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Document:	Pathworks for DOS Users Handbook V4.1 Aug91
Order Number:	AA-PAF7C-TK
Revision:	0
Pages:	222
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OCR Text

PATHWORKS for DOS

User's Handbook

PATHWORKS for DOS
User's Handbook
Order Number: AA-PAF7C-TK

August 1991

Revision/Update Information:

This document supersedes
User's Handbook, Version 4.0, order
number AA-PAF7B-TK.

Software Version:

PATHWORKS for DOS Version 4.1

Digital Equipment Corporation
Maynard, Massachusetts

First Published, December 1989
January 1991, August 1991

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may
be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated
companies.
Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in
Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1989, 1991.

All Rights Reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The postpaid Reader's Comments form at the end of this document requests your
critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC, DECnet, DECwindows, Digital, LAT, LN03, LN03 PLUS, PATHWORKS,
ThinWire, ULTRIX, VAX, VMS, VT, WPS, WPS-PLUS, and the DIGITAL logo.

This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version 1.2

The following are third-party trademarks:
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Hercules is a
registered trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. Hewlett-Packard is a
registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. Wingz is a trademark of
Innovative Software, Incorporated. IBM, PS/2, Personal Computer AT, Personal
System/2, Pro printer and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International
Business Machines Corporation. Lotus, 1-2-3, and Symphony are registered
trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation. Above and Intel are trademarks
of Intel Corporation. Windows is a trademark and Excel, InPort, Microsoft,
MS, MS-DOS, MULTIPLAN and XENIX are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. Motif is a registered trademark of Open Software Foundation,
Inc. TELENET is a registered trademark Telenet Communications Corporation.
TSSnet is a registered trademark of Thursby Software Systems, Incorporated.
HOW TO ORDER ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
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INTERNATIONAL

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P.O. Box CS200B
Nashua, New Hampshire 03061

Digital Equipment
of Canada Ltd.
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Kanata, Ontario K2K 2A6
Attn: Direct Order Desk

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* Any order from Puerto Rico must be placed with the local Digital subsidiary (B09-754-7575).
Internal orders should be placed through the Software Distribution Center (SOC), Digital Equipment
Corporation, Westminster, Massachusetts 01473.

Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xiii

1 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts
Understanding PATHWORKS Network Concepts ..................
Applications and Services ....................................
Network Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network Paths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network Device Naming Conventions ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging On to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Mouse and Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing the Mouse to Choose an Option from aMen u . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-2
1-4
1-9
1-9
1-10
1-10
1-11
1-13

2 Using File and Disk Services
U sing the Services Connected to Your Personal Computer. . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying Available Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing to the Drive Assigned to the Service ........ . . . . . . . . .
Displaying Application Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting an Application Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Network Services on Another Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining Whether a Service Is a Disk or File Service .. . . . . . . .
Connecting to a Disk Service on Another Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Errors ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting to a File Service on Another Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disconnecting from a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help for Network Services .............................
Connecting to File and Disk Services from Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . .

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-8
2-8
2-11
2-11
2-12

3 Printing
Network Printer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel and Serial Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying Your Remote Printer Connections ..................
Using Print Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Locating Other Remote Printers on the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disconnecting from a Remote Printer ........................
Other Remote Printing Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing After a Defined Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Multiple Copies of a File .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing with an Alternate Printer Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Directly to a Server Printer Queue ................
Removing Print Settings ...............................
Displaying Print Job Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a Print Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing on Local Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing on Local Parallel Printers ..........................
Sharing Your Local Printer ................................
Connecting to a Shared Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing on Local Serial Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the PrintScreen Utility .................................
Printing a Screen Display .................................
Printing from Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting to Printer Services from Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . . . .

3-1
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-4
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-15

4 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen
LAN Manager Naming Conventions ............................
U sing NET Commands ...................................
Starting the LAN Manager Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing the LAN Manager Screen ...............................
Connecting to and Using Shared Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Servers and Resources ............................
Connecting to a Shared Directory ...........................
Connecting to and Using Printer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying a Server's Printer Queues ........................
Connecting to a Printer Queue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing on the Network. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .
Disconnecting from a Printer Queue .........................
Exiting the LAN Manager Screen ..............................

4-2
4-3
4-3
4-5
4-8
4-8
4-1 0
4-14
4-14
4-15
4-16
4-16
4-17

Getting Help ..............................................

4-17

5 Transferring Files
Understanding Different File Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Characters in File Names ........................
Transferring Files to and from PATHWORKS Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transferring DOS and Server Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converting Files for Transfer to or from an ULTRIX Server . . . . . . .
Converting ULTRIX Format to DOS Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converting DOS Format to ULTRIX Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transferring Files to Other DECnet Nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using File Type Qualifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using FAL to Connect to Other DECnet Nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Locating Network Nodes ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transferring Files to a DECnet Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help for DECnet Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transferring Files over TCP/IP ................................
Defining Internet Node Names for TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting FTP and Connecting to a Host. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transferring Files to and from a Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Returning to DOS .......................................

5-2
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-13

6 Using PC DECwindows Motif
The X Server Environment ...................................
Configuring PC DECwindows Motif. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting the X Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managing Multiple Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving a Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Size of a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stacking Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shrinking a Window to an Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retrieving Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Icon Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Dialog Boxes ............................... . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying, Moving, or Deleting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Text Between Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting and Replacing Text ..................... . . . . . . . . . .

6-2
6-5
6-6
6-8
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-15
6-16
6-18
6-19
6-19
6-20
6-21
vii

Getting Help ..............................................
Exiting Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing DOS from the X Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pausing the X Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting the X Server ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-21
6-25
6-25
6-26
6-27

7 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal
Using SETHOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting SETHOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up SETHOST .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting the Communications Environment .................
Assigning and Selecting a Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving Setup Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switching Between Sessions ............................
Suspending SETHOST to Use DOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting SETHOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help for SETHOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing the VT320 Terminal Emulator in Microsoft Windows ..........
Starting the VT320 Emulator ..............................
U sing the Program Manager Run Option .....................
Expanding the VT320 Icon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the VT320 Emulator ............................
Exiting the VT320 Emulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-2
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-6
7-7
7-7
7-8
7-9
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-11
7-13
7-13
7-15

8 Writing and Editing with SEDT
Starting an SEDT Editing Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting SEDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding the SEDT Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing with SEDT .........................................
Typing and Deleting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Text by Cutting and Pasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving Your Work .......................................
Creating Margins and Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating aNew Ruler ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing a Saved Ruler .....................................
Getting Help ..............................................
Leaving SEDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting SEDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quitting SEDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii

8-1
8-1
8-2
8-6
8-7
8-7
8-7
8-8
8-8
8-8
8-9
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-11
8-11

9 Using Mail and Broadcast
Getting Started with Mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Message Flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing the Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Mouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Direction Keys and Hot Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Mail Command Line ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving in the Browser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sing Mail's Default Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading Mail Displayed on the Browser ............ . . . . . . .
Reading New Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Checking for New Mail ................................
Sending Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replying to Mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending a New Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Including a File in a Message ...........................
Forwarding Mail .....................................
Using Distribution Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Mail Folders ......................................
Creating a New Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying the Folder List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extracting Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suspending Mail ........................................
Exiting Mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help ...........................................
Broadcast Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading a Broadcast Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sending a Broadcast Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-2
9-3
9-4
9-6
9-7
9-7
9-7
9-7
9-8
9-8
9-9
9-9
9-10
9-11
9-11
9-11
9-13
9-13
9-14
9-14
9-15
9-15
9-17
9-17
9-17
9-18
9-19
9-19
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-21

A International - Multilingual Support
Switching to a Different Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Returning to Your Primary Language ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying Languages for Different Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A-2
A-3
A-3

Glossary
Index
Figures
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
2-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
x

PATHWORKS for DOS File Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PATHWORKS Disk Services .........................
Mouse and Mouse Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting to a File Service from Microsoft Windows . . . . . .
Sharing Your Local Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Printers Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Completed Printers Network Connection Dialog Box. . . . . . .
Initial LAN Manager Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The LAN Manager Screen Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LAN Manager View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resources Available at (Server) Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V se a Network Resource Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resources Connected to Your Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print Queue Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LAN Manager Help Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model of PC DECwindows Motif Environment. . . . . . . . . . . .
A Sample X Server Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PC Session Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PC Session Manager Start Application Dialog Box ........
DECwindows XVI Window Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resize Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Push-to-Back Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shrink-to-Icon Button ..............................
Sample Appointment Calendar Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The X Server Help Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calendar Help Window .............................
SETHOST Login Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Communications Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting the Communications Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning SETHOST Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-8
1-9
1-12
1-14
2-13
3-12
3-16
3-17
4-4
4-5
4-7
4-9
4-11
4-12
4-15
4-17
6-3
6-5
6-7
6-9
6-10
6-12
6-13
6-15
6-16
6-22
6-23
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6

7-5
7-6
7-7

7-8
8-1

9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7

Program Group with VT320 Icon ..................... .
U sing the Run Option to Start the Emulator ............ .
VT320 Emulator Login Screen ....................... .
VT320 Emulator Window ........................... .
SEDT Default Screen .............................. .
MAILSETUP Screen .............................. .
Mail Login to Server Window ........................ .
Mail Browser .................................... .
Reading a Mail Message ........................... .
Replying to a Mail Message ......................... .
Mail Folder List .................................. .
Mail Help ....................................... .

7-11
7-12
7-12

7-13
8-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-10
9-12
9-16
9-20

Tables
1-1
2-1
2-2
4-1
5-1
6-1
6-2
8-1
8-2
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4

Mouse Techniques ................................ .
Network Service Display Information ................. .
File Service Display Parameters ..................... .
LAN Manager Screen Elements ...................... .
Special Character for File Names .................... .
Memory Considerations and Use ..................... .
Supplying Information to Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SEDT Editing Options Displayed in the Mode Line ....... .
SEDT Ruler Settings .............................. .
Browser Screen Elements .......................... .
Message Flags ................................... .
Moving in the Browser ............................. .
Mail Editor Key Sequences ......................... .

1-12
2-3

2-10
4-6
5-2
6-6
6-17
8-4
8-9
9-6
9-6
9-8
9-8

Preface
Purpose
This handbook shows personal computer users how to use
PATHWORKS with the DOS operating system. The handbook
describes what the PATHWORKS system is, and how you
can begin to use PATHWORKS for DOS network services and
applications.

Audience
PATHWORKS for DOS users unfamiliar with networking concepts
and terminology should read this handbook.
This handbook assumes that users are familiar with personal
computers and have some knowledge of DOS.

xiii

Organization
The following table can help you find information in this
handbook.
Chapter 1

Introduces you to PATHWORKS concepts.

Chapter 2

Describes how to use file and disk services.

Chapter 3

Describes how to use printer services.

Chapter 4

Describes how to use the LAN Manager Screen to use
file and printer services.

Chapter 5

Describes how to transfer files over the network.

Chapter 6

Describes how to use PC DECwindows Motif.

Chapter 7

Describes how to use your personal computer as if it
were a terminal.

Chapter 8

Describes how to use the SEDT editor.

Chapter 9

Describes how to use the Mail and the Broadcast
utili ties to send and receive messages.

Appendix A

Describes how to use PATHWORKS in different
languages.

Glossary

Contains a list of PATHWORKS for DOS terms.

Related Documents
If you need more detailed information about the topics listed in
the following table, refer to their associated documents.

xiv

Topic

Document

PATHWORKS for DOS overview

Overview

Network commands

Client Commands Reference

PC DECwindows Motif

PC DECwindows Motif Guide

Terminal emulation

SETHOST Terminal Emulation
Guide and Microsoft Windows
Support Guide

SEDT editor

SEDT User's Reference

Mail

Mail User's Reference

DECnet utilities

DECnet User's Guide

TCP/IP network transport

TCP / IP User's Reference

Memory requirements

Memory Solutions for Client
Administrators

Conventions
This book uses the following conventions:

Convention

Meaning
While you hold down the Ctrl key, press
another key or a pointing device button.

I CtrllAltiDel I

While you hold down the ~ and ~ keys,
press the ~ key.
Press the IEsel key, release it, and then press
another key or a pointing device button.
Press the key that executes commands or
terminates a sequence. This key is labeled
I Return I, I EnterL or
depending on your
keyboard.

"enter"

Type all required text, spaces, and
punctuation marks; then press I Return L I Enterl,
or
depending on your keyboard.

MBl, MB2, MB3

MBl indicates the left mouse button, MB2
indicates the middle mouse button, and
MB3 indicates the right mouse button. (The
buttons can be redefined by the user.)

UPPERCASE

In VMS, DOS, and OS/2 syntax, uppercase
letters indicate commands and qualifiers. You
can enter commands and qualifiers in any
combination of uppercase or lowercase, unless
otherwise noted.
ULTRIX commands are case-sensitive. You
must enter commands in the correct case, as
printed in the text.

lowercase

Lowercase letters in command syntax indicate
parameters. You must substitute a word or
value, unless the parameter is optional.

teal blue type

In examples of dialog between you and the
system, teal blue type indicates information
that you enter. In online (Bookreader) files,
this ipformation appears in boldface.

boldface

Boldface type indicates a new term
that appears in the glossary. In online
(Bookreader) files, boldface indicates
information you enter.

Convention

Meaning

Press the specified key on the numeric keypad
of your keyboard.
two-line commands

In VMS commands, a hyphen ( - ) at the end of
a command line indicates that the command
continues to the next line. If you type the
hyphen and press I Return L the system displays
the _$ prompt at the beginning of the next
line. Continue entering the command. If you
do not type the hyphen, VMS automatically
wraps text to the next line.
In DOS and OS/2 commands, no hyphen
is used at the end of the first line; DOS
automatically wraps text. Enter the complete
command, then press IReturn Iat the end of the
command.

xvi

NOTE

Notes provide information of special
importance.

CAUTION

Cautions provide information to prevent
damage to equipment or software.

1
PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and
Concepts
PATHWORKS for DOS connects your personal computer to a
network of other computers so you can take advantage of network
resources and communicate with other users on the network. A
network provides a high-speed method for connecting computers
to other computers and to resources such as files, printers, and
communication devices.
PATHWORKS can make your job easier because of the flexibility
the network provides for your personal computer. With
PATHWORKS for DOS you can:
•

Share familiar applications such as spreadsheet and
wordprocessing

•

Share information such as common databases

•

Move files around from computer to computer

•

Use electronic mail to send and receive messages

•

Print a file on a remote printer

•

Use your personal computer as a VT300 series terminal

•

Use your personal computer as an X-terminal to display X
Window System and DECwindows Motif applications

•

Use different languages for different applications for a
multilingual working environment

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-1

This chapter describes:
•

Network concepts

•

PATHWORKS for DOS applications and services

•

Network naming conventions

•

How to log on to PATHWORKS

•

How to use a mouse and menus

Understanding PATHWORKS Network Concepts
A computer network means interconnected computers. Some of
the computers in the network are servers; others are clients. A
server is a computer that provides a central file-storage area, and
controls printers as well as other network services. A server is
also called a host computer. A client is any personal computer
or workstation that accesses network services through the server.
All client and server computers attached to the network are
called nodes. Each node is identified by a node name and node
address.
Networks can have more than one server and many thousands
of clients. The clients can use the services of any server and
connect to any printer on the network as long as they have access.
Access is usually controlled through the use of user names and
passwords.
With PATHWORKS for DOS, a client can use services offered
on OS/2, ULTRIX, VMS servers, and InfoServerlOO for CD-ROM
services.
Remote services

The network services that your personal computer accesses and
uses are called remote services. Remote services include printers,
shared data files, and shared software applications such as
wordprocessing and spreadsheet programs.

Local services

Without the network, your computer can use only local services.
That is, it can only use the printer connected to your personal
computer, and use only the files and ~pplications stored on your
hard disk and on the diskettes available to you.

1-2 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

Networks

With PATHWORKS for DOS, you can connect to two kinds of
networks:

•

Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN is a network that communicates over short distances,
typically within a building or group of buildings. A LAN can
consist of many servers and their clients. The connection
within a LAN is usually physical: cables connect the servers
and clients.
PATHWORKS supports the following types of LAN
technologies:
•

Ethernet

•

Token Ring

Wide area network (WAN)
A WAN is a network that transmits data over long distances
by using telephone lines, satellite transmissions, or radio
waves. A WAN can contain many LAN s; WAN s can be also
interconnected.

Users can also connect to a network by using a modem, which
accesses DECnet nodes by using asynchronous communication
over a serial line. Asynchronous communications let users access
telephone lines to call the LAN or WAN and use the same network
services available to those on site. Access through a modem is
called a remote connection to a network.
Network transport
software

Clients connect to networks using a network transport. Network
transport software, such as DECnet or TCP/IP, provides the
mechanism that lets:
•

Computers with different operating systems communicate
tran sparen tly

•

Servers provide services and clients access them

Other transports provide specialized services such as:

•

Local Area DiskILocal Area System Transport
(LADILAST)

LAD/LAST provides LAN services to virtual disk servers.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-3

•

Local Area Transport (LAT)
LAT provides network services to users in a LAN.
Note ____________________

LAD/LAST and LAT run on Ethernet only. LAD/LAST,
LAT, and remote boot are not supported over Token Ring.

PATHWORKS supports the following types of network transport:

•

DECnet over Ethernet, asynchronous, and Token Ring
DECnet is Digital networking software that runs on servers
and clients in LANs and WANs.

•

TCP/IP over Ethernet and Token Ring
TCP/IP is a set of protocols that runs on servers and clients
in the Internet. The Internet is a group of networks that
includes regional, university, and commercial networks.

Networks requires a common transport on the client and the
server.
The network transports you use are determined when your
personal computer is set up with the N etsetup program.

Applications and Services
With PATHWORKS for DOS you can use the following services:
•

Applications

•

Microsoft LAN Manager services

•

File services

•

Printer services

•

Disk services

Each of these services is summarized in the following list:
•

Applications
Mail
The Mail utility lets you send and receive messages you
can store on your local hard disk or in a directory on the
Mail server.

1-4 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

BCAST and RCVfrRCV
The BCAST (Broadcast) utility lets you send messages to
other network users.
The RCV utility lets you receive messages sent by the
system administrator or other network users. It also lets
you receive mail notification. The TRCV utility lets you
receive messages sent over the TCP/IP network transport.
PC DECwindows Motif
PC DECwindows Motif lets you use the X Window
System and DECwindows Motif applications
SEDT

SEDT is a full-screen editor that provides numerous text
editing and text manipulation functions.
USE
The USE utility lets you manage connections to servers,
services, and applications.
Terminal emulation
The SETHOST and VT320 for Microsoft Windows
terminal emulators let your personal computer emulate
a VT300 series terminal to connect to a system on the
network, such as a VMS or an ULTRIX system. SETHOST
is used at the command line, while the VT320 terminal
emulator is used within Microsoft Windows only.
DECnet utilities
Network Control Program (NCP)
NCP is the program you or your system administrator
use to locate, manage, and configure network nodes.
Network File Transfer (NFT) and File Access Listener
(FAL)

NFT and FAL let you exchange files with users on
other DECnet systems.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-5

TCPIIP utilities
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

ARP lists the hardware addresses (or IP addresses)
and their corresponding Ethernet addresses for nodes
on the Internet.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP lets you transfer binary and text files to and from
any host computer that supports TCP/IP.

NETSTAT

NETSTAT shows the status of the TCP/IP network.
PING

PING is a utility that lets you know if a specific node
can be reached.
•

Microsoft LAN Manager services
LAN Manager software manages network tasks, and
coordinates communication between servers and clients. With
LAN Manager, you can use the LAN Manager Screen (a
menu-oriented interface) or the LAN Manager NET commands
to manage your network connections.

• File services
A file service lets
more than one
user read and/or
write to files
simultaneously.

A file service lets you connect to and use files and directories
on a server. File services are used as shared directories where
users can read and write.
A file server uses byte range locking that lets several users
write to a file simultaneously. Byte range locking prevents
simultaneous updating to the same section of a file when users
simultaneously write to a file.
The system administrator sets up connections to a personal,
a common, a printer, and an application service for each user.
You are automatically connected to these file services on your
server when you log on:

1-6 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

Personal file service
A personal file service contains the files that belong
to you alone. This service is usually assigned to drive M
when you log on. Your personal file service is protected
from other users by your user name and password.
Common file service
A common file service contains data and text files
you can share with other users. You find these shared
applications in the PCCOMMON file service. Common file
services can be set up so that access by certain users can
be restricted. For example, you can specify that USER1
has only read access to PC COMMON.
Printer service
A printer service lets you use a printer connected to a
network server or a parallel printer connected to another
personal computer.
Application service
An application file service connects you to an
application you commonly use, such as Lotus 1-2-3 or
Microsoft Word. You can have many application service
connections.
Figure 1-1 shows an example of file service connections.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-7

Figure 1-1 PATHWORKS for DOS File Services
User
Files

Common
Files

Application
Files

TA-0612-AC

•
A disk service
provides fast
access to files.

Disk services
A server can also store files and directories in a disk service.
The disk service is located in space allocated on the server
called a virtual disk. The disk service appears as a VMS file
on the server, and lets users access it as if it were a local disk
drive.
A disk service lets users simultaneous access to read-only
files, and gives one user fast access to read-write files. If an
application is stored on a disk server, users can access the
application quickly.
Note

Disk services are only offered on VMS servers over
Ethernet.

Figure 1-2 shows an example of PATHWORKS disk services.

1-8 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

Figure 1-2 PATHWORKS Disk Services

L=-!I!

DECnet

-=Q=o II

1'2Sc:::l\

VMS Server

Disk Services
TA-0611-AC

Network Naming Conventions
Just as computers and users are identified by node names and
user names, shared resources are identified by network paths and
device names.

Network Paths
File and disk services make it easy to find and share data that is
available to many network users. To make connections and use
network services, you use network paths. Network paths are
used to identify and locate services on the network. A network
path consists of:
•

Server name-indicates which server provides the service. For
example:
\\SERVR3

•

Service name-indicates what service is connected to your
personal computer. For example:
\APPS

Note that the server name must be preceded by two backslash
characters, and the service name is preceded by one backslash
character.
System administrators assign service names when they make
services available.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-9

Network Device Naming Conventions
To use a service, you connect one of your personal computer's
device names to the service. A device name is a name that
identifies a local or remote resource to your personal computer.
Device names are also known as logical devices. The most
common device names are:

•

Disk device names, that is, drive letters such as A, B, and

c.
•

Printer device names, that is, printer devices such as LP1'l
and LP1'2.

