pressing the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7.
Then press the EXA key.
The contents of the location you are examining can now be changed by pressing keys 0 through 7 in the
desired sequencc. The previous contents of the location will be cleared and you will see the new contents
being shifted in from the right side of the lower row of LEOs as you press keys.
Pressing the CLR key will clear the location before or during data entry.

Altering Memory Locations - Example 1
You have just powered up your DCTII-EM and want to aller some memory locations. Locations 2000
through 2006 are in the user RAM area and will be used in the following examples. Later on, you will
learn more about the availability of DCTII-EM memory and address space, but for now the discussion
will be limited to these locations only.
UPPER
DISPLAY

KEY

LOWER
DISPLAY

Hd:d I'll 101+101+1
I l+i+11 101+101+1
I H+I'i I I+H+I'!
I Hdl+1 I 1+101+101
I H+I'II 1+1+1+1

I H+I'I I H+H+I

I Hdi+1 I I+H+H

I Hdl+1 I H+I+H

leXAI

101+101+1 1+1+1+1
101+101+1 101+101+1

IADRI

0
[2J
leLR!

3-10

COMMENTS

Get Into address mode.

ElHer 2004

You made a mistake and
entered 1 tnstead of O.

Clear entry.

1ry again - enter 2004.

2004 is cUHently
empty.

Enter 32

[]
\AORI

101+101+1 101+101+1
I Hdl+1 1 1+1+1+1

I H+[,[

0
0

H+['I 1 1+1+[+[
1H+I,[ 1+[+[+1

1[+1"1'[ I 1+[+1+1

!eXA!

\0[+101+1 101+[01+1
I+H+H 1+[+[+1

[

[+[+[o[>[

Back to address mode to
alief another !ocatic.n
Note - most recent address
examined is dIsplayed.

Enter 2000.

[

2000 is currently
empty.

Enter 1.

The ADV and BAC keys allow you to alter memory locations sequentially. Pressing the ADV key allows
you to alter memory locations in ascending order. Pressing the BAC key allows you to alter memory
locations in descending order.
Press the ADV or BAC keys until you arrive at the memory location you want to alter and press the
desired sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the data. If you want to clear the memory location, press
CLR.

Altering Memory Locations - Example 2
You have just completed example I and now want to sequentially alter memory locations.
UPPER
KEY

IADVI

0
[]
IADVI

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

!oI+[O[+1 I+H+H
101+[0[+1 101+[0[+[
101+[0[+1 101+[0[+1
\01+[01+1 1+[+[+1
3-1 1

COMMENTS
Location 2002 is now

alterable.

Enter 47.

location 2004 is now
alterable

0
IADVI

0
lBACI

leLRI

101+101+1 1+1+1+1
101+101+1 101+101+1
H+H+I 101+101+1
101+101+1 1+1+1+1
101+101+1 101+101+1
101+101+1 101+101+1

Enter 5.

Location 2006 is now
alterable.

Enter 22

Location 2004 is now

alterable

Clear II

3.7 ENTERING AND EXECUTING A SIMPLE PROGRAM
In this paragraph, we will tie together the material presented thus far by entering and running a simple
program. It is assumed you are familiar with an assembly language instruction set. A full description of the
instruction set used in the following example is found in Chapter 6 of the DCTI/-AA User's Guide (EKDCTll·UG).
The following program takes a number in register R 1, adds it to a number in register R2, and puts the
result in register R3.
Octal Code

Instruction

Comments

010103
060203
000000

MOV RI,R3
ADD R2,R3
HALT

Get first term.
Add second term.
Halt program execution.

We will place this program in user RAM, starting at address 2000.

KEY

IADAJ

UPPER

LOWER

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

I H+lrl 1
1H+I'I 1 I+H+H
I H"i-I'I I I+H+H
Hdldlrl 1+1+1+1
Most recently exam·
ined address shown

on lower LEOs.

3·12

bamme 2000.

0
B

1H+I'I 1 1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1
Current contents of

locatlun 2000 are

shown on lower LEDs.

H+H+I I+H+I,I
H+H+I I+H+H
1+/>1+:°1 H+I,:+I
1+1 1°[°1 1 1° i°I' 11' i°1

101+1+[01 H,loh+1

IADvl

H+H+I

0
[]

0
~

[J
~

0
IADvl
leLRI

Enter first instruction

You don"t lleNJ 10 enter
leadulg zeroes

Current contents of

2002 are shown on
lower LEDs

1+1+1+1 H+H+I
101+101+1 I+H+H
H+H+I 1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1 I+H+H
1°1+/01+1 1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1 1+/01+101
Current contents of
2004 are shown on
lower LEOs.

3-13

Ex.am'fle next address

Enter second Instruction.

E~amlne next address.

Enler third instruction.

HALT IS entered by
clearmg the locatIon.

Now place some numbers in R I and R2 that the program can work with. Also make sure R3 is cleared.

11I, I' I ! 1
1 1 I' I' I I 1

Current contents of
R 1 shown on lower

LEDs

Current contents. of
R 1 remain on lower

LEDs.

I I I, I'I I I
I I I'

121

Current contents of
R2 shown or\ lov;er

LEOs.

~r~:~:,~o~:e~o':;:

IADYI

1 I I, 131 1 1

I I I, 11i 1 H H I

e,,,, R3

Now go back and check what you have just entered.

I I+Id1,I I I+I+I+1 Ge"n,o add,." mode
11+/+11 1+1+1+1
IH+I'II 1+1+1+1
I H+I'II H+I+H
IH+I'II 1+1+1+1

1+1+1+1 11+1+1 1

o
~

'"m;", 2000

3-14

!ADV!
IADvl
IREGi

0
[]

1+1+1+1 1+1+1+1
101+101+1 I+H+H
I I 1,1+1 1 I I II ! 1I
II I' I' 11I 1+1+1+1
I I I' 121 I 1 1+1+1+1

I 1I' 111I 1+/01+101
3

Examine 2002.

Examme 2004.

Get mto register mode.

Examme registers

Everything O.K

Now run the program. Set the PC to the starting address of the program (2000) and press the GO key to
begin program execution. Since you are currently in register mode, press the AOV key until you get to the
PC.
Current contents of
PC shown on lower

111+111
111+111 101+101+1

111+111 101+1+101

111+111 1+1+10/01

111+111 1+1+1+1

1 I IpHI I

LEOs.

,,,,,2000

Hoj> H+I ",,", pcog"m
'he

The program is now halted. The current PC (2006) is displayed On the lower row of LEOs.

3-15

Check R3 to find out if the program executed properly. Since you are in register mode, press the BAC key
until you get to R3:

and the result is correct.
3,8 WORKING WITH A LONGER PROGRAM
Consider a program that calculates the sum of all the numbers from 0 to n, where you specify n. That is,
the program determines:
n

x=o

You place the value of n in RO, and the program deposits the sum it calculates in memory location 2044.
Use the keypad to enter the following summation program starting at location 2000.

Octal
Location

Code

Instruction

Comments

2000
2002
2004
2006
2010
2012
2014
2016
2020
2022
2024
2026
2030
2032
2034
2036
2040
2042
2044

005001
020001
003413
005037
002044
010037
002044
005300
060037
002044
102404
020001
003372
000000
005000
005037
002044
000000
xxxxxx

CLR RI
CMP RO,RI
BLE 2034
C LR «> # 2044

Set R I = O.
RO contains n.
Illegal input (n oS 0)'>
No, start operation by clearing 2044.

MOV RO,(iJ #2044

Place first value of n in 2044.

DEC RO
ADD RO,(a,#2044

n ~ n-I
Add next value (n--I) to 2044.

BVS 2036
CMP RO,RI
BGT 2016
HALT
CLR RO
Cl.R «>#2044

Overflow'>
No overflow.
Continue operation if n > O.
Operation complete if n = O.
Illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
Overflow. Clear 2044.

HALT

Illegal input or overflow occurred.
1nitial contents of 2044 irrelevant.

3-16

To test the operation of the program, deposit a value of 10 (octal) into RO. The program should sum 10+
7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + I (octal) in memory location 2044 to produce 44 (octal). )';ote that this is
equivalent to having a value of 8 (decimal) in RO and letting the program sum 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +
I (decimal) to produce 36 (decimal).

Set RO = JO
SP = 7400
PC = 2000

Press the GO key.
The result should be:

111+111
1+1+1+1
The program halted at location 2032. Now examine location 2044.
The result should be:

101+101+1

1+\01+1-1
3.8.1 Using the Single-Step Function
The single-step function is a powerful program analysis tool. It allows you to execute your program one
mstruction at a time. At the end of each instruction. you may examine various registers and memory
locations to determine how the program has affected them.
To perform the single-step function, press the SST key.
Result: the instruction currently pointed to by the PC is executed.
Let us now single step through the preceding summation program. First set up your initial conditions:
Set RO = 10
SP = 7400
PC = 2000

3-17

Then key in the following.

KEY

155TI

ISSTI
ISSTI

ISSTI
ISST!

UPPER

LOWER

OISPLAY

DISPlAY

I I I+i 1I 1+1+1+1
111+1 1I H+H+I
1i 1+1 11 101+101+1
111+1 i I 1+1+1+1
I I 1+1 1I H+H+I
I H+I'I 1
I Hdi+1 I l+i+I+1

COMMENTS

2000 execllted

2002 executed.

2004 executed

2006 executed.

2012 executed.

Most recently exam·

iADAi

0
G

0
8
!EXA!

ISSTI
IREGI

ined address shown

on lower lE Os.

Has RO been moved to 2044 J

I H+I'I 1 H+H+I
I H+I'I 1 1+1+1+1
I Hdl+1 I H+I+H
1+1+1+1 1+101+101
111+1 I 1 1+1+1+1
I 11'1-101 I 111I I I I
I 1I' H11 101+1+[71
3-18

Yes.

2016 executed.

Old RO get decremented?

Yes.

111+111
11+1+11
101+[0]+1
111+111
111+111
111+111
1+111

2020 executed.

1+1+1+1

Has RD been added to 2044)

Yes

1+1+1+1
I+!+I+I
1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1
I I 1I I 11

111+i II

2024 executed

2026 executed

Program branched correctly

2016 executed

Oid RO get decremented?

2020 executed

Did RO get added to 2044'

101+101+1 /0/+101+1
You can continue executing the program one instruction at a time by repetitively pressing the SST key.
3..8.2 Using Breakpoints
Tbe use of breakpoints is another means of analyzing and debugging your programs. Breakpoints cause
'0tlr program to halt whenever they arc encountered. When the program is halted, you can then examine
"~nous registers and memory locations to determine how the program has affected them.
I' there were no debugging aids, you would have to insert breakpoint (BPT) instructions in your program
.!-cd write a breakpoint trap handling routine if you desired breakpoints. The DeTlt-EM, however, does
"JHain debugging aids and provides a convenient means of inserting up to four breakpoints via the
t:. ",d. Do not attempt to set breakpoints by inserting BPT instructions in your program. If you do this,
_ '.' ill get an error message when you try to execute the program (see Appendix C).

3-t9

To insert breakpoints, press the BPT key.
The upper row of LEOs displays:

and the lower row of LEOs displays the current address of breakpoint 1. If breakpoint I is not currently
set, the lower row of LEOs displays:

1+101+/01
You can then press the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter the address of breakpoint 1.
You can set up to four breakpoints in this way. Use the ADV and BAC keys to examine breakpoints 1
through 4 and press the appropriate sequence of keys 0 through 7 to enter an address for each breakpoint.
If you press BAC while you are examining breakpoint 1, you are examining something called the
watch point address. The use of the watch point is explained in Paragraph 3.8.3.
Breakpoints are recognized only if you use the GO key or the "Go With LEOs" special function
(Paragraph 3.12.2) to execute your program from the keypad. Breakpoints are disabled when you single
step through a program.
When you execute a program with breakpoints in it (by pressing the GO key, for example), your program
halts at the address of your first breakpoint without executing the instruction at that address. The
instruction at the breakpoint address is executed when you reSUme program execution (e.g., by pressing the
GO or SST keys).
Using Breakpoints - Example
We want to set two breakpoints in the summation program shown in Paragraph 3.g. Set the first
breakpoint at address 2020 to make sure RO has been decremented properly. Then set the second
breakpoint at address 2024 to check the results of the cumulative addition.
UPPER
KEY

\SPTj

[]

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

Ibi'lpH'I'1 1°1°1+:+1
1+1+I,i,1 1+I+i+1
1bl 'I +1 ,i,l 1+I+i+1
Ibi'I"I+I'1 1+1+1+1
3-20

COMMENTS
Assume no breakpomts

have been previously set

Enter 2020

G
IADVI

0
0

1":'1-1+1,1 101+101+1
1_1'1+1+1 1+101+101
1-1,1+1,1 1 H+H+I
2

1+1+1+1 H+H+I
1-1,1-1+1 1 1+1+1+1

l+i+I+1 1+1+1+1

Set breakpoint 2.

Enter 2024

Set your initial conditions as before (RO = 10, SP = 7400, PC = 2000) and execute the program.

EJ
JREG/

111+1 I 1 1+1+1+1
11i'i+11 11i ~ I II
111'101 11 H+H+I
111+1 II H+H+I

FirSt breakpoint
encountered.

Old RO get decremented>

Yes

Resume execu\!on

Examine address 2044 to see if the first addition was performed correctly.
Most rCCef'ltJy eXilJn-

11+1+11
1H+1,11 1+1+1+1

G
GJ

1H+I'II 1+1+1+1
1H+I,II 1+1+1+1

ined address sllown
on lower LEOs

3-2 J

h,mme2044.

G
!EXAI

1l+i"I'1 1 I+H+H

/01+1+1-1 1+1+1,1 1
I 11+: 1I 1+>iOI+1
7

IREGI

11 1,1+1 1 1 : 1 I 1 1 I

11i' H1 I l+i+i+1

IGOI

I I 1+: i I /01+1+1-1

Adfhtion perlormed
correctly

Resume e)(eClitlOn

Resu"le execu1'on

3.8.3 Using the Watchpoinl
In Paragraph 3.3 we identified the watchpoint (WP) and showed how it could be examined. In this section,
you will learn how to use the WP for program analysis and debugging.
The watch point is a convenient means of monitoring and altering a memory location. Once you set the
watch point address to the address of a memory location, you can examine and alter that location just as
you would a register. To set a watch point address, press the BPT key, then the BAC key.
The upper row of LEOs displays:

and the lower row of LEOs displays the current WP address.
If the WP is not set, the lower row of LEOs displays:

1+1+1+1
You may now enter the new WP address by pressing the desired sequence of keys 0 through 7. You can
clear the WP by setting its address to zero.

3-22

Using the Watchpoint - Example I
In our summation program in Paragraph 3.8, we used location 2044 to deposit our accumulated result.
Since we would like to examine (and possibly alter) this location frequently, we set our watchpoint address
at 2044.
UPPER

KEY

IBPTI

ISACI

DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

1+lpl+!,1 H+/o!+1
I+I,H+I H+H+I
Ipl+I+I,1 1°:+1°1+1

1+1+1_1'1

H+H-I'I H+I+H
H+I+i,1 10i+h+1

COMMENTS

Currem value of BPI
displayed 011
lower LEOS.

Enter watchpoint address
of 2044.

101+1+101

",ow We can examine and alter the contents of location 2044 just as we would a register. If you run the
summation program in Paragraph 3.8 and want to inspect the result, do the following.

1111111

1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1 1+1+1+1
Current conlents of
2044 shown on
lower LE Ds.

Gl"t mto register mode

Examine WP.

Current contents of
2004 shown on
lower LEOs.

Clear It

You have just cleared the contents of location 2044.
The watchpoint can be used in conjunction with the single-step function to continuously monitor the
.,mtents of a memory location. When this is done, the contents of the watch point appear on the upper row
"f LEDs, and the current PC appears on the lower row of LEDs.

3-23

Using the Watchpoint - Example 2
You are still working with the summation program in Paragraph 3.8. You have established a watch point at
location 2044, as shown in the previous example, and want to continuously monitor the contents of this
loca tion as you single step through the program.
Set your initial conditions as before (RO = 10, SP = 7400, PC = 2000) and key in the following.

KEY

UPPER

LOWER

DISPLAY

COMMENTS

ISSTI

I+H+H 101+101+1

ISSTI

101+101+1 H+H+I

2002 executed.

!sSTI

I+H+H 101+101+1

2004 executed

ISSTI

1°I°I°1°! °I01 H+H+I

2006 eJ(ecu!cd

ISSTI

101+:+101 H+H+I

ISSTI

1+101+101 1+1+1+1
1+1+['i ' l 1°1°1 1°1 11

\SST[

2000 executed:
2044 contents shown Oil

upper LEOs.

2012 executed.
2044 has changed.

2016 executed

2020 execllted
2044 has changed,

And so on. When you finish executing the program (e.g., after you have executed instruction 2032 in the
example above), the upper row of LEOs displays:

111+111
and the lower row of LEDs displays the current Pc.

3.9 USING THE HALT SWITCH
Pressing the HALT switch causes you to unconditionally halt the operation of your program and return
control to the OCTIl-EM keypad. When you press the HALT switch, the upper row of LEDs displays:

111+111
and the lower row of LEOs displays the current Pc.

3-24

You can use the HALT switch, for example, to escape from an infinite loop your program is executing or
to inhibit hardware problems which are interrupting the proper operation of the DCTII-EM.
After pressing HALT, you are in register mode and can readily examine the contents of the DCTII-EM
registers as described in Paragraph 3.3.
3.10 THE INT SWITCH
Pressing the INT switch causes you to generate a power-fail (PF) nonmaskable interrupt. Pressing this
switch will have no effect on the operation of the DCTII-EM unless you specifically write a program that
recognizes input from it. The program in the following example shows you how to use this switch to
experiment with interrupts. Also refer to Chapter 6 for more information on interrupts.
Using the INT Switch - Example
This program simply loops on itself at location 1510 until you press the [NT switch. Then the current PC
and PS are pushed onto the hardware stack and the DCTII-EM goes to locations 24 and 26 for its new PC
and PS, respectively. Location 24 is called the power-fail vector and usually points to a power-fail service
routine. The first line of your program, however, changes location 24 to point to your own "power-fail
service routine." This routine, which you specify to start at location 1514, is not a power-fail service
routine at all, but a routine that sets RO to the number of times (in octal) that the interrupt switch has been
pressed.
Enter the following.

Location

Octal
Code

1500
1502

012737
001514

1504
1506
1510
1512
1514
1516

000024
005000
000777
000000
005200
000002

Instruction

Comments

MOY #1514.0,#24
Set power-fail vector to "service

routine. "
Initialize RO.
Await interrupt.

CLR RO
BR 1510
HALT
INC RO
RTI

Start of "service routine."
Restore old PC and PS.

Start the program at 1500 and press the [NT switch a number of times. The upper and lower row of LEDs
..ill be blank while you are pressing the INT switch. Each time you press INT, you execute the "service
routine'" which increments RO. When the routine is done, it returns to 1510 to await another [NT switch
press. Press the HALT switch to suspend operation and examine RO.
3.11 THE USER LED
The user LED is a general-purpose indicator lamp that your program can use to indicate the status of some
condition. You can turn on the user LED by writing 00001 1 to port C of the 8255A parallel port chip (see
Paragraph 6.5.1). Port C of the 8255A chip has an address of 177444. Writing 000010 to port C of the
8255A chip turns off the user LED once it has been turned on by your program.

3-25

User LED - Example
The following is a short program that turns the user LED on and off. Use the keypad to enter this program
starting at location 1000.

Location

Octal
Code

1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1016
1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032

012737
000011
177444
012700
100000
077001
012737
000010
177444
012700
100000
077001
000137
001000

Instruction

Comments

MOY #ll,<i5#177444

W rite I I to port C.

MOY # I OOOOO,RO

Put a large number in RO.

SOB RO,1012
MOY #10,<&# 177 444

Loop for a while.
Write 10 to port C.

MOY #IOOOOO,RO

Put a large number in RO.

SOB RO,1026
JMP <&#1000

Loop for a while.
Loop infinitely.

3.12 PERFORMING KEYPAD SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
There are five types of special functions you can perform through the usc of the DCTII·EM keypad.
Function Number

Function Name

Cancel breakpoints
Go with LEOs
Start console
Set baud rates
Release protection

I
2

3
4

To perform one of these special functions. you must first place the DCT1I·EM in function mode. To do
this, press the FNC key. The LEOs display:

11+1+11
, , 1I I , ,
and you can now select a function by pressing any of the keys 0 through 4 or CLR, which is equivalent to
O. When you have done this, the number of the selected function appears on the bottom row of LEDs. The
selected special function is then activated by pressing the EXA key.
The following paragraphs describe the operation of these special functions.

3·26

J.12.1 Function 0 - Cancel Breakpoints
Function 0 clears all four breakpoint addresses and the watch point address. When function 0 is activated.
the upper row of LEOs displays:

~nd the lower row of LEOs displays the current value of the Pc. The OCT II-EM is left in register mode.

f...,tion 0 - Example
You are debugging a program you just entered and want to clear all the breakpoints and watchpoints
hSOCiated with an old program.
UPPER
KEY

LOWER
DISPLAY

DISPLAY

I 1,1,1+1 1

11111
G
11+1+1 1 I I I HI I
Im[
I 11+:1l
[BPTI
Ibl,IeI+I,1 H+H+I
ISAC]
Ipl+:A:dl,1 l+io,+H
[ADVI 19PT] 1+1«,1,1
l+o+H
IADVI
1+1eI+1 1 l+ioH+1
IFNCI

COMMENTS

Get Into function mode

Select functIon O.

Current PC SllOWll on
lower LEOs.

Verify breakpoint 1

clCClrcd

Venfy watchpolnt address
cleared

Breakpomt 1 agam

Vcrofy urCiJkpOlf1: 2

cleared

1.12.2 Function 1 - Go With LEOs
... thin the OCT I I-EM arc a number of routines your program can call to display values on the LEOs (see
P'u3graph 5.3.1). For these routines to operate correctly, you must explicitly turn on the LEOs before you
all a routine. One way to turn on the LEOs is to include a MaY #7,@#177444 instruction in your
;I'".:>gram (see Paragraph 5.3.l.1). Another way is to execute your program by activating function I rather
:un by pressing the GO key. Activating function I turns on the LEOs and starts your program.

3-27

3.12.3 Function 2 - Start Console
If you connect a console terminal to your DCTII-EM, you will use function 2 frequently. Activating
function 2 starts a program called the console monitor. The console monitor resides in the on-board
PROMs and allows you to enter, execute, and debug programs through the use of a console terminal rather
than the keypad. The console monitor also allows you to perform other operations and is described in more
detail in Chapter 4.
Before activating function 2, connect a console terminal to the DCTII-EM and select an appropriate baud
rate by activating function 3 (see Paragraph 3.12.4).
When function 2 is activated, the upper and lower LEOs are blank and the message:
TEM CONSOLE MONITOR VI.O
TEM>
appears on the console terminal.
3.12.4 Function 3 - Set Baud Rates
The DCTII-EM has two serial ports: a console terminal port and an auxiliary serial port. Activating
function 3 allows you to select baud rates for these ports. When the DCTII-EM is powered up, it
automatically sets both baud rates to 9600.
When you first activate function 3, the upper row of LEOs displays:

and the lower row of LEOs displays:

II+H+I
This tells us that the console terminal port is currently set at 9600 baud. Note that the baud rate is
displayed as a decimal number.
Pressing the ADV and BAC keys steps you backward and forward among the various baud rate values
available for the console terminal port. The available baud rates for the console terminal port are: 300,
600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19200.
You can now set the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port by pressing the EXA key. The first time you do
this, the upper row of LEOs displays:

and the lower row of LEOs displays:

II+H+I
3-28

This tells US that the auxiliary serial port is currently set at 9600 baud. Repetitively pressing any of the
keys CLR, 0 through 9, ADV, or BAC causes you to alternate between two available baud rates. The two
ayailable baud rates for the auxiliary serial port are: the current baud ratc of the console terminal port and
one-fourth the current baud rate of the console terminal port. Pressing EXA again puts you into register
mode.
Fmction 3 - Example
You want to use function 3 to experiment with setting baud rates for the console terminal serial port and
the auxiliary serial port. You have not altered these baud rates since powering up.

KEY

UPPER
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

COMMENTS

11+1+11 I I 1I 1[ I

Get into function mode.

I I,lui ""! I

Select function 3

Baud rate for console
terminal pOri = 9600

11+1+\01
11+1+101
Il o l21'l o !ol

I+H+I,I II+H+I
II+H+I
II+I+H
I joj'I+H
H Ipl+ltl I H+I+I

Band rate for auxiliary
port = terminal port.

300 = one fourth of 1200

Back to 1200

Back to 300

Now In register mode

111+111

Current PC sl10wn on
lower LEOs.

3-29

Console port = 1200
AUXiliary port = 300.

3.12.5 Function 4 - Release Protection
There is an area of RAM that the DeTlI-EM normally prevents you from directly altering from the
keypad. This area is called the keypad monitor scratch pad and occupies the memory space from addresses
7400 to 7777. Refer to Paragraphs 5.2 and 5.4.1 for more information about the keypad monitor and this
protected area.
Additionally, if you have a console terminal connected to your OCT I I -EM, there are two other areas of
RAM that are protected. These areas are the console monitor scratch pad and the symbol table. They
occupy the memory space from addresses 6500 to 7377. Again, more information is provided in Chapter
5. Activating function 4 releases the protection associated with these memory spaces. Note that "protection" refers to protection from direct alteration via the keypad or console terminal. Programs that you
write can and will alter these locations. Therefore, when you write your programs make sure these spaces
are not inadvertantly violated.
Protection is restored when you press the HALT switch, when a HALT instruction is encountered, or
whenever you restart the OCTI I-EM.
When you activate function 4, the upper row of LEOs displays:

111+111
and the lower row of LEOs displays the current value of the Pc.

Function 4 - Example
You want to alter location 7400, a normally protected location.
LOWER

UPPER
DISPLAY

KEY

DISPLAY

jFNCI

11+1+1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1

1 1,1"1+1

EXA

I i !+I i

I ~ : H1 I
Current PC shown 011
lower LEOs'

COMMENTS

Get mto function mode.

Select function 4.

Protection off.

Alter the location.

11+1+11

Most recently exalll'
ined (lddress shown
on lower LEOs.

I H+i,11

Alter 7400

1+1+1+1
3-30

G
~

I H+I'! I H+ITH
1 1+1 1+1°1
I

:+!+I

!exAI

H+I+H I+H+iOI

I+I+!+I 1+l l+i 1
o

Enter 2

Restore protection by pressing the HALT switch.

111+1 11

Current PC shown on
lowt<r LEDs

Protection reslOred

'OW try to alter location 7400.

IADAI

I H+i'i 1 H+I·i+1

!exA!

10!0]71-[°101

leLAI

1: luI'i : 1 11I ' !' i I ' 1

!exAI

101+ °1+1
1

1I 1+1 : 1

When you try 10 clear 7400
you get a flashing error

rnt:ssage

Currenl PC shown on
Now In rI~gls!er mode

lower LEOs.

See Appendix C for more information on error messages.

3-31

3.13 KEYPAD COMMAND SUMMARY
OPERATION

PRESS

ENTER

PRESS

ALTER MEMORY

IADRI

LOCATION ADDRESS

IEXAI

ALTER REGISTER

IREGI

IEXAI

CANCEL BREAKPOINTS

IFNCI

IEXAI

EXAMINE MEMORY

IADRI

LOCATION ADDRESS

IEXAI

EXAMINE REGISTER

IREGI

EXECUTE PROGRAM

GO WITH LEOs

IFNCI

IEXAI

RELEASE PROTECTION

IFNCI

IEXAI

SET BAUD RATES

IFNCI

IEXAI

SET BREAKPOINT

IBPT

SET WATCHPOINT

IBPTI

SINGLE STEP

I SST

START CONSOLE

IFNCI

ENTER

REFERENCE

NEW CONTENTS

3.6

NEW CONTENTS

3.4

3.12.1

3.5

3.3

3.7

3.12.2

3.12.5

3.12.4

3.8.2

BREAKPOINT ADDRESS

IBACI

WATCHPOINT
ADDRESS

3.83

3.8.1

3-32

IEXAI

3.12.3

CHAPTER 4
CONSOLE OPERA nON
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains how to operate the DCTll-EM using a console terminal. Using a console terminal
simplifies program development because it gives you access to the DCTll-EM's symbolic assembler/disassembler. In addition, a console terminal allows you to perform several functions not accessible
with the keypad, such as the ability to load programs from a host computer.
When you complete this chapter, you will be able to use a console terminal to:
•

Examine and alter the contents of registers in the DCTll-AA register file

•

Examine and alter the contents of memory locations

•

Enter and execute programs

•

Debug your programs through the use of single steps, breakpoints, and watch points

•

Load programs from a host computer

•

Perform a variety of other console functions.

You can connect an RS232-C compatible console terminal to your DCTI1-EM as shown in Figure 4-1.
STANDARD 25-PIN CONNECTOR AND CABLE

CONSOLE TERMINAL
-=------.~~

rTTTTTl ~ 00000
ITIIIIl DOD DO
00000

00000
M" 10~55

DCT11-EM

Figure 4-1

Connecting a Console Terminal to the DCTII-EM

No other wiring or jumpering is required. Use the DCTII-EM keypad to set the correct baud rate by
activating function 3 (see Paragraph 3.12.4). Also, make sure your console terminal is set up to transmit
and receive characters in the following format: asynchronous, ASCII, 8 bits (eighth bit is always space), no
parity. one stop bit.
4-1

Then activate function 2 as described in Paragraph 3.12.3. The terminal displays:
TEM CONSOLE MONITOR VI.O
TEM>
and the console monitor is ready to accept your input.
The following default conditions are set when the console monitor is started:
I.
2.

The stack pointer is set to 6500
The PASS2, NOHOST. INSTRU, SYMBOL, and VTOFF operating modes are set.

More information about the stack pointer is given in Paragraph 5.2.1. The operating modes are described
in detail elsewhere in this chapter and are summarized in Paragraph 4.18,

4.2

TRANSFERRING CONTROl. BETWEEN THE CONSOLE TERMINAL AND THE KEYPAD

Either the console or the keypad can control the DCTII-EM. but not both at the same time,
From the keypad. your primary means of transferring control to the console is by activating function 2
(see Paragraph 3.12.3). You can regain keypad control by pressing the HALT switch. When you press the
HALT switch. DCTII-EM operation is stopped and the LEDs display the current Pc.
From the console. you can transfer control back to the keypad by typing in the EXIT command or by
executing a HALT instruction.

4.3

GENERAL RULES FOR CONSOLE INPUT

Information you input via the console terminal is typically in the form of commands. instructions. or data,
In general. your input should conform with the following guidelines.
I.

Your input line must not exceed 96 characters in length, If you exceed this limit. the console
terminal does not accept further input until you type in a CTRLjC or CTRLjY. Then. you
must reinput the line.

Any number of commands and instructions can be strung together on a line as long as the line
docs not exceed 96 characters.

Commands or instructions strung together on a line should be separated with a space or a
comma. Extra separation characters (space, tab. line feed. form feed) between commands or
instructions on a line are ignored.

If a command or an instruction in a one-line string causes an error. the commands or instructions following it are ignored.

Extra separation characters (space, tab, line feed, form feed) inserted between parts of a
command or instruction are ignored.

Information preceded by a semicolon on a line is interpreted as a comment and is ignored by the
DCT11-EM.

4-2

Pressing the DELETE key deletes characters on a line. As characters are deleted, they are
echoed (preceded by a slash character) on the console terminal if you are in VTOFF mode. The
console monitor defaults to VTOFF mode when it is started or restarted. Type in the VTON
command if you are using a video terminal as a console device. VTON mode eliminates the
echoing of deleted characters. Typing in VTOFF returns you to VTOFF mode from VTON
mode.

A line is terminated by pressing the RETURN key. Characters on a line are ignored until you
press RETURN. In all the examples in this chapter, a RETURN is used to end your input line
unless otherwise noted.

A summary of the various forms of acceptable console input is given in Paragraph 4.18. Information about
specific commands and instruction formats is given elsewhere in this chapter.
4.4 CONSOLE CONTROL COMMANDS
The DCTlI-EM recognizes several control commands that allow you to easily perform a variety of
operations from the console terminal. These commands and their typical uses are listed in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1

Meaning

Control Command Summar),

Typical Use

CTRL/U
CTRL/X

Delete line.

You made several typing errors in your input line. You want 10 cancel

CTRL/R

Display linc.

You used the DELETE key several times while typing your input line.
You want to see a clean version of the line you are editing.

CTRI./S

Suspend execution.

You want to suspend the operation of the console monitor or the
execution of a currently running program.

CTRL/Q

Resume execution.

You have previously used the CTRL/S command and want to resume
operation.

CTRL/C
CTRL/Y

Abort operation.

You wanl to abort the current operation of the DCTII-EM and input
a new line.

CTRL/O

Ignore host message.

You are in HOST mode (see Paragraph 4.17.1) and want to ignore
information currently being sent by your host computer.

CTRL/A

Select option.

You arc in TALK or LOA D modes (see Paragraphs 4.17.3 and 4.17.4)
and want to select one of these four options: exit, resume. send break,
send CTR 1./ A.

the line and try again.

4.5 EXPRESSIONS
Several commands and instructions accept expressions as parameters. This paragraph familiarizes yeu with
expressions and provides the rules for their definition.

If you wish to ignore the use of expressions for the moment, you can advance to the paragraph that
describes the command or function you are interested in. You can return to this paragraph when you need
more detail on how to define an expression for a particular command or instruction.

4-3

An expression is simply a user-definable combination of one or more components called terms that
represents a 16-bit number. There are three types of terms allowable in a DCTlI-EM expression:
•
•
•

Numeric
Literal
Symbolic

Numeric terms are either octal or decimal numbers. Octal numbers can be any sequence of the digits 0
through 7. Decimal numbers can be any sequence of the digits 0 through 9 followed by a decimal point (.).
Do not attempt to define decimal fractions.
Examples of Numeric Terms
100702

377
39874.
A literal term is an ASCII character you use as data. Precede an ASCII character with an apostrophe (') to
form a literal term.
Examples of Literal Terms

Symbolic terms are values symbolized by names wbich are defined according to the rules in Paragraph

4.13.
Examples of Symbolic Terms
RI
P$PORC
SUM
Terms are joined together in an expression by binary operators. (The word binary in this case means that
at least two terms are involved.) The DCTlI-EM allows six types of binary operators:

+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
• (multiplication)
/ (division)
& (logical AND)
! (logical OR)
The unary (one term) operators, + (plus sign) and - (minus sign), can only be used at the beginning of an
expression (or parenthesized term). Multiple unary operators are not valid.
Expressions are evaluated from left to right with no operator hierarchy rules. Two types of brackets can be
used to nest ex pressions up to seven levels deep. Use angle brackets « » as you would arithmetic
parentheses and use square brackets (D) if you want the DCTII-EM to substitute the enclosed information
with the contents of the memory word it addresses, Note that if the information in square brackets
represents an odd address, it is first rounded down.

4-4

A quick way to evaluate the octal value of an expression is to type in the expression followed by a question
mark. This command has the form:
expression?
Expressions - Examples
The following are examples of valid OCT II-EM expressions. You can verify the octal values of these
expressions by using the question mark command.
Expression

Octal Value

65209
7077+ 189.+'E
-2*<300/25>+ 70
120.*<-8.>
177777&25+3

177271
007501
000046
176100
000030

4.6 EXAMINING REGISTERS
There are two ways to examine registers. One way is to type in the appropriate register symbol followed by
a question mark. This command has the general format:
register symbol?
where the register symbol (RO, RI, etc.) is as defined in Paragraph 4.13.1.
Another way to examine registers is to type in the SHOWRE command. The SHOWRE command
displays the values of all the registers and the PS in ascending order. If a watch point has been set, it is also
displayed. Paragraph 4.14.1, which describes program debugging, gives you an illustration of the
SHOWRE command.
4.7 ALTERING REGISTERS
Registers are altered by using an equal sign to set the register to the desired value. The general format for
this is:
register symbol=expression
where the register symbol (RO, Rl, etc.) is as defined in Paragraph 4.13.1 and the register is set to the
value of the expression. (See Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats and conventions.)
Altering Registers - Example
Alter and examine the values of RO and the SP.
TEM> RO=65.
TEM> SP=6500
TEM> RO? SP?
000101
006500
TEM>
4.8 EXAMINING AND ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS-INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
There are several ways to examine and alter memory locations. Before discussing the specific techniques,
there are some introductory concepts you should be familiar with.

4-5

4.8.1

The Address Pointer

The address pointer specifies your current open location, i.e., the address of the location currently
available to you for alteration. It is important to keep track of the address pointer because it determines
where in memory you deposit information. As you will discover later, most commands which alter and
examine memory locations are closely linked to the value of the address pointer. This paragraph gives an
overview of how the address pointer can be affected.
Since the OCT II-EM recognizes a period (.) as the symbol for the address pointer, you can manipulate the
value of the address pointer just as you would any other symbol (see Paragraph 4.13.2). For example, to
set the value of the address pointer use an equal sign:
.=expression
where the value of the address pointer is determined by the expression (see Paragraph 4.5). To determine
the current value of the address pointer, use a question mark:
.)

Another way to set the address pointer is to use the backslash (\) character. The general format for a
backslash command is:
expression\
where the value of the address pointer is determined by the expression. This command also displays the
memory location specified by the expression (see Paragraph 4.9).
There are two other commands which affect the address pointer. These commands are the caret (")
command and the RETURN (or null line input) command. The effects of these commands depend upon
which output format mode the OCT II-EM is in (see Paragraph 4.8.2). A description of their effects is
given in Paragraphs 4.9 and 4.10.
When you type in a program, the OCT 1 I-EM automatically increments the address pointer for each
instruction or data object you input. Note that whenever you power up, the address pointer is initialized to
zero.
Do not confuse the address pointer with the PC (program counter). They are unrelated. As you type in a
program, the address pointer is incremented, but the PC is unaffected. And the execution of a program
will affect the PC but not necessarily the address pointer.

4.8.2 Output Formatting Modes
When you examine memory locations, the values the OCT I I-EM displays on the console depend upon
your current output formatting mode. There are five output formatting modes: INSTRU, WORD, BYTE,
SYMBOL, and ABSOLU.
The INSTRU (or instruction disassembly) mode causes memory locations to be displayed as disassembled
DCTII-AA instructions. INSTRU is one of the modes that the DCTI1-EM is initalized to when you
power up.

4-6

The WORD and BYTE modes cause memory locations to be displayed octally. Set the WORD mode (by
typing in the WaR D command) if you want the values of memory locations to be displayed as l6-bit
..-ords. Set the BYTE mode (by typing in the BYTE command) if you want the values of memory
locations to be displayed as individual bytes. If you are in WORD or BYTE mode. type in the INSTR U
command to return to instruction disassembly mode. Notice that the INSTRU, WORD. and BYTE
commands are mutually exclusive. To summarize:
Mode

Memory Locations Are Displayed As

INSTRU
BYTE
WORD

Disassembled DCTII-AA instructions
8-bit octal bytes
l6-bit octal words

Odd addresses (i.e., upper bytes) can only be examined in BYTE mode. If you try to examine an odd
address in INSTRU or WORD mode, an error message results.
The SYMBOL and ABSOLU modes determine how the symbols you have defined in your program are to
be displayed. You will usually use SYMBOL and ABSOLU in conjunction with instruction disassembly
(lNSTRU) mode.
If your program contains user-defined symbols (see Paragraph 4.13), these symbols will be displayed only
if you are in SYMBOL mode. SYMBOL is one of the modes the DCTII-EM is initialized to when you
power up.
If you want user-defined symbols to be displayed as octal values, type in the ABSOLU command to set the
ABSOLU mode. Typing in SYMBOL restores the SYMBOL mode. Note that SYMBOL and ABSOLU
are mutually exclusive. To summarize:
Mode

User-Defined Symbols Are Displayed As

SYMBOL
ABSOLU

Symbols
Octal values

4_9 EXAMINING MEMORY LOCATIONS
This paragraph summarizes the commands with which you can examine memory locations. The examples
in this paragraph are intended to give you a general idea of what to expect when you use these commands
in different output formatting modes.
One way to examine a memory location is to type in the desired memory location followed by a backs lash.
The general format for this command is:
expression\
where the memory location you examine is determined by the value of the expression (see Paragraph 4.5).
The backslash command also sets the address pointer, so a location examined with a backslash becomes
the current open location.

4-7

Examining Memory Locations - Example I
Use the backslash command to examine a memory location. Try this in different output formatting modes.
You have not altered any memory locations from their initial (power-up) values.
TEM> WORD
TEM> 2000\
002000: 000000
TEM> 100\
000100: 135676
TEM> BYTE
TEM> 100\
000100: 276
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 140000\
140000: JMP 155334
140004:
TEM>

Examining Memory Locations - Example 2
You use the backslash command to try to examine location 100 I without first typing in the BYTE
command. This causes an error message to be generated.
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 1001\
001001:

\\\

ODD ADDRESS
TEM>
Another way to examine memory locations is to simply press the RETURN key. When you press the
RETURN key as a command input, the result depends on both your output formatting mode and the
value of the address pointer. If you are in INSTRU mode, RETURN displays the next eight instructions
relative to the address pointer. In WORD mode, the contents of the next eight words relative to the
address pointer are displayed. In BYTE mode, the contents of the next eight bytes relative to the address
pointer are displayed. Note that the RETURN command is ignored when you are loading a program from
a host computer (see Paragraph 4.17).

4-8

Examining Memory Locations - Example 3
You want to examine memory locations by pressing the RETURN key. You have not altered these
locations since you have powered up. Start with location 1000.
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 1000\
001000: HALT
001002:
TEM>
001000: HALT
001002: HALT
001004: HALT
001006: HALT
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014: HALT
001016: HALT
001020:
TEM> WORD
TEM>
001000: 000000
TEM>
001020: 000000
TEM> BYTE
TEM>
001020: 000
TEM>
001030: 000
TEM>

000000

000

." one-line string of bytes or words is numbered from left to right.
'ote that consecutive RETURN keypresses increment the address pointer but nonconsecutive ones do
1000 to 1020 by pressing
RETURN twice in a row. In BYTE mode you incremented the address pointer from 1020 to 1030 by
pressing RETURN twice in a row. Pressing RETURN only once (as you did in INSTRU mode) had no
effect on the address pointer.
DOl. For example, in WORD mode you incremented the address pointer from

" way to examine a range of memory locations is to use the underscore (_) character. The general format
for this command is:
expression l_expression2
.. here the beginning of the range is determined by the value of expression I and the end of the range is
determined by the value of expression2. See Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats.
bpression I should be less than expression2. If it is not, only one location is displayed: the beginning of
range location.
'.
The use of the underscore command has no effect on the address pointer.

4-9

Examining Memory Locations - Example 4
You want to examine groups of memory locations by using the underscore command. Try this command
in INSTRU, WORD, and BYTE modes. These memory locations have not been altered since you have
powered up.

TEM> INSTRU
TEM> 2000\
002000: HALT
002002:
TEM> 1004_1012
001004: HALT
001006: HALT
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014:
TEM> WORD
TEM> 1002_1006
001002: 000000
TEM> BYTE
TEM> 1005_1020
001005: 000
001015: 000
TEM> INSTRU
TEM>
002000: HALT
002002: HALT
002004: HALT
002006: HALT
0020 I 0: HALT
002012: HALT
002014: HALT
002016: HALT
002020:
TEM>

000000

000
000

000

Notice that the address pointer value of 2000 which was set at the beginning of the example is still 2000 at
the end of the example.
4.10 ALTERING MEMORY LOCATIONS
You can deposit data into a memory location by setting the address pointer to the address of the location
you wish to alter and typing in the information. The address pointer is automatically incremented as you
deposit instructions and data to consecutive memory locations (as when you type in a program, for
example).

If you make an error during data entry, you can use the caret (1') command to decrement the address
pointer and retype the input line. In INSTRU and WORD modes, the address pointer is decremented by
one word for each caret command, and in BYTE mode it is decremented by one byte for each caret
command.

4-10

Altering Memory Locations - Example 1
You type in a short program starting at address 1000. You make an error while typing in the program and
use the caret (1\) command to help you correct the error. You then examine the program. The program
adds R I to R2 and places the result in R3. The final line restarts the console monitor so that you will get a
TEM> prompt after you execute the program.
Comments
TEM> INSTRU
TEM> .=1000
TEM> MOY RI,R3
TEM> ADD R2,R4
TEM> 1\
TEM> ADD R2,R3
TEM> JMP @#140010
TEM> 1000\
001000: MOY
001002:
TEM>
001000: MOY
001002: ADD
001004: JMP
001010: HALT
001012: HALT
001014: HALT
001016: HALT
001020:
001022:
TEM>

;you really wanted to type ADD R2,R3
;decrement address pointer by one word
;type in correct line
;continue typing in program
;now examine your program
RI,R3
RI,R3
R2,R3
@#140010

.-\ltering Memory Locations - Example 2
You type in some data starting at location 2000. You type several values on a line, remembering to include
separation characters (in this case, spaces) between them. You then examine the data you have typed in.
Comments
TEM> .=2000
TEM> I 234
TEM> .7
002010
TEM> .=2000
TEM> WORD
TEM> ._.+10
002000: 000001
TEM>

;type in four data values
;the address pointer is incremented
;reinitialize the address pointer
000002

000003

;examine the data
000004 000000

".11

INSTRUCTION FORMAT
This paragraph provides some guidelines for formatting instructions for input to the DCTlI-EM. A
complete description of the instruction set is found in the DCT11-AA User's Guide (EK-DCTH-UG).
An acceptable instruction consists of the instruction mnemonic followed by the appropriate string of
operands (if any). A separation character (space, tab, feed) must be used to separate a mnemonic from its
first operand (if any). A comma must appear between two operands in a two-operand instruction.

Expressions can be used as operands, if desired. Refer to Paragraph 4.5 for expression formats.

4-11

If you wish, you may enter your instructions in octal format, rather than in assembly language format.
Refer to Chapter 6 of the DCTII-AA User's Guide for information on constructing octal equivalents of
instructions.
4.12 TYPING II'i A PROGRAM
Set the address pointer to 2000 and type in the summation program from Paragraph 3.8 as shown below.
TEM> .=2000
TEM> CLR RI
TEM> CMP RO,R 1
TEM> BLE 2034
TEM> CLR @#2044
TEM> MOY RO,@#2044
TEM> DEC RO
TEM> ADD RO,@#2044
TEM> BYS 2036
TEM> CMP RO,R 1
TEM> BOT 2016
TEM> HALT
TEM> CLR RO
TEM> CLR @#2044
TEM> HALT
TEM>
Now verify you have typed in the program correctly by setting the address pointer to 2000 and repeatedly
pressing the RETURN key. If you are in INSTRU mode, the following will be displayed.
TEM> .=2000
TEM>
002000: CLR
002002: CMP
002004: BLE
002006: CLR
002012: MOY
002016: DEC
002020: ADD
002024: BYS
002026:
TEM>
002026: CMP
002030: BOT
002032: HALT
002034: CLR
002036: CLR
002042: HALT
002044: HALT
002046: HALT
002050:
TEM>

RI
RO,RI
002034
@#002044
RO,@#002044
RO
RO,@#002044
002036
RO,RI
002016
RO
@#002044

The address pointer is automatically incremented each time you type in an instruction.

4-12

','(l may want to use symbolic names to represent values such as 2044 (the location of the accumulated
.. mJ to increase the readability of the program. The next few paragraphs tell you how to define and
..... nipulate symbols.
If ~ou want to execute the program and learn how to use the DCTII-EM's console debugging facilities,
.t-·ance to Paragraph 4.14.
~13

USING SYMBOLS

Tbc OCT II-EM allows you to define symbols in your programs. This paragraph describes the formats
mjuired for DCTll-EM symbols and explains the use of the commands which allow you to define and
_nipulate symbols.
~13.1

Symbol Names

Tbc following characters may be used in symhol names.
A through Z

o through 9

. (Period)
$ (Dollar sign)
." symbol name must not begin with 0 through 9, however .
." symbol name may have any length; however, only the first six characters are stored by the DCTII-EM.
Thus, to avoid ambiguities, make the first six characters of your symbol names unique.
The following predefined symbol names are reserved.

RO
RI
R2
R3
R4
R5
SP
PC
PS
WP
BI
B2

B3
B4

Register 0
Register I
Register 2
Register 3
Register 4
Register 5
Stack pointer (register 6)
Program counter (register 7)
Processor status word
Watchpoint address
Address pointer
Breakpoint 1
Breakpoint 2
Breakpoint 3
Breakpoint 4

These predefined symbols must not be used as user-defined symbol names, although they can be used as
arguments in expressions, instructions, or commands.
OCTlI-EM directives, commands, and OCTll-AA instruction mnemonics (e.g., MOY, ADD, JMP) are
also reserved and must not be used as symbol names.

4-13

4.13.2 Commands That Define And Manipulate Symbols
There are two ways you can define a symbol. One way is to use the equal sign (~) to equate a symbol to a
specific value. The general format of this is:
symbol~expression

where the value of the symbol is determined by the expression.
The other way of defining a symbol is to use a colon (:). The colon defines a symbol as the label of the
current address. The general format of this is:
symbol:
where the value of the symbol is defined as the value of the address pointer.
Once you have defined a symbol, you cannot redefine it unless you first delete it. Symbol deletion is
accomplished with the DELETE command. This command has the general format:
DELETE symbol
where the name of the symbol you wish to delete follows the command. The DELETE command causes
the OCT II-EM to display the symbol and its value as it performs the deletion.
Predefined symbols (see Paragraph 4.13.1) cannot be deleted with the DELETE command. Predefined
symbols can be redefined, however, by using the equal sign.
When you define a symbol, it is stored in an area called the user symbol table. There is sufficient space in
the user symbol table to store up to 66 symbols. If you try to define more than 66 symbols, you will cause
an error message to be generated.
If you want to display your user symbol table, type in the SHOWSY command. The symbols are displayed
in the order in which you defined them, starting with the most recently defined symbol.
If you want to delete your entire symbol table, type in the CLEAR command. The CLEAR command is
typically used at the beginning of a long program or a program you are loading in from a host computer
(see Paragraph 4.17). CLEAR gives the program plenty of room in the symbol table for symbols and
avoids conflicts between symbol names in the program and any symbol names you may have previously
defined.
If you want to display the value of an individual symbol, type in the symbol followed by a question mark
(?). The general format for this is:
symbol?

4-14

Defining and Manipulating Symbols - Example 1
You set the address pointer to 1000 and define the symbols FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD. You
experiment with displaying and deleting these symbols.

TEM> CLEAR
TEM> .=1000
TEM> FIRST:
TEM> SECOND=FIRST+IOO
TEM> THIRD=SECOND+300
TEM> SHOWSY
THIRD = 001400
SECOND= 001100
FIRST = 001000
TEM> DELETE FIRST
FIRST = 001000
TEM> SHOWSY
THIRD = 001400
SECOND= 001100
TEM> CLEAR
TEM> SHOWSY
TEM>
SECOND is set equal to 1100 because FIRST equals LOOO at the time of definition. If you delete FIRST
after you delete SECOND SECOND will be unaffected.
4.14 EXECUTING AND DEBUGGING PROGRAMS
Refer to the summation program you typed in (Paragraph 4.12). You will make some minor changes to
this program and use the DCTll-EM's debugging facilities to observe its operation.

First, replace memory location numbers with symbolic names (see Paragraph 4.13).
TEM> ILLIN=2034
TEM> SUM=2044
TEM> OVFLO=2036
TEM> LOOP=2016
TEM>
Instead of having the program HALT when it completes execution (which returns control to the keypad),
~ou want it to restart the console monitor and give you a TEM> prompt. You do this by placing a JMP
~.1400 10 instruction at location 2032 which restarts the console monitor when executed.
TEM> .=2032
TEM> JMP @#140010
TEM>
'ow set your initial conditions as follows.
TEM> RO=IOO
TEM> PC=2000
TEM> SP=6500
TEM>

4-15

Then execute the program by typing in the GO command.
TEM> GO
TEM>
To check the result. examine SUM.
TEM> SUM\
SUM : 004040
TEM>
This is the correct sum in octal of the numbers from 0 to 100 (octal).
4.14.1 Using The Watchpoint
The DCTII-EM recognizes WP as the symbol for the watch point. Set the watchpoint address by using the
eq ual sign command. The general format for this is:

WP=expression
where the watchpoint address is determined by the value of the expression.
For example, to monitor the accumulated sum in your program, set your watch point at the location SUM.
TEM>WP=SLM
TEM>
Now reset your initial conditions (set RO= I 00) and execute the program. After you receive the TEM>
prompt, use the SHOWRE command to examine your registers.
TEM> SHOWRE
RO
= 000000
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
= 002000
PC
PS
= 000004
SUM
: 004040
TEM>
Notice your watch point appears as well. Another way to examine the watehpoint is to use the question
mark command. WP? displays numerically the watch point address. [WPj? displays numerically the
watchpoint contents.
TEM> WP?
002044
TEM> [WPj?
004040
TEM>
The watch point can be cleared by setting it to zero or by typing in the CANCEL command, which not
only clears the watch point but the breakpoints as well.

4-16

•. 14.2 Using the Single-Step Function
Single stepping is accomplished by typing in the STEP command. STEP executes the instruction at the
current PC and displays: (1) the new values of your registers and watchpoint, and (2) the next instruction
to be executed.
To experiment with the STEP command, reset the initial conditions for your program (set RO= I00) and
type in STEP. You can then continue single stepping by repeatedly pressing the RETURN key.
TEM> STEP
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002002
= 000024
PS
SUM : 004040
002002 : CMP RO,RI
002004 :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002004
= 000020
PS
SUM : 004040
002004 : BLE ILLIN
002006 :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= 002006
= 000020
PS
SUM : 004040
002006 : CLR @#SUM
002012 :
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000

4-17

SP
= 006500
= 002012
PC
PS
= 000024
SUM : 000000
002012 : MOV RO,@#SUM
LOOP:
TEM>
RO
= 000100
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
PC
= LOOP
PS
= 000020
SUM : 000100
LOOP: DEC RO
002020 :
TEM>
RO
= 000077
= 000000
RI
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
= 002020
PC
PS
= 000020
SUM : 000100
002020 : ADD RO,@#SUM
002024 :
TEM>
RO
= 000077
RI
= 000000
R2
= 000000
R3
= 000000
R4
= 000000
R5
= 000000
SP
= 006500
= 002024
PC
= 000020
PS
SUM : 000177
002024 : BVS OVFLO
002026 :
TEM>
The program is functioning properly; RO is getting decremented and added to SUM.

4-18

4.14.3 Using Breakpoints
The use of breakpoints with a console terminal is similar to the use of breakpoints with the keypad (see
Paragraph 3.8.2).
The OCT I I-EM recognizes BI, B2, B3, and B4 as the symbols for the four breakpoints. Set a breakpoint
~ using the equal sign command. The general format for this is:

breakpoint symbol=expression
_here the breakpoint is determined by the value of the expression.
F<l4" example, to set breakpoints at locations 2020 and 2024 in the summation program (as you did with the
lC) pad), type in:

TEM> BI=2020
TEM> B2=2024
TEM>
'ow reset your initial conditions (set RO= 100, PC=2000) and execute the program.
TEM> GO
BREAK POINT ENCOUNTERED
002020: ADD RO,@#SUM
002024:
TEM>
'fou get a message which indicates that your first breakpoint (BI) was encountered by the console monitor.
T() determine the current state of your program, type in the SHOWRE command.
TEM> SHOWRE
RO = 000077
Rl = 000000
R2 = 000000
R3 = 000000
R4 = 000000
R5 = 000000
SP = 006500
PC = 002020
PS = 000000
SUM: 000100
TEM>

4-19

You sec that RO has been correctly decremented. When you type in GO again:
TEM> GO
BREAK POIl\T ENCOUNTERED
002024: BVS OVFLO
002026:
TEM>
the console message appears (this time because of B2), and you again examine the state of your program.
TEM> SHOWRE
RO ~ 000077
R I ~ 000000
R2 ~ 000000
R3 ~ 000000
R4 ~ 000000
R5 ~ 000000
SP ~ 006500
PC ~ 002024
PS ~ 000000
SUM: 000177
TEM>
You see that the first addition was performed correctly. You can continue to observe the operation of the
program by typing in the GO and SHOWRE sequence as just shown.
To examine a breakpoint, type in BI?, B2?, B3?, or B4? Breakpoints can be cleared by setting them to
zero or by typing in the CANCEL command, which not only clears the breakpoints but the watch point as
well.
4.t5 Dellt-EM DIRECfIVES
As a convenience for users who are familiar with assemblers (and in particular the PDP-II MACRO-II
assembler), the DCTlI-EM recognizes several directives which are similar to those used in the MACROII language. These directives are listed in Table 4-2 with a brief explanation of their operation. For
detailed information about how to use these directives in your programs, refer to the PDP-II MACRO-II
Language Reference Manual (AA-5075A-TC).