Logging On to the Network
Logging on lets
you access
the services
your system
administrator has
set up for you.

Each person who has access to the network has a network
account, which is assigned by the system administrator. An
account consists of the:
•

Node name (the name of the server)

•

User name (often your surname)

•

Password

•

A list of services to which you are automatically connected

•

A list of system activities you are allowed to do (called
privileges). Privileges can include access to remote printers
and files.

You can use your system account from almost any personal
computer on the network. After you turn on your personal
computer, connect to your system account by supplying your node.
name, user name and password. Supplying the information is
called logging on.
Logging on

To log on to your account, enter:
•

The LOGON command

•

Your personal computer's node name or the server's node
name

1-10 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

•

Your user name

•

An asterisk ( * )
The asterisk tells the system to prompt you for your password.
As you type your password, it is not displayed on the screen.

For example, enter:
c:\> LOGON SERVR3 USERl *

At the prompt, enter your password.
If you get an error message, reenter the LOGON command and
password.
If no profile has been set up for you on the server, the following
message is displayed:
No user profile found in user account.

Contact your system administrator about setting up your user
profile.
When you have logged in, information about the services to which
you are connected is displayed. Chapter 2 describes how to use
these services.

Using the Mouse and Menus
Read this section
if you are
unfamiliar with
using a mouse.

Many of the applications in PATHWORKS for DOS use a mouse
and menus in place of the commands. As you move the mouse on
your desk, a pointer on screen reflects the motion. The mouse has
a button that you click to select an object or text. If a mouse has
more than one button, the buttons are always numbered left to
right.
Figure 1-3 shows two common varieties of a mouse.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-11

Figure 1-3 Mouse and Mouse Buttons
0

MB1

MB2

TA-0613-AC

Use the mouse techniques listed in Table 1-1 for MBl; MB2 and
MB3 are used less commonly.
Table 1-1 Mouse Techniques

Point

Move the mouse across your desk or another flat
surface.
As you move the mouse, the pointer follows on the
screen. When the pointer is where you want it, stop.

Click on

Point to an object and quickly press and release the
mouse button to activate the object.
If you have a mouse with more than one button, use
the left button (MBl).

Double click

Point to an object and click twice rapidly.
If you have a mouse with more than one button, use
the left button (MBl).

Shift/click

With the pointer where you want it, press and hold
IShiftl and click MBl. Release IShiftl .

Drag

Point, then press and hold down MBl, move the
cursor or object, and release the button.

1-12 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

Use the mouse to manipulate the menus used in some
applications. A menu is a list of items, commands, or functions
that you can choose. Depending on the application you are
currently using, menus can offer many different options. For
example, menus can be used to:
•

Open and close files

•

Save a file

•

Print a file

•

Recalculate a column of figures in a spreadsheet

•

Change the typeface in a wordprocessor

Using the Mouse to Choose an Option from a Menu
With some applications, such as Mail and Microsoft Windows, you
can use the mouse to choose an option (command) from a menu.
1. Point to the menu and hold down the mouse button.
The items on the menu are displayed.
2.

Drag down the menu.
Some menu items have submenus. Drag the mouse over the
submenu.
As you drag, each menu item is highlighted.

3. To choose an item, highlight it and release the mouse button.
Figure 1-4 shows Mail's Send menu and its commands.

PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts 1-13

Figure 1-4 Sample Menu

Folder Message Filter Group Other
PgUp PgDn Help Quit
. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , G: : MA I WK3. EPS for kathy "FroM 9.91218, [171210]
Send new Message
Forward current Message
Reply to current Message
Annotate current Message
Resend Last Message
Send with binary attachMent

Browser for reMote folder MIse [1 Message]
Use arrows to select option.
Press Ese to exit

1-14 PATHWORKS for DOS Terms and Concepts

27-Nov-90

02:59pM

2
Using File and Disk Services
The PATHWORKS for DOS software provides access to many
different data-storage locations across a network; the application
or file you need may be located in a distant office on a different
server than the one you normally use. PATHWORKS for DOS
offers these files and applications as file or disk services.
There are two ways to access services. You can use the network
commands described in this chapter, or you can use the LAN
Manager Screen, described in Chapter 4.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Use services connected to your personal computer

•

Display and use network services available on other servers

•

Recover from errors

•

Disconnect network services

•

Get help

•

Connect to network services from Microsoft Windows

Using the Services Connected to Your Personal Computer
Your system administrator sets up your network services so that
each time you log in to the network, you are connected to a variety
of services. Typically, you have various file services, printer
services, and-if your network supports them-disk services
available to you.
To use the file and disk services on your personal computer, follow
these steps.

Using File and Disk Services 2-1

The USE

command lets
you view and
connect to
services.

Display the services available to you and the drive assigned to
each one

Change to the drive for the service you want to use

Display the directories on the drive

Select the correct application directory

5. Start the application
These steps are explained in the following sections.

Displaying Available Services
To see the services to which you are automatically connected,
enter:
M: \> USE

A listing similar to the following is displayed:
USE version V4.1 Digital Network Connection Manager [Virtual drives D:-I:]
Status

Dev

Type

Connection name

Access

Size

RO
RO

28 MB
20 MB

---------------------E:
F:
M:
N:
LPTl

DISK \\SERVR3\TOOLS
DISK \\SERVR3\WPS PLUS
FILE \\SERVR3\USER7%USER7
FILE \\SERVR3\pCCOMMON
PRINT \\SERVR3\LN03$ANSI

2-2 Using File and Disk Services

Table 2-1 explains the information you need to know about in the
display.
Table 2-1 Network Service Display Information
Screen Item

Description

Examples

Virtual drives

Drives available to your personal
computer for connecting to disk
services.

Drives D through I are available.

Status

Availability of the service.

All the services are available.

Dev

Name of the device assigned to the
service.

Drive F is assigned to the WPS_PLUS
disk service, LPTI is assigned to the
LN03 printer service.

Type

Type of service assigned to the
device. Knowing the service type
assists you in locating the service on
another server.

DISK is a disk service, FILE is a file
service, and PRINT is a printer service.

Connection
name

Server, service name, and user
name for the service.

\ \ SERVR3\ TOOLS
\\SERVR3\WPS_PLUS
\ \SERVR3\PCCOMMON
\\SERVR3\USER7%USER7
\ \SERVR3\LN03

Access

Level of system access allowed
to a disk service: read only or
read/write.

RO means Read Only.

Size

Size of the disk.

Device E has a 28 megabyte disk.

Changing to the Drive Assigned to the Service
To access a service connected to your personal computer, change to
the drive assigned to the service.
For example, to access PCCOMMON, enter:
M:\> N:

The prompt for the new drive is displayed.
N:\>

Using File and Disk Services 2-3

Displaying Application Directories
At the DOS prompt, enter the directory command to display a list
of directories:
N:\> DIR

A screen similar to the following is displayed:
Volume in drive N is SERVR3
Directory of N:\
<DIR>
CHART
<DIR>
GT
HIPAGE
<DIR>
PCPAGE
<DIR>
SPRSHEET <DIR>
5 Files

5-04-90 11:35a
5-04-90 11:35a
5-04-90 11:35a
5-04-90 11:35a
5-04-90 11:35a

49250304 bytes free

Selecting an Application Directory
To select the directory containing the application you want, for
example SPRSHEET, enter the CD command:
N:\> CD SPRSHEET

The prompt automatically changes to:
N:\SPRSHEET>

Now you can use the application. For example, to start the
SPRSHEET application, enter:
N:\SPRSHEET> SPRSHEET

2-4 Using File and Disk Services

Using Network Services on Another Server
You can use network services that are not directly offered by your
server or connected to your personal computer.
For example, if you are a licensed user, and you learn from a
colleague that the application Lotus 123 is available on another
server, you can connect to it with the USE command by:
1.

Determining whether the service is a file or a disk service

Entering the appropriate command to connect to the file
service
or
Entering the appropriate command to connect to the disk
service

Determining Whether a Service Is a Disk or File Service
The method for connecting to disk services differs from the one
you use to connect to file services. Therefore, begin by entering
the USE followed by the service name to determine whether the
service you want is offered as a disk or as a file service.
For example, enter the following USE command for 123:
M: \> USE 123

•

If 123 is offered as a disk service, a screen similar to the
following is displayed:

Service information for 123
Server Name Rating Pass Access
SERVRI
SERVR2
SERVR4

1
1
1

No
No
Yes

RO
RO
RO

Limit
30
30
No Limit

Users Network Address
2 AA-00-05-11-8D-24
o AA-00-05-11-4F-25
11 AA-00-05-11-3G-24

Node
9.99
9.550
9.98

The previous screen indicates that 123 is offered as a disk
service on three different servers, SERVR1, SERVR2, and
SERVR4. You can connect to it as a read-only disk service on
any of these servers.

Using File and Disk Services 2-5

•

If the service is unavailable as a disk service, a message
similar to the following is displayed:
Service information for 123
Error:

Service 123 not offered

Since you know the service 123 exists as a service on the
network, and it is not a disk service, then it must be available
as a file service. See Connecting to a File Service on Another
Server for how to find and connect to a file service.

Connecting to a Disk Service on Another Server
When you connect to a disk service you can either let the network
connect you to the application or connect to a specific server
offering the application you want.
To let the network connect you to an application offered as a disk
service on another server:
1. Enter the USE command with the drive letter or wild card
character (?:), the name of the service you want, and the
qualifier N (for virtual disk). For example:
M:\> USE ?: 123 Iv

Entering the question mark (?) in place of a specific drive
letter assigns the disk service to the first available drive on
your personal computer. If you want to use a specific drive,
enter the letter for the drive in place of the question mark.
A message indicating the drive connected to 123 is displayed:
Device G: connected to \\SERVR1\123

Change to the drive specified in the message; in this example
it is device G:
M:\> G:

3. Now you can use the application. For example, to start 123,
enter:
G: \> 123

2-6 Using File and Disk Services

To use a specific server for a disk service:
1. Enter the USE command and the application name; for
example:
M: \> USE 123

A screen listing of an the servers offering the application is
displayed:
Service information for 123
Server Name Rating Pass Access Limit Users

Network Address

Node

SERVR1
SERVR2
SERVR4

AA-00-05-11-8D-24
AA-OO-05-11-4F-25
AA-OO-05-11-3G-24

9.99
9.550
9.98

1 Yes
1 No
1
No

RO
RO
RO

30
30
30

Suppose you decide to use SERVR4.
2.

Enter the USE command with the N qualifier (for virtual
disk). The N qualifier indicates you want to connect to a disk
service on the server as opposed to a file service. For example,
enter:
M:\> USE ?:\\SERVR4\123 Iv

The following message is displayed:
Device H: connected to \\SERVR4\123

Change to the drive assigned to the application, in this
example, drive H:
M:\> H:

Use the change directory command, CD, to change to the
application's directory.
H:\> CD 123

Now you can use the application by entering the 123
command:
H: \123> 123

Using File and Disk Services 2-7

Connection Errors
If a device becomes unavailable, the following message is
displayed:
Not ready error reading drive G
Abort, Retry, Fail?

To connect to another device:
1.

Enter F for fail at the prompt to disconnect from the current
drive.
The following message is displayed:
Current drive is no longer valid

2. Select another drive. For example, go back to drive M:
G:\> M:

3. Try again, using either means of connection.
If you have been using a service and lose the connection, you can
often reconnect.
1.

Select another drive. For example, go back to drive M:
G:\> M:

Reconnect to a
service.

2. To reconnect, use the qualifier /R, for replace, enter:
M: \> USE G: /R

Connecting to a File Service on Another Server
If a service is offered as a file service, to connect to it you must
know the name of the server providing the service. For example,
to determine if SERVR1 offers 123:
1.

Determine if the application you want is offered as a file
service on a particular server by entering:
D:\> USE \\SERVRl

2-8 Using File and Disk Services

Note

If you receive the following message, you may need to
include a user name and password to display services:
Error: Session open rejected by host

Some servers' security is designed to allow only users who
have accounts on the server to display services. To display
a list of services for such a server, enter:
D:\> USE \\SERVR1%USER1 *

The asterisk (*) tells the system to prompt you for your
password so that as you type your password, it is not
displayed.

A listing similar to the following example is displayed:
Services available on SERVR1
User Name

Alias name

Service name

Access RMS protection

--------- ---------- ------------

--------------------

USER1
COMMON

NEWFILES
PCCOMMON

RWC
RWC

S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:
S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:

123

RWC

S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:

SYSTEM
<PUBLIC>

PCSAV41
LN03

R
RWC

S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:
S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:

SOUSA

DOCCOMMON

DOC COMMON

RWC

S:RWED,O:RWED,G:R,W:

Using File and Disk Services 2-9

Table 2-2 describes the information you need to know about
the display.
Table 2-2 File Service Display Parameters
Parameters

Description

User name

User authorized to access the service. The user
PUBLIC means all users have access to the
service.

Alias name

Alternate name for the service name. For example,
the alias COMMON is another name for the
service PC COMMON .

Service name

Name for the service.

Access

Access rights for the corresponding user:

RMS protection

Read-only access

Read/write access

RWC

Read/write/create access

Protection that limits user's access to the files in
the service:
S:RWED

Read/write/execute/delete access
for the system administrator

O:RWED

Read/write/execute/delete access
for the file's owner

G:R

Read only access for anyone in the
system's user group

No access for anyone outside the
system's user group

2. Now that you know SERVR1 offers 123, connect to it with the
USE command:
M:\> USE Z: \\SERVR1\123

3. Select the drive assigned to the service, in this case, device Z:
M: \> Z:
4.

Enter the CD command to change to the 123 directory:
Z: \> CD 123

N ow you can use the application. For example, to start 123
enter:
Z: \123> 123

2-10 Using File and Disk Services

Disconnecting from a Service
Before logging out, disconnect from a service when you are using
a shared application where the maximum number of connections
is limited.
Before you disconnect, be sure that all programs are completed
and all files are closed.
To disconnect from a service, you disconnect the drive assigned to
that service. You cannot disconnect the drive you are currently
using. For example:
1. To disconnect from the service assigned to drive I, enter:
M: \> USE I: /D

2. To verify the disconnection, enter USE at the DOS prompt to
display your current service connections.
The disconnected drive is not included in the display.

Getting Help for Network Services
The commands presented in this chapter are a few of the many
network commands available to you. To find out about other
commands and variations on the commands presented in this
book, use the Help facility.
The Help facility provides the following information:
•

A brief overview of the network commands

•

A general command format

•

Command qualifier descriptions

•

A list of topics for which you can get more specific information

You can get help for network commands and the USE utility.
•

To get help for network services commands, enter:
M: \> HELP

•

To get help for the USE utility, enter:
M: \> HELP USE

Using File and Disk Services 2-11

Connecting to File and Disk Services from Microsoft
Windows
You can access PATHWORKS file and disk services from Microsoft
Windows with the File Manager.
Note ____________________

Before using Microsoft Windows, make sure you run the
WIN3SETU utility. WIN3SETU lets you use Microsoft
Windows with PATHWORKS.

To connect to file and disk services from Microsoft Windows:
1.

Enter the following command to start windows:
C:\> WIN

From the Window menu in the Program Manager, double-click
on the Main icon.

In the Main menu, double-click on the File Manager icon.

From the File Manager menu, choose Disk.

From the Disk menu, choose Connect Net Drive. The
Connect Network Drive dialog box is displayed.

6. Assign a drive letter to the service, or press ~ to accept the
default and move to the Network Path field.
When you connect to services from Microsoft windows, you
must know whether the service you want is a file or disk
service.
•

For a disk service, enter an available letter that is
alphabetically before the drive letter assigned to the
system service.
For example, if your system service is connected to drive
J, use any letter from A through I to connect to the disk
service.

•

For a file service, enter an available letter that is
alphabetically after the drive letter assigned to the system
service.

2-12 Using File and Disk Services

For example, if your system service is connected to drive
J, use any letter from K through Z to connect to the file
service.
7.

In the Network Path field, use the same conventions you use
with the USE command.
Be sure to precede the server name with two backslash
characters and precede the service name with one backslash
character. If your system requires it, follow the service name
with a percent sign and a user name.

If required, press ITabl to move to the Password field and enter
a password.

Figure 2-1 shows a completed Connect Network Drive dialog
box.

Figure 2-1 Connecting to a File Service from Microsoft Windows

Hetwork Path: I\\SERVR4\USERl %USERl
Pass.w.ord:

Innnn

eEl MAILSEDT
~NOTES

C!D.PCMS
~aEMM
~REMEMBER

For further information about using the File Manager, refer to
your Microsoft Windows documentation.
Using File and Disk Services 2-13

3
Printing
PATHWORKS for DOS printer services provide access to printers
on the network. This chapter describes:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Network printer services
Parallel and serial printers
Remote printing
Local printing
U sing the PrintScreen utility
Printing from ap~lications
Connecting to printer services from Microsoft Windows

For information about connecting to printer services from the
LAN Manager screen, see Chapter 4.

Network Printer Services
With network printer services you can print files on a remote
printer or print on your local printer. A remote printer is
connected to any network server or personal computer to which
you can connect. A local printer is connected to your personal
computer.

Printing 3-1

Parallel and Serial Printers
A printer is either parallel or serial. Parallel means that a
group of data bits is transferred at the same time, each bit on a
different line. The group of bits is transferred at one time.

Serial means each bit in a stream of data is transferred one bit at
a time.
Serial and parallel ports are the hardware connections for printers
on your personal computer. The connection to a serial printer
from your personal computer is the serial port; the connection to a
parallel printer is the parallel port.

Remote Printing
You can print on remote printers that are automatically connected
to your personal computer when you log in to the network, or
you can establish connections to other printers attached to other
servers.
To print on remote printers:
1.

Display printer services that are:
•

Connected to your personal computer

•

Available on a server

Connect to a printer service.

3. Use the COpy or NET PRINT command to print a file.
4.

Disconnect from the printer service.

The COpy command works on remote printers the same way it
does on local printers. The NET PRINT command, supplied with
your PATHWORKS software, lets you use additional features for
remote printing.
Note

The PRINT command for DOS, PRINT filename, is not
supported over the network.

The following example describes these steps and also other remote
printing features.

3-2 Printing

Displaying Your Remote Printer Connections
Before you can print on a remote printer, you must determine
which printer services your personal computer can use.
Enter the USE command to display the printers, and other
available services, to which your personal computer is connected:
M: \> USE

A screen similar to the following is displayed:
USE version V4.1

Digital Network Connection Manager

Status

Connection name

DEV

Type

E:
DISK \\SERVR3\TOOLS
F:
DISK \\SERVR4\SPREAD SHEET
K:
FILE \\SERVR4\PCCOMMON
M:
FILE \\SERVR4\USER5%USER5
LPTl PRINT \\SERVR1\LN03 DPORT
LPT2 PRINT \\SERVR3\LN03-DLAND
LPT3 PRINT \\SERVR4\LPS$ASCII

[Virtual drives D:-I:]

Access

Size

RO
RO

28 MB
20 MB

This sample display shows three available printers identified
as "PRINT" under the heading "Type". The logical device name
assigned to each service is shown in the "DEV" column. The
printing format is identified in the "Connection Name" column.
The printers in this example are:
•

LPT1, a laser printer using portrait mode
Portrait mode prints tall, like a standard business letter.

•

LPT2, a laser printer using landscape mode
Landscape mode prints wide, across the long axis of the page.

•

LPT3, an ASCII format printer

Printing 3-3

Using Print Commands
Use the COpy or the NET PRINT command to print a file on any
one of the three available printers. For example, to print the file
MYTEXT.DAT on the printer service assigned to LPT2, enter:
M:\> COpy MYTEXT.DAT LPT2:

Locating Other Remote Printers on the System
Suppose you want to use a remote printer to which your personal
computer is not connected. For example, you want to use special
features on a printer located on another server, SERVR4.
To use printer service on another server:
1.

Display the available services on the server. For example, to
display the services on SERVR4, enter:
M: \> USE \ \SERVR4

The screen displays information similar to the following:
USE version 4.1

Digital Network Connection Manager

Services available on SERVR4
File Server Authorized Services:
User name

Alias name

Service name

Access

RMS protection

RWC
RWC
RWC
RWC

S:RWED,O:RWED,G:,W:
S:RWED,O:RWED,G:,W:
S:RWED,O:RWED,G:,W:
S:RWED,O:RWED,G:,W:

------------ ------------ -----------<PUBLIC>
<PUBLIC>
<PUBLIC>
<PUBLIC>

LN03
LPS$ASCII
LN03 DPORT
LN03-LAND

Printers generally have public access, indicated by the
<PUBLIC> in the User name column. In this display, the
printer services are:

3-4 Printing

•

LN03

•

LPS$ASCII

•

LN03_DPORT - portrait mode

•

LN03_LAND - landscape mode

From the display, identify the printer service you want to use,
for example, the printer service LPS$ASCII.

Connect to the desired printer with the USE command. When
you connect to a printer service, you assign a logical device
name to that printer service. For example:
M:\> USE LPTl: \\SERVR4\LN03

____________________ Note

Some applications only print to LPTl. If you frequently
print while using these applications, it is advisable to
assign either LPT2 or LPT3 for remote printing to save
LPTl for applications that require it.

Identifying
yourself with your
user name and
password makes
it possible to
control print jobs.

•

If you have an account on the SERVR4 server, enter the
USE command with your user name. When you enter your
user name and password, it identifies your print requests,
and makes it easier to list, delete, or locate print jobs.
Another benefit of entering your user name and password
is that your user name is printed on the front page of the
print job.
By not including your user name and password in the
USE command, you cannot delete or list remote print jobs
by a specific user name.
For example, if you are user USER5 and want to connect
to the printer service LPS$ASCII, enter:
M:\> USE LPT2: \\SERVR4\LPS$ASCII%USER5 *

•

If you do not have an account on the server or are not
registered as a user on the server, you can connect to the
printer with public access. The USE command connects
the logical device and printer service. For example, to
connect LPT2 to the LPS$ASCII printer service on the
server SERVR4,enter:
M:\> USE LPT2: \\SERVR4\LPS$ASCII

Printing 3-5

Enter the NET PRINT command to print a file. For example,
to print the file MYTEXT.DAT on the printer service for LPT2,
enter:
M:\> NET PRINT MYTEXT.DAT LPT2:

Your file MYTEXT.DAT is printed on the printer service
assigned to LPT2.

Disconnecting from a Remote Printer
Disconnect from
the device when
you are finished

printing to it.

To disconnect from a remote printer and make the logical device
available for another use, enter the USE command with the ID
(for disconnect) qualifier. For example, to disconnect from LPT2,
enter:
M:\> USE LPT2: /D

The following section describes how to use other options available
to you with the NET PRINT command ..

Other Remote Printing Features
The NET PRINT command gives you flexibility in printing by
providing other printing features that:

• Print a file after a defined time

•

Print multiple copies of a file

• Print a file with an alternate form

•
•
•
•
•

Print directly to a server printer queue
Remove print settings
Display print job information
Delete the print job you started
Get help on certain printing functions

This section shows examples of how to use the NET PRINT
command for each case.
____________________ Note ____________________

If you are running the Full LANMAN 2.0 support
redirector, and you want to use the PATHWORKS PRINT
command (instead of the LAN Manager PRINT command),
enter the NETD PRINT command.

3-6 Printing

Each example assumes that you have already connected to a
printer with the logical device LPT3.
Printing After a Defined Time

Use the NET PRINT command to hold a print job to print after a
certain time. To print the file MYFILE.TXT on LPT3 on August
14, 1991, after 5:00 PM, enter:
M:\>NET PRINT MYTEXT.TXT LPT3:/AFTER:14-AUG-1991:17:00
Note _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Computers use 24-hour time. The hours after noon are
12:01 through 23:59. Keep this in mind when requesting a
print job in the afternoon.

Printing Multiple Copies of a File

Use the NET PRINT command to print the file with the ICOPIES:
qualifier. To print two copies of MYFILE.PS on LPT3:
M:\> NET PRINT MYFI1E.PS 1PT3: /COPIES:2
Use the
ICOPIES:
qualifier to print
multiple copies.

The printer assigned to LPT3 prints two copies as long as your
personal computer is connected to LPT3, or until you remove the
ICOPIES:2 qualifier.

Printing with an Alternate Printer Form

Sometimes you want to use an ULTRIX or VMS printer form that
is unavailable as a printer service. A printer form defines the
physical layout of a page, including the page width. For example,
you might want to print a file in landscape mode when all the
printer services are set up for portrait mode.
ULTRIX and
VMS printer
forms are portrait
and landscape.

If your server has a printer form already defined for landscape,
such as LANDSCAPE, you can use that form with the NET
PRINT command.
For example, to specify the form LANDSCAPE for LPT3, enter the
NET PRINT command to print the file MYFILE.PS:
M:\> NET PRINT MYFILE.PS LPT3:/FORM:LANDSCAPE

Printing 3-7

Printing Directly to a Server Printer Queue

If you know of an ULTRIX or VMS printer queue that is not set
up as a PATHWORKS printer service (for example, one located
near your office), you can use the NET PRINT command to print
to it.
Use NET PRINT
to send print
jobs to a server
printer queue that
is not set up as
a PATHWORKS
printer service.

To do so:
1.

Obtain the name of the server and the server's printer queue.

Connect to the server with the USE command.

3. Use the NET PRINT command.
For example to print the file MYFILE.PS on the VMS printer
queue LPS$POSTSCRIPT, on SERVRl, enter the following
commands:
M:\> USE LPT3: \\SERVRl\1PS$POSTSCRIPT
M: \> NET PRINT MYFI1E. PS 1PT3:

Removing Print Settings

A print setting is a condition you set with one of the print
command qualifiers, such as /COPIES:2 or /FORM:LANDSCAPE.
Once you use one of these qualifiers, it remains the default until
you change or remove it.
Use the /SET
qualifier to
remove printer
settings.

For example, to remove the settings assigned to LPT3, use the
NET PRINT /SET command:
M:\> NET PRINT 1PT3: /SET

This cancels any settings you previously entered. For example,
the number of print copies returns to the default of one copy, and
the time defaults to the current time.
Displaying Print Job Information

You can display information on print jobs sent to a specific device.
For example, if you want to know how many copies you had set
for a file, you enter the NET PRINT /SHOW command.
Use the /SHOW
qualifier to
display print job
information.

To display information for print jobs sent to another device, such
as LPTl, enter:
M: \> NET PRINT 1PTl: / SHOW

Information similar to the following is displayed:
1PTl: \\SERVR4\1N03_DPORT%USER5 /COPIES:2

3-8 Printing

Deleting a Print Job

Suppose you sent the wrong file to be printed. You can delete a job
associated with a logical device with the NET PRINT !DELETE
command. The following example shows how to delete a print job
request.
Note

If you connect to a printer without a user name, then you
cannot delete any print jobs started with that connection.

1. Connect to the printer service with your user name by
entering:
M:> USE LPT3:\\SERVR3\LPS$POSTSCRIPT%USERS
Use the

IDELETE
qualifier to
delete a print job
request.

Use the NET PRINT command to print a file DOC1.PS on
LPT3 by entering:
M: > NET PRINT DOClo PS LPT3:

3. Use the NET PRINT command for LPT3. This command
displays the print jobs assigned to LPT3. You can determine
the job number of the print job you want to delete:
M: > NET PRINT LPT3:
Information similar to the following is displayed:
User

Job Name

Job# Size

Pos Status

Queue
USER5
USERS

LPS$POSTSCRIPT
EXAMPLE2.PS
DOC1.PS

923
924

1
5

512
52

4. To delete print job number 924, enter:
M:\> NET PRINT LPT3: 924 /DELETE

Only job number 924 for user USER8 is deleted.

Printing 3-9

Getting Help

For further information on the NET PRINT command, enter:
M: \> NET HELP PRINT

The NET PRINT Help function includes:
•

NET PRINT command format

•

NET PRINT command qualifiers

•

Brief descriptions of commands and qualifiers

Printing on Local Printers
This section describes how to do the following local printing tasks:
•

Print on a parallel printer

•

Share your local printer with other users

•

Print on a serial printer

Printing on Local Parallel Printers
Your personal computer uses the logical name LPTI by default to
identify the local printer port.
LPT1, LPT2,
LPT3, and
LPT4 are logical
device names for
parallel printers.

If you are using a parallel port printer, the logical devices are
assigned automatically. You do not need to redirect your print
requests if your printer connects to logical devices LPI'l, LPT2,
LPT3, and LPT4.

To print on a local printer, use the DOS COPY command or the
print command for the application you are using.
The COpy command prints the file immediately. You cannot use
other commands until the COpy command finishes.
For example, to print the file MYTEXT.DAT on a printer assigned
to LPTl, enter:
M: \> COPY MYTEXT. DAT LPT1:

3-10 Printing

Sharing Your Local Printer
You can share a printer connected to your personal computer with
other network users. When you share your printer, you:
•

Let other users access your printer regardless of their personal
computer's operating system

•

Offer it as a Local Area Transport (LAT) service that provides
network services to users in a local area network

•

Cannot access the shared printer locally. You must give up
local access and connect to it remotely, just like any other user
in the group.

•

Must queue your print job to that printer queue, since other
users can use it
Note ____________________

PATHWORKS for DOS V4.1 supports sharing local
printers on VMS and ULTRIX servers through the
DECnet transport system over Ethernet only. Sharing
local printers is not supported over TCP/IP.

Ask your system administrator to set up your local printer as a
shared printer. Sharing your printer requires VMS or ULTRIX
system privileges. Your system administrator must:
•

Offer your printer as a LAT service using LATCP commands
on the client

•

Set up your printer as a VMS or ULTRIX printer queue

•

Give you the name of the printer service

Figure 3-1 shows a printer shared as a LAT service.

Printing 3-11

Figure 3-1

Sharing Your Local Printer
=

DECnet

~
~
=Q=>

V-

LAT

V-

Izsc:::::l\

=Q=>

I~c:::::l\

... use LPTI

a aDcI~1

Printer on LPT1
TA-0610·AC

Connecting to a Shared Printer

You can connect to any shared printer with the USE command.
For example:
c:\ USE 1PT3: \\SERVR2\MYPRINTER

You can connect to any shared printer regardless of the operating
system of the client or server.
Once you connect to the shared printer, use the COpy or NET
PRINT commands to print files.

Printing on Local Serial Printers
COM1, COM2,
and COM3 are
serial printer
ports.

For you to print on a local serial printer, your system
administrator must assign the logical devices LPrl, LPT2, or
LPT3 to the printer ports COMl, COM2, or COM3. These are the
physical devices for serial ports.
Refer to the DOS documentation for your personal computer, and
the documentation for applications you use to print on your local
printer.

3-12 Printing

Using the PrintScreen Utility
PATHWORKS for DOS provides the PrintScreen utility.
PrintScreen lets you:
•

Print whatever is displayed on your screen when you press

I ShiftiPrintScrn I. PrintScreen directs the output to a local

or remote printer. The output always goes to the printer
assigned to LPT 1.
•

Send print jobs to the printer queue, or close the print job
assigned to an application when you press I Ctrl/AltiPrintScrn I
while printing within an application.
Note ___________________

Before you can use the PrintScreen utility, PrintScreen
files must be copied to your local disk from a system
file service, and PrintScreen utility commands must be
entered in your STARTNET.BAT file. Ask your system
administrator to set this up for you. Or refer to the Client
Installation and Configuration Guide.

Printing a Screen Display
To print a screen display, follow these steps:
1.

Display the screen you want to print.
Note ___________________

You cannot use PrintScreen with PC DECwindows Motif.

Press I ShiftiPrintScrn I.
A ripple crosses the screen, and PrintS ere en sends the output
to the printer assigned to LPT1.

For information about additional PrintScreen features refer to the
Client Installation and Configuration Guide.

Printing

3-13

Printing from Applications
This section describes special considerations for printing
from applications. For more information, see the application
documen tation.
Using LPT1

Before you print from applications, check your printer connection.
Some applications always direct data to print to LPTl. When
using an application that always prints to LPTl, set LPTI up as
you would any printer.
Using Printing Commands
In general, use
the application's
PRINT command
to print from an
application.

Whenever possible, use the application PRINT command to send
application files to a printer. For applications that do not have
print commands, write the output you want to print to a file, then
use the COPY command for local printing, or the NET PRINT
command for remote printing.
Controlling Printed Output

The printer driver of your application can initialize and override
settings of the printer queue on the server.
For example, some applications restrict the printed output on an
LN03 to portrait mode even though the server's printer queue has
been set to landscape mode.
Be sure you understand how your particular application
controls printing. For further information, see the application
documen tation.
Closing Files

Some applications do not close the file when they send a file to the
printer. When this occurs, the server waits for the file to be closed
before printing the file. If a file fails to print, it may still be open.
Closing a file

To close the file from inside the application, press I Ctrl/AltJPrintScrn
Printing should begin.
If the file still does not print, exit from the application. Printing
should then begin.

3-14 Printing

Setting Time Closure for Network Printers

You can set the closure time for printers assigned to LPTl, LPT2,
and LPT3. Automatic closure means you set the amount of time
an application has to send the output to the printer before the file
is automatically closed. You set the closure for a printer with the
PSC command.
To use the timed closure function, you must know something about
the applications you use. If the time you set is too short, the print
output is unnecessarily cut short.
If you want to use the printer timed closure function, see your

system administrator. Or refer to the Client Installation and
Configuration Guide.
Echoing Input to the Printer

From the DOS prompt, you can also print to the local printer on
LPTI using line echo, which prints what is displayed on the
screen, character by character, as you type it. To use line echo,
press ICtrllP I.
Not all applications support line echo; if an application does not
support line echo, nothing prints after you press ICtri/P I as long as
you are using the application. When you exit the application, line
echo starts again. Press ICtri/P I again to stop line echo.

Connecting to Printer Services from Microsoft Windows
You can access PATHWORKS file and disk services from Microsoft
Windows.
Note ___________________

Before you can use printer services from Microsoft
Windows, you must:
•

Run WIN3SETU to set up your PATHWORKS
configuration to support Microsoft Windows.

•

Install a printer driver for the printer you want to use.
Ask your system administrator to install the printer
drivers you need. Or refer to the Microsoft Windows
Support Guide.

Printing 3-15

To connect to printer services from Microsoft Windows:
1.

Enter the following command to start Windows:

c: \>

WIN

From the Window menu in the Program Manager, double-click
on the Main icon.

In the Main menu, double-click on the Printer icon. The
Printers window is displayed as shown in Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2 Sample Printers Window

PostS cript Printer on LPT 1 :, Active

~tatus

11:::._ • ....., b'.tIT4.1 ••• : '

@ Active

o Inactive
PostS cript Printer on LPT 1 :

.List of Printers:
Toshiba PageLaser12 [PCLI HP LaserJet]
arityper VT -600 [PostS cript Printer]
ang LCS 15 [PostS cript Printer]
ang LCS 1 5 FontPlus [PostS cript Printer]
LD P8 PCL I HP LaserJ et

3-16 Printing

Double-click on INetwork I.
The Printers Network Connection box is displayed.

In the Port: field, enter a the printer device name. In
Windows, you can only use LPTl, LPT2, LPT3 for network
printers.

In the Path field, use the same conventions you use with the
USE command.
Be sure to precede the server name with two backslash
characters and precede the service name with one backslash
character. If your system requires it, follow the service name
with a percent sign and a user name.

7. If required, press ~ to move to the Password field and enter
a password.
8.

Double-click on IConnect ~
Your network connection appears in the Network Printer
Connection box as shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3 Completed Printers Network Connection Dialog Box

IlPT1:

I:!;!I

1\\SERVR1\lNO~

9. You can now print from your Windows applications or from the
Windows File Manager.
For further information about printing from Microsoft Windows,
refer to your Microsoft documentation.

Printing 3-17

4
Using File and Printer Services with the
LAN Manager Screen
The LAN Manager software supported by PATHWORKS provides
the LAN Manager Screen, a menu-driven interface that lets you
view network resources, locate services, and connect to services
without having to memorize commands.
To use network commands to connect to file and printer services,
refer to Chapter 2 and Chapter 3.
Note ____________________

The LAN Manager Screen is available only if you select
either the Enhanced or the Full LANMAN 2.0 support
Redirector during Netsetup. By default, N etsetup installs
the Basic Redirector. Consult your system administrator
to install a redirector that lets you use LAN Manager. Or
refer to your Client Installation and Configuration Guide.

LAN Manager software manages network tasks, and coordinates
communication between servers and clients, and between clients.
DOS clients can connect to any network server running the LAN
Manager software, such as a PATHWORKS for OS/2 server.
However, both client and server must be running the same
network transport, such as DECnet or TCPIIP.
Note _____________________

You cannot connect to a virtual disk or copy files from the
LAN Manager Screen.

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-1

This chapter describes:
•

LAN Manager naming conventions

•

Starting the LAN Manager Screen

•

U sing the LAN Manager Screen

•

Connecting to and using shared directories (file services)

•

Connecting to and using shared printers (printer services)

•

Exiting the LAN Manager Screen

•

Getting help

LAN Manager Naming Conventions
The LAN
Manager
Screen has
different naming
conventions
for network
components.

The LAN Manager Screen uses the following network naming
conventions:
•

Personal computers connected to the network are called
workstations.

•

A workstation or server on the local area network is identified
by its Computername.

•

File services are called shared directories. Users can read
or write to shared directories.

•

Printer services are called shared printers. Shared printers
let you view, connect to, and control printers connected to LAN
Manager servers.

•

Network services are called shared resources. They are
identified by sharenames.

•

Servers and workstations can be set up to belong to a domain.
A domain is a group of workstations and servers established to
simplify network administration and security. Mter you start
your personal computer, you log into a domain on the network,
usually the one that has the servers you use most often. You
can also use shared resources on servers in domains other
than the domain you are logged in to.

4-2 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

The Enhanced and Full LANMAN 2.0 Redirectors limit the length
of service names (sharenames) and passwords as follows:
LAN Manager
does not support
long service
names, user
names, or
passwords.

•

Service name (sharename): 8.3 characters or fewer

•

User name: 12 characters or fewer

•

Password: 8 characters or fewer

Therefore, if you are using the LAN Manager Screen to access
an account on an ULTRIX or VMS server, your user name and
password must be limited to a maximum of eight characters. The
Enhanced and Full LANMAN 2.0 Redirectors do not support user
names and passwords in VMS and ULTRIX format.

Using NET Commands
In addition to using the LAN Manager Screen, you can also use
NET commands to manage your network connections.
•

To use a LAN Manager NET command, enter NET followed by
the command.
For more information about using LAN Manager NET
commands, refer to the Microsoft LAN Manager User's
Guide for MS-DOS.

•

To use a PATHWORKS for DOS NET command, substitute
NETD for NET if you are running the Full LANMAN 2.0
Redirector.
For more information about using PATHWORKS for DOS NET
commands, refer to the Client Commands Reference.

Starting the LAN Manager Screen
To display the LAN Manager Screen, enter the following command
at the system prompt:
NET

Note _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

If you have a monochrome display, you may need to enter
the following command:
NET/MONO

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-3

The LAN Manager Screen, as shown in Figure 4-1, is displayed.
Figure 4-1 Initial LAN Manager Screen
View

Message

Config

Accounts

Help

Set current focus on [
Server naMe

ReMark
I

You have user privileges at \\USER1.
< OK

}

'X
I

Press IReturn I to acknowledge your network connection. LAN
Manager displays the available resources as shown in Figure 4-2.
Only servers running LAN Manager software are included in the
display.

4-4 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

Using the LAN Manager Screen
The LAN Manager Screen gives you access to resources on the
network through a menu interface.
Figure 4-2 shows the LAN Manager Screen elements.

Figure 4-2 The LAN Manager Screen Elements
Menu Bar ______
Current Focus ______

~ Message
Config
Current focus : "USER1

Workstation
Information

Accounts

Help
Your usernane . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain

USER1
"USER1
OS2GROUP

Set current focus on ["USER1

Available {
Resources

Server nane

Renark

.. Local ..
LAMBDA
LMTEST
OS2SER
USER2
USERS

(Vour local workstation "USER1)
All transports
PATHUORKS for OS/2 test
PATHUORKS for OS/2
Terry's decstation
LindaB's 386 COMpaq

Scroll Bar

Status Une ----110 Press the ALT key to select a Menu

Microsoft LAH Manager

Table 4-1 describes the LAN Manager Screen elements.

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-5

Table 4-1

LAN Manager Screen Elements

Element

Description

Menu bar

Displays the names of the menus from which
you choose commands

Current focus

Shows the computername of your workstation
or the server that is the focus of activity in
menu commands

Workstation
information

Indicates the:

Available resources

Lists the servers in your area

Scroll bar

Lets you scroll through the servers in the
available resources list box

Message line

Provides a brief description about the current
menu, command, or task

Username specified when you connected to
the network
Computername specified when the
workstation was started
Domain specified when you connected to
the network

Selecting a Menu

To use the LAN Manager Screen, select a menu, which displays
a list of menu items. When you choose an item, a dialog box is
displayed. You enter information in the dialog box to perform a
task.
There are two
ways to select a

menu.

You select a menu by one of the following methods:
•

Use the mouse:
1. Move the pointer to the menu you want.

2. Click the mouse button to display the menu items.
3. Click the mouse button again when you finish using the
menu.

4-6

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

•

Use the keyboard:
1.

Press ~ to move the cursor to the View menu.

2. Select a menu by typing the highlighted letter or by using
the direction keys to move to the menu you want.
3. Press 1Return I.
When you choose a menu, a brief description of the menu is
displayed at the bottom of the screen. Figure 4-3 shows the LAN
Manager View menu.
Figure 4-3 LAN Manager View Menu
View

Message

Config

Available resources ...
Printer queues ...
COMn-device queues ...

Accounts

Help
Your usernaMe . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain . . .

USER1
"USER1
OS2GROUP

Used resources ...
Users on a server .. .
Users on a dOMain .. .
f--------------lloca I workstat ion "USERD
Exit
F3 ORKS for OS/2 Test
'--------------'ORKS for OS/2
USER2
Terry's DECstation
USERS
LindaB's 386 COMpaq

View resources available on the server of current focus

Microsoft LAH Manager

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-7

Selecting from a Menu
To choose a menu item, use the mouse or direction keys to
highlight the item you want, then press IReturn I. LAN Manager
displays the corresponding dialog box for the menu item.
Use the mouse or the direction keys to select the dialog box fields.
For example, in Figure 4-3, when you choose the Used resources
item from the View menu, the Used Resources dialog box is
displayed. The dialog box lets you perform additional tasks.
When you finish using the dialog box, select the IDonel command
button. The display returns to the Servers Available on Network
dialog box.

Connecting to and USing Shared Directories
U sing shared directories (services) involves:
•

Selecting servers and resources

•

Connecting to a shared directory

•

Changing to a shared directory

•

U sing a shared directory

•

Disconnecting from a shared directory

Selecting Servers and Resources
When the Servers Available on Network dialog box is first
displayed, the cursor is displayed in the Set Current Focus text
box. The current focus defaults to your workstation. You set the
current focus by either typing the name of a server or selecting
one from the list box.
The Set Current
Focus command
displays
a server's
resources.

To select from the list box:
1.

Highlight the server you want.

2. Press IReturn I.
3.

Display the resources available at the server by selecting the
View menu.

4. Choose Available resources from the menu. The Resources
Available at (Server) dialog box is displayed. This contains a
list box showing the resources available for your use on the
server.