4-20

Tabl.4-2

DCTII-E'VI Direeli,es

Directive Form

Operation

\SCII /string/

Generates a block of data containing the ASCI] equivalent of the character string
(enclosed in delimiting characters), one character per byte. The delimiting characters i.:an
be slashes or any other visible character. The ASCII code for each character is ~torcd in
successive bytes of memory starling at the location indicated by the current address
pointer. The address pointer is advanced by the length (in characters) of the enclosed
string.

BLKB expr

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in bytes is determined by ehe specified
expression. The current address pointer is advanced by the value of the expression.

BLKWexpr

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in words is determined by the specified
expres::>ion. The current address pointer is advanced by two times the value of the
expressIon.

BYTE exprl, expr2, , . ,

Generates successive bytes of data: each byte contains the value of the corresponding
specified expression. The lower eight bits of each expression art: stored in successive bytes
of memory, starting at the location indicated by the curren I address pointer. The address
pointer is advanced by the number of expressions given. The last expression must not be
followed by a comma.
Ensures that the current address pointer contains an even address by adding I if it is odd.

.ORD exprl. cxpr2, . .

Generates successive words of data; each word contains the value of the corresponding
specified expression. The value of each expression is stored in successive words of memory
starting at the location indicated by the current address pointer. The addre::.s pointer is
advanced by two times the number of expressions given. The last expre:'>sion must not be
followed by a comma.

4.16 MISCELLANEOUS CONSOLE FUNCTIONS
The DCTII-EM has a HELP facility which displays all the commands available to you. To invoke this
b.ility, type in HELP.

lou can display the current operating modes of the OCT II-EM by typing in the SHOWMO command .
• ben you first power up, typing in the SHOWMO command displays the default operating modes:
PASS2

NOHOST

INSTRU

SYMBOL

VTOFF

The operating modes that can be displayed are: PASSI, PASS2. HOST, NOHOST, INSTRU, WORD,
J)TE, SYMBOL, ABSOLU, VTON, and VTOFF. See the command summary in Paragraph 4.18 for
~f descriptions of these modes. The command summary also contains references to paragraphs that
aplain the modes in detail.
The DCTII-EM has a REPEAT function which allows you to repeatedly input a line of commands or
-,ructions. The form of this command is:
REPEA T expression, input line

4-21

where the input line is executed the number of times specified by the value of the expression. One
application of the REPEAT command is to fill memory. For example, the REPEAT 1000,NOP command will fill 1000 (octal) locations with NOP instructions. The REPEAT command also lets you single
step without having to press the RETURN key repeatedly (see Paragraph 4.14.2). The REPEAT 7, STEP
command, for example, single steps through your program seven times.
Repeat Command - Example
A third application of the REPEAT command is to move blocks of memory. You must specify the
beginning and ending addresses of the range to be moved (the source range) and the beginning address of
the destination range. The general format for a command sequence which moves a block of memory is:

TEM> .=destination
TEM> REPEAT <end-start>/2+1,[.+start-destination]
where start and end are the beginning and ending addresses (respectively) of the source range, and
destination is the beginning address of the destination range. Both ranges must begin at even addresses,
and only words of memory can be transferred.
For example, if you want to move the contents of locations 1000 through 1010 to 2030 through 2040, type
in the following.
TEM> .=2030
TEM> REPEAT <1010-1000>/2+1,[.+1000-2030]

4.17 LOADING THE DeTlt-EM FROM A HOST COMPUTER
This paragraph describes how to load information (usually a program) from a host computer into your
DCTIl-EM. Two broad areas are covered. First, you are familiarized with the console monitor commands
that initiate and control the host loading process. Second, you are shown how to prepare a DCTll-EM
loadable program on your host.
4.17.1 Configuring the DCrU-EM for Host Loading
Since host loading is accomplished through the use of console monitor commands, you must have your
DCT1I-EM connected to a console terminal.
Your host computer must have a serial communication line capable of sending data to the DCTll-EM in
ASCII text format. Connect the serial line from the host to the DCTll-EM auxiliary serial port connector
(13) as shown in Figure 4-2.
STANDARD 25-PIN CONNECTOR AND CABLE

HOST COMPUTE R

CONSOLE TERMINAL

rTTTTTl ~ 00000
ITIIID 00000

VT100

00000
00000

DCT11-EM
""" 10254

Figure 4-2

Connecting a Host Computer to the DCTII-EM

4-22

No other wiring or jumpering is required. Set the baud rate of your console terminal equal to the baud rate
of your host line. Use the DCTll-EM keypad to set the same baud rate for the console serial port by
activating function 3 as described in Paragraph 3.12.4. Also make sure you are set up to transmit and
receive characters in the following format: asynchronous, ASCII, 8 bits (eighth bit is always space), no
parity, one stop bit.
You need not set the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port. When you communicate with a host, the
DCTlI-EM automatically sets the baud rate of the auxiliary serial port equal to the baud rate of the
console serial port.
Activate function 2 as described In Paragraph 3.12.3 to start the console monitor. When the console
displays a prompt, type in:
TEM> HOST
The HOST command places you in HOST mode and is a prerequisite for performing any operation with a
host computer.
HOST mode only allows you to receive messages from the host. If you want to communicate directly with
the host, use the TALK command in addition to HOST. If you want to load information from the host, use
the LOAD command in addition to HOST. The TALK and LOAD commands are explained in
Paragraphs 4.17.3 and 4.17.4.
The NOHOST command cancels HOST mode.
4.17.2 The HOST Command
Typing in the HOST command has two effects:

1.
2.

It defines the auxiliary serial port as a host communication line.
It creates an input buffer to hold information received from the host.

A HOST> prompt precedes any messages you receive from your host while in HOST mode.

Host Mode - Example
You are in HOST mode and you receive a message from the host before you finish typing an input line. If
you simply continue typing the line, the console monitor restores the interrupted line and appends your
new material to it. Messages from the host are ignored as console input.
Comments
TEM> HOST
TEM> MOY RO,R I
TEM> MOY R
HOST>
This is a message from the host ...
TEM> MOY RO.R2
TEM>

:You were typing MOY RO.Rl

;You type O.R2 and the previous line is restored.

4.17.3 The TALK Command
Typing in the TALK command allows you to communicate directly with the host just as if the DCTIIEVI were not there. It has the same effect as connecting the serial line from the host directly to your
.:onsole terminal.

4-23

Typically, you might use the TALK mode to prepare a DCT II-EM loadable file with your host's editing
facilities (sec Paragraph 4.17.5).
The user LED is illuminated in TALK mode.
There are two ways to cancel TALK mode. One way is to press the BREAK key on the console. The
DCT II-EM responds:
CONSOLE BREAK
TEM>
and you not only cancel TALK mode but HOST mode as well. The other way is to type in CTRL/A. The
DCT II-EM responds:
E (EXIT), R (RESU'vIE), B (SE"JD BREAK)," A (SEND I\A)?
If you type in the letter E, TALK mode is canceled but HOST mode is not.
Note that typing in CTRL/ A ("A) in TALK mode gives you three other options. You can send a break or
CTRL/ A character to the host by typing in Bar CTRL/ A, respectively. Typing in an R or any characters
other than E, B, or CTRL/ A, causes TALK mode to be resumed.
4,17.4 The LOAD Command
Use the LOAD command only after you have prepared a DCTII-EM loadable program on your host as
explained in Paragraph 4.17.5.
Typing in the LOAD command allows you to communicate directly with the host just as the TALK
command does. In LOAD mode, however, the DCTII-EM constantly monitors the characters received
from the host and begins loading if it sees the .ST AR T directive.
To initiate host loading while in LOAD mode, therefore, simply enter a command (which depends on the
particular host you are using) that types out your program on the console terminal. For example, if you
were using a VAX/VMS host, you would use TYPE PROG.TXT to type out the file PROG.TXT on your
terminal. Since your DCTlI-EM loadable program always has the .START directive as its first line,
typing the program causes the DCTII-EM to start loading.

NOTE
During the loading process, the DCT 11-EM accepts
input from both serial ports simultaneously. As a
rule, do not press keys on the console terminal during loading since this interferes with your host's
input. The only exception to this rule is the use of
the CTRLjO command (see below).
Once loading begins, it continues until the .END directive is received or until an error in the incoming
program is detected. In both cases, when loading stops, you are returned to HOST mode. If loading stops
as a result of an error in your program, the portion of the program that follows the error will be displayed
on your console terminal as a "message" from the host.
If loading is terminated by an error in your program, you can suppress further display of the program by
typing in the CTRLjO command. CTRLjO causes the DCTlI-EM to ignore messages from the host until
you press the RETURN key. If you want to terminate output from the host, enter CTRLjO followed by
the TALK command followed by the appropriate interrupt control sequence your host recognizes (such as
CTRL/Y or CTRL/C).

4-24

Note that the user LEO is illuminated in LOAD mode. Also note that pressing BREAK or typing in
CTRL/ A has the same effect in LOAD mode as in TALK mode.
4.17.5 Preparing OCfIl-EM Loadable Programs on a Host
In general, you will find it convenient to use your host's editing facilities to create programs. This is
particularly true if the programs are long or require extensive alteration. In order to prepare a program the
DCTlI-EM will accept, keep the following in mind.
Make sure the .START directive precedes your program. The DCTII-EM will not be able to load your
program unless it first sees the .START directive.
Next, realize that when your program is loaded into the DCTII-EM, the OCTII-EM will behave as if
each line of your program were being entered by you directly from the console terminal. This means that
the rules and conventions of console monitor input apply also to each line of the program you create on
your host. The one exception is that the null line command (i.e., pressing RETURN to examine successive
memory locations) is disabled during host loading.
If your program contains undefined symbols or expressions (for example, a "forward reference"), prepare
your program as two identical segments. Precede the first segment with the PASSI command and the
second segment with the PASS2 command. The idea behind the PASSI and PASS2 commands is as
follows.
Normally, the DCTII-EM does not allow you to input undefined symbols. This mode of operation is
called the PASS2 mode (PASS2 is one of the power-up default modes of the DCTl I -EM). The use of
undefined symbols in your programs, however, is commonly desirable. for example, consider the following
program segment.
CMP #177700,RI
BNE .+14
INC R2
CMP R2,#200
BLO .+4
CLR R2
MOV R2,R3
In this example, you are branching to a defined location (i.e., the location that contains the MOV R2,R3
instruction), but are doing so in a cumbersome way. You need to perform a calculation for each branching
instruction. An easier way to write this program segment would be:
CMP # I 77700,R I
BNE THERE
INC R2
CMP R2,#200
BLO THERE
CLR R2
THERE: MOV R2,R3
But if the DCTII-EM is in a mode in which it rejects undefined symbols, an error results when you try to
input BNE THERE.
The DCTII-EM solves this problem by having a mode of operation in which undefined symbols are
tolerated called the PASS I mode.

4-25

In the PASS] mode, the DCTll-EM substitutes the value zero for each undefined symbol encountered in
expressions except when the undefined symbol is the operand of a branch instruction. In that case, the
value of the current address pointer is substituted for the value of the branch operand. If an undefined
symbol is later defined through the use of an equal sign (~) or colon (:), the symbol is entered into the
symbol table with its proper value.

NOTE
Undefined expressions involving the address pointer
are never tolerated, not even in PASSl. For example
if A, B, and C are undefined, the following are
unacceptable:
.=A
.BLKB B
.BLKW C

Make sure the .END directive terminates your program.
A DCTll-EM Loadable Program - Example 1
Use your host's editing facilities to create the summation program presented in Paragraph 3.8. Comments
from the original program are shown in lowercase, and comments added for the benefit of the example are
shown in uppercase.

,START
, = 2000

CLR Rl
CMP RO,Rl
BLE 2034
CLR @#2044
MOY RO,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD RO,@#2044
BYS 2036
CMP RO,Rl
BGT 2016
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @#2044
HALT
.END

;THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
;ENTER THE PROGRAM STARTING AT LOCATION 2000.
;Set Rl ~ O.
;RO contains n.
;Illegal input (n < 0)°
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n ~ n~1

;Add next value (n~ I) to 2044.
;Overflow?
;No.
;Continue operation if n > O.
;Operation complete if n ~ O.
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
;Illegal input or overflow occurred.
;STOP HOST LOADING .

4-26

.4. DCTlI-EM Loadable Program - Example 2

In this example, the summation program above is changed slightly such that forward references to the
symbols ILLIN and OVFLO are made. Since these symbols are undefined when first referenced, you must
create the program in two segments to make it acceptable to the DCTII-EM.
.sTART
CLEAR
PASSI

. =

2000

BEGIN:

LOOP:

ILLlN:
OVFLO:

CLR RI
CMP RO,RI
BLE ILLIN
CLR @#2044
MOV RO,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD RO,@#2044
BVS OVFLO
CMP RO,Rl
BGT LOOP
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @#2044
HALT

PASS2

. =

2000

BEGIN:

LOOP:

ILLlN:
OVFLO;
.END

CLR RI
CMP RO,RI
BLE ILLIN
CLR @#2044
MOV RO,@#2044
DEC RO
ADD RO,@#2044
BVS OVFLO
CMP RO,Rl
BGT LOOP
HALT
CLR RO
CLR @#2044
HALT

;THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
;DELETE ALL PREVIOUSLY DEFINED
;SYMBOLS.
;PERFORM FIRST PASS INPUT OF PROGRAM.
;ALLOW UNDEFINED SYMBOLS AND SET
;THEIR VALUES TO ZERO.
;INPUT THE PROGRAM STARTING AT
;LOCATION 2000.
;Set Rl = 0.
;RO contains n.
;lIIegal input (n <: OJ?
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n = n-I
;Add next value (n-I) to 2044.
;Overflow?
;No.
;Continue operation if n > 0.
;Operation complete if n = 0.
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
;Illegal input or overflow occurred.
;PERFORM SECOND PASS ENTRY OF
;PROGRAM.
;SYMBOLS ARE NO LONGER UNDEFINED AND
;ARE ASSIGNED CORRECT VALUES.
;UNRESOLVED ADDRESSES ARE RESOLVED.
;iNPUT THE PROGRAM AGAIN STARTING AT
;LOCA nON 2000.
;Set RI = 0.
;RO contains n.
;lIlegal input (n <: OJ?
;No, start operation by clearing 2044.
;Place first value of n in 2044.
;n = n-I
;Add next value (n-l) to 2044.
;Overflow?
;No.
;Continue operation if n > 0.
;Operation complete if n = 0.
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only.
;IIlegal input or overflow occurred.
;STOP HOST LOADING .

4-27

4.17.6

An Illustration of the Host Loading Process

This paragraph steps you through a session with the DCTII-EM during which you load the summation
program you created on your host (see example I, Paragraph 4.17.5).
Assuming you are in NOHOST mode, the first step is to get into LOAD mode by typing in:
TEM> HOST LOAD
Press RETURN until your host responds with its usual prompting character(s).
Then direct your host to type or otherwise display on the console terminal the program you wish to load.
This command might be in the form:
TYPE SUMM
where TYPE is the the command your host recognizes to display the program and SUMM is the name you
gave the program. When the host starts typing the program, the following appears on your console
terminal. (This program does not contain any undefined symbols and requires only one pass.)
.START
TFM>
:THIS LINE MUST APPEAR FIRST.
TEM> CLEAR
:DELETE ALL PREVIOUSLY DEFINED
TEVf>
:SYMBOLS.
TEM> . ~ 1000
:ENTER THE PROGRAM STARTING AT
TEM>
;LOCA TION 2000.
TF\1>CLRRI
;Set RI = O.
TEM> CMP RO,R I
;RO contains n.
TE'v1> BLE 2034
:Illegal input (n < 0),'
TEM> CLR 0#2044
:No, start operation by clearing 2044.
TEM> MOV RO,~,#2044
;Place first value of n in 2044.
TEM> DEC RO
;n = n-I
;Add next value (n-I) to 2044.
TEM> ADD RO,~,#2044
;Overfiow'J
TEM> BVS 2036
TEM> CMP RO,R I
;No.
TEM> BGT 2016
;Continllc operation if n > O.
TFM> IIALT
;Operation complete if n = O.
TEM> CLR RO
;Yes, illegal input. Clear RO, 2044.
TEM> CLR ([I #2044
;Yes, overflow. Clear 2044 only,
:Illegal input or overflow occurred.
TEM> HALT
TEM> E\D
;STOP HOST LOADING.
HOST>
<your hosl's prompt appears on the last line>
The DCTII-EM successfully loaded your program and you are now back in HOST mode. The console
monitor can now respond to your input. If you type in 2000, you can examine the program you just loaded
by pressing RETURN repeatedly.

4-28

If your program is successfully being loaded into the DCTlI-EM, each line is preceded by the TEM>
prompt. If a program line causes a console error message, loading stops but typing continues (without the
TEM> prompt).
4.18

CONSOLE COMMAND SUMMARY

General Form

Operation

expr

Deposit the expression in RAM unless the expression is part of another
command. Advance the address pointer accordingly.

instr

Assemble and deposit the instruction at the location indicated by the
address pointer. Advance the address pointer accordingly.
Display the contents of the locations from expr 1 through expr2. If expr 1 is
greater than expr2. only exprl contents displayed.

expr?

Display numerically the value of the cxpression.

expr\

Set the address pointer to the value of the expression. Display the contents
of the location specified by the expression.

null line

Display, relative to the address pointer, the next eight instructions if in
INSTRU mode. the next eight words if in WORD mode, or the next eight
bytes if in BYTE mode. If single stepping, single step again.

sym bol~expr

Define the symbol to be equal to the expression.

symbol:

Define the symbol to be equal to the current value of the address pointer.
Decrement the address pointer by one byte if you are in BYTE mode or
by one word if you are in WORD or INSTRU mode.

Form

Paragraph
Reference

ABSOLU

4.8.2

Sets the ABSOLU mode. Causes user-defined
symbols in programs to be displayed as numeric
values.

.ASCII jstringj

4.15

Generates a block of data containing the ASCII
equivalent of the character string (enclosed in
delimiting characters), one character per byte.

.BLKB expr

4.15

Reserves a block of storagc space whose length in
bytes is determined by the specified expression.

.BLKWexpr

4.15

Reserves a block of storage space whose length in
words is determined by the specified expression.

Operation

4-29

.BYTE expr I, expr2, ...

4.15

Generates successive bytes of data; each byte contains the value of the corresponding specified
expression.

BYTE

4.8.2

Sets the BYTE mode for memory examination
and alteration operations. Causes memory to be
displayed as three digit bytes.

CANCEL

4.14.1
4.14.3

Clears all four breakpoints and the watch point.

CLEAR

4.13.2

Clears the user symbol table.

DELETE symbol

4.13.2

Deletes user-defined symbol from the user symbol
table.

.END

4.17.4

Used at the end of programs that are to be loaded
into the DCTII-EM from a host. Causes the
DCTII-EM to terminate host loading if in LOAD
mode .

. EVEN

4.15

Ensures that the current address pointer contains
an even address by adding I if it is odd.

EXIT

4.2

Transfers console control to the keypad.

4.14

Executes the user program at the current PC
value.

HELP

4.16

Displays a table of commands.

HOST

4.17.1

Sets the HOST mode. Allows the DCTII-EM to
receive messages from a host.

INSTRU

4.8.2

Sets the INSTRU mode. Data is displayed as
DCTII-AA assembly language instructions. Is set
by default when the DCTII-EM is powered up.

LOAD

4.17.1

Sets the LOAD mode. Establishes host communication. Allows the DCTII-EM to begin loading if
it encounters the .START command.

NOHOST

4.17.1

Clears the HOST mode. Is set by default when
the DCTII-EM is powered up.

PASSI

4.17.5

Sets the PASS I mode. Allows the use of undefined symbols.

PASS2

4.17.5

Sets the PASS2 mode. Requires all symbols to be
defined. Is set by default when the DCTlI-EM is
powered up.

4-30

REPEAT expr,cmd

4.16

Repeatedly performs the specified command(s)
by the number of times specified by the
expression.

SHOWMO

4.16

Displays the current operating modes of the
DCTII-EM.

SHOWRE

4.6

Displays the contents of user registers and the
watch point if the watchpoint is set.

SHOWSY

4.13.2

Displays the contents of the user symbol table.

START

4.17.5

Used at the beginning of programs that are to be
loaded into the DCTlI-EM from a host. Causes
the DCTII-EM to start host loading if in LOAD
mode.

STEP

4.14.2

Executes one instruction of a user program at the
current value of the Pc. Displays the contents of
user registers and the watch point if the
watch point is set. Displays the next instruction to
be executed.

SYMBOL

4.8.2

Sets the SYMBOL mode. Causes user-defined
symbols in programs to be displayed as symbols
rather than as numeric values. Is set by default
when the DCTII-EM is powered up.

TALK

4.17.1

Sets the TALK mode. Establishes host communication. Allows you to communicate directly with
a host as if the DCT II-EM were not there. Typically used for program development on a host.

\TOFF

4.3

Sets the VTOFF mode. Causes deleted characters
to be echoed (preceded by a slash) on the console
terminal when you press the DELETE key. Is set
by default when the DCT I I-EM is powered up.

\TON

4.3

Sets the VTON mode. Characters you delete by
pressing the DELETE key are not echoed in this
mode. Typically used if you have a video terminal
for a console.

WORD exprl, expr2, ...

4.15

Generates successive words of data; each word
contains the value of the corresponding specified
expression.

4-31

4.19

CONTROL COMMAND SUMMARY

Command

Meaning

Typical Use

CTRL/U
CTRL/X

Delete line.

You made several typing errors in your input line.
You want to cancel the line and try again.

CTRL/R

Display line.

You used the DELETE key several times while
typing your input line. You want to see a clean
version of the line you are editing.

CTRL/S

Suspend execution.

You want to suspend the operation of the console
monitor or the execution of a currently running
program.

CTRL/Q

Resume execution.

You have previously used the CTRL/S command
and want to resume operation.

CTRL/C

Abort operation.

You want to abort the current CTRL/Y operation of the DCTlI-EM and input a new line.

CTRL/O

Ignore host message.

You are in HOST mode (sec Paragraph 4.17.1)
and want to ignore information currently being
sent by your host computer.

CTRL/A

Select option.

You are in TALK or LOAD modes (see
Paragraphs 4.17.3 and 4.17.4) and want to select
one of these four options: exit, resume, send
break, send CTRL/ A.

4-32

CHAPTERS
SOFTWARE

5.1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides some information about the DCTII-EM monitor and introduces you to monitor
subroutines you can use in your programs. The chapter also describes how address space is allocated in the
OCT I I-EM and shows you which areas are available and unavailable for use.
This material is summary in nature. More detailed information can be found in the OCT II-EM monitor
listing (see Appendix A) and in the DCTII-EM schematics (see Appendix B).

5.2 THE MONITOR
The monitor is a PROM resident program that controls the operation of the DCTII-EM. Its main purpose
is to provide an environment in which you can develop and run programs. The portion of the monitor that
allows you to operate the OCT I I-EM with the keypad is called the keypad monitor and the portion that
lets you usc a console terminal is called the console monitor. When you learned how to operate the
OCT I I-EM with the keypad and console in Chapters 3 and 4, you were really learning how to get the
monitor to do things for you.
When you execute a program, the monitor relinquishes control of the DCTII-EM to your program.
Control is returned to the monitor (i.e., the monitor is restarted) by any of the following ways:
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Pressing the HALT switch
Executing a HALT instruction
Encountering a breakpoint or executing a BPT instruction
Attempting to execute an illegal instruction
Performing a single step
Sending a BREAK from a console terminal
Executing a JMP @#14001 0 instruction
Sending a CTRL/C or CTRL/Y command from a console terminal

The first two ways (1 and 2) always return control to the keypad monitor. The remaining ways (3 through
8) return control to the keypad monitor if you are using the keypad or the console monitor if you are using
a console terminal. When control is returned to the kcypad monitor, the PC is displayed on the LEOs and
you are in register mode. (If a flashing error message appears on the LEDs, press the HALT switch or any
key to display the PC.) When control is returned to the console monitor, a TEM> prompt is displayed on
your console terminal. Refer to Appendix A for details about how the HALT and BPT instructions
interact with the monitor. Also refer to Appendix A for information on the effects of setting the T-bit.

5-1

When you return control to the monitor, the DCTll-EM registers contain the values they had at the time
your program slopped with the following exceptions.
I.

If you execute a JMP @#140010 instruction, the PC is restored to the value it had when your
program started. This allows easy restarting of the program.

If you type CTRL/C or CTRL/Y from a console terminal, all the DCTI1-EM registers are
restored to the values they had when your program started.

If you encounter a breakpoint, the stack pointer is set to the value it had just before the
break point occurred.

5.2.1 The Stack Pointer
The monitor initializes your stack pointer to 7400 when you power up. The monitor also checks to make
sure your stack pointer is in the range 4 through 7400, inclusive (for the keypad monitor), or 4 through
6500, inclusive (for the console monitor), before it allows your program to execute. It is up to you,
however, to make sure the stack pointer has a reasonable value before you attempt to run a program.
For example, it is a good idea to make sure your stack pointer and the information you push onto the stack
do not overlap your program. To decrease the chance of this happening, set the stack pointer well above
the area in which your program resides.

5.3

MONITOR SUBROUTINES

Several portions of the DCTll-EM monitor arc accessible to your programs as subroutines. If you want to
use one of these subroutines in your program, simply include a JSR instruction in the form:
JSR PC,@#subroutine
where subroutine refers to the address of the desired subroutine.
Subroutine mnemonics arc defined within the monitor only, so make sure your program defines these
mnemonics before it uses them as symbols.

5.3.)

KeYI'ad/LED Subroutines

Address

Mnemonic

Descril'tion

140014

DGDISP

Display Hex Digit
Takes the value contained in the lower four bits of RO and
displays it as a hexadecimal number on the LED digit indexed
by R I. Values of R 1 correspond to LED digits as follows. Uses
RO and RI .

. :3

5-2

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140020

UPDlSP

Display Octal Number on Upper LEOs
Takes the value in R2 and displays it as a six-digit octal number
on the upper row of LEOs. Uses RO and R I.

140024

LODISP

Display Octal Number on Lower LEOs
Takes the value in R2 and displays it as a six-digit octal number
on the lower row of LEOs. Uses RO and R I.

140030

DECDSP

Display Decimal Number
Takes the value in R 1 and displays it as a five-digit decimal
number on the row of LEOs indexed by R2. R2 = 12 for the
lower row, R2 = 13 for the upper row. Uses RO, R I, R2, and
R3.

140034

UPBLNK

Clear Upper Row
Blanks out the upper row of LEOs. Uses RO and R I.

140040

LOBLNK

Clear Lower Row
Blanks out the lower row of LEOs. Uses RO and R 1.

140044

GETKEY

Get Key Number
Turns on LEDs and waits for a keypress. When a keypress
occurs, takes the number of the key and stores it in R I. Keys are
numbered as follows.

BGGDG
BGDGD
8GDG[J

GBGDG
140050

BCDKEY

Convert Key ;\lumber to BCD
Takes the key number in R 1 and converts it to a BCD value for
the keys 0 through 9. Returns 12 for the CLR key and 13 for
the EXA key. Returns -I (i.e., 177777) for any other key.
Stores the result in R I.

5-3

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140054

GETNUM

Input Number From Keypad
Displays the value in R2 as a six-digit octal number on the lower
row of LEDs. Enables the user to modify the value of R2 using
keys 0 through 7 and CLR. Stores modified value in R2 when
the EXA key is pressed. Uses RO, R I, and R2.

5,3.1.1 Using the LEDs and Keypad - This paragraph contains some information you may find useful
when writing programs that use the LED, and keypad. This is intended as introductory material only. For
further detail, refer to the monitor listing in Appendix A and the DCTlI-EM schematics in Appendix B.
You can create your own characters to display on the LED digits. First, form bytes that represent the
segment patterns of the characters you wish to display as shown in Figure 5-1.

'/ /'

dp.

,
MfI-10348

Figure 5·1

LED Segment Assignments

For example, 0 II 10100 (or 164 octal) corresponds to the letter h and aI 00 IIII (or I 17 octal) corresponds
to the numeral 3.
Then, move the bytes containing the segment patterns to locations 7712 through 7725. Thcsc locations
(collectively called SEGBUFj are used by the LED interrupt service routine in the monitor to display
segment patterns on the LEDs. Each location (byte) corresponds to an LED digit as shown in Figure 5-2.

UPPER ROW
OF

77'25 7723 7721 7717 7715 7713

Lf:llS

LOWER ROW

7724 7722 7120 7716 7714 7717

LEOS

Figure 5-2

SEGBUF Assignments

For example, if you moved 164 (octal) to location 7721, 117 (octal) to location 7717, and a to all the other
SEGBUF locations. you would display h3 centered in the upper row of LEDs.
Finally, turn on the LEDs by writing 000007 to port C of the 8255A parallel port chip (address 177444).
Make sure your program keeps the LEDs on long enough for you to see them. One way of leaving the
LEDs on is to incorporate one or more delay loops in your program of the form:
CLR R5
SOB R5,.

5-4

The LED interrupt (INTA) is disabled (i.e., the LEOS arc turned off) by writing 0000 I 0 to port C of the
8255A chip. This also disables the user LED.
To turn on the user LED (which, incidentally, also disables the LED digits), write 000011 to port C of the
8255A chip.
Examples of displaying values on the LEOs are provided in Paragraph 5.3.1.2. You can also create your
own interrupt service routines to respond to keypresses. When a key is pressed, program control is
transfered to the routine pointed to by 7676. If 7676 is zero, keypresses are ignored. The number of the
key pressed is available to your routine through RI. See the description of the GETKEY subroutine in
Paragraph 5.3.1 for key numbers.
In order for a keypress to be sensed, the LEOs must be enabled. This can be done by writing 000007 to
location 177444 as explained above or by executing your program from the keypad with the "Go With
LEOs" special function (see Paragraph 3.12.2).
At the end of your keypress service routine, include the sequence:
MOY (SP)+,R2
MOY (SP)+,RI
MOY (SP)+,RO
RTI
to restore the state of your interrupted program. As an example, here is a program which loops on itself
and increments R3 each time a key is pressed. To check the operation of the program, start it at location
1000 and press keys. Press HALT and examine R3.

Address

Data

1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1500
1502
1504
1506
1510

012737
000007
177444
012737
001500
007676
000774
005203
012602
012601
012600
000002

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

MOY #7,@#177444

:enable keypad

MOY #1500,@#7676

;attach interrupt rouline

BR 1006
INC R3
MOY (SP)+,R2
MOY (SP)+,R I
MOY (SP)+,RO
RTI

;Ioop infinitely
:interrupt service routine

5.3.1.2 Using Keypad/LED Subroutines - Example Programs - The following examples show you how
to use keypad/LED subroutines.
Example 1 - Countdown Program This program decrements a number at a rate inversely proportional to
the number's size. The program bcgins by displaying the word "EntEr" on the upper row of LEOs. You
enter a number (which is displayed on the lower row of LEOs) and press the EXA key. The number is
displayed as it is decremented. The program initializes itself at the end to allow you to enter another
number.
There are undefined symbols in this program, so if you enter the symbolic version via the console terminal,
make sure you incorporate the PASSI and PASS2 commands as described in Paragraph 4.17.5.

5·5

Address

Data

1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014

012701
007713
012700
000006
116021
001063
005201

1016

077004

1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032
1034
1036
1040
1042
1044
1046
1050

004737
140054
005702
001774
012701
000003
004767
000012
077103
005302
004737
140024
000765

TEST:

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

SEGBUF = 7712
LODISP = 140024
GETNUM = 140054

;LED segment buffer
;octal number on lower LEDs
;input number from keypad

. = 1000

;position program at location
;1000

MOY #SEGBUF+I,RI

;point to rightmost
;digit of upper row of LEOs
;set digit count = six digits

MOY #6,RO
TEST!:

MOYB ENTER-I (RO),(R 1)+

TEST4:

TST R2
BEQ TEST2
MOY #3,RI

TEST3:

JSR PC,DELA Y

;transfer character to
;digit in upper row of LEDs
;advance pointer to next
;digit in upper row of LEDs
;Ioop to transfer all six
;characters
;input an octal number from
;the keypad
;reject zero as an input
;if zero, get a new number
;call delay routine three
;times
;wait a while

SOB RI,TEST3
DEC R2
JSR PC,@#LODISP

;decrement entered number
;display new value

BR TEST4

;see if we have zero yet

INC RI
SOB RO,TEST!
TEST2: JSR PC,@#GETNUM

;DELA Y loops a number of times inversely proportional to the size
;of R2. Thus there is a smaller delay when R2 is large.
1052
1054
1056
1060

012700
177777
160200
103376

1062

000207

DELAY, MOY #-I,RO

;set dividend

DELAY I: SUB R2,RO
BCC DELAY I

;divide by successive
;subtraction; keep
;subtracting until
;underflow occurs

RTS PC

; ENTER is a list of bytes corresponding to the segment patterns
; "EntEr".

1064
1066
1070

052171
074570
000120

ENTER: .BYTE 171,124,170,171,120,0

5-6

Example 2 - Clock Program
This program displays a minutes and seconds clock on the lower row of LEOs. The values for minutes and
seconds are obtained from a timer maintained by the monitor. You can use the INT switch to set minutes.
Note that the upper row of LEOs and the left-most digit of the lower row display the current contents of
the LED segment buffer for those digits.
All symbols referenced in this program are defined. The symbolic version of the program will run if
entered as follows. As an exercise, try to modify the program so that the upper row of LEOs and the leftmost digit of the lower row of LEOs are blank when the program is running.
Address

Data

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

PFVEC
= 24
= 7730
TIME
SEGBUF = 7712
MINUTS = 776
140030
OECOSP
P$PORC = 177444
SETIME = 1200

;INT switch vector
;upper six bits count seconds
;LEO segment buffer
;Iocation to hold minutes count
;display decimal number
;LEO/keypad I/O port on 8255A
;subroutine to set minutes

1000
1000
1002
1004
1006
1010
1012
1014
1016
1020
1022
1024
1026
1030
1032
1034
1036
1040
1042
1044
1046
1050
1052
1054
1056
1060
1062
1064
1066
1070
1072
1074

012706
006500
106427
000000
012737
001200
000024
005037
007730
005067
177750
112737
000007
177444
032737
001000
007730
001774
032737
001000
007730
001374
013701
007730
000301
006201
006201
042701
177700
001010
005267

;position program at lac. 1000

MOV #6500,SP

;initialize stack pointer

MTPS #0

;sct low priority

MOV #SETIME,@#PFVEC

;connect minute set
;routine to INT switch

CLR @#T1ME
CLR MINUTS

;clear seconds and second
;fractions
;clear minutes

MOVB #7,@#P$PORC

;turn on LEOS

LOOP:

BIT # I OOO,@#TIME

;wait for seconds to
;change

LOOP!:

BEQ LOOP
BIT #1000,@#TIME

CLOCK:

BNE LOOPI
SHOWIT: MOV @#TIME,RI
SWAB
ASR
ASR
BIC

RI
RI
RI
#1 77700,RI

BNE
INC

.+22
MINUTS

5-7

;show time
;get seconds
;mask out fractions of
;seconds
;not a new minute (BN E eLK I)
;else count minutes

Address

Data

1076
1100
1102
1104
1106
1110
1112
1114
1116
1120
1122
1124
1126
1130
1132
1134
1136
1140
1142
1144
1146
1150
1152
1154
1156
1160

177676
026727
177672
000074
103402
005067
177662
016702
177656
012700
000003
006302
010246
006302
006302
062602
077006
060201
012702
000010
004767
136656
112737
000100
007716
000725

CLKI:

LOOP2:

Symbolic
Representation

Comments

CMP

;overflow?

MINUTS,#60.

BLO
.+6
CLR MINUTS

;no (BLO CLKI)

MOV MINUTS,R2

;get minutes

MOY #3,RO

;shift minutes over three
;digits
;multiply R2 by 10 to shift
;one decimal digit to the left

ASL R2
MOY R2,-(SP)
ASL R2
ASL R2
ADD (SP)+,R2
SOB RI),LOOP2
ADD R2,RI
MOY #10,R2

;Ioop three times to make X 1000
;add minutes to seconds
;index lower display

JSR PC,@#DECDSP

;display time

MOVB #100,@#SEGBUF+4

;display dash between
;minutes and seconds

BR LOOP
= 1200

005037
007730
012706
006500
106427
000000
000717

1200
1202
1204
1206
1210
1212
1214

SETIME: CLR @#TIME

;reset seconds to increment
;minutes

MOY #6500,SP

;reinitialize stack

MTPS #0

;reinitialize priority

BR SHOWn

;display new time

As an exercise, try to modify the program so that the upper row of LEDs and the left-most digit of the
lower row of LEDs are blank when the program is running.
5.3.2

Console Subroutines

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140060

GETLIN

Get Input Line
Types an angle bracket and space (> ) as prompting characters
and awaits input from the console terminal. Echoes characters
as they are typed in. Stores these characters (up to 96 pcr line) in
a character buffer. Uses RO, R3.

5-8

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140070

GETCH

Get Character
Retrieves the character indexed by R3 from the character buffer. R3 must have a value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal).
Stores the character in the lower byte of RO and increments R3.
Lowercase characters are converted to uppercase. Sets the N
condition code bit if the character is a separator (space, tab,
feed). Sets the C condition code bit if the character has been
converted from lowercase to uppercase. Uses RO, R3.

140100

GETCHC

Get Character Preserve Case
1

Retrieves a character with its case intact from the character
buffer. Uses R3 as an index to the character. R3 must have a
value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal). Stores the character in
the lower byte of RO and increments R3. Uses RO, R3.
140104

GETNXT

Get Character, Ignore Separators
Retrieves the next character in the character buffer which is not
a separator (space, tab, feed). Uses R3 as a starting point index.
R3 must have a value from 0 to 137 octal (95 decimal). Stores
the character in the lower byte of RO and increments R3 in
accordance with the number of separators encountered. Lowercase characters are converted to uppercase. Sets the C condition
code bit if a character has been converted from lowercase to
uppercase. Uses RO, R3.

140120

CRLF

Type Carriage Return, Line Feed
Types a carriage return and line feed on the console.

140124

CHROUT

Type One or Two ASCII Characters
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and types it as an ASCII
character on the console. If the upper byte of RO has a nonzero
value, it is also typed as an ASCII character on the console. Uses
RO.

140134

CHR02

Send Byte to Auxiliary Port
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and sends it to the
auxiliary serial port. Uses RO.

140140

ASCOUT

Type One ASCII Character or String
Takes the value in the lower byte of RO and types it on the
console either as an ASCII character or as an ASCII string of
characters. ASCII strings that can be typed include <ESC>,
<SP>, <DEL>, and "A through"_ where the caret denotes a
control character. Uses RO.

140144

PRINTA

Type ASCII String
Takes a string of bytes starting at the location pointed to by RI
and types them on the console as ASCII characters until until a
byte whose value is zero is is encountered. Uses RO, R I.

5-9

Address

Mnemonic

Description

140160

TYPOCT

Type Octal Number
Types the value in R I on the console as a six-digit octal number
if in the INSTRU or WORD output formatting modes. Types
the lower byte of R I on the console as a three-digit octal number
if in BYTE mode. Uses RO, Rl.

140164

TYPDEC

Type Decimal Number
Types the value in R I on the console as a signed five-digit
decimal number followed by a period. Uses RO, R I.

5.3.2.1 Console Character Manipulation - The console subroutines just described provide most of the
functions YOll will require to manipulate characters via the console. If you require other fUllctions, refer to
the monitor listing in Appendix A.
Keep the following in mind when using the GETCH, GETCHC, and GETNXT subroutines.
When you use these subroutines, characters you input via the console terminal are stored in a 96-character
buffer maintained by the monitor called BUFFER. All three subroutines use R3 as a pointer to determine
which character within BUFFER is retrieved. Since BUFFER is 96 characters in length, R3 can have a
value from 0 through 137 (octal), inclusive. For your convenience, the subroutines automatically increment R3 to point to the next character to be retrieved.
5.3.2.2

Using Console Subroutines - Sample Program

,
; NIM for the TEM
,
; In this version of NIM, there are 21 sticks. The game requires 2
;players (the user and the TEM). The players take turns picking up
; I, 2, or 3 sticks. The object of the game is to leave I stick for
;the other player to pick up in the last turn. The algorithm used
;by the TEM ensures that it will win if it goes second, or if it goes
;first and the other player leaves it an opportunity to win.

: Operation of the game is explained by prompts. All responses by the
;user must be terminated with a carriage return. However, several
;responses may be typed together on a line, separated by commas, and
;will be taken as needed by upcoming prompts for input.
; There are undefined symbols in this program, so if you enter the
;sym bolic version via the console terminal, make sure you incorporate
;the PASSI and PASS2 commands as described in Paragraph 4.17.5.

5-10

;•••••••••• SYMBOL DEFINITIONS •••••••••••
CLEAR ;empty symbol table
MONITR = 140010 ;reentry point for monitor
G ETLIN = 140060 ;get a line from the console
GETNXT = 140104 ;get next significant character from BUFFER
CRLF
= 140120 ;send <CR>,<LF> to console
CHROUT = 140124 ;send a character to console
PRINT A = 140144 ;print an ASCII string
TYPDEC = 140 )64 ;type a decimal number on the console
CR
LF
SPACE
STICKS

= IS

12
= 40
= 21.

;<CR>
;<LF>
;space
;initial number of sticks

; •••••••••••• START OF PROGRAM ••••••••••••

, = 1000

NIM:

MOY #GREET,RI
JSR PC,@#PRINTA

;print greeting message on console
;show no sticks taken yet
;(number of sticks left = STICKS - R5)

NEWGAM:CLR R5
NEW):

CLR R3
MOY #MEORU,RI
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JSR PC,@#GETLIN
JSR PC,@#GETNXT
CMPB RO,#'M
BEQTEMGO
CMPB RO,#,Y
BEQ USERGO
CMPB RO,#'Q
BNE NEWI
JMP @#MONITR

;ask who plays first
;wait for response from console
;get first meaningful character
;m(e) means TEM goes first
;y(ou) means user goes first
;q(uit) means return to monitor
;If user has not entered a valid response,
;prompt for response again,

5-11

USERGO: MOY #LEFTI,RI
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
MOY #STlCKS,RI
SUB R5,RI
MOY Rl,R2
JSR PC,@#TYPDEC
MOY #LEFT2,R 1
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JSR PC,@#CRLF
USERl:
MOY #400*SPACE+'/,RO
JSR PC,@#CHROUT
SOB R2,USERI

USER2:
NEXT:

;prinl header for number of sticks left
;calculate number of sticks left
;save a copy of result
;type decimal value on the console
;finish message
;start a ncw line

;put in RO the character pair "/"
;type a "stick" on the screen
;Ioop to type the appropriate number
;of slicks
;get next character
;is it a comma?
;yes, get next move from line.

JSR PC,@#GETNXT
CMPB RO,#',
BEQ NEXT
MOY #HOWMNY,R 1
JSR PC.@#PRINTA
JSR PC,@#GETLIN
JSR PC,@#GETNXT

;ask how many slicks the user wants
;get a line
;get first/next meaningful character
;on line

CMPB RO,#'l
BlO USER2

;illegal response, throwaway line and
;try again

CMPB RO,#,3
BHl USER2
SUB #,O,RO
ADD RO,R5
CMP R5,#STlCKS-1
BlO TEMGO
BHIUSER4
MOY #IlOSE,R 1
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JMP NEWGAM
USER4:

TEMGO:

;illegal response
;convert digit in RO into a number
;add to sticks already taken away
;is only 1 stick left?
;no, it's TEM's turn
;user took too many sticks
;announce the loss
;ask a bOUl another game

MOY #GOOFED,R I
1SR PC,@#PRINTA
1MP NEWGAM

;tell the idiot that he goofed up
;and ask about another game

MOY #MYMOYE,R 1
JSR PC,@#PRINTA

;type beginning of TEM's move on
;console
;get number of sticks taken so far
;implemcnl algoritm to select mOve:
;if R5 MOD 4 ~ 0, take 2 sticks
; R5 MOD 4 ~ I, take 3 sticks
; R5 MOD 4 ~ 2, take 2 sticks

MOY R5,RI
NEG Rl
BIC #l77774,Rl
BNE TEMI
MOY #2,RI

5-12

TEMl:

ADD RI,R5
JSR PC,@#TYPDEC
MOY #MYMOYl,RI
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
CMP R5,#STICKS-l
BLO USERGO
MOY #IWIN,Rl
JSR PC,@#PRINTA
JMP NEWGAM

; R5 MOD 4 = 3, take I stick
;show how many sticks TEM is taking
;finish message
;is there only 1 stick left?
;no. it's the user's turn

;announce the victory
;and ask about a new game

GREET:

.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /NIM for the TEM/
.BYTE CR,LF,O
MEORU: .BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /Who goes first" Me (M) or you (Yp (Q to quit)/
.BYTE 0
LEFT I :
.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /There are /
.BYTE 0
LEFT2:
.ASCII / sticks lef!./
.BYTE 0
HOWMNY:.BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /How many sticks will you take? (1,2, or 3)/
.BYTE 0
MYMOYE: .BYTE CR,LF
.ASCII /1 take /
.BYTE 0
MYMOYI: .ASCII / stick(s)./
.BYTE 0
ILOSE:
.BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /You win!!! I demand a rematch!!
.BYTE 0
IWIN:
.BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /1 win .. ! Want to try again?/
.BYTE 0
GOOFED: .BYTE CR,LF,LF
.ASCII /You goofed up' Can you get it right this time? /
.BYTE 0
5.4 DeTIt-EM ADDRESS SPACE
OCT I I-EM address space is organized as shown in Figure 5-3. Functionally, the address space consists of:
standard RAM space, expansion RAM space. monitor space, I/O space, space available for external
hardware, and reserved space.

5-13

177777

AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

177600
177577

1;0 SPACE

177400
177377
AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

167377
160000
157777

MONITOR

120000
117777

100000
77777
AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

USER RAM (OPTIONAL!

20000
17777

10000 ~~~~LLLLLL~~LLLLLLLLLLLL~
7777
7400
7377
7320
7317

KEYPAD MONITOR SCRATCHPAQ
CONSOLE MONITOR SCRATCHPAD

6500
6477

SYMBOL TABLE

USER RAM

144
143

MR lDJr,O

Figure 5-3

DCTII-EM Memory Map

5-14

5.4.1 Standard RAM Space
Addresses 000000 through 007777 are allocated to the RAM that comes standard with the OCTII -EM,
This RAM space is utilized as follows,
Addresses

Use

000000-000143

Interrupt and Other Vectors, Contains vectors that point to
service routines for various interrupt. trace, and trap conditions,
See Chapter 6 for specific vector addresses,

000144-006477

User RAM Space, Space available for user programs,

006500-007317

Symbol Table (Console Monitor Only), Can contain up to 66
user defined symbols,

007320-007377

Console Monitor Scratchpad, Area for use by the console
monitor.

007400-007777

Keypad Monitor Scratch pad, Area for use by the keypad monitor and console monitor,

If you are using only the keypad, thc symbol table and console monitor scratch pad areas arc available to
you as user RAM,
The monitor ordinarily protects certain areas of RAM from direct alteration, If you are using the keypad
only. the keypad monitor scratch pad is the only area of protected RAM, If you are using a console
terminal, however, the symbol table, console monitor scratchpad, and keypad monitor scratch pad are all
protected, You can remove protection by activating special function 4 from the keypad (see Paragraph
lI2,5),
-";ote that "protection" refers only to protection from direct aiteration, such as examining a location from
the keypad or console and then trying to change the location, An executing program can violate any RAM
location, To avoid unpredictable results, therefore, make certain your programs do not inadvertantly write
data into areas not available as user RAM,
5.4.2 Expansion RAM Space
If you insert two 2 K X 8 RAMs into the expansion sockets (sec Paragraph 5,3), another portion of user
RAM space at locations 020000 through 027777 becomes available to you,
5.4.3 Monitor Space
The monitor space is the space occupied by the keypad and console monitors which reside in two 8 K X 8
PROMs at locations 120000 through 157777,

5.4.4 I/O Space
Locations 177400 through 177577 are designated as space for the OCTII-EM's I/O chips, The 8255A
parallel port, the 8251 A auxiliary serial line. and the DC319 OLART console serial line all use this space,
The I/O space consists of locations that can be written only and locations that can be written or read,
Figure 5-4 provides a detailed breakdown of how the I/O space is used,

5-15

177577
177566
177564
177562
177560

DLART TRANSMITTER DATA BUFFER
DLART TRANSMITTER COMMAND/STATUS REG
DLART RECEIVER DATA BUFFER

177552
177550

8251 STATUS REGISTER
8251 RECEIVER DATA BUFFER

177544
177542

8255 PORT C IINPUT FROM UPPER 4 BITS)
8255 PORT B 18-BIT INPUT]

DLART RECEIVER COMMAND/STATUS REG

READ/WRITE
I/O SPACE

177500
177477

177452
177450
177446
177444
177442
177440

8251 CONTROL REGISTER
8251 TRANSMIT DATA BUFFER
8255 COMMAND REGISTER
8255 PORT C 10UTPUT TO LOWER 4 BITS)
8255 PORT B (8-BIT OUTPUT]
8255 PORT A (8-BIT OUTPUT)

WRITE ONLY
I/O SPACE

177400
MA 103~1

Figure 5-4

Map of I/O Space

5.4.5 Space Available For External Hardware
The foJlowing space is available to you for any expansion hardware you may wish to design:
040000-077777
160000-167377

167600-177377
177600-177777

An example of a piece of external hardware that could use this space is a RAM board which responds to
addresses 040000 through 057777. Further information on hardware expansion is provided in Chapter 6.

5.4.6 Reserved Space
The shaded space in Figure 5-3 is reserved and unavailable for use. The addresses affected are:
010000-017777
030000-037777

100000-117777
167400-167577

5-16

CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE

6.1 INTRODUCTION
The DCTII-EM hardware is organized as shown in Figure 6-1. In general, the hardware consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The DCT II-AA microprocessor
RAM
Monitor EPROM
Peripheral chips and drivers
An internal data bus buffer
User buffers
Microprocessor control signal decoding logic
Address latching and range decoding logic
Peripheral chip address decoding logic
Interrupt logic
Timing logic
Miscellaneous control logic
Keypad/LEOs and supporting logic
The HALT and INT push-button switches
Connectors

The paragraphs that follow provide information on each of these. Refer to the DCT II-EM schematics in
Appendix B for further details.
Paragraph 6.17 contains a design for an expansion memory board you can build.

6-1

INT2

ECAS)--'
CONTROL
SIGNALS

TCLK-"
\~ICROPROrESS()R

RDY--

INn
INTF
INTA
INT7

CONTROL LIN~S
MICROPROCESSOR

kVJL

HALT

E:DMG

PF
--.

IN16

EAI<~

STATE
DRIVER

INTB

OMR

DAl<1500>

==:>

USER
CONTROL BUS

TRI·
STATE
DRIVER
iUSER
BUFFERI

ECAS

ARD' 7, ARD03, ARDO)

BUFFER

,I I

L ___________________________________

~~;~N

HBOIR _ _

--y

lBOIR -------to

L-

I:lKX8
PROM
: LOWER BYTE,

t== h

0\
I

s~
1::\/vRH-,AROOO

6116P-2

!UPPER BYTEI

6116P2
2K X 8

EVVRL

-.-+-

BYTE!

,.....,....-

~
o

EVALUATOR

OPTIONAL
2K X 8

""'

c:J

HALT

LPF

ROY

KCW

82S5A
PORT

"'""'"

HUH

LCLK -----.

BC!.R ______

OC319

DLART
CONSOLE
SERIAL
LINE

~ ;'~

INT2
INTF

RAM
BYTE!

L<A:G>, lOP
52
SOCKET
OPTIONAL
2K X 8

RAM

L-

PC3--.

8251 A
AUXILIARY
SERIAL

D8<07:00>

iLOWER BYTE'I

• V

CHIP
DECODER
LOGIC

CONTROL~

L..1..-..INT6
1NT7

r-r--

SIGNALS
v

LINE

TCLK2~,-----tI

PERIPHERAL

I--

AUXILA.RY
CONNECTOR
IJ3<

I
6
R ...,......

---v
3

; --,.....

MISCEllANEOUS
CONTROL
LOGIC

riMING
lOGIC

DlSO, DLSI

Figure 6-1

DCTlI-EM System Block Diagram

E5EL
ROY
INTA
ERo

CONSOLE

ECA52

SALI,,~L8DIR

ElA
DRIVERS

BRCLK
DLA.RT
PP1

CON mOL

DLART-

EDBIN~

::;;C:"" ~-I

08<15'00>

SAL<02'01>~

51
SOCKET

I UPPER

'lV

'fV

EDBIN--------e
ESEL-----+lL.._ _ _----'

EVVLB-----'

AD< 15'00>' ' \

AD<15.00>

08<0700>

RAM
I LOWER

k::=
k::= ~ tJJ
08<15.08>

RAM

USER
OATA BUS
BUFFER

DALEN -----tI,L-_ _ _-"

[RD

CONNECTOR
IJ1'

'CLK

T~LK ) H
DCLK

6.2 DCTI I-AA MICROPROCESSOR
The DCTII-AA microprocessor is the heart of the system. A detailed discussion of the operation and
architecture of the DCTII-AA is beyond the scope of this book. Refer to the DCTlI-AA User's Guide
(EK-DCTII-UG) for this information.
At power-up or when a RESET instruction is executed, the DCTII-AA mode register bits are set to the
following states and cannot be changed.
Mode
Register Bits

State

Mode

<15:13>

000

Start address ~ 140000
Restart address ~ 140004

12
II

User

9
8

16-bit bus
4 K/16 K memory

o
o

Dynamic memory
Normal read/write
Standard microcycle

COUT ~ processor clock

This mode configuration has the following implications:
•

Bit < II > ~ I - This allows you to usc either 8-bit or 16-bit data paths in your expansion
circuitry designs. If 8 bits, simply use the lower 8 bits of the 16-bit bus.

•

Bits < I0:09> ~ 10 - This allows you to use inexpensive 16 K dynamic RAMs for off-board
memory expansion (see Paragraph 6.17).

•

Bit <8> ~ 0 - This allows you to design expansion hardware with devices that respond to either
normal or delayed read/write controls. If you use devices that respond to delayed read/write
controls, include delay circuitry in your design.

NOTE
Do not use a RESET instruction in your program
unless your program reconfigures (i.e., reinitializes)
your peripheral chips. RESET causes the DenlAA to assert - BCLR which resets the peripheral
chips.

6.3

RAM
There are two 2 K X 8 CMOS static RAM chips in the basic DCTlI-EM which provide 4 K bytes of
memory space. These RAMs respond to addresses 000000 through 007777. Even numbered or low bytes
reside in one RAM, and odd numbered or high bytes reside in the other.

There are two expansion sockets on the board which can accommodate two additional 2 K X 8 static
RAMs. The RAMs in these sockets respond to addresses 020000 through 027777. One RAM stores low
bytes and the other stores high bytes.
6-3

Although the OCT II-AA generates refresh cycles as a result of being set to dynamic memory mode, this
is for the benefit of off-board expansion with dynamic RAMs. The on-board static RAMs ignore the
refresh cycles.

6.4 MONITOR EPROM
The OCT II·EM monitor is contained in two 8 K X 8 EPROM chips. The EPROMs respond to addresses
120000 through 157777.
Note that accesses to memory locations above 100000 cause a single cycle slip. This is not only for the
benefit of the monitor EPROMs, but also for the peripheral chips and any slow expansion hardware which
may be attached. Cycle slips are disabled if the jumper is installed (see Paragraph 2.5), If you install the
jumper, make sure you also decrease the microprocessor's 7.5 MHz clock frequency to a value between 3
MHz and 6 MHz by changing the crystal.

6.5 PERIPHERAL CHIPS AND DRIVERS
The peripheral chips are the 8255A parallel port, the DC319·AA DLART console serial line, and the
8251 A auxiliary serial line. The DLART and the 8251A have EIA drivers associated with them so that
they can communicate with RS232·C devices. The locations reserved for use by the peripheral chips are
listed in Table 6·1.
Table 6-1

Resened I/O Locations for Peripheral Chips

Location
Number

Location
Type

177566
177564
177562
177560
177552
177550
177544
177542
177452
177450
177446
177444
177442
177440

Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
Read/write

Read/write
Write only

Write only
Write only
Write only
Write only
Write only

Use
DLAR T transmitter data buffer
DLART transmitter command/status register
DLART receiver data buffer

DLART receiver command/status register
8251A status register
8251 A receiver data buffer
8255A port C (input from upper 4 bits)
8255A port B (8-bit input)
8251 A control register
8251 A transmit data buffer
8255A command register
8255A port C (output to lower 4 bits)
8255A port B (8-bit output)
8255A port A (8-bit output)

6.5.1 Parallel Port (8255A)
The 8255A parallel port chip has two 8·bit ports and two 4·bit ports, all independently controllable. Port A
(8 bits) is dedicated to supplying LED segment data to the LED segment drivers. Port A is configured as
output only. Port B (8 bits) is initially configured as an input port and is available to your expansion
hardware via the 60-pin connector. You can configure port B as either an input port or an output port. Port
C is really two independent 4·bit ports. The upper four bits of port C are dedicated to sensing keypresses
and are configured as input only. The lower four bits of port C are dedicated to turning on the LEOs and
enabling the keypad. These lower four bits are configured as output only.
For detailed information on programming the 8255A, refer to the Intel Component Data Catalog (availa·
ble from Intel Corp., 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051). The order number is 210298·001.