4-8 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

Figure 4-4 shows an example of the Resources Available at
(Server) dialog box.
Figure 4-4 Resources Available at (Server) Dialog Box
Help

View Message Config Accounts
Current focus : "OS2SER

Your usernane . .
Your conputernane
Your donain . .
, - - - - - - - - Resources Ava i lab Ie at ',OS2SER
PATHWORKS for OS/2 SERVER
Sharenane

Type

Used as

CROOT
LHB3
OS2DOS
OS2CORE
PUBLIC
USER4

Disk
Printer
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk

USER1
"USERl
OS2GROUP
-

ReMark
AdMins only!
LHe3 Plus on OS2SER
DOS Applications
OS/2 UncoMnon Apps
Public DOMain
Matthew's Stuff

< Use resource > < 200M > < Stop using >
< View queue contents > < View perMissions >

< Done >

View resources available on the server of current focus

Microsoft LAH Manager

The Resources Available at (Server) dialog box display uses the
following service naming conventions in the "Type" column:
Service

Type

File

Disk

Printer

Communication

Comm

5. To view further information about a resource, select the
Izooml command button. When you click on IZooml, or press
1Return I, detailed information about the highlighted resource is
displayed.

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-9

Connecting to a Shared Directory
To connect to a shared directory, for example, the PUBLIC file
service on server OS2SER, follow these steps:
Connect to a
shared directory
to use a network
application.

Set current focus on OS2SER.

From the View menu, choose Available resources.
The Resources Available at (Server) dialog box is displayed.

Set current focus to your local workstation, for example,
USER1.

From the view menu, select Used resources.

Select Add use.
The Use a Network Resource dialog box is displayed, as shown
in Figure 4-5.

4-10 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

Figure 4-5 Use a Network Resource Dialog Box
View
Message
Config
Current focus : '\OS2SER

Accounts

Help
Your usernaMe . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain . . .

USER1
"USER1
OS2GROUP

Resources In Use by USER1 at \,OS2SER
[

]

Show device less uses

[

]

Pause using printers and COMM devices

Device

Making use of

Use a Network Resource
Type of Use
( ) 3 COMM
(-) 1 Disk
( ) 2 Printer
( ) 4 Deviceless use

ReMark

+
... ,

....

'J:
'---

< Add
< Vie

[J: ... ]
Local device
Network resource [ .................................. ]
[ ................. ]
Password

-----1

ne >
< OK

View resources used by your workstation

> <Cancel>
Microsoft LAH Manager

6. Select Disk, the default. Press ~ to move to the Local Device
field.
7.

Enter a device name, or accept the default device name
displayed.
The Local device field automatically shows the drive letter
of your workstation that LAN Manager has assigned to the
PUBLIC file service. LAN Manager uses the first available
drive letter as the default. If you had already connected drive
I to a shared directory, then the default would be J.

Press ITab\ to move to the Network resource field.

Enter the network path using the format
\ \ server \ sharename. For example, to select the shared
directory PUBLIC on server OS2SER, enter:
\\OS2SER\PUBLIC

10. If needed, enter a password.
Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-11

11. Select OK.
You have now connected your workstation to the shared
directory.
The Resources in Use dialog box now shows an additional service,
as shown in Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-6 Resources Connected to Your Workstation
View
Message
Config
Current focus : \\USERl

Accounts

Help
Your usernaMe . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain . . .

USERl
\\USERl
OS2GROUP

Resources In Use by USERl at \ \ USERl
[

] Show deviceless uses

[

]

Pause uSlng printers and CoMM devices

Device

Making use of

ReMark

\\OS2SER\DOS
\\OS2SER\PUELIC
\\OS2SER\LNB3

DOS appl ications ....
Publ ic dOMain
LNB3 laser printer ...

J:
LPTl

t
....

J.
J

< Add use > < 200M > < Stop using >
< View queue contents > < View perMissions >

View resources used by your workstation

< Done >

Microsoft LAN Manager

Switching to the Shared Directory
After you connect one of your workstation's drives to a shared
directory, use the shared directory with DOS commands.
To use a shared directory, follow these steps:
1. If you have not already done so, select IDone \.
2.

Press ~ to exit the LAN Manager Screen and return to the
DOS prompt.

4-12 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

3. At the DOS prompt, enter the letter of the drive you connected
to the shared directory, followed by a colon ( : ).
For example, if your personal computer's J drive is currently
connected to the shared directory PUBLIC, enter:
J:

You can now use DOS commands to use the applications in the
PUBLIC directory.
Disconnecting from a Shared Directory

To return to the LAN Manager Screen and disconnect from a
shared directory, follow these steps:
1. At the DOS prompt enter:
NET

From the View menu, choose Used Resources. The
Resources in Use dialog box is displayed.

Select the service you want to disconnect, for example,
\ \ OS2SER\ PUBLIC.

Select Stop Using.

Select OK.
LAN Manager displays the following prompt:
Do you wish to stop using \\OS2SER\PUBLIC?

Select OK.
LAN Manager removes the service from the list box,
and disconnects your workstation from the service.
\ \ OS2SER\ PUBLIC is no longer displayed in the Resources
in Use dialog box.

Select Done.

Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-13

Connecting to and Using Printer Services
The LAN Manager Screen lets you use shared printers (remote
printer services). This section explains how to:
•

Display a server's printer queues

•

Connect to a printer queue

•

Print on the network

•

Disconnect from a printer queue

Displaying a Server's Printer Queues
To display the printer queues for server OS2SER:
1.

Set the current focus on OS2SER by highlighting it in the list
box and pressing 1Return I.

From the View menu, choose Printer queues.
The Print Queues on (Server) dialog box is displayed, as
shown in Figure 4-7.

Select Done.

4-14 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

Figure 4-7 Print Queue Dialog Box
View Message Config
Current focus : \\OS2SER

Accounts

Help
Your usernaMe . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain .

USER1
\\USER1
OS2GROUP

P'
rlnt 0ueues on \ \OS2SER
Job it
Status
Size

HaMe
LH83
LH83YRO
LPS20$PS
USER2
USER13

QUEUE (
QUEUE (
QUEUE (

8 Jobs)
B Jobs)
2 Jobs)
6
7

1824
4136

* Queue Active *
* Queue Active *
* Queue Active *
Printing
Waiting

'1
I

<Hold>

<ZOOM>

<Purge>

<Done>
l

Uiew spooled printer queues

Microsoft LAH Manager

Connecting to a Printer Queue
To connect to a printer queue, for example LN03 on OS2SER,
follow these steps:
1. Set current focus to your local workstation USER1.
2.

From the View menu, choose Used resources.
The Resources in Use dialog box is displayed.

Select Add use.
The Use a Network Resource dialog box is displayed.

Select Printer in the Type of Use dialog box.
Press ITab I to move to the next field.

Enter a device name, or accept the default device name
displayed.
Press ITab I to move to the next field.
Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-15

Enter the network path for the printer service:
\\OS2SER\LN03

Enter a password, if necessary. In most cases, printer services
are public services, and require no password.
7.

Select OK.

Press IReturn I. You have now connected your workstation to the
printer queue.
The Resources in Use dialog box now shows the printer
service.

Printing on the Network
Once you make your connection, exit the LAN Manager Screen by
pressing ~ and return to the DOS prompt. Use the printer queue
as if it were a printer attached to your computer. To print a file,
use DOS commands to direct an application's print output to the
device name you assigned to the printer queue. For example:
J:\WP> NET PRINT MYDOC.TXT LPT1:

Disconnecting from a Printer Queue
When you finish using the printer queue, or when you want to
use the device for a different connection, disconnect your personal
computer from the printer queue.
To disconnect from the printer queue:
1.

From the View menu, choose Used resources. The Resources
in Use dialog box is displayed.

In the list box, choose the printer queue that you want to
disconnect.

Select Stop Using.

4. When prompted for confirmation, select OK.
5. Select Done.
For more information about printing with the LAN Manager
screen, refer to the Microsoft LAN Manager User's Guide for
MS-DOS.

4-16 Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen

Exiting the LAN Manager Screen
To exit the LAN Manager Screen and return to the system
prompt, press ~.

Getting Help
~ displays
information for
the current dialog
box.

You can get help at any time by pressing ETI or by clicking on the
Help menu. LAN Manager displays information related to the
menu or dialog box on your screen.
The Help menu also contains a table of contents that lets you
select the help information for a particular topic.
Figure 4-8 shows an example of a Help dialog box.

Figure 4-8 LAN Manager Help Dialog Box
View
Message Config
Current focus : ,'OS2SER

Help

Accounts

HELP -

Your usernaMe . .
Your cOMputernaMe
Your dOMain
Gettlng He I p

USER1
"USER1
OS2GROUP

Help:

To Get Help:
I Press Fl to see inforMation about the current
Menu, dialog box, or Message box.
I

Select the Help
Menu (ALT+H) and IView Message Config Status Accts
choose a cOMMand.

~
Helpl

....

r--l

< More info ... )
< Previous ) < Hext > < Back )

< Contents )

< Done >
I

View Help about using LAH Manager Help

Microsoft LAH Manager

For further information about LAN Manager and the LAN
Manager Screen, refer to the Microsoft LAN Manager User's
Guide for MS-DOS.
Using File and Printer Services with the LAN Manager Screen 4-17

5
Transferring Files
You can transfer application files you created to computers with
different operating systems running the same transport. For
example, you can share a file you created on your personal
computer with a user on an ULTRIX server.
PATHWORKS provides different file transfer methods. The
method you use depends on the:
•

File type

•

Destination of the file

•

Operating system where you created the file

•

Network transport

This chapter describes:
•

Different file types

•

File transfer:
To and from PATHWORKS servers
To other DECnet nodes using DECnet utilities
Over TCP/IP using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Transferring Files 5-1

Understanding Different File Types
When you transfer a file on the network, you need to know what
type of file you are transferring. Depending on the file type, you
may need to use a file type command qualifier to ensure that the
file reaches its destination in the appropriate format.
Files can be one of two types:

•

Binary
You cannot type or print a binary file. The most common
examples of this file type are executable files (.EXE),
spreadsheet files (.SLK), and graphic files (.SCR). This
type of file is also known as an image or data file.

•

ASCII
An ASCII file is a text file. Its lines end with a carriage
return/line feed ( CRlLF) character pair that tells the program
to move down one line. The file is usually created with a text
editor such as SEDT.

Special Characters in File Names

The DOS operating system and the VMS operating system have
different file systems and use different file-naming schemes.
With DOS, you can use any special character. Special
characters are any valid DOS characters other than the
regular characters A-Z, 0-9, $, and _. Table 5-1 lists the special
characters you can use in a file name and file extension.
Table 5-1

Special Character for File Names

a-z

With VMS you can only use the following characters:

5-2 Transferring Files

•

Uppercase A-Z

•

Digits 0-9

•

Special characters -, _, and $

Since DOS allows more valid characters than VMS, VMS converts
or "maps" an invalid character to a four character string. The
form is "__XX". "XX" is the ASCII value VMS assigns to invalid
character it does not recognize.
For example, if you copied your DOS file MY%FILE.DAT to your
VMS account, VMS would convert the percent sign in the file
name to its ASCII value:
MY__ 25FILE.DAT
If you plan on transferring files between your VMS and DOS
systems, only use the special characters recognized by both VMS
and DOS.

Transferring Files to and from PATHWORKS Servers
You can transfer the files on your personal computer's hard (or
local) disk to a server account, or copy a file from your account on
a server to your personal computer. For example, you can transfer
a file created on the WINGZ file service and copy it into your
directory on your personal computer's local disk.
Usually, you can use the COpy command to transfer DOS, OS/2,
VMS, and ULTRIX files to and from PATHWORKS servers.
However, when you transfer files between DOS and ULTRIX, you
must also use the ULTRIX conversion utilities.
Furthermore, because of file system differences, when transferring
a binary file to VMS or ULTRIX servers for use on those systems,
you may need to use NFT to ensure that that the file reaches
its destination in the appropriate format. If you use the COpy
command to transfer a file to a VMS or ULTRIX server, and if you
are have problems using the file, use the NFT COpy command
described later in this chapter in the Transferring Files to a
DECnet Node section.
For more information about transferring different file types to and
from a VMS server, see your system administrator. Or refer to the
Server Administrator's Guide.

Transferring Files 5-3

Transferring DOS and Server Files
Whether you transfer a DOS file or a file on a server to or from
your personal computer's local disk, the procedure is the same.
First, connect to the service, then use the COPY command to
transfer the file.
For example, you created the file MYFILE.SLK using the service
WINGZ on SERVR1. To transfer the file to your personal
computer's WINGZ directory on drive C:
1.

Connect to the service with the USE command:
c: \> USE Z: \ \SERVRl \WINGZ

Copy the file to your personal computer's directory.
C:\> COpy Z:\WINGZ\MYFILE.SLK C:\WINGZ

Converting Files for Transfer to or from an ULTRIX Server
Use ULTRIX
file conversion
utilities to share
files between
DOS clients and
ULTRIX servers.

When you create a text file on an ULTRIX server, you need to
convert it to a DOS format. Likewise, if you transfer a DOS text
file created on your personal computer, you need to convert it to
an ULTRIX format.
ULTRIX files indicate the end of a line with a line feed (LF)
character, whereas VMS, DOS, and OS/2 files indicate the end of
the line with the carriage return/line feed (CRJLF) characters.
If you do not convert ULTRIX files, the missing CR character
prevents the text from being displayed properly in a DOS text
editor.
ULTRIX servers provide the following file conversion utilities to
let DOS users share ASCII text files:

•

ult2dos converts ASCII text files from an ULTRIX format to a
DOS format

•

dos2ult converts ASCII text files from a DOS format to an
ULTRIX format
Note

You must use a terminal emulator to log in to a user
account on the ULTRIX server to use these file conversion
utilities.

5-4 Transferring Files

Because the ULTRIX and DOS operating systems maintain only
one version of a file in a directory, it is a good idea to make a copy
of a file. Give the copy a different name before converting the
original file.
For example, before converting the file MYFILE.TXT, enter the
following command at the ULTRIX prompt to create a copy called
MYULTFIL.DAT:
% cp myfile.dat myultfil.dat

Converting ULTRIX Format to DOS Format

To convert a file created with ULTRIX to use with a DOS
application, use the ULT2DOS utility to convert the file's format.
For example, if you created a file MYFILE.DAT on an ULTRIX
server, and you want to share the file with another DOS user,
enter the following command at the ULTRIX prompt:
% ult2dos myfile. dat

Converting DOS Format to ULTRIX Format

Use the dos2ult utility to convert files with a DOS format to an
ULTRIX format. For example, if you created the file MYFILE.TXT
with the SEDT editor and wanted to share the file with an
ULTRIX user who uses the VI editor, enter the following command
at the ULTRIX prompt:
% dos2ult myfile. txt

You can now use the file on your personal computer by:
1.

Connecting to the service on the ULTRIX server with the USE
command

U sing the DOS COpy command to transfer the file to a
directory on your personal computer's hard disk

Transferring Files 5-5

Transferring Files to Other DECnet Nodes
DEGnet utilities
let you access
computers
anywhere on the
network.

You can connect to any DECnet node on the network, whether or
not it is set up with PATHWORKS network services.
To transfer files you must:
•

Understand file type qualifiers

•

Turn on the File Access Listener (FAL) utility to enable other
network users to share files with your personal computer
____________________ Note ___________________

When you turn on FAL, you cannot enter any other
commands until you stop it.

•

Define the network node you want with the Network Control
Program (NCP) utility

•

Transfer files with the Network File Transfer (NFT) COpy
command

Using File Type Qualifiers
When you transfer a file using NFT, it is a good idea to include
NFT command qualifiers based on the type of files you are
transferring:
If you are transferring:

Use this qualifier:

Text or ASCII files

JASCII

Data or binary files

JBLOCK

Note ____________________

Some ASCII files do not have a final CRILF at the end
of the ASCII file. For example, a very small file or a file
created by some editors may be missing the CRiLF. In
these cases, use the IBLOCK qualifier with the ASCII file,
or edit the file and insert a CRiLF character.

5-6 Transferring Files

Using FAL to Connect to Other DECnet Nodes
FAL lets you
access and share
your files with
other clients on
the network.

If you want others to transfer files to or to access files on your
computer, make sure the File Access Listener (FAL) utility is
running on your personal computer.
FAL monitors the network for requests from other users for
your files such as an. NFT command. FAL also determines if
the request comes from a user with permission to copy your file.
This permission is called access. You can also set your personal
computer so that it allows file access to any user. If you want to
access your personal computer from another site, or if you want to
provide access for other users, start FAL.
Starting FAL

At the DOS prompt, enter:

c: \> FAL
The FAL prompt, along with information about the FAL utility, is
displayed.
C:\> FAL
FAL -- File Access Listener -- V4.1
Network Driver Version 4.1
Current Working Directory:C:\
Files will be sent as either ASCII or binary.
Existing files will be overwritten.
No access checking will be done (world has read/write privileges) .
Type! to exit.
FAL running ....

FAL continues to run until you stop it. You cannot enter any other
commands until you type the exclamation point (D.
FAL also lets you keep a log file of operations. To keep a FAL log
file, enter the following command from the DOS prompt:
C:\> FAL/ERROR/LOG:LOGFILE.TXT

Information about all transactions are stored in the file
LOGFILE.TXT.

Transferring Files 5-7

Locating Network Nodes
To transfer files to a computer that is a DECnet node, but not a
PATHWORKS server or client, you must:

Use NCP to
check if the
node is in
your personal
computer's
database.

•

Make sure your personal computer and the remote system
know each other's network address

•

Add the remote address to your personal computer's DECnet
node database if it is not known to your personal computer

1. Use the following NCP command to display a list of nodes
(computers) known to your personal computer:
C:\WINGZ> NCP LIST KNOWN NODES

A list similar to the following is displayed:
Known Permanent Nodes as of 1-Aug-1991 10:32:42

= 9.998 (USER1)

Executer node

State
Executor Identification
Node
Address

Node
Name

Active
Links

2.222
9.222
9.888
9.788
9.998
25.100

ULTSER
SERVR1
OSSER
SERVR5
USER1
USERS

3
0
2
2
1
1

On
PATHWORKS for DOS V4.1 client
MS-NET

Account
Information

M
M
EXEC

Because USER2 is not listed, it is not known to your personal
computer. You must enter USER2's network name and
address to your personal computer's DECnet node database
before you can access it.
See your system administrator for the DEC net addresses for
nodes you want to access.
Use the NCP
DEFINE NODE
command to
enter the node
address in
your personal
computer's
database.

2. When you know the node address for the computer you want
to reach, use the NCP DEFINE NODE command to define the
node in your personal computer's DECnet database file.
For example, to define node USER2 in your personal
computer's database file, enter:
C:\WINGZ>NCP DEFINE NODE 23.998 NAME USER2

If you enter the NCP LIST KNOWN NODES command again,
NCP now lists USER2 in the display.

5-8 Transferring Files

Now you can transfer your file using the NFT COpy command.

Transferring Files to a DECnet Node
The NFTCOPY
command lets
you copy files to
a remote network
node.

Once you know the remote node's address, and the type of file you
are transferring, use the NFT COpy command to transfer the file.
The following example shows how to transfer the binary file
MYFILE.SLK from your personal computer's WINGZ directory to
another personal computer, USER2.
•

Enter the following NFT COpy command:
C:\WINGZ> NFT COPY/BLOCK MYFILE.SLK USER2::

Note that USER2 is followed by two colons (::). This indicates
the file is to be copied to the current directory of the specified
personal computer.
If NFT displays the following error message, make sure the
remote personal computer is running FAL.
Error opening file: user2: :myfile.slk
Unrecognized object

•

Some DECnet nodes may require user names and passwords.
If you transfer the file to one of these accounts, you must
specify the:
User name and password for the account
Device name
Directory name
For example:
C:\WINGZ> NFT COPY/BLOCK MYFILE.SLK SERVR5"USER2 PASSWORD"::
DISK3: [USER2.WINGZ]

Here are examples of transferring different types of files.
•

Example 1: Binary File Transfer
When you transfer a binary file from a spreadsheet on your
DOS personal computer to another user, you may want to
retain the same formatting at both ends of the file transfer
process. Use the !BLOCK qualifier with the NFT COpy
command. For example:
C:\WINGZ> NFT COPY/BLOCK MYFILE.SLK USER2::C:\WINGZ

Transferring Files 5-9

•

Example 2: Text (ASCII) file transfer
When you transfer an ASCII file (for example, a program file)
from a server to or from your DOS personal computer, use the
JASCII qualifier with the NFT COPY command as shown in
the following example:
c:\> NFT COPY/ASCII VAXSER: :DISK2: [USER2] MYPROG. HLP

Stopping FAL

You may want to stop FAL after completing your file transfer
tasks.
There are two ways to stop FAL. One way allows it to complete
the current file transfer, if any. The second way stops FAL
immediately.
1. Cancel FAL by pressing the exclamation mark ( ! ).
Any current file transfer is completed before your system
prompt is restored.
2. To stop FAL immediately, press ICtrI/CI.
FAL exits immediately, and shuts off any remote network
links that were open.

Getting Help for DECnet Utilities
You can get more information about NFT, NCP, and other DECnet
utilities commands by entering the utility name followed by HELP
as shown in the following example:
C: \> NFT HELP

The Help display contains a:
•

List of the commands and qualifiers

•

General command format

You can also display information for a specific command and
qualifier as shown in the following example:
C:\>NFT HELP COPY/BLOCK

For further information about transferring files with the DECnet
utilities refer to DECnet User's Guide.

5-10 Transferring Files

Transferring Files over TCP/IP
File Transfer
Protocol (FTP)

If you are running the TCP/IP network transport, use the FrP
utility to transfer files to and from another computer or host.
With FTP, transferring files is the same as copying them.
To transfer a file with FTP you must:
•

Define the Internet node names for the nodes to which you
want to connect

•

Start FrP

•

Connect to a host

•

Transfer a file to or from a host

•

Return to DOS and:
Leave FTP running in the background
Close the connection
Terminate the FTP session

The following sections describe these procedures.

Defining Internet Node Names for TCP/IP
Complete the following steps to define Internet node names in the
HOSTS. file:
Is the node name
already defined?

Determine whether the node name is already defined by
entering the PING command followed by the node name or
address for the node you want to reach. For example:
c:\> PING SERVR2
a. If you receive the following message, the node name and
address are already defined:
SERVR2 is alive.

Go to the Starting FTP and Connecting to a Host section.
b. If the node name and node address are not listed in file,
PING displays the following message:
Unknown host SERVR2

Go to step 2.

Transferring Files 5-11

Defining the node

2. Ask your system administrator for the the Internet address of
the node you are defining.
3. Using any text editor, open the HOSTS. file, usually located
in your \ TCPIP subdirectory. Edit the file to add the Internet
node address and node name of each node you want to access.
For example, to add the node names SERVR2 (Internet
address 13.130.192.98) and SERVR3 (Internet address
13.140.198.22) add the following lines to your HOSTS. file:
13.130.192.98 servr2
13.140.198.22 servr3

Save and exit the file.

Starting FTP and Connecting to a Host
To start FTP, enter the FTP command and the name of the host
node from which you want to control the file transfer.
For example:

c: \WPROCESS> FTP SERVR3
The host log in prompt may be displayed. If so, log in as you
normally do.
Mter you log in, the FTP> prompt is displayed. You can now enter
file transfer commands.
There are additional FTP command parameters for starting FTP
in TCP /IP User's Reference.

Transferring Files to and from a Host
The FTP PUT
command
transfers a file to
a host computer.

To transfer a file from your personal computer to a TCP/IP host,
(for example, to an ULTRIX or VMS host), use the PUT command
at the FTP> prompt.
For example, the following command transfers the file
MYFILE.SLK from your personal computer to the file
MYFILE2.SLK on the host:
FTP> PUT MYFILE.SLK MYFILE2.SLK

5-12 Transferring Files

The FTP GET
command
transfers a file
to your personal
computer.

To transfer a file from a host to your personal computer, use the
GET command at the FTP> prompt.
For example, the following command transfers the file
MYFILE2.SLK from a host to your personal computer:
FTP> GET MYFILE2.SLK MYFILE.SLK

Unless you specify the full pathname of the destination file, the
file is placed in your current directory. A pound sign (#) appears
on the screen at regular intervals, indicating that the file transfer
is in progress. When the FTP> prompt is displayed, the file
transfer is complete.

Returning to DOS
You can temporarily leave FrP, but keep it running in the
background. To leave FTP and return to DOS, press ill and then
IReturn I at the FTP> prompt. The DOS prompt is displayed. This
procedure lets you start another session with a host, or issue any
DOS command.
Returning to FTP
from DOS

To return to FTP at the DOS prompt, enter:
FTP> EXIT

The FTP> prompt is displayed.
Closing the
connection

To close an FTP connection, enter the following at the FTP
prompt:
FTP> CLOSE

The FTP> prompt appears, and you can open another session.
Terminating FTP

To close an FTP connection and terminate the FTP session, enter
the following at the FTP> prompt:
FTP> QUIT

Transferring Files 5-13

6
Using PC DECwindows Motif
PC DEC windows Motif software provides an X server environment
for the X Window System on your personal computer. With PC
DECwindows Motif, you can use different X applications at the
same time.
This chapter describes:

•
•
•

The X Window System

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Starting applications

Configuring PC DECwindows Motif
Starting the X server
Managing multiple windows
U sing the icon box
U sing dialog boxes
Copying, moving, and deleting text
Getting help
U sing DOS from the X server
Pausing and exiting the X server

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-1

The X Server Environment
The X Window System is based on the following client/server
relationship:
X server

•

X servers provide a display facility for X applications. The
X server takes requests from many applications, performs
the operation, and manages the display screen in an orderly
fashion. The X server also manages input from personal
computer devices, such as the mouse and keyboard. It returns
input to the appropriate X application. Built-in security
features ensure that access to the personal computer is
restricted.

X client

•

The X server and X applications communicate via the X
protocol. Also called X clients, X applications send messages
to X servers with display requests. X applications receive
input from the X server through the use of devices such as the
keyboard and pointer. This process is entirely transparent to
the user.

In the X server environment, you can divide the screen into many
windows. Each window displays an application that is running
on a system such as a VMS, ULTRIX, or RISC computer.
You manage the windowing environment by using menus, dialog
boxes, and a mouse to manipulate text, data, and the application
in each window.
Figure 6-1 shows the PC DECwindows Motif environment.

6-2 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Figure 6-1

Model of PC DECwindows Motif Environment

DECwindows Motif Applications
Running on Remote Nodes
c:::::J

0000

111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111

0
111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111

111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111

o
VMS

ULTRIX

Network

DECwindows Motif Applications
Displayed on a Personal Computer

TA-0614-AC

When you use PC DECwindows Motif, you use one of the X
servers, either DWDOS286 or DWDOS386.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-3

Advantages of
PC DECwindows
Motif

PC DECwindows Motif software lets you take advantage of the X
Window System and X applications. The windowing environment
lets you:
•

Connect to and use different applications without having to
memorize commands for different operating systems

•

View and access multiple sessions on the screen at the same
time

•

Use an application's cut and paste function to transfer
information to an application in another window

•

Use X applications such as:
VMS and ULTRIX User Executive applications-a
graphical interface to operating systems
VMS Bookreader-an online version of VMS documentation
VMS and ULTRIX mail
DECwrite
Calendar
DECpaint

For example, you can display an application that is running on a
remote VMS system in one window and cut and paste information
in another application that is running on a remote ULTRIX
system in another window. You use both windows as if they are
running locally on your personal computer.
Figure 6-2 shows a sample screen for the X server with several X
applications, including a window manager, Bookreader, DECwrite,
and Clock.

6-4 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Figure 6-2 A Sample X Server Screen

:iO,us'irO""'" ,
:I'AOM1JS1J\S
:H».,Iot-YoOUhttlt'l11' "1'be- SiIIrn~irt<C'tft(t tt.Ht.tin~ you.OOlCAEADLR.MWllsowotksfot':

;DICv.tibrllflidultioUliott.Ho"lIppiuticlr.s? A1lm'lIlAillibole-on Mdt-SER.v;p.;;,

Configuring PC OECwindows Motif
Before you use the X server you must configure the client to use
the software. You configure the client only once to begin using the
X server.
The DWCONFIG utility is easy to use, but you need to know some
technical information about your system before you begin. Consult
your system administrator if you have any questions.
To start the configuration utility, enter:
c: \> DWCONFIG
Read the directions on your screen and make the selections you
want.
You can reconfigure your personal computer for the X server
as your needs change. For example, you can reconfigure the X
server to use a different country keyboard, or to start applications
automatically when you use PC DEC windows Motif.
Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-5

If you have questions about configuring your personal computer
for PC DECwindows Motif, consult your system administrator. Or
refer to the PC DECwindows Motif Guide.

Starting the X Server
Once you have configured your computer to use PC DECwindows
Motif, you can begin using it.
The X server is supplied in two versions:

Deciding which
DOS/X server to
use

•

DWDOS286

•

DWDOS386

Use the following guidelines to help you select which version to
use:
•

If you have an 80286-based personal computer, you must use
DWDOS286.

•

If you have an 80386- or 80486-based personal computer,
you can use either version. Base your decision on the type of
memory in your personal computer as shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Memory Considerations and Use
If you want:

Use:

To use maximum suspend session memory

DWDOS286

1b get better performance and better swapping
performance for low-memory conditions

DWDOS386

To start the X server from Microsoft Windows
running in enhanced mode

DWDOS286

Start the X server by entering one of the following commands,
depending on which version you choose:

c: \> DWDOS286
or

c: \> DWDOS386

6-6 Using PC DECwindows Motif

If you get an
error message,
your computer
has not been set
up properly to
use the X server.
See your system
administrator.

After a few moments, the DIGITAL logo is displayed, followed by
the PC Session Manager, as shown in Figure 6-3.
Figure 6-3 PC Session Manager
Suspend MeMory = 51Kb

MeMory used = 1.0Mb/7.2Mb

I Exit I ISuspend I IHelp I IPause I IStart. .. I
The PC Session Manager only lets you start applications; it
does not let you move and manage windows. Therefore, the first
application you start should be a window manager.
The window
manager lets
you manage the
applications on
your screen.

A window manager lets you:
•

Select windows

•

Move windows

•

Resize windows

•

Shrink windows to icons

•

Expand icons to windows

Different window managers may accomplish these tasks in a
slightly different way. For example, you may have to click on a
different area of the window to move it. PCX$WINMGR lets you
move windows by clicking on the border.
Refer to your window manager documentation or consult your
system administrator for specific information about the window
manager you use.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-7

Starting Applications
Before you start an application, you need an account on a VMS,
ULTRIX, or UNIX system that offers the applications. You must
know your:
•

Node name

•

User name

•

Password

To start the window manager, or any X application, follow these
steps.
1.

Click on Start to display the Session Manager Start
Application dialog box.
The Session Manager dialog box has text-entry fields and
buttons. To start applications, you fill in the fields and click
on the appropriate button.
The information you enter in this dialog box indicates the
node and account that offers the application you want.

2. Click anywhere on the dialog box to activate (select) it.

Use Shift/Tab to
move back to the
preceding field.

3. Enter the information requested in each dialog box field,
pressing ITabl after each entry. The ITabl key moves the cursor to
the next field.
When you enter your password, it is not displayed on the
screen.
In the Application field, enter the name of the application.
For example, to start the VMS Window Manager provided
with PC DECwindows Motif, enter:
PCX$WINMGR

To run the VMS DECwindows XUI Window Manager, enter:
DECW$WINMGR

To run the ULTRIX DECwindows XUI Window Manager,
enter:
dxwm

6-8 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Choose Start Application.

To start the application, select Start Application. The Start
Application command button has a double border. The double
border indicates it is default command button. You choose the
default command button by pressing 1Return I, or by clicking on it
with the mouse.
Figure 6--4 shows a completed request to start the PC Session
Manager.
Figure 6-4 PC Session Manager Start Application Dialog Box

Suspend MeMory = 51Kb

MeMory used = 1.1Mb/7.2Mb

I Exit I ISuspend I IHelp I IPause I IStart. . . I

Node:
User:

S_ER_V_R_l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-----'

1..-1

U_S_ER_l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---'

1..-1

Password:

IL.-<_pa_s_sw_o_r_d>
_ _ _ _ _ _ _----'

Application:

IL.-D_EC_~J_$I_IJI_N_MG_R_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----l

I DiSMiss II Clear I I Help I I Start Application

___________ Note

During application startup, the cursor changes shape
to indicate that there is network activity to access the
application, and you cannot perform any operations.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-9

Mter a few moments, the Window Manager icon box is displayed
as shown in Figure 6-5.
Figure 6-5 DECwindows XUI Window Manager

rm Iton 8.,

l;r~ PC Session Managerl
MR-3592-IRA

Note

The icon box could be covered over by the PC Session
Manager dialog box.

The Managing Multiple Windows section describes how to use the
Window Manager to display other applications.
To use other applications, you must know which node offers the
application you want, and have an account on that node. You can
start additional applications from the same node as the window
manager or from different nodes.
Once you have started the applications you want, remove the Start
Application dialog box from your screen by choosing Dismiss to
close the window. To retrieve the Start Application dialog box,
choose Start from the Session Manager window. Refer to PC
DECwindows Motif Guide for a list of X applications.
For information about X applications, refer to the applications'
documentation.

6-10 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Managing Multiple Windows
To use more than one window at a time, use the Window Manager
to manage and control the different windows.
____________________ Note ____________________

The DECwindows XUI Window Manager described in this
section is shipped with DECwindows Motif for VMS and
ULTRIX. You can also use other window managers.

The following sections explain how to control and organize
windows using the DECwindows XUI window manager.

Selecting a Window
Before you can do anything with a window, you must select it.
Selecting a window directs what you enter at the keyboard to that
window. Once a window is selected, you can:
•

Enter information into the application in the window

•

Move within the application

•

Control the window

To select a window, click anywhere on the window except on a
push button. The title bar is highlighted.
____________________ Note ____________________

Only one window can be selected at a time. Selecting a
window always deselects another window.

Moving a Window
You can rearrange the windows on your screen. This feature is
especially helpful if you have many windows open at one time.
To move a window:
1.

Select the window you want to move by pressing and holding
the mouse button anywhere on the title bar.
The outline of the window is highlighted.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-11

Drag the window to the new position.

3. Release the mouse button.
Note

To cancel a window move while in progress, click another
mouse button. The window returns to its original position.

Changing the Size of a Window
Changing the size of windows makes your work easier. For
example, you can make your main working window larger than
the others, or create a number of small windows to view the
information in them.
To change the size of a window:
1.

Point to the resize push button, shown in Figure 6-6.

Figure 6-6 Resize Button

~------------------~I
u~I@]1

1=1

TA-0527-RA

Press and hold the mouse button.

3. To make the window:
•

Larger, drag diagonally outward.

•

Smaller, drag outward, then diagonally inward.

•

Longer, drag straight upward.

•

Shorter, drag straight up, then downward.

•

Wider, drag straight outward.

•

Narrower, drag outward, then straight inward.

6-12 Using PC DECwindows Motif

4. When you like the size of the window, release the mouse
button.
Note _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

To cancel a resize in progress, press a different mouse
button.

Stacking Windows
When windows of different sizes are open, they pile up on top
of other windows. This is a stack of windows. To view a bottom
window, you can rearrange the stack. Moving a window to the
bottom of a stack is called push. Moving a window to the top is
called pop. Windows cycle from the top to the bottom of the stack
as you push each successive window.
Pushing Windows to the Bottom of the Stack

To push a window to the bottom of the stack:
1. Click on the top window's push-to-back button, shown in
Figure 6-7.
Figure 6-7 Push-to-Back Button

~~--------------~I

1[1]1

1b!j15il1
TA-0528-RA

2.
Selecting any
window in the
stack pops it to
the top of the
stack.

Repeat until the window you want is on top.

If more than two windows are stacked, each cycles toward the top
of the stack, moving up one place at a time as other windows are
pushed to the back.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-13

Locking Windows in a Stack

You can select a window to work without pushed it to the top of
the stack. To lock a window in the stack:
1. Point to the window push-to-back button.
2.

Shift/click on MB1.
The window is pushed to the bottom and the button is shaded.

Whenever a window is locked in position in the stack, the button
is shaded. You can lock more than one window at a time.
When a window is locked in place, you can click on the shaded-in
stack button to:
•

Push the top window to the bottom of the stack.

•

Pop the bottom window to the top of the stack.

Unlocking Windows in a Stack

When a stack-locked window at the bottom of the stack is
unlocked, it is popped to the top; when a stack-locked window
at the top of the stack is unlocked, it is pushed to the bottom.
To unlock a window in the stack:
1.

Point to the push-to-back button on the window.

2. Shift/click on MBl.
The shaded-in portion is unshaded again.

Shrinking a Window to an Icon
The Window Manager has a window called the icon box. (See
Figure 6-5 for an illustration.) The icon box displays one icon for
each of the applications you have running. To free up screen space
or to set aside an application temporarily, shrink the window to
its icon in the icon box. When you want to use the window again,
you expand it to its original size.
To shrink a window to an icon:
Click on the shrink-to-icon button shown in Figure 6-8.
The window closes and shrinks. Its icon in the icon box becomes
bold.

6-14 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Figure 6-8 Shrink-to-Icon Button

~~-----~~I~__________________________~~
I~I@]I

1[1;]1

TA-0529-RA

Retrieving Windows
When you retrieve an icon from the icon box, the window opens
on top of any other open windows. It is also selected, de-selecting
any other window. To retrieve and expand a shrunken window:
Click on its icon in the icon box.
The shadow of the icon remains in the icon box.

Using the Icon Box
Here are some facts about the icon box:
•

When you start an application, its icon is added to the box.

•

When you stop an application, its icon is deleted from the box.

•

You can rearrange the icons by dragging them within the icon
box.

•

You can click on the grid icon at the top left corner to
rearrange the icons' alignment and spacing.

•

If there are a lot of icons in the box, scroll bars let you scan
the complete icon box

When you finish using an application, you can:
•

Click on the window icon to close the window and display the
application's icon in the Icon Box.
Use this method if you want to use the application again.

•

Select the application's File menu, then choose exit or close
from the application menu.
When an application is closed, its window and icon are
removed from the screen.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-15

Using Dialog Boxes
In PC DECwindows Motif, you provide input to the applications
with a dialog box instead of entering VMS, ULTRIX, or UNIX
commands. A dialog box shows what settings are already in use
and lets you activate or change the settings. Figure 6-9 shows a
sample of the dialog box for the appointment calendar.

Figure 6-9 Sample Appointment Calendar Dialog Box

From:
Text-Entry
Field

1.1

Thursday the 17th of AugustJ 1989
To: 9

Toggle Button - - f l - + - - - - I - - - - - - - - - . ,

~ At Entry Time

~@ 8:55pm

~C"'; Thu "17th ,1wg 7:00pm

~C,'"'} B:3!Jpm

~C; Thu "I nth ,~Hg ~3:nnpm

5
Scale with Slider

Minutes
Calendar Icons

~ "

.U+$i

?~PO

Option Menus

~ Flag day

Push Buttons

I Delete Entry I I Reset I I Cancel
MR-3695-IRA

6-16 Using PC DECwindows Motif

To display and use the Calendar dialog box:
1. Click on Start in the PC Session Manager.
2. If the appropriate fields in the Start Application Dialog box
are not already filled in, type the node, user name, and
password for your account, pressing ITabl after each entry.
3. Type the application name in the Application field:
•

If the X server is on a VMS node, type DECW$CALENDAR.

•

If the X server is on an ULTRIX node, type dxcalendar.

Click on Start Application. The calendar is displayed.

Click on the calendar icon to display the calendar. When
the calendar is displayed, Double-click on a date to display the
calendar dialog box for that day. Click on Help for information
about using the calendar.

Table 6-2 shows additional ways to supply information to a dialog
box.
Table 6-2 Supplying Information to Dialog Boxes
Function

Description

How to use the function

List box

Displays a list of options from which you
can select. If it is a long list, there may
be a scroll bar.

To select an option, point and
click on it.

Option button

Lets you select one option from a small
group.

To select an option, click on the
button.

Option menu

Displays a list in the form of a menu.

To display an option menu, point
to the current option, hold down
MBI to display other menu
options, and drag to highlight
an item. Release the button.

Toggle button

furns an option on or off, like a light
switch.

To change the setting, click once.
(continued on next page)

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-17

Table 6-2 (Cont.) Supplying Information to Dialog Boxes
Function

Description

How to use the function

Scale

Displays and specifies the potential
range.

To select where in the range you
want to be, drag the III.

Push button

Indicates what to do with the information
supplied in the rest of the dialog box.
The Start Application button in the PC
Session Manager is a push button.

To push the button, click on it.
If it is double-bordered, you can
also press 1Return I.

Text entry fields

Type in information here.

To position the cursor, point and
click.
To move down one field, ~
To move up one field, 1 ShiftITab 1
To correct typing, backspace.

Editing Text
PC DECwindows Motif provides an easy method of copying text
and data between windows. Use these functions in addition to
whatever functions you use with the application. You can copy or
move data and text:
•

From one place in a window to another place

•

From one window to another window

•

From one application to another application

To copy, move, or delete text and data, there are two basic steps:

Text manipulation
limitations

•

Select the text or data

•

Copy, move, or delete what you selected

Keep the following limitations in mind when you manipulate text
with PC DECwindows Motif:
•

You can select text or data with any PC DECwindows Motif
compatible mouse.

•

Copy and move operations require a three-button mouse, or a
two-button mouse with three-button mouse emulation set with
the DWCONFIG utility.

•

Copy and move functions cannot be used in the PC Session
Manager dialog box.

6-18 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Selecting Text
Before you can copy, move, or delete text or data, you must select
it using one of the following methods. Selected text or data is
highlighted.

To:

Do this:

Select one word

Double-click on it.

Select one line

Triple-click on it.

Select a short portion

Drag over the material, release MBl at the
end location.

Start a selection

Click on the start location.

Mark the end of the
selection

Shift-click on the end location.

Extend an existing
selection

Hold \Shift\ and drag through the additional
material.
At the new endpoint, release MBl and the
IShiftl key.

Select continuous text

Drag the pointer across the material.

Cancel any selection

Click anywhere else in the window that
contains the selection.

Note _____________________

Once text is selected, do not type. If you type, the selected
text is deleted.

Copying, Moving, or Deleting Text
Once the text is selected, you can copy or move it to a different
location in the same window, another application, or another
window.
You can copy
text only to
a window or
application that
accepts text.

To copy text:
1.

Select the text or data to be copied.

Click on the new location.

Press MB3.
The text is copied to the new location.
The window from which you selected text is now selected.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-19

Using QuickCopy

QuickCopy is different from copy in two ways:
•

You select the text to be copied as it is needed

•

The window to which you copy remains selected before, during,
and after the procedure.

To QuickCopy:
1.

Select the text or data.

Click on the position where you want to insert the new
material.

Position the cursor in the other window or location.

Press and hold Mouse Button 3 (MB3).

Drag over the text you want to copy.
The text is underlined as it is selected.

Release MB3.
The text is copied to the location you chose in step one.

Moving Text Between Windows

You can move text from one window to another. Move is different
from copy. Move deletes the text from one place and puts it in
another place. You can move text to a different location in the
same window, another application, or another window.
To move text:
1.

Select the window into which you want to move text.

Click on the position where you want to insert the new
material.

Position the cursor over the material you want to move.

Press and hold ICtrI/MB31.

Drag over the text you want to move.
The text is underlined as it is selected.

Release I CtrI/MB31.
The text is moved to the new location.
The selected window is the one to which you moved the text.

6-20 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Deleting and Replacing Text
You can delete existing text and replace it with something you
type.
To delete and replace text:
1. Select the text to be deleted.
2.

Press any key.
The selected text is deleted and replaced with what you typed.
____________________ Note ___________________

To cancel a delete operation, before you press any key,
point to the selected text and click MB1.

Getting Help
You can get three kinds of help for PC DECwindows Motif:
•

Through the PC Session Manager

•

For the applications

•

For specific screen objects and items

Getting Help for the X Server

To get help for the X server, click on Help in the PC Session
Manager or the Start Application dialog box. A window similar to
that shown in Figure 6-10 is displayed.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-21

Figure 6-10 The X Server Help Window

Suspend Session Mel'lory:
The al'lount of conventional Mel'lory that DOS prograMs
will find available during a suspended session.
Mel'lory used:
The al'lount of data DECwindows is storing: followed by
the al'lount of physical MeMory available to DECwindows.
When the first nUMber exceeds the second, sOl'le data
will be written to a disk file and read back as needed.
Click Exit to stop all applications and end the
PC DECwindows session.
Suspend: Click Suspend to return tel'lporarily to the DOS
prol'lpt, execute DOS COMI'lfllands, then reSUMe your
PC DECwindows session by typing •exit' .
Click Pause to put your current session on hold.
To continue your session, you !'lust enter your
PC DECwindows password, if any.
Click Start to bring up the Start Application
dialog box.