6·4

6.5.2 DLART Console Serial Line
The DLART (DC319-AA) is an asynchronous receiver/transmitter which the DCTII-EM uses to communicate with a console terminal.
The DLART can generate receiver, transmitter, and break detection interrupt requests. See Paragraph
6.11 for more information on interrupts.
The 800 Hz clock output of the DLART is used to generate the INTA interrupt request which causes the
LEOs and keypad to be activated. Again, see Paragraph 6.11.
Detailed information on programming the DLART is contained in the DLART Data Sheet (ED-23181).
6.5.3 Auxiliary Serial Line (8251A)
The 8251 A auxiliary serial line chip is a universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter
(USART) which the DCTII-EM uses for general purpose asynchronous serial communications. Typically.
the auxiliary serial line is used for communicating with a host computer.
The auxiliary serial line features modem control. The Data Carrier Detect and the SYNDET functions of
the 8251A, however, are not used in the DCTII-EM.
For detailed information on programming the 8251A, refer to the Intel Component Data Catalog (available from Intel Corp., 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051). The order number is 210298-001.
6.6 INTERNAL DATA BUS BUFFER
The internal data bus buffer is not accessible to you directly but is the buffer through which most of the
data in the DCTII-EM passes. It buffers DAL<15:00>, the microprocessor's primary data bus.
6.7 USER BUFFERS
The DCTII-EM has three user buffers. One buffer provides access to DAL<15:00>, the main internal
data bus. Another buffer provides access to AI<7:0>, the microprocessor's address interrupt lines. The
third buffer provides access to various DCTII-EM control signals. These buffers arc directly accessible
through the 60-pin connector. See Paragraph 6.16 for the names of the specific buffered signals available.
6.8 PROCESSOR CYCLE DECODING
There is some decoding logic that takes microprocessor control signals and combines them to direct the
operation of various chips within the DCTII-EM. Some of these decoded signals are available to you
through one of the user buffers. See Paragraph 6.16 for the names of these buffered control signals.
6.9 ADDRESS LATCHING AND RANGE DECODING
Memory addresses are latched from DAL< 15:00> when the microprocessor asserts ERAS L. As shown in
Figure 6-1, the upper three bits of the latched address are converted (decoded) to signals which enable
pairs of on-board ROMs or RAMs.

6-5

Decoded address range signals are also available to your expansion hardware via the 60-pin connector.
These signals are ARD02 L, ARD03 L, and ARDI7 L. Figure 6-2 illustrates the address ranges to which
these signals correspond.
177777 , - - - - - - - - - - ,
110 SPACE AND
SPACE AVAILABLE
TO EXTERNAL
HARDWARE

}

ARD 17

}

ARDIX

160000 1-----------1
157777

MONITOR

EPROM

120000 b770=777770=77777777'71

117777

NO CHIP ENABLE
SIGNAL AVAILABLE
}

}AROO3

}AROO2

}AROOl

}AROOO
'-'Fe 1DJ53

Figure 6-2

Address Range Decoding

6.10 PERIPHERAL CHIP ADDRESS DECODING
The peripheral chip decoding logic is similar in function to the address range decoding logic (see Paragraph
6.9). The difference is that this logic generates peripheral chip enable signals instead of memory chip
enable signals. Peripheral chips are enabled according to the addressing scheme shown in Paragraph 6.5.
The peripheral chip decoding signals are internal to the DCTll-EM and are unavailable for expansion
hardware.

6.11

INTERRUPTS AND TRAPS

Interrupt vectors are located as shown in Table 6-2.
Interrupts are encoded and sent to the DCTII-AA for handling. The DCTII-AA also handles DMA
requests and external vector requests via the interrupt logic.
Some of the interrupt vectors above point to a "null" service routine. That is, they simply point to an RTI
instruction. These include the power-fail, DLART transmitter, external, and 8251 A transmitter interrupts.
If you do not write your own service routines and change the interrupt vectors accordingly, these interrupts
will have no effect.

6-6

Table 6-2

Interrupt Vector Locations

Interrupt
Vector
Priority

Address

000024
000060
000064
000100
000104
000120

4
6

000124

000140

Type of Interrupt

HALT switch and HALT instruction
Nonmaskable power fail interrupt (caused by pressing JNT switch)
DLART ,oceiver (I"IT3)
DLART transmitter (INT2)
External interrupt ((NTB)
Keypad/LED scanning (I ~TA)
8251 A receiver (1"11'7)
8251A transmille, (INT6)
OLART receive, b,oak (lNTF)

Other vectors include the following.
Vector Address

Description

000010
000014

Illegal instruction trap
Breakpoint and trace service

6.12 TIMING
Fundamental timing signals are generated by:
I.
2.

A 7.5 MHz crystal oscillator which drives the OCT II-AA microprocessor
A 614.4 KHz clock which drives the DLART.

The 7.5 MHz signal is also divided down to 1.875 MHz to drivc the 8251 A auxiliary serial line. These
signals are unavailable for external use.

6.13 MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL LOGIC
There are pieces of logic spread throughout the OCT II-EM that generate miscellaneous control signals.
The only signal that the miscellaneous control logic makes available to you is the signal ROY L, which,
when asserted, causes a single cycle slip. Note that the installation of the jumper disables the on-board
generation of ROY L.
6_14 KEYPAD/LEDS
The keypad/LEOs combination communicates with the rest of the DCTII-EM through the 8255A
parallel port peripheral chip (sec Paragraph 6.5.1). Note that the lower four bits of port C arc decoded and
are used to drivc the LED anodes and keypad simultaneously. These lines are asserted sequentially in
response to the INT A interrupt request.
6.15 HALT AND INT SWITCHES
The opera ton of the HALT and INT switches is explained in Paragraphs 3.9 and 3.10, respectively. To
summarize, pressing the HALT switch asserts the HALT signal which restarts the keypad monitor and
unconditionally stops whatever operation was in progress. Pressing the INT switch asserts the PF signal
which causes a power-fail interrupt. Power-fail interrupts have no effect unless you write a service routine
(vectored by location 24) to handle the interrupts.
Both HALT and PF are available to you via the 60-pin expansion connector.

6-7

6.16 CONNECTORS
There are four male connectors on the DCTll-EM as follows.

Connector
Jl

Number
of Pins

60
4

13
J4

25
25

Function
Connector for expansion hardware
Power supply connector
A uxiliary serial line
Console serial line

J I, 13, and J4 are all standard size connectors. 12 is the connector you assembled when you installed the
DCTll-EM.
The pin assignments of these connectors are listed in Table 6-3.
Table 6-3

DCTIl-EM Connector Pin Assignments

60-Pin Connector for Expansion Hardware (JI) (see Figure 6-3)
Pin
Number

Signal

Name

Description

I
2

ADOO H
ADOI H
AD02 H
AD03 H
AD04 H
AD05 H
AD06 H
AD07 H
ADM H
AD09 H
ADIO H
ADII H
ADI2 H
ADI3 H
ADI4 H
ADI5 H
AIO H
All H
AI2 H
AI3 H
AI4 H
AI5 H
AI6 H
AI7 H
GND
RESET L

AD<15:00> is the buffered version of DAL<15:00>, the bidirectional multiplexed data/address lines of the DCTlI-AA.

3
4
5
6
7

8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
J8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

PBO H
PBI H
PB2 H
PB) H
PB4 H
PB5 H
PB6 H
PB7 H
HALT L

Al<7:0> is the buffered version of the DCTII-AA's Al<7:0> address interrupt
lines. Output only. During DMA transactions, these lines are set to the high
impedance state.

Buffered control signal. Output only. Corresponds to the DCTII-AA's -BCLR
signal.
PB<7:0> arc the bidirectjon~1 port B lines of the 8255A parallel port chip.

Asserted when HALT switch is pressed. Open collector.

6-8

Table 6-3

Dent-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

60-Pin Connector for Expa.nsion Hardware (J 1) (see Figure 6-3)
Pin
Number

Signal

Name

Description

PF L

Asserted when INT switch is pressed. Open collector.

DMR L

External DMA request line. Input only.

tNTB L

External interrupt request line. Input only.

VEC L

External vector request line. Input only.

PI H

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to the DCT11-AA's PI signal. Output only.

41
42

GND
ARD02 H

Decoding signal ror the address range 040000~057777. Output only.

ARD03 H

Decoding signal for the address range 060000-077777. Output only.

ARDI7 L

Decoding signal ror the address range 160000~177777. Output only.

lACK L

Buffered control signal. Interrupt acknowledge. Output only.

DMG L

Buffered control signal. DMA acknowledge. Output only.

SELl H

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTII-AA's SELl signal. Output only.

48
49

SELO H
WLB L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTII-AA's SElO signal. Output only.
Buffered control signal. Correspcnds to DCT1 I-AA·s R/-WlB signal. Set to
high impedance state during DMA. Input or output.

WHB L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTII-AA's R/-WHB signal. Set to
high impedance state during DMA. Input or output.

51
52

GND
RAS L

53
54

GND
CAS L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCTII-AA's -CAS signal. Output only.

55
56

GND
DBIN L

Buffered control signal. Read enable line. Output only.

57
58

GND
COUT H

59
60

GND
RDY L

Buffered control signal. Corresponds to DCT! l-AA's -RAS signal. Output
only.

Buffered control signal. Correspcnds to DCTII-AA's COUT signal. Output
only.
Causes single cycle slip when asserted. Open collector.

6-9

T.ble 6-3

DCfll-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

Power Supply Connector (J2)

Number
I
2
3
4

Signal
Name
+12VDC
+5VDC
GND
-12VDC

Description
Power signal
Power signal
Power signal

Auxiliary Serial Line Connector (J3)

Pin
Number
I

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Signal
Name

FGND

22
23
24
25

Frame ground

pcso

Serial da ta Oll t

PCSI
PRTS

Serial data in
Request to send
Clear 10 send
Data set ready
Signal ground
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

PCTS
PDSR
GND

10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
I~
19

Description

Not used
Nol used
Not used

Not used

PDTR

Not used
Not used
Not used
Data terminal ready
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

6-10

Table 6-3

DCnt-EM Connector Pin Assignments (Cont)

Console Serial Line Connector (J4)

Pin
Number

Signal

Name

Description

FGND
DLSO
DLSI
RTS

5
6
7

GND

Ffame ground
Serial data out
Serial data in
Request to send (always ON)
Not used
Not used
Signal ground
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Nat used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Data terminal ready (always OJ\)
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used

2
3

9
\0

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

DTR

20
21

23
24
25

59
0

z
a

:;;

" §

41
0

n
r

37
0

<
>
r

v
~

•

z
0

,
0

•

Ii
I

>
>

, z

• ~•

v
~

~
I

>
w

Figure 6-3

~
~

•• •" • • 9•• 9> • 8•> 8•> ~• §• •8a

C
I

• • > 8> •§ 8• §• 8>
~

" 20 " " " " "

60-Pin Connector Pin Assignments

2/
PC BOARD
.., 'Ol',~

6.17 HARDWARE EXPANSION - EXAMPLE
If you plan to develop and run large programs, one of the first expansion hardware circuits you may want
to build is a memory module. Figure 6-4 shows a design for a 16 KB module.

The module responds to addresses 040000 through 077777. The address range decoding signals, ARD02
Hand ARD03 H, are used to enable the module.
Note that the signal names on connector J 1 of the memory module are in the opposite order as those
shown on connector JI of the DCTII-EM. This scheme eliminates the need to twist the interconnecting
cable.

6-11

16K x 1
2118
AI7 H
AI6 H
AI5 H
AI4 H

13
10
11

AI3 H

74LS244

DOUT

A5
14

1i17

E1
AI1 H

WHBL---':""OE18~

RAS
15

AD 15 H

RAS L
74 LSOO

2-..J

i'dJ 14 H

11
13

AI2 H

1 Yl

1 A2

1 Y2

CAS

18
16
14

1 Y3

1 A3

A3
A2

lAl

AD 15 H
AD 14 H
AI) 13 H

1 A4

1 Y4

2Al

2Yl

AD 11 H

2A7

2Y2

AD 10 H

2A3

2Y3

AD 9 H

2A4

2Y4

AD 8 H

AD 12 H

:N
DBIN L

16K x 1
2118
AI7 H
AI6 H
AI5 H
AI4 H

AD101"~

0\
I

E16

13
10
11

74LS244
14

lAl

1 Yl

lA2

1 Y2

1 A3

1 Y3

1 A4

lY4

AI3 H

AI2 H

AI1 H

DOUT

ARD 2 L

AD 2 H

2A4

2Y4

AD 0 H

DBINL~

WLB L

AD 4 H

AD 1 H

ARD 3 I

2Y2

E6
14

AD 5 H

2Y3

2Yl

DIN

AD 6 H

2A2

W
LAS L------{)I _ _ ""'\ __ j

AD 7 H

2A3

CAS

~,.
13

RAS

AD 3 H

AD 15 H
AD 14 H
AD 13 H
AD 12 H
AD 11 H

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

AD 10 H
AD 9 H
AD 8 H
AD I H
AD 6 H

53
54

AD 5 H
AD 4 H
AD 3 H

55
56
57

AD 2 H

AD 1 H
AD 0 H
AI7 H
AI 6 H
AI 5 H

AI 4 H
AI 3 H
AI 2 H
All H
PI H
ARD 2 L
ARD 3 L
WLB L
WHB L
HAS L
CAS L

NOTE. CONNECT A 047 fJ-F CAPACITOR BETWEEN +5 V AND GROUND FOR EACH IC

DBIN L
E20
8
-+5V
E22

Figure 6-4

16 KB Memory Module

r:=t; I~~
Jl

APPENDIX A

MONITOR LISTING
T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor MACRO V05.00
Table of contents

11-

4
2
3
2

15-

17-

2
2
2

35-

20-

27323435363739-

44~5-

48~9-

5157-

5859-

Sunda~

13-l'tar-83 04:10

Defini lions

Scratch?ad locations in hi::lh RAM
Console Serial Line Support Routines
General I/O Support Routines
Host Line SUPF-ort Routines
110 Initiali:aliclri .!rid LED Driver

LED DisPla:l Support Routines
Error Condit.ion and StarliJP Entr':l Code

2
2

Eotrs Points

2
2

Key COlllland Routirles

Console Monitor

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Parsing Routines
Directive and \'erb Handlin;! PDuhrli?s
S1Jlbol and label HandliM ROIJtinE':Arithaetic Routines
Instruction Encode/Decude ROIJtine::.
Conversion and T':Ipeout. Routines
Power-up Diagnostics
Special Dah Structures
Spare locations, Check.'3uII" and ROI'l I.D,

Ke':lpad l1onit.ol'
Special Ke'::Spad Monitor F!Joct.ioll'3

A-I

T-11 Evaluation ModulE! Monitor MACRO V05,QO SlJnd.;':l !3-/1u-S3 04:10 PasE' 1

2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23

1-11

E','AL~A::OII

NODULE HOmeR

Version 1.0

COPYRIGHT eCI 1?32 BY
OIGlTAL fOOlP~£NT CORrORArJa,v, MAYNARD, ~A5S.
; THIS SOfTIlAAE IS fURNISliED UIIDER A LICENSE AND HAY BE USE!' AliD ':CPlEf'
; OlU IN ACCOR!lAHCE WITH THE TERMS Of SUCH LICEIISE AND WITH TH,
; IHCLUSI~ OF THE AIIOVE COPYRI5HT NOTICE. THIS SOfTWARE OR AllY OTHER
; COI'IES THEREOF IIA! NOT BE PROVIDED OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO AllY
; OTl£R P!:R~, NO TITLE TO ANP OWIIERSHIP OF THE SOfTWARE IS HERHY
; TRANSfERRED,
; TIE IIF_TION IN THIS SOFTWARE IS SU8Jm TO CHAlIGE WITHOUT NOTICE
; IIHD SI«lIJl.D HOT 8£ CONSTRUED AS A COHmHENT BY DIGITAL EDUIPHEIH
; CORPalATION,
; DIGITAl ASSUKES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE USE OR RELIABILITY OF ITS
; SOFTWARE ON EOUIPHENT WHICH IS NOT SUPPLIED BY DIGITAl,

A-2

T·11 Evaluation Hodule Konitor MACRO VOS. 00 Surod .. 13-lIar-83 041\0 F'ag:e 2
I
2
3
4
5
I>
7
8
9
10
11
12
\3

.TITLE T-II E,a1uation ~odul. "onltor
.IDENT 100.0011
.S8TTL D.finitions
0%0
oIl
012
0%3
014
oIS
oIl>
017

;RE'sisters

==0204

00060
00064
00120
00124
==100
==104
==140

;power fail vector, called b~ INT button
,DlART receiver interrupt vector
;OlART trans5litter interrupt ·...eoctor
;8251 receiver interrupt vector
;8251 translitter irlterruF-t vector
;unCOllitted interrupt v~ctor
;lEn displa~ interrupt vector
;OlART brea~_ interrupt vector

P$PORA
"'PORI
PIPORD
PIPDRC
PIPIlRD
PICREG

==177440
==177542
==177442
==177444
==177544
==177441>

;8255 port A (write onl~)
;port B (read onl~) available to user
;F-ort B (write orll~) available to user
;port C (write orlly) controls bits 3-~
;port C (read onl~) reads bits 7-4
;8255 Calland register (write on1':))

177550
177450
177552
177452

AIRBUF
AIXBUF
AISREG
AICR£G

==177550
==177450
==177552
==177452

;8251 receiver data buffer (reao onl~)
;8251 translitter d<!:ta blJffer twrite Ofil!:1l
;8251 status resister (reao onl~)
;8251 cOlland register (write Oflly)

177560
177562
177564
177561>

CIRCSR ==177560
CIR8UF ==177562
CIXCSR ==1775M
ClXooF ~=177566

iDlART receiver co~.and/status resiste~
iDlART receiver data butfer
iDlART trarrslitter cOlund/status resister
iDlART translitter data buffer

000000
000001
000002
000003
000004
000005
000006
000007

Rl
R2
R3
R4
RS
SP
PC

000024
00001>0
000064
000120
000124
000100
000104
OOOHO

PFVEC
COHIN
CDNOtJT
AUXIN
AUXOUT
USER IV
LEDIV
COH8R1(

177140
177542
177442
177444
177544
177446

IS
11>
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

A-3

1-11 EYaluation "adult ~onitDr MACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Ho,-83 04:10 PaSi! 3
Definitions
I

2
3
4 000000
5
6
006500
7
a
007320
9
10
006500

.SBTTl 5cratchpad locatlons in hish RAM
.ASECT
SCRPDl

TBlTOP --

IUR

SCRPDlt620

;bottol of default console lonitor scratcl'.
idefault s~lbol table--66. s~lbol capacit~
ao,. of sVlbol table, 2 words of nale scratch

6500

HBlTOP-(66.W

6500

;7000

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
32
33
34
35
3.
37

;console lanitor fiaS bvte pairs~-lUst start at even address

007324
007325
000001
000004
000010
000020

lINfl6 ==
lASLIN -F.SST!
F.lUl
F.SAVX
F.COM

TBlTOPH
llNFl6t1
=001
=004
=010
=020

related to parsins of whole lines
;sayed flass trol previous line
;line contained STEP CDaland
;1ioe is (functional1~) elPts
iwe have siyed eX?f for double para. coalands
;we are in a COilent, iSnore characters

007326
007327
000001
000002
000004
000010

CURCOH -lASCOH ;;::;
F.HHEH
F.VIIlU
F.UNDF
F.USRD

lASLIN+1
CURCOHtI
=001
=002
=004
=010

;current Calland flass
;sayed flB.!!S trol previous cOllland
;was an instruction In910nic
ian undefined sVlbol or directive
;expression doesn't contain undllfined s~lbols
iwas a user defined sVlbol or label

007330
007331
000002
004000
000100

TItPHOD -PERHOD -f •AIlS
F.VT
F.INST

lASCOHII
THPHOD!!
=002
=(400.010>
=100

F.BYTH =200

icurrent output lode flass
;perlanent output lode fla~s
;ibsolute values, not s~lboIic Qutput
;yt .ode on or off
'instruction output
;if neither ASCII nor instruction, then nUleric
ib!:lte .ode

000200
007332

EXPflG

PERHODtI

icurrent expression flass

007333

lEVEl

EXPFlGtI

;parenthesis level in expression

lS
39

;fla~s

A-4

T-II Evaluation Hodul. Honitor HACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa;. 4
Scratch,ad location, in hi;h RAH
1

2
3
4

'Dther variables:
007334

ADVAIIR ;;

LEVEL+!

idue to the varied uses of this location, a

5
;coIPlete list is in order:
iDOCR: When dlJll",in!l locations in response to a <CR>, the next address

atter that which has been dUIPed is saved in case the next

B
9

cOUiind line reQuests another dUll"',

10
11
12

il.BYTE. I.WORD. GETIHS. ,ubroutin., of GETINS:
Thlsf routines use ADVADR as a rurlflin9 COf!::l of the clJrrent
address. The current address! as stored in UlADDI\, lust not
be changed as successivE' values are deposited into RAM b:l a
si~le instruction or directive, because this would alter th~
yalUf ot the dot (.) s~bol (current location refer'eoC'e).
HWJSYftI:uses A[lVADR to sa . . e R2, which points to the naif to bi:' defined,
while the value to be eouated is parsed. The vallJ~ saved irl
1':2 is an index to the nalW on the left of the eOIJals sisn. if
the nail is one of the predefined s~.bols or a user s~lbol that

15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22
23

;

hiS ilread~ bePn defined.

HYPREG:USfS ADWtDR as a pointer to ii'll;' list of retisters to be t:lped.
;EFND: uses ADVADR to save the upper search ranSe li~it before pijrsinS
the value and task paraleters.

25
26
27
28

The Iy'alue of ADVADR need

onl'::l be kept intact between two successive I?IIIPt!::l COllland lines.

007336

SAVOP --

ADVAl*t2

;saved expr value for double paraleter cOllands

007340
007341

COUNTI -COUHT2 --

SAVEXP+2
COUHT1fI

icounter for upper level routines
;counter for lower level routines

007342
007343

HODE
!FERAT

CooNT2+!
HODEl!

;addressing lode scratch--Iusi be even address
;save OPerator here irl ey.pressions

007344

CHTLC

OPERATt!

iCNTLC<O> set to 1 when console t!:!!pes "'c arTd
iF.APPL is set, leanin~ that the
jcurrentl~ running prosral has a nc handler

007345

DElIH

CHTle!1

;the ,ASCII directive stores the deliliter here

41
42
43

007346

!lOTTO!! --

DELIm

inow at 7346, botio. at console lonitor stack
;(,00501£1 lonitor has 38 word slack
iHOTE: intenupts need UF' to 11 slad. locations

007400
007462

SCRPAD -STACK

BOnOHt32
SCRPADW

inow at 7400, boltoli of Ke'ol?ad lonitor scratch
;2S word staCK for ke'olpad (torli tor

007462
007464
007466
007470
007630
007631
007632
007672
007673
000200
000100

TBlBOT
HF8251
REPEAT
BUFFER
BP
FP
HOSTBF
HFP
HSTFlG

STACK
STACK ! 2
STAt! + 4
REPEAH2
::::
BUFFERt140
BP+1
FPtl
-HOSTIlft40
-HFPI1
F.lOAD ;200
F.LDST ;100

tP'ointer to bot tOt ot s'oIlbol table space Hi use
i6251 lode f1a;,
;console lonitor cOllland line repeat counter
;96 character console line input buffH
ibuffer back pointer, lust be even address
;butter torward pointer, lust follow Br
;32 character host input buffer
;buf'fer forward pointer

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

45
46
47
48

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

--;;
--

A-5

ihost f1a~5

H :: takiM input fro. host
i1 :: lookiml for .START to besirl loading

1-11 Evaluation Module "onitor ItACRO 005.00 Sund •• 13-H.,-83 04:10 Pa1e 4-1
Srratrhpad locations in high RAH

5B
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

74
75
76
77
78
79
BO
B1
B2
83
84
85
86
87
BB
B9
90

000001

r.ms -001

i1 ;: : igr.orin9 lIessaSe fro. host ib'::lie buc~.etl

---

007674
007676
007700
007702
007704
007706
000001
000002
000004
000010
000020
000040
000100
000200
000400
001000
002000
004000
010000
020000
040000
100000

PWRFVS
KEYPIV
KEYPVS
USERVS
DEINCE
FLAGS1

HSTFLGtl
PWRFVSl2
KHPIVI2
KEYPVSI2
USERVSI2
-DESNCH,
-F.DATA -000001
F.CHAN -000002
F.ADM -000004
F.REG -000010
F•BIlKS -000020
F.FUNC -000040
F.USER -000100
F.SST -000200
F•BIlKA -000400
F. BRKG -001000
r.KEYP -002000
F.I/OST -004000
F.APPL -010000
F. TBAS ;020000
FoPl/OT -040000
F.PAS1 -100000

isave user's power fail vector here
;ke'::lpress service vector
;save use~Js ke~~ress vector here
isave user's interrupt. vector here
jKe~pad debounce resister
,flaS bits, defined as follows
i1 ; data entr'::l lode
11 ;: : nUDe-ric ~.e~ pressed a:ft.er opeflin5 locatiorl
11 ; address entr~ !lode
it = resistH selecliorl Mdt'
;1 ; breaKPoint selection Mde
; 1 ; special function sel",d:c'~1 lIIode
; 1 ; executirlS user code
i1 ; sinsle stepping
it :; breakpoints active' irlstalled)
it ;: : clJrrentl,:, steppiM over a breakF"oirlt
;1 ;: : running console lanitor
11 ;: : accE!ftiA§ console tO~iands fro~ Doth ports
;t ;: runnins F'rOSr.31 ~ith "C handler
i1 ;: : print address break point is at
;1 = lonitor scratch protection disabled
;1 = console larlitor f'ASSl lTIode actiYe

007710
000002
000010
000020
000040
000200

CONFlG

;coflsole line flags, lust be even addrf's;
icorltrol S pressed, executiorl slJsFenderJ
;prosrallable baud rate stored herl?

007711

AUXFLG

007712

F.STOP
F.CPBO
F.CPSI
F.CPB2
F.A6IX

FLAGS1I2
-002
-010
=020

-040
-200

;aux port lode word bit<O>, selects lbX or b4X

CONFLGIl

iCDP'=' of what has been writtfm to A$CREG

SmUF

AUXFLGIl

007726

SPCLBF
TlHE
--

SEG8UFIl4
SPCLBF+2

00m2
007734
00m6
007740
007742

IRO
IR1
IR2
IR3
--IR4
1R5
ISP
-IPC
-IPS
IWATCH -IADDR
BRKFIL

;6 word se91ent data buffer for LED dis~la~s
B11SO o':lte for IJPH!r di~pla';s:' l,}w tor lower
;1 word butter for special 2 character dlspla~
;upper 6 bits COlJot bO seconds, lower 10 (OIJfl1.
;eishthundredths of seconds
;save user context here

:;:;

92
jJ

94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

oomo

007744

007746
007750
007752
007754
007756
007760

TlMEt2

IROl2
iill2
IR21l
IR312
$R4+2

IR512
tSP+2
IPCll
IPStl
IWATCH"
IADORt2

A-6

iwatchpoint address
;clJrrent ~ddress
ifile of tour brea;.point addr-esstcontents pairs

T-11 Evaluation Module Honitor "~CRO \105.00 Sunda, ll-"'r-Sl 04:10 Page :)
Scrltchpad locations in hi~h RAH
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13133000
14 133002
15 133004
16 133010
17 133012
18 133016
19 133020
20 133024
21 133030
22
23 m032
24 133036
25 133040
26 m044
27 133046
28 133052
29 133054
30 m062
31 133064
32 133070
33 mon
34 133100
35
36 133102
37 133106
38 133110
39 133116
40 133122
41
42 133124
43 133130
44 133132
45 133140
46
47 133142
48 133146
49 133152
50 133156
51 133160
52 133164
53
54 ml70
S5 133172
56 133174
57

.SBTTl Cor.sole Se-rial Lirle SUN'ort Routines

•

133000

H+
UHEIN answers console input interrupts and buffers the inco.ins char.cters.
The characters '1, "C, "'0, "0, "9, and "Y and trapped in this routine.
j--

010046
010146
113700
100375
013700
100005
012700
004767
000457
042700
001454
120027
001454
120027
001461
132737
001407

LIHEIN: :/tOV
ItOV

177560

177562

ItOVB
BI'l
ItOV

BI'l

000007
000510
177600

5f:

2':

000003

"OV
JSR
SR
SIC
BEn
C"PB

000031

C"PB
BEG
Bm
BEG
C"PS
SHE
BICB
BR

000002 007710

120027 000021
001345
142737 000002 007710
000433
120027 000023
31:
001006
152737 000002 007710
106427 000200
000730

C~B

SHE
BISB
"TPS

120027 000017
4t:
001004
152737 000001 007673
000413

CMPB

8$:

HOV8
SIC
CHPB
BHIS
MOVB
INCB

113701
042701
120127
103320
110061
105237
012601
012600
000002

007631
177400
000140
007470
007631

9$:

aHE

BISB
8R

MDV
MDV
RT!

ROdSP)
Rlo-ISP)
ItcIRCSR.RO
11
IICIRlUf .RO
21
1007.RO
PC.ClIROl

;preserve sOle resisters tor scratch
iread console receiver slalus resister
fin polled lOde, wait tor a character
,read console receiver
;00 error bits set
;ar. error. Qutf'ut <BEll>
HSl\Ofeo Chiricter r contimle

;clear all but 7 bits
1177600.RO
;ignore ASCII nulls
91
tis it "C?
RO.1003
61
i':fes
;is it "Y?
RO.1031
;~es
71
If.STOP,@ICOHfL6;ar. w' .aitin. for "0'
ina
31
;Is it ... O?
RO,1021
ina, wait for one

IF.STOP.@ICOHFl6;cl •• r "S fla.
;ignore character, continue
91

iis it "S1
ina
tF.STOP,gtCOHflGist!t "S flag to susper.d execlJtioo
,accept other interrupts while suspended
1200
fwait for "Q
11

RO.1023
41

iis it "O?
RO,IOll
ino
81
IF .nTIo!IHSTfLG;turn on host lin, b,t. buck.t
91
@IFP,Rl
1177400,RI
Rhll40

SI
RO,SUffERIRIl
@IFP
ISPlt,RI
ISPlt.RO

;set buffer input pointer
;prevent sign extend
iis bufter full? (96 characters)
;~es, send <I!Ell":"
rno, store character
iadvance pointer
;restore re~isters
rand continue

A-7

T-l1 Evaluation Module Monitor MACRO V05, 00 lunda. 13-Mar-B3 04110 P, .. 5-1
Console Serial Line Su~p-ort Routines
5B 133176
59 133204
60 133200
61 1332H
62
63 133216
M 133222
65 133226
66 133234

032737 030000 007706 611
001~04

PIT
FEO

152737 000001 007344
000765

FII~

012700
004767
042737
000167

NOV
JSR
BIC
.lHP

054536
7t:
000302
000300 007706
004330

tF.APPlfF. TBAS,@tFlAGSl ;slo? on ~C?
71
:yes, nQt rlJnfllfl!i F-roSralli with "c handler
tl,@tCN1LC
inol Just set flM for apF'licatiorf frogr~'.
j and retlJrn
91
t4001131+ 136,RO '''C imd ~Y leninate execution
PC,CHROUT
itY~'e P'Y 1
IF,USERtF,SST,@tFlAGSI ;clear user fro~rai flass

IHONIT

; relove breakpoints. enter 1l0ffitIJf

I-II E"luation Hodule Monitor NACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-Nar-83 04110 P"e 6
Console Serial LIne S~pPort Routines

2
3
4

itt

GETLlH prolPts for a lIne frol the corlsole, and return-5 with the li,fe 1n
BUFFER and R3 cleared. Upon entr'J1 SP should inde:-: the buffer F-osition
just beYond the last character PffVioYsi!l token froll the buffer (if l::Jpeanead
characters ore desi red). To throw awa~ the t~?eaheod characters, st!t BF' zrl;J
F'P to zero.

6
7
B

The characters t!:l?ed on the console (ond an!l earlier bpt!ahead chora:cters)
are echoed to the corlsole following the HOIiPt. ';. I. Note that the ECHO
routiner which was specialized for use with lioDitor cOliullimd irlF'ut, echoes
control cllaracters as '''·<character> until a SE"lIIiCDlor; is fOIJnd Off the line.
Control characters to the riSht of a sellicolorl {i,e. within a 'colil",erlt ' ) Jre
£lrhoed invisibly so that the user ran echo control seOIJencE"S to tht:, (onsol>~

10
11

12
13

14
15
16
17
lB
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
2B
29
30 133240
31 133244
32
33 133250
34 133254
35 133260
36 133264
37 133270
38 llJ272
39 133276
40 133304
41 133306
42 133312
43 133314

l@rlinal.
Uses:

BP Index to BUFFER location just beyond last fetched character
(which is the location that contains the fi rs.t charocler iL
the new Ii ne )

Returns:

Cleared

BUfFER locations indexed bs entry value of Br throu~h the end 01 the
buffet re~lace contents of locations at the be~inning of the
buffer

Adjusted to index the new next available location in the butte I

FP
j--

105037 007324
00471>7 000200

GETLINllCLRB
JSR

004767 000250
u:
012700 020076
OM767 000244
123703 007631
2t:
001775
004767 000644
126327 007467 000015
001367
105037 007324
005003
000207

JSR
It6\I

JSR

em
BEQ
JSR
CMPB
BNE
CLR!
CLR
RTS

@!lllnG

PC,PURGE

; reset line parsing flags for flew line
;purse botto. of butter! clear rtJnniM pointer

PC,CRlF
;start a new line
1400*040t076,RO it ... > <SPACE>
PC,CHROUI
@tFP,R3
isee if a character has been t~pe~
2t
;f'tCtJ wait for one
PC,[CHO
;echo character to console
lis last character a <CR>'01
,no, wait for on~
;reset line fla~s frol ECHO
;set rfJrmin9 ?ointer to be~irlniM of line
'return to caller

BUFFER-1(R3ht01S

2t
@tlINFlG

R3
PC

A-8

1-11 Evaluation "o~JI. "ani tor "ACRO vos.ao Sunda, 13-Har-83 04:10 ra., ,
Console Serial line Support Routines
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 133316 116300 007470
20 133322 005203
21 133324 120027 000011
22 133330 103423
23 133332 120017 000040
24 133336 001403
25 133340 120027 000014
26 133344 101003
27 133346 000270
28 133350 000241
29 133352 000207
30
31 133354 120017 000141
32 133360 103407
33 133362 120027 000172
34 133366 101004
3S 133370 162700 000040
36 133374 000261
37 133376 000401
38 133400 000211
39 133402 000250
40 133404 000207
41

itt

GETCH rebielJes C'hara('t~f's fro. t~e input buffer usiM RJ as a(l index.
The character is placed in the lower 7 bits of ROt Lower c~se chQi'aC'ters
afe folded to upper case. The N flag is set if the characler is a separator
(space, horizontal tab, verticill tab, line feed, or foftl teed) arid the C flag
is set it the character has been folded, U?Ofl entr~, R3 lust inde~: a b':lte
within the console input buffer (F:3 < 140 octal or 'n. decil31l.
Usest

Index to I'le>:t character in console i,lfllt byffe-r (PUFFER)

Returns:

Contains character fetched fro. BUFFER in lO!ole~ 7 biL,

upper bits cleared
Set to PfPvjQijS value t 1
S£ae cODenls above

N,C

j--

GEICH:: KIWB

INC
C"PB
8LO
CHP8
BEG
CHPB
8HI
2~:

81.HERIR3hRO
R3
RO,tOll

;~S,

set a character--bit 7 should be clear

;15 it less than <TAB)?

;~es, r~t

RO,t040

Hs it a space?

a separator

j~es,

RO,I014

ilS it (FF> or lower?

a separator

;r!()1 check for lower case

SEN

iflas a separator

ClC
~$:

RIS

CMPB
BlO

RO,1141
31
RO,II72

CMPi

3$:
S~:

BHI

SUB
SEC

1040,RO

8R
ClC
ClN

RTS

;15 it lower case

'a"?
ina, don't fold
ii5 It lower case I Z'?
;'''lOr don't folf.!
;fold to up~er case

iflaS folded character
itlag a norial character

A-9

T-ll Evaluation Hodul. Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunday 13-Har-83 04110 Pa •• 8
Consol~ Serial

Line Support Roulines

2
3
4
5
6
7

.ENA9l lS9
iff

GETlCH recovers the lost recentl~ set ten character.
Uses:

Index to location in BUFFER Just be~ond character to be
returned

9
10

Returns:

12
13
14
15 133406
16 133410
17
18
19 133412
20 133416
21 133420
22 133424
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 133426
32 133432
33 133434
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

R3
RO

Elmal to previolJs value

H,C

(S•• h.ad.r of GETCH rout in.)

COntains fetched character in lower 7 bitsr upper bits cleared

j.-

005303
000742
004767 177700
103002
062700 000040
000207

GETlCH: :DEC

R3
G£TCH

;6ETCHC is like GETCH except it doesn't fold lower case.
PC , GEICH
Bet:
a
2':
t040,RO
ADD
a:
RTS
PC
GETCHC: :JSR

itt

GETNXT is like BElCH except it doesn't return separators.
(See usa~e intor.alion of SETCH)
j--

004767 177664
100775
000207

PC,GETCH
GETHXr:: JSR
BKI
GETNXT
RTS
PC
.DSABl lS9
iff

GET8P places the back pointer in R3 and prevents sisn extension. This is
useful to refelch characters fro. a line (providing BP still indexes the
be~innin9 of the line),
Uses:

Index to be transferred to R3

Contains value in BP

Returns!

45
46
47
48 133436 113703 007630
49 133442 042703 177400
SO 133446 000207
51

;--

GETBP:: ttOVB
BIC
RTS

@IBP,R3
t177400,R3
PC

A-JO

!-11 Evaluation ""dule Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-Mar-83 04:10 PaSe 9
Console Stria1 Line Support Routines

PURGE shifts the input butfer to eliainatf spare b~low BPf the back pointer.
Console in~ut interrupts are blocked while the shift is occurring, R3, the
running pointer, is cleared.

•

Uses!

Index of first localion to be kept in console in~ut buffer
flocatiorls below BUFFERHBP] are overwritten)
Index of ti r5t urtused locatiorl in BUFFER

10
11

Returns:

R3
Ff

;-15
16
17 133450 1067.6
PURGE:: MFPS
18 133452 106427 0003.0
"T1'5
19 133456 004767 177754
JSR
20 133462 005000
CLR
21 133464 120337 007631
2.:
ClIPS
22 133470 103006
BHIS
23 133472 116360 007470 007470
ItOVS
24 133500 005200
INC
25 133502 005203
INC
26 133504 000767
BR
27
28 133506 110037 007631
u:
HOV~
29 133512 105037 007630
CLRB
30 133516 005003
CLR
31 133520 106426
KTPS
32 133522 000207
RTS
33

Cleared
Cleared
Indexes new flrst unused location in BUFFER

isne priorih

-(SP)

.340
pt.GETBf
RO

;disable interrlWts telPorarih

R3,@tfP

iset back pointer
iaab a pointer to the botlo. of the buffer
ihas en\ire buffer been transferred?

;~es

BUFFER{R3),BUFfER(~O)

Itrinsfer a character

RO
RJ
21
RO.~tFP

ifix forward pointer,
Iback pointer,
tand runniM pointer
;r@~tore priorits

~'BP

(SPlt
PC

3.
35

Ht
CRLF sends a carriOl!le return and liOt' feed to the console (and printerl.

37
38
39
40
41
42 133524 012700 005015
43

Returns!

Contains sarbase (400 t 15 + 12)

j--

CRtF:: KOV

t'OO'OI2+015.RO .<CR>. <LF>

A-II

I-II Evoluotion Hoaul. Honitor HACRO V05.00 Soodo, 13-Hor-83 04:10 POi. 10

Console Serial line Support Routines

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 133530
H 133534
15 133536
16
17 133540
18 133544
19 133546
20 133552
21 133554
22 133562
23 133564
24 133570
25 133572
26mm
27 133600
28 133606
29 133612
30 133620
31 133622
32 133624
33

CHROUT outputs the lower b~tt of RO to the console, and to the iJU>: port
it toe printer port bit is set. If the upper b~te of RO is non-zero,
it is also sent to th@ ~Drt(5). CHRDl outputs onl~ the lower b~te ot RO,
and CHR02 CMI be used to Oyu-ut a character to the am:. part onI':I.
Uses:

Lower b':lte contains first ASCII character to be output

Upper bYte contains zerlJ or secontj character to be output
j--

004767 000004
105700
001431
105737 177564
100375
110037 177566

000423
1327J7
001774
105737
000240
106746
106427
112737
110037
113737
106426
000300
000207

.EHA8l LS8
CHROUI: :JSR
PC , CllROI
RO
ISIB

JEO
CHR01!: 1518

BPL
HOVB
BR
000004 177552 CHR02:: Bm
BEQ
177552
ISTi

1004,@IA$SR£6
CIIR02
~IA.SREG

iis DSR active?

ichfc~ console translitter stalus

;~laceholder for above line
;save priotit!:;l
1340
jblock interrupts while we
1047,@IMCREG ienable aux port trans~itter
;output a character
!lOve RO, !IA.XBUF
@tAUXFLG,@IAS-CREG ;restore pre-yiolJs aux port cOlllland word
HOVB
(SP)I
;restore p!·iorit~
HIPS
SWAB RO
PC
RIS
.DSABL LSD

HFPS
"IPS
HOVB

.1\0

register
;wait until trans,itter read~ bit is set
;lhen output a character
ina, done
its aux port traos.itter e8pt~?
;00, wait until it is

@IC$XCSR
CHROI
RO, !IC$XBUF

NOP

000340
000047 177452
177450
007711 177452

ioutput lower half of RO
;i5 there a second character?

-(Sf)

A-12

T-ll E'il.i\ion Module Monitor MACRO V05.00 Suod., 13-H,r-S3 04:10

r,ge 11

C~ole Serial lin~ SU?~ort Routines

I
2
3
4
5
6
1

.S8TTL General 1/0 SUPPort Routin~s
itt

ASCOUT outputs the character in RO to the porUs) if it is not a control
chararhr. If so, t.he special seauences ' . . A' thrOIJ!lh ,,,_. ifE! sent with
exceptions <SP), <ESC>, aM <[lEL>.

9
10

Uses:

Returns:

12
13
14
15 133626
16 133632
17 133636
IS 133640
19 133644
20 133646
21 133650
22 13365-4
23 133656

Lower 7 bits conlair! character to be printed

Contains !larbage

j--

042700 177600
120021 000177
001413
120027 000040
101331
001416

120027 000033
001422
000300
24 133660 062700 040136
25 m6M 000721
26
27 133666 012700 042074
28 133672 004767 177632
29 133676 012700 046105
30 133702 ooom
31
32 133704 012700 051474
33 133710 004767 177614
34 133714 012700 037120
35 133720 000703
36
37 133722 012700 042474
38 133726 004767 177576
39 133732 012700 041523
40 133736 004767 177566
41 133742 012700 000076
42 133740 000670
43

Ra.I!77

;.ake RO a 7-bit character
;is it delete?

BfD

;!:ffSr t!:Wf <DEl>

CllPB
8HI

RO.'040
CIIROOT
5l
RO.I03l

H 5 it control1
;00' t'JP't' it nor.al1~

ASCOUr: mc
ClIP!

8£0

CHROU!

ItOV
JSR
MOV

1400*104+074.RO ;\,.e (D
PC.CHROUT
1400*114tl05.RO ;\,.e EL

MOV
JSR
HOV
DR

3S:

HOV

JSR

j~ke spaces visible
;i5 it escape?
;'Jes., t':4pe <ESC>
ino, t'Jpe . . (letter)

BEO
SWAB
ADD
8R

Sf:

t177600.RO

*OV
JSR
MOV

t400tl00t136,RO ;.ake it second character after ......
iand hpE! it

1400*123t074.RO ;\"e <s
PC.CHROtiT
1400*076tl20.RO ,t'::lpe P>
CHROUT
1400*I05+074.RO ;\,.e <E
fC.CHROU!
t400*10lt123,RO ;t~~e SC
f'C.CHROU!
it~F'e' ~.
I076.RO
CHROU!

A-13

1-11 (valuation Hodul. Hoo,tor HAtRO VOS.OO Sunda, IJ-Har-Bl 04:10 Page 12
General 1/0 Support Routine~

it+

PRINTA ?rints an MelI strHIS pointed to b!> R1.

4
5

blarl~. b~te.

Uses:

The string lIust end '.n th <3

Paints to strins of o~tes to be printed

f'oiflts to bste just be':lond first b~te in s.trins containing zero

Returns:

B
9

j--

12
13 133750
14 133754
15 133756
16 1J3760
17
18

004767 177564
112100
001374
000207

•(NA9l
JSR
P1UH1A: :lIOVi
iHE
R1S
.OSABL

LS9
PC.CIIROI
(Rll+.RO
If

PC
lSi

A-14

a character frol string
;print it

;~et

T-ll Evaluation Kedul. "onitor KAtRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-"ar-83 0~:10 Page 13
General 110 Support Routines

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

H+

.ENABl
JilA
PRINt:: "OV
BHE
RTS
.DSABL

24 133762 00~767 000016
25 133766 012201
26 133770 001374
27 133772 000207
28
29
30 133m 012201
31 133776 004767 000002
32 134002 012201
33
3~ moo~ 00~767 000004
35 13~010 oom7 000000
36
37 13~OH 005000
38 13~016 005200
39 13~020 162701 003100
40 13~2~ 103374
41 13~026 005300
42 134030 062701 003100
43 13403~ 004767 000062
44 134040 005700
45 1340~2 001413
46 13~0~4 020027 000033
47 13~50 103413
48 114052 001415
49 134054 020027 000035
50 134060 001415
51 134062 062700 000022
52 13~066 000167 177436
53
54 134072 012700 OOOO~O
55 134076 000773
56
57 lWOO 062700 000100

PRINT outputs ~ radix-SO strins pointed to b~ R2. The string lust end wi til

a blank word.
PRINTl outputs a sinsle radix-SO triplet in Rl.
PRINT2 outputs a pair of ra~i~-~O triplets pointed to by R2. No teninalor
is needttd.
PRINTJ outPuts the lost significant radix-50 character in Rl and lultiplies
il bo; 40. (PRIHT3 is ,all.~ 3 til" b. PRINT!.!
Uses:

Points to RAD50 string to b. printed (PRINT)

Contain~ RAD50 triplet to be printed (PRI~Tl)

Points to RADSO Fair of words to be Pt'into?G (PRIIH2i

Contains ~AD50 character to be ?rinted (f'RINT3)
ReturM!

Points to next word after blank word in RAD50 slrin3 iPRI~T)
Points to word atter the pair of yards printed (PRINT2)

Contains z.r. (PRINT, PRINT1, PRINT2)
Conuins (previous valut of Rl> ttOI! 1600 .• 40. (PRINT3)

j--

LSB
PC,PRINT!
(R2)t.Rl

jt~Pe th@ triplet
i ... t • triplet

inot the end 'lilt

PC
LS8

"OIl

(R2)t.Rl
PC,PRINT!
(R2)j,Rl

;!klt a triplet
a~pe it
;!iet another

PRIHTt:lJSR
PRIHl4: JSR

PC,PRINT3
PC,PRHIl3

;t~e the first

PRIMm :CLR
1$:
INC
SUB
BCe
DEC

RO
10
150*50,Rl

jljlyide by successive subtractiorl

PRIHT211"OV

JSR

ADD

6$:

JSR
TST
BEQ
C"F'
BlO
BEG
C"P
BEO
ADD
J"P

2$:

HDV

3$:

RO
150*SO,Rl
PC,RIX40
RO
21
RO,1033
3$
41
RO,1035
51
1022,RO
CHROUT

to subtract 1600.
;worked, no borrow
ifix RO
iand R1
ilultip," RI •• 40

;tr~

;0 .eans space
;032 leans Z

iA throu~h Z
;033 leans $
;035 is undefinedl but type *
;0 throu~h 9 and ","

1040,RO
61

,t':ipe SP.J(:E!

ADD

1100,RO

jA throlJ!ih Z

A-15

character

;and the second

HI [yolu.han HoduJe lIoni!or HACRO VOS.OO Sund" 1)-Har-B] 04:10 P.;. 13-1
General 1/0 Support Routi~es
58 134104 000770
59
60 134106 012700 000044
61 13m2 000765
62
63 13m4 012700 000052
64 134120 000762
65
66 134122 006301
67 134124 006301
68 134126 006301
69 134130 010146
70 134132 006301
71 134134 006301
72 134136 062601
73 134140 000207
74

4t:

HOV

10H,RO
61

it'Jr-e J

HOV

t052,RQ

,l'::lr-e

5.:

Ann

Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl,-ISP)
Rl
Rl
ISP)t,Rl

RTS

RIX40:: ASl

ASL
ASL
HOV
ASL
AS!.

A-16

;.ultipl~ Rl

b'::l S

,save a x
;32 x
;~1U5

S Xaakes 40 X

T-11 Evaluation Module MonItor MACRO V05.00 Sundo. 13-Hor-B3 04:10 Po;, 14
General 110 Support Routines
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
lB
19 134m
20 134146
21 134152
22 134154
23 134160
24 \34162
25 134160
26 134172
27 \34174
2B 134200
29 !l4202
30 134206
31 134210
32 134214
33 !l4216
34 134224
35 134232
36 134234
37 134240
3B 134242
39 134246
40
41 134250
42 134252
43 134256
44 134262
45 134264
46
47 134266
4B 134270
49
50 13.4272
51 134276
52 134302
53 134306
54 134312
55
56 134314
57 134320

iff

ECHO reads the line blJtter as characters are t!:!ped in arid echoes thel
to the corlsole (and printer, if s~lected). Control characters are echoed
as ~(letter) exce~t within COllents. LINFlG is used to record co..ent status.
If ECHO enCOlJnters "R, "u, ~Xr or <DELETE}, it resPonds or lodifies the line
buffer accordingl~, ECHO begins echoing characters at the runnim! pointer
(R3) and continues until R3 = FP or a -eCR> is found.

Uses:

Index to first character in ~UFrER to be echoed
Io(lI.'x to er.d of data in buffer

rp
Returns:

Index to location in IIUFFER losicall':! just be~ond last echoed
b.t, (This leans RJ returns zera if ~U or "X wa~ the lost
character in the buffer! etc.)

j--

116300
120027
001447
120027
001002
012700
120m
001450
120027
001432
120027
001453
120027
001003
152737
132737
001006
004/;\7
100404
004767
000403

007470

ECHO:: ItO'IB

000022

CHP~

000030
000025
000025

3.:

000015
000177
000073
000020 007324
000020 007324 5':
177152

BUFFERlR3hRO
RO.tOn
11
RO.1030
31
1025.RO

;:Hot character
hs it ~R?
;~St r.t!:lpe line
iis it ~X?
;110
;Iap . . X to ~U
;is It "U?
j~e~, carlcel line
jis it <CR>?
;~es! stap echoins characters

BED
CHPB
BHE
HOV
C"PB
BED
CHPB
BED
CHPB
BED
C"PB
BNE
BISB
Bm
SNE
JSR
BHI
JSR
DR

f'C.GElCHe
6.
PC. ASCOUT
B'

;type non~~rintable characters Yisibl~

RO,t02S

2.
RO.1015
171
RO.I177
41
RO.t07J
5.

;is it (DELETE>'
;~s, delete last chara('~r
jis it a s@lic-olon
ina

tF,COHM,@tlINFlGi!:lesr show we afe in a ('olient
tF.Cmtl'l,~tLlNFlG;are we in a cOllent'?
;~eSj echo char~cters literall!:!
7'

177360

14$ :

005203
004767 177252
120337 007631
103727
000207

7$:
6$:

INC
JSR
CHPB
BlO
RTS

R3
PC.CHROUT
R3.@lfP
ECHO
PC

;advance runnins pointer
it'::IPl! non-printable characters as the~ are
; have we echoed e>'efythiM?
ino, do so~e ~ore
;~s, continue

171:

INC
RTS

R3
PC

;step past <CR>
rand return

JSR
JSR
JSR
HTPS

PC.l01
PCd51
PC.GETBP
tOOO

;SOlf COIlon code
;reaove "R frOB line
'sO back to the besinniM
,take characters again
f arid echo line

JSR
JSR

PC. 101
PC.GETBP

;SOlf COlton code

005203
000207
004767
004767
004767
106427
000761

000172
000210
177130
000000

004767 000150
004767 177m

at:

2$:

A-17

,gO back to the bottol of the buffer

T-ll EVilualion Module Honilor HACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-Mar-83 04:10 Pa •• lH
General 110 Support Routines
58 134324
59 m330
60 134334
61
62 134336
63 134342
64Um6
65 134352
66 134354
67 13\356
68 134364
69 134366
70 13m2
71 134370
72 13H02
73 134406
74 m412
IS 134416
76 134420
77 134424
78 134430
79 134434
80 134440
81 134444
82 134450
83 134452
84 134456
85 134462
86 134466
87
BB 134470
89 134474
90 134500
91 134504
92 134510
93
94134m
95 134514
96 134522
97 134524
9B 134530
99 134532
100 134536

HOVe
MTPS
RTS

R3,@tFP
1000
PC

;lndicate butfer eapts
aa~,e characters a!iain
j~ait for ne~ characters

HTPS
JSR
CHPS

1200
PC,151
R3,@UP
91
R3
tF •VT, THPIIlD

BEQ

200.

HOV
JSR
HOV
JSR
HOV
JSR
BR
HOV
JSR
HOVB
JSR
Hova
CHPB
BNE
CLRB
JSR
HTPS
BR

tlO,RO
PC,CHROU!
140,RO
PC,CHROU!
110,RO
PC,CHROUT
2101
1134,RO
PC,CHROU!
BUFFER(R3loRO
PC,ASCOUT
BUFFER(R3loRO
RO,t073
131
mJIIFLG
PC,151
tOOo
BI

;don't take chuacters while buffer is fi;.;ed
ireaove <DELETE> frol line, decrellient FP
;is there an!:lthiM to delete?
ino, continue
;back UP to character to be deleted
;see if video lode
;branch if not
isend bad.space

10$!

HTPS
JSR
JSR
CLRB
RTS

1200
PC,ASCQUT
PC,CRLr
itLINFLG
PC

110300
15.:
11.060 007471 007470 16$:
005200
120037 007631
103771
105337 007631
000207

Hova
HOVB
INC

jset 2 scratch copy of runnins pointer
R3,RO
BUFFERtl(RO),BUFFER(RO) ;r..ov~ I ,h.ract.r fro. ,uffer
RO
RO,@lFP
Hs that ever~thiM?
;nOt do lore
16$
,fi}: Ff'
UFf'
PC

110337 007631
106·427 000000
000207
106m
004767
120337
001443
005303
032767
001415
012700
004767
012700
004767
012700
004767
000410
012700
004767
116300
004767
116300
120027
001002
105037
004767
106427
000673
106427
004767
004767
105037
000207

000200
000H4
007630

4$:

BED
DEC

004000 052744 100$:
000010
177132
000040
177122
000010
177112
000134
177100
007470
177166
007470
000073
007324
000030
000000

000200
177126
177020
007324

200.:

2101:

13$:

9.:

BLO
I!£CD
RTS

A-IS

;send space
;send backspace
;S~,lP

prir.ter '\

itspe "\"

jget deleted charaeter
itspe it
;check if we deleted a "i"
i~es, so we arE-n't irl a COlllDent an':cIlllore
; relove deleted charad~r fro .. buffer;ta~.e character-s agairl
jecho rest of line

idor,'t take characters for a while
iecho the special character
;start a new line
iinitialize fla9s

T-l1 Eyaluation Kodule Monitor HACRO VOS. 00 Sunda. 13-Ha,-93 04:10 Page 15
110 Support RoutInes

Ger~ral

.S8TTL Host line SUPPort Routines

2
3
4

itT

HOSTIN answers aux. f'ort receiver interrupts and butters the inco.ins
characters in HOSTBF (up to 32 characters). "p, "C. "'5, arid "'Y are ignored
cOlinS frol this port. When the buffer becolles half-flJll (16 characters},
a "'s is sent to the ho~t,

6
7
9
;~-

10
11 m540 010046
12 134542 010146
13 134544 113700 177550
H 134550 132737 000060
15 m556 001050
16 134560 042700 177600
17 134564 001464
19 134566 120027 000003
19 134572 001453
20 134574 120027 000031
21 134600 001450
22 134602 120027 000023
23 13460. 001445
24 134610 113701 0071>72
25 134614 042701 177400
26 134620 120127 000940
27 134624 103036
28 134626 H0061 007632
29134632 105m 007672
30 13463. 120127 000020
31 134642 103435
32 134644 132737 000002
33 134652 001031
34 134654 IOM66 000006
35 134660 ·012700 000023
36 134664 004767 176664
37 134670 152737 000002
38 134676 000417
39
40 134700 113701 007711
41 134704 052701 000020
42 134710 HOm 177452
43 13UI4 113737 007711
44 134722 012700 000007
45 134726 106466 000006
46 134732 004767 176602
47 134736 012601
49 134740 012600
49 134742 000002
50

HDSTlH: :HDV
IiOV
HOVI
177552
BITB
BHE
BIC
BED
CltPB
BEO
CHPI
BEO
CHPB
BED
HOVB
BIC
CHPB
BHIS
HOVa

INCB

BlO
IIlB
BNE
HTPS
HDV
JSR
BISB
BR

007673

3$:
177452

2$;

HOVa
DIS
HOVa
HOVa
HDV
HTPS
JSR
HOV
HOV

RO,-ISP)
RJ,-ISP)
@tAIRBUF,RO
t060,@tAISREG
31
tl77600,RO
It

RO,tOO3
21
RO,t031
21
RO,I023
21
UHFP,RI
1177400,RI
RI,I40
2f
RO,HOSTBF IRI)
@IHFP
Rl,120
II

;F-reserve soae resistf'rs for scratch
the character, reset interruFt
;friliM or overrun error?
;~es, beep coosole, and ignore character
;clear all but 7 bits
;isnore ASCII nulls
; isnore "C
;~et

;ane! "Y

;and "5 so that host line traps the sale chars
ias console line, e.en though ignored
;get the host buffer input pointer
;prevent sign extend
iis bufter full?
;~es, beep the co~solel ignore erl"or
;no, store character
,advance the pointer
ii, buffe, half full'

;00, retlJtrl
tF.STOr,@tHSTFlG;have we alread~ sent ...s to O(l:.t?
;~s., return
II
;restore priorit~ in case another chat coaes in
6ISP)
;send ~s tu host
t023,RO
PC,CHR02
tF.STOP,~tHSTFLGi5how

we have done so

,get saved COP~ of ASCREG
@IAUXFl6,RI
;add the error reset bit
t20,Rl
ireset errors
Rt.UAfCREG
irestore to norlal
@IAUXFlG,@IAfCRE6
,beep t~,e console on err-or
lOOI,RO
irestore priorit~ in cas.e ulother char COlles in
6ISP)
PC,CHROI
(SP)t,RI
; restore reSistei':'
ISP)hRO

RTI

A-19

T-l1 Evaluation Module Monitor HAtRO VOS.OO Sonda. 13-H.t-a3 04:10
Host Line Support Routines

H+

2
3
4

HGETCH !:lets a character frol the host input buffer and shifts the buffer down
one character . If the buft~r is reduced frol 16 or lore characters to jU5t
four, a ~a is sent to the host • Do not call this routine if no characters
are available in HOSTBF (i.e. HFP = 0),

••

6
7
a
9
10

Uses!

Returns!

HFP
Index to next available location in HOSTBF
F.STOP Status (las =1 if a ~S has been sent to the host

Lower b~te contains the first character in HOSTEr, upper byte
contains si~n exlensiorl of bit 7
Decteaented to index new next available location in HOSTFF
HFP
F.STOP Cleared if ~O was sent
RO
Cor,hins !Urba!le
RI

13
H
15
16
17
IS
19 134744
20 134746
21 134752
22 134754
23 134760
24 134762
25 134170
2.
27 134772
28 134774
29 135000
30 m004
31 135006
32 135014
33 m016
34
35 135020
36 135024
37 135026
38 135034
39 135036
40 135044
41 135046
42 135052
43 llSOS4
44 135056
45 135060
46 m062
47 135066
4a
49 135074

P.~e

i-005001
113746 007632

005201
120137 007672
103004
116161 007632 007631

HGETCH: :ClR
/IOVB
11:
INC

OOO77Q

10674.
3';
106427 000340
-4$!
120137 007672
103005
116161 007632 007631
005201
000770

RI
@tHOST9F,-(SP) ;save the first character in buffer

Rl
Rh@IHFP

iare we too close for cOifart?
;yes, disable interrupts before doiM this orle
HOSTBF(Rl),HOST8F-l(Rl) jshift down one character
1$
jdo entire buffer UP to one less than HFP

BHIS
HOVB
BR

HFPS

-(SP)
;save Priority
;disable interrupts to prevent sc:reW'JPS
t340
Rl,@IHFP
;are we really done?
,YeS, all characters transferred
5.
HDSTBF (Rll ,HDSTBH (Rl) ishift down one character

CKPB

BHIS
HOV!
INC
9R

RI
U

5S:
105m 007672
005000
123727 007672 000004
101006
132737 000002 OOn7l
001402
012700 000021
2$!
106426
112601
005700
001405
004767 176466
142737 000002 007673

BICB

ihave we reduced to just four characters~
;1\0
tF.STDP,~IHSTFLG;.nd ••5 -S sent'
;00
2.
;put ~Q in RO
t021,RO
(SP)t
;restore priorit~
(SPlt.Rl
;recover character
;did we decide to send ~a?
RO
ina
6'
PC , CHR02
;~s, send ~a to host
tF.STDP.itHSTFLGisho• • e have don' so

000207

RTS

6$:

CLR
CKP!
BHI
BIT)
BED
HDV
HTPS

HWI
TST

BED
JSR

!IHFP
RO
@lHFP,14

A-20

;adjust buffer i~ut pointer

I-II E"aluation "oduJ. "onito,

~RO VOS.OO

Sund., 13-"a,-83 04:10 Pa" 17

Most line Suf.F1lrl Routines
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

.SBTTL 110 lni halization ind LED Driver
it!

IOIMIT asserts the RESET L line on the board, thereb~ clearing the
corlti!:luration of the peripheral chips.

a 16X clock, so that its baud rate will be eQual to that I)f the console port.
The RS-232 control output sisf)als are left deassertE'd, anI;! the aux. F"orl
receiver and lranslitler are left disablea. SETtlXl is lilE' SETAX2, e}~cert

10
11
12

that the clock divisor of the aux, port is set to 16 if RO :; 0 upon entrsl
or 64 if RO ; 1. A 64X clod, leans that the am:. port balJd 'I'ilte will be
one fourth 01 the consol~ ~rt b~ud rat~t

14
15
16 135076 000005
17 135100 112737 000212 177446
18 135106 112737 000010 177444
19 135114 105037 177560
20 135120 105037 177564
21 135124 005000
22 135126 112737 000200 177452
23
24 135134 112737 000100 177452
25 135142 152737 000002 007464
26 135150 063700 007464
27 135154 110037 177452
28 135160 112737 000020 177452
29 135166 000207
30
31
32

j--

IOINIT: :RESET

t212.HPICREG
tOIMtplPORC
mfRCSR
"CIXCSR

SHAW CLR
SHAn: "ova

t200.~'AICRE6

"OV~

1I00.@tAICREG

IUlVB

"OW
ClRB

12.~IHFa251

IISi
AOD
IUlVB
"ova
RTS

@1"F825hRO
RO.@lAICREG
t020.@lAICREG
PC

;disable interrtups
jcon1i~ure 8255 with port II: a<:: input
idisable LED displas
;disibl~ DLART re<:eiller
jdisable DLART translitter
hndicate lbX clock for aux port
isend a harlless lode word to aak~ sure next
;word is interprete-d a·; a centrol woro 50 that
ahis control word puts us bad. to lode load
ila~,e sure baude ratl!S will aatch
iadd in lod~ b':lte incase user has chaMed arl!::lthins
;MIoI initialize lodes
ireset error flass, disable 8251

iff

SETAUX reconfisures thf aux. port to o~erate with a 16X clock if bit 7 of
COHFLG O. 0' with' 64X c1,,~ 'f bll 7 of CONFlG "(. Th, au;;. po,l
receiver and transliller are left disabled, but the RS-232 control slsnals
r'Guest-to-send ind data-terlinal-read':! are asserted. tI COP\:I of the co.'Olna
b~te sent to thf au:{. port is saved in AUXFL6 for futur@ tE'ferenc@I sinc@
A$CREG is a write-onl~ location.

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41 135170
42 135172
43 135176
44 135200
45 135202
46 135206
47 135214
48 135222
49

It then initializes the peripheral

chips to an idle state. SETAX2 confisures the aux. port to operate with

;--

005000
105737 007710
100001

SHAUl: : ClR

lSI!

BPl

@tcONFLG
H

005200

INC

I«)

004767 177720
11:
112737 000042 177452
112737 000042 007711
000207

JSR

PC,SETAXl

~VB

t042,@tASCRE6
t042,@tAUXFLG

"OVB
RIS

A-21

iis 64X clock currentl~ selected?
;001

lbX clock

;set .lUX port baud rater disable
;C'olland 8251 to assert RTS, DTR, and disable
Isave a cop':! since A.CREG is write onl~

T-ll Evaluation Modul. Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-"0,-63 0~:10
110 Initialization and LED Driver

2
3

IOVECT initiali~es the Interrupt vectors at locations 60, 64, 70, 741 .,.,
130, and 134 to point to an RTI instruction with priorit~ 7. It then attache~

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II 135224
12 135224
13 135230
H135m
15 135240
16 13524~
17 135246
18 135252
19 135256
20 135262
21 135266
22 135272
23 135276
24 135302
25 135310
26
27 13S31~
28 1J5322
29 135330
30135336
31 135342
32

ras. 18

inlerru,.,t service routines for console b.reak, invalid instruction, breakpoint,
and LED displa~ refresh, The power fail vector is also attached to ar1 IHI
inslructiol'H with priorit':l 6. The LED dis!>}a!:! hardware and DDth ~erial ports
are disablPd.

;-IOVECT::
012700
012701
O12nO
012720
Om05
012720
012720
012700
012720
012720
012720
012720
012737
005037

000060
000014
135676
0003~0

137114
000340
000010
137334
000340
137174
000340
135344 000104
007676

"0'
1
MOV
it:

ftOV
!tOV
509
HOV
KOV
KOV
MOV
KOV
ItOV
KOV

t060,RO
tl2. ,Rl
ttNLUI.lROlt
UIO.lROlt
Rldi
tBREAK,(ROlt
t3~O.lROH

tOl0,RO
I!TRAP, (ROlt
t340.lRO It
19RKPT, (ROH
t340.lROH

hnitialize 110 vectors and disable irrterruFts
;15 coded priorit!:l vectors (2 not usedJ
;set address elnent to null SetVlce rOIJiinE

iset priorit~ level to 7
;connect console break roy tine
;priotits 7 fot console break
icor.ned invalid instructiOfl tral>
;connect breakpoint tra~

HOV
tDISPlA,@tLEDIV ;conn&et LED displa~ routine
ClR
UKEYf'IV
idisconnect ke':!Press service vector
rnow disable inti'rY'upi hardware fol' ports
ItOVB
IOI0,ptPIPORC idisapl. LtD ,lisP!"
112737 000010 177444
BICB
tlOO,@tCfRCSR ~disable corlsole receiver
142737 000100 177560
SICIf
tl00,@tC1XCSR :disable console translitter
142737 000100 177564
CLRF
@tASCREG
idisable olJxiliars recei ver and t r3rl'~lI\i t ter
105037 177452
000207
RTS
PC

A-22

[-11 Eyaluation Hodul. Honilor MACRO ~5.00 Sunday 13-Har-83 04:10
1/0 Initialization and LED Driver

P.~. 19

.ENABl LSB

2
3

DISPlA is the LED refresh interru~t service routine. It .ultiplex~s the
contents ot SEGBUf to the LEVs through parallel port At and checks if a

5
6

ke~pad ke~ has been pressed.

It a ke~ has been pressed and the value in
location KEYPIV is not zero, then control will be transferred to the routine
at [KEYPIVl for interrupt driven kespad input. The ke~press routine at
[KEYPIVl lust restore R2, Rl, and RO fraa the stack (in that order) before
eXK'Utirui an RH. NotE! that if the corltents of SPCLSF afE' nonzero, a fl3Shir.~
di!ipla~ of I xx
will appear irl the LEOs instead of the corltents of SEGBUF,
Error'

7
8
9

10
11

12
13

DISP'lA illso C'OlIf'Its Ule nulber of tiles it hilS been called (which is deterlined
~ the hardware to bt BOO Utes per second,

when disph~ refresh is er,3bledl
in th@ location TI~. the lower 10 bits of TInE count 0 through 799., and the
upper six bits tount 0 through 59. seconds.

15
16
17
18
19 135344
20 135350
21 135352
22 135354
23 135356
24 135362
25 1353.4
26 135370
27 135372
28 135400
29 135406
30 135412
31 135414
32 135420
33 135422
34
35 135426
36 135432
37 135436
38 135HO
39 135444
40 135450
41 135452
42 135454
43 135462
44 135464
45 135470
46 135474
47 135476
48 135502
49 135506
50 135510
51 135512
52135514
53 135516
54 135524
55 135526
56 135532
57 135534

;--

005237
010046
01014.
010246
013700
005100
032700
001016
042737
062737
013700
005100
032700
001002
005037
013700
042700
006300
016001
005737
001422
005001
032737
001015
016001
132700
001410
013702
132700
001001
000302
105002
060201
112737
000301
110137
000301
112737

007730

DISPlA:: INC
ttOv

Koo
HOV
IIOU

007730

COK
001440

BIT

BNE
BIC

"TIHE
RO.-(SP)
RI.-(SP)
R2.-(SP)
@ITIIE.RO
RO
1001440.RO

IIOU

COK

170000

BII

1170000.RO

BN[

007730

ClR

11
mIllE

007730
177770

II:

HDV
BIC

ASL
HDV

007712
007726

TS1
BED
ClR

BIT

001000 007730

BNE
135756
000004

/IOV
BlTB

007726
000002

Koo

BED
BITB

@tTIHE.RO
tI77770.RO
RO
stGBIJF(RO)'RI
@tSPClBf
31
RI
tOOl000.@tTIIE
31
ERRSEG(RO)'RI
t004.RO
31
@ISPClBF.R2
1002.RO
41
R2
R2

41:

BNE
S1IAB
CLRB
ADD

R2,Rl

000010 177444 31:

HOVB

177440

HOVB

000007 177444

SWAB
HOVB

1010.PlPIPORC
RI
Rt.@tPIPORA
RI
t007.@IPIPORC

SWAB

;preserve resisters
;prePilre to check for overflow of BOOths

ino overflow
11
I00177MITIHE ;oYertlow, so clear BOOths
l002000.@1TI1tE ian~ add 1 second
icheck if overflow past 60 seconds
ilTIHE.RO

001777 007730
002000 007730
007730

ADD

;kee~ iI count of BOOths of seconds in TIME

A-23

;no overflow of seconds
so clear the whole thin!

;~es,

istrip RO to lake it a luI tip lex address
;aake it a word index
;get se~lent data for this digit pair
;is there a s,ecial ~rtor displa~?
;no

itrue for approx. 1/3 of each second
iflashinS error ~essa~1 no less
i~et Sedlent data for

' Error'

iis this diSit 2 ar 31
ino, so no overla~ on u~~r displa~
;get oyer16~ chilracters
iis this digit 31
idi!ht 3 character- is in Uf'F'er b~te
;swoP for digit 2
;save only upper display character
ic-oabine upper and lower displ~~ characters
Hurn Drf displa~f enable upper displa'3 latch
jget upper displa~ dat~ in lower byte
ioutput upper displa'3 data
iback to lower displa~ data
;displa~ still off, but upper latch closed

T-11 Evaluation 110001. "ooito, "ACRO V05, 00 Sunda, 13-Ma,-B3 04:10

Pa~.

19-1

lID Initialization and LED Driver
5B 1~542 110137 177440
59135546 010001
60135550 006201
61 135552 110137 177444
62 135556 000240
63 135560 113702 177544
64 135564 042702 177417
65 135570 060002
66 135572 013701 007704
67 135576 001413
6B 135600 074201
69 135602 001420
70 135604 032701 000016
71 135610 001027
72 135612 032701 000360
73 135616 001424
74 135620 005037 007704
7S 135624 000421
76
77 135626 004767 000046
78 135632 005701
79 135634 100415
BO 135636 010237 007704
Bl 1~42 000412
82
B3 135644 052737 100000 007704
84 135652 005737 007676
as 135656 001404
B6 135660 004767 000014
B7 135664 000177 052006
88
B9 135670 012602
90 135672 012601
91 135674 012600
92 135676 000002
93
94 135700 010200
95 135702 000300
96 135704 042700 007777
97 135710 012701 000004
9B 135714 006300
99 135716 103013
100 135720 001013
101 135722 005301
102 135724 006302
103 135726 060201
104 135730 042701 177740
105 135m 006202
106 135736 010200
107 135740 042700 177761
lOB 135744 000207
109
110 135746 077116
111 135750 012701 177777
112 135754 000770
113
114

"OV9
IIOV
ASR

"OIIB

Rt.!tPIPORA
RO,Rl
Rl
Rl,!tPlPORC

NOP

;output lower displaY data
;Iultiplex di~it address (byte ind~x)
Hurn on display
;now do keypad input .••
;~.eypad ret'Jrn 1in!?s in bi ts 4 to 7
;clean UP keypad data
;colbine index and return data
;set a scratch COpy of debouflct' st;,te resister
;not debouncins a ke':!, take 2 riel,,: onE-

ADD
IIOV
BEQ
XOR
BED
BIT
BNE
BIT
8ED
CLR
BR

!IPIPORD,R2
1177417,R2
RO,R2
!lDE9HCE,Rl
51
R2,Rl
61
1000016,Rl
21
tOOO360,Rl
21
mEBHCE
21

SS:

JSR
TST
8"1
IIOV
BR

PC,71
Rl
21
R2,UDEBNCE
2.

6.:

BIS
TST
BED
JSR
J"P

'tKEYPIV
2.
PC,7.
mYPIV

;da we hav~ an activ~ v~ctor?
;no, discard k.e~fess
;!iet a useful key nu~ber in Rl
ipass it to attach~d SE!rvice routine

"OV
"OV
"OV
.NUll! : : RTI

(SP)I,R2
(SP)t,Rl
(SPlhRO

;s~rvic~

7.:

R2,RO
RO
tOO7777,RO
t4,Rl
RO
9.
101
Rl
R2
R2,Rl
t177740,Rl
R2
R2,RO
tI77761,RO
PC

ilske a scratch COPY
ilove k.~!::l data to upp~r byte
ikeep onl!::l return line data
;shift out 4 bits la::
ishift out a bit, look for a one
ididn't find it
;Iore than on~ true bit--invalid data
iRl is now 3, 2, 1, or 0
ileast two bits are 0
icolbine Dultiplei: address and positional count
iclean UP key code
i restore R2

"OV9

2.:

at:

11S:

9S:
lOS:

IIOV
SWAB
BIC
"OV
ASL
8CC
BHE
DEC
ASL
ADD
81C
ASR
"OV
BIC
RTS

itohl latch, take it as iI keYPress
;co.pare lultip}ex address field
;not the sale, so ignore it
ica.pare return line field
;sil~e ke~ held, so ignore it
;no lonser salE' ke~ pressed, so reset stale

;convert positional bit to ~u~ber
iis this a valid ~.E.'!::l depression?
;~o, so isnore it
;yeSI lake it and wait for contirl2tion

t100000,~.DE!'INC£jIak.e sure we set onl!::l one keypress per

SOB
"OV

RbBI
t177777,Rl
DR
111
,DSA8l LSB

A-24

key

routine at @KEYPIV should also restore
;the rUisters in this lanner

; restore RO

ik.ee? searchiM
iindicate invalid data
;restore and exit

1-11 E,alualion Module !onilor MACRO V05.00 Sooda, 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pase 19-2
1/0 Initialization and LED Driv~r
115 135756 000120 00013~ 000120 [RRSEG: .WORD
116 135764 000120 000171 000000
.WORD

120,134,120
120,171,000

; r, 0, r
jr, E, <;ipace

1-11 [,alualion Module Monitor MACRO VOS.OO Sunda, 13-Mar-B3 0~:10 PaSe 20
1/0 Initialization and LED Driver

.S8Tll LED Dis~la~ Support Routines

2
3
~

iff

DSPIIIG ta;,es a hex nUlber in the lower 4 bits of RO and disf'lass the
corresporldiM seglent f'attern on the LED digit. inde);:ed o'J Rt. Rl:; 0
to index the right.cst lower LED digit, = 1 to inde)( the righttost !JI"f't>r
LED disit, ... 1 = 13 to indi!~{ the 1efhost iJF?N LEI! digit. Re+,IJrrl's R1

5
6
7
B
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IB
19
20 135772
21 135776
22 136002
23 13600~
24 136012
25 1360H
26
27 136016
136021
2B 136022
136025
29 136026
136031
30 136032
136035
31
32

inc:reaented b'!J 2 to index the next di1it to the left en the sallie disp}!:'::!
row,
Uses:

RO
Rl

Hex value to be displa~Pd
Index to LED digit on which to disf'las it

RO
RI

Prrvious value with bits 15. throygh 4 cleared
Previous value f 2

Returns:
j--

042700 177760
DSPDIG::m
CltP
020127 000013
BHI
101004
"OVa
116061 136016 007712
TST
005721
000207
It:
RTS

Rl,to0001J
;laxil'tM value for digit index
1$
;out-ot-r~ge, so isnore call
HEXSEG(RO)'SEGBUF(Rll ;displ .. digit
(Ri)+
;index next digit of saae displa~ level
PC

006

133 HEXSEG: : •BYTE

07),006,133,117 ;0, h 2, 3

146
007

155

175

.8YTE

146,155,175,007 ;4, 5, 6, 7

177

157

167

•BYTE

177,157,167,174 ;8, 9, Ar b

136

171

•BYTE

0711136,171,161 ;C, d, E, F

077
117

174
071
1&1

.EVEN

A-25

T-II EYaluation Hodule Honitor HACRO VOS.OO Sund .. 13-Har-BJ 04110 Pase 21
LED Displa~ Support Routines
I
2
3
4
5
6
7

itt
DSPUNH and DSPLHH tal!.e full words in R2 and write octal nuabers to the upper

and lower LED di5pla~s, respectivel~.
Uses:

20 136054

21 136060
22 13<1062
23 1J6066
24 13<1072
25 1J6074
26 136076
27 136100
28 136102
29 1J0104
30 136106
31 136110
32
33
34

Octal value to be displa~ed

RO
RI

Contains Sarba!!:e

Returns:

9
10
11
12
13 136036
14 1J6042
15
16 136044
17
IB 136050
19 136052

Contains !larbage

;--

DSPlIHH: :ttOV
BR

II.RI
DSPNUH

iindex upper displa~

000402

012701 000000

DSPL""::~

10.RI

iindex lower displa~

010246
010346
012703 000006
010200
042700 177770
004767 177700
000241
006002
006202
006202
077312
012603
012602
000207

DSPNUltI HDV
HDV
HDV
1$:
HOV
BIC

R2.-(SPl
R3.-!SPl
16.R3
R2.RO
1177770.RO
PC.DSPDIG

iPreserve R2
;set a scratch re~i5ter
icount 6 di.!lits

012701 000001

JSR
CLC
ROR
ASR
ASR
SDB
HDV
MDV
RTS

R2
R2
R2
R3.1$
(SPlj.R3
(SPlt.R2
PC

A-26

i.ave octal disit to RO
;Iike sure it's octal
idispli':l digit
ilove to ne}:t octal disit

ida five diSits

1 Evaluation Kodule Monitor ItACRO VO~.OO Sunda, 13-Ka,-B3 04:10 Pase 22
Diy.la!l Support Routines

I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
H 136112
15 136116
16 136120
17 136122
18 136m
19 136126
20 136130
21 136134
136142
23 136H4
24 136146
25 136150
26 136152
27
28 136154
136157
29 136162
136165
30 136170
136173
31 136176
136201
32 136204
136207
33 136212

136m
34 136220
136223
35 136226
136231
36 136234
136237
37 136242
38 136145
39 136250
40 136253
41 136256
42 136261
43 136264
44 136267
45 136272
46 136275
47 136300
48 136303

itt

DSPHAH is a routine to di5Pla~ nates of resisters, etc, on u~per displa~.
R2 points to the aessase to be dis~la~ed. The lessage sl'loul,j be a striM
of b b!:ltes corre5~ondins to the sesaerlt Patterns for each LEtl disit, starting
with the rightaost digit.
Uses:

Pointer to string at sestent f'atterrlS

RI
RO

Contains sarbase
Contains garbase

Returns:
;.012701 000001
DSPNA!: :!1l1J
010246
HOV
ASl
006302
HIl1J
010200
ASl
006302
ADO
060002
HOV
012700 000006
HOVa
116261 136154 007712 1$:
TST
00~721
INC
00~202
SOB
077006
HOV
012602
RTS
000207
000
120
000
120
000
120
000
120
000
120
000
120
000
155
000
1.3
000
163
120
170
000
136
000
120
006
163
133
163
117
163

000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
136
124
120
167
075
000
170
110
170
120
170
120

077 NAHTBl: : •BYTE
000
006
.BYTE
000
•BYTE
133
000
117
•BYTE
000
146
• BYTE
000
155
•BYTE
000
163
•BYTE
000
071
•BYTE
000
155
•BYTE
000
•BYTE
167
163
•BYTE
136
•BYTE
.BYTE
000
171
.BYTE
.BYTE
000
124
•BYTE
•BYTE
174
.BYTE
124
174
.BYTE
124
.mE
174
.BYTE

It.RI
R2.-ISP)
R2
R2.RO
R2

iindex upper displa~
;preserve lessag, index
itultipl!:l it b~ 6

RO.R2

16.RO
;character count
NAHTBlIR2).SEGBUfIRl) i.ave sesaent data to LED bufter
iindex ne~t LED digit
IRllt
;ind~y. next character
R2
ROolS
ida six characters
(SPlhR2
irestore R2
PC

0,0,077,120,0,0 ;.

0,0,006,120,0,0 i'

0,0,133,120,0,0 ;.

0,0,117,120,0,0 p'

0,0,1401120,0,0 j'

0,0,155,120,0,0 j'

0,01163,155,0,0 j' Sf'
0,0,071.163,0,0 j' PC
0,0,155,163,0,0 j' PS
120.136,167
1700124.163
000,120013 •
136,167.000
000.075.171
120.000,000
0060170.124
163.110.1'4
133.170.124
163,120,174
1171170,124
1630120·174

A-27

j 'PntMr'

Addr •

;. rEG'
; 'b-rPnU'

; 'brPnt2'
; 'brPnt3'

T-l1 Evaluation ~odule Monitor HllCRO 1J05. 00 Su"d •• 13-~a'-B3 04:10 Pa!Je 22-1
LED Displa':l' SuPport Routines
49 136306
SO 136311
51 1363H
52 136m
S3 136322
54 136325
55 136330
56 136m
57

H6
163
000
034
060
124
170
163

170
120
130
161
134
134
120
200

124
174
124
000
155
071
134
167

.BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE

•BYTE
•BYTE
,EVEN

H6.170.124
1630120.174
000,130,124
034.161.000
060.134.155
124.134.071
170.120.134
163,2001167

A-28

;'brF'nt4'
i' Func '

j'ConSol·
; 'A,Po1't'

T-II Ev.luation Modul. Monitor ftACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-Har-S] 0~:10 P,•• 23
LED nispla~ Support Routines
Hf

BLNKlO and BlHkHI are routines to erase the sesaent data ir. the lower and
upper LED butters, respectiyel~. Returns sarbase in RO and R1.

2
3
~

5
• 136336 012701
7 1363~2 000~02
B
9 1363~~ 012701
10
11 136350 012700
12 136354 105061
13 136360 005721
H 136362 077004
15 13636~ 000207
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35 136366 OOm7
36 136372 010146
37 136m 010201
38 136376 00~767
39 136402 005742
40 11640~ 012601
41 136406 012703
42 136~12 004767
43 136416 010146
44 136420 010201
45 136422 004767
46 136426 005742
47 136430 012601
48 136432 077311
49 136~34 000207
50

j--

000000

BLNKLO::ftDV
8R

10.Rl
BLNKDS

iindex lower displa~

000001

BlNKHI : : "OU

I!.RI

;index uPper displa~

000006
007712

BLNKDS: ftOV
a:
CLRB
TST

16.RO
SEOBUF(RIJ

;count 6 disits
iblank a disit
;index next disit of sale displa~ level
;do six disits

SOB
RTS

(Rut

RO.lI
PC

Hf
DSPDEC takes i nUlber in Rl and an index to either second-fro.-lhe-left lED
disH in R2 and displi~s the nUlb@r as a decilal value or! the correspor,dins
LEO digits. R2 = 10 to index the lower row of LEDs! = 11 far the uP?fr row.
The lettlOst LED digits afe not ~rfected. To dis?lay a two's COIlf"!ei€nt
decilal 'w'ah.. , call this routine frol another routine, which places a linus
siYi in tile hfllost LEO digit and passes the absQlute value of the n1jlber
to be displa~d to this routirle.
Uses:

RI
R2

!\eei.al value to be displayed
Index to lED row on which to display it

Returns:
RO, Rl, Contain sarbaSe
R2. R3
;--

015662

DSPDEC: :JSR

PC.81NASI

~DV

Rh-(SP)

MDV
JSR
TST
HOV
ftOV
JSR
HDV
HDV
JSR
TST
MDV
SOB
RTS

R2.Rl
PC.DSpnlG
-(R2;
(SP)bRl

177370
000004

015576
177344

tt:

1~.R3

PC.BlHASC
R!.-(SP)
R2.RI
PC.DSPDIG
-(R2)
(SP)t.Rl
R3.!1
PC

A-29

10000's di~it
;save reaainder
iindex left LEII disH
;displa~ d@rilal disit
iindex next digit
i~et

ilake a coonter
;strip a di~it frOI Rl
;s~itch resisters
,display decilal digit
iindex next digit to the right
;set back decilal nu~ber
;do six digits

T-ll Evaluation Hodul. Honitor HACRO V05.OO Sunda, 13-Har-83 0~:10 PaS, 24
LED Display Support Routines

H+
KEYGET torns on the LEDs and waits for a keypress. The keg nutbit of the
k~ that was pressed is retlJrned in Rl. The ke~s are nUloered as follows:
00 -- [ClR]
12 -- [ 6 ]
01 -- ( 1 ]
13 -- [ 9 ]
02 -- [ 4 ]
14 -- [A['V]

3
4
5
6
7

03 -- [ 7 ]
04 -- [ 0 ]
OS -- [ 2 ]
06 -- [ 5 ]
07 -- [ 8 ]
10 -- [EXA]
11 -- [ 3 ]

8
9

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

15 -- (BAC]
16 -- [REG]
17 -- [AOR]
20 -- [SST]
21 -- [GO ]
22 -- [BPI]
23 -- [FNC]

Uses!
Returns:

Contiins nuaber of key that was pressed

KEYPIV Cleared
SPClBf Cleared
PS

Priorit~

reduced to 5

;--

25 136436 012737 136~70 007676 KEYGEI nHOV
IIOV8
26 136444 112737 000007 177~44
27 13M52 106701
"FPS
28 136454 120127 000277
CMPS
SlOS
29 136460 101402
HIPS
30 136462 106427 000240
1$:
DR
31 136466 000777
32
KEYGf1: ClR
33 13M70 005037 007676
ClR
3~ 136m 005037 OOm6
HOV
35 136500 012602
lSI
36 136502 005726
HDV
37 136504 012600
lSI
38 136506 005726
HIPS
39 136510 106~26
RTS
40 136512 000207
41

tKEY6El,@tKEYPIUilink input routine to keypress vector
t007, PtP$PORC ;lurn on LED displays

Rl
RJ.1277

;priority 5 is laxilu. for LEDs to operate

1240

;set priority 5

;wait for ke~reS5

mEYPIV

jdisconnect keypress veclor
autn off flashiml error, if an'::!

~ISPClBf

(SPIt.R2
(SPit
(SP)t,RO
(SPit
(SPit
PC

A-30

hestore R2
idiscard old Rl
;restore RO

idiscard return address
ibut replace PS b~te
;return to caller of KEYGET

T-ll Ev.lu.tion "odule """itor KACRO VOS.OO Sund., 13-".r-83 0~:10 P'So 25
LED Di5pla~ Support Routines
iH

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 136514 116101 136522
13 136520 000107

KEYBCD translates the ke~ nuaber in Rl into a BCD value far the ke~s 0 tu 9,
12 lor the CLR k." 013 lor the EXA ke" .nd -I for .11 other

'"s.

Uses:

Ke~ nueber

Translated value

to be translated

Returns:

;--

KEYBCD ::ttOVB
RTS

BCDTBI. IRI IoRI
PC

;translate Rl into BCD cod@

BCDTBL: .BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE
.BYTE
•BYTE
.BYTE
.BYTE
.BYTE
•BYTE

012
001

llCLRJ
;( I J
l[ 4 I
;( 7 I
HOI

IS 136522
16 136523
17 136524
18 13.\525
19 136526
20 136527
21 136530
22 136531
23 136532
2~ 136533
25 13653~
26 13.\535
27 136536
28 13.\537
29 136540
30 13.\541
31 136~2
32 136543
33 136544
34 1365~5
35
36

012

001
004
007
000

OO~

•BYTE

007
000
002
005
010
013
003
006
011

J77
377

•BYTE

377

•BYTE

377

•BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE

377
377

l [ADV]
;[sACl
mEG]

377

;[ADD]

002

005
010
013
003
006
011

377

377
377
377
J77

•BYTE

•BYTE
.BITE
.BYTE

H 2 )

H 5I
H8]
mXA]
l[ 3 J
n6]
H 9]

377

assn

J77

HGO J
HBPTl

377
J77

l(FHCl

.EVEN

A-31

T-Il E•• lu.tion Module "-nitor MICRO VOS.OO Sunday 1)-M.r-8) 04:10 p.se 2.
LEO 8isplas Support Routines
1

H+

2
3
~

NUMGET disP'l~s the current . . alut ot R2 in the lower row of LEDs, leaviM the
upper row intact. The ke~ad is enabled to allow the USft to aodifY the value

ir. R2 with thE' 0 - 7 '!rId ClR lc.eYs.

•

The value in R2 is returned, whether

altered or not, when the user ?~sses EXA •

7
8
9

Uses:

Returns:

Ini hal vahle

New value (if chansed)

12
13
14
15
16
17 136546 042737 000002
18136554 004767 17m4
19 136560 004767 177m
20 136564 004767 177724
21 136570 005701
22 136572 100770
23 136574 020127 000012
24 136600 10102.
25 136602 001420
2. 136604 020127 000010
27 136610 103361
28 136612 032737 000002
29 136620 001004
30 1U622 005002
31 13.624 052737 000002
32 136632 006302
33 136634 006302
34 13663. 006302
35 136640 060102
3. 136.42 000744
37
38 136644 005002
39 136646 052737 000002
40 136654 000737
41
42 136656 000207

f .CHAN nil!! in FlAGSl is set if R2 was Lhat!~edt deared otherwise
Contains ~arbage
RI
Contains !iarbage
RO
;--

00770. Nl.ItIGET: :~IC

PC.DSPLHH

JSR

rc.KEYGET
rC.KEY8CD

JSR
TST
8"1

CHF'
BIU
BEQ
CHP

BHIS

00770.

SHE

ClR
00770.
~$:

BIS
ASL
ASL
ASL

3.:

25:

h.sn't ch.nsed ,et

;displa!:l value in R2 on lower lEDs
iwait for a keYpress
;ranYert ke~ nulber into BCD

;was it a legal ~e~?
ina, get another
;was it nuaeric?
iool it was EXA/EHT, ;0 return valui! in R2
,no, it was char
iwas it 8 or 9 (not valid octal digits)?
;SfS! sa i~nore it
tF.CHAN,@tFlAGSHhas R2 been chan~ed ~et?
;~es, just scroll in ke~
U
ielse clear old value first
R2
IF. CHAH,@tF1AGS1;indicate it has been chan.!:led
;.ake space fnr new digit
R2

RI
1.
RloI012
2.
31
RI.'OIO
II

R2
Rl.R2

,scroll irl new di!!i t

;accept additional digits

CLR

;clear nu.ber for ClR ke~

'f.CHAH.@JfLAGSI'show R2 chansed

RTS

ADD
IR

007706

'f.CHAN.~'FlASSI'show R2

JSR

;return value

A-32

I-II Evaluation Modul. Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sund" 13-Har-83 04:10
LED Di5pla~ Support Routines

P.~e

.SBTTl Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Code

2
3
4
5
6
7

'START is the powerup inilialzalion routine. which is executed after toe
diagnostics are cotPleted.
;--

9 136660
10 136662
11 136666
12 136670
13 136672
14 136676
15 136704
16 136712
17 136720
18 136726
19 136734
20 136742
21 136750
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 136752
32 136756
33 136762
34 136766
35
36 136774
37 137000
38

005000
012701
005020
077102
010537
012737
112737
112767
012737
012737
012737
012737
000402

SSTART: :ClR
IIOV
ll:
CLR

014000

SOB
007726
007400
000050
000116
135676
135676
000340
007320

MOV
MOV
MOVB
MOVB
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
BR

007746
007710
050544
007702
000024
000026
007462

;clear RAM frol 0 to 27777
RO
t14000,RI
(ROlt
R1,1$
RS,@tSPCLBf
jput PDwer-up error code on LEDs
tSCRPAD,PUSP iset IJP user slack pointer
tOSO,UCOHfL6 ;set default baud rales
t116,1F8251
iset d,rault value for 8251 lode byte
tSNULLI,@tUSERVSiinilialize user's interrupt vector
IINULLI,@t24
ipf point~ at null
t340,Pt26
tTBlTOP,@tTBLBOTiinitialize e.pt~ syabol table
idon't clear error display
IHALTH

Ht
SHAlT is the routine invoked b'=l the HALT button, the HALT L line on the
board, and the HALT instruction. It saves the processor re!listHs imd the
contents of USERIV and KEYPIV if a user PfO!!ral was r·unnin~, It also

Perforls a bus reset and reinitialization of peripheral chips before
invokins the ke~pad lonitor.

;-005037
004767
004767
042737

SHAlT:: CLR
007726
JSR
000022
176110
JSR
177377 007706
BIC

004767 176224
000167 000564

JSR
JltP

@tSPCLBf
;C'lear error code on LEDs, if ans
;save context and fix user SP
PC,UCSAVE
;assert RESET line and reinitialize ports
PCdOINIT
tI77377,@lfLAGSI;reset oede, set " •••d ' ....nd .ntr.
Heave F".BRKA so breakpoints will be relaved
;Iilte sure interrupt vectors aren't dalaged
PC , JOVECI
IKONIT
;enter IGnitor

A-33

T-l1 Evaluation Module Monitor !\ACRO V05, 00 Sunday 13-Har-S3 04:10 Pa!ie 28
Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Code
2
3
4
5
6
7 137004
S 137010
9 137016
10 137020
II 137024
12 137030
13 137036
14 137042
15 137046
16 137052
17 137056
IS 137062
19 137066
20 137072
21 137100
22 137106
23 137112
24

UCSAVE saves the processor resisters and the contents of USERIV and KEYPIV
if a user ?ro~raa was running. It also initializes the lonitor stack.
j--

012637
032737
001433
012637
112637
042737
010637
010037
010137
010237
010337
010437
010537
013737
042737
012706
000207

007460
UCSAVE: : HOV
000100 007706
BIT
BED
007750
ItO\I
007752
HO\'B
177400 007752
BIC
007746
HOV
007732
HOV
HOV
007734
007736
HOV
007740
HOV
007742
HOV
007744
HOV
007676 007700
HOV
000100 007706
SIC
007460
u:
HOV
RTS

(SP}+,~tSTACK-2

;Iove return address to lonitor stack

If .USER,@tFLAGSlirunniM user code?

If
(SPltr@tlPC
(SPII,@I$PS

;no
;~es, save user context, startiM with PC
iPS next
jprevent sisn extension
ifh: and save stack pointer
isa"e RO,
iRl,
jR2,

t17740MtlPS
SP.@tlSP
Ro,@tIRO
RIo@tlRI
R2,!lIR2
jR3,
R3.@lIR3
R4,@tlR4
iR4, and
;R5
R5,@tIR5
@IKEYPIV,@IKEYPVS
iSive user ~e~?ress vector

tF .USER,@tFLAGSUshow that user context has been saved
tSTACK-2,SP
;so to lonitor stac~
iand return to call ins routine in lonitor
PC

26
27
2B
29
30
31
32 137114
33 137120
34 137124
35 137130
36 137136
37 137144
38 137152
39 137156
40 137162
41 137166
42 137172
43

H+
BREAK is the console break interrupt service routine. It is sililar to HALT
except that it does not invoke the ke!:IPad looitor if the console lonitor lola::·
runniOS preYiousl~. The host .ode is terlinated b~ BREAK.
;-005737
004767
004767
042737
012737
142737
113700
052700
010037
012700
000466

177562
BREAK:: TST
177660
JSR
175746
JSR
035377 00770b
BIC
133000 OOOObO
HDV
000007 007710
BICB
007710
HOVB
BIS
000002
HDV
177564
000001
HOV
BR

iacknowledse interrupt
;save user contexl
iassert RESET line and reinilialize ports
t035377,@tFLAGS1;initialize .onilor ~odes
tLlNEIN,@tCOHIN ihook UP console input service routine
t007,nCONFLG iclear console line fla~s (but not speed)
@tCDNFLG,RO
;!:let current baud rate
;enable pro.!!. baud rate, disable x_it interrupt
tOOOOOZoRO
itransfer control word to console port
RO,UCIXCSR
; indicate cor.sole break service
tloRO
;!iO to fatal error harldler t.o reenter lonitor
FERROO

@tCIRBUF
PC , UCSAVE
PC,IDINlT

A-34

T-IJ Evaluation Hodule Honitor HACRD VOS.OO Sundo, 13-Har-83 04:10 Page 29
Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Code
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 137174 106427 000340
11 137200 004767 177600
12 137204 032737 001000 007706
13
14 137212 001405
15 137214 042737 001000 007706
16 137222 000167 002466
17
18 137226 032737 000200 00770.
19 137234 001155
20 137236 032737 000400 007706
21 137244 001430
2213m6 013701 007750
23 137252 00S741
24 137254 012700 007760
25 137260 012702 000004
26 137264 022001
27 137266 001403
28 137270 OOS720
29 137272 077204
30 137274 000414
31
32 13727.\ 052737 020000 007706
33 137304 010137 007750
34 137310 052737 001000 00770.
35 137316 032737 002000 007706
36 137324 001521
37 137326 012700 000002
3B 137332 000406
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46 137334 106427 000340
47 137340 004767 177440
4B 137344 012700 000003
49

BRkPT is the break?oint service routine. If invoked ftol a user proSra., the
processor context is 5av~d. It invoked in response to a lanitor breakpoint
rather than a sin~le step or user breakpoint, the PC value saved frol the
previous context is adjusted to point to the location which contained the
.ani tar breakpoint.
j--

BRKPT:: ttTf'S

JSR
9IT
BEQ

DIe
JHP

2.:

BIT
BHE
BIT
SEQ
lffiV

lSI
HOV

IIOV

4.:

cHI'
BEQ

lSI

$ItOOIT
;':Ies, so not a brea~.point--entet lonitor
'F.BRKA,@'FlAGSl;arf breakpoints installed?
ino--user prosra, contairls BRK, so si!:lnal error
SI
UIPC,RI
;!iet user PC
-(RIl
;back. UP to BRK instruction
tBRKFIl,RO
jindex breakpoint file
'4,R2
ifour entries in file
(!ffiH,RI
idid we in fact encounter a br~akpaint?
3$
;yes, so adjust PC, flO error 1E!5S<lSe
(ROH
;advance to next entry

R2,41
5$

'F.TBAS,@'FlAGS1;snow we need to print break point lessaSe

I10V
SIS

BIT
BEQ

5':

.F. SSTo@tFlAGSI ;are we single steppins~

SOD

3.:

;disable interrupts in case vl!'ctor is dalased
;save user context
.F.BRKG,'.FLAGSl;.re we sinsle stepp ins through a break
;I>oint
;00, so cnec~, if siM:le ster> or new breakpoint
21
.f .BRkG,PtFlAGS1;reset condition
$60
iif6tall breakpoints and reSUle execution
t340
PC , UCSAVE

I10V

Rl,U$PC

,r,a lalch--prosralt contains BRK".sisnal error
;fix PC

tF.ItRKG,@tFlAGS1;show ~e need to siMle step
tF,K£YP,~.FlAGSl;no lessaSe if in ke~pad lode
IlIONlT
;so just enter .ani tor
42,RO
hndicate breah-oint serlJice
FERROR
;90 to fatal error handler to reerlter "'Dnitor

itt

ITRAP is the ille9al instruction trap routine. If a user prosral was runniMr
the ~I'ocessor conte>:t is saved ~fore invokiM tht' lonitor.
i-!TRAP:: "IPS
JSR

"0'1

t340
PC,UCSAVE
t3,RO

A-35

idisable interrupts in case vector is oalased
;save user context
;indicate invalid instruction t~aP

T-11 Ev.lu.<ion Kodul. ~oni<or HACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Ha,-83 04:10 P••• 30
Error Condition and Startup Entr~ Co~e
1
2
3

itt

FERROR signals ~rrors for the abovE' routines and others in the ke~pad lonitor.
If the ~e~pad lonitor is running, the errors are displayed on the LEDs. For

5
6
7
8 137350
9 l37352
10 137356
11 137360
12 137362
13 137370
14 137372
15 137376
16 137402
17 137406
18 137412
19
20 137414
21 137422
22
23 137424
24 137426
25 137430
26 1J7432
27
28 137434
137442
29 1J7416
30 137450
137456
137464
31 137470
32 137472
1J7500
13750b
137514
33 137520
3~ 137522
137530
137:;3b
35 137540
36
37 1J7542
38 137544
39 13754b
40 137:;50
41 137:;52
42 137554
~3

the console lonitor, the error lessages are displayed on the console.

;-RO'-{SP)
PC.I(JIlECT
(SP)/,RO
RO

2.:

HOV
JSR
J5R
CLR
BR

;save error number
;Ial:.e sure tnterrUf't veetors. aren't daaaged
;ge.t error nu,ber
iturn it into an index
tF.KElP,ftFlAGSl;are we in keypad lode1
hwsr 50 1"10 console lessase
11
FNESAG-2(RO),R2 ;start address of selected lessa§e
;send <CR> <IF>
PC.CRLF
;print radix-50 .essaS!
PC.PRINT
@liP
;Iake sure nothing lett in btjtfer
IHONIT

016037 137542 007726 1$:
000462

HOV
DR

FERCHR(RO),@tSPCL8F
IHONIT

01004.
00~767

17S646

012600
006300
032737 002000 007706
001411
016002 137422
00~767
00~767

FERROR: :HOV
JSR
HOV
ASl

BED

17~122

174360
005037 007630
000466

137434
137450
137472
137522

FHESAG: : •WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD

012446
070511
000000
007525
055240
076732
000000
035206

074444 017502 FHE5GI: .RADSO !CONSOLE BREAK/

163
124
163
006

;~ointers to error lessases

0~2300

•WORD 0
003770 0631~1 FNESG2: •RAD50 IBREAK POINT ENCOUHTERED/
020563 060426
0177~0

•WORD
004051 01~411 FHESG3: •RA050
05521~ 071713 077167
053605 054007 102604
021025 014400
000000
•WORD
035206 004051 014423 FNESG4: .RAD50
076453 042320 057466
076732
.WORD
000000
120

FHESGI
FHESG2
FHESG3
FHESG4

;?ut two character error code on LEDs

076
071
174
006
155
174

FERCHR: : •BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE

.BYTE
•BYTE
•BYTE
.EVEN

0
!INVALIO INSTRUCTION ENCOUNTERED!

0
!INVALID STACK POINTER/
0
120.076
174.071
163>174
124.006
163.155
0(16,174

A-36

;r,U (Ur Error)
jb,C (Cb Error)
jp,b (bP Error)
;n,I (In Error)
;P,S (SP Error)
;l,b (hI Error)

T-ll Ev.lu.tion Hodul. Honitor HACRO V05.00 5ond •• 13-M.r-83 0~:10 P••• 31
Errol' CMditior. and Startup Entr~ Code

1
2 /
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 137556
11 137560
12 117564
13 137570
14 137576
15 m600
16 137604
17 137610
18 137612
lY 137614
20 137620
21 137622
22137m
23 137626
2~ 137630
25 137634
26 1376~2
27 1376~4
28 137650
29 13765~
30
31 137662
32 137670
33 137672

if+
HOHITl is the looitor enlrv point to be used for nOflal eXIt frol user
prO!lrals. The PTOCI?t;;SOr context is saved, except for the PC, which retair,s
its previous value so that the ('rosral can be rlJn asain. .HOHlT is th,

entr':j point used blJ lanitor routines after the processor contei~t has ~eerJ

saved.

;-HOHlT! : : HFPS
007750
IIOV
004767 177214
JSR
032737 000400 007706 IHONIT: :m
BEQ
001~26
012700 000014
HOV
016001 007760
3$:
IIOV
00H04
BEO
005720
TST
016011 007760
HOV
0057~0
TST
024040
4$:
ClU'
005700
1ST
BPL
100366
01370~ 007750
HOV
032737 020000 007706
BIT
001404
BEO
004767 015400
JSR
004767 015314
JSR
042737 030400 007706 2S!
BIC

-(SP)
jpush PS, PC like frol a traf
PUf'C.-ISP)
;but k.eep P1'£IviOU5 USEr PC value
;save user conte~t
PC.UCSAVE
tF .BRt;A,@tFlAGS1;breakpoints current!':j installed?
;no
21
j index last breakpoint address
.014.RO
BRKFILlRO) .Rl ;set breakpoint address
ithis breakpoint is not defined
41
;point to previous contents
IROlt
BRKFILIRO) dRll i r~stor~ contents at bf@ab'oint
-(RO)
;90 bac~ to address
-IRO)'-(RO)
;bad,!J" to next address
RO
31
ido four entries
;~Dint to next location
UIPC.R4
IF •TS~S"tFL~GS1isee if we should print leSSese
ibranch it not
21
it'::Jpe address
PC.TYPADR
PC. TYPLOI
idisasselbb next ir!struction
.F •BRM!F •APPL +F •TeAS. PftLAGSI j indicate breahoints reloved

032737 002000 007706
001402
000167 003026

tF.KElP.~.FtAGS1;k.".d lod,?

106746

0137~6

;and enable break on ~c

BIT
BED
JHP

11
CHONlT

JHP

KHONIT

.REPT
•BYTE
.ENDR

<140000-.>
0

35 137676 000167 000276

1$:

J6
37
38
39

000076

A-37

i!les, 90 to ~,e!lpad lonitor
;and So to console lonitor

T-11 [yaluation "odol. ~onitor HACRO Va5.00 Sunday 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pa!. 32
Error Condition and Startup Entry Code
I

.StTTl Entry POInts

2
3
4

MONITOR ENTRY POINTS:

5
I>
7

;--

8 140000 00011>7 015330

START:: J"F'

CIA.NO

,do dia~nostics, then initialize lonitor

RSTART::JKP

$HAlT

;HALT Instructions and halt line vector
;save context arid restart lorlitor

ItONITR: :JHP

ItONITI

;standard lorlitor entry (no error condition)

10 140004 000167 171>742
11
12
13 140010 000167 177542

ifrol user pro~raltJ save conte::! anlj rellGve

14
IS

;breakpoints

11>
17

IS
19

;--

KEYPAD/lED UTILITY ENTRY POINTS:

20
21 140014 000167 175752
22
23
24
2S
21>
27 140020 00011>7 176012

DGDISP: :JHP

DSPDlG

in R2 as i 6 di~it vetal valti@
iin the uPP@r row of LEDs. Returns 15 in R1
;and 9arbag~ in ROt

;Displa~ nUib@r

UPDISP:: JtlP

29
30
31 140024 00011>7 176014
32

;Displa~ oUiber

io R2 as a 6 digit octal value
;in the lower row ot LEOs. Returns 14 in Rl
iand gatbage in RO.

34
35 140030
36
37
38
39
40
41 140034
42
43
44 140040
45
46
47 140044
48
49
50 140050
51

00011>7 176332

nu.ber in RO oits 3 to 0 as a h~x
;di9it at LED position indexed b~ RI.
jRl=12,lO,06,04,02,OO -. lower displa~ di~its
IRl=13,11,07,05,03,Ol -- u?per display dl~it5
iR& bits 15 to 4 ar~ clear~d, 2 is add~d to Rl
;nispla~

OECDSP: :.lKP

00011>7 171>304

DSPlJEC

;Displi~ nUiber in R1 as a 5 digit deci.al
;value an the row of tEVs indexed b~ R2.
iR2 = 010 for the lower row, 011 for the upper
iReturns zero io Rt an1 R3, and sarbage in RO
;aod R2.

BlNKHI

jBla~

the upper row at lEDs. Returns zero in
iRO and garbase in Rl.

000167 176272

lOBlNK:: JKP

BlNKlO

;Blank the lower row of LEDs, ReliJtr1s zero in
jRO and sarbase in Ri.

000167 176366

GETKEY: :JI'IP

KHGtT

;Turn on lEDs and wait for a keypress, Return

,key nu.ber in R1. Modifies KEYPIV.
000167 176440

BCDKEY: : J"F'

mBCD

iTranslate ke~ nu.ber in R1 to a FCD value for
,keys 0 to 9, 012 for the ~lR k~, 013 for the
iEX/ENTR ley, and -1 for all other ke~s.

NU!!GET

jDispla~ nu.bet in R2 as an octal value on the

53
54 140054 000167 176466

ilower row at lED~, Activate keypad and allow
iuser to .odif~ the value in R2 with the keys
;0 through 7 and CLR. Return the value in R2,

56
57

A-38

T-II Ev.luation Kodol. Monito, NACRO V05.00 Sundi. IJ-K.,-BJ 04:10 P.s. 32-1
EntMl Points

;changed or not, when user presses EXA. Uses
iR2, Rl, and RO.

A-39

T-ll Evaluation Hodule Honitor

~O VOS.OO

Sundas 13-Hor-83 0~:10

Pa~ 33

Entr':! Points
1

2
3

iff

4
5
6 140060 000167
7
B

;--

CONSOLE LINE UTILITY ENTRY POINTS:
OOOIO~

Jill'

mBP

,f'rolPl ror a line frol the console. Rl!turn
jt~e line in BUFFER with Rl cleared.

9 I~0064 000167 173346
10
11 140070 000167 173222
12
13

JHP

GHBP

;Transfer the back pointer (BP) to R3.

JHP

ilETCH

,RetrIeve character indexed b':l R3 fro. BUFfER.
;Returns character in RO, R3 incfe.ented b~ 1.
;Returns H set if character is a separator,
,e set it it is lower case.

JHP

GmCH

;RetrIeve character indexed b':l <R3 - 1; frot

14
15

16 1~007~ 000167 173306
17
18
19 1~0100 000167 173306
20
21
22
23 1~010~ 000167 173316
24
25
26
27

iBUfFER.

JHP

GETCHC

Ret\lrns sale as GETCH.

,Retrieve character ir.dexed b':l R3 frolll BUFFER

;without toldiM lower case. Returns chitr~cter
fin RO, and R3 incre.ented by 1.
Jill'

GETNXT

;Retrieve next character which is not a
;s@parator frOi BUFFER starliM at loc6tion
i indexed ~y R3. R£lturns character irt RO with
jlower C65e folded, RJ indexes next character
iin BUffER.

JHP

PURGE

jElilinate BUFFER contents below location

29 140110 000167 17333~
30
31
32 140114 000167 174022
33

iir.dexed b':I BP.

JHP

ECHO

iEcho contents of BUFFER to the console
;startifl9' with location inde:.eed by R3. Returns
.R3 indexing BUfFER location Just be!lona last
iechaed character.

Jill'

CRlF

;Send a carriage return 6M lirte feed to the
;consol@ (and printer).

JHP

CHROUT

jSend a (pair of) character(s) to the console
j(and printer). Character to be sent should
jbe in lower byte of RO. If uPper b~te at RO
Hs non-zero, it will be sent as c; secortd
;character,

JHP

CHROI

iSend a sinSl£! character tro. the lower byte
iof RO to the console (and printer). Retutrls
iRO with its b'::lle swapped.

JHP

CHR02

.Send a sinsl! character froa the lower byte
jof RO to the printer (aux. port) onl!!,
;Returns RO with its bytes swapped.

mOOT

iOutput an ASCII character in the lower 7 bits
iof RO as a ~isible (string ot) character{s)
;on th~ ('onsole. Control characters are outF-ut
;as "<letter>, wi th exc(lptiorrs <SP) ,{ESO, (DEL.;

35
36
37 140120 000167 173400
38
39
40 1~0124 000167 173400
41
42
43
4~

46 1~0130 000167 173404
47
48
49
50 140134 000167 17341~
51
52
53
5~ I~OI~O

000167 173462

55
56
57

A-40

1-11 E.,lootion Kodul. Kooilor

~O VO~.OO

Sund•• 13-K.,-B' 04:10 P••• 33-1

Points

Entl'~

59 140144 000167 173604
60
61
62
63
64

JKP

PARSlN. AND OUTPUI UTILITY ENTRY POINIS:
;-~

JNP

GmXp

JNP

GENEXP

72 140160 000167 014560
73

JKP

TYPOC!