II Exit Help II

Getting Help for X Applications
To get help with applications:

Click and drag on Help on the menu bar of any application.

For general help, choose Overview.
General information about the application is displayed along
with an Additional Topics list.

For help on a specific topic double click on an additional topic.

6-22 Using PC DECwindows Motif

4. When you are finished reading about an additional topic,
choose:

•

Go Back to return to the Additional Topics list.

•

Exit to exit the Help window.

Figure 6-11 shows a help window for the Calendar application.
Figure 6-11 Calendar Help Window

II Help on Calendar
r

File

Edit

View

I~@]
Using Help

Overview of DECwindows Calendar
DECwindows Calendar serves as a desktop calendar and
appointMent book. Calendar can display one day, Month,
or year froM your calendar, and it can help you
schedule your appointMents and reMind you of theM.
You can use several calendars for different purposes.
for exaMple, a group Might share a calendar for Making
conference rOOM reservations.

Help
Topic

for More inforMation about using Calendar, double click
on an iteM frOM the list of additional topiCS below.
for inforMation about using Help, choose Using Help
frOM the Help Menu above. Use Calendar's contextsensitive help to get Help inforMation quickly.

'=
0

~
Additional topics

Additiona
Topics

()

DECwindows Basics

New features in this Release
Using Calendar
file Menu
Edit Menu
!.... ····· ......... ···· .. ·· .......

! Go I:<~,k

··I

Exit

MR-3694-IRA

Getting Help for Objects and Menu Items
To get specific information about a screen object such as a scroll
bar or dialog box, or to get help about a specific menu item:
1.

Press and hold IHelpl on your keyboard:
•

If you have an LK250 keyboard, use IHelpl.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-23

•
2.

If you have an industry standard keyboard configured with
LK201 emulation, use IF111.

Click on the object or item for which you want help.

Viewing Two Help Topics at the Same Time
Sometimes you want to check another topic without closing the
first topic. To open more than one topic simultaneously:

1. Click on a topic from the Additional Topics list.

2. Choose Visit from the View menu to open a second Help
window.
Searching Help by Topics
If you can remember only a topic name but not the application for
the topic, you can find the information you want by searching.

To search for help by topic:
1. Select the window in which you need help.
2.

Pull down the Help menu for the application.

Pull down the Search menu and choose Title
Help displays the Search Topic Titles dialog box.

In the Title field, enter the word or phrase.
If you want a list of topics, leave the field empty.

5. Click on Apply.
Help displays the topics containing the word or phrase, or a
list of available topics.

6. Select the topic you want:
•

Double click on the topic
or

• Click on the topic and then click on Visit.
The Search Topic Titles dialog box remains open so that you
can continue your search if necessary.

6-24 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Searching Help by Keywords
Each application has predefined keywords that you can search
for in Help. To search for a keyword:

Select the window in which you need help.

Pull down the Help menu for the application

3. Pull down the Search menu and choose Keyword.
Help displays the Search Topic Keywords dialog box.
4. To select a keyword:
•

Double-click on the topic you want
or

•

Click on the topic and then click on Visit.

The "Search Topic Keywords" dialog box remains open so that
you can continue your search if necessary.

Exiting Help
To exit from Help, click on Exit Help. If you have multiple Help
windows open, click on each one.

Using DOS from the X Server
You can temporarily return to the DOS prompt while remaining in
the X server. While the X server is suspended, you can issue DOS
commands.
To return to the DOS prompt and issue a DOS command:
1.

Select the PC Session Manager.

Click on Suspend.

The conventional memory in your personal computer is limited
during a suspended session. If you try to use a DOS application
that requires a lot of memory, it may not work. See your system
administrator if you cannot use DOS commands from a suspended
session of the X server.
Do not run terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) DOS programs that
run in the background such as SideKick, or utilities such as the
PRINT command while you have a suspended session.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-25

Note ___________________

Even when the X server is suspended, the network is
active. Do not change any network controls or reset the
network. You could lose work.

To return to the X server from the DOS prompt, enter:
EXIT

Pausing the X Server
If you want to leave your office but do not want to leave your work
vulnerable to others, you can pause the X server. Pausing blanks
the screen, maintains the current application environment, and
secures your work.
To pause the X server:
1.

Select the PC Session Manager.

Click on Pause.
A dialog box requesting a password is displayed. To resume
working, enter the password.
Note ___________________

You must use DWCONFIG to configure the PC
DECwindows Motif password. Refer to PC DECwindows
Motif Guide for information about setting this up.

6-26 Using PC DECwindows Motif

Exiting the X Server
To exit the X server:
1.

Close the applications you are using.
If you do not close the applications, you can lose all of your
work.

Select the PC Session Manager.

Click on Exit.
The X server displays a dialog box that prompts:
Do you really want to exit?

4. To exit the X server and return to the DOS prompt, click on
Yes.

Or, to resume the X server session, click on No.

Using PC DECwindows Motif 6-27

7
Using Your Personal Computer as a
Terminal
A terminal emulator is an application that lets your computer
operate as if it were a terminal connected to a host computer, such
as a VMS or ULTRIX server.
PATHWORKS for DOS offers terminal emulation through:
•

SETHOST

•

VT320 terminal emulator for Microsoft Windows

•

DECterm, an X application terminal emulator available with
PC DECwindows Motif

This chapter covers the first two. See your system administrator
or refer to your application's documentation for information about
using DECterm.
Terminal emulation works with a host with a LAT, DECnet, or
TCP/IP transport. Ask your system administrator if you do not
know which operating system and transport you have available.
The following sections describe how to get started with SETHOST
and the VT320 terminal emulator for Microsoft Windows.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-1

Using SETHOST
A SETHOST connection to the host computer is known as a

session. You can have as many as four sessions at one time. The
sessions can be on different hosts or the same host. You can log in
to any host in your network on which you have an account.
The following sections describe how to:
•

Start SETHOST

•

Set up SETHOST sessions

•

Select and switch between sessions

•

Suspend SETHOST and return to the DOS prompt

•

Get help
For complete information about SETHOST, see the SETHOST
Terminal Emulation Guide.

Starting SETHOST
You can start SETHOST:
•

With a host name

•

Without a host name

To start SETHOST with a host name:
1. At the DOS prompt, enter the SETHOST command followed
by the host name. For example:
c:\> SETHOST VHOSTS
2.

For example, if you connected to a session on VMS host VHOST5,
SETHOST would display the screen shown in Figure 7-1.

7-2 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Figure 7-1 SETHOST Login Screen

SETHOST U4.1
Copyright (c) 1985-1991 by Digital EquipMent Corporation
Press F3 to enter Set-Up to select a Session
Press F4 to switch sessions (or Shift Prev and Shift Next)
Press Ctrl F1B to exit or Ctrl F9 to go to MS-DOS
Connecting to Service 1 UHOST5 via CTERM
Unauthorized access is PROHIBITED!!
UsernaMe:

To start SETHOST without a host name:
1. At the DOS prompt, enter:
c:\> SETHOST
2.

Press ~ to enter Set-Up and select a session.
Follow the steps described in the Setting Up SETHOST
section.

Setting Up SETHOST
If you have never used SETHOST before, or want to change the
session connections already defined, you need to:

•

Set up the communications environment by selecting the:
Network communications port
Service type

•

Assign host connections to each of your SETHOST sessions

•

Save your setup parameters

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-3

Setting the Communications Environment
Use the following procedure to set up your personal computer
SETHOST connection to the network.
1. At the DOS prompt, enter:

c: \>

SETHOST

Press ~ to enter the Set-Up menu to select a session.

Use IPgUpl or IPgDnl to select the Communications menu.
The parameters for that menu are then displayed as shown in
Figure 7-2.

Figure 7-2 The Communications Menu
Actions
Keyboard

lH.i§i§';""i"'·J·§
Printer

Display
Tabs

CURRENT SETTINGS

SELECTIONS

Network COMMunications Port
Service Type: NET
Session 1: Not assigned
Session 2: Not assigned
Session 3: Not assigned
Session 4: Not assigned

COMM Port 1:
COMM Port 1:
COMM Port 2:
COMM Port 2:
COMM Port 2:

General
Telephone

Data Leads Only
Full ModeM Control
Data Leads Only
Full ModeM Control
Hayes ModeM

Network COMMunications Port

Use arrow keys to select desired action. then press Enter(Return) key.
To Move aMong screens. press the PgDn(Next) and PgUp(Prev) keys.
To leave Set-Up. press F3(Set-Up) key.

To connect to a network host, select Network Communication

Port.
4.

Use III to highlight the Comm Port 1 choice in the CURRENT

SETTINGS column.
5.

Use E1 to highlight the SELECTIONS column.

Use III to move to the Network Communications Port choice
and press IReturn I .

7-4 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

7. Use III or III to highlight the Service Type choice in the
CURRENT SE'ITINGS column.
A screen similar to Figure 7-3 is displayed.
8. Use El to move the highlighting to the SELECTIONS
column.
9. Use III or III to select the service type appropriate for your
network as shown in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 Selecting the Communications Environment
Actions
Keyboard

".11'1"""+""";
Printer

Display
Tabs

CURRENT SETTINGS

SELECTIONS

Network COMMunications Port

Service Type:
Service Type:
Service Type:
Service Type:

Service Type: NET
Session 1: Not assigned

Session z: Not assigned
Session 3: Not assigned
Session 4: Not assigned

General
Telephone

LAT
CTERM
NET
TELNET

Use arrow keys to select desired action. then press Enter(Return) key.
To Move aMong screens. press the PgDn(Next) and PgUp(Prev) keys.
To leave Set-Up. press F3(Set-Up) key.

Note

NET connects the fastest way possible. In DECnet, NET
tries LAT first, and if LAT is cannot make the connection,
it uses CTERM. In TCPIIP, NET connects using TELNET.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-5

Assigning and Selecting a Session

Once you have the communications port and service type set,
choose a host for the session.
To assign sessions:
1. In the Current Settings menu, select Session 1 with the arrow
keys.

2. Press IReturn I.
The list of hosts or service names is displayed in the
SELECTIONS menu.
3. Move to the SELECTIONS menu by using B and choose a
host.
4. Use III or III to choose a host/service name.
5. Press IReturn I. Session 1 is assigned to the host.
6. Move to Session 2 and repeat the procedure.
Figure 7-4 shows an example of session assignments.
Figure 7-4 Assigning SETHOST Sessions
Actions
Keyboard

*,.11'1';';"+""';'-'.
Printer

Display
Tabs

CURRENT SETTINGS

SELECTIONS

Network COMMunications Port
Service Type: NET
Session 1: UHOST3-NET-Inactive
Session Z: UHOSTS-CTERM-Inactive
Session 3: UHOSTI-NET-Inactive
Session 4: Not assigned

ISAlMi-i.i'. •

General
Telephone

Enter SysteM:
UHOSTl
UHOSTZ
UHOSTS
UHOST3
UHOSTS
UHOSTG
UHOST7

Use arrow keys to select desired action. then press Enter(Return) key.
To Move aMong screens. press the PgDn(Next) and PgUp(Prev) keys.
To leave Set-Up. press F3(Set-Up) key.

Repeat the setup procedure until you have created up to four
sessions with the connections and services for each session.
7-6 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Saving Setup Parameters
You can use session information for future connections to
SETHOST without re-entering Set-Up each time.
To save setup parameters:
1. When you have set the parameters you want, use IPgup! or
IPgDn I and move to the Actions screen.

2. Use III to select Save Set-Up Parameters.
A file name is displayed.
The settings are saved to this file.
3. Press IReturn! to save the settings.
4. To leave Set-Up, press~.
•

If a necessary parameter is missing, a message is

displayed that tells what parameter needs to be set.
Press ~ to return to Set-Up and supply the missing
information.
•

If you have selected a session, SETHOST connects you to

the host's login screen.

Switching Between Sessions
SETHOST lets you switch from one terminal emulation session
to another. Suppose, for example, you are working on a file in
one session, and you want to print an application file located on
another host. With SETHOST, you can switch to another session
to print the application file without terminating the current
session.
_____________________ Note ____________________
You must be logged in to a session for the session to be
active.

To log in to another session:
1.

Press~.

2. Return to the Communications Menu and set up other
sessions.
3. Press ~ to leave Set-Up.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-7

Press ~ to connect to a host.

5. Follow the prompts to log in.
To switch among active sessions:
1.

Press ~ to step between sessions.
The name of another active host is displayed.

2. To resume a session on that host, press IReturn I. For example, if
you returned to your session on VHOST5, SETHOST displays:
Resuming Session 2: VHOST5 ...

Suspending SETHOST to Use DOS
You can suspend SETHOST and return to the DOS prompt while
remaining connected to your host sessions by using the following
procedure:
suspends
SETHOST

1 Ctrl/F91

Press ICtr1lF91.
The DOS prompt is displayed.

2. To return to SETHOST, enter:

c: \> EXIT
The EXIT command returns you to your SETHOST session
exactly where you left off.
___________________ Note ___________________

If you want to run another SETHOST session, switch to
another session at the SETHOST screen instead of the
DOS prompt.
If you suspended a SETHOST session and issue the
SETHOST command at the DOS prompt, you can run out
of memory.

7-8 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Exiting SETHOST

ICtrl/F10 I exits
SETHOST.

When you exit SETHOST, all the session connections are
terminated. Be sure to save all your work on all the hosts
before exiting.
To exit SETHOST:
Press I CtrllF10 I.
If you have not logged off all the sessions, SETHOST displays the
following prompt:
Disconnect SETHOST (YIN)?

•

Enter Y to disconnect all your SETHOST sessions and return
to the DOS prompt.
Or

•

Enter N to return to your current SETHOST session.

Getting Help for SETHOST
SETHOST has online help to assist you in starting and setting up
a session. Use Help to find out more about SETHOST operation
than is presented in this book.
The SETHOST Help function describes:
•

The command format

•

How to connect to sessions

•

SETHOST service types, service names, and command
qualifiers

To get help with SETHOST, enter:
M:\> SETHOST HELP

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-9

Using the VT320 Terminal Emulator in Microsoft Windows
In addition to SETHOST, with PATHWORKS for DOS you can use
the VT320 terminal emulator in Microsoft Windows.
This section describes how to get started with the VT320 terminal
emulator.
_____________________ Note _____________________

If you are a new Windows user, you should learn more
about selecting setup features and using configuration
files. To use the VT320 terminal emulator in Windows,
you must:

•

Load network components in Netsetup

•

Run the PATHWORKS Windows setup utility,
WIN3SETU

Consult your system administrator for information about
setting up Windows. Or refer to the Microsoft Windows
Support Guide.

This section describes how to use the VT320 terminal emulator
with Windows to:
•

Start the VT320 terminal emulator

•

Set up your terminal emulator session

•

Exit to DOS

To start Windows on your personal computer, enter:

c: \> WIN
The Program group is displayed.
Depending on how you have set up Windows, the VT320 emulator
icon may be included in the initial Program group as shown in
Figure 7-5.

7-10 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Figure 7-5 Program Group with VT320 Icon

WH ELP

Microsoft Word

T80 0 K

Fal

~
Nft

Sysedit

Saver

...
vt320

See your Microsoft user documentation for instructions on creating
a Program Group and creating and including an icon.

Starting the VT320 Emulator
You start the VT320 emulator by:
•

U sing the Program Manager Run option

•

Expanding the VT320 icon

The following sections describe each method.

Using the Program Manager Run Option
To start the VT320 emulator with the Run option, follow these
steps:
1.

From the menu bar in the Program Manager, choose the File
option.

Choose the Run option.

Enter VT320 in the dialog box as shown in Figure 7-6.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-11

Figure 7-6 Using the Run Option to Start the Emulator

4. Click on OK.
The VT320 emulator window opens as shown in Figure 7-7.
Figure 7-7 VT320 Emulator Login Screen

Unauthorized access is PROHIBITED !!

5. At the prompt, log in to your host system as you normally do.

7-12 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Expanding the VT320 Icon

....•
Vt320

To start the VT320 emulator by expanding the VT320 icon, follow
these steps:
1.

From the Windows Applications window, double-click on
the VT320 emulator icon. The VT320 emulator window is
displayed as shown in Figure 7-7.

2. At the prompt, log in to your host system as you normally do.

Setting Up the VT320 Emulator
Sometimes, when you start the VT320 emulator, the emulator
window is displayed without a host login prompt, as shown in
Figure 7-8.
Figure 7-8 VT320 Emulator Window

If this occurs, you must use the Set-Up function before you can
use the VT320 emulator.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-13

Use the Set-Up function to:
•

Set up the communications environment to establish a host
connection

•

Select a host

Follow these steps to connect to and select a host:
1. Click on the Control-menu button in the upper left corner of
the VT320 Emulator window to display the VT320 Emulator
menu.
2.

Choose the Set-Up function.

Choose Communications from the Set-Up menu.

4. Choose Port/Network from the Communications menu.
5. Check with your system administrator for the type of
communication setting you should set. Then choose Network
Communication Port from the PortiN etwork menu.
6.

Choose LAT, CTERM, or TELNET from the Network
Communication Port menu, depending on what your system
administrator has told you.

Choose Network Terminal Service from the Communications
menu.

Enter a host name, or accept the default host displayed in the
Network Terminal Service dialog box. Click on ~.

Close the Set-Up window.
After you set up the VT320 emulator, a screen with a login
prompt from the host system is displayed, indicating a
successful connection, as shown in Figure 7-7.

10. At the prompt, log in to your host system as you normally do.
For more information about setting up the VT320 terminal
emulator, ask your system administrator. Or refer to the Microsoft
Windows Support Guide.

7-14 Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal

Exiting the VT320 Emulator
To exit the VT320 emulator, select one of the following commands
from the VT320 System menu:
•

Minimize
The Minimize command switches to another application or
another VT320 session without ending the current session.
The current VT320 emulator window shrinks to an icon. You
can return to this session again by expanding the icon.

•

Close
The Close command ends the current VT320 emulator
session. Before using this option, log off your host system.

Using Your Personal Computer as a Terminal 7-15

8
Writing and Editing with SEDT
The SEDT editor is a built-in application of PATHWORKS for
DOS. It provides a full-screen editor for letters, memos, reports,
and other text.
This chapter describes how to:
•

Start an editing session with the SEDT editor

•

Understand the SEDT editor screen display

•

Use basic SEDT editing tools

•

Set up margins and tabs

•

Get help

•

Leave the SEDT editor

Starting an SEDT Editing Session
Before beginning an editing session:
•

Be at the system prompt

•

Decide in which directory you want to store your files, and
change to that directory

Starting SEDT
You can start SEDT in one of two ways. One method starts the
application with a new, blank file. The second method starts an
editing session on a text file that already exists.
•

To create and edit a new file, at the system prompt, enter:
C: \> SEDT PRACTICE. TXT

SEDT creates a new file called PRACTICE.TXT.

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-1

•

To edit an existing file, enter the name of the file. For
example, if you already have a text file called NAMES.TXT
enter:

c: \> SEDT NAMES. TXT
Note ___________________

SEDT file names can be up to eight characters long. They
can have extensions up to three characters long. For
example, LONGNAME.TXT is a valid file name in SEDT.

Understanding the SEDT Screen
This section describes the four areas of the SEDT screen shown in
Figure 8-1. As you read the descriptions, refer to the appropriate
labels in Figure 8-1.
Figure 8-1 SEDT Default Screen

File Line---. File: practice. txt
Ruler Line ---. A
T
T

C=1
T

L=l
T

Text Area

Mode Line ---.
Message Line ---.

Fwd Ins Lin Tab: Exp Case: Orf Chr Rest
New f i 1 e

8-2 Writing and Editing with SEDT

Shift,-0

B=0
T

Nod=

•

The file line contains the name of the file you created. The
following information about the file is displayed:

If you have edited or made changes to the current file,
SEDT displays an asterisk (*) in front of the word
"file".
Indicates the column number the cursor is in.
Indicates the line number the cursor is on.
Indicates which of four file buffers (0 through 3) you
are editing. If you just created a file, you are in buffer

•

The ruler line contains the SEDT default ruler tab and
margin settings.

•

The text area is for entering and displaying text. You enter
text at the cursor position.

•

The mode line displays the current state of options for
SEDT. These options are editing features you can select. The
options are displayed on the mode line in the order shown in
Table 8-1.
Note ____________________

If you are using a mouse, clicking on an editing function
listed in the mode line toggles between the options for that
function.

•

The message line displays prompts or informational
messages.

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-3

Table 8-1 SEDT Editing Options Displayed in the Mode Line
Options

Key Sequence

Description

Fwd

When used with a command or
key sequence, moves forward in
the file. For example, when used
with a request to search for a word
in the text, searches forward.

Rev

Moves backward (or reverse) in
the file.

Ins

Inserts characters; any character
at the cursor position moves to the
right.

Rep

Replaces characters; the character
at the cursor is overwritten.

Lin

Cuts and pastes selected text by
line.

Blk

Cuts and pastes by block of text.

Tab:Exp

When tabs are selected, inserts
spaces instead of tab characters
between tab stops.

Tab:Ins

Saves file space by inserting
horizontal tab characters between
tab stops.

Case:Off

Searches text disregarding
case sensitivity; that is, does
not distiguish uppercase from
lowercase when searching. This is
the default SEDT setting.
(continued on next page)

8-4 Writing and Editing with SEDT

Table 8-1 (Cont.) SEDT Editing Options Displayed in the Mode
Line
Options
Case:On

Description

Key Sequence
NumLocklkp7/:TU

I Searches text with case sensitivity.Pressing I NumLocklkp7 l
then entering I:TUI at the SEDT
Command prompt toggles between
Case:Off and Case:On.
Assigns a function definition to the
key or ke~uence. For example,
pressing ~ moves the cursor
to the end of the line. When you
press 1CtrllE I, the mode line displays
Deffor definition.