74 140164 000167 014470
75
76 140170 005037 oomo
77 140174 000167 173040
79

JKP

TYPDEC

69 140150 000167 004346
69

70 140154 000167 00m2

;Output a striM of bl:ltes to the C'onsol~ (and
;printer). Rl points to start of strin3, which
;.ust end with a blank b~te. R@turns Rl
;pointing to b~te just after blank b~te,

66
67

PRIN!A

F1XW: ClR
..IIIP

ftBp

GETLIN

A-41

T-ll Evaluation Module Konitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-Har-83 0.:10 Pa •• 3.
Entr'3 Points

2
3
4 140200
5 140206
6 140214
7 140222
8 140230
9 140234
10 1.0236
11 140242
12 1.0246
13 140250
14 140254
15 140262
16 140264
17 140272
18 140276
19 140300
20 140302
21
22 140306
23 140314
24 140322
25 140326
26
27
28 140330
29 140334
30 140340
31 140344
32 140352
33 140354
34
35 140360
36 140362
37 140364
3B 140366
39 140370
40 140372
41 1.0374
42 140376
43 140400
44 140402
45 140404
46 140406
47 140410
48 140412
49 140414
50 140416
51 140420
52 140422
53 140424
54 140426

.SBTTl Keypad Monitor
042737
042737
042737
052737
012704
010402
004767
013705
010502
004767
032737
001411
042737
013702
001403
011202
004767

000077
000001
000001
000010
000007
175650
007750
175570
000200

007706 KMOHn::m
BIC
007756
007754
BIC
BIS
007706
MOV
MOV
JSR
HOV
MOV
JSR
007706
BIT

t000077,@tFlAGSHol.ar .,.vio'JS IOd.
illa""e current a.ddress and watchpoint even
11,@tlADDR
iin case we ca~e frol console lonitor
It.U$WATCH

tF.REG,@tFlAGSl iset reSister select ~ade
; inde}: PC
iset UP to displa~ • PC • on IJfo'Fer LEDs
idispla':! it
@:J$PC,R5
iget PC contents
;s~t Ufo' to displa~ on lower LEDs
R5,R2
PC,[lSPlNH
;displa'~ it
tF.SST ,@.FLAGS1 iwere we sinsle stepf'ing?

t007,R4
R',R2
PC,DSPNAM

8ED
HOV
JSR

;no
KlOOP
IF. SST,@tFlAGSI ;clear condition
@tlWATCH,R2
iis there a watchf'oint?
ina
KlOOP
@R2,F:2
;~et watchf'oint contents
idispla'::l watchpoint contents in upper dis?la':!
PC,DSPUHH

012737 140330 007676 KlOOP:: HOV
HOVB
112737 000007 177444
HIPS
106427 000240
1$:
BR
000777

tKEYCHD,etKEYPIVi link coalsnd input routine to kp,:!press vector
lOOMmpORC Hurn on LED displa':!
ienable LED displa~ interrupt
1240
iwait for ~e'::lpress, ke'::l code returns in Rl
a

8£0

000200 007706
007754

175530

BIC
HO\I

005037
012706
005037
112737
006301
000171

KEYCHD: :ClR
007676
HOV
007462
ClR
007726
000010 177444 KEYCH1: :HOV8
ASl
JHP
140360

141110
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
140430
141122
140430
140430
140430
141232
141372
141610
141550
141706
141714
141462
141650

DSPTBL: : •WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORn
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORlt

mEYPIV
ISTACK,SP
PlSPCl8F
tOl0,PtP$PORC
RI
@DSPTBUR!)

idisconnect ke':lpress vector
;PO? saved reSisters and return vector
Hurn off flashing error, if an!:!
iturn off LED dis?la~ for faster ev.ecutior!
;Ia~.e a word indei: of Rl
ldis?atch to appropriate routine

IClR
$NUHER
ItIUHER
$NUHER
$NUHER
IHUHER
$HUltER
$HUIIER
IEXAM
IHOHER
INUMER
$HUMER
IADV
IBACK
IREG
IADDRK
$SST
IGO
$BRKP
$FUHC

;[clR)
i[ 1 )
i[ 4 )
i[ 7 1
i[ 0 I
.PC 2 J
;[ 5 ]
H 8 I
i[EXAI
i[ 3 )
i[ 6 )
i[ 9 )
HAW)
i[BACI

A-42

;[REG)

HADD)
aSSTl
;[GO )
i [8PTl
HFHC)

T-11 Evaluation Module Morlitor KACRO VOS. 00 5uod.. 13-Ilar-83 04:10
Ke~pad Monitor
I
2
3
4 140m
5140431
6 140436
7 140444
B 14044t
9 140452
10 140454
11 140460
12 140462
13 140470
14 1404n
15 140500
16 140502
17 140504
18 140512
19 140520
20 140522
21 140530
22 140532
23 140534
24 140536
25 140540
26
27
28 140542
29 140550
30 140552
31 140554
32
33 140560
3~ 140566
35 140570
36 140574
37 140602
3S
39 140606
40 140614
41 140616
~2 140622
43 140626
~4 140630
45
46 140634
47 140642
4B 140644
49 140650
50 140652
51 14065~
52 140660
53 140662
54
55 140666
56 140672
57 140676

Pa~. 35

.SBTTL Ke~ COlland Routines
006201
004767
032737
001403
020127
101315
032701
001404
032737
001lO6
032737
001001
005005
052737
032737
001004
042737
006305
006305
006:ro5
006305
060105

IHUlIER I IA5R
J5R
BIT
FEQ
CMf
BHI
4$:
BIT
BEQ
007706
III
BNE
007706 nl
BIT
SHE
ClR
BIS
007706 311
007706
BIT
BHE
BIC
007706
ASL
2$:
ASl
ASL
A5l
ADD

176056
000040 007706
000004
000010
000005
000002
000002
000005
000002

032737 000005 007706 DIGEXEIIBIT
001511
BEO
010502
MOV
004767 175264
JSR

; restaTe ke!l nU!IIber
RI
PC,KEYFCD
;set BCll vallie for ke~ code
IF .FUNC,~tFLAGSl fis disit a functiorl selectiorl?
41
rno
lis disit higher than 4?
Rlot004
;~esl ignore digit
IQOOP
tOOO010,Rl
iis it S or 9'?
1no, a legal octal digit
11
tF .DATMF ,AD£lR,@JFLAGSl ino 8 or 9 as data or address inf'IJt
ilgnore thel if pressed
KlOOP
IF .CHAr+,@tFlAGSHhas a digit b?!:l alread':l been fressed?
i!:les, Just scroll digits HI
31
;else initialize digit accIJlIIlJlator
R5
tF.CHAN,@IFLAGSliindicate that a digit has been pressed
tF.DATA+F ,ADDR,@JFLAGSI ;address and dala efllr~ scroll digits
21
IF .CHAlh@IHAGSHothers have sinsle digit enlrs
;prepare for fourth bit (light be e or 9)
R5
iscroll disil into RS (digit accululalorl
R5
R5
R5
~loR5

iNow do executiort associated with digit input
jClear ke~ Joins us here
tF.DATA+F'.ADDR,@tFlAGSl iJust displa!:l new data or address
it~r others, do sF-ecial disF'la% instead
11
;get flew value
RS,R2
pe,DSPlNM
iand displa~ on lower LEDs

BIT
BHE
MOV
BIC
JHP

tF,DATA,@IFLAGSHfor addresses, store ifl SADDR
21
R5,@UADDR
tl,@IIADDR
i.ake sure address is everl
;tak.e anolher ke!:l
KlOOPI

032737 000004 007706 2$:
001407
013700 007756
00~767 001330
010510
000167 000334

BIT
BEQ
"DV
JSR
KOV
JHP

tF .ADDR,@tFLAGSHbIJl data can 30 Klan~ places-are we pokins RAM?
ino
31
@UADDR,RO
;!::I!e5, !lel a cop!:! of current address
;check that it is not in protected RAM
PC,KAMCH
RS,@RO
iplace dala at current address
;take another ke':>
KlOOPI

032737
001420
020427
101006
006304
010564
006204
000167

BIT
BEQ
CHP
BKI
ASl
MV
ASR
JKP

tF.REG,@tFlAGSI icham!ins re:fislers or watchpoint cOfltents?
iflo
41
idoes R4 ir,dex a resister (O loru 7 and F'S)?
R4,tOOO010
;no (R4 should b. 0000111
51
il:ake it a word lnde}:
R4
R5,IRO(R~1
;and place data in user re-~ister
j f@store R4
R4
;lake another ~e!:l
KLOOPI

KDV
JSR
HOV

@IIIHHCH,RO
PC,KAMCH
R5,@RO

032737
001007
010537
042737
000167

000001 007706
007756
000001 007756
000362

000010 007706 3$:
000010
007732
000302

013700 007754
004707 001260
010510

~$:

A-43

iassulf R4 indexes watchpoint contents
icheck that it is not in protected RAM
idef'osil data into watchpoint location

T-11 Evaluation Hodul. ""nito, HACRO V05.00 Sood,y 13-Har-B3 04110

Pa~. 35-1

Ke~ COliand Routi~

58 140700
59
60 140704
61 140712
62 140714
63 140720
64 140722
65140m
66 140730
67 140732
6B 140734
69 140740
70 140746
71 140750
72 140752
73 140756
74 140762
75 140770
76
77 140774
7B 141002
79 141004
BO 141006
81 141012
82 141016
83
84 141022
as 141030
B6 141032
B7 141034
sa 141040
89 141042
90 141044
91 141050
92 141052
93 141056
94 1~1060
95 141062
96 141066
97
9S 141072
99 141076
100 141102
101 141106
102
103
104 141110
105 141112
106 141120
107
lOB
109
110 141122
111 141130
112 141132
113 141136
114 141142

;lake another ke~

000167 000264

JHP

KlOOPI

032737 000020 007706 4$:
001526
020427 000014
103416
020427 000017
101013
006304
006304
1001:
010564 007700
042764 000001 007700
006204
006204
000167 000212
6$:
010537 007754
042737 000001 007754
000167 000174

BIT
8£0
CHP
BlO
CHP

tF.BRKS,@tFLAGSl;chanSins breakpoint or watchpoint address?
;no, isnore (stranSe! that was a satet~ check)
KlOOf>I
;R4 indexinS a breakpoint?
R4,IOOOO14

032737
001407
010100
012701
004767
000167
032737
001457
010504
020427
001414
010402
004767
006304
016405
006204
010502
004767
000167

000040 007706

1$:

000004
174754
OOOHb
000010 007706 7S ~

ASL
ASl
HOV
BIC
ASR
ASR
JHP
HOV
BIC
JHP

BIT
8£0
HOV
HOV
JSR
JHP

IF,FUNC,ftFlAGS1;are we enterinS a function code?

BIT
BEO
HOV
BEQ
HOV
JSR
ASl
HOV
ASR
HOV
JSR
JHP

tF.RES,@tFLAGSl ibe sure we are selectins a reiister
;else isnore ke~
KLOOP1
R5,R4
;save selected resister nUlber
;are watchpoint contents selected?
R4,tOOOOIl
;Yes, do special displa~
BI
R4,R2
;disf'la:l register's nale on upper LEDs
PC,DSPHAH
;.ake a word index
R4
;set resister's contents
IROIR4lrR5
R4
R5,R2
;displa~ on lower LEDs
PC , DSPlNH
,take another ke~
KlOOPI

HOV
JSR
HOV
BR

@IIWATCH,R2
PC,DSPUNH
!IWATCH,R5
91

CHP

000011

175042
007732
9S:

174756
000076

013702 007754
004767 174734
017705 046646
000764

BIll

as:

;no, it's not
61
R4,IOOOOI7
;1\0, it's not
61
i.ike an index for word pairs
R4
R4
;p}ace data in breakpoint address file
RS,IRKFIl-060IR4)
juk.e breakpoint address ellen
t1,BRKFIL-060IR4)
R4
R4
;tak.e another ke~
KlOOPI
R5,@IIWATCH
;assule R4 indexes watc~oint address
t1,@t\WATCH
;Iake watchpoint address even
ilake another ke~
KlOOPI

SCLR:: ClR
005005
BIC
042737 000002 007706
000610
DR

7\
RIrRO
t4,R1
PC,DSPDIG
KUJOP1

ino, lust be enteriM a resister nUlber
; set new digit
iindex a lower displa~ digit
idisplas nev disit
,tak@ another key

,set watchPoint address
;show it on upper displa~
;set watchpoint contents

;clear disit accuaulator
R5
tF tCHAN,@tFLAGSHin case of sinsle disi t lode
DIGEXE

.[NAil LSB
032737
001421
013702
004767
017705

000004 007706 IEXAH:: BIT
BEO
HOV
007756
JSR
174674
HOV
046610

tF.ADDR,!tFlAGS1;exa.inin~ RAH?

;no

~IIADDR,R2

;set current address
;show it on upper displas
;!let contents

PC, DSPIiIlt
IfADIIR,RS

A-44

I-II Evaluation Modulo "onitor ItACRO 1105, 00 SundalI 1J-",r-B3 04:10 Pase 35-2
Kew Co..and Routine§
115 WI%
116 14lISO
117 1~1IS4
liB 141162
119 1~1I70
120
121 141174
122 141202
123 HI20~
12~ 141206
125 141210
126
127 141212
128 141220

GNEXAH: atov
010S02
004767 17~670
JSR
OS27J7 000001 007706
BIS
0~2737 000002 007706
BIC
KLOOPJ: JHP
000167 177112
032737 000010 007706
001.03
00S70!
100357
100767

BIT
BED
1ST

BPl
l1li1

032737 0000-10 007706 21:
001763
129 141m 005705
130 141224 100761
111 141226 000167 000774
132
133

;general eXiline ent~ point
R5,R2
;shov it on lower displa~
PC, DSPlNM
Ir,DAIA.@lrLAGSI;so to data ent .. lode
IF,CHAN,@IFLAGSI;indic.to no chanS •••t
;take another ke~
KLOOP

tF.REG,@tFlAGSl ;exalinin9 a retister?
R~

;no
,R4 initialized to -1 bw SREG

Gl£XAH
KLOOf'I

;Contents F!Jt in RS b'J D:tGE.XE
jisnore EXA", lake user push a di~it first

If,FUHC.@IFLAGSI; ••ecutions sPeCial fUnction'
lisnor, all other occur~nces ot EXAM
KLIO'I
R5
;RS initializ.d t. -1 b. tFUNC
Hinore EXAM, late user push a ~igit first
KLIXPI
Bltl
;execute special function
OOfUHC
JItP
,DSABl LSB

BIT

BED
lSI

13~

135
136 141232 032737 000004 007706
137 141240 001405
138 141242 005237 007756
119 1412~6 005237 007756
140 141252 000723
141
142 141254 032737 000010 007706
143 141262 001425
144 141264 OOS20~
145 141266 020427 000011
146 141272 103·411
147 141274 012704 000011
148 141300 013702 007754
149 141304 004767 174526
ISO 141310 017705 0%440
151 141314 000714
152
153 141316 010402
154 141320 004767 174566
ISS 141324 oo63~
156 141326 016405 007732
157 141332 00620~
158 141334 000704
159
160 141J36 032737 000020 007706
161 141344 001711
162 1413~6 005204
163 141350 020427 000012
164 141354 001001
165 14135o! 005724
166 141360 020427 000017
167 141364 101440
168 141366 005304
169 141370 000436
170
171

,ENABI.
tADV:: BIT
BEQ
INC
INC

BIT
SEQ
INC
ClIP
BLO
IIlV

"O'J

;.0 to next word

IF,REG,@IFlAGSI ;ste•• inS thrOUih r.Sist.rs?
;na
2.
; r.~ister index
R4
idon't step past watchpoint contents
R4ot000011
3$

1000011,R4
,.tIMICH,R2

ItO\I

@.IMTCH,RS
GNEXAH

ItOV
AS!.
ItOV

ASR
BR

BIT
BEQ
INC
CHI'
SHE

4$:

;no

PC,DSP~"

JSR

21:

mADDR
mADDR
.EXAM

JSR
BR

31:

LSB
IF,ADDR,@IfLAGSI;stoPpins thrOUih addr.ss.s'

TSI
CM

BLOS
DEC
DR

R4.R2
PC.DSPNM
R4
SRO(R4IoRS
R4
GHEXAH

;select watohPoint oontonts

watchPoint address
ishow it on opfer displa~
; set uatclwoint contents'
;~et

;displil~ re!lister/~

nate or. upper LEDs

;Iilke iI word ind.~

;set re~ister contents

tF.BRKS,ltFlAGSlist.ppiRS thro~h br.akpoints~

KLOOPI

ina, i~nore advance

R4
R4,tOOoo12
4.

iincrelent breakpoint index
ida SPtCial inCf@lent P3tt~tn

(R4H
R4.tOOOO17
BRKPI
R4
BRKPI

A-45

i'ilke breakpoint displa~

T-II Evaluation Kodul. "-nitor HACRO V05.OO Sood•• 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa •• 35-3
Key CaMand Routines

In 141372
173 141400
174 141402
175 141406
176 141412

tr.ADDR,@tFlA6S1isteppin~ throuSh addresses?

032737 000004 007706 tBACK:: 8IT
lIED
001405
DEC
005337 007756
DEC
005337 007756
000643
DR

6t
mADDR
mADDR
tEXAH

032737 000010 007706 6$:
001404
005304
100333
005004
000731

8IT
lIED
DEC
BPL
CLR
8R

tF .R£6"tFLAGSI isteppins throuSh reSisters?
;no
7t
R4
;prevent underflow
3t
R4
;continue in lADV
3t

BIT
BED
DEC
CHP
DHIS
ItOV
DR
.DSAIL

tr.BRKS,@tFlAGSlisteppioS through brea~points?
ino, ignore backup
KLOOPI
idecreeent breakpoint index
R4
ido special decre.ent pattern
RMOOOOI4
;.ake breakpoint display
8RKPI
;index watchpoint
tOooolJ.R4
BRKPI
LSB

,no
;~o

to next word

177

178 141414
1~ 141422
180 141424
181 141426
182 141430
183 141432
184
185 141434
186 141442
lS7 141444
188 141446
189 141452
190 141454
191 141460
192
193
194
195 141462
196 141466
197 141470
198 141474
199 141500
200 141502
201 141504
202 141506
203 141512
204 141514
205 141516
206 141520
207 141524
208 H\532
209 141540
210
211 141542
212 141546
213
214
215 141550
216 141554
217 141560
218 141564
219 141566
220 141572
221 141600
222 141606
223
224
225 141610
226 141614
227 141620
22B 141624

032737 000020 007706
001652
005304
020427 000014
103005
012704 000011
000402

012704
010402
004767
020427
103420
006304
006304
016405
006204
006204
010502
004767
042737
052737
000441

000014

7S:

BIC
BIS
8R

tOOOOI4,R4
;index breaKPoint 0
,show nale of breakpoint on upper displa!::l
R4,R2
Pc.oSPNAH
;indexing watchpoint or a breakpoint?
R4,tOOOOI4
;the watchpoint
It
;Iake an index tor word pairs
R4
R4
BRKFIL-060(R4),RS
;set breakPoint address
R4
R4
;displa~ it on lower LEDs
RS,R2
PC , DSPLNH
tOO0077,PtFLAGSlicl •• r p..vio", ODd.
tF.BRKStF.DATA"tFLAGSI i ••t br,,~point and data ODd.
KLOOP2

HOV
8R

@ttWATCH,R5
2t

SBRKP:: KOV

BRKPl! HIlV

JSR

174416
000014

007700

2.:

ClIP
BLD
ASL
ASL
HIlV
ASR
ASR
ItOV
JSR

174320
000077 007706
000021 007706

013705 007754
000763

012702
004767
013705
010502
004767
042737
052737
000416

icADDRK: :HOV

012702
004767
012704
004767

000012
174332
007756
174252
000077 00770.
000004 007706

JSR
HIlV
ItOV
JSR
BIC
BIS
8R

000013
174272

fREG:: ItOV

177777

IlO\l

174506

JSR

;~tt

watchPoint address

;PfOIPt with I Addr • on upper displa~
t012,R2
PC,DSPNAH
@UADDR,R5
;get pre~ious address
;show it on lower display
R5,R2
pe,DSPLNN
tOOOO77,@tFLAGSliclear previous lOde
tF.ADDR,@tFlAGS1;set current address entry lode
KLDOP2

t013,R2
PC , DSl'NAK
t-hR4
PC , BLJI(LO

A-46

;prolPt with'

rEG

on uPper display

iinitialize re~ister index to illegal value
fand blank lower display

T-ll Evaluation Kodul. "-nito. MCRO Y05.OO S.nda. IJ-Ki.-83 04:10
Ke. C....nd Routin..
22'1 141630 042731 000077 007706
BIC
230 H1636 052737 000010 007706
BIS
231 141644 000167 176436
KLOOP2: J"P
232
233
234 141650 012702 000020
tFUNC:: "OV
235 141654 004767 J74232
JSR
236 141660 omos 177777
HOV
JSR
237141664 004767 174m
BIC
238 141670 041737 000077 007706
8IS
239 141676 052737 000040 007706
SR
240 141704 000757
241
242
243 141706 052737 000200 007706 $SST: : BIS

245 141714 023727 007746 007400
246 141722 101004
247 141724 023727 007746 000004
248 141732 103007
249 141734 042737 000200 007706
250 141742 012700 000004
251 141746 000167 175376
252
253 141752 013702 007736
254 141756 013703 007740
25S 141762 013704 007742
256 141766 013705 007744
2571mn 013737 007700 007676
258 142000 013706 007746
259 142004 013746 007752
260 142010 042716 000020
261 142014 032737 000200 007706
262 142022 001422
263 142024 OS2m 000020
264 142030 012737 137174 000014
265 142036 012737 000340 000016
266 142044 013700 007732
267 142050 013701 007734
26B 1420S4 013746 007750
269 142060 052737 000100 007706
270 142066 000006
271
272 142070
273 142070 032737 001000 007706
274 142076 001352
275
276 142100 012700 0017£0
277 142104 012701 000004
278 142110 013020
279 142112 077102
280 142114 012700 007760
281 142120 012701 000004
282 142124 005710
28J 142126 001405
284 142130 012730 000003
2B5 142134 005720

$GO:: eN'
tG01: : BHI
CHP
BHIS
u:
BIC

"0'1
J"P
2$;

"DY
I\0Il
~V

~V
~V

4$:
9$:

ItOV
HOY
eIC
BIT
BEQ
SIS
/tOy
I\0Il
HOIJ
ItOV
/tOV
SIS

P.~ 35-4

'OO0017,@tFlAGS1;clear preyious lode
tF.REG,@tFLAGSI ;.nd set resi.t•••• I.<t oodo
KLOOP
jprOlpt Mith • rune' on upper displaw

t020,R2

PC,DSPNAH
t-I,f/5

iinitializf iceuaulator to illesal value

PC,8lNI(LO

./and blilrd: lotlE'r' displi1~

.OOOOn,."FlAGSl klear previous lode
IF.FUNC,@tFLAGSliand .ot r.nction .elec\ lOde
KLIIIJ>2
'f.SST,@tfL~G51

;show we are sinsle stepping

msp,tSCRPIID Hs user SP in his RAH'?
;no, show error lessag!
It
@lISP,1l
;and is th@re roo. for 2 pushes?
;wes. SP is acceptable
21
tF.SST,@tFLAGSI iol.o .bort
Il,RO
;SP Error
isla to fatal error handler to reenter .anitar
FERROR
@t\R2,R2
;restore user context,
I!tlR3,R3
@IIR4,R4
@tlf/5,R5
iand user kp~press vector
mmVS,ftKEYPIY
ive're on user's stack now
I!tISP,SP
@tlPS'-(SP)
;push PS, PC like frol a traP
to20dSP)
it'lear T-bit
tF.SST,@tFLAGSI i.r. w•• inslo .toppi~?
31
ioo
;!:Ies, set T-bit
t020dSP)
;.ake sure BPT trap is still connected
tBRKPT,@toI4
134O,@l016
;finish restoring context
@"RO,RO
@tlRhRI
@tIl'C,-ISP)
;push PC

RTT

tF.USER,@tFlAGS1;show we are runnin~ user code
iand silulate return frat trap

9IT
BNE

tF.8RKG,@tFlAGS1;sinSle steppins oypr a break point
,if YeS then don't install
41

"0'1

tBRKFlL,RO
t4,Rl
@(RO)t.IROlt
Rhlool
tBRl(F1L.RO
f4,Rl
IRO)
300'
13,@(ROlt
(RO)t

3$:
SS:

100$;

ItOV
HO'I

SOB
200$:

/tOV
ItOV
lSI
BEQ
HDV
TST

A-47

;start of break point table
,foot entr'J5
;suck UP data frOi break paint locations
i

;start of break point table
;sale as last tile
;first see if there was reall!:l one set
;branch if not
;set break point
;skip to neli:t

T-Il [y.lu.tion !Odule !onit., KACRO V05.00 Suod•• 13-K.,-83 04:10 p.Se 35-5

K•• Coooood Routines
286 142136 077106
~OOS:
287 142140 ~02
288 142142 032020
300.:
m 142144 000774
290 142146 052737 000400 007706 500$:
291 142m 000725
292
293

SOB
BR

BIT
BR

BIS
BR

Rl.200$
i1'our entf'~S
500$
(RO)+' (ROll
iskip this entr~
400$
;~o back for next
IF .BRKA,HFLAGS1; irldicate breakpoints installed
91
;and So

295 142156 032737 040000 007706 KAIlRCH: BIT
296 142164 001017
BHE
297 14216.\ 020027 020000
CIII'
298 1421n 103014
BHIS
CKp
299 142174 020027 007400
300 142200 103411
BLO
301 142202 020027 010000
CKP
302 142206 103403
BLO
CHP
303 142210 020027 017400
304 142214 103403
BLO
305 142216 OOSOOO
2$:
ctR
306 142220 000167 175124
Jill'

307
308 142224 000207
309

RTS

RO.tSCRPAD

scratch protection on?
;no, deposit an~where
ii5 address above UP~er instance of scratchpad? '.
;Yes, detinitel~ doesn't address protected RAI1
iis it below lower instance of scratchpad?

;'::Ies

tF.PROT,@.FLAGSlike~pad

RO.t20000
1$

iis it within lower instance 01 scratcopad?
;~e5' address is il1e~al
RO,tSCRPAD+I0000iis it between instances 01' scratcMpad RAM?

RO.tl0000
2$
1$
RO
F[RROR

;indtx user RA" error .essa~e
;!iO to tatal error handler to reenter lorli tor

,address is acceptable

A-48

;'SI!St

not withir. thea, so address is OK

1-11 Ev.IUltion Kodul. ~it.' IlACRO V05.00 Sund.., 13-lIir-S3 04:10 P'!Ie 36
K.. C....nd R""ti'"
1

2
3

.SBlll Specl.I K.,..d Konit.r Functions

4 W226 006305
DOFUHC::ASl
Jltp
5 142230 000175 142234
6
fNCTBl: : •WORD
7 142234 142246
.WORD
8 142236 142270
•WORD
9 142240 142572
.WORD
10 142242 142320
11 142244 142562
•WORD
12
CANCEL: :HOV
13 142246 012700 000020
14 142252 105060 007757
it:
CLRB
15 1422~ 077003
SOB
16 142260 005037 007754
CLR
17 142264 000167 175710
FNCDON: JIt>
18
19 142270 112737 000007 177444 GOllED::MOVB
20 142276 000167 177412
JHP
21
SPDTBl:: tWORD
22 142302 000454
23 142304 001130
•WORD
24 142306 002260
•WORD
25 142310 004540
•WORD
26 142312 011300
•WORD
27 142314 022600
.!IORD
2S 142316 045400
•WORD
29
SPEEDS::HOV
30 142320 012702 000021
JSR
31 H2324 004767 173~2
32 142330 11J70S 007710
HOVB
33 142334 042705 177707
BIC
34 142340 006205
5.:
ASR
35 142342 006205
ASR
36 142].14 016501 142302
HDV
37 142350 012702 000010
HOV
JB 142354 004767 174006
JSR
39 142360 004767 174052
3S:
JSR
CHI'
40 142364 020127 000010
BED
41 142370 001436
ClIP
42 142372 020127 000016
43 142376 103067
BIllS
44 142400 020127 000014
ClIP
45 142404 001410
BED
46 142406 020127 000015
CHI'
47 142412 001362
BKE
48
49 142414 005305
DEC
DEC
50 142416 005305
51 142420 100007
BPl
52 142422 005005
CLR
53 142424 000405
BR
54
55 142426 005725
2.:
1ST
ClIP
~ 142430 020527 000016
BlO
57 142434 103401

RS
PFNC1'I!LI R5)

iRS was 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4
idispatch to selected function

CANCEL
GOllED
CKONI
SPEEDS
NPROI

;0 leans cancel breakpoints
i1 .eans turn on LEDs and ~o at user PC
i2 leans cold start console aonitor
;3 leans select baud rates and console t~pe
,4 aeans disable ke~pad lanilor scratch protec,

t020.RO
BRKFIL-I(RO)
RO.lI
mWmH
KIIOItI1

,8 words in breaKPoint file
iclear address/contents pairs
;~o to re~ister select lode

tOO 7.@tPIPIJRC
IGO

,turn on LED displass
;ilnd go

icancel watc~oint also

300.
600 •
1200 •
2400 •
4800 •
9600.
19200 •
t021oR2
PC.DSPNAH
!tCDiFlG.RS
tl77707.R5
R5
RS
SPD18L!R5)'RI
t010.R2
PC.DSPDEC
PC.KUGEl
RI,IOIO

; index 'CooSol'
;show pro.pt on upper displa~
;set baud rate bits
;.ask out other flass
;shift to word index position

;~esJ ~o to aYX port speed
iWils is a function ke':!?
;'::'25, exit
;w~ it advance?
;':les, aodi f!:j: baud rate
;was it backup,?

RI.tOI6
101
RI.tOI4
21
Rl.t015
31

;~et corresPOndins baud

;no, wait for another ke':!

R5
R5
41
RS
41

;decrease baud rate

(R5)t

,increase baud fate

; show new rate

;prevent underflow

RS.to16

ioverflow?

;,..,

A-49

fate

;index lower di5pla~
idisplay decilal nuaber
;wait ror a kelJ
;was it 'Enter'?

T·11 Evaluation Module ~itor MACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-Ka.-83 O~:IO Pase 36-1
SPe~ial Ke~Pid Monitor Functions
58 142~36 0057~5
59 142440 006305
60 142«2 006305
61 142444 006305
62 1~2«6 106137 007710
63 142452 110537 007710
64 142456 106037 007710
65 142462 00>205
66 142~64 000725
67
68 142466 012702 000022
69 142472 004767 173414
70142416 016501 142302
71 142502 105737 007110
72 142506 100002
73 142510 006201
74 1~2512 006201
75 14251~ 012702 000010
76 142520 004767 173642
77 14252~ 004767 173706
78 142530 020127 000010
79 142534 001653
80 142536 020127 000016
81 142542 103005
82 1~254~ 012700 000200
83 142550 mOl7 007710
8~ 142554 000750
85
86 142556 000167 175562

4$:

1St

TST
ASL
ASL
ASL
ROLB
HOVB
RORB
ASR
DR
IIOV
JSR

8$:

HOV
ISIB

BPL
ASR

9J:

ASR
MO'J
JSR
JSR
CItP

CHI'
BHIS
HOV
XDR

lOt:;

-(RS)
R5
R5
RS
@ICOHFLG
R5.nCOHFLG
@ICOHFLG

;store index in baud rate bits
ipf"@serve hi§l order bit (F .A64X)

5'
1022.R2
PC.DSPHAII
SPDTBUR5) .Rl
!!tCOHFlG
91
RI
RI

Hndex -A.Port·
ishou proIPt
iset console baud rate
jis 64 Xset tor auy. port?
;00, sale speeds
;else console rate / 4

~IO.R2

;index lower disp1a~
;displa~ baud rate
;wait for a ke':l
;is it 'Enter'?
;!:Ies, finished
;was it a function button?

PC.DSPDEC
PC.KEYG£!
RloI010
FNCOON
Rl.1016
101

;+:Ie5, exi t

RO.@ICIINFLG
81

;no, tog~le aux port baud rate
iCONFlG is an even b':lle
iwait for enter ke':l

JHP

KEYCHI

;execute function ke':l

IF.A6~X.RO

97
88 142562 052717
89 1~2570 000635

0~0000

007706 NPROT:: SIS

IF ,PROT .@IFLAGSHt"", olf protection
,go to reSister select ~de
FNCDOH

A-50

T-ll Evaluation Kodul. Konito, ItACRO \105. 00 Sunda, 13-Ka,-83 04:10 Pa•• 37
Sp@cial Ke~pad ~onitot Function;

.SBTTL Console Monitor

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

iff

coIPutational scratch
passiM to botto. level routines and scratch

Cold entr~ point:
j--

15
161425n
17 142600
18 14260.
19 H2.14
20 142620
21 142624
22 142632
23 14263.
24 142.44
25 142650
26 142.54
27 142660
28 142664
29 142672
30 142676
31 142704
32 142710
33 142714
34 142720
35
36
37
38
39 142724
40 142732
41 142736
42 142744
43 142752
44 142754
45 142762
46 142770
47 142776
48
49 143000
50 143004
51 143012
52 143014
53 143022
54 143026
55 143032
56 143036
57 143042

last 1!)(P'ression value.
current ten value and scratch currtlOt address
running; poir.ter for input buffer
pointer and ~eneral passing to routines

012737
012737
012737
005037
105037
142737
105037
012767
113700
052700
010037
004767
052737
106427
012737
004767
004767
012702
004767

006500
040100
000004
007630
007672
000007
007673
133000
007710
000002
177564
172304
002000
000000
000100
170614
170610
143052
171042

oom6 CHOM 1:: KOIJ
007330
KOV
007325
IlO\l
CLR
CLRB
007710
BICB

KO'I
KOVB
BIS
KOV
JSR
PIS
KTPS
KOV
JSIl
JSR
NOV
JSR

035214

00770.
177560

nlJh,nSp

jinitialize user SP for console lonitor
iset default aodes
tF.IlULL,~IlASllN;;nihali'. last lin. no;s
t400.lootl00,~tTKPKOD

hnitialize console bufter P'ointirs

;clear host buffer pointer also
'tHFP
tOOMtCONFLG iclear console line flags (but not speed)
ftHSTFLG
;clear host flags
tllNElH,COHIK ;hook UP console input service routine
PtCOIfFLG,RO
;s@t current baud fate
too0002,RO
ienable PfOS, baud rate, disable xlit interrupt
;lransfer control word to console port
RO,PtCIXCSR
pe,SETAUX
iset .lUX port balJd fate ano:! disable
tF.KEfP,@tFlAGS1;disable ke~pad IOnitor
ienable interrupts
tOOO
tOO0100,~tC'RCSR;enable ('(Insole

PC,CRLF
PC,CRlf
tGRET ,R2
PC,PRINT

fE'ceiver interrupt
istart a new line

;point to sreeting .e5sa~e
illlPe lE!ssa!le

;ff
;M_

Warl entr~ point:

012767
106427
012737
032737
001412
012737
112737
112737
000402

133000 035126 CKOHIT: :KOV
KTPS
000000
000100 177560
NOV
004000 007706
BIT
BED
134540 000120
NOV
000046 007711
IIOVlI
KOVB
000046 177m
8R

tlIHEIN,COHIN ;hook. UP cOl'YSole input service routine
;ehable interrupts
tooo
tOOOlOOt,tcSRCSRienable console receiver interrupt
tF.HOST,UFLAGSHis host lode enabled?
;00, clear host flass to lerlinate functions
11
tHOSTIH,~tAUXIN ;hook UP host input service interrupt
t046,mUXFLG ;saye a COP~ or new AieRES value
t046,flAICREG ireen.lble .lUX port receiver interrupt

105037
032737
001501
042737
004767
013704
004767
004767
005737

007673
11:
000200 007706 2$!

;stop host actiyit~
IF .SST ,@tFLAGSl ;",ere we 5irl~:ne steppin9?
;no . scrap line
CKOH3
.r.SST,@tFlAGSl ic}ear flas frol IG01 rouhr.e
pc , TYPREG
j~es, displas resisters
Ptlf'C,R4
;point to next location
PC, TYPItDR
; hpe address
PC,TYPLOI
idisilsselble next irlstruclion
tWfre we repeating?
'tREPEAT

000200 007706
006702
007750
012212
012126
007466

CLRB
BIT
BEQ
BIC
JSR
IIOV
JSR
JSR
TST

21
~IHSTFlG

A-51

I-II Evaluation Kodule "onito,

~O YO~.OO

Sund•• 13-"-,-83 O~:IO Paj< 37-1

ConsolE' tklnitor

58 14304&
59 Im50

OOI~&3
OOO~76

BEQ
BI!

CltON3

;no

CKOH4

;~es,

A-52

keep cOMand line

T-II Evaluation ",""I. Honito. ItACRO V05. 00 Sunda. 13-Ki.-83 04:10 Pa •• 38
Consoli! Monitor

2 143052 076725
143060 045710
143066 070226
3 143074 000000
4 143076 001640
5 143102 000000
6 143104 007716
143112 021026
7 143116 000000

000207 055207 GRET:
051646 035557
143076 000000

.RAD50 ITEH CONSOLE HONITOR VI.O I

.WORD
.RAD50
.WORD
023132 001156 OVERFU .RADSO
046557
•WORD

170400
056007
170374
170276
170776
000134
170354
170344
170602

PC,CRlF
;t~pe <CR> <IF)
t400*13H007,RO
<BEll> \
PC,CHROUT
PC,GETBP
iset rurlnins pointer to back pointer
PC,ECHO
iecho blJffer to corlsale to indicate error
tl34,RO
it'S?£! \ <CR>
PC,CHROUT
PC,CRLF
PRINT
;print error .eSSige

004540

WHAT:

0
I WHAT I

0
IBUFFER OVERFLOI/I

9 143120
10 143124
II 143130
12 143134
13 143140
14 143144
IS 143150
16 143154
17 143160
18
19
20
21
22
23 143164
24 143170
25 143174
26 143200
27 143204
28 143210
29
30
31
32
33
34 143212
35 143216
36 143224
37 143230
38 143234
39 143240
40
41
42
43
44 143246
45 143252
46 143256
47 143262
48 143266
49 143270
50 143274
51
52 143276
53 143304
54 143310

004767
012700
004767
004767
004767
012700
004767
004767
000167

PRNERR:: JSR
HOV
JSR
JSR
JSR
HOV
JSR
JSR
.JItP

a".

COliand error entr~ point:
j--

012706
012702
004767
012700
004767
000402

007462
143076
177720
DODO))
170320

CHON2:: MOO

HOV
JSR
HOV
JSR
BR
Ht

tSTACK,SP
tllHAT ,R2
PC,PRNERR
to)),RO
PC,CNROUT
CHON3

;we Colle here frol unspecififd depth
;point to error lE!ssase
;print erroneous cOlaand line and error .eSSiSe
it':!?!! ? (CR)

General error entr~j scrap rest of coaaand line, terlinate host input:

j--

004767
142737
012706
005037
005037
152737

177702
ERROR:: JSR
PC.PRNERR
;print error IE!S5aSe
000200 007673 00f3:: Bleil
tF.lOAD.~tHSTFLG;stop loading fro. host
007462
CHON3!: HOV
tSTACK.SP
;we don't know at which level error occurred
007630
@tBP
idear both bad. pointer and forward pointer
ClR
@tREPEAT
idon1t keep repeatin~ bad cOlland line
007466
CLR
000004 007324
tF.NULL"tLINFlGiact like line was not eapty
BISB
Ht
Fresh calland line ind repeat entr~ point:
j--

000337
105037
004767
005737
001403
005337
000543

007324
007324
170166
007466

~lllHFL6

JSR
TST

BED

@tllNFl6
PC.Pl.IIGE
I!tREPEAT
II

DEC
BR

CHON5

HOVB
JSR
HOV

i restare p"enar,ent lOdes
;start a rI@W line
PC.CRLF
t<24.SOt05>.50tI5.RI
;RAD50 triplet 'TEH'

007466

113737 007331 007330
004767 170214
012701 076725

;save old line parsin~ fla~s
i~set line parsins flass tor new line
;pur~e bottol at buffer, clear ruonins pointer
;ttpeat line or PfOIPt tor a new one?
jPtOlPt for i new one
ie-aunt repetitions
;ar,d fe-execute line

C"otf4:: SWAB

1$:

~tREPEAT

~IPERHOD.~tTHPHOD

A-53

1-11 Evaluation Kodule "ooitor I1/\CRO V05.00 SUnd" 13-Ko,-83 0.:10 Pas. 38-1
Cor~ole t10ni tor

55 H3314 004767 170464
56 143320 012700 020076
57 1.3324 004767 170200
58 143330 123703 007631
59143m 001415
60 143336 004767 170600
61 143m 126327 007467 000015
62 143350 0013.17
63 143352 105037 0<17324
64 143356 005003
65 143360 142737 000001 007673
66 143366 000506
67
69 143370 105737 007672
69 14337. 001755
70 143376 105737 007673
71 143402 100444
72 143404 132737 000001 007673
73 143412 001403
74 143414 004767 171124
75 143420 ooom
76
77 143422 004767 170076
7B 143426 012701 032153
79 H3432 004767 170346
SO 14343.1 012700 037m
81 143442 004767 170062
82 143446 105737 007672
83 143452 001411
84 143454 004767 171264
B5 143460 132737 000001 007673
96 143466 001003
87 143470 010100
as 143472 004767 170032
89143m 123703 007631
90 143502 001761
91 143504 005003
92 143506 105037 007324
93 143512 000671
94
95 143514 004767 171224
96 143520 106427 000340
97 143524 113702 007631
98 143530 042702 177400
99 143534 001003
100 143536 120127 000012
101 143542 001407
102 143544 120227 000140
103 143550 103007
104 143552 110162 007470
105 143556 105237 007631
106 143562 106427 000000
107 143566 000660

2.:

BED
8$:

JSR
CKPB
BHE
ClRB
ClR
BICB
BR

3$:

T518

BEG
TSTB
BKI
mB

BEG

JSR

BR
9$:

S$!

JSR
I10V
J5R
ftOV
JSR
TSTB
BEO

JSR

7.:

4$!

101:

11$:

lOB
109 143570 106427 000000
110 143574 012702 14J104
HI 143600 000167 177406

JSR
I«l\I
JSR
CMPS

6$:

mB
81/!:
MOV
JSl!
C"P8
BfO
elR
ClRB
BR

;t~e a sinsle RAP~O triplet
PC,PRIHTl
t400*0401076,RO 1\... ) (SPAC£>
PC,CHROUT
;s@e if a character has been t~~ed
UFP,R3
;00, So check host buffer
3\
.echo character to console
PC,ECHO
;is last character a <CR>~
BUFFER-1IR31,tOI5
ino, wait for 00£1
21
;reset line tla35 froe ECHO
ULlNflG
;set NJnniM pointer to be9inrriM of line
R3
IF ,ElYTEh@tHSTFlGielear host line ~yte bucket ("0) flas
; (lKecute 1ine
CI1ON5

;see if we have a character trol the host
;no, So back and chec~ console
;are we 10adinS or just listening?
iloadiM
4f
tF,BYTB,~tHSIFlG;are WI i~Dri~ host lessages?
91
tRO
;~es, set character frOI host
PC,HGETCH
;and throw it awa~
2'
~tHFP

2'
UHSTFlG

;start a new line to show lessaSe fro. host
PC,CRlF
;RAD50 t,i,lel 'HOS'
1<10.50tI7>.sOI23,R1
It~pe a sinsle RAD50 triplet
PC,PRIHTl
t400'0761124,RO ;'T)'
;cOlflete the header
PC,CHROUT
;~ee if we hav€ ~ character
ttHFP
;00, check console for ke~press
7'
;get character frol host buffer
PC,HGETCH
tF,BYTB,@IHSTFlG;are we ignoring h05t aessases?
;~esl throw character awa~
7f
R!.RO

pC , CHROUI
@lfP,R3
5t
R3
ttLINFlG
If

;else echo it to console
;see if console t~ped a character
HI !lOt, continue nnst aessos€
;PtePare to re-ecno console input

J5R
"TPS
ItOVII
SIC
BHE
CKPB
BEO
CKPB
BHI5
KOVB
IHeB
KIPS
DR

PC,HGETCH

;get character frca host buffer
iblock console interrupt tor a while
;set console buffer input pointer
;prevent sisn extend
;we aren't at be~innin~ of line
;throw aw~ line feeds at beginning of line

1000
21

iis buffer full~
abort load process
ltranster character to console input buffer
jad~ance butfer input ~ointer
;restore interrupts
;echo buffer to corlsole

KTPS
I«l\I
JKP

1000
IOVERFl,R2
ERROR

;rfstore interrupts
;point to error lessa~e
iand f'rint it

tlfP,R2
t17740Q,R2
101
R1,1012

;redispla!l prolPt and echo buffer asair,

11$

R2,1140

;~esf

R1,BUFf'ERIR21

UFP

A-54

I-II Ev.lu.tion Kodule Honitor MCRO VOS.OO Sunda. 13-K,,-83 04:10 Pase 38-2
Console "onitor
112
113
114
1lS
116
117 H360~ 004767 167616
118 1~3610 000~02

,--

PC.GETNXI
CHONi>

;~et first leanin~rul

004767 167570

COlITlN: :JSR

PC.GETLCR

;recovpr list aCQuired charact!r

005737
001004
110337
105337
000337
105037

007466

CftON6:: 1ST

e'REPEAT

;are we repeatinS?

007630
007630
007326
007326

BHE
KOV8
DECB
SIIA8
ClR8
8R

R3.@t8P
@m
PlctJ!COK
PlCURCOH
CHON7

CItONS:: JSR

000~02

character

;':J£'S, so keep last ~olland
;else throw it awa~

;save old cOlland floss
;and initialize thea for next cOiland

itt

Pars£' top ltvel:

130

131
132
133
134 143646
m H3652
136 lU6S6
137
138 143660
139 143666
140 143674
141 143676
142 lU702
143 1~3704
lH 143710
H5 1~3712

Next cOlland entry point:

120 143612
121
122 14361.
123 143622
124 143624
125 H3630
126 H363~
127 143640
128 H3644
129

H+

;--

167554
120027 000015
00~767
001S4~

.EHABl
COlILUl': JSR
CHON7: CHPB
BEQ

152737 000004 007324 is:
132737 000020 007324
00136~

120027 000054
001761
120027 000033
001005
000~02

BIS8
8m
8NE
CltP8
BEQ
CHP8
BHE
BR

LSB
PC.G£TNXT
RO ••015
DOCR

;S!t next aeanin9tul character
;is it <CR)?

;Y£,5, SO to <OR) handler

.F.NULl.PllINFLGi5how that line i5 not e.pt,
tF .COtIH,@'LIHFLSiare we in a cOlleot'?
;Y@S, keep looking for <CR>
COitlUF
Hs it cDaaa'l'
RO.'OS4
;i~nore cOI.as at top level
COHlLf
iis it <ESC)?
RO.'033
2.
ino
ERROR2

1~6

147 143714
HB 143720
149
150 143724
151 HmO
152 143732
153 143736
15~ 143740
155 143742
156 1437~6
157 H375~
158
159 143756
160 143762
161 1~376~
162 143770
163 143m
16~ H3776
165 1~4oo2
166
167 14~00~
168 144010

000167 000354
000167 177m

.u:

JHP
ERROR2: JIIP

DOEXPR
CItOH2

1~D to seneral e~~re5sion handler

2$!
120027 0000~2
103773
120027 000137
101370
001006
010537 007336
152737 000010 007324
000713

CHPB
BlO
CHPB
BHI
BHE
NOV
BISB
BR

iis character control, space I or '!'7
;¥!S, in~alid cOlland
ERRm2
RO.tI3)
;i5 it above underscore?
;~es, invalid co •• and
ERROR2
;oot an underscore
5.
iexecute underscore
RS.itS/IVEXP
.F.SAVX.itLINFLG;5h.. pending underscore
CIIONS
;~t next CO'lin~

120027 000136
001010
005337 007756
105737 007330
100703
005337 007756
000700

51:

CHPS

DEC
BR

RO.tl36
6.
PUADDR
I!tTHPHOO
CKON5
mADOR
CHOl!5

;is it caret?
;no
;exerote caret
jare we in b~te lode?
;~es, back UP a byte
;else back UP a whole word
;~t next cOIaand

120027 000134
001017

6S:

C~PB

RO"13~

,is it reverse slant?

BHE

;no

SHE

DEC
IST9
8~1

RO.'~2

A-55

i-ll Evaluation Kodult Monitor HACRO V05.00 Soodas 13-"a,-83 0~:10
Console Konitof'

169 1~012 106437 007327
HIPS
170 144016 001010
iHE
HO\I
171 IH020 010537 007756
172 1~4024 010504
IIOV
173 144026 00~767 011216
JSR
JSR
m 1~4032 00~767 01l~2
175 14~036 000662
BR
176
8.:
KOV
177 144040 012702 151372
178 14~ 000167 177142
J"r
179
180 1~~05O 120027 000133
7.:
CHPB
SHI
IBI 1~054 101321
IB2 1~~056 120027 000100
C"PS
183 1~~062 101314
9I!1
18~ 14~06~ 001715
BED
185
186 14~066 116001 155m
HOIIB
187 14~on 042701 177770
BIC
188 1~4076 006301
1st
J(P
189 1~4100 000171 1~~104
190
.DSABL
191
192 1~410~ 14316~
PARDSP: •WORD
193 144106 l4~m
.WORD
194 144110 151426
.WDRD
195 H~112 H~124
.WORD
196 144114 15116~
.WORD
197 14~1I6 1~~134
.WORD
198 14~120 143164
•WORD
199 144122 IH274
•WORD
200
201
202 144124 152737 000020 007324 OOCO"": DIS8
203 14~132 000624
iR

Pa~.

38-3

fIlASCOH
81
R:;,@IIADDR
R:;,R4
PC,TTPADR
PC,IVPLOC
CI10IIS

idid the last expres5ion have undefined s~.bols
;yes, refuse settins of the current address
iexecute reverse slant
;set new address
it~pe R4 as hUlber or label
;t~pe location addressed b~ R~
,set next cOI&and

IUHPEFX,R2
ERROR

;error, undefined ex,ression

;is it lett bracket?
ina, invalid cotlanlj
RO,1I00
pis it alphabetic?
;~esl beginning of expression or instruction
41
rna, at si!ln is invalid calland
ERRDR2
rwe've narrowed RO to the 042 to 077 ranSe
PARAHS-040(RO),RI
iset parsins code
1177770,RI
;Iask out other inforutiorl
;Iake it a word index
RI
@PARDSP(RII
rand dispatch accordin~l~
LSi

Ro.II33
ERRDR2

CttOH2
DOEXPR
DOLABL
OOCOHK
llOSYHi
DONVAL
CKON2
DOEXPR

;0 leans invalid coaland
,1 leans s~t expression or instruction
;2 leans define label
;3 leans sterl COllent
;4 afans define 5~lbol
;s leans t~pe oulericol1~
;6 earrs valid as operator within eX?l'eSSiOfiS
;7 leans both 1 and 6 are true

tf.COHH,@tLINFLGhndicate we're in a couent
CItON5
rand continue

20~

205
206 144134 004767
207 144140 016746
208 I~~I~~ ~2767
209 144152 010501
210 14~m 00~767
211 144140 012467
212 1~16~ 000167
213

167364
043164
000200

OOIIVAL: JSR
IIOV
0~3156

010716
0~31H
17741~

SIC
HOII
JSR
KOV
JKP

it!jpe last expression (lIJlerically
;save flass
IF-IYTK,IIIP"OD ;Ia~,e word .ode
R5,RI
PC,TYPNHI
(SPIt. IKPHOD
; restore flaSs
CKOI/5

PC,CRLF

TMP~OD,-(SP)

21~

215 14~170
216 14m~
217 14~176
218 144202
219 14420~
220 1~~210

221 1~~212

m 14~216

223 14~22~

22~ 1~~226

225 1H232

105737 007673
100426
106437 007324

DOCR:: ISIB
8"1
HIPS

001423

BEQ

106n7 007325
103427
013704 007756
132737 00000~ 007325

HIPS
DeS
HOV
SlTB
SHE
"OV
KOV

ooloo~

013704 007334
007756

010~37

@IHSTFLG
31
fIlINFLG
31
@ILASLlH
51

;are we loadins frai host?
;~es, suppress <CR) COlland teatJJre
i~ft cOI.and line flass
Hine is nol eIPt'!f, so do nnthiM

Hast line caused siMIe step, so step asain
;set current address
IF,NULL.@ILASlIN;did la,\ line duo, Io,.tioo,'
61
inol so don't advarlce
PIADVADR,R4
;advance past last dua?
UIADDR,R~

R~,!lIADDR

A-56

T-11 Evaluation Kodule "onitor "ACRO V05.oo Sood•• 13-"ar-83 04:10
Console tklni tor
016705 033535
004767 010734
010437 007334

0.:

005737 007466
001002
1I0117 007630
000167 176756

3$:

235 144270 000167 003122

5':

226 144236
227 144242
228 H424.
229
230 144252
231 14425.
232 144260
233 IH2.4

234

Pa~.

38-4

KDV
JSR
"DV

-1.R5
PC.TYPLIN
R4.@tAPVAPR

TST

@tREPEAT

BHE

"0\11

JKP

R3.itBP
CKON4

;are we rep@atins?
;1des, so keep cOlland line
;00, discard px@cuted cOI••mds

JKP

STEP

;exetute single st@P

A-57

ityp@ a line of locations
;sa . . e next address for subseQuent dUIP

T-ll Evaluation "oOOle I1onitor NACRO V05.00 Sund,. 13-",r-83 04:10 Pa!iE! 39
Console "oni tor
.SSTTl Parsing Routin~s

2
3
4
5
6
7

DOEXPR parses an expression, instruction, directive, or verb, and handles
it accordin!il~. If appropriat~, e»pressions are deposited at lhe current
location. Note that the old value of R2 (which la'J b~ a pointer to i s':Ilbol
fro. the last invocation of DOEXF'R) is saved before parsiM an expression.
This is to acroaodatfl the .ESC directive, whOSE! parsiM will chaMe the ."alue
of R2. The old valUe is ne@ded tor seQuences such as <s'=llbol> .ESC K •
The old value ot EXPfLG is also saved, for the sale reason.

8
9

10
11
12
13
14 144274
15 144300
16 lW04
17 I4HOb
18 141312
19 144314
20 144320
21 144322
22 144326
23 14mO
24 144332
25 144336
26
27 144340
28 144142
2' 14m.
30 14mO
31 W354
32 144356
33 144362
34 144364
35 144370
36 144372
37 144376
38 14HOO
39 144404
40 144410
41 144412
42 144414
43 144420
44
45 144422
46
47 144426
48 144430
49 144434
50
51
52 144440
53 14m6
54 144452
55 144456
56 IH460
57 144466

;-004767
120027
001453
120027
001450
106437
102010
106437
100063
102003
005737
100031
010405
120027
001432
120027
001427
120027
001424
120027
001421
106437
100m
004767
105737
100406
010514
005237
000403

000212
000072

.ENABl LS8
PC.GENEXP
CNPi
RO.I072
BEG
14\
CNPi
RO.I075
14\
BEG
NTPS
@ICURCON
iVC
2\
@IEXPfLG
NTPS
BPL
8\
BVC
It
@lFLAGSI
1ST
SPL
3\

DOEXPR: :JSR

000075

007326
007332
007706

oooon

91:
21:

NOV
CNPi

R~,R5

BE~

NOY
INC
BR

14\
RO.t134
14\
RO.t137
14\
RO.t033
14\
I!ILlNFLG
6\
PC.ADRCHI
mNPNOD
4\
R5.@R4
mADOR
51

CItPB
BEQ
WB
BED
CNPB
BED
NTPS
BMI
JSR
TSTB

000134
000137
000033
007324
010120
007330

BIll

007756

RO.IOn

;set an expression
,is next character :1
j~s, isnore expression
iis next character ;1
i':lfs, isnore expression
ihas RS been set1
j~es! not Just a nale
,what is nallle'?
;predefined s~,bQl
;detined user sSlbol, proceed
;~lse see if we are in PASSl ~ode
iUiier defined nale has no value irl P~SS2, error
;~et nale's value

iis next character '?"?
do nothin~
;is it \1
;~es, do nothing
;is it _?
;~s,

;~es,

do nothin~

lis it (ESC>'

do nothin!i
ihas under line been eXlK'uted?
;~esl duap RAH locations
;chec~ if odd address or not in user RAH
jare we in b~te .ode?
hilfs
;de~osit data word
;~es,

000167 176536

31:

JItP

C"ON2

110514
005237 007756
000167 177152

41:

NOVB
INC
JNP

RS.@R4
mADDR
CONTIN

BlCB
NOV
JSR
BNE

IF.SAVX,I!ILIHFLG
;~et startin~ address
@ISAVEXPoR4
idulP a lin@ of locations
PC. TYPLIN
14\

BITB

tF.IHST,@tTHPHODiavoid t~in~ duplicate addresses

BED

142737
013704
004767
001366
132737
001771

51:

141:

000010 007324 61:
007336
71:
010524
11S:
000100 007330 lOS:

A-58

;dePosit bste of data
;recover last character, parse next cOlland

11 EVlluation ttodule Monitor MACRO VOS.OO Suod.. 13-K.,-83 04:10
rsimJ Routines

58 1444)0 004)6) 010512
59144414 000770
60
61 144476 102403
62 144500 10331)
63 144502 00016) 005500

JS11
DR

8':

P.~.

39-1

PC. TYPlINt4
111

BVS

~is a directive or verb

Bee

JKP

G!:T1NS

iis RO, ., Bt, etc.
ielse is an iostruction

65 144506 00016) 002460
66
67

12$:

JIiP
DOVER8
.DSAil LSB

A-59

;handle directives and verbs

T-U Evaluation Hodull! Konitor KACRD V05.00 Sunda. 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pas, 40
ParsiM Routines

H+
G£TEXP f'ar5@~ a whole ('xPte5sion ano returns its '101ue in RS.
GEHEXP parses an eXHession or rE"cognizes an instruction or ;':IaboL

2
3
4
5
6

7 144512
8 144520
9
10 144522
!! 144526
12 144532
13 144540
14 144542
IS 144546
16 144550
17 144554
18 !44556
19 144562
20 144564
21 144570
22 144574
23 144600
24 144602
25 144606
26 1H610
27 144614
28 144616
29 144622
30 144624
31 144630
32 144632
33 144636
34 144640
35 1441>44
36 144M6
37 144652
38 144656
39 144662
40 144664
41 144666
42 144670
43 144674
44 144676
45
46 144700
47 144702
48 144710
49 144714
50 144716
51
52 144720
53 144724
54 144730
55 144734

;-.EHABl lSB
tF.VALU,'.CURCOHiset fla~ to allow non-valued objects
152737 000002 007326 GENEXP: :BISB
7_
iSYCh as undefined s':Ilbols, directives, etc.
BR
000402
004767
005037
152737
005004
120027
001464
120027
001461
120027
001004
004767
004767
120027
001522
120027
001517
120027
001003
004767
001)436
004767
100403
004767
000430
01)4767
100476
004767
106737
106437
100406
102446
103016
10.437
102442
000412

GErm: :JSR
000452
007332
7.:
ClR
000004 007326
BISB
GETm: ClR
000053
CHPB
BED
000055
CKPB
BEQ
oooon
GETER": : CIIPB
BNE
000402
JSR
16U32
JSR
CKPB
000074
a:
BEO
000133
CIIPB
BED
000047
C"PB
BNE
001236
JSR
007526

3$:

000450
007436

2.:

000576
007332
007332

007326

102011
St:
142737 000004 007326
005737 007706
100032
000402

004767
004767
120027
001506
56 H-4736 120027
57 144742 001507

000246
166456
000076
000135

;initialize and set valued expression
;clear level counter and lert flass
.F.UHDF,~tCURCOH;clear undefined expression flas
iinitialize tel'l re~ister
R4
RO,tOS3
;is it +?
GEropv
;~S, accept operator
RO,t055
Hs it -?
GETIW'II
RO,t043
its it t?
PC,EXIH!!
mXPFlG

PC,EXINIT
PC,GETNXT
RO,t074
lPAREN
RO,t133
lPAREN
RO,t047
3.
PC,GETUT
GETOPV
PC,III)"CH
2.
PC,GETNKB
GETDPV
PC,RADCH

;set valued expression
;set next character
iis it <'?
;':IeSr do lett parenthesis
lis it [?
; ':Ies , do left parenthesis
; is it''?
;Jl{)
jparse literal tel'l
ifort'e VillJ@d e:t.F'ression <lno gel operator
iis it nuteric?
ina
iset nulber
;force valyed E!xpressioru set operator
jis it RAD~O character?
ino, illegal character
;parse oaaed object
;save condition flass
irecover actual values
;user defined s'::IlIIbol or undefined nale
ia directive or verb, tr':l to exit
iF-redefined 5~abOlr set operatoriis this a valued expression?
ino, we have an instructiorl.t tr!::l lo exit
iuse base value of instruction as data, set OPt

DR
JSR
BMI
JSR
BR
JSR
B"1
JSR
MFPS
KIPS
BM!
BVS
BCC
KTPS
BVS
DR

ENDEXP
GETOPR
@tCURC!lII
EHDEXP
GETDPR

BVC
BICB
TST
BPl
BR

;ptoceed if user s':Ilbol it defined
GETDPR
tf.UNDf,@tcuRCOHishow we have encountered an yndefined s':Iabol
iare we in PASS1?
mlAGSl
EHlI£XP
,nol don't allow undefined s~bol if1 f;:f'feSSlOn
j~es, proceed with eXP'I'ession
GETDPR

6ETOPV: :JSR
GETOPR::JSR
CKP!
BEQ
CKPB
BEQ

m
PC,GETNAN
@t[XPFlG
mXPFlG

PC,EXINIT
PC,GETlCH
Ro.t076
RPAREN
RO,t135
,PAREN

A-60

;initialize data expression
,recover last character
iis it >1
;~es, do ri~ht parenthesis
hs it J?
;~s,

do risht parenthesis fetch

t-11 Evaluation ~odul~ Monitor MACRO \lOS. 00 Sund., 13-M",-83 Q~:10 Pas. ~O-I
~int Routines

~59144150
"""''''' ""1'1'>"£\ ~""
103412
601W'52 120027
61 lm56 103007
62 IH760 116001
63 14~76~ 042701
64 1~4770 020127
65 144m 103053
66
67 144776 004767
68
69 1~'5002 10'5737
70 145006 001015
71 145010 106437
72 14'50I~ 102410
73 14'5016 106437
74 145022 100~01
75 145024 102406
76 14'5026 102003
77 145030 005737
78 14'5034 100101
79 145036 000167
80
81 145042 000167
82
83 145046 020627
84
85 m052 103773
110 145054 004767
87 145060 010546
8Il 145062 113746
89 14'5066 105237
90 145072 004767
91 145076 004767
91 145102 004767
93 145106 010504
94 145110 112637
95 145114 012605
96 145116 004767
97 145122 000700
98
99 145124 004767
100 145130 004767
101 145134 004767
102 145140 110037
103 145144 004767
104 145150 000602
105
106 145152 105337
107 145156 100731
108 145160 000417
109
110 145162 004767
111 145166 011505
112 145170 000207
113
114 145172 106437

000060
1'5'5774
177770
000006

'\.,'\\\'\
BLO
C"PS
BHIS
HOVll
BIC
CKP
BHIS

""""",,,,,
61

\\.~ .....~'"\.y~\~, \1t.\."S\ ,~.
j~es,

not an operator

RO.t060
Hs it above /?
;~~S, not an operator
61
;~~t parsins: code
PARAKS-040IRO).RI
ilask out the s:arba~e
1177770.Rl
jis it an operator?
Rl.t6
;~S, do operator
OOOPER

000216

6$:

JSR

PC.EXDOOP

ina lore operators, but de previous one

007333

166344

5$:

JHP

@tlEVEl
131
"CURCO"
51
@tEXPFlG
91
131
'51
@!fLAGSI
121
GETLCH

jare we at top level?
ina, error
ii5 expression supposed to be valued?
;not necessaril'S
iwas tera valued?
;00, but it was user defined

007706

EHDEXP: lSlB
SHE
HTPS
BVS
HTPS
!HI
BVS
91 :
BIIC
TST

176116

13\:

JKP

CIIOH2

007410

lPAREH: CKP

007326
007332

1ft

000112
007343
007333
000102
166324
177432
007343
166304
000042
000064
1662..6
007343
166256

;00, error

iwas valued, no probl~1
iare we in PASS1?

ino, undefined s~lbol is not allowed
iget last character back in RO
ishow error

SP.IBOTTOKtI0.t22.t2. jis there rool to recurse?
j(that was S words tor future JSRs, 11 for interupts, and 1 safet~)
;no, parenthesis too deep
131
910
;torce upper expression to be valued
JSR
PC.EXINIT
R5,-(SP)
KOV
;save accululator
@tOPER!T'-(SP) iand previous operator
MOV9
;show we are ~oin9 deeper
IHCB
mEVEl
hnitialize accu•• and operator for neKt level
JSR
PC.EXIHll
;set first character of nested eXpression
JSR
PC.GETHXT
;g;et value of nested e):pression
JSR
PC.GEIEXI
R5.R4
h.ested value beCOteS operand
KOV
ISP)t.@WP£RAl ;r~over operator
ItOVB
KOV
ISPlt.RS
;and accuaulator
;~et character after right paren
PC.GErNXT
JSR
;and look for next operator
8R
GErOPR

MOPER: JSR
JSR
JSR
HOVB
JSR
BR

PC.EXIHlT
PC.EXDOOr
PC.GETLCH
RO.@lOPERAT
PC.GETHXT
GETERH

iforce valued expression
iexecute previous operator
iget new operator
istore it
;~et next character
Hook for a hr.

007333

RPAREH: OECB
BKI
BR

mEVEL
131
EXDOOP

iare we at top level?
;~s, too .an~ ri~ht parenthesis
ido last operator inside parenthesis ~nd return

177764

,PAREH: JSR
KOV
RTS

PC.RPAREH
@R5.R5
PC

ido a fetch

EXIH1T: HTPS

mURCOil

ih.Js expression alread~ beer. initialized?

007326

A-61

T-ll Evaluation Module "onitor ItACRO \105.00 SUnd•• 13-N.r-83 04110 P••• 40-2
P.rsins Routines
115 145176
116 145200
117 145206
118 145210
119 145216
120
121 145220
122 145224
123 145226
124 145232
125 145234
126
127 145240
128 145244
129
130
\31 145250
132 145252
133 145254
134 145256
135 145260
136 145262
137 145264
138 145266
139 145270
140 145272
141 145274
142 145276
143 145300
144 145302
145 145304

102007
evc
112737 000053 007343 EXINll I Nove
CLR
005005
aIea
142737 000002 007326
4$:
RTS
000207
106437 007326
102774
113701 007343
006301
000171 145146

EXDOOPI HTPS
BVS
HOVe
ASL
JNP

012702 151372
000167 175742

12.:

152130
143164
143164
143164
143164
152m
143164
143164
143164
152142
152154
14J164
152160
143164
152164

OPRTBL: .WOItD

41
t053,@tOPERAT

;set + as default operator
iclear ex?ression ~rcu.ulatDr
tF,VALU,@tCURCOHishow expression is valued

R5
PC

ii1 expression is valued, do operator
jnot valued
;set operator
~tOPERAT,R1
;aake a word index
R1
@OPRTBl-102(R11 iexecute operator

@tCURCON
41

NOV
tUHDEFX,R2
JIIP
ERROR
.DSABL LSB

.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
•WORD
•WORD

; ':IE'S

LDGOR
CHOH2
CI!OH2
CHOH2
CNOH2
LOGAHD
CHOH2
CHOH2
CHON2
NULTIP
ADOII
CHOH2

•WORD

sum

.WORD
•WORD

DIVID

CNON2

A-62

;point to undefined expressiorl aessa!le
;show error
j!

,.,
;t

;I
;&

,.,
;(
;)

a
it

;,
;;.
;1

1-11 Evaluation "odule "onitor MeRO V05.00 Sundo. 13-Ho,-83 04:10 Po •• 41
Parsin~ Routines

2
3
4
5
" 145306
7 145310
8 145312
9 145316
10 145322
11 145324
12 145326
13 145330
14 145334
15 145336
16 145342
17 145344
18
19 145350
20 145354
21 145360
22 145362
23 145364
24 145370
25 145372
26 145374
27 145376
28 145400
29
30 145402
31 145404
32 145410
33 145412
34
35 145414
36 145420
37 145424
38 145426
39 145m
40 14543-4
41 145H6
42 145440
43 145442
44 145444
45 145446

itt

GETHHB parses a nulber and returns all condition fla~s lowered.
i--

005303
010346
004767
004767
100373
012603
005001
120027
001427
004767
100402
000167

GETtmB::DEC

166000
007034

1$:

000056
006740
175614

4$:

004767 165742
004767 006776
100410
102770
162700 0000.0
006301
006301
006301
060001
000763

3$:

005303
004767 166016
010104
000207
0047.7 165676
004767 006732
100767
162700 000060
006301
010146
006301
006301
062601
060001
000762

ItOV
JSR
JSR
BPl
HOV
ClR
CHPB
BED
JSR
BIll
JHP

R3
R3,-ISP)
PC,G!:TCH
PC,NUHCH

;savt' runnin~ pointer to peek. ahead

hIes, wait tor first r.on-nuaeric character·
;~ back to besinniM of nUlber

ISP)hR3
Rl
RO,S056
2.
PC,RADCH
31
CIIOH2

PC,GElCH
PC,HUllCH
51
41
t060,RO
Rl
RI
RI
RO,RI
31

SS:
6S!

DEC
JSR
Hoo
RTS

R3
PC,6[TNXT
Rl,R4
PC

2$:

JSR
JSR
SKI
SUB
ASl
HDV
ASl
ASl
ADD
ADD
BR

PC,IlETCH
PC,HIJIfCH
61
to60,RQ
Rl
RI,-(S?)
Rl
Rl
ISPlt,Rl
RO,Rl
21

JSR
J5S
BHI
BVS
SUB
ASl
ASl
ASl
ADD

A-63

iis it 0 thtoU9'h 9?

hs first non-nuaeric chancter a period?
;~es, parse a decilal nulber
;is it alphabetic?
;00, parse an octal nulber
Hlle!!lalr libel besins with a nUlber

;is it 0 through 7 or a through 9?
ino, end of nUlber

;8 and 9 are illeS'al in octal nUlbers
'like it BCD

,accUMlIate digits
;set next dhlit
;~et character after nolber
;store value at oulber

;trailin~ dedlal

iaccUiulate disits
iset next disH

F'oirlt

T-ll Evaluation ""601. "-nitor MACRO V05.00 Sunday 13-~.r-S3 04:10 Paie 42
PitSin~ Routines

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

itt
GErM"" parses a nale and converts it into RADSO at locations TBLTOP arid
T8I.TOP!2. It the nale has a corres?oodins value, it is placed in R4.
R2 is an index to where the nail! is stored. It cao index either the RAD50
table in ROH tor predefined 5~abo15' or th@ user 5~.bol table. GETNAH
returns condition flags to indicate these options as follows:
V=1 leans the nale has no value

N=l leans the na-e is user defined (not ~redefined)
C=l leans the nail! is a Ine.onic, directive, or verb
N=O, V=O, C=O leans that the naae is RO, SP, PC, Bl, UR, etc.
H;:::O, 11=0, C=l aeans that the nile is an instruction
N=O, V=l, C=1 aeans that the nate is directive or verb
N=l, V=l aeans that the nale is an undefined 5~abol
N=l, V=O aei~S that the nale is a user s~abol

15
;-16
17
.ENAB!.
18
19 115450 112737 000003 007341 GETHAK: :KOIJB
ClR
20 145456 005001
1$:
21 145460 004767 006712
JSR
22 145464 004767 165626
JSR
JSR
23 145470 004767 006606
BM!
24 145U4 100431
DECD
25 145476 105m 007341
BIlE
26 145502 001lO6
tIOV
27 145504 010137 007320
MOVB
28 145510 112737 000003 007341
ClR
29 145516 005001
31:
JSR
30 145520 004767 00bb72
J5R
31 145524 004767 Ib5566
32 145530 004767 006546
JSR
BM!
33 145534 100421
34 1455lb 105337 007341
DECB
~E
35 115542 001366
41:
J5R
36 145544 004767 165546
JSR
37 145550 004767 006526
BPl
38 145554 100373
BR
39 145556 000412
40
JSR
21:
41 145560 004767 000264
ItOV
42 145564 010m 007320
~OV
43 145570 012737 000003 007341
ClR
44 145576 005001
JSR
6.:
45 145600 004767 000244
MOV
S.:
46 145604 ~101l7 007322
DEC
47 145610 005l03·
JSR
4ll 145612 004767 165610
MOV
49 H5616 013700 007320
SO
ClR
51 145622 OOS002
10.: CMP
52 145624 020062 156142
BNE
53 115630 001011
CMP
54 145632 020162 156144
BED
55 14S0l6 001414
ClIP
56 145040 020127 006200
ONE
57 145644 001003

...

lSB
ll,mOUNT2
Rl
PC,ASCRAD
PC,GETCH
PC,RADCH
21
@tCOUlIT2

iconvert ASC!! in RO to RAD50 in Rl

;get ~ext character
iis it a le~al RAD50 character?
;no, end of na.e

Rl,@tTBlTOP
t3,ftCOUHT2
Rl
PC,ASCRAD
PC,GETCH
PC,RADCH
61
mOUNT2
31
PC,GETCH
PC,RADCH
41
51

jdiscafo all characters after 6
;i~ character still part of nale?
;':Ies

PC,PADRAD
RJ,ftTBlTOP
t3,@tC0UHT2
Rl
PC,PADRAD
RJ,@tT8LTOP!2
R3
PC,GETNXT
@lUlTDP,RO

,pad Rt with spaces
istore first word of naae

R2
RO,D5YHS(R21

;colPare naae to predefined ones

;set next leaninsful character
jRO, Rl contain converted ~a.e

m
RIoDSYHS!2(R21
iget value of predefined 5~abol
PDSVAl
iaight this be a bste aode anelonic?
R1ot50150102
lif
inc

A-64

T-11 Eyaluation "odul~ Monitor ItACRO V05.00 Synd.l. 13-Kar-B3 0~:10 Pas, ~2-1
Parsin~ Routines

5B 145646 005762

59 145652
.0 14565~
61 1~5656
62 145662
63 14566~
64
65 145670
66 145674
67 145676
68 145700
69 145702
70 145706
71 145710
72
73 145712
7~ 14S716
75 145m
76 145724
77 1~5726
78
79 145730
80 1~5734
BI 145736
B2 14SHO
83 1457~2
B4
85 HS744

020227 000054
103401
002005
006202
016204 007732
006302

la:

21$:

13$:

020227 000100
103004
016204 007700
000257
000207

14$:

020227 000300
103003
000277
000250
000207

7$:

006202

17$:

15t:

155~~

020227 000340
103003
012702 000064
000421
020127
001014
020027
001411
006202
006202
105762
100323
006302
006302
052704
162702
000257
000261
000207

006200

18$:

1557H

012700 OQOQ~O
004767 006346
105337 007341
001371
000207

20$:
19.:

DSYKSt2IR2)
PDSVAl
IR2ltdR2lt
RbtTOPHAK
101
GETSYK

;and is nale the saae without triiling 'B'?
;~es, handle b~te lode case
iadY<lrIce to next nate
iend of table?
jnot ~et
ino latch to predefined 5~lbols

BlO
BGE
ASR
KOV
ASl
BR

R2.tDSYKUR-DSYKS;now ;0\ ,,"bol', valy, in R4
iRO through •
m
iB:1 or higher
141
ilake a word inde>;
R2
IROIR2hR4
;RO thrOtJSh ,
R2
lSI

CHP
BHIS
KOV
CCC
RTS

R2.tDIRVRB-DSYKS
;BASIC or hiSh,r
71
BRKFll-(DSYKURt4-DSYKS)IR2).R4 m throYSh B4
iflas a predefined s~lbol
PC
iand return

CKP
SIHS

sec

R2.ICKHEKS-DSYKS
iCLC or hiSiher
171
iflas a directiYe or yerb

CLN
RTS

ASR
KOV
ASL
CKP
BHIS
KOV

075131

100000
000340

TST
BED
CKP
CKP
BlO
JKP

PDSVAI..: :CHP

000~05

B6 145746 016204
B7 1~5752 006302

as Im5~
B9 145760
90 145762
91 145766
92
93 145770
9~ 145774
95 HS776
96 146002
97 146004
98 146006
99 146010
100 146014
101 146016
102 146020
103 146022
104 146026
lOS 146032
106 14603~
107 146036
lOB
109
110 146040
III 1~6044
112 1~6050
113 146054
114 146056

1S614~

00140.
022222
020227 000770
103760
000167 003070

CKP
BHE
CKP
BEQ
ASR
ASR
TSTI
BPL
ASL
ASl
BIS
SUB
CCC
SEC
RTS
.VSAIL

PADR1: NOV
JSR
PADRAD: DrCB
BNE
RTS

;and ntum

R2
CBASES-«CKNEKS-DSYKS>/2>IR2).R~

;~t

yalue of Inetonic

R2
R2.IKNEKS-DSYKS
HiALT or higher
IBI
tKNCCC-KNEHS.R2 ;ind" lneoonic CCC
191

;jwte lOde naae?
Rlot50lS0102
;no
201
RO.I(23150t27>ISOtOI
iSWAB anelonie?
;~e5' not b~te lode
201
R2
R2
iinstruction lesal in b~te IO(
PARAltS-<<KNEKS-DSYKS)/4>IR2)
;no
2a
R2
R2
;adjust opcOOe to b~te lode
t100000.R4
tKNEKS-DSYI'!S,R2 iad...iust indl!x to instruction table
iflag an instrijction
PC

m
10~0,RO

PC.ASCRAV
@lCOUIfT2
PADRI
PC

A-65

iroijtine to pad RADSO triplet with spaces

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor "ACRO V05.OO Sond•• 13-Ha,-83 04:10
Parsins Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 146060
7 146064
B 146070
9 W072
10
11 146076
12 146100
13
14
15 146104
16 146110
17 146114
18 146116
19 146122
20 146124
21 146lJ2
22 14m.
23 146140
24 146146
25
26 146150
27 H6154
28
29
30 146156
31 146162
32 146166
33 146170
34 146174
35
36
37 H6176
3a 146202
39 H6206
40
41 146210
42 146214
43 146220
44
45 146222
46 146230
47
48 146232
49 146240
SO 146242
51 146246
52 146250
53 146252
54 146256
55 146262
56 146266
57

Pa~. 43

itt
GETlI! pa,s,s ASCII lit.r.ls.
j--

JIIf'

CItOH2

don't fold case
iis it <CR)?
ioo
;error, no character on line

ItOV
JIIP

RO,R4
GETNXI

;store value
;tet next character, return

004767 165326
120027 000015
001002
000167 175066

GETLIT::JSR
CIIPB
BHE

010004
000167 165322

1$:

110137
004767
005303
105m
100403
042737
120027
001106
11J737
000502

SETHOD: !!OVB
JSR
!lEC
ISIB
007330
8NI
BlC
000001 007756
1$:
CNP8
000015
BNE
KOVB
007330 007331
BR
007330
165312

PC.GETCHC
RO.IOI5
1$

Rh@llHPNOD
PC.GEINXT
R3
@lTHPItOD
1$
Ih~UAonR

;fix address when leaving b~te lode

RO.to1S
ECON

;i5 ,ode Calland last cOlland on line?

ECAN:: NOV

142701 000100
152701 000200
000736

EBn:: 9lCB
BISB
DR

IF .IIiST .Rl
IF.BYTH.Rl
SETNOO

142701 000200
152701 000100
000731

EINS: : BICB
BISB
BR

IF.BYTK.R1
IF.INST.RI
SETKOn

012m 007320 007462 EClR:: NOV
BR
000451
132737
001447
106·\37
100044
102443
162702
004767
004767

ooom

000002 007327 ED£l:: Bm
EDELl: BEQ
KIPS
007332
BPl
BVS
SUB
000006
JSR
003620
JSR
003406
BR

set perlanent lodes

IF .AIS.Rl
SETKOn

012700 000020
105060 007757
077003
005037 007754
000467

CLRB
SOB
CLR
BR

; ':tes ,

ECON

EAlIS:: BISB

in<]

~ITKPNOD.iIPERKOD

152701 000002
000753

;~et next character,

t20,RO
BRKfll-I (RO I
RO,II
~tlWA!CH

ECON

tTBlTOP,@tTBl80T,love s!:Ilble table pointer to el1't!:l position
ECON

tF,VALU,@tlASCOKiwas last 'colland" valued?
;~es, not just a nate
EERR
ilEXPFlB
El:RR
EERR
16.R2
PC.TYPSYK
PC.DELSYN
ECDH

A-66

;can't delete pre~efined s~lbols
;can/t delete a forward reference

;back UP to specified entr!:l
;t!t'Pf current value before deletin~

;delete entry

T-11 Evaluation Module Monitor I1IICRO V05. 00 Suod" 13-M.r-83 04:10 Page 43-1
ParsiM RoutiOf'S
58 146270
59 146274
60
61
62 146276
63 146302
64 146306
65
66 146312
67 146316
6B
69
70 146320
71 146324
72 146330

142701 000300
000703

EHUH:: 8ICB
BR

tF.INSTtF.BYTH,RI
SETHOD

010537 007466
110337 007630
000167 174734

EREP:: HOV

JHP

RS,@tREPEAl
R3,UBP
CHON4

142701 000002
000672

ESYM::

BICB
SR

tF.ASS,R1
SETI10D

004767 165102
004767 176172
000115

EEXT:: JSR
JSR
JKP

PC , GETHXT
PC,GE1EXP

HOVe

;enable repeated execution
;aC"t lih- a liew line starts after <ESC) N
iexecute rest ot line repeatedl~

,~et character after Z

;parse transfer address

@R5

74 146332
75 146336
76 146344
77 146350
78 146354
79 146360
BO
B1 146364
B2 146370
B3 146372
B4 146374
Ir.i 146400
86 146406
87 146412
BB 146414
B9 146416
90 146420
91 146424
92 146426
93 146432
94 146436
95 146442
96 146444
97 146446
98 146450
99 146454
100 146456
101 146460
102 146464
103
104 146470
105 146474
106 146476
107 146502
lOB 146504
109 146510
110 146512
111

016746 040772
[RES::
042767 000200 040764
004767 003360
012667 040754
000167 175224
ECOH:
000167 174600
EERR:

Hoo
SIC
JSR
HOI'
JHP
JHP

lKPI1OD,-ISP)
tF.SYlH,IKPHOD
PC,lYPREG
ISP)t.THPItOD
CItOH5
CHOH2

EttOV: :
106437 007324
100373
010502
013701 007336
142737 000010 007324
005737 007706
100760
020201
103760
105737 007330
100404
042701 000001
052702 000001
013704 00))56
u:
060204

HIPS

@tlIHFlG
;see it underline has been executed
;ii hasn't--error-- lissins ~araleter
EERR
R5,R2
,Set fiflal address of SQurce .e.or~ block
@tSAVEXP,R1
;set starting address of source
IF .SAVX,@tLINFlGishow that saved expression has beerl IJsed
@tFlAGSI
iare we in PASS! lode?
ECOH
;Yes, don't execute love
R2,RI
iis final address below startiM address?
;~es, show error
EERR
jare we in byte lode~
@tTHPHOD
;ws
11
t1,R1
;else force starting address to even bo~ndary
tllR2
iar~ tinal address to odd boundir~
;!iet startiM address of destination block
@UADDR,R4
R2,R4
icalculate tinal address frOi lensth 01 source
R1,R4
14,RO
isave result for later
;are we in byte .ode~
@tTHPHOD
;yes
2.
iadjust result for previous SIC and ~IS
R4
;check that final destination address is legal
PC,ADRCH2
;~et shrUM destination address and check it
PC,ADRCH1
inow seE' if destination addre5s~ straddle protected RAH
RO,UUR
;i$ tinal addr below lower instance of prot RAM
;yest destination ran~e OK
31
;is start addr above uPper instance of prot RAM
R4,t20000
;~es, destination ranse OK
31
jdoes destin overlap lower instance of prot RAH
R4,t10000
;~es, ranSe is unacceptable
4$
iis final addr below upper instance of prot RAM
R00t20000
;this is a trick test -- we know RO is not
;.ithin the ra.'. 'URt10000--17777 Ir.1 ADRCH2
jYes, raMe doesn't overlap UPPfr instanCE!
31
tUSERAH,R2
;point to U~f RAM error .essaSe

~60104

010400
105737 007330
100401
005304
004767 006044
004767 006034
020027
103415
020427
103012
020427
103403
020027

2.:

006500

Bf'l

MOV
HOV
SICB
lSI
8HI
CHP
BlO
rSTD
BHI
BIC
SIS
IIOV

ADD
SUB
HOI'
ISTB
8HI
DEC
JSR
JSR
CHP
BtO

CHP

020000

SHIS
CHP
81.0
CHP

010000
020000

112

113 146516 103404
114 146520 012702 154476

4.:

BlO
HOV

A-67

ifor b~te Aode
;

;hp'e contents of reSisters and watcnpOlnt
irestore fla!iS

T-11 Evaluation Hodul. Honitor IlACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-Har-83 04:10 Pa.. 43-2
Pirsin~ Routines

115 H6524
116
117 146530
118 146532
119 146534

000167 174462

3.:
020401
101004
61:
112124
120 146536 020102
121 146540 101775
122 146542 000704
123
51:
124 146544 005202
125 146546 005200
7i:
126 146550 114240
127 146552 020201
128 146554 101375
129 14655.\ 1XlO676
130
EFHD::
IJ1 146560 106437 007324
132 146564 100275
133 1465.\6 010537 007334
134 146572 142737 000010 007324
135 14661Xl 004767 164622
136 146604 004767 175712
137 146610 024646
138 146612 010516
139 146614 005066 000002
140 146620 120027 1XlO137
141 146624 001010
142 146626 004767 164574
143 146632 004767 175664
144 146636 010566 1XlO002
145 146642 005166 01XlO02
a:
146 146646 013704 00/336
2t:
W 146652 105737 007330
148 146656 100430
149 146660 042704 000001
150 146664 011401
m 146666 011600
152 146670 074001
153 146672 046601 000002
154 146676 001005
St:
ISS 146700 004767 006344
156 146704 004767 006204
157 146710 000405
3$:
ISB 146712 005204
159 146714 105737 007330
160 146nD 100401
161 146722 005204
6S!
162 146724 020437 007334
163 146730 101750
164 146732 022626
165 116734 000167 174652
166
4$:
167 146740 111401
168 146742 011600
169 146744 074001
170 146746 046601 000002
171 146752 042701 177400

error afS5age

JHP

ERROlI

,~rint

CHP
8HI

R4,Rl
51
IRllt. IR4lt
R1,R2
61
ECIlH

;now see if destination block is above or below
;source -- above leans use backward transfer
;else do forward transfer

R2
RO
-IR21,-(ROI
R2,Rl
71
ECIlH

;adJust pointer$ for autodecreaent

1IOV8

CHP
BLOS
BR
INC
INC
HOVB
CHP
BHI
BR

@tLlNflG
EERR
R5,@tADVIIDR

KTPS
BPl
HDV
BICB
JSR
JSR
CHP
KOV
ClR
CHPB
SHE
JSR
JSR
KDV
CON
HDV
TSTB
BKI
BIC
KDV
KOV
XOlI
BIC
BHE
JSR
JSR
BR
INC
TSTB
SKI
INC
CKP
BlOS
CKP
JHP

PC,GETNXT
pe,GETEXP
-(SP),-(SPI
R5,ISPI
21SPI
RO,1137
11
PC,GETNXT
PC,GETEXP
R5,2ISP)
2ISP)
@tSAVEXP,R4
@tTKPHOD
41
.1.R4
@R4,Rl
ISPhRO
RO,Rl
2(SP)'R1
31
PC, TYPAllR
pe,TYPlDI
61
R4
@tTMPKOD
61
R4
RMtADVADR
21
(SPIt. ISPIt
CONTIN

HDVB
HDV
XOR
SIC
BIC

@R4,R1
ISP)'RO
RO,Rl
2(SPhRl
t177400,R1

ida entire block

'perfor. backward transfer
ida erltire Dlock

;see if underline has been e~ecuted
;it hasnft--error--.issin~ paralfter
;$ave upper search ranse li,it

t.f'.SAVx,@tLINFLG;show that saved e>:pressior\ has been used

A-68

;get character atter r
;get valiJe ta be searched for
;.ak!! space for two scratch locQtion on stack
;save vallJe to be 'Searched for Oft stac~;
hl"litializl? cOIiPleaent of search .as~. to zero
ii'S next character an underscore?

ina, optional task para.etet not F'resent
;~et character after underscore
iset search task
,store it on stack
;coI?le.ent task
i§et starting address at search range
,are we in byte lode
;~es, perfort bytewise search
;ror word sE'arch, lake sure address is fvefl
;get a word
j~et search value
jeo.pare values
~ isnore

bits that are .asked out
iM latch

location
itl§'e contents! but not as an instruction
iTYPLOl alread~ increaented R4
iadvance to next location
;ore we in b~te lode?
;~es, advance blJ one
ielse advarlce a whole word
;see if ef,tire raMe has been checked
;continue searchin~
idiscard stacked vallJes
irt't'over character in RO, fuse next ('cI.and
;t~pe address of latched

;'set a b!!lte
;get search value
icolPare values
jignore bits that are .asked out
iisnore discrepancies in high b~te

1-11 fViluition Kodul. Keni!o, KACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-K.r-83 O~:10 P.... ~l-l
Patsin~ Routines

172 W756 000747
173

174
EKOD:: JSR
175 H6700 004767 164540
176 146764 013704 007706
I1O'J
HOV
177 146770 012702 156256
178 H6n4 032704 100000
BIT
179 147000 004767 000132
JSR
180 147004 032704 004000
BIT
181 147010 004767 000122
JSR
182 147014 113704 007330
HOVB
183 147020 012702 156366
KOV
18-4 147024 132704 000100
BITB
185 H7030 001402
BEG
186 147032 004767 000100
JSR
~.:
187 H7036
188 147036 012702 156346
KOV
189 147042 132704 000002
BITB
190 147046 001002
SHE
191 147050 012701 156412
MV
6$:
191 147054 004767 000056
JSR
193 147060 012701 156362
KOV
194 147064 132704 000200
8lTB
195 147070 001402
8I:U
196 won 004767 164676
JSR
197 147076 012702 156376
KOV
7':
Bm
198 147102 131704 000300
199 147106 001002
BNE
200 147110 004767 000022
JSR
201 147114 012701 156432
lOS:
KOV
202 147120 031767 004000 040203
8lT
203 W126 004767 000004
JSR
204 147131 000167 177216
JHP

51
PC.CRlF
'tFLAGSloR4
tDIRVBI.R2
tF .PASloR4

pc.a

tF.HOST.R4
PC.II
itTHPKOO.R4
tOIRVSI.R2
IF .INST .R4
H

pc.a

;start a n~w line
;get a COPS of SOle lode flags
;point to PASSl cO.lland
;see if welre in PASS1 or PASS2
;print proper lode and point to NOPROT
;see if HOST or NOHOST is actiYI!
;pri~t

proper aode

;get a cOP~ of the rest of the lode flass
;point to INSTRU coe.and
;see if instruction lode is active
;brcmcn if not
jprint propel' lode

tOlRIIBA.R2
tF.ABS.R4
61
tDIRIISS.R2

;point to ABSOlU c~.. and
;see if absollJte or SYlbolic IIOdl! is active

i;H)solute .ode
;point to s~lbolic lode
pc.a
jprint ?T'oper lode
;poif)t to 8YTE conand
tDIRV8H.R2
IF.BYTK.R4
;see i1 b~te lode is active
7.
Ht isn't, print rrothins
PC.fRINT2
;else print BYTE cO'land
;point to word lode
tDIRVBN-4.R2
Ii t not b~te or inst.rurtiorl then word
If.INST·F.BYTK.R4

20.

pc.a
tDIRVBTtI4.R2
IF.VT.PERKOD
PC.I.
EeON

;point to vtlOde
;see if set
jgo show wich vt tode
jand re-turn

205

206 147136
207 147140
208 147141
20'1147144
210 147146
211 147152
212 147156
113 147162
214 147164

106746
106416

001001
011222
004767 164622
012700 004440
004767 164346
106426
001401
215 147166 022222
216 147170 000207

ll:

2$:

HFPS
KTPS
SHE
CKP
JSR

3S!

JSR
KTPS
BED
CMP
RTS

ItO\I

-(Sf)
;save- Z flas
(SP)
,get back i CQP~
;print ('oatand pointed to b~ R2
2.
(R211. (R11t
;else- advance to next CQ[IIt.anlj
;print co.tand, advance R2
PC.PRIHT2
t400101It040.RO 1(so,'.> <tab>
PC.CHROUT
(SPit
; reco~er Z 11as
ii1 we advanced before, don't Ijo it asain
31
;~ip oyer next co ••and
(R211'(R2It
PC

A-69

T-11 Evaluation "odulp Monitor MACRO UOS.CO
Parsins Routines
1
2
3
4147172
S 147176
.147200
7 147204

18 Hmo
19 147232
20147234
21 147236

22 Hmo

23 147242
24 147244
25 147246
26 147250
27 147252
28 147254
29 147256
30147260
31 147262
32147264
33 147266
34 147270
35 147272
36 147274
37147276
38 147300
39 147302
40 147304
41 147306
42 147310
43 147312
44 147314
45 147316
46
47 147320
48 147324
49 147330
50 147336
51 147342
52147346
53 1473S0
54 147354
5514735.
56 147362
57 147366

P.~ 44

.SSTTl Directive and Verb Handlin~ Routines
162702 000100
006202
020227 000042

103403
8 147206 005303

9 147210
10 147214
11
12
13 147220
14147220
15 147222
16 147214
17 147226

Su~'. 13-M.,-83 04:10

013701 007330
000172 147220

OOIltRSllSUS
ASR
CMP
1Il0

DEC

ItO\I

JMP

tDIRVRB-DSYKS,R2;retove offset frot index to verb
'I~.e ita word index
R2
Hs this verb an <ESC> sea. reF'liIceaent
R2.'URBDS1-~BDSP
;00
a
;Iake it so thit we can use pr~viaus routines
R3
;trol the escape seGuence handler
@tTMPftOD.Rl
@VRBDSPIR2)
,di5~atch to proper handlins routine

IJRBDSP: :

147320

147m

14741.
150202
150212
150222
150306
150504
150442
143164
143216
147776
W700
147466
147560
147634
147654
146150
146156
136752
146176
146210
146222
147444
146270
150012
146312
146760
146Jl2
152040
147374
147406

.WORD
.WORD
,WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.IIORD
.WORD
• WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.IIORD
.IIORD
.IIORD
•WORD
•WORD
URBDS1: .WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.IItlRD

.IIORD
.IIORD
.IIORD
.WORD

.WORD
.WOIID
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
•WORD
•WORD

HELP:: MOV
012702 156242
2.:
004767 164174
JSR
112737 000010 007341
"OIIB
a:
JSR
004767 164432
020227 156442
CMP
BHIS
103010
DECS
105337 007341
001763
BEO
012700 004440
HOU
004767 164142
JSR
BR
000763

HRP
Gl)

STEP
PASS1
PASS2
HOST
HOHOST
TAlK
LOAIr
CMOH2
CMON3
$.EVEN
\.ASCI
I. BYTE
I.IIORD
I.BLKS
I.BLKW
EADS
[CAN

SHALT

; .START

;.END

;ABSOLU point to the start of escape
;CANCEL
;EXIT

;Bm

EBY!
ElNS
ECLR
DELETE
BIIIM
IRPEAT
ESYI!
EMOD
EREG
TYPTBL
UTON
vroFF

.DELETE
;WORD
; REPEAT
.SYMBOL
;SHOWHO
; S!iOl/RE
;SIIOWSY
mON
;VTOFF

IDIR~B.R2

;t!n"! the verb/dirpctive table on

HNSTRU

;CLEAAI

;start i new line
PC.CRLF
18,,@tCOUNTZ
;put 8 cOllands on a line
; print a cOMantj
PC,PRINT2
,have we done the whole table?
R20ICHNElIS
;~s
31
@lCOIJHT2
,have we finished a line?
;~es
21
1400t0111040.RO ;t,pe <.pace> (t.o>
PC,CHROUT
11

A-70

the console

T-l1 Evaluation Kodule Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sund" 13-H,r-83 04:10 P,se 41-1
Directive and Verb Handlins Routines

58
59 147370
60
61 147374
62 W402
63
64 W406
65 147414
66
67 W416
68 147424
69 147432
70 147440

COHTIN

;recover character in RO, continue parsins line

052767 004000 037726 VTON: SIS
000167 174176
VTJMP: JIIP

Ir.VT,TMPHOD
CHON5

;turn vt .ode on

042767 004000 037714 VTOFF: SIC
SR
000772

Ir.VT,TIIPHDD
VTJMP

;turn vt off

052737 000200 007706 STEP: :
152737 000001 007324
023727 007746 006500 GO::
000167 172256

Ir .SST, PlrLMlSl ishow WE' are sinsle stepping

000167 174216

3t:

JIIP

BIS
BISB
CHP
JNP

71
72

73 147444 005203
74 147446 004767 175040
75 147452 005303
76 147454 132737 000002
77 147462 000167 176552
78
79
80 147466 013737 007756
81 147474 004767 175022
82 147500 113746 007330
83 147504 052737 000200
84 147512 013704 007334
85 147516 004767 005006
B6 147522 112637 007330
87 147526 110514
B8 147530 005237 007334
89 147534 120027 000054
90 147540 001003
91 147542 004767 163660
92 147546 000752
93
94 147550 013737 007334
95 147556 000571
96
97
98 147560 013737 007756
99 147566 004767 174730
100 147572 013704 007334
101 147576 004767 004726
102 147602 010524
103 147604 010437 007334
104 147610 120027 000054
105 147614 001003
106 147616 004767 163604
107 147622 000761
108
109 147624 013737 007334
110 147632 000543
111
112
113 147634 004767 174662
114 147640 106437 007326

DELETWINC
JSR
DEC
007326

BITS
Jltp

tr.SST1,PILINFLG
PIISP,IIUR
jis user SP in his RAH?
;IJse ke':lpad lanito:' GO routine
1001
;counteract earlier DEC RJ in this C3se
R3
;set SYlbol nate to !;Ie deleted
PC,GENEXP
;r.ow prepare to use <ESC> seCluence routine
R3
tF.VALU,@tCURCOHireplaces test on LASCOH in EDEl
;!:Io to routine t.o delete a S':ltbol
EDELl

007334 t.BYTE: :MOV
u:
JSR
IIOVB
007330
BIS
IIOV
JSR
HOVB
HOVB
INC
CIIPB
BNE
JSR
BR

@ttADDR"tADVADR;!:Iet a scratch COP':I 0' current address
PC,GETEXP
;set a value to be deposited
!tTIIPHDD,-(SP) aool ADRCHK into thinldM we are in b':lte lode
Ir.BYTH,@ITMPMOD
;!:Iet runniM copy of current address
@IADVADR,R4
;check that it's not in probcle,j RAM
PC,ADRCH2
(SPH,@ITHPItOD ;restore proper lOde bits
;deposit a b",te
R5,@R4
@IADVADR
;advance runniM address
hs next. character a COllla?
RO,1054
21
ina
PC,GETHXT
;get character after COila
;deposit another b~te
11

007756 2$:

'tADVADR"tSADDR;update current address
VCOH

HOV
BR

007334 t.WORD::MOV
1$:
JSR
HOV
JSR
NOV
IIOV
CIIPB
BHE
JSR
BR

@ttADDR"tADVADR,!:Iet a scratch COP':l of current address
PC,GETEXP
ifet a value to be depo5ited
;set runnins address
mDVADR,R4
,check. that it's not in protected RAI1
PC,ADRCH2
R5,(R41t
ideposit a word
;advance runniM ('01'':1 of (,lJrrent address
R4,@tADVADR
RO,1054
lis next character a cOI~a?
2$
ina
PC,GETNXT
;set character after COila
;deposit another word
If

007756 2t:

itADVADR,UtADDRiIJPdate current address
VCON

MOV
DR

t.BUB: lJSR
NTPS

PC,GETEXP
@ICURCOH

A-71

;set arsulent
icheck it it contained undefined s!:Ilbols

T-ll Evaluatio~ Module Monitor MACRO V05.OO Sunda. 13-Mar-83 04:10 Pase 44-2
DirfCtive and Verb Ha~dling Routines
SHE
ADD
DR

VERRI
R5,mADDtl
VCON

;it did, refuse .8LKB directive
;add it to current aodress

t.BLK": :JSR

PC,GETEXP

i~et ar~Ulent

~tCURCOH

;check if it contained undefined syabols
Ht dieh refuse .lItKW dirto'ct-ive
;.ake a scratch cop~
idouble it
;add it to current address

115 W6H 001H6
116 147646 060537 007756
117 147652 000533
118
119

120 147654 004767 174642
121 147660 106m 007326
122 147664 001136
123 147666 010504
124 147670 006304
125 147672 060437 007756
126 147676 000521
127
128
129 H7700 110037 007345
130 147704 013737 007756
131 147712 004767 163m
132 147716 120037 007345
!33m7n 001417
134 147m 113m 007330
135 147730 0,2737 000200
136 147736 013704 007334
137 lm42 004767 004562
138 147746 112637 007330
139 147752 110014
1<40 147754 005237 007334
141 147760 000754
142
143 147762 013737 007334
144 147770 004767 163432
I4S 147774 000462
146
147
148 147776 00,237 007756
149 150002 042737 000001
150 1,0010 0004,4
1,1
152
1,3 1,0012 00,203
1,4 150014 004767 174502
1,5 150020 106437 007326
156 1,0024 001056
157 1,0026 005705
158 150030 001450
159 150032 120027 0000,4
160 150036 001043
161 1,0040 000167 176232
162
163
164
165 150044 005203
166 1,0046 004767 000006
167 1,0052 005303
168 1,00,4 000167 176304
169
170 1,0060 004767 174436
171 1,0064 120027 000137

SHE
NOV
ASl

ADD
DR

007334

t.ASCI::HOVB
ItO'I
1$:
JSR
CHPB
BEO

HOVB
DIS
HOV
JSR
HOVe

007330

~OVB

INC
BR
007756 2$:

~IIV

JSR
BR

007756

\.EVEN: lINC
BIC
DR

IRPEAT: : I NC
JSR
~TPS

BHE
TST
BEQ
CHPB
BHE
JHP

VERRI
R5,R4
R4
R4,HfADDR
VCOll
RO,UDELIM

;save deliaitet

@ttADDRr9.ADVADR;~et a scratch cOP~ of current address

iset ne~t character, don't fold to uPper case
PC,6ETCHC
;have we reached deliliter yet?
RO,@'DELlH
iyes, done
21
@tTHPHOD,-(SPI ifool ADRCHK into thinking we are in byte lode
tF.BYTH,@'THPHOD
@IADVADR,R4
iget runniM COPY of current address
ichedk that it's not in protected RAK
PC,ADRCH2
(SPltr@tTHPHOD irestore proper lode bits
;deposit a b!:lte
RO,'R4
@lAIIVADR
;advance running address
11

@tADVADR,@'IADDR;uPdat. current address
;set character after deli.iter
PC,GElHXT
VCON

@tlADOR
tI,@tlADDR
VCON
R3
PC,GETEXP
mURCOH
VEftRI
R5
RERR
RO,t054
VERR
EREP

;counteract earlier DEC R3 in this case
iget repeat count
;check if it contained undefined ssabols
lit did, refuse REPEAT cOI.and
isee if a repeat of zero was given
; refuse zero
;cher~ that a COila follows
;no COila. error, .i55in~ paraleter
;so to repeat cO.land line routine

.EHABl
1tO'IE"
" INC
JSR
DEC
JHP

LSD

E~OV

;counteract earlier DEC R3 in this case
address pair
;prepare to use <ESC) seouence rountine
j~o to routine to lOve it IflOry block

PC,GETEXP
RO,t137

;get first address
Hs it followed ~ an underline?

JSR
CHPB

PC,II

j~et

A-72

1-11 Evaluation "odule Konitor MCRO V05. 00 Sunday 13-"ar-B3 04:10 Po;e 44-3
Directive and Verb Handlins Routines
In 150070 001026
173 150072
174 150076
175 150104
176 150110

010537
152737
004767
000167

iNE
~OV

007336
000010 007324
163316
17H06

SISB
JSR
JIIf'

;no, lissins: paraletef
;save the first address
tF.SAVX,@tLINFLG;show we have saved sOlethin5 in SAVEXP
;.!Jet character a1tH underline
PC.GHNXT
;Set second address
GHEIP
VERR
R5.rtSAVEXP

177

17B
179 150114
180 150116
181 150122
182 150126
183 150130
184
185
186
187 150134
188
189 150142
190
191 150146
192
193 150152
194 15015.\
195
196 150162
197 150166
198
199 150172
200 150200
201
202 150202
203 150210
204
205 150212
206 150220
207
208
209 150222
210 ·150230
211 150232
212 150236
213 150242
214 150246
215 150254
216 150260
217 150266
21B 150274
219 150302
220
221
222 150306
223 150312
224 150314
225 150320
226 150326
227 150334
22B 150342

005203
004767 177736
120027 000054
001007
000lb) 176424

FIND: : INC
JSR
CN'S
SNE
JHf'
•DSABl

052737 040000 007706 HOPROT::BIS

R3
peru,
RO.t054
VERR

EFHr.

;cOIJnteract earlier DEC R3 irl this case
;get address pair
lis it followed b~ a cOlaa!
;no, lissin~ paralter
;90 to routine to find a value (search .e.or~)

LSD

IF, PROT ,@tFLAG511turn off loni tor scratch f'rotectiorl
;r all

,,,t. VCON

000167 173450

VCON:

JHP

CHON6

;cOl',tinue parsing

000167 173012

VERR:

J"r

CIION2

;general error

012701 151412
000167 173030

RERR:

NOV

tREPOfO.R2
ERROR

;reppat of zero error

JIIf'

012701 151372
000167 173020

VERRIl

HOV
JIll'

tIJlfDEFX.R2
ERROR

;undefined expression error

042737 040000 007706 PR01EC: : BIC
DR
000760

tF.PROT,@tFlAGSHturn on .anitor scratch protection

052737 100000 007706 PASSl:: BIS
000754
DR

tF.PASl.@tFlAGSl;sh.w w. are in PASSI ••d.
VCON

042737 100000 007706 PASS2:: Ble
000750
DR

tF .PASJ,UFlA6SHshow w. are i" PASS2 •• d.
VCOH

032737
001346
105037
105037
004767
052737
105737
012737
112737
112737
000167

004000 00770. HOST:: BIT
BNE
007672
cm
007673
ClRB
164656
JSR
004000 007706
SIS
lST8
177550
134540 000120
HOV
00004. 007711
"ova
HOVa
000046 177452
173304
JNP

105737
lOOm
105037
112737
112737
042737
000677

NOtIOST: :1518
BHI
CLRB
007673
000042 007711
/IOVB
000042 177452
HOVB
BIC
004000 007706
DR
007673

VCON

tF.HOST,@tFlAGS1iare we already in host .ode?
hes, error
VERR
@tHFP
;initialize host input buffer
,aM host rIMS
@tHSTFLG
i.atch oux port baud rate to console ~Drt
PC.SHAI2
tF.HOST.!tFlAGSl;set host ••d.
idiscard an~ jarbase in the port
@tAfRBUF

tHOSTIN,@tAUXIn ;hook UP host input service routine
iS8ve a neW" copy of At-CREG vallJe
;enable aux port receiYer interrlJPt
irecover character in RO

t046.!tAUXFLG
t046.@tAfCREG
CONTIN

;are we in host load lode~
;~S, refuse NOHOST coatand
;clear host flags
;s8ve a COP~ of new At-CREG yalue
;disable aux port receiYE!r interrtJ~t
tF,HOST,@tFLAGSlishow we are flat in host .. ode

@tHS1FlG
UERR
@tHS1FLG
t042.@tAUXFlG
t042.@tAfCREG
VCON

A-73

T-11 Evaluation Module "">fIi tor "ACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-"a,-83 04:10 Pose 44-4
Directive and Verb Handling Routines
229

230
231 150344
150347
232 150352
233 150354
150357
150362
150365
1503)0
150m
1503)6
150401
150404
15040)
150m
150m
150420
150423

150m
15~31

150434
150m
234 150441
235
236
23) 150442
238 150442
239 150450
240 150452
241 150456
242 150460
243 150466
244 150470
245
246 150472
247 150500
248 150502
249
250 1505~
251 150512
252 150514
253 150520
251 150522
255
256 150530
25) 150534
258 150510
259 150544
260 150550
261
262 150556
263 150562
264 150566
265 1505)0
266 1505)4
26) 150576

056
101
015
105
105
124
040
050
123
105
040
050
116
102
101
054
101
123
104
101
077
000

123
122
012
040
130
051
122
122
125
051
102
123
104
122
113
040
040
105
040
051
000

124
124
050
III
054
040
105
liS
054
040
lOS
040

•. snn: .ASCII I.STARTI

;string to latch for enablins at load lOde

;<CR). <LF)
OPTION: .BYTE 015.012
.ASCll IE (EXITI. R lRESlR1El. B (SEHD BREAK), -A (SEHD -Al 'I

105

OSI
136
050
116
136
040
•BYTE

;because the linker won't zero till

.ENABL L5B

BlOAD: :
032)3) 004000 00))06 LOAD:: BIT

BEG

001410
105)3) 00)673
100405
152737 000100 00)673
005002
000417
032737 020000 00))06 LERR:
001622
12$:
00020)

ISIB
8ft!
8158
CLR
8R

TALK I

BIT

tf.T8AS,@tFLAGSliare we runoin~ Tin~ Basic?

RTS

VERR
PC

BED

03273) 004000 007706 TALK:: BIT
BED
001615
TST8
105)3) 007673
8ft!
100612
BICB
112737 000100 00)673
106427
005737
105737
004)67
112737

TAm: ms
000300
TST
177562
TST8
177550
JSR
162)54
KOVB
000011 177444

00476) 000364
105737 1))560
100017
113)01 177552
000240
006201

bf:

tF.HOST,@tFlAGS1,is host lode enabled?
;no, refuse LOAD cOI.and
LERR
;are we in host load lode?
PtHS1FLG
;~es, refuse LOAD cOIAland
LEIlR
tF.LDST,@tHSTFl6;show we want to start loadins upon .START
;initialize index to latch .START strins
R2

JSR
TSTB
BPL
MOVB
HOP
ASR

;no
;~es,

return to BASIC

tF.HOST.~tFlAG51;is ho.t lode ,nabl.o?

;no, refuse LOAD COIaand
VEfiR
;are we in host load lOde?
PtHSTFlG
j~es, refuse TAlK COlland
\I£l!R
tf.LDS1.PIHSTfLG;sho. w•• ant to isno,' .START
t300
mtRBUF
ftAlRBUf
PC,CRlF
1011, UP$PORC

;disable interrupts except console brea~
;clear an~ ~arbaSe in the ports

PC.CLRAPE
PtClRCSR
2'
UAfSREG.RI

;clear aux port error
iuser type a character?

A-74

;slart a new line
aurn on lEII durin! vi rtua! terlina! operation

i""

;chec~ host port status

;na place holder for the abov~ line t ..

T-ll Evaluation ~odule Konitor MACRO VOS.OO SUfld.. 13-M,,-83 04:10 r ... 44-5
Dirlctivl and Vero Hif'ldhn~ Routines
2.8 150.00
269 150602
270 1506%
271 150610
272 150614
273 150.20
m 150m
275
27. 150626
277 150.32
278 150616
279 150640
280 150644
281 150650
282 150654
283 150656
284 150664
285 150666
286 150670
287 150672
288 150674
289 150700
290 150704
291 150706
292 150710
293 150714
294 150m
295 150722
296
297 150724

103012
013700
100407
042700
120027
001450
110037
113701
ll2701
001751
1Il7oo
042700
ll2701
oo1l40
132737
001420
010001
005702
001402
042701
120162
001007
005202
020227
103404
110037
000470

177562
171600
000001
117450

9S:

177552
000002

2S:

117550
177400
000170
000100 007673

000040
150344

14$:

000006
177566
~t:

005002

5t:

100313
110037 177566
000710
012701
004167
105737
100375
013700

2$
etCIRBUF,RO
2$
t177.0Q,RO
RO,tl
3$
RO,@tA$XBUF

HOVB
BITB
BEQ
HOVS
SIC
SlTB
SHE
BITS

@tAlSR[U,Rl
t002,RI

BEQ

298 150726 105737 177564
299 150732
300 150734
301 150740
302
303 150742
304 15074.
305 150752
306 150756
307 150760
lOB 150764
309 150766

BCC
IIOV
FHI
BIC
CIIPB
BEQ
HOVB

150352
163002
177560

3$!

B.:

177562

lOOm
042700 177600

310 150m 110037 177566

311 150776 120027 000001
312 151002 001707
313 151004 042700 000040
314 151010 120027 000102
315 151014 001012
316 151016 012701 100000
317 151022 112737 000057 177452
11$:
318 151030 077101
319 151032 '112737 000047 177452
320 151040 000650
321
lOt:
322 151042 120027 000105
323 151046 001245
324 151050 112737 000010 177444

HOV
TST
BEO
BIC
CHPB
SNE
INC
CHP
BLO
HOVS
DR

;CTS not asserted or trans.itter not e&pt~
iSet character fro. console
,ignore error characters
i.ake SfJre no parity bit set
;isit~A'?

i~es, exit talk lOde
;na, output character to host
~check host

port status
ido we have a character?
1$
ino
l't.\$RSUF ,RO
;get character frol host
t1774oo,RQ
;prevent sign extend
pis it break or an error?
U70,Rl
6$
;~es, ignore character
.f.LOST,~tHSTFLG; ... NO lookiM for .START?
5$
;no
;Iake iI scratch copy of charadeI'
RO,Rl
,don't fold the period
R2
IU

ifold lower case to upper case
idoes character latch?
;00, go back to the '.' in .START and tr~ again

R2
R2.t6
5.
RO,l'tCIXBUF
7$

;have we aatched entire ;trinS?
ino, continue with next character
;send the character without dela~!
;a latch, start loading

CLR
TSTS
SPL
HOVD
SR

R2
PlCIXCSR
II
ROtPICIXBUF

;i; console port read~ for a character
;no, drop character
;yes, echo character to console

HOV
JSR
TSTB
BPl
HOV
8HI
DIC
HOVa

tOPIIDH,RI
pt,PRINTA
PiC$RCSR
81
@tC$RBUf.RO
8$
U77600,RO
RQ,@tClXBUF
RO.tt
9$
t040,RO
Ro.tl02

iset charadeI' frol corlsol~
;cnaracter caused an error, tr~ asain
ilake sure no parity bit set
;echo character ta console
;15 it ~A'?
;~es, send it to host
ifold lower case to upper
iis it B?