Def

NumLocklkp7/:TX

Chr

NumLocklkp7/:TX 1 Associates no function with the

key. When you press a key with no
definition, the mode line displays
Chr for character.
Free

NumLocklkp7/:TF

Restricts the cursor's movement to
the area of the file containing text.

Rest

Lrn

Frees the cursor's movement into
any area of the file, whether or
not it contains text. This option
is useful if, for example, you
are creating tables in a wide
format. Pressing I NumLocklkp7 I
and entering [!£] at the SEDT
command prompt toggles between
Rest and Free.

I Esc/Shift/Fa 1

Displays Learning before the
MOD= fielp when defining a
function for a key or keystrokes.
(continued on next page)

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-5

Table 8-1 (Cont.) SEDT Editing Options Displayed in the Mode
Line
Options

Key Sequence

Description

Exe

! Esc/Shift/Fa!

Displays Executing before the
MOD= field when initiating a
function with a key or keystrokes.

Shift=Off

Turns off automatic screen shifting
and makes the leftmost position of
the screen correspond to the first
column.

Shift=n

When automatic screen shifting is
turned on, n indicates how many
columns are hidden to the left of
the screen. SEDT keeps the cursor
visible by automatically shifting
the screen to the right.

Mod=

! ShiftlF7! through

IShiftlF10 I

Indicates the numbers of the
screen buffers that contain
unsaved changes. If there are
no modified buffers, no number is
displayed. You can have up to four
screen buffers.

Editing with SEDT
SEDT provides the standard text creation and editing tools. It
also helps you navigate within the file.
This section describes:
•

Typing and deleting text

•

Moving the cursor

•

Selecting text

8-6 Writing and Editing with SEDT

•

Moving text (cut and paste)

•

Saving your work
Note ___________________

When referring to keys, this chapter uses the IBM
enhanced keyboard terminology.

Typing and Deleting Text
Before you start, make sure you:
1.

Have an open SEDT file

Type some text
The text is inserted at the cursor.
When the right side of the screen is reached, the screen shifts
to the left unless you have set the right margin.

Use I Backspace I to delete unwanted characters

Moving the Cursor
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor. If you hold down an arrow
key, the cursor moves at a continuous rate, and the text scrolls. If
the cursor reaches the end of the file, a message is displayed and
the cursor stops moving. Notice that as you move the cursor, the
cursor indicators on the file line change.

Selecting Text
1. Move the cursor to the beginning of the text to be selected.
2.

Press IEndl.

Move the cursor.
As the cursor moves, the selected text is highlighted.

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-7

Moving Text by Cutting and Pasting
1. Select the text to be moved.
Use I Esc/Dell to
copy the text to
the paste buffer.

2. Press I -+-Delete I.
The text is cut and stored in the paste buffer.
3. Move the cursor to where you want to insert the text.
4.

Press Iinserti.
Note _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

The paste buffer is a storage location where the most
recently cut text is kept. The contents of the paste buffer
remain unchanged until new text is cut or you leave
SEDT. You can paste the same piece of text many times.
However, if you cut additional text without pasting the
original text first, the original text is lost.

Saving Your Work
1. Press IEsc/S I.

2. Type a valid file name at the prompt and press IReturn I. SEDT
saves the current screen buffer in a file with that name. The
new file name is now associated with the screen buffer.
This procedure saves your work to the file; SEDT remains open,
and you can continue to work. If you do not type a file name, your
work is saved to the file named in the file line.

Creating Margins and Tabs
SEDT can store
ten different
rulers.

Margin and tab settings are provided on a ruler. The ruler is
the second field on the SEDT screen. A default ruler, called
RULERO.TXT, with default margins and tabs is provided with
SEDT. When you change the settings, you create a new ruler. You
can create your own settings on other rulers and keep as many as
ten different rulers to use in your files. When you start an editing
session, SEDT displays the ruler line below the file line.
This section describes how to create, save, and use rulers.

8-8 Writing and Editing with SEDT

Creating a New Ruler
1.

Enter ruler mode by pressing IEsc/R~
The cursor moves to the ruler.

U sing the arrow keys, set the left margin (W), the right
margin (R or J), and the tab settings. See Table 8-2 for
complete descriptions of the ruler settings.

3. You can change the tab stops even if you do not change the
margins. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to a tab stop
(T).

To remove the tab stop, press the hyphen (-) key or ISpacebar I.
Repeat for each of the tab settings you want to remove.

Move the cursor to the column where you want to set a tab
and press the T key. Do this for each tab stop you want to set.
Set or clear other options using the characters in Table 8-2.

When you finish, save to a ruler file by pressing 1Esc/n I. "n" is a
number between 1 and 9.
A file is created called RULERn.TXT with the number from 1
to 9 that you provided.

To exit ruler mode, press IReturn I.

Table 8-2 lists the keys you use to set characters in ruler mode.
Table 8-2 SEDT Ruler Settings
Character

Action

Hyphen (-)

Removes the tab stop (T) at the current cursor position.

Sets a tab stop. You can set tab stops at any column up to
column number 232.

Spacebar

Clears any ruler settings at the current cursor position.

Sets the automatic paragraph indent. When you press

IEnter Iat the end of a sentence, the next sentence indents to
L.

Sets the manual paragraph indent. Press ~ to move the
cursor to the I indent you have marked on the ruler.
(continued on next page)

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-9

Table 8-2 (Cont.) SECT Ruler Settings
Character

Action

Sets the left margin. Text wraps (returns automatically) to
this setting. Cancels any A setting on the left of the ruler.

Sets a ragged right margin. Cancels any J setting.

Sets a justified right margin. Cancels any R setting.

Cancels the automatic right margin, and cancels any W
setting.
Set A at the left margin by overwriting the current left
margin setting. Be sure the right margin is set at R.
The screen scrolls to the right indefinitely to increase the
column width for your text beyond the default of 74. For
example, you can enter text for landscaped output. Cancels
any W setting.

Using a Saved Ruler
1.

Enter ruler mode by pressing IEsc/RI.

Enter the number of the ruler you want.
The new ruler is used for all subsequent text.

Getting Help
SEDT has online help that explains all the SEDT functions and
provides all the key commands.
To get help with SEDT, press IEsc/H I.
To exit Help, follow the directions on the Help screen.

Leaving SEOT
You can leave SEDT in one of two ways:
•

Exit SEDT and save the file for future editing sessions

•

Quit SEDT without saving any changes in the file

8-10 Writing and Editing with SEDT

Exiting SEDT
I EsciFI

To save the file and exit SEDT, press IEsc/FI or IF101.
A message is displayed on the screen telling you that SEDT is
saving your file. Mter the file is saved, SEDT returns you to the
system prompt.

Quitting SEDT
1.

If you do not want to save the file or any edits, press: IEsc/O I or
~.

If you made edits to the file, SEDT displays the following:
Unsaved changes. Quit? YIN:

2. You can now do one of the following:
•

If you want to quit without saving your changes, press ill.

•

If you want to continue editing, press [[J.

SEDT returns you to the editing area.

Writing and Editing with SEDT 8-11

9
Using Mail and Broadcast
You can send messages to other users on the network using either
Mail or Broadcast.
Mail lets you quickly send messages, memos, and files to other

people on the network. You send your message to another person,
or a list of people. They have the options of printing it and saving
it for future reference.
Mail is private communication; it is between the sender and the
receiver.
Broadcast is most often used by system administrators to send a
brief message to all the users of a particular server. It is usually
not private communication. Broadcast is useful for alerting a
large number of people to a meeting, a printer breakdown, or
a planned change in the network such as a temporary server
shutdown.
This chapter describes Mail and Broadcast.
Note

Mail is currently not available over TCP/IP with a VMS
server. You can access your Mail account on a VMS server
only over DECnet.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-1

Getting Started with Mail
Mail lets you send and receive electronic mail from other users.
This section describes how to:
•

Set up Mail

•

Start Mail

•

Use Mail's main menu, the Browser

•

Use Mail's editor

•

Read mail

•

Send mail

•

U semail folders to organize your messages

•

Extract mail to a directory

•

Suspend and resume your Mail session

•

Deletemail messages

•

Get help for mail functions

For advanced user information about using Mail, refer to the Mail
User's Reference.

9-2 Using Mail and Broadcast

Setting Up Mail
You must run

MA IL SETUP
before using
Mail.

Use the MAILSETUP utility to set up your personal computer to
use the Mail program. Unless you want to change the setup, you
have to do this procedure only once.
To complete the setup, you must:
•

Have a Mail account on a server.

•

Know your user name for the Mail account.

Your system administrator can give you this information.
You can get help for MAILSETUP by pressing fTI.
To modify more parameters and customize your Mail environment,
switch to Advanced InstaIIation mode by pressing IF101.
To start MAILSETUP, at the DOS prompt enter:
c:\> MAILSETU

The MAILSETUP screen is displayed as shown in Figure 9-1.
Figure 9-1 MAILSETUP Screen
PATHWORKS MAIL Setup PrograM

Quick Installation

[Setup OptionsJ
:<E User Options
USERl
~User NaMe =
~Node NaMe =
SERVRl
:<E Keyboard and Mouse
COMMand Mode =
•
Mouse Menus =
•
:<E Callable Text Editor Options
Callable Editor =
~
:<E Screen Options
Character Set =
'1111
...11'-• • • • • •

[DescriptionJ---------------------------------------------------------------------------,
The usernaMe field contains the user naMe field you use when you
login to the reMote VAX.

~~ Type in the entry for this field and press ENTER ••
Fl:Help. F10:Quick/Advanced. Ctrl/Enter:Exit. ESC: Cancel

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-3

To set up Mail by accepting the defaults:

MAILSETUP's
Quick Installation
lets you set up
Mail by accepting
the defaults.

1. Use the direction keys III and III to move the cursor up and
down through the fields in the MAILSETUP screen.
2. Enter your user name.
3.

Enter the node name of your mail server.

Press I Ctrl/Return I to accept the defaults in the other
MAILSETUP fields.

Starting Mail
Once you have set up Mail, start Mail by entering the following
command at the DOS prompt:

c: \ MAIL
The Mail Login to Server window is displayed, as shown in
Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-2 Mail Login to Server Window
PATHWORKS MAIL
Read Send Folder Message Filter Group Other

[not logged in]
PgUp PgDn Help Quit

ReMote Login InforMation
Node naMe:

User naMe:

USERl

Password:
Press Ctrl-Enter when done. or ESC to cancel

03-Dec-90

08:07aM

The Mail Login to Server window contains the user name and
server name you entered in MAILSETUP.

9-4 Using Mail and Broadcast

To log in to Mail:
•

Press IReturn I to move to the Password field.
Note

You can also enter a different server name and user name
at the Login to Server window.

To cancel your
login, press IEscl.

•

Enter your password, which is not displayed on the screen.

•

Press I Ctrl/Return I.

The main menu of Mail is displayed. It is called the Browser.
Figure 9-3 shows an example of the Mail Browser.

Figure 9-3 Mail Browser
Information
Line
- . PATHWORKS MAIL vl.1S
SERUR1: :USERl
Menu Line - . Read Send Folder Message Filter Group Other
PgUp PgDn Help Quit
[1]
Current - . .
1 Bl-Nay-9B
FAD SERUR1:: USER2
I This is the first Message
[
Z]
Message
Z Bl-Nay-9B
SERUR1:: USER2
I This is the second Message

Message _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----1_
Flag

Status
Line - - . Direclul'':J of reMote folder
Prompt - - . Mail)

MAIL [2 MeSStlgesJ

No new Mail.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-5

Table 9-1 lists the Browser elements.
Table 9-1 Browser Screen Elements
Information line

Displays the version of Mail and the node name
and user name specified in MAILSETUP.

Menu bar

Displays the Mail menu options you can choose.

Current message

The right-pointing cursor (t» indicates the
current message. Mail performs most of its
functions on the current message.

Message list

The mail you have in your folder and information
about each piece of mail. You can sort the mail
in a variety of ways.

Message length

Indicates the number of lines for each message.

Status line

Includes further information about the mail, for
example, how it is sorted, which folder you are
looking in, or total number of messages.

Command line

Lets you enter commands instead of using a
menu to select Mail functions.

Message Flags

In the Browser, Mail uses message flags to indicate the status of
a message. Table 9-2 contains the different message flags you can
see for a message.
Table 9-2 Message Flags
Flag

What It Means

Blank

You have read the message but have not marked it, answered
it, deleted it, or highlighted it.

You have marked the current message.
Mail allows you to perform operations on marked messages,
such as move, copy, print, or extract all the marked messages
in a specific folder.

You answered the message.

You deleted the message.

You highlighted the message.

You have a new message you have not read.

9-6 Using Mail and Broadcast

Using the Browser
Use the mouse
or the direction
keys and
command line
to select Mail
commands.

You perform all Mail functions at the Browser screen, such as
reading and sending mail.
Select Mail functions in the Browser by using the mouse or the
direction keys, hot keys, and command line. You move around in
the Browser by using the keypad keys.

Using the Mouse

To use the mouse:
1.

Point to the menu you want.

Click and hold down the first mouse button, MBl, to display
the list of menu commands.

Drag the mouse pointer to the command you want. Release
the mouse button to initiate the command.

Using the Direction Keys and Hot Keys

To use the direction keys and hot keys:
1.

Press ITabl. Mail highlights the hot key for each menu. The
hot key for each menu is indicated by a letter in each menu
name that is displayed in bold type.

Press the hot key for the menu you want. Mail displays the
commands for that menu.

3. Use the direction arrows to move the pointer to the menu
selections of the menu bar. Press IReturn I to initiate the
command.
4.

Press IEsel to cancel the command.

Using the Mail Command Line

You can also type some of the menu commands at the Mail
command line. For example, to read a message:
1.

Make the message you want to read the current message.

2. At the command line, enter:
Mail> READ

Mail displays the current message.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-7

Moving in the Browser

To move around the Browser screen, use the keypad keys
described in Table 9-3.
Table 9-3 Moving in the Browser

rnlIl
IPgupll PgOn \

Moves one line up or down.

@ill1Pgupl

Moves to the top of the list.

@ill1PgOn\

Moves to the bottom of the list.

Makes the message it points to the current message.

Moves up or down an entire screen.

Initiates the command entered at the command line.

The following sections describe how to use Mail.

Using Mail's Default Editor
Mail provides an editor you use whenever you send, reply to,
annotate, or forward messages. To specify a different editor, such
as SEDT, refer to the Using a Callable Editor section of the Mail
User's Reference.
Use the key sequences listed in Table 9-4 when editing mail.
Table 9-4 Mail Editor Key Sequences
Key Sequence

Function

\CtrI/A\

Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.

ICtri/E I
rnlIl

Moves the cursor to the end of the line.

BEl

Moves the cursor one character left or right.

Moves the cursor one line up or down.

I Backspace I

Deletes the previous character.

ICtrl/KI

Deletes the line.

IPgUpl

Moves up one screen.
(continued on next page)

9-8 Using Mail and Broadcast

Table 9-4 (Cont.) Mail Editor Key Sequences
Key Sequence

Function

IPgDnl

Moves down one screen.

ICtrl/ZI

Sends the message and ends the editing session.

ICtrl/C

Cancels the message and ends the editing session.

Reading Mail
This section describes how to:
•

Read mail displayed on the Browser

•

Read new mail

•

Check for new mail

When you first access Mail, the Browser displays a list of mail
messages. The display includes all the messages in your Mail
folder. The status line tells you how many messages are waiting
to be read.
Reading Mail Displayed on the Browser

To read a mail message on the screen:
1.

Move the cursor ([> ) to select the message you want to read.

2. Press IReturn I.
The message you selected is displayed on the screen, as shown in
Figure 9-4.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-9

Figure 9-4 Reading a Mail Message
PATHWORKS MAIL

SERVR1: :USER1

Reply Send Delete Message Find
FrOM:
SERUR2::USER2
To:
SERUR1::USER1
CC:
Subj:
Lunch

Prev Next PgUp PgDn Help Dir
G-Dec-199B 9:3B

Scott.
Meet Me in the cafeteria at 12:15

Message 17 froM SERURZ::USERZ (3 lines)

B3-0ct-9B

11:1BaM

If there is another page to the mail message, press IReturn I to
display the next page.
If you have more messages to read, choose Next to read the next
message.

To return to the Browser, choose Dir.
Reading New Mail

If you receive a new message while you are in Mail, the personal
computer beeps and the Browser status line provides information
about the new message.
To read your new message:
1. In the Read menu, choose New messages to display the new
message.

2. If there is more than one new message, select Next to read
the others.
3. To exit a message you are reading, select Dir.

9-10 Using Mail and Broadcast

Checking for New Mail

Mail lets you check for new messages any time you are in the
Browser:
1.

In the Folder menu, choose Check for new Mail.

Check the status line. It displays the number of messages you
have, or tells you there is no new mail.

If you have new mail, the first new message is displayed on the
screen.

Sending Mail
You can send mail in many different ways. Mail lets you:
•

Reply to a message you are reading

•

Send a new message

•

Include a file in the message

•

Forward mail

•

Use distribution lists

Replying to Mail

While you are reading a message, you can reply to the sender as
follows:
1. With the message still on the screen, in the Send menu, select

Reply to current message.
Mail displays the original message and a space for you to
enter your reply. Use I Ctrl/PgUp I and I Ctrl/PgDn I to scroll through
the message.
Figure 9-5 shows an example of the Mail reply screen.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-11

Figure 9-5 Replying to a Mail Message
PATHWORKS MAIL
Deliver Save Include
FroM:
SERURl::USERI
To:
SERUR2::USER2
CC:
Subj:
Lunch

SERUR1: :USER1
ViewUp ViewDn Help Cancel
I-Dec-199B 10:10

Scott.
Meet Me in the cafeteria at 12.15
Message 0 froM SERURZ::USERZ (1 lines)
To:
SERURZ::USER2
Subj:
He: Lunch

Mail COMposition Window
03-0ct-90

Enter your reply.

Send your reply by pressing ICtrI/ZI.

10:41aM

Pressing ICtrl/zl also closes the composition window and redisplays the original message.
To cancel sending the me~sage, press ICtrIlCI. Mail returns to the
Browser.
Note

ICtri/C I cancels any mail operation.

9-12 Using Mail and Broadcast

Sending a New Message

To send mail to another user, you must know the user's mail
address. A mail address consists of a user's node name and user
name.
To send new mail:
1.

Select the Send menu, and choose Send new message.

At the To prompt, enter the address, for example:
SERVR2 : : USER2

You can send mail to more than one address. Separate
addresses with a comma. For example:
SERVR2: :USER2,SERVR1: :USER5,SERVR7: :USER3

3. At the Subject prompt, enter the message's subject.
4. Type your message.
Note ____________________

The message always looks exactly as you format it. Be
careful not to type beyond the margins of the screen.

If necessary, press E!] for Help.

Send the message by pressing ICtrl/zl.

Including a File in a Message

You can send a file as part of a mail message as follows:
1. Select Send new message.
2.

Complete the To and Subject fields.

3. While you are writing the message, put the cursor where you
want to insert the file.
4.

Choose Include from the menu.

5. At the prompt on the bottom of the screen, enter the name of
the file you want to include.
Mail includes the file in the message.
6.

Send the message and the file by pressing ICtrl/Z I.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-13

Mail displays:
Mail sent OK

Forwarding Mail
Mail lets you forward your mail to other users. You can send it as
is or you can add to the message.
To forward mail:
1. Make sure you make the message you want to forward the
current message.
2.

Choose Forward current message from the Send menu.
The message is displayed in a composition window.

3. At the prompts, enter the address to which you want to
forward the message and the subject description.
4.

If you want to add to the message, enter your comments before
or after the original message in the space provided.

Press ICtrl/ZI to send the message you are forwarding and close
the composition window.

Using Distribution Lists
Distribution lists
let you send
a message to
different users at
the same time.

You can specify distribution lists in Mail by using a:
•

Local distribution list stored on your personal computer

•

Remote distribution list stored on the mail server

Both of these lists must have the following characteristics:
•

Each line contains a single name.

•

Comments in the file start with an exclamation mark ( ! ).

•

The file extension is .DIS, .TXT, or .LIS. The default is .DIS.

9-14 Using Mail and Broadcast

The following example shows the nodes and users in the
GROUP.DIS file:
!Writers
SERVRl : : USER2
SERVRl : : USER6

!Engineers
SERVR3 : : USERl
SERVR3 : : USER4
SERVR3 : : USERS

!Managers
SERVRl: : USER2 2
SERVR3 : : USER3

If you store your mail files on your personal computer (local mail),
you can send a message to the group of users by entering the
distribution list name with an "at" sign (@). For example, to send
a new message to users listed in GROUP.DIS, enter:
To:

@GROUP

If you store your mail files on a remote server, begin the
distribution list name with a "number" sign (#) to send the
message. For example, enter:
To:

#GROUP

Respond to the remaining Mail prompts and enter your message
as usual.

Using Mail Folders
Mail folders help
you organize
your mail
messages.

Mail lets you organize your messages in folders by topic. Each
folder name must be different.
This section describes how to:
•

Create new folders

•

Use folders by moving messages into them

•

Display a list of folders to locate messages

Creating a New Folder

You create a new folder by moving a message into the folder.
Folders exist in Mail only if they contain messages.
To create a new folder:
1. Make the message you want in your new folder the current
message.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-15

In the Message menu, choose Mark. Mail marks the message
with an asterisk (*).

In the Group menu, choose Move marked messages to. Mail
displays the Folder list, as shown in Figure 9-6.

Figure 9-6 Mail Folder List
PATHWORKS MAIL
SERVRl::USERl
Read Send Folder Message Filter Group Other
PgUp pgDn Help Quit
[ 409]
•
1 22-May-90
SERUR1::USER1 I M~REPORT.TXT
[1149]
2 22-May-90
SERUR1::USER1 I M~FILE.EPS for kathy
3
NaMe
UMsgs
Description
=============i11127]
4
• (New ReMote Folder)
1149]
1097]
5
MAIL
** ReMote Folder **
1057]
o
MISe
** ReMote Folder **
1700]
7
WASTEBASKET
** ReMote Folder **
280]
8

Directory of reMote folder SERVRI [8 Messages]
Select or type a folder naMe & press ENTER.