10.

ina

tl000oo,RI
t057,@tAlCREG
Rl, .
1047,ltA$CREu

isend break
iwait a while

; resule t"o-wa~ cOlllmication

RO,tlO5

iis it E7
;00, resu.e cOl.unication
;turn off LED indicator

BEQ
FIC
ClfB
BNE
ItO'I

HOVS
SOB
HOVB
SR
CHPS
8NE
HOVa

t040,Rl
Rl,$.STRHR21

a
tOlo.rmPllRt

A-75

;point to lessase
;priot ASCII string 00 console
;wait for a character

T-11 Evaluation "odule Monitor HACRO vas.OO Sunda. 13-Ha.-83 04:10 Pa,. 44-6
and V!rb Handling Routines

~irective

325 151056 112737
326 151064 106427
327 151070 032737
328 151076 001201
329 151100 000167
330
331 151104 152737
332 151112 112737
333 151120 112737
334 151126 106427
335 151132 032737
336 151140 001356
337 151142 000167
338
331 151146 112737
340 151154 112737
341 151162 000207
342

000046 177452
000000
020000 007706
13.:

172112
000200
000010
000046
000000
020000
172056

007673
177444
177452
007706

7.:

HIl'III
HTPS
BIT
DHE
JHP

,disable aUK port trans.itter interrupt
ireenable interrupts
tF.TBAS,@tFLAGSl;are we running Tin~ Basic?
;':Ies, return to BASIC
121
;return to console lonitor
CHOH3

DISD
HOVB
HOVB
HTPS
BIT
BHE
.lItP

tF.lOAD,ftHSTFlG;set host load oode
IOl0,ftPIPORC ;turn off LfD indicator
t046,ptAICREG ;disable aUK port translitter interrupt
;reenable interruF'ts A.S.A.P.
1000

000067 177452 CLRAPE: ItOve
000047 177452
HOVe
RTS
•DSABL

t046,ftAICREG
tooo

tF.TBAS"tFlAGSl;are we running Tin~ Basic?
;~s, return to BASIC
131
(HOH31
;return to console lonitor
t06MtAICREG
t047,@tAICREG
PC
LSB

A-76

;clear aUK F'ort error flags
iasser DTR. RTS, enable aux port xlit and recv

T-ll Evaluation "odule Konitor HACRO ~5.00 Sunda. 13-Har-83 04:10
Directive and Verb Handling Routin@s

1
2
.SBTTL
3
.ENAiL
4
5 151164 132737 000002 007327 DOS'OO:: :OITB
BEQ
6 1511n 001423
7 151174 010237 007334
HOV
JSR
a 151200 004767 162222
HTPS
9 151204 106437 007332
8MI
10 151210 100434
BCS
11 151212 103m
12 1512H 004767 17JJ02
JSR
13 151220 106437 007326
HTPS
14 151224 001010
SHE
15 151226 013702 007334
HOV
16 151232 020227 000054
ClIP
17 151236 103407
BlO
18 151240 101012
BHI
19 151242 000167 171716
l.:
JIIP
20
13.: HOV
21 151246 012702 151372
JHP
22 151252 000167 171734
23
24
25 151256 006202
41:
AS!!
26 151260 010562 007732
HOV
27 151264 000404
BR
28
29
30 151266 042705 000001
5.:
BIC
31 151m 010562 007700
HOV
32 151276 000167 172314
6.:
JHP
33
34 151302 102021
a: BVC
HOV
35 151304 013746 007320
HOV
36 151310 013746 007322
37 151J14 004767 173202
JSR
HTPS
38 151320 106437 007326
SHE
39 151324 001006
40 151326 010504
Hoo
41 15!3J0 012637 007322
tIOV
42 15!3J4 012637 007320
HOV
43 151340 000446
BR
44
CHP
45 1513~2 022626
12t:
46 151J44 000754
BR
47
48 151346 010446
2.:
HOV
JSR
49 151350 004767 173146
HTPS
50 151354 106437 007326
BNE
51 151360 001332
MOV
52 151362 010504
lOt:
CHP
53 151J64 022604
SHE
54 151J66 001J2S
BR
55 151370 000742
56
57 151372 102564 020071 054114 UNDErx: .RADSO

Pa~e 45

Soobol and Label Handli~ Routines
LSD
tF.VALU,~tLASCO"icheck that

list 'colland' was not valu@d
iWiS evaluated, error
istore index here
iiet next leanin~tul character after =
iSI@ what ~ind of s~.bol we are definins
~I£XPFLG
;user defined nale
11
iwas a lONonic, directive, or vero--error
31
pe,6ETEXP
iset value to be eauated
icheck if it contained undefined s~lbols
@lCURCOH
iit did, refuse s~lbol definition
m
~IAD<MDR,R2
i!let back index
R2,IDSYHUR-DSYHSlwhat is na.e?
IRO thrO\Bh •
41
51
IB1 thr.~h B4
;else show err·or
CH0N2

31
R2,@lAD<MDR
PC,GETNXT

tUHDErX,R2
ERROR

iundefined expression error

R2
RS,IROIR2)
61

;aake a word index
i5et appr~riate re~i5ter, watch~oint, or ','

ibreakpoints have even addresses
tloR5
R5,BRKFIL-<DSYHURt4-DSYHS)IR2) ;5et approprite Dreakpoint
CHOH6

21
isYlbol alreadY defined
mBlTOP,-ISP) ;savt naae of s~abol we are defining
~tTSLTOPt2,-ISP)

PC,6[TEXP
;~et value to be set
@lCURCOH
icheck if it contained undefined 5~lbo15
iit did, iSnore s~lbol definition
121
R5,R4
;~et value to be set
ISP)t,@tTBLTOPt21,.cover n..e
ISP)t.~ITSLTOP

91
(SP)t.ISPlt
61

iF-OJ> saved nale

R4,-ISP)
pe,GETEXP
@lCURCOH

;SiYl present value of s~.ool

\JI

R5,R4
ISP)t.R4
31
61

;auiet1!J il1nore s~abol definition
;~et value to be set
;check if it contained undefined 5~lbo15
iit did, refuse 5~lIbol definition
jput value in R4
;see if s~.bol or label is beins chan~ed
;it is, which is not perlitted
;no chanse, 50 auietly ignore co.~and

/UNDEFINED EXPRESSION/

A-77

I-II [valuation Hodule HDnitor HACRO VOS.OO Sunda. 13-Har-83 04:10 PM. 45-1
and label Handlin~ Routines

S~.bol

151400 000340 0633;",; 074701
151406 057760
58 151410 000000
59 151412 070530 017574 001136
151m 0020;",; 071330
60 151424 000000
61
62 151426 132737 000002 007327
63 151m 001702
64 151436 004767 161764
65 151m 106437 007332
66 151446 100275
67 151450 102037
68 15H52 013704 001756
69
70 15HS6 013702 007462
71 151462 162702 000006
72 15H66 020227 006500
73 151472 101011
74 151474 012702 151504
75 151500 000167 171506
76 151504 076452 D4571 0 024324
151512 045400
77 151514 000000
78
79 151516 106427 0003\0
80 151522 010237 007462
BI 151526 013722 007320
82 151532 013722 007322
B3 151536 010422
84 151540 IOW7 000000
as 151544 000167 172042
86
87 151500 010446
88 151552 013704 007756
89 151556 000702
90

•WORD 0
REPOFO: .RADSQ fREPEAI or ZEROf
.WORD

DOLABL::mB
BEO
JSR
HTPS
BPL
BVC
HOV

IF.VALU,PILASCOH
31
PC,GETNXT
;see what kirld of label we afe defifllos
mXPFLG
;r-redeflm!d s':IIIbols Limit be labels
31
;user nale all"ead'J deflflel~
81
;iet value to be set
PISADDR,R4

MOV
SUB
CMr
8HI
MOV
JMP
TBLFUL: .RAD50

UTBlBOT ,R2
;set bot tot of s~.bol table
;~o down one entr~
IIuR2
R2,.tUR ;is there sPace for new entr~?
;~S
11$
IlBlFUL,R2
;point to lE'ssaSe
;prinl error ,essaSe
ERROR
flABlE FULl!

91:

11$:

•WORD

MTPS
MOV
MOV

'.ake s~lbol table alterations atolic
1340
jb~ blockin~ console break, etc,
R2,PITBLBOT
PIlBLTOP.!R2lt ;slore first word of nale
@ITBLTOPI2,IR211;and s.cond word
;store SYlbol's value
R4dR2lt
;restore interrupt service
tooO
; recover character in 1<:0, get nl?i:t cOlillarld
CONlIN

ItOV

NOV
MTPS
JliP

BS:

R4'-(SP)
@IIADlIlhR4
101
BR
.DSABl LSB
II1JV

MOV

A-78

;save PT!Sent value of label
jget cijrrent address! wnich is value to be set

T-ll Evaluation Module Monitor ItACRO 1'05. 00 Sunda. 13-Mar-83 04:10 Pa.. 46
S!llbol and label Handlin!! Routines
iff

2
3
4
5 151560
6 151564
7 151570
8 151572
9 151574
10 151576
11
12 151600
13 151604
14 151606
15 151612
16 151614
17 151616
18 151620
19 151622
20
21 151624
22 151626
23 151630
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 151632
32 151640
33 151642
34 151646
35 151652
36 151654
37 151660
38 151662
39 151666
40
41 151670
42 151672
43

GETSYH .atche~ a new nile to the SYlbol table.
j--

013702 007462
020227 007320
103403
005004
000277
000207

GETSYM!!MOV
2$:
CMP
BlO

022237 007320
001007
022237 007322
00100S
012204
000270
000242
000207

005722
005722
000755

3$:

;start searchin~ at bolta. of table

;yes

CLR

RTS

sec

·n:

@ITBlBOT ,R2
R2,ITBLTOP

ClIP
BHE
CMP
BNE
l10V
SEN
CLV
RTS
TST
TST
BR

iany lore entries!

;(la9 nale not found
(R2)h@ITBlTOP ;does fi rst word of nale latch?
ioo
(R2)t"tTBlTOPt2isecond word latch?

;00

(R2)hR4

iset value
ishow this is a user defined s':Ilbol

iand that is has a value
PC

(R2H
(R2lt

;advance to next entry

i+l

KATSYK lalches the nUiber in Rl to SYlboI valurs, starting with the lOst
recently defined. Returns a pointer in R2 if latched. Returns Nset if
no latch.
i--

132737
001013
013702
020227
103006
026201
001404
062702
000767
000270
000207

tr.ABS,@tTMPMOD iabsolute 1Od.?

000002 007330 ItATSYM: :SITB
SHE
MOO
007462
2$:
CMP
007320
BH1S
CHP
000004
BEQ
4S!
ADD
000006
SR

SEN
RTS

1$:

3$:

!ITBlSOT,R2
R2,tTBLTOP
11

4(R2) ,Rl
3$
t6,R2

A-79

h,es, indicate no latch
is.t botto. of table

;anY IOf!! entries?
ioo
ida we have a latch1
;!:Ie5

jgO to next nale

T-11 Ev.lu.tion Kodule """,to, MCRO 1105, 00 SundaY 13-H.,-83 04:10 P,ge 47
S~ol

and Label Handlin!! Routines
I

2
3
4
5 151674
6 151702
7 151706
8 151710

DELSYK deletes the s~lbol table enlt~ just below R2.
;--

062737 000006 007462 DELSYH::ADD
2tt
CHP
020237 007462
101001
BHI
RTS
000207

10 151712
11 151716
12 mm
13 151726

016242 177770
016242 177770
016242 177770

~OV

MV
HOV
DR

000765

t6,@tTBL~OT

R2,HT8LBOT
1.
PC

idone ~et?
;hO, love UP all lower entries

-10IR2h-IR2)
-10IR2),-IR2)
-10IR2) ,-IR2)
2.

;IOVf three words for eac~ entrY

15
16

itt

TYPREG hpes the contents of re~isters RO throo!:lh PS and the ~at('hpoint
address and contents it the address is not zero.

18
19
20 151730
21 151736
22 151m
23 151750
24 151754
25 151760
26 151764
27 151770

;-112737 000011 007340 TYPREG: :NOVB
IIO\i
012737 156112 007334

004767 161554
013702 007334
004767 162014
010237 007334
162702 156146
004767 173674
012700 020075
004767 161524
010401
004767 003064
105337 007340
001352
013704 007754
001404
004767 003216
000167 003056
000207

28 151774
29 152000
30 152004
31 152006
32 152012
33 152016
34 152020
3S 152024
36 152026
37 152032
38 152036
39
40
41
42
43
44 152040 016746
45 152044 042767
46 152052 013702
47 152056 020227
48 152002 103003
49 152064 004767
50 152070 000772
51 152072 012667
52 152076 000167
53
54 152102 004767
55 152106 004767
56 152112 012700
57 152116 004767

JSR
MV
JSR
MV
SUB
JSR
NOV
JSR
NOV

JSR
DECB
BNE
HOV

iborrow ADVADR as a poinler
pe,CRLF
j start a new line
HADVADR,R2
PC,PRINT2
;t~P€ nile ot resister
R2"tADVADR
IDSYNSt4,R2
;gO bac~ to resister nate
;~t contents of resister
PC,PIlSVAL
1400l040t075,RO ;t.pe • <,p,ce>
PG,CHRDUT
R4,R1
,get rE'9isU?r contents
itYfe nu.ericall~
PC,TYPN"1
mOUNT!
U

@"WATClhR4

JSR

PC, TYPADR
TYPLOI
PC

RTS

icount 9 registers

tDSY~,@tADVAOR

lEa
JIW

2.:

t9 .. nCOOIHI

;g"t watct\f.oint address
;watchpoint not set
;ty~e Natch~oint address
;t~pe in current ~ode

iff

; TYPUtL type-!. thl' erltire user ssabol table.
j--

035264
TYPTBL: :MOV
000200 035256
BIC
007462
"OV
7$:
GNP
007320
BHIS
000012
JSR
DR
035232
1$:
MOV
171502
JNP

TNPNOD,-(SP)
ilake ss'bols show UP in word .ode
tF.DYTM,TNPNOD
@lT8LBOT,R2
;start at the bot tOt of the table
R2,ITBLTOP
idooe ':let?

161416
161662
020075
161406

PC,CRLF
islart a new line
; t':lP(I s'Aho 1 nale
PC,PRINT2
1400l040t075,RO a.,. • <"ace>
PC,CNROUT

TYPSYN: : JSR
JSR
MOV

JSR

;':Ies

PC,TYPSYH
71
ISP)hTIIPNOD
CMNS

it':lfe the nale and value of one 5Ylbol

A-80

;put back to watever lode it was in
;~et next eoa-and

T-II Ev.lu.tion Kodule "ani tar "AeRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-".r-83 04:10 P.se 47-1
S~lbol

and label Handlin~ Routines

58 152122 012201
59 152124 000167 002746

"OV
JKP

(R2)hRl

i!l'et value

TlPNltI

jhp!! it nuaericall~

T-l1 Evaluation Module Monitor KACRO V05.00 Sund •• 13-"or-83 04:10 PaSe 4S
S!:Ilboi and LiWel Handlin!! Routines

2
3
4 152130 050405
5 152132 000207
6
7 152134 005104
8 152136 040405
9 152140 000207
10
11 152142 011lS00
12 152144 005005
13 152146 060005
14 152150 077402
15 152152 000207
16
17 152154 060405
IS 152156 000207
19
20 152160 160405
21 152162 000107
22
23 152164 005000
24 152166 005704
25 152170 001403
26 152172 005200
27 152174 160405
28 152176 103175
29 152200 010005
30 152202 00510S
31 152204 000207

.S~TTL

Arithletic Routines

LOGOR:: BIS
RTS

R4.R5
PC

lOGAND: :CO"
BIC
RTS

"ULTlP::"OV
CLR
1$:
ADD
SOB
RTS

R5,RO
RO.RS
R4.11
PC

ADm:: ADD
RTS

R4.RS
PC

SUBTR:: SUB
RTS

R4.RS
PC

DIVID:: CLR
TST

RO
R4
2\
RO
R4.R5

BEG
1$:

2$:

INC
SUB
BeC
HOV
MC
RTS

R4.R5
PC
;Iake a tDf'~ of first factor
;clear accululator

R:i

;aultipl~ b~ successive

addition

;count down secood factor

iinitialize Quotient
;are we dividing b~ zero?
;yeSt return 177777
Hncre~nt Quotient
;tr!:! subtractin~ divisor froD dividend
tsuccessful, nC) underflow
;rep!ace accuaulator with Quotient

RO.RS
R5
PC

;adjust for excessive increaent of RO

A-8!

1-11 Evaluation ttodule JIIonitor MCRO V05.00 Sund •• 13-H.r-83 0~:10 Pate ~9
Arithl@tic Routines
1
2
3
~

.SBTTL Instruction Encode/Decode Routines

GETlNS takes an index to a aneaonic in R2t and the .m~.onic' 5 base value

in R~. It parses an~ needed operands and stores the resultins code ~t the
5
current address.
6
;-7
B
R4,-(SP)
;save the base OPcode value
9 152206 010446
GETlNS: :ttev
;chec~ that it's even and in user RA~
10 152210 004767 002310
PC,ADRt:Hl
JSR
i,ake a b~te index
11 152214 006202
ASR
R2
;for the PAR~S table
12 152216 006202
ASR
R2
;save OPcode address here
13 152220 010437 007336
RMISAVEXP
ItOIJ
tF.SAUK,@tLINfLGtPrevenl interference with norlal use of SAVEXP
14 152224 142737 000010 007324
BICB
(SPlt'(R4l1
;store base opcode value
15 152232 012624
HOV
R4,fIADVADR
ifirst operand address
16 152234 010431 007334
IIOV
iinitialize add~5Sing lode scratch
17 152240 105037 007342
ClRB
PIHODE
PARAHS(R2) ,Rl ;~et fortat code
IIOVB
18 1522~4 116201 156034
iaale a word index
19 152250 006201
ASR
RI
ASR
20 152252 006201
Rl
;Iask out the garbage
1177741,RI
21 152254 042701 177741
BIC
PC,fINSDSP(RI) ;!et appropriate operand seauence
22 152260 004771 152276
JSR
@tADVADR,@tSADDRiupdate current address
23 152264 013737 007334 007756
ItIIV
;recover next characLer, parse next cOI.and
OlHTIH
24 152272 000167 17131~
JHP
25
,00 leans decode condition codes
26 152276 153172
INSDSP: .IIORD COHCOO
27 152300 14316~
;01 leans not an instruction
.IIORD CItIJI2
;02 leans nO ~araleters
2B 152302 152770
.IIORD INSDON
;03 •••n, HNN for EH! and TRAP
29 152304 153152
.WORD ElITRAP
;04 leans 8 bit branch displacelent
30 152306 153024
.WORD BRDISP
;05 ..an, RIDD tor JSR and XOR
.WORD REGOST
31 152310 152724
;06 leanS SS or DD
.WORD OPRAND
32 152312 153016
;07 leans SS,DD
.IIORD SRCOST
33 152314 153006
;10 leans R for RTS
.WCJlD RTSR£G
34 152316 152714
;11 leans R,HH 10' S08
35 152320 153102
.IIORD S08DSP
36
.EHABl lSB
37
jparse a SYlbohc nHe
PC,GErNAH
J8 152322 004767 17J122
G£1REG: :JSR
;user defintd nilef error
39 152326 100414
BKI
3.
iinstruction Inelonicf error
40 152330 103413
BCS
3.
PCIGETlCH
j~et next character in RO
41 152332 004767 161050
JSR
R2,IDSYKPS-DSYHS;is it RO through PC?
CHP
42 152336 020227 000040
ina, error
J$
43 152342 103006
BHIS
jget re~ister nUlber
44 152344 006202
ASR
R2
45 152346 006202
ASR
R2
;put it in bottoa 3 bits of addressing lOde
R2,PIHODE
ADD
46 152350 060237 007342
ClN
47 152354 000250
RTS
PC
~8 152356 000207
49
SEN
SO 152360 000270
3.:
RTS
51 152362 000207
PC
52
53
RO,IIOO
iis first character @~
FlIlOPR::CHPB
54 152364 120027 000100
;,.,
BHE
55 152370 001005
5.
j~es, deterred lode
IIO,UIIODE
ADD
56 152372 062737 000010 0073~2
PC,GETNXT
;set character after •
JSR
57 152400 004767 161022
w

A-82

T-11 Eyaluation Modul@ Monitor ItACRO V05.00 Sood,. 13-H.r-83 0~:10
InstNJctioo Encode/Decode Routines
58 152~0~
59 152~10
60152411

7$:

CMF
RIS

(SPI!,ISP)!
PC

idiscard sayed character allo rurmins pointer
; return .ode 0 or 1

lOS:

ADD
TST
ADO
JSR
JSR
BHI
CHPB
SHE
JSR
CliPS
BNE
ADD
JSR
RTS

t30,~I"ODE

itor -I, add 40 total to addres;ins ~ode
;discird saved roonins pointer
ifor (, add 10 to addre~sinS lode
;get character atter (
;should be a register naat?
;not a register naie, error
ishould be followed b~ )
ina, error
jget character after )

177700
100044
012603
012600
120027 000050

6.:

0103~6
00~767

75 152~62
76 152~66
77 152472
78152474
79 152500
80 152506
81 152512
82 152514
83 152520
84 152524
85 152532
86
87 15253~
as 152536
89
90 1525~0
91 IS2S~6
92 152550
93 152556
94 152562
95 152566

it be a resister nale?
;no, definitel~ not a re~ister
;save charader
;save runnios pointer
iand tr\l to set a resister f.aae
isYccesstul, .ode 0 or t
;restore runnins pointer
irestore character in RO
iis it (1
illes, .ode 1, 2, or J
;is next character -1
;no ~finitel!l not autodecre.enL
;saye runnins pointer
;set character after iis it <?
,YeS, lade 4 or 5
;restore runnins pointer
;restore - in RO
;lS it 11
;!les, do illediate and absolute
;~et an inde~ or relative address
;indexed addressins .ode
;is it an index?
1';1eS
i~t next operand address
ilake this operand a PC relative address
iilPlicit PC reference

0100~6

62 152m
63 152m
64 15242~
65 152426
66 152430
67 15243~
68 152~36
69 152H2
70 152~~4
71 152446
n 152452
7J 152456
7~ 152~60

PC,RADCH
61
RO'-(SP)
R3,-(SP)
PC,GETREG
71
ISP)t,R3
(SP)t,RO
RO,t050
41
RO,tOS'5
91
R3,-ISP)
PC,GETNXT
RO,tOSO
101
ISP)t,R3
t055,RO
RO,t043
111
pe,GETARG
16o.PIHODf
RO,1050
121
UADVADR,R4
!tADVADR,-(W
107, ~t"OD!:
PC

'5$:

100~07

61 152m

001~45

120027 000055
001011
010346
00~767 160754
120027 000050
00H30
012603
012700 000055
120027 000043

91:

001~54

00~767

000142
062737 000060 007342
120027 000050

001421
01370~

00733~

163744 007334
062737 000007 007342
000207

022626
000207

062737 000030
005726
062737 000010
004767 160m
00~767

0073~2
0073~2

4$:

12$:

17753~

100501

96 152570 120027 000051
97 15257~
98 152576
99 152602
100 152606
101 152610
102 152616
103 152622

001076
001767
120027
001005
062737
004767
000207

160624
000053
000010 007342
160604

as:

(SPit
tl0,~IHODE

PC,GETNXT
PC,GETREG
21
RO,t051

21
PC,GETNXT
RO,1053
81
110,@IHODE
PC,GETNXT
PC

10~
00~767

160570
107 152636 000167 000000
108
109 152642 00~767 171654
110 1526~6 013704 007334
III 152652 004767 001652
112 152656 010514
113 152660 062737 000002
11~ 152666 000207

00733~

;.i~ht

iis it +'!
;00, done

iaode 2 or 3
;set character after +

ADD
JSR
JHP

127,@IHOIIE
PC,GETNXT
GETARG

Hllediale, absolute afe lodes 2 arid 3 with PC
;Set character after t
;slore il.ediate data or absolute address

GETAR.:: JSR
HOV
JSR
Hoo
ADD
RTS

pe,GETEXP
@IADVADR,R4
PC,AflRCH2
R5,(!R4
IMIADVADR
PC

;51et an ar!lulent in R5
;!let address of operand
;che~ that we ife still in user RAM
;store arSIJllent at operand addre;:.s
;increaent address

lOS 152624 062737 000027 007342 11S:
106 152632

~9-1

JSIl
'HI
HOV
HOV
JSR
SPL
HOV
HOV
CHI'B
BEQ
CMPS
SNE
HOV
JSIl
ClIPS
BEQ
HOV
HOV
CIIPB
SED
JSIl
ADD
CIIPB
BEQ
HOV
SUB
ADD
RTS

001672

00~767

p,,.

A-83

1-11 Evaluation Kodul@ Honitor ItIICRD V05, 00
Instruction Encode/DecodP Routines
115
116
117 152670
118 152674
119 152676
120 152702
121 152706
122 152712
123
124 152714
125 152720
126 152722
127
128 152m
129 152730
130 152732
131 152736
132 152742
133
134 152744
135 152750
136 152752
137 152754
138 152756
139
140 152760
141 152764
142
143 152770
144
145 152772
146
147 152776
1018 153002
149
150 153006
151 153012
152 153016
153 153022
154
155
156 153024
157 153030
158 153034
159 153036
160 153042
161 153046
162 153050
163 153054
164 153056
165 153060
166 153064
167 153066
168 153070
169 153074
170 153100

120027
001036
004767
004767
105037
000207

000054
000042
160520
00m2

SU"~ 13-H.r-83 04:10

COHACH: CHPB
BIlE
JSR
JSR

cm
RTS

Pas. 49-2

RO,1054
21
PC.INSOOI
PC,GETNXT
@IHODE
PC

lis first operand followed b~ a cOI.a?
;nor ,rror
istore first operand lode
;set character atter CO~.i

PC.6£TREG
21
INSDN2

a re~i5ter nUlber
ierror, not a reSister oallle
;add it to opcode

PC.GETREG
21
PC.COHACH
PC.ftl.OPR
INSDN2

iset a re~ister nUlber
ierror, not a re~ister nale
;chec~ for coua between operar.ds
;§et il full oPHand

"HODE,Rl
RI
HI
RI

;set addressing lode bits
;shilt it 6 bits to the l.ft

j~et

004767 177402
100424
000416

RISREG: :JSR

004767 177372
100m
004767 177732
004767 17m2
000406

REGDST: : JSR

113701 007342
000301
006201
006201
000402

IHSDHt: HOVa
SIIAB
ASH
ASR
BR

113701 007342
060177 034346

IN5OO2: "OVa
1$:
ADD

ftllODE.Rl

000207

IIISDON: RTS

000167 170166

2.:

.lIIP

CHON2

012702 153266
000167 170204

20.:

HOV
JIIP

tBRANCH.R2
ERROR

;POint to branch error lessase

004767 177352
004767 177652
004767 177342
000756

SReDST: : JSR
JSR
OF'RAHD: : JSR
BR

PC.FUlOPR
PC.COIIACH
PC.FUlOPR
IIISIIH2

iSft first operand
;chec~ tor caa.~ between operands
;!i.t sPcol'ld operano
;store second operand tode

171472
007326

BRDISP: :JSR
HTPS
BED

007756
007334

14$:

PC.GETEXP
@lctJRCOH
141
mADDR.R5
@tAOVADR.R5
R5
1177600.RS
131
R5
1177600,R5
201
R5
t177400.RS
RS.@SAVEXP
PC

;!jet branch destination
;did eXf'ression corltain undefined s~lbol 51
;1"10' no I'roblel
h~es, lake instruction "BR " so no raMe error
;Iilke it relative
;Iake it a word offset
;does upper b~te latch bit 77

004767
106437
001402
013705
163705
006205
032705
001405
005105
032705
001344
005105
042705
060577
000207

BIll

8R
8"1
JSR
JSR
BR

HOV

177600

SUB
ASR
BIT
8EQ

177600
177400
034236

13.:

COlI
BIT
BHE
C!lIt
BIC
ADD
RTS

Rl.~AV1'XP

171

A-84

;Set addressins lode bits
;add the. to optooe

;YfS

;no, branch l'anse error
ilike it an g-bit nUlber
;add displacelent to op-code

1-11 Eyaluation ""dul. Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-Mar-B3 04:10 PaS. 49-3
Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
;get reSist!r
SOBDSP: :JSR
PC,SEIREG
172 153102 004767 177214
;errof. not a register naAf
8MI
2t
173 153106 100731
;Check for COila between operands
PC,COHACH
174 153110 004767 177SS4
JSR
PC,GEIEXP
JSR
175 153114 004767 171402
idid expression contain Uf"Idefirled sSlbols?
mURCOn
176 153120 106437 007326
MIPS
inc, no ?roblel
BEG
Zit
177 153124 001402
;~es, lake instruction 'BR , I 50 no rang~ error
PUADDR,R5
nov
178 153126 013705 007756
;.ake it relative
UADVADR,R5
179 153132 163705 007334
21$:
SU8
R5
IBO 153136 006205
ASR
;SOB instrue:tion uses ne9atl?d displaceaer,t
R5
181 153140 005405
NEG
i6-bit disF-laceler.t
tl77700,R5
182 153HZ 032705 177700
BIT
; rar,!fe or direction error
20.
BNE
183 153146 001313
184 153150 000747
BR
m
185
;!let trap nuaber
PC,BETEXP
EnlRAP:: JSR
186 153152 004767 171344
h;holJld be <256.
tl77400,R5
187 15315. 032705 177400
BIT
;)255. t errorBNE
2t
188 153162 001303
189 153164 000741
SR
m
190
;set character after COI.a
PC,BEINXT
19.:
JSR
191 153166 004767 160234
jRl lust be 0 when enteriM -- is it c?
COHCOD::CHPB RO,tl03
192 153172 120027 000103
193 153176 001003
BH£
16t
t1,RI
iset C bit
194 153200 052701 000001
BIS
195 153204 000421
BR
1St
cnps
jis it V?
161:
RO,t126
196 153206 120027 000126
197 153212 001003
SNE
17'
t2,Rl
; .. t Vbit
198 153214 052701 000002
BIS
DR
199 153220 000413
151
;is it Z?
17$:
RO,t132
CHI'S
200 153222 120027 000132
SNE
181
201 153226 001003
U,R!
;set Z bit
202 153230 052701 OOOOO!
BIS
15\
DR
203 153234 000405
i15 it N?
IS.: CMPI RO,t116
20! 153236 120027 000116
ino, illf~al character
DNE
21
205 153242 001253
tl0,R!
;set H blt
206 15324! 052701 000010
SIS
207
jget next character
PC,BETNX!
208 153250 004767 160152
1St:
.lSR
RO,t05!
iis it a cOtla?
CHPB
209 153254 120027 00005!
;~es, get sOle lore
19\
210 153260 001742
BEG
;colPensale tor opcode base 'IallJe = 241 or 261
DEC
Rl
211 153262 005301
;add condition bits to opcode
212 15326! 000637
BR
11
.DSABL LSD
213
214
215 153266 007521 ~OOO 001155 BRAHCH: .RAD50 ISRAHCH GUT Of RANGEl
153274 076417 022622 004167
153302 017500
.WGRD 0
216 153304 000000

A-85

HI Evaluation 110001. "onHar MCRO V05.OO Sund•• 13-",r-83 04110 Page SO

Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 153306
7 153310
8 153312
9 153314
10 153316
11 153320
12 153324
13 153330
14 153332
IS 153334
16 153340
17 153344
18 153346
19 153352
20 153354
21 153356
22 153360
23 153362
24 153364
25 153370
26 153372
27 153376
28 153400
29 153404
30 153410
31
32 153412
33 153414
34 153420
35 153422
36 153m
37 153430
38153414
39 153436
40 153442
.1 153446
42 153450
43 153454
44 153456
45 153460
46 153464
47 153470
48
49 153474
SO 153500
51 153504
52 153506
53 153510
54 153512
55
56 153514
57 153516

;ff

TYPINS decodes the instruction at addresi R4 and t':lpes it followed on the

next line b~ the next address.

;-011405
010500
006300
006300
000300
042700
110037
005705
100027
042705
004767
006202
105762
100017
006302
012405
010246
006302
062702
011201
004767
012602
012701
004767
000412
012405
004767
010246
006302
062702
004767
012602
012700
004767
006202
116201
006201
006201
042701
004771
000167

TYPINSllllOV
IIOV
ASL
ASL
SWA~

BIC
"OVB
TST
BPL
BIC
JSR
ASR
TSTB
BPL
ASL
NOV

177700
007342

100000
000130
156034

"00

ASL
ADD
HOV
JSR
IIOV
"OV
.JSR
DR

156502
160406
006200
160374

51:
000054

156502
160340
000011
160062

61,:

156034

177741
153514
001554

;set bits a throush 13

islore thel here for operand decode
;not a b1:lte lode instruction

;tirst see it it's a bste .ode instruction
;Iatch to table, get index

P_S(~2)

51
R2
(R4)t.RS
R2,-(SP)
R2
IItHE"S,R2
1!R2,Rl
PC,PRIHTl
(SP)t.R2
150.50.2,Rl
PC,PRINTl
61

;not b~te aode, do it norlally
hestore R2

ifix R4, restore R5
;save index
,lake index to anelonic
;S!t 3 chracter anilonic
a~Pe it

;restore R2
it ... B <SP) {SP>

;set OPcoOeo
;Iatch to table

(R4)t.R5
PC,II
R2,-(Sf')
R2
tltHElIS,R2
pe,f'RINT2
(SPlt,R2
10IbRO
PC,CHROUT
R2
PARAIIS(R2hRI
Rl
R1
t177I41,Rl

"00

;index last base value
IPARAHS-BASES-2,R2
RS,BASES(R2)
icolPare opcode to base yalY~
41
iletch
-lft2)
ikeep lookiml
31
PC

154132
153540

IIITDSP: .WORD

4$:

is!t optode

"OV
JSR
IIOV
ASL
ADD
.JSR
HOV
IIOV
JSR
ASR
"OVa
ASR
ASR
BIC
JSR
.lltP

012702 000212
020562 155620
103002
005742
000773
000207

3$:

@R4,R5
RS,RO
RO
RO
RO
tI77700,RO
RO,@IIIODE
R5
51
1100000,R5
PC,II
R2

CHP
PHIS
TST
BR
RTS

.WORD

;save index
ilak@ indE!>: to IInf!llonic
it!lpe ani!lon i c
;set irtdex b~k
a!:lpe <tab>

;lal-.e b~te instruction inde,:
jfet for.at cadi

i,ask out the garbage

PC,~IHTDSP(Rll

it!:lPE' of'erands

TYPADI!

it!:lpe next address and a tab

TeOMeD
NOPCOD

A-86

;CVIN
;16 bit value, nct an o~ode

T-ll Eyaluation Kodule "onito, "ACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-K.,-83 04:10 P..e 50-1

Instrijction Encode/Decode Routines
58 153520
59 153522
60 153m
61 153526
62 153530
63 153532
64 153534
65 153536
66
67
68 153540
69 153542
70
71 1535~4
72 153550
73 153554
74 153560
75 153564
76
77 153566
70 153572
79
BO 15357~
Bl 153600
82
83 153602
8~ 153606

153566
153676

.WOIW
•WORD
•WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

005744
000553

.EHABl lS8
-(R41
NOI'COO: :TST
BR
12*

153564
153722
153m
1535H
153554
1535~4

IHTDON
TEKTRP
TDRDSP
TRGllST
TIWRHD
TSRllST
TRTSf«i
TSOBDS

irro operands

iEKT and TRAP
is-bit dis~lacelent
;~,DD

i5S or DD

iSS,DD
iR
HI-bit positive displaceaer.t

;bac~ UP

to nuaber

itYPE! it as data

an operand

000200
000026
000102
000164

TSRDST: :JSR
1lI:
JSR

TOPRHD:: JSR
JSR
IHTIIOH: RTS

PC, TFllOP
pt, TCOIIIA
PC,IlfTDST
PC, TF\IlOl'
PC

004767 000070
000421

TRTSRG:: JSR
DR

PC,GHDST
TREGIS

004767 000036
000763

TRGDST::JSR
DR

pt,TRfGIS
13$

012700 000054
000167 157716

TCOHHA: HOV
!KP

1054,RO
CHROIJT

012700
004767
004767
012700
000167

TPREG:: KOV
JSR
JSR
KOV
JHP

tOSO,RO
PC,CHROIlT
PC,TRfGIS
105loRO
CHROUT

itYf'E! (

TRESlS: : HOVB
81C
Ast
ASl

iset bits 0 throush 2

IIOV

flKODE,RO
1177770,RQ
RO
RO
DSYIIS(RO)'RI

J"P

PRINH

004767
004767
004767
004767
000207

;t~pe

ihpE! coala

iset bits 0 through S of optode
;t~pe operand

it,:!pe resister nate
a!lPE! re~ister
;t~tPI~

COMa and second operand

85
86 153612
87 153616
88 153622
89 153626
90 153632

000050

157706
000010
000051
157672

itYPE! resister nale

91
92 153636
93 153642
94153m
95 m650
96 153652
97 153656
9B
99 153662
100 153666
101 153674
102
103 153676
104 153702
105 153706
106 153710
107 153714
lOB 153716
109 153720
110
III 153722
112 153724
IlJ 153730
114 153732

113700 007342
omoo 177770
006300
006300
016001 156142
000167 160126

; inde)( resister nale

is.t RADSO triplet
H':lPf it

110537 007342
GElDST: "OVB
BICB
142737 000300 007342
111:
RTS
000207

R5,PIHOIIE
1300, 'IHODE
PC

004767 177734
004767 177674
010501
042701 177700
006301
005401
000407

TSODDS: : JSR
JSR
"OV
BIC
ASl
IlEG
DR

PC,TREGIS
PC, TCOHKA
R5,Rl
11mOO,RI
RI
RI
61

;t~pe re~ister

010501
042701
005744
000404

TE"TRP! :trov
BIC
TST
DR

RS,R1
1177400,RI
-(R41
71

iset lower 8 bits without sign extend

177~00

A-87

naif

it!:lpe COila

iset lower 6 bits
;.ake it a b~te displaceaent

iTYft02 .ill advance R4

T-11 EvaluatIon ~l@ Konitor MACRO V05.00 Sund•• 13-Kar-83 04:10 Pase 50~2
Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
lIS

116 151714
117 153736
118 153)40
119 153)42
120 153)44
121
122 153)50
123 153754
124 153)60
125 153762
126 153766
(2) 153772
128 153776
129 154000
130 154004
131 154006
132 154012
133 154014
134 154020
135154022
136 154026
137 154030
138 154034
139 154040
140 154044
141 154050
142 154052
143 154056
144
145 154062
146 154066
14) 154072
148

110501
006301
060401
005744
00016) 001162

IBRDSP: : NOVB
ASL
6$:
ADD
lSI
7$:
JHP

R5.RI
RI
R4.RI
-(i41
TYPL02

;~et lower 8 bits with si~n e~tpnd
i;ake it a b~te displace.ent
iadd in the 'PC'
;TYPL02 will ad. . ance R~
;t~e this value

113)02
032)02
001404
012700
004)6)
120227
103717
12022)
103034
120227
001423
120227
OOHlO
120227
103404
012)00
00476)
004767
120227
103245
012)00
000167

IFUlOPmOVB

@lNODE.R2
tlO,R2

iaddressins .ode 5cratch
;deferred?

007342
000010
000100
(5)536
000020

BIT

000060
000027
000037
000040
000055

157470
177546
000040

4f~

000053
15)446

2$
R2.12)
31
R2.13)
31
R2.140
4$
lO55.RO
PC.CHROU!
PC.!PREG
R2.140
IN!DON
l053.RO
CHROOI
t013.RO
PC.CHROU!
TYPLOI

Rbt67
51
R2.t77
5$
PC.!YPlOI
!PREG

012)00 000043
004767 157436
000167 001016

3f:
12f:

HOV
.lSR
JNP

149 154m 120227 000067

2$:

CNPi

150 154102
151 154104
152 154110
153 154112
154 154116
155
156 154120
157 154122
158 154124
159 154126
160
161 154132
162 154134
163 154136
164 154140
165 154144
166 154150
16) 154152
168 154154
169 154160
1)0 154164
1)1 15416.

Btu

001406
120227 000077
001403
004767 000))6
000635

BEO
ItOV
JSR
CHPB
810
CHPB
BIllS
CHP8
BEU
CNPB
BEU
CHP8
BlO
HOV
JSR
JSR
CHPS
lUllS
HOV
JHP

CMPB
SEU
JSR

;00

IlOO.RO
PC.CHIOU!
R2.120
TREGIS

R2,t60

H~pe ~

,lode 0 or J?
Just t~pe resister nale
;Iode 6 or 7?
;~es, irldey.ed
iillediate?
;~es,

;1J'!!S

;absolute?
j~es

j autodecrelent?
;flO

H8pe ;t~pe resi5ter nale in parenthesis
iaotoincrelent?
;00, finished
it~pe

it':WE'

a~F'e

ne>:t location

; relati 'ole?
;~es

irelative deferred?
i'::lE!S
a!lPf f"lPxi

location

;type re.!!ister nale in parenthesis

012401
060401
005744
000167 001000

5$:

HOV
ADO
IS!
JHP

(R41hRI
R4,fU
-(R4)
TYPlO2

;set next location
iadd in the 'PC'
iTYPL02 will incre.ent R41 don't do it now
it!lf'e the value

010501
006201
103004
012700
004767
006201
103004
012)00
004767
006201
103004

TeONeD: :tIOV
ASR
8CC
ItOV
JSR
at:
ASR
BCC
ItOV
JSR
ASR
9f:
BCC

R5.Rl
RI
61
1l03.RO
PC.CHROU!
Rl
91
1l16.RO
PC.CHROU!
Rl
101

;.!iet opcoOe

000103
157360

000126
157344

A-88

iC bit set?

ino
itype C

;V bit set?

iZ bit set?

1-11 Evaluation "odule Konitor ItACRO V05.OO Sundo, 13-Hor-83 04:10 Pose 50-3
IMtruction Encode/Decode Routines
172 154170
173 154m
174 154200
175 154202
176 154204

012700 000132
004767 157330
006201

103234

012700 00011.
177 154210 000167 157314
178

lOS!

HDV
JSR
ASR
BCC
IIOV

1l32,RO
PC,CHRDUT
Rl
1l$

11l6,RO
CHROUT
• DSABL LSB

JIIP

A-89

,N bit set?

T·l1 Evaluation Module Konitor HACRO VOS.OO 5IJfld., !3-Har-83 04:10 Page 51
Instruction Encode/Decode Routines
2
3
4
S
6
7
8 154214
9 154216
10 154220
11 154m
12 154226
13 154230
14 154234
15 154236
16 154240
17 154m
18 154244
19 154246
20 154252
21

.SBTTL

Co~version and l~peout Routin~s

BINASC strips the thousaods di~it fro. the value in Rl and lultipli~s Rl
b. 10. Us. SIMASI to get the 10000.s digit.

;-005000
005200
162701 001750
103374
005300
062701 001750
006301
010146
006301
006301
062601
062700 000060
000207

BINASC: :m
u:
INC
SUB
BCC
DEC
ADD
ASL
HOV
ASL
ASL
ADD
ADD
RTS

005000
005200
162701 023420
103374
005300
062701 023420
062700 000060
000207

BINASI::CLR
a:
INC
SUB
Bee
DEC
ADD
ADD
RTS

RO
RO
tIOOO. ,RI
1$

RO
tIOOO •• RI
RI
RI.-(SI')
RI
RI
(SP)!.RI
t060.RO
PC

idivide b~ successive subtraction
ItrY to subtract 1000.
;worked, no borrow
;fix RO
,and R1
;tulti.l. RI b. 10

ailes B
;plus 2 lakes 10 X
iadd 060 to lake it an ASCII digit

23 154254
24 154256
25 154260
26 154264
27 154266
2B 154270
29 154274
30 154300
31
32

RO
tIOOOO •• RI
t060,RO
PC

;divide b~ successive subtraction
;tr~ to subtract 10000.

;worked, no borrow
RO
iand Rl
i.ake an ASCII di~it

j fix

H+
RADCH checks if the character in RO is a le~al RAD50 character. Returns

H=I if not.

;--

35
36
37 154302
38 154306
39 154310
40 mm
41 154316
42 154322
43 154324
44 154330
4~ 154332
46 154336
47 154340
48 154344
49 154346
50 154350
51 154352
52 154354
53

RO
RO
tIOOOO"Rl

120027
103017
120027
103016
120027
103011
120027
103010
120027
001405
120027
001402
000270
000207
000250
000207

000133

RADCH:: CHPB
BHIS
CHPB
BHIS
CHPB
BHIS
CHPB
BHIS
CHPB

000101
000072
000060
000056
000044

2$:

RO.t13l
2t
RO,tlOI
1$

RO,t072
2$
RO,1060

jhi~her than Z?

iA or higher1

,! or hiSher!
;0 6r hi~her?

RO,1056

BED

CHPB

ftO,t044

BED
SEN

RTS
ClN
RTS

PC
PC

A-90

;ppriod 1
,dollar si!lo?

T-ll Evaluition Module Monitor PlACRD V05.00 Sunda. 13-Har-83 04:10
Conversion and T~peout Routines

Pa~e 52

iff
2
3
4
5
6
7
B 154356
9 154362
10 154364
II 154370
12 15\172
13 154376
14 154400
15 154402
16 154404
17 154406
18 154410
19 154412
20 154414
21
22
23
24
25
26 154416

NUI1CH chec~,s it the character in RO is nuaeric and returns fla!15 as tollows:
N=O, V=O character is 0 through 7
N=O, V=l chara~tfr is S or 9
N=1 an~ other character
;--

120027 000060
103413
120027 oooon
103010
120027 000070
103002
000257
000207
000257
000262

HUttCH:: CHPB

2$l

000207
000270
000207

1$:

IllD
CHI'S
BHIS
CIII'S
SKIS
CCC
RTS
CCC
Sl:V
RTS

SO
RTS

RO.I060
U
RO.ton
II

RO.t070
2$
PC

jtlas 8 or 9
PC

ASCRAD ouitipli .. RI ~ 40 and adds the RAD50 eoui,.ient ot RO.

;-PC.RIX40
RO,I040
U
RO.I056

004761 157500

ASCRAD: :JSR

27 154m 120027 000040

CHPB
IlEQ
CItPS
BEQ
CMPB
JlED
ADD
SUB
CHPS
SKIS
ADD
RTS

RO.to44
5$
RO,RI
1100,Rl
RO.tlOI
U
10S6,RI
PC

INC
ADD
RTS

RI
I033,RI
PC

28 154426
29 154430
30 154m
31 154436
32 154442
33 154444
34 154446
35 154452
36 154456
37 154460
38 154464
39
40 154466
41 154470
42 154474
43
44
45 154476
154504
46 154510

jis it () or hillher?
;no, non-nuleric
iis it higher than 9?
;~s, non-nuleric
;is it hi~r than 71
illeS, 8 or 9
;tla~ 0 throu~h 7

001416
120027
001414
120027
001412
060001
162701
120027
103002
062701
000207

000056
000044

000100
000101
000056

005201
062701 000033
000207

4':
Sf:

;.ultipl~ Rl b~ 40
;spa~es converts to 0

jperiod is 34

jdollar si~ is 33

ialphabetics are 1 throuSh.32
;rlUaerics are 36 throush 47

054754 000566 001533 USl:RAH: .RAD50 INOT IN USER RAMI
021020 070265
.WDRD 0
000000

48 154512 057144 000054 015725 ODDADR: .RAD50 IODD ADDRESSI
154520 074670
.IIIlRD 0
49 15~522 000000

A-91

1-11 Evaluation Nodule Monitor MACRO V05.00 Sunda. 13-Nar-83 04:10 Pa .. 54
Cor.version iIDd hPfout Routines
1
2
3
4
5
6 154660
7 154664
8 154666
9 154670
10 154672
11 154676

12 154702
13 154m
14 154714
15 154716
16 154722
17 154726
lB 154732
19 154734

20 154740
21
22
23
24
25
26 154744
27 154746
28 154754
29 154756
30 154764
31 154766
32 154770
33 154772
34 154m
35 155002
36 155004
37 155006
38 1S5010
39 155012
40 155014
41 155016
42 155020
43 155022
44 155026
45 155032
46 155036
47 155040
48
49

TYPDEC hpE's t.he val~ in Rl as a signed, 5-disi t decillal nUlLber followed
b!:l a period. TYPDEl can be used t.o tspl!' unsisne-d niJMns.
j--

012700
005701
100003
005401
012700
004767
112737
004767
000402
004761
004767
105337
001371
012700

ooom

000040

000055
156626
000005 007341

TYPDEC: :NOV

tt:

JSR

177340
177272
156602
007341

151
Bl'L
NEB
NOV
JSR
K1lYB

51:
JS:

BR
JSR
JSR

11m
BHE
NOV
JltP

000056
156564

t040,RO
Rl
11
Rl
tOS5,RO
PC,~OUI

t5,@ICOUNI2
PC,BlllASl
31
PC,BlHASC
PC,C~OUI

flCooNI2
51
t056,RO
CHROUT

ihpe a period

H+

TYPOCT t~pes Rl as an octal ward.
j--

005000
032767
001407
112767
000301
006301
006100
000411
112767
000405
005000
006301
006100
006301
006100
006301
006100
062700
004767
105337
001362
000207

TYPOCTl : CLR
000200 032354

BIT

000003 032355

BEQ
KIMI

SWAB
ASL
ROI.

BR
000006 032337 It:

2S:

KOVB
BR
CLR

ASL
ROI.
4$:

3$:

000060
156476
007341

ASL
ROL
ASL
ROL
ADD
JSR
DECB
BHE
RTS

tr .BYTK, IHPKOlI Hs it in byte lode
ibranch if ses
11
iit trYte aode ool!:l three digits
t3,COUHT2
;onl':oJ low irJ:te out
Rl
Rl
RO
31
1',CDUNT2
31
RO
Rl
RO
Rl
RO
Rl
RO
t060,RD
PC,CHROm

moum
21
PC

A-93

T-11 Evaluation Kodule "onitor HACRO V05.00 Sund •• 13-H.,-83 0~:10 Pa!le 55
Conversion and T~peout Routines
Ht

2
3
4
5 155042
6 155050
7 155052
8 155056
9 155062
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 155064
17 155070
18 155072
19 155076
20
21
22
23
24
25
26 155100
27 155104
28 155112
29 155114
30 155116
31 155122
32 155124
33 155126
34 155132
35 155116
36 155140
37 155144
38 155146
39 155152
40 15515.4
~1 155156
42 155162
43 155164
4~ 155166
45
~6 155170
47 155172
48 155176
49 155200
50

TYPSPC t':1pes a tab, except in irlstruction lode (t~pe nothing) •
j.-

132737 000100 007330 TYPSPC!!BlTe
BIlE
001004
012700 004440
HDV
000167 156446
2.:
JHP
000207
1$:
RTS

tr.IHSI.ttTHPHOD
\I
t~OO.011t040,RO

;space, tab

CHRoo!
PC

TYPNtm hPes thf value in Rl is it s!iabol or nuaber.
TYPNHl t~s the value in Rl as a nulber onlY,
i-00~767

174542
100402
000167 156676
000722

TYPNUIt:!JSR
BHI
JHP

TYPN"l: :8R

PC.HATSYH
TYPNHI
PRINI2
TYPOC!

;tr~ to latch it s':1lbol

;unsuccessful, t':1PE' nuaericall~
;else type SYlbol's nale

TYPlOC types the location addressed b~ R4 in the current lOde. R4 is advanced
to the next location. TYPlOl ran be used within instruction t~peout.
;-004767
\32737
001026
011401
105737
100003
111401
0·42701
004767
100403
012700
000402
012700

TYPlOC:: JSR
177504
8ITi
000100 007330
BHE

TYPlOl: atoV
007330

177400
174474
133774

BPl
HOVB
IIC
TYPlO2::JSR
BHI
Jt:
MOV

155076

21:

004710

5.:

005204
105737 007330
100401
005204
000207

6S!

010546
004767 176110
012605
000207

HOV
JSR
INC
ISTB
IHI
INC
RIS

TYPlOJ::HOV

JSR
HOV
RIS

PC.AIIlCHK
tF .INS! .mltPllOIl
TYPlOI
;set current location as a word
tR4.Rl
rare we in ~e lode?
fmPHOD
;no
TYPlO2
;else set location as a byte
tR4.RI
IPl'event shIn extension
t177400.RI
;try to .itch a s'Slbol
PC.M1SYM
;unsuccessful
21
IPRINI2.RO
51
tTYPNHhRO
PCdRO)
R4
mHPHOD
61
R4
PC
R5.-(SPI
PC.TYPINS
(SPlt.R5
PC

A-94

;save R5 because TYPINS uses it
;t~p~ an instruction
; restore R5

T-11 Evaluation Kodul. Kanitof KACRO V05.GO SundaY 13-Kaf-B3 04:10
Conversion and T~£lout Routines
1
2
3
4
5 155202
6 155206
7 155214
8 155220
9 15522\
10 155226
11 155730
12 155232
13 155234
14 155240
15 155242
16 155244
17 155246
IB
19
20
21
22 155250
23 155254
24 155262
25 155266
26 155270
27 155276
2B 155300
29 155304
30 155306
31 155312
32
33 155314
34 155320
35 155324
36 155330

Pa~. 56

TYPlIN types the next 8 locations or four locations it in binary .ode.
j--

PC,TYPADR
;tYP£I address in R4 as label or octal AUlber
TYPlINllJSR
lB. ,@lCDUNTl
ItOVB
;t~ location in current .ode, advance R4
PC,TYPlOC
u:
JSR
PC, TYPSPC
JSR
ifOf 177776 to 0 ra ••
TST
R4
BEQ
31
R4,R5
idone iJet!
ClIP
;~es
BIll
21
@ICOlIIHI
DEC
BN!:
II
PC
2S:
RTS
3$:
CLI
RTS
PC
H+
TYPADR bPeS the value in R4 as a label Dr ochl nUlber, followed by : <SP)
;--

G04767
112737
G04767
G04767
G05704
001406
020405
101003
G05337
001365
000207
000244
000207

000042

016746
042767
004767
010401
132737
001006
004767
1G0403
004767
G00402

TYPMIR: : KOV
032054
ooo2GO 032046
BIC
JSR
156236
ItOV
OGOG02 G07330
BITB
BN!:
174326
JSR
BKI
JSR
156462
DR

004767
012700
012667
000167

177424
020072
0320GO
156174

~10

177660
177616

007340

a:
2':

JSR
KOV
KOV
JI!P

TIIPIIllD,-(SPI
itor b':lt.e lode
IF.BYTK,TKPIIOD
PC,CRtF
R4,R1
IF. ABS,@ITKPKOD
11
PC,ItATSYK
11
PC,PRINT2
21
PC,TYPOCT
14001040+072, RO
(SPIt. TKPKOD
hrstor lode
CHROUT

A-95

T-l1 Evaluation Module ~nitor MACRO V05. 00 Sond•• 13-Mar-a3 04:10 Pas. 57
Conversion and Typeout Routin@s

2
3
4
5
6 155334
7 155336
8 1553H
9 155352
10 155356
11 155362
12 1553M
13 155366
14 155370
IS 155372
16 155374
17 155376
18 155402
19 155406
20 155412
21 155416
22 155422
23 155426
24 155432
2S 155434
26 155440
27 155442
28 155H~
29
30 155450
31 155454
32 155460
33 155466
34 155472
35 155m
36 155500
37 155504
38 155506
39 155510
~o 155514
41 155516
~2 155520
43 15552~
44 155526
45 155534
46 155536
47 155540
48 155542
49 155550
50 155552
51 155554
52
53
54
55 155560
56 155562
57 155564

.SBTTl Power-uF Diagnostics
.[NABl LSB
005203
012737
012737
012705
012701
010102
005000
010041
005200
005201
077104
012706
011700
004767
042703
110337
012701
012702
005000
004767
005705
001035
012705

000377 177440
00001l 177444
003133
007776

010000
005777
000146
177770
177444
133000
160000

0OO12Q

000117

DIAGHO:: 11ft
I1{JV
HOV
MOV
I1{JV
ItOV
ClR
Ul
HOV
INC
INC
SOB
HOV
MOV
.ISR
BIC
HOVB
NOV
NOV
ClR
JSR
TST
BHE
HOV

012700 177560
105760 000002
152760 000004
112701 000060
105760 OOOOO~
100375
110160 000006
105710
100376
126001 000002
001010
105201
120127 000072

001362

NOV
SlUTSJ: Tm
OOOOO~
BISS
KOVE
SLUtt: Tm
BPl
HOVB
SlU.2: 1m
BPL
CHPB
BNE
INCB
CHPB
BNE
OOOOO~ OOOOO~
BICB
CLRB
2$:
1ST
FNE
000002 177564
81TB

142760
105005
005705
001005
132737
OOHOI
000670
000167 161100

~.!

iuse r3 as digit to displa~ nUlOer
Hight all s@!laents
itutri on led
Ilh~'P'PORC
t400*006+t33,R5 iinltialize error code '12'
17776,Rl
,fill RAM with pattern, saving location for JSR
Rl,R2
RO
RO,-(RII
RO
Rl
Rl,1S
110000,SP
iset Sf to top of RAM
t5777,RO
;cherksu& co.p}elent for RAM pattern
PC , CIU(SUN
;cheCkS1JIII words trol Rl (=0) to R2 (=:7776)
;Iask at all blJt digit select
1177770,R3
;turn off let;! and tlJrn on di si t
R3,~'P'PORC
11330oo,RI
;index ROMs
IEND,R2
;set upper check SUI iilit to top of ROMs
jperforl check SUI of ROM
RO
PC ,C/iKSUIt
;do we hav~ an ~rror ~et?
R5
;i::IltS, exit and show it
2'
t400tOOOtl17,R5 iinitialize error code' 3'
R3
1377,UP'PORA

117756o.RO
2(RO)

H,4(ROI
160,Rl
4<ROI
SlU.l
RJ.6IROI
(ROI
SlU.2
2IROI,Rl

;point to console
,clEar out and recieyed sarbag@
jset aainenace bit
;init character to xlit
iread~ to Xlit
;no - wait
;ser~ char to reciever
;received a char

,00 - uait

BEG

DIA6NO
ISTART

i!fot what ~OlJ x'titled
;no - error
;produce rM?>:t ascii character
;
Hoop until checked 0 to 177
;reset aaintenace bit
;~S, cleir error
;check for error
;branch it error
,see if in diagno lode
; if not then goodb~
Hoo? for flier
hnitialize scralchpad RAft and start lonitor

IRllt.RO
Rl,R2
CHKSUIt

iaccululate check SUI
;done ':Iet 7
;no

JjjP

21
Rl
Rl,I72
SLU.1
'4,~IROI

R5
R5
4S
12.@1l7756~

.ENABl lSB
062100
020102
103775

CHKSUM: :AnD

CHP
FLO

A-96

T-ll Ev.luation !odul. Konito, !ACRO V05.00 Sund .. 13-K.,-83 04:10 P••• 57-1
Power-up Dia~nostics

58 155566
59 155570
60 155572
61 155574
62 155576

R5
RO

itest result

CLRB

;cheClSUt foiled
ielse clear error

RTS

000305
005700

SWAB
TST

001001
105005
000207

BHE
1$:

A-97

1-11 [valuation ftodul. Monit.. KACRO VOS,GO Sunda. 13-"a.-S3 04:10 Pas. 58
Power-up Oii9nastics

,SBIIl Seecial Data Slructu.es

2
3
4
5

INSTRUCTION ENCODEIDECODE and COHHAND DECODE TABLES:
The five paralelers listed for each opcode are:
I,
Base value of the optode
2.
Strins nale of the opcode

7
8

10
11

12
13
14
15

16
17

Paraleter or~anization:
00 - decode condition code bits (N,Z,V,C)
01 - nnnnnn (16 bit nu.be.1
02 - no para-elers
03 - nnn (8 bit nuobe.1
04 - xx. (8 bit di",laceoentl
OS - .,dd
IM-ddors.s

07 - •• ,dd

1~ -

11 - r,nn (6 bit displacetlent)
EQUals 1 if instl'lJction is le!lal in b'Jte lode

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

The fifth paraleter is a code used b~ the top-level parser to decode ASCII
characters in th@ 0.0 to 077 ranse. The values of this paraleler are:
o - Illesal character at 10' level
1 - Inf.e.rpret as tile first characler of an expression or instruction
2 - :, or label definition
3 - i, or caDent
4 - ., or s~l definition
5 - ,?, or lyp"e as a nulber
6 - Valid is an operator within expressions
7 - Both 1 and 6 •••1.

28
29

30
31
32

;--

34
3S
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45

46
47
48
49
50
51

52
53
54
55

56
57

,lIACRo
CODE
COIlE
CODE
COIlE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COIlE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COIlE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COIlE
CODE
COIlE
CODE
CODE
CODE

INSTRS
OOOOOO,(HALT
000001,(W!IT
000002, (RTI
OOOOOl,(BPT
000004.<101

}'2,0,0

;sPice

),2,0,6

>,2,0,0
),2,0,1
),2,0,1
OOOOOS,<RESET ),2,0,0

000006 , (RTT
000007,(
000100, (.NIP
000200,(RTS
000210,(
000240,(NOP
000241,(CL
OOO257,(CCC
000260,(
000261,(5£
000277,(SCC
000300,(SWAB
ooo400,(BR
001000,<BNE
001400,(B£O
002000,(B6£
002400,(BLT

;1
;'

A-98

),2,0,6
),1,0,1

;1
;%

),6,0,0

),10,0,0

>,110,6
),2,0,7
),0,0,0
),2,0,7
>,1,011
),0,0,6

;,
;;,
;/

),2,0,1

),6,0,1
),4,0,1

),~,O,l

;2
;3

),4,0,1
},4,0,1

),-1,0,1

1-11 Evaluation KoOOle Konitor KACRO V05. 00 5und •• 13-1.,-83 0.:10 P". 58-1
Special Oata Structure;
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
6B

CODE
COII£
CODE
CODE
COIlE
COIlE
COII£
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COIlE
COIlE
CODE
COIlE
COIlE
COllE
COllE
COIlE
(011£
CODE
CODE
COII£
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COllE
CODE
CODE
COllf:
CODE
CODE
COllf:
COOE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
COIlE
COIlE
COIlE
CODE
CODE
COllf:
CODE
.ENDI

69
70
71
72
73
7.
75
76
77
7B
79
BO
BI
B2
B3

e.
B5
86
B7
sa
a9
90
91
92
93
9.

1'5
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107 155600
lOB 155602
109 155604
110 155606
III 155610
112 155612
Il3 155614
114 155616

000241
000242
000244
000250
000261
000262
000264
000270

CBASES::.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD
.WORD
•WORD
.WORD

003000.(B61
003400.<9LE
004ooo.<J5R
005000,(ClR
005Ioo.(CO!
005200,<INC
oo53oo.(IIEC
oo5400.(NEG
005500. (AOC
005600,(5BC
005700.(151
006000. (ROR
006loo,(ROL
006200.<ASR
006l00. (AS'006400,<
oo6700.<SXT
007000.<
010000.(1IOV
02OOC0.(C"P
030000.(SlT
O4QOOO,(BIC
050000.<815
060000 •<ADD
070000.(
074000,<XOR
075000,(
077000.(508
100000.(BPl
100400,(8"1
101000. (llHI
101400.(lIlOS
102ooo.(8VC
I02400.(BV5
!03ooo,(tcC
103ooo.<1lHIS
!03400.(tcS
103400,(8l0
104ooo,(E"1
104400.(IRAP
105000.<
I06400.(IIPS
106500.(
106700,(MfPS
107000.(
160000.(StJ8
170000.(
000241
000242
000244
000250
000261
000262
000264
000270

A-99

),·\,0,1
),4,0,1
>,$,0,1
),6,1,2
>,6,1,3
),6,1,1
>,6,1,4
),6,lrO
),6,1r5
),6,1,0
),6,ltO
),6,110
),6,1,0
),6,hO
),611,0

),1,0,0

),6,0,0
),1,0,0

),7,110
),7,1,(1
),7,1,0

),7,110
),7,1,0
),7,0,0
),lrO,O
),5,0,0
),1,0,0
>,11,0,0
),4,0,0
),4,0,0
),4,0,0
),4,0,0
),4,0,0
),4,0,0

),4,0,0
),4,0,0
>,~,O,O
),~,o,o

),3,0,0
),3,0,0
),bO,O
),6,0,0

),bO,O
),6,0,0
>,110,0
),7,0,0

),lrO,O

mc
;CLV
mz
iClN
iSEC
iSEV
;SH
;SEN

,7
,a
i9

..,••
h

j=
j)

,."

T-11 EvaluatIon Module Monitor HACRO V05.00 Sunda, 13-H,,-83 04:10 Pas. 5B-2
SJ-erial Data Structures
115

116
117
118
119 155620
120
121
122
12l
124 156034
125
116 156142 072460
127 156146 072530
128 156152 072600
129 156156 072650
130 156162 072720
131 156166 072770
Il2 156172 074500
133 156176 062170
134 156202 063370
135 156206 111100
136 156212 127400
137 156216
138 156216 000000
139 156122 010530
140 156226 010600
141 156232 010650
142 156236 010120
143
144 156242 031324
145 156246 027030
146 156252 074745
147 156256 062073
148 156262 062073
149 156266 032153
150 156272 054740
151 156276 070464
152 156302 046531
153 156106 mOll
154 156312 127726
155 156316 127736
156 156322 127473
157 156326 127551
158 156332 131247
159 156336 127534
160 156342 127534
161 156346 003243
162 156352 011366
1.13 15.1356 021411
164 156362 010174
165 156366 035203
166 156m 012245
167 156376 014124
168 156402 111052
169 156406
170 156406 070530
171 156412 075265

BASVAL,HNEH,FORMAT,BYTMO[l,MlSC
•MACRO COllE
.WORD BASVAL
.ENDN
BASES:: INSTRS
BASVAl, HNEN, FORHAT ,BYTNO[I, HISe
.NACRO CODE
.BYTE (BYTMOD'200>+<FORHA Tll0: IMrSC
.EN[lM
PARAI!S:: INSTRS
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000

IRO
IRI
IR2
IRl
IR4
IR5
ISP
IPC
IPS
IWP
.RADSO I.

DSYMS: : .RAD50
.RADSO
.RAIISO
.RADSO
.RAD50
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RADSO
DSYMPS: .RAD50
.RADSO

I
I

I
I
!

I
I

OSYHUR:
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
062000
000000
062000
075630
075700
076400
060314
042100
014400
004444
014400
020560
012061
076710
0)0440
042420
044130
057665
011624
07MOO
017500
077745
004420
021145
014400
017574
007344

.RA050
.RADSO .If:t
.RA050 /B2

.RA050 IF3
.RAD50 IB4

!IIRVRII:: .RAPSO
.RAD50
.RA['50
OIRV~I: .RADoO
.RAD50
.RAD50
.RAD50

,'HELf> I
IGO
/STEF'
IPASS~

I
IPASS2 I
IHOS! I
lNOHOST I

.RAPSO .'TALK
,RAOSO ILOAD !

.RAP50
,RA1l50
.RAD50
•RAD50

I.STARTI
" ,ENrl I

!.EVEN •
I.ASC1!1
.RAD50 (IBnE /
.RAD50 I.WORD I
.RADSO I.Bl~P, I
· RAOSO I.BLKW •
DIR'JP,A: .RAOSQ IABSOLU,'
DIRVBB: .RAI!'50 ICANCELI
PrRVBO' •RAIISO IEXl! I
D1RVBH: .RAI150 IBm i
DIRV81: ,R:'D50 'INSTR/J .
,RA{!50 IClEAR I
.RAD50 /DEleE.'
OlRVBH: .RADSO IWORD I
OIRVBO:
Dlf:VBP: .RAD50 IREPEAT l
DIRVBS: .RA!l50 ISYHBOl/

A-IOO

;Predefined s~lbol~- lUSt. flOt. be 3 ;i13r cct.ers HI
HeMth, or (lIse a 'o'::tf? lO<ie "ersh'n of each
;rlale will also latch, i.e. XYZB will match to
iXYZ. Olll~ b':lt.e lode f1neltorllCS sholjld be 3
icharacters Ions.
I

T-11 Evaluation ModulI' Monitor HACRo V05.00
S~ecial Data Structures

172 156416
173 156422
174 156426
175 156432
176 156436

074017
074017
074017
106257
106257

110727
111225

SlJrlda~

13-Mar-B3 (4:10 Pase 58-)

DIRI'BT : •RAP5Q ;'SHOWliOi

111321

.RAD50 !;HOWF:£;'
.RAD50 ISHOW,Y'

053600
023160

.RHD50 IVTOFF I

.RADSO

;"~ITON

]))

178 156442
179 156446
180 156452
lSI 156456
182 156462
183 150466
184 156472
185 156476
186
187
188
189

012213 000000
012266 000000
012272 000000
012256 000000
073613 000000
073636 000000
073642 000000
073626 000000

CHNEHS::.RADSO
· RAD50
.RADSO
.RADSO
.RAD50
.RAD50
· RAD50
.RAD50

156566
000770

BASVAL.HNEM.foRHAT,BYTHOD·HISC
.MACRO CODE
.RADSO ·K:~EM·
.[NOH
MHEHS: : INSl,,,
HN£HSI064
HNCCC
j leMth of precedir13 RA050 table
• - DSYKS
TOPNAM --

190 156502

191
192

,fell'

ICLV

/eL:
ICLN
ISEe

/SEV

ISEZ
IS[N

T-ll Evaluation Module Monitor ttACRO V05.00
Special Data Structures

SI.Jrlda~ 13-Mar-8J 004:10

Page 59

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
000642
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 157774 0527H
19
20
21
22
23
24 157776
010
25 157777
010
26
27 160000 140000

itt

The locations derined b~ the rollo~ing directive are free and lust ~e
zero tor the po~er-up rjia~nostics to wor~_ prof'!Hly. When addiM code
in this space or chansing aflY of the Hevious code, adjust lhe checksu.
value at CHECKS = 1577704 so that the ROMs ~s ~ whole will have a :ero
word chetksul.
;-.REPT
.eYTE

<15777'--.>
0

.ENDR
The following word adjusts the R~ check sua to zero.
;--

CHECKS::.WORD

527~4

;12-HAY-83 R. Arnott

H+
The last b~tp in fach of the ROMs is used to identifY the ROMs.
;--

Lo.m:: .8YTE
HI.IO:: .8YTE

010
010

EHD::

START

.END

;Version 1.0, low b~te
iVersion LOr high b!:lte

A-IOI

T-ll EvaluatIon "odule 110m tor HACRO V05.00 Sunday 13-"ar~B3 04:10 Pa•• 59-1
tablp

S~It>ol

AODIT 1521510
ADRCHK 154610 0
A[IRCHI 154524 0
AORCH2 154S30 G
AOVAIIR' 007334 0
ASCOUT 133626 0
ASCRAD 154416 0
AUXFLO, 007711 G
AUXIN' 000120 0
AUXOUT' 000124 0
AICREO, 177452 G
AIRBUf' 177550 0
AISREO~ 177552 0
AIXBUf, 177450 G
FASES 155620 G
BCDm 140050 I:
BCIITBl 136522
9lHASC 154214 0
BIHASI 154254 0
BLH!;DS 136350
BLNKHI 136344 0
8lHKlO 136336 0
SLOAD 150442 G
BOTTOH, 007346 0
, 007630 0
BP
BRAHCH 153266
BRDISP 153024 0
BREAK 137114 D
BRKFIL' 007760 G
BRKPT 137174 G
BRKPI 141466
BUFFER' 007470 G
CANCEL 142246 G
CBASES 155600 G
CHECKS 157774 0
CIIKSUH 155S60 0
CHROUT 133530 G
CHROI 133540 G
CHROl 133554 6
CLRAPE 1S1l46
CHHEHS 156442 G
CHOHIT 142724 0
CHONI 142572 0
CHON2 143164 0
CKON3 143216 G
CHOH31 143224
CHOH4 143246 6
CHON5 143604 G
CHDN6 143616 0
CHOH7 143652
CHTLC ' 007344 0
COHACH 152670
COHLUP 143646
CONBRK~ 000140 0
COHCOD 153172 G
COHFLO' 007710 0
COKIN " 000060 0

COHOUT, 000064 G
COHTIH 143612 G
COUHTl' 007340 0
COUNT2' 007341 0
133524 G
CRLf
CURCOH, 007326 0
CIRBUF, 177562 0
CIRCSR, 177560 0
CIXFUF' 177566 0
CIXCSR' 177564 0
DEBNCE, 007704 0
DECDS? 140030 0
DELETE 147444 G
DELIH , 007345 0
DELSIK 151674 0
DOOIS? 140014 0
DIAOIlO 155334 G
DIOEXE 1.0542 G
DIRVBA 156346
DrRVBB 156352
DIRVBlr 156m
DIRVIIH 156362
OIRVSI 156366
DlRVBH 156402
DlRVBO 156406
DIRVBI' 156406
DlRVBS 156412
DIRVBT 156416
DIRVDI 156256
DIRVRB 156242 0
DISPLA 135344 G
nlVID 152164 G
DOCOiVI 144124
roCR
144170 0
DOEXPR 144274 0
DOFUNC 142226 0
DOLABL 151426 0
DONVAL 144134
DOOPER 145124
OOSIHB 151164 G
DOVERB 147112 G
DS?DEC 136366 0
DSPOIO 135772 G
DSPLNH 136044 G
DSPHAK 136112 G
DSPNUH 136050
DSPTBL 140360 G
DSPUHH 136036 0
DSYK?S 156~O2
DSYHS 156142 0
DSYHUR 156216
[ABS
146150 6
Em
146176 0
EGAN
146156 G
ECHO
134142 G
EClR
146222 G
ECON
146354

£[IEL
EDEll
EERR
EEXT
EfND
EINS
EHOO
EHOV
ENTRAP
END
EHIIEX?
EHUM
EREG
EREP
ERROR
ERROR2
ERRSEO
E51H

146232 G
146240
14.360
146320 G

14651Hl G
146210 0
146760 0
146364 0
153152 0
160000 0
145002
146270 0
146332 G
W276 G
143212 G
143720
135756
1.6312 0
EXDOOP 145220
EXINlT 145172
EXINl1 145200
EXfnG' 007332 0
FERCNR B7~42 G
FERRll1l 137350 0
150114 0
FIND
FIXBP 140170
FLAOSl= 007706 6
FHESAO 137424 0
FHESOI 137434
FMES02 137450
FHES03 137472
FHESG4 137522
FHCDON 142264
FNCTBL H2234 G
, 007631 0
FP
fPAAEH 145162
FULOPR 152364 G
f.ABS ' 000002
F.ADDR' 000004
F.APPL' 010000
F.A64X' 000200
F.BRKA' 000400
F,DRKO' 001000
f •BRKS~ 000020
F. BYTB= 000001
F.BYTK, 000200
F•CHAN' 000002
F•COHM' 000020
F.CPBO' 000010
F.CPDl c 000020
f ,CPB2' 000040
f.DATA~ 000001
F.FUNC' 000040
f.HOST' 004000
F.INST= 000100
f. KElP, 002000
F.LDST~ 000100

A-102

f.LOAD' 000200
f .HNEH' 000001
f.NULL' 000004
f .PASl, 100000
f.PROT' 040000
f.REG ' 000010
F.SAVX' 000010
F.SST ' 000200
F•SSll, 000001
F.STOP' (100002
F. T~AS' 020000
F.UNDF, 000004
F.USER' 000100
F.USRD~ 000010
F.VAlU' 000002
F.VT ' 004000
GEHEXr H~512 G
OETARG 152642 0
GElBP 133436 0
OETCH 133316 G
DEICHC 133412 G
OEIDST 153M2
GETERH 144556 0
GETm 144522 G
GETEXI 144540
OETlNS 152206 G
OElKEY 140044 0
GElLCN 133406 G
6ElLlH 133240 G
omIT 146060 G
GElHAH 145450 G
OElHH! 145306 G
GETHUH 140054 G
GETHXT 133426 0
6ElOF'R 144724 G
OETOPV 144720 G
OETREG 152322 G
OETSYH 151560 G
OHEXAH 141146 G
147m 0
60
OOILED 142270 G
143052
ORET
147320 6
HELP
HEXSEO 13·1016 6
HfP , 007072 G
HOncH 134744 0
HLID 157777 0
HOST
150222 G
HOSTSF~ 007632 G
HOSTlN 134540 G
HSTFlG' 007673 G
IHSDHI 152744
IHSDH2 152760
IHSDOH 1:·2770
INSDSP 152276
INTDDN 153564
INTDSP 153514

IOIHIT
IOVECT
ITRAP
KADReH
KEYBCn
KEYCHD
KEYCHI

135076 G
135224 0
137334 G
14215.:.

136514 G
140330 G
140344 0
KEYGET 136H6 G
KEYOEI 13WO
[[YPIV, 007076 G
KEYPVS, 007700 0
.LOOP 140106 G
KLOOPI 141170
!LOOP2 141644
KHOHlT 140200 G
LASCOK, 007127 G
LASLIN' 007325 G
LEDlV ' 000104 G
lERR
150472
LEVEL ' 007333 0
L1HElH 133000 0
LIHFLG, 007324 0
LOAD
150442 0
LOBLNK 140040 G
lODISf' 140024 G
LOGAN[I 1521346
LOGOR 152130 G
LO.ID 157776 G
LPAREN 145046
MATSYM 151632 G
KF8251, 007464 0
HNeCC ' 156566 G
HNEHS 156502 G
HOOE ::: 007342 G
HOHITR 140010 0
HDHlT! 137556 C
HOVE
150044 G
HULm 15~142 G
HAKTBL 136154 G
NOHOST 150306 0
HOPCtlD 153540 G
HOPROT 150134 0
NPRDT 142562 G
HUHCH 154356 0
NUHGET 136546 G
O[rlrADR 154512
OPERAT, 007343 0
OF'F:AND 153a!6 G
OPRTBL 145250
OPTION 15035i
OVERfL 143104
PADRAn 146050
PA[rRI 146040
PARMS 156034 G
PARDSP 144104
PASSI 150202 G
PASS2 150212 G

T-tl Evaluation Module "cnitor MACRO VOS.OO Sunda'J 13-Mar-B3 04:10 F'ag;e 59-2
S,"bo1 hl>l.

PI'SUAl 145670 G
PER!oD~ 007331 0
PfUEC ~ 000024 0
PRINT 133766 0
PRINTA 133754 0
PRIHTl 134004 0
PRINT2 133774 G
PRIHT3 m014 0
PRINT4 134010
PRNERR 143120 0
PRom 150172 0
PURGE 133450 G
PIIRFVS' 007674 G
PIC REO' 177446 0
PIPORA~ 177440 0
PIPORC' 177444 0
F'U'ORD~ 177544 0
PIPORI: 177542 G
P~PORO' 177442 G
RAI'CH 154302 G
REGDSI 152724 G
REPEAT, 007466 G
REF-OFO 151412
RERR
1'50152
RPAREN 145152
RSTART 140004 0
RISREG 152714 0
R1X40 134122 0

007336 0
SCRPAD' 007400 0
SCRP!'1 ~ 006500 0
SEOBUF' 007712 0
smux 135170 0
SETAXI 135126
smX2 135124
SETHOD 146104
SlUTST 155454
SlU.1 155472
SlU.2 155504
SOBDSP 153102 0
SPCl8F' 007726 0
SPOlBL 142302 0
SPEEDS 142320 G
SRCDST 153006 G
STACK ~ 007462 G
START 140MO G
STEP
147416 G
SUBTR 152160 G
150504 0
TAlK
TALK I 150530
TBlBOT~ 007462 G
TBlFUl 151504
TBlTOP~ 007320 0
TBROSP 153734 0
TCOHNA 153602

• ASS. 160000
000000

IRW,I,OBL,ABS,OVR)
IRW,I,lCl,REl,COH)

000
001
Errors detected! 0

SAUEXP~

TCONCD 154132 0
TEHTRP 1~3721 G
TFUlOP 153750 0
TIME ~ 007730 0
THPHOD~ 007330 0
TOPNAM~ 000770 G
TOPRND 153551 0
TPREO 153612 G
TREGIS 153636 0
TROOST 153574 G
TRTSRO 153566 G
TSOBDS 153676 G
TIROST 153544 0
TYPADR 155250 G
TYPASC 154m 0
TYPDEC 154660 G
TYPINS 153300 6
TYPLIN lS5202 G
TYPlOC 155100 6
TYF'lOI 155170 G
TYPlOI 155114 0
TYPlO2 155132 G
TYPNHI 155076 0
TYPHUH 155064 G
moC! 154W 0
TYPREG 151730 G
TYPSPC 155042 G

t •• Asseabler stotistics

W{)r~.
file reads: 0
Wo,f. file writes: 0
Size of !Jor'" fIle: HI760 Words

Size of core pool: 1}312 Wards
O~eratirl.!i syste.: RT-11

I 43 Pag.,)
( 52 Pt3SfcS)

Elapsed tile: 00:02:30.51

DK:HON2,DK:HON2IC'DK:HOH2

A·J03

152040 G
137004 0
151m
140034 0
140020 G

1001
141722 G
IHALT 136752 G
IHOHIT 137570 G
INUll! 135676 0
IHUHER 140430 G
IPC :: 007750 G

154470

U'S

TYPSYH 152102 G

TYPT8l
UCSAUE
UNDEFX
UPBlNK
UPDIS,"
USERAH

000100 0
IJSERVS~ 007702 0
150142
VCON
VERR
150146
VERRI 150162
VRBDSP 147220 0
VRSI'SI 147262
VTJHP 147402
VTOfF 147406
VTON
147374
WHM
1430'b
I~ODR ~ 007756 0
IADItRK 1415500
IA['V
141232 0
UAn 141372 G
IFRKP 141462 G
HlIlO 0
IClR
IEXAM 141122 0
IFUNe 141650 0
100
141714 0
USERIU~

:: 007752 G

IREG
141610 G
IRPEAT 150012 G
IRQ :: 007732 G
IRI " 007734 C
IR2 :: 007736 G
IR3 o 007740 G
IR4 :: 007742 C'
$R5 ~ 007744 r,
ISf' ~ 00774, G
ISS 1 141706 r,
ISTART 136660 0
IUR :: 006500 G
IWATCH~ 00;754 0
$. A~.CI W700 0
I.Blfl 147634 G
I.BlKU 147654 0
l.mE 147466 [,
I.£V£II 147776 0
1.5m 150344
I.IOR[' 147560 G

APPENDIXB
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS

I.. .."... .. I

............
.... ................
...... .....

..••••••••••••
.............. ....... .

\ -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10.40 F.B.S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- 1
(?f>I'1.I60MM)

Figure B-1

DCTll-EM Component Placement

B-1

PROCESSOR CYCl£ IlECllOE

Z.2uF +

T lEAl 7. H
TI EAlbM

Tl EAI Ii H
'f! £At ... H
TI EAI~H
11 EAI 2 H

TI EAI I H
11 EAt IIH
11 ECOUT H
11 [PI H
T! ERAS l

T, E(AS L
11 [SElOH
11 (SEL I H
TI [wLS L
11 (wHB L

12 ROv l
TI TeLl< H
11 BCLR L

All

31) A:~

11 SAUl H
TI SALIZ H
TI SAUl H

11 OALl2 H
'ffl)ALII H

3:3 A11

11 DALI. H

32 Alii
21 (OUT

11 SAlle H
TI SAL q H
TI SAL e H

TI OAL 9 H

TlOAL9H

31 FI
ZQ -RAS
UI -(AS

TI E(A(K L

TIEOMGL

TI ESELI H ~Il}lo""----'
TI EOMG H

~~~~LB

11 E(ASL~u

28
27 R/-WHB

I v'

Tt OAL If H

~b -ROY

.B XTAll
XTALG
I -BClh

7"'1.,.53n

1 01 E~lm(l) 2

L~=========~'+

0I
L _ _ _ _ _;i17 02
03

LT~I~0AL=-'1-;H'----718A1D7

t:p
tv

TIOALZH
TIDAl.IH
11 OAL' H

170b
140r;
13: 04

~"'8'--_ _ _ _ _ __

TI EWHBL

~~~l,--_________________

TI EWLBL

I~~.'-----------------

TI SAL 1 H

Rim
r;
R2(1)·

11SALbH

R;:(I) Ci
R7(f) 19
Rb(l)lb
R,)(ul'5
R4(\) I

TISAl.4H
T I SAL 3: H

TI SAl';H

11 EOMGL
11 EDBIN

TISALZH
TI SAL I H

TI ERES L

~TIINTAL

T.I READ H

TI.4 PC;: H

TIDCLKH

T1ESELmH~
11 CALlZH
TI ESEL. 1 H
TI EDBIN L

,~,

~TITCLKZH

TI EWRL L

TI B(lR H

".~.oZ."'1)7b HHZ

1"'1.,.57'"

TI EwRH l

':~l
TI HBOIR H
2!~>'-------

+~.

11 E(AS H
TI EOBtN L

TISAL,H

DC
EN
,---,-

11 TCLK H

TI REAO H

11 ERAS L·

TI T(Ut H

TI OAL£N L

~ ... SELG

+~.

B·
TI SAL II) H
11 SAUlt H

TI OALIl H

3... 12

z~-;r-p"--------- TI DATA H

11 REAOH

+~.
TIDAlll)H
TI DALI'" H

Alb

t.tl)

1~1

TI E(AS L

ADORESS
LATCH

2~~TIEROL

9E21

TEB

- " - - T2 ARC 11 L

)AlIS H

TI CALl4 H
TIDALI~H

TIDALI2H
TloALllH

TI DALlltlH
TI OAl QH
TI OAL Bioi

74LS24'}
E4'
9t 18
2 AI
82 17
' A2
B~16
4.:.,
84 11)
o A4
BS 14
b Ao

Be 11

7 Ab
S A7
AS

87 12
BE II

" ",,' "~""

f20BrSH
T20814H
T2 Ofl 13 H
T20812H
T Z DB r t H
TlDBI()H
T 2 DB Q H
T2 DB
H

TI SAL 14 H

2 SHB

TI SAL II) H

'SHC

+sv
", .. !I ERAS L

j ~

0,+

I I

TI OAL 14H
12

~_ EN

4~,

TIC.aII~I-I~~11I3

TIOALSH

TI DALbH

'AZ
't iI'3

S-"4

DAL4H
T r OAL, H
TIOAL2H
TIDAL I H
TIDALItH

~
I

62 I f

8,Ic
84 IS
8S 14

(. ':'S
7.lt>
6 .....7
9 he

~12 E{sBi~ ~

86 13
87 12
8e II

DB S H
riB 4 H
DB 3 H
r 8 2 H
DB I H
DB 1 H

PERI PHERAL
(HIP
DECODER
74lS138
E26

Drohe2

TISAL3H
TI SAlo H

TI SAL4 H

~ SELS

TI SALCjH

SEL(
D't

"~'''~.

T2ADI4H
T2 ADI":j H
T2ADI2H
T2AOIIH
T2AOIQlH
T2AO 9H
T2An 8"

FIt;; 14

tAS
7 Ar;,
EA7
lAB

F<6 I,
F<712
F-& II

"
"" "~.
T2ADr;,H

T2A'JSH
T2A[l4H
T2 AD '3 H
T2AC2H
T2ACIH
T2ADIIlH

81 16
R4 IS
8S I ..
Sf 13
f,7 12
86 I I

..q
)44
6 AS
7Ab

c'H
9 AS

~Q~TIDAL,QH

REFRESH ON

~~TIDAL8H

NORMAL WRITE

T2 PPI L
T2 pcr L
T2 DLART L

TIEDM(,L~,

~~10

TI[lALI~H

'TI DALI2 H
TIDAL I I H
TI OAL I!I H
TIC1AL9H
TI DAL 8H

USER DATA
'sus BuFFER
74lS24<;
E'4
81 18
82 17
3j,2

Ib 8IT MODE

TI [PI H
T! ERAS L
TI ECAS L
TI ESEL/JH
T! ES£LIH
TIEOMGL
TI EOBIN l

745241
E4a

":j

R2
IU

IS
lL
S
13 DBl
YBl 7
II OBI
YBI 9

R,
I ~m

17
TI [(OUT H

g:~

~ OAI
b OAl
B DA'3
OA4

::~

YAI Ie
YA2 Ito
YA,I4
YA4 I

T2 (OUTH

+>V

c"'l,S~'bU

E2'

T2 HALT L

T2 PI H

T2 RAS L

5I
HALT

I ••
T2 CAS L
TI r AL 7 H
TIDAL 6 H
TIDALSH
TI OAL 4 M
TI OAL 3 H
TIDAL 2 H
TI (lAL I H
TI DALI]) H

Rb
I ••
T2 SEl (I L

+Sv

R7
I ••
TZSELll

T2 PF I
(14)

Bc JNC

52
INT

II.

Rl7
2.2K

~ T2 OI'1(,L

~: ~!~~~ ~

11'IIr...~l:5IDIIlp!L-- T2 E(AS 2 L

T2 ARD~ l
T2 ARD I L
T2AROIXL

T I 0AL IS H
T I OAll'l H

orR ENG
TI HBCIR H
TI CALEN L

TISAL7H

V.>
7'tLS24S
E47
AI 16
B<:: 17
~L:;2
83
IfA,
f<4 IS
SAl.>

~LS~ TI OAL II H

I SElA

TI EWLB L
TI SAL II H
TI SAL lilI H
TISALQH
TISALBH

11'l

DATA

T 2 067 H
T2 Ie b H
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2

STA~T

ADDRESS
J41l10ille

T2 ROY L

7'oLS24"j

, ,.""~'

TIOALI3H

BUS BUFFER

U" 81 Ib

T2 ARDIl(

Db
07

~'
' : - " " ..... ,,,,,

E VAWATOR

os III

TI EDBIN L
T2 [SEL l

11 OAL IS H

TI BelR H

T2 DBIN L

+,.

~
TI
TI
TI
TI
TI
TI
TI
TI

9 AI'

" AI'

,AO

D7~ TZ DBJliH
D6~ TZ 081 .. 101
DS~ TZ 0I11H

All

'.,

2 A.
, AS

TISAL~H

, ,16
4 Ali

~A"
~ oil

TZ 081'H

g~i=: ~~ ~:::

• A2
A'

TI SAL Z"
TISALIN

,A~

0'77-- T2 08'1101

DZ~

-----lA2

-;:::J ~

T~~=~~

TI [WRL L

071H--- T2 017101

Db~ TZ D'~H
DI)~ Tl DISH
D4~ T2 ol .. H
0,1

~T2oel"'"
~TZO'ItN
~T2D'12H

T2011H

ff--- 12 DB II H
~T2 DlI,H
J!-T2
L-T2J"1f18H

T2 ARo. L

,~
'Ell
,,,
,
,,
,2
,
•
,
,-----;

th!--- T 2 08.-; 101

D2~ T20BZH
DI~ TZD8IH
O.~ T2 !JOI.

5'·~·I"

TZ AROII L"

El'

A8
Z ,17

D 4 t i - - T2 DB 12101

"SA'

~
,ElO

E'S

SAlt I H
SAL I' H
SAL QI H
SAL
H
SAL 7 H
SAL t. H
SAL'") H
SAL" H

019 H

Tl087M
T2 oe'H
T208I1)M
TZ DB '1M
T2 DB:t M
12 oa2 H

yzr,tlH
12

re."

18 ZI

TI (wRL L:

TI [WRH L

If'
~

E21
27f:11t
"2
Eltl)
19
TI SAL fl 101'21 J.12 07 18

T2 08 II) H

~: ~:~ :~ : ~:~ ~ 11 ~~~::~:

T I SAL I' H 21t A~
TI SAL q H ~ ,18

Ol.i:: T2 08 12 101
01 11

T2 DB II H

~: ~:~ ~: \I:~ g~ 12 ~~~:::
T I SAL 6 H C; AI)

i: ~:t:: ~:~

;: ~:~;: ::~
TI

SAL I H II ,lei

O. II

T2 DB 8 H

-l!!..
~~~~~~~;~
~
,.

AI~.r;lDl Iq T2 DB 7 H

n SAL 11 H 2
TISAll2H Z1 AII
TI SAL II H 21 AI'
TI SAL III H 21t Aq
TI SAL q H zr; ,18
TI SAL 6 H 1 oil
TI 'SAL 1 H It ,1&
TI SAL f> H I) ,Ie;

~: ~:t ~ ~ ;:~

TI SAL J H 8 AZ
TI SAL 2 H QI AI
TI SAL I H I' AG

+sv

[)EttS
01) 11
Olt It.
01 II)

02 11
01 12
Dl I '

TZ DB b H
T2 DB I) H
T2 DB If H
T2 08 1 H
T2 DB 2 H
12 08 t H
T2 DB II H

"'I)V~
1

iSV

2
¥

UI.t)

~: ~:; ~=

E21
(tit)

11 EAI, H
TI EAI I "
TI EAI2 "
TI"£AI1"

+')V

(1'1)

EzT--'

E21

~:~:~!:

Z7ttlt

: fKII _.J

ZK :

L-

ff~

~~
,. ~~ ~~~:~ t

•

11 INTA LTI) INT7 I.:TI) INTEl I.:-

TC) INT' L"

~Ot R'W 2
~DI

7Itf~l't..

7ItLS~7't

Til) INH L
Tit INT8 L-

Rr<!)~_---l_ _i..I>

02 RZCt) f:I

If. 01

17 g~

R'{J)~9
::::.~:",.

Til) (NT2 l-

:~ DC) Ff)(I) IS

Tit OI"IR L'

0" Fl't(l) IZ

___.J,.£,d
I'

i4-'i.~(1f

T2 HALTL

2 loll

T2 PF l.:

I.t IAZ

1Y21t1

In I"
b~-----+=======t'~' ~AI ZYI

Ip'!.._ _ _ _-=======~IAJ
I A..

1, .. 12

~~ZA2

2Y2~

lit

~~! ~

2 loll

In 12
1'1
ly ...

:~ ~A2

2Y2~'9

17 ~:

,.
TI ED"' H

TI EPI H --'lr!!s~>='----L-.l

I" 18
IY2 It>

f:I
8 'Alt

IAl
I 2AI 2Y1

TIE(ASH

If tA2

~:~,

H AI7H
n Alt.H

n AIS"
Tl AI 't H

n AI'"
TJ .11:11 H

nAil"

nAIl"

T2DB7H~D7

12 DB b H~ Db
12 OBI) ~ DC;

12 De If

~ 04

PA7 n
PAt> 38

3 01
... 01

RClW 2
RUD')

PAC;

702

RZOl b

R3(t) Q
RIt(l) ,q

... IA2 U. IV2 16
b 143
tV, Ilf
1A.,.
IV .. 12
17 2A4
2Y4::1

21AI

~ 03

FA ... 4ID
PA::! I

e 03
18 Olf

T2DB2H--HOZ

17 0 ,)

Rsm 1b

IS 2A3

12 DB 1
12 08111

H~
rt~

PAZl
PAI::I

RMI) I')
R1W 12

13 2A2

FB7r,i-- T4 Pe 7 H

12 PPI

L~ cs

14 Db
07
DC

?BC;~ 14 pa'}'"

12 DB::!

01
0$

TI SAl2H~ AI
TI SAL I H~ ~

PA'I~I.f.,

TI E081N L - - f t ; ~D
TI B(LRH---2.2 RESET

"'81~ T4 PBI H

TIEwRLL~W'R

T4 PC 7
PO
T4 PC 6 H---1! PC6

T4PCI)~~P(Cj

TI.iP(4H~f-(4

2'AI
4'A
b IA~

PB2~T4P82H

PB(II~T4peClH

po.!.l.---- T4 PC ::I H
P(2~ T4 PC 2 H
pel~ T4PCIH
pelJl~T4PC'H

2VI

y"Q

74(c;lQ4(J

IVI

'U,

,;~

18
Ib
14
12

IV"

It2A2
I'ZAI

ZVlif.

T4 UAL

RZZ
47

eZ4t
T~iC; l~
~~~b

T2 AD I
T4lDPl

R2Q

'+7

!~~1f

R28t
47

T2 AD II): 1'1

T4LEL
T4LDL
T4 LC L
T4 LBl
T4 LAL

TZA.DIZH

DB
TI) De:, 4 H

IN414fL...

T<; De:, 3 H

IN4'4e

T S De:, 2 H
T<; DC:. 1 H

D7
Db

7
b

IN4, ... e
INltl4e

TI EWHS L

Ifl

T4 PC

4 H

(14)""

loll

~.,

T4 WHB L

121

- I

T'-4 PC b H

TI (RES l

T2 AOl3H

T2AOl4 tt

T2 AD II) H

13 AI 0 H
13 AI 2 H

13 AI '+ H

13 AI I) H

AI 1 H

13 AI 3 H
13 AI 7 H

T4 PB til H

T4 PB I H

T4 P8 Z H

T4 PB 3 H

T4 PB '+ H

T4 PB C; H

T4 PB 6 H

T4 P8 7 H

T2 HALT L

T2 PF L

T 4 Of1R L

T4 INTS L

T4 VEe L.

T2 PI H

'") ,

TZ ARD 3 l
T'-4 RESET l

T4 PC 7 H

T2 ARC 11L

T4 lACK L

T2 Of1G L

12SEL.IH

TlSELIIH

T4 wLB L

T2 AD 11 H

T2 ARDZ L

RI"

RlB

T2 AD\)

I + Sv

T4 PC C; H

\04

HADe H
T2 AD II H

T4 RESET L

2.
+I)V

TZ AD 7

nAI 6 H

E23

T4WlBL

TtEDMC,H~

T I (OMC, L - r - - - . . . J

T<) D6 , 1'1

,,---.,
q

IN41 ...

I'")'

E23
2_

+C)V~

T2 AD ~ H

T ... L() L.
TI.i LF L

KEYPAD

T4 UG l

14UFL
T4 UE l
T4 UD L
14 ue l
14 ue L

2V2~:

ylQ

14 UDP L

f4 7 .

1:~3

2Y4::1

l7B

!~'7 ~ "t7

6 I A'"

Ie:,

fR"

17 244
1<; 2A~

L---

RIC;

2Y2~~T
~ej~
~!R2r ~~t f

T4 PC3 H

~~Ib ~~7

zv, C;

I 12AI

peb~ 14 PSb H I l i
pe ... ~ T4 .pe It H
"'B1~ 14 pe::l H

1yl.l8

T 4 WHB L
T2 RAS L

R••

• Sv

TI (lACK L

I>"

T Z CAS L

RII

T 2 DBIN L

T2(OUTH
T4 lACK L

T2 ROv l

UPPER

NUMERIC DISPLAY

UPPER
RIGHT
OIGET

LEFT

OIGEl

ESO

ES2

21:

T4 UA L
T4 UF L

E"17

<3'

e
~

T'5 0(' Cj H

LOWER
LEfT

LOWER
RIGHT
OlGET

DIGH

T4 LA L
T4 LF L

E.9

T"UOL

c.A!!.\

I I"

TCj oG 3 H

T'5 oGIL H

T4 ue, L
T4 U( L

TCj 0(,4 H

Te; oG 2 H
Te; OG I H

'"'

2 <

T4 LOP L

""I

ElO

E'"' '
G II
( III

0 8

T4 LE L·

T4 LG L
T4 LC L

TS OLS I LTI BCLR H

T'l DC"

Til LD L

T'5 tNT3 L

JtHITlR~.,J

re;INTZl

BRClK

S031
8a:iliHZ .:.')

IIIIUF
Ie;V

TSOG3H
T,DGZH·

~~ g~~:

.,RlO

82<)1
T2007 H
T208b H

HOBS H

~ D7

to O~

". -12_~

~12it

DTR
T2 08 4 H
2
T2 DB 3 H
1 r.z
T2 Dez H
T2D81H 28 r J
T2 0811 H 27 Dil
TZ PCI L II
TI SAl. I H 12 c/D
TI [OBIN L
T I EwRl L
R I< C 3
TI TCLK2H 21l ClI(
TIBClRH ZI hfSfT rAEMPTv 16
TO; PoSR l
22 5SR SVN)fT BO t6
TO; PCTS L 17
~TiC
TO; SRCU< H
ze; RiC

"
"

.~Te;tNTbl

Te;INT7l

TI<O~Q

T4 PC I H
T4 PC 2 H
T4 PC 3 H

14.
"e
"

l
l

DH.

AUXIlL6.Rv

Lu7K

+"
DTE
CONSOLE

4,7K

~T'5DLSIL
I~

l
F"7

TO; Peso
TO; PCSI

R.b

~TC;LJGIH

F2
T4 PC II H

Te; PRTS L
Te; POTR L

'"r,

+I~

~Te;DGZH

TCj DL5 " L
Te; LCLK H

+IZV

".ro

·To; BR(lK H

~Te;OGITH
7't14e;

THRU en

.1I47UF----j

TO; INTF L

:! ~

T[ST

Z'VSS

+r-

RTClJ(')(I3S
RTCU(bI 36

127 51
H

"
M

+o;V

~.:.

BRKIRQ,H

ZE -PBRI
31 -BRSCI
H -BRSI
'Ie -BRSl.

T'OG ... H

O~"RTRCI/IRG~
~'l:

2" INIT

A.NODE

I~ O!l.LI'5
18 DALIlt

T2 08 13 H 17DALI3
TZD912H IbOALI2
T2 08 I I H 1'5 f"\ALI I
T2DBIIH 14 DII.LI\1I
T2 08 Q H J D.l.L<}
T2 DB 8 H 12 D.3.L~
T2 DB 7 H I I OAL7
IQ DALb
T2 08 b 1-1
9 0AL,)
T2 D8 'l 1-1
E' O.~L4
T2 De 4 H
70AL3
T2 08 3 H
b OAL2
T2 (;8 2 H
T2 D8 I H
S L'AL I
.. DALII
T2 DS (!. H
U CLK
TI DClK H
I -RD
TI EOBIN L·
3 -wLB
TI ["liL8 L
2 -CS
T2 DlART l
TISAlZH 23 A2
TI SAL I H 22 A I
21 At

~"""

(, II
( II

~D
7 FE

T4 UoP L
T4 UE L

T2 DB I') 1-1
TZ08I41-1

.,R"

;~G

FB II

~TSDG4H

R'
211.

Te;POTAL~B

\..!:>L---+- T C; DC, 3 H

~TC;OGo;H

To;PRTSL~11

TS DLSO L

Te; pcso

l~to

I.Z'I
I.
I.
R",
,00

APPENDIXC
ERROR MESSAGES
C.l DIAGNOSTIC ERROR MESSAGES
The following flashing error messages are displayed if the DCTII-EM fails its diagnostic tests. These are
fundamental errors and must be corrected before you attempt to do anything else.
UPPEA
DISPLAY

LOWER
DISPLAY

I I I I'I I I I IElll+1
I I I 121 I I I IElll+1
I I I'H I I I IEI'I'H'I
I I I I I I Hll+1
3

1 1

MEANING
RAM cha::ksum test failed. Try
replacing RAM chips.

ROM checksum test failed. Try

replacing ROM chips.

RAM and ROM checksum tests failed.

Board may have major problems.

DLAAT feedback test failed.
Board may halle major problems.

C.2

KEYPAD ERROR MESSAGES
If the DCTII-EM detects an error while you are using the keypad, it displays a flashing error message on
the upper and lower rows of LEOs. The upper row of LEOs displays a two-character error code and the
lower row of LEOs displays:

The entire error message disappears and the DCT II-EM is returned to register mode when you press the
HALT switch or any key on the keypad.
The keypad error messages are as follows.
UPPER
DISPLAY

111+111
111+111

LOWER
DISPLAY

MEANING
You tried to e;o.:ecute a program With
a BPT instruction In it.

A break was detected on the console
terminal pon while the keypad was
active.

C-I

You tned to execute CI program with
an invalid Instruction In It.

YOu tried to execute a program and
used an unacceptable value for the
SP. See chapter 5 for more information.

You tried to a!ter a protected location
In the keypad monitor scratch pad
(locations 7400 through 7776).

C.3 CONSOLE MESSAGES
The console displays 12 different messages (Table C-IJ. Most of these are error messages that indicate a
problem with your input or with the execution of your program. This paragraph explains each of the
messages and its probable causes.
Some of the error messages are preceded by the portion of your input that caused the error. If this is the
case, your erroneous input is displayed between backslashes on the line above the error message.

C-2

Table C-l

Console Messages

Message

Meaning

BRANCH OUT OF RANGE

You input a branch instruction which was too far from the branch destination. Recall that branch instructions have a range of -J28 to 127 (decimal)
words.

BREAK POINT
ENCOUNTERED

A breakpoint (81, 82, B3, or 84) or a BPT instruction was encountered
while your program was executing.

BUFfER OVERfLOW

The console monitor was accepting input from a host and a line exceeding 96
characters was received. As with all errors generated during host loading.
this error stops the OCT I I-EM from loading further input from the host.

CONSOLE BREAK

The BREAK key on the console keyboard was pressed. If you are executing
a program, execution stops and the OCTJ I-EM internal register values at
the time of the break are saved. If you arc in HOST, TALK, or LOAD
modes. CONSOLE BREAK causes a return to NOHOST mode.

INVALID INSTRUCTION
ENCOUNTERED

An invalid op code was encountered while your program was running.

INVALID STACK POINTER

The stack pointer did not have a value between 4 and 6500 (inclusive) when
you started your program or when you single stepped.

NOT IN USER RAM

You attempted to alter a location that was in the protected mOnitor
scralchpad area (locations 6500 through 7777, inclusive).

ODD ADDRESS

You attempted to access a full word in RAM on an odd address bounda~
Use the BYTE mode 10 examine or alter locations at odd addresses.

REPEAT OF ZERO

You input a REPEAT command that had a count of zero.

TABLE fULL

You attempted to define more than 66 symbols.

UNDEFINED EXPRESSION

You attempted to use an undefined parameter, operand. or other data object
when a defined expression was required. For example, you referenced an
undefined symbol while in PASS2 mode.

WHAT'!

You attempted to input a line that had a syntax error in it.

C-3

INDEX
A

ABSOLU command, 4-7, 4-29
Address decoding, 6-6
Address pointer, 4-6
Address space, 5-13
standard RAM space, 5-15
expansion RAM space, 5-15
monitor space, 5-15
I/O space, 5-15
for external hardware, 5-16
reserved, 5-16
Altering memory
with console, 4-10
with keypad, 3-10, 3-32
Altering registers
with console, 4-5
with keypad, 3-4, 3-32
.ASCII command, 4-21, 4-29
B

.BLKB command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKW command, 4-21, 4-29
Breakpoints canceling
with console, 4-20
canceling with keypad, 3-27, 3-32
displaying with console, 4-20
displaying with keypad, 3-20, 3-32
setting with console, 4-19
setting with keypad, 3-20, 3-32
Buffers, 6-5
.BYTE command, 4-21, 4-30
BYTE command, 4-7, 4-30

c
Cancel breakpoints, 3-27, 3-32
CANCEL command, 4-16, 4-20, 4-30
CLEAR command, 4-14, 4-30
Connectors, 6-8
60-pin (J1), 6-8 through 6-9
auxiliary serial (13), 6-10
console serial (14), 6-11
power supply (J2), 6-10
Console
altering memory with, 4-10
altering registers with, 4-5
command summary, 4-29

connecting a, 4-1
control commands, 4-3
default modes, 4-2, 4-21
entering programs with, 4-12
examining registers with, 4-5
examining memory with, 4-7
host loading with, 4-22
input rules, 4-2
monitor, I-I, 3-28, 5-1, 5-15
output formatting modes, 4-6
single stepping with, 4-17
transferring control to and from, 4-2
using breakpoints with, 4-19
using watch point with, 4-16
Console commands
ABSOLU command, 4-7, 4-29
.ASCII command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKB command, 4-21, 4-29
.BLKW command, 4-21, 4-29
.BYTE command, 4-21, 4-30
BYTE command, 4-7, 4-30
CANCEL command, 4-16, 4-30
CLEAR command, 4-14, 4-30
DELETE command, 4-14, 4-30
.END command, 4-26, 4-30
.EVEN command, 4-21, 4-30
EXIT command, 4-2, 4-30
GO command, 4-16, 4-30
HELP command, 4-21, 4-30
HOST command, 4-23, 4-30
INSTRU command, 4-7, 4-30
LOAD command, 4-24, 4-30
NOHOST command, 4-23, 4-30
PASSI command, 4-25, 4-30
PASS2 command, 4-25, 4-30
REPEAT command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWMO command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWRE command, 4-5, 4-31
SHOWSY command, 4-14, 4-31
.START command, 4-25, 4-31
STEP command, 4-17, 4-31
SYMBOL command, 4-7, 4- 3 I
TALK command, 4-23, 4-38
VTOFF command, 4-3, 4-31
VTON command, 4-3, 4-31
.WORD command, 4-21, 4-31
CTRL/ A, 4-3, 4-24, 4-25, 4-32
CTRL/C, 4-3, 4-32
INDEX-I

CTRL/O, 4-3, 4-24, 4-32
CTRL/Q, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/R, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/S, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/U, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/X, 4-3, 4-32
CTRL/Y, 4-3, 4-32

INT switch, 3-25, 6-7
INSTRU command, 4-7, 4-30
Instruction format, 4-11
Interrupts, 5-5, 6-6

J
D

Jumpering, 2-4, 6-4
Default operating modes, 2-3, 4-2, 4-21
DCTII-AA microprocessor, 1-1,6-3
DELETE command, 4-14, 4-30
Directives, 4-20
Debugging, see Breakpoints,
Single stepping, Watchpoints
E

.END command, 4-36, 4-30
EPROM,6-4
.EVEN command, 4-21, 4-30
EXIT command, 4-2, 4-30
Error Messages
console, C-2
diagnostic, 2-4, C-I
keypad, C-I
Examining memory
with console, 4-7
with keypad, 3-7
Examining registers
with console, 4-6
with keypad, 3-2
Expressions, 4-3

K
Keypad
altering registers with, 3-4
altering memory locations with, 3-10
command summary, 3-32
entering programs with, 3-12, 3-16
examining registers with, 3-2
examining memory locations with, 3-7
monitor, 1-1,2-3,5-1,5-15
number system, 3-2
single stepping with, 3-17
special functions, 3-26
cancel breakpoints, 3-27, 3-32
go with LEDs, 3-27, 3-32
release protection, 3-30, 3-32
set baud rates, 3-28, 3-32
start console, 3-34, 3-32
using breakpoints with, 3-19
using watchpoint with, 3-22
L

LOAD command, 4-24, 4-30

GO command, 4-16, 4-30
Go with LEDs, 3-27, 3-32
H

Host Loading
configuration, 4-22
example of process, 4-28
preparing a loadable program, 4-25
the HOST command, 4-23
the TALK command, 4-23
HELP command, 4-21, 4-30
HALT switch, 3-24, 6-7
HOST command, 4-25, 4-30

M
MACRO-II,4-20
Memory expansion module, 6-11
Monitor, 1-1,2-3,3-8,3-28,3-30,4-2,5-1,
5-15,6-4
Monitor subroutines,
console, 5-8 through 5-13
ASCOUT,5-9
CHR02,5-9
CHROUT,5-9
CRLF,5-9
GETCH,5-9
GETCHC, 5-9
GETLIN,5-8
GETNXT,5-9

INDEX-2

PRINTA,5-9
TYPDEC, 5-9
TYPOCT,5-9
using, 5-10
keypad/LED, 5-2 through 5-8
BCDKEY,5-3
DECDSP, 5-3
DGDISP, 5-2
GETKEY, 5-3
GETNUM,5-4
LOBLNK,5-3
LODISP, 5-3
UPBLNK,5-3
UPDISP,5-3
using, 5-4
N

STEP command, 4-17, 4-31
Subroutines, see Monitor subroutines
SYMBOL command, 4-7, 4-31
Symbols
defining, 4-14
deleting, 4- I 4
displaying, 4-14
symbol name rules, 4-13
Symbol table
deleting, 4- I 4
displaying, 4-14
System specifications, I-I
T
TALK command, 4-23, 4-31
Timing, 6-7
Traps, 6-6

NOHOST command, 4-23, 4-30
U

p
User LED, 3-25, 5-5
PASS I command, 4-25, 4-30
PASS2 command, 4-25, 4-30
Peripheral chips, 6-4
address decoding, 6-6
auxiliary serial line (825IA), 6-5
DLART console serial line, 6-5
parallel port (8255A), 6-4
reserved locations for, 5-15, 6-4
Processor status word, 3-2
Power supply
cable, 2-1
connector, 2-2, 6-8, 6-10
requirements, 2-1

v
VTOFF command, 4-3, 4-31
VTON command, 4-3, 4-31
W

Watchpoints
canceling with console, 4-16
canceling with keypad, 3-27
displaying with console, 4-16
displaying with keypad, 3-20, 3-22
setting with console, 4-16
setting with keypad, 3-22
,WORD command, 4-21, 4-31

RAM, 6-5
Release protection, 3-30, 3-32
REPEAT command, 4-21, 4-31

S
Set baud rates, 3-28, 3-32
SHOWMO command, 4-21, 4-31
SHOWRE command, 4-5, 4-31
SHOWSY command, 4-14, 4-31
Single stepping
with console, 4-17
with keypad, 3-17
Stack pointer, 2-3, 3-2, 5-2
.START command, 4-25, 4-31
Start console, 3-28, 3-32

INDEX-3