03-0ct-90

10:42aM

Mail displays the Move specified messages to folder
prompt at the bottom of the screen.
4.

Select New Remote Folder. At the prompt, enter the new
folder name. Limit the folder name to 15 characters, and do
not include spaces.

5. Mail creates the new folder.
You can create up to 300 mail folders. You set the maximum
number of mail folders with MAILSETU.

9-16 Using Mail and Broadcast

Moving Messages

The procedure for moving messages from one folder to another is
similar to the one for creating a new folder.
To move a message:
1. Make the message you want to move the current message.

In the Message menu, choose Mark.
Mail marks the message, and the status line tells you which
message is marked. You can mark as many messages as you
want.

In the Group menu, choose Move marked messages to.
A list of folders is displayed.

Click on the folder you want.
The message is moved into that folder.
Note ____________________

Choose Copy to save the same message in more than one
place.

Displaying the Folder List

To display the list of Mail folders, in the Folder menu select
Display folder list. Mail displays a folder list similar to the one
shown in Figure 9-6.
Note ____________________

If you move or delete all the messages in a folder, Mail
automatically deletes the folder. The folder name is not
displayed in the Mail folder list.

Extracting Mail
Save files in
your DOS
directory with
the EXTRACT
command.

You can extract a message out of Mail, and save it as a file in
your DOS directory. For example, if someone mailed you the
file REPORT.TXT, you can extract it and save the file in your
directory.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-17

To extract mail:
1.

Make the message current.

In the Message menu, choose Extract.

At the Mail prompt, enter a name for the file. Specify a path
for the directory if you want the file to go into a different
directory from the one you were in when you entered Mail. A
path is a listing of the drives and directories your personal
computer searches through to find a file when you enter a
command at the DOS prompt.
For example, to extract REPORT.TXT into the subdirectory
DESKTOP, enter:
Extract specified messages to: C:\DESKTOP\REPORT.TXT

Mail copies the file to the specified directory.

Deleting Messages
Mail indicates messages are marked for deletion by preceding
them with the letter D. A marked message is then removed with
the PURGE command.
To mark a message you want to delete:
1. Make the message you want to delete current.
2.

In the Message menu, choose Delete. Mail marks the
message with the letter D.

3. To display a list of all messages marked for deletion, choose
Deleted messages in the Filter menu.
To completely remove the messages you marked for deletion, go to
the Other menu, and choose Purge deleted messages.

Caution
Messages that have been purged cannot be retrieved.

Mail deletes the marked messages, and displays a message that it
has purged them.

9-18 Using Mail and Broadcast

Suspending Mail
Mail lets you suspend your Mail session to return to the DOS
prompt as follows:
1.

In the Other menu, choose Suspend Mail.
Mail is suspended, and the DOS prompt is displayed.

2. To return to Mail, at the DOS prompt, enter:

c: \> Exit
The Mail screen is redisplayed.

Exiting Mail
To exit Mail and return to the system prompt, select Quit.
Mail returns you to the DOS prompt.

Getting Help
Mail provides online help for all Mail functions.
To get help:
1. Select Help.
2.

Then either:
•

Use the mouse to click on the topic
or

•

Use the arrow keys to highlight a topic and press IReturn I.

Mail displays a window with information about the topic you
selected.
3.

Use the direction keys to move forward and backward through
the Help windows.

4. To return to the previous screen, or to exit Help, press IEscl.
Figure 9-7 shows an example of a Help window.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-19

Figure 9-7 Mail Help
PATHWORKS MAIL
Read Send Folder Message Filter Group Other

1. 1

1.2
1.3

Mail Modes
Mail Capabilities
Starting Mail

1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.G
1.3.7

SERUR1::USER1
PgUp PgDn Help Quit
0[14G9]
. [1149]
0[ 1127]
13[ 1149]
0[1097]
, [HIS7]

,[170G]
[ 280]

Using Mail's COMMand ProMpt
Moving Around in the Browser
Checking for New Mail
Getting Help
Reading ~our Mail
Filtering Mail Messages
Editing Mail Messages

Directory of reMote folder USER1 [8 Messages]
Select iteM to get help On, or press ESC to exit

03-0ct-90

10:44aM

Broadcast Messages
Broadcast messages are sent to and from users on the network.
You can send and receive broadcast messages on your personal
computer. A broadcast message is always brief (it is limited to 128
characters).
The RCV utility (or the TRCV utility for the TCP/IP transport)
lets you receive broadcast messages and mail notification. The
BCAST utility lets you send messages.
Note

The RCV or TRCV utility must be loaded when you
configure your personal computer.

When you receive a broadcast message, it is displayed at the
bottom of the screen. Unlike mail messages, broadcast messages
cannot be replied to.

9-20 Using Mail and Broadcast

The following example shows a typical broadcast message.
FROM --SERVRl: : SYSTEM
The network will be closed down all weekend.
See the system administrator if this is a problem.
<Alt Q Quit>

<Msg-3>

The broadcast message includes:
•
•

The sender's node name and user name. In the example, the
message was sent by the system manager.
The key sequence necessary to remove the message (Quit),

IAltiol.
•

The key sequence necessary to see the next message, if any,

IAltiNI.
•

The number of messages if there are more than one. In the
example, there are three messages.

Reading a Broadcast Message
If you receive more than one broadcast message at a time, you
can flip through the messages. Broadcast retains as many as 10
messages at a time; after that, new messages supersede the old.
For example, if you received four broadcast messages, and you
want to read them later, press IAltiol. To recover the messages you
received, enter:
C:\> RCV /D

Sending a Broadcast Message
You can send broadcast messages to be displayed on the personal
computers you specify.
For example, to broadcast a message to USERl, USER2, and
USERI2, at the DOS prompt, enter:
C:\> BCAST USERl, USER2, USER12 Meeting in Conference Room at 2:00 P.M.

For more information about sending broadcast messages, ask your
system administrator. Or refer to the Client Commands Reference.

Using Mail and Broadcast 9-21

A
International -

Multilingual Support

PATHWORKS for DOS software supports seven languages:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

American English
Dutch
French
German
Italian
Spanish
Swedish
Note

For any language except American English, your system
administrator

You can switch languages at any time with PATHWORKS for
DOS. You can also use the PATHWORKS applications such as
Mail, SEDT, SETHOST, and PC DECwindows Motif, in any of the
seven languages available without having to connect to a different
server or reboot your personal computer.
Note ___________________

Not all applications are provided in all languages.

International -

Multilingual Support A-1

When you are using a specific language in PATHWORKS, the
prompts, menus, and commands are presented in that language.
In addition, some applications let you change the keyboard to
provide all the necessary alphabetic and accented characters for
writing in that language.
When you log in to PATHWORKS, the language that you use as
your primary language is established by the system administrator
when your user account is set up on the server. If you want to
change your primary language at any time, consult your system
administrator.
If you do not log in to PATHWORKS (and therefore do not access
your user profile), the default language is English.
In either case, use the following procedure to switch to another
language.

Switching to a Different Language
You can switch among the available languages and use different
applications in different languages.
To use a different language:
1. If you have not already done so, connect to a system file
service; for example PCSAV41.
2.

Enter the LANG command. For example, if you want to use
French, enter:

c: \> LANG FR
This command automatically puts the FR subdirectory on your
path.
Your personal computer becomes a French-language personal
computer.
3. Start an application such_as:
•

MAIL

•

SETHOST

• PC DECwindows Motif
You can now use the French version of the application.

A-2 International -

Multilingual Support

The commands for the seven languages are:
Language

Command

American English

LANG US

Dutch

LANGNL

French

LANGFR

German

LANG DE

Italian

LANG IT

Spanish

LANGES

Swedish

LANGSE

Returning to Your Primary Language
Once you are finished using an alternate language, you can
change back to the primary language.
For example, if your primary language was Dutch, enter the
following command to change back to that language:

c: \> LANG NL
This command removes the other language from your path and
your default primary language is returned.

Specifying Languages for Different Applications
You can specify different languages for different PATHWORKS
applications. When you leave the application, you are returned
to your primary language. For example, you can use MAIL in
Spanish, SETHOST in French, and SEDT in English.
To use an application in another language, enter the language
command followed immediately by the application name.
For example, to use MAIL in Spanish, enter:
c:\> LANG ES MAIL
Or, to use SETHOST in French, enter:
C:\> LANG FR SETHOST

When you exit the application, your primary language or the
language you were previously using is restored.

International -

Multilingual Support A-3

Glossary
The terms that appeared in the text of this book in boldface are
explained in this glossary. Additional computer-related terms are
also explained here.
access (v.)

To use a resource, such as a printer, directory, or disk drive.
access control (n.)

The mechanism for validating the right to use a resource or
service, such as a connection, logon, or file access, stored on or
connected to a server. A user name and password combination is
the most common means of access control.
access control entry (ACE) (n.)

In a VMS access control list (ACL), one identifier and its
associated access rights to a service or resource. See also access
control list.
access control list (ACL) (n.)

In the VMS environment, a list that defines users' rights to use a
resource, file, or service.
account (n.)

A set of information on a computer system that allows users
access to a multiuser or networked computer. It includes the
user's name, often a password, other identifiers, a list of services
and privileges the user is allowed, and files belonging to the user.
ACE (n.)

See access control entry.

Glossary-1

ACL (n.)

See access control list.
actual length (n.)

The length of a VMS file in bytes as determined by the file server.
See also estimated length.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) (n.)

A TCP/IP utility that lists the hardware (or IP) addresses and
their corresponding Ethernet addresses for nodes on the Internet.
alias (n.)

An alternate name for a resource, such as a service, used to refer
to several identical resources by the same name. It is also used to
refer to the same service by alternate names.
alphanumeric (adj.)

Pertaining to the characters A through Z and zero (0) through
nine (9).
ambiguous device name (n.)

The next available device name for the type of device to which
users can connect.
API (n.)

See application programming interface.
append path (n.)

A search path that is used to tell DOS where to search for
executable files in the directory structure. See also search path
and path name.
application (n.)

A program used for a particular kind of work, such as word
processing or database management.
application disk service (n.)

A virtual disk that contains application software. See also disk
service.

Glossary-2

application file service (n.)
A file service that contains application software.
application package (n.)
A set of software application programs that can be used
individually or can be shared.
application programming interface (API) (n.)
A standard or proprietary software interface with a network or
operating system. Examples of APIs are NETBIOS and Basic
LAN Manager.
area (n.)
In networking, a group of interrelated nodes.
ASCII (n.)

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A set of
8-bit, binary numbers representing the alphabet, punctuation,
numerals, and other symbols used to represent text.
Also, a file that is in binary format. See also binary.

asynchronous communication (n.)
The method of transmitting data one character at a time over
a serial interface. Asynchronous communication can work
locally or through a modem. Timing between bits is constant;
timing between characters is variable. (Also called start-stop
transmission. )
back up (v.)
To copy the contents of an entire disk, directory, or file.
backup (n.)
A copy of the contents of an entire disk, directory, or file.
BCAST (n.)

See Broadcast utility.

Glossary-3

binary (adj.)

Pertaining to a numbering system that uses a base of 2; it uses
only two digits, 1 and O.
Also, a file type that is in binary format. See also ASCII.
boot (v.)

(Short for bootstrap.) To run or initiate a program that loads the
operating system into memory and starts or restarts the computer.
boot image (n.)

The minimum set of instructions needed to start and run a
computer, including device drivers, directory structures, and
memory management; also, the file containing these instructions.
boot media (n.)

The diskette, hard disk, or virtual disk that contains the startup
files. See also key diskette and network key disk.
broadcast message (n.)

A message sent to personal computer users on the network. Users
cannot respond to this message.
Broadcast utility (n.)

A program that enables one-way communication to personal
computer users on the network.
Browser (n.)

Part of the Mail application. The Browser is a directory of mail
or mail folders through which you can look to find a particular
message.
buffer (n.)

A temporary storage place in volatile memory for data. An
example is the paste buffer in the SEDT text editor.
button (n.)

An on-screen control that users can click on to choose an action or
option or to set a state.
click (v.)

To quickly press and release a mouse button.
Glossary-4

click on (v.)

To quickly press and release the mouse button while the pointer is
on an active object.
client (n.)

A personal computer or workstation, connected to the network
with PATHWORKS, that can access resources on a server. A
client can have DOS, OS/2, or Macintosh software.
Hardware or software that receives resources from a server. See
also server.
client profile (n.)

Files created by the configuration process that contain information
to start the client workstation and that define the workstation's
hardware and software components.
close (v.)

In printing, to send an application's print request to the printer
assigned to the application.
command (n.)

An instruction issued to a computer operating system or
application.
command line (n.)

That area of the screen in which commands are entered and
displayed.
common file service (n.)

A file service used to store files that many users can share and
update. An example of a common file service is PCCOMMON.
computername (n.)

In LAN Manager, a server or workstation. A computer is known
on the network by its unique computername.
configuration (n.)

The set of hardware, hardware options, and software on a
computer or network.

Glossary-5

configure (v.)
To select, install, and customize hardware and software for a
computer or network.
connectivity (no)
In a network, the ability to connect one node to another node.

context file (no)
An ASCII file that contains information about network
connections.

CTERM (no)
Digital Command Terminal. A network protocol that provides
local and wide area network services to computers for VT terminal
emulation. CTERM is one of the possible protocols used in the
SETHOST and VT320 terminal emulator utilities. See also
SETHOST, LAT, NET and Telnet.
current directory (n.)
The directory in which you are currently working. Sometimes
called the default directory.
current focus (no)
In the LAN Manager Screen, the server or workstation that is the
focus of activity.
current folder (no)
In Mail, the folder in which you are currently working.
In Macintosh Mail, the current folder is the directory.

current message (no)
In the Mail Browser, the message to which the right-pointing
cursor is pointing.
In Macintosh Mail, the current message is highlighted.

cursor (no)
The blinking line or shape on the screen that indicates where the
next user input will be displayed.

Glossary-6

DECnet (n.)

Digital networking software that runs on server and client
nodes in both local area and wide area networks. With DECnet,
different types of computers that have different operating systems
can be connected, and users can access information and services
on a remote computer.
DECnet is a networking protocol and transport. See also TCP / IP.
DECnet link (n.)

A virtual or logical connection between a client and a server or
between two nodes in the network.
DECnet node database (n.)

The file that contains information about the network nodes with
which a computer communicates.
default (n.)

The value assumed by a program if a value is not supplied by the
user.
DEPCA (n.)

Digital Ethernet Personal Computer Adapter. An Ethernet
controller used to connect personal computers to the network as
clients. (Also called DEC EtherWORKS.)
destination (n.)

The drive, file, or media to which a user is copying or moving
information. Also called target. See also source.
device (n.)

A hardware component that performs a specific function. A
keyboard is an input device; a printer is an output device; a
terminal is an inputJoutput device. See also logical device.
device driver (n.)

See driver.
dialog box (n.)

A window displayed in response to user action that presents
choices for further action. You must choose an action to continue
working.
Glossary-7

Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DDCMP) (n.)

A workstation configuration that lets a workstation run
asynchronous communications. See also asynchronous
communications.
directory (n.)

A list of a set of files stored on a storage device such as a file
service or disk.
disk server (n.)

A network program that allocates space on a VMS disk where
users can store, create, and maintain files. This space is called
a virtual disk. Disk services are available only on VMS servers
accessed with the DECnet transport. See also disk service and
virtual disk.
disk service (n.)

A service located on a VMS server that looks like a VMS file on a
server, and lets users access it as if it were a local DOS disk drive.
The service may contain more than one DOS file. A disk service
gives multiple users fast access to read-only files, and gives one
user fast access to read-write files. See also disk server.
distribution list (n.)

A file that contains the node names and user names of the people
to whom you want to send mail messages.
dos2ult (n.)

An ULTRIX utility that converts ASCII files from a DOS format
to an ULTRIX format. See also ult2dos.
double click (v.)

To click the mouse button twice rapidly while the cursor is on an
active object.
drag (v.)

To move an object by pointing at it with the pointer, pressing and
holding down a mouse button, and moving the mouse.

Glossary-8

driver (n.)

A background software program typically dedicated to the control
of a device or resource on a personal computer. For example, a
mouse requires a mouse driver.
DWDOS286 (n.)

One of the X servers for PC DECwindows Motif X server. See also

DWDOS386 and X server.
DWDOS386 (n.)

One of the X servers for PC DECwindows Motif X server. See also

DWDOS286 and X server.
echo (v.)

To repeat received data to the sender. For example, when the
user presses keys on the keyboard, the keystrokes are echoed as
characters on the screen. See also line echo.
end node (n.)

A network node that sends and receives network messages but
cannot route packets intended for other nodes.
Ethernet address (n.)

An alphanumeric string, six bytes in length, that identifies a node
on the Ethernet. The string is six pairs of hexadecimal digits,
separated by hyphens, (for example, AA-OO-04-00-91-27).
Ethernet controller (n.)

A variety of network controller for the transmission and reception
of data between a workstation or server and the Ethernet
network. For example, a DEPCA is an Ethernet controller for
a personal computer that is connected to the network. See also

network controller.
FAL (n.)

File Access Listener. A DECnet utility that runs on your personal
computer and monitors the network for requests from other users
for your files.
File Access Listener (n.)

SeeFAL.

Glossary-9

file line (no)
In SEDT, the first line on the screen. The file line contains
information about the displayed file.

file server (no)

A network program that lets a client connect to available file and
printer services.
file service (no)

Directories, subdirectories, and files on a file server. Users can
use network commands from a client to access a file service and
then store and retrieve data. A file service provides read/write
access to applications and services for many users simultaneously.
See also shared directory.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (no)

A TCP/IP utility that lets you transfer binary and text files to and
from any host computer supporting TCP/IP.
folder (no)
In Mail, a group of messages.

Folder Browser (no)
In Mail, the screen that contains the names and descriptions of all
folders.

form (no)
In printing, a characteristic that specifies the physical layout of
the page. Types of forms are landscape, portrait, and enhanced.

format (vo)
In the context of disks, to divide a disk into tracks and sectors,
label those tracks and sectors for future reference, and create
a directory structure in order to make the disk ready to accept
new data and programs. The type of formatting done depends
upon which operating system will use the disk. Formatting a disk
destroys any data previously stored on the disk.

generic queue (no)

A logical name for a physical queue. See also physical queue.

Glossary-10

group (n.)

In system administration, a collection of users who have the
same access to file services. Once users have accounts, they
can be assigned to a group. With one command, the system
administrator can assign and modify access for all users in the
group.
help line (n.)

In Mail, a line describing a command. The help line is directly
below a selected command on the menu bar.
highlight (n.)

A box, shading, reverse video, or other graphic technique used
to emphasize a menu option, current selection, text, or a current
location of the input focus.
host system (n.)

A computer, such as a server, that provides services to clients.
hot key (n.)

A key you press to display and choose options in a pulldown
menu. Each hot key is a letter displayed in bold type.
icon (n.)

A graphics symbol that represents an application, object, process,
or window.
icon bar (n.)

In DECwindows Motif, the portion of the Window Manager that
contains the icons for all open applications.
icon box (n.)

In DEC windows Motif, the window that contains icons
representing the available applications.
initial workstation diskette (n.)

The first key diskette created for the workstation as part of the
client installation procedure. Copy the initial key diskette before
modifying it to create key diskettes for other workstations. See
also key diskette.

Glossary-11

Internet (n.)
A group of networks that includes regional networks and local
networks at universities and commercial institutions. See also
DECnet and TCP /IP.
Job Spawner (n.)

A DECnet utility that runs as a background task and handles
requests to your personal computer from other DEC net utilities.
keyboard mapping (n.)
The definition of keys stored in a file and used by an application.
The file associates the key you press with the application's
interpretation of that key.
key diskette (n.)

A diskette that is used to start up the personal computer or
workstation and make network connections. The key diskette
stores files with configuration information, optional user-specific
information, and some DOS utilities. The key diskette is a type of
boot media. See also boot media and initial workstation diskette.
keycode (n.)

The hexadecimal number assigned to a key for identification,
regardless of how the key is defined or mapped.
keysym files (n.)

Files containing keyboard mapping information.
LAD (n.)

Local area disk. Digital's virtual disk software on a local area
network. LAD provides high-performance disk services to DOS
and OS/2 clients connecting to a VMS server. See also virtual
disk.
LAN (n.)

Local area network. A self-contained network that offers a
high-speed, reliable communication channel. LAN s span a limited
distance, such as a building or cluster of buildings, but can be
connected to WANs with bridge devices.

GlossarY-12

landscape (adj.)

In printing, pertaining to a VMS form in which the text or image
is parallel to the long side of the paper. See also enhanced and
portrait.
LAN Manager (n.)

A software program from Microsoft that manages network tasks
and coordinates communication between clients and servers.
LAN Manager Screen (n.)

LAN Manager's menu-oriented screen interface that lets you
manage connections to network services.
LAST (n.)

Local Area System Transport. The network protocol used by the
virtual disk server to send and receive data between computers.
LAST provides LAN services to LAD drives.
LAT (n.)

Local area transport. A character-oriented communications
protocol that operates on a LAN to permit communication between
nodes and other devices such as terminals, printers, and modems.
See also LAN and SETHOST.
LATCP (n.)

LAT Control Program. A utility that allows the management of
LAT services from the cHen t.
LAT n,ode (n.)

A computer that has LAT software and can offer services, access
services, or both. A LAT node can be either a PC, a terminal
server or a service node. See also service node and terminal server.
LAT service (n.)

Any service offered on the LAT; a terminal service is the most
common type of LAT services.
learning mode (n.)

In some text editors, a process that defines a sequence of
keystrokes and associates them with a single key. Learning mode
enables the text editor to automate repetitive edits.

Glossary-13

line echo (n.)

A state in which whatever is displayed on the client screen is
simultaneously sent to the default printer. The screen display is
echoed on the printed page. See also echo.
link (n.)

The logical network connection to a computer or to an application.
list box (n.)

A part of a dialog box that displays a list, such as a list of
available files, from which you can select.
local (adj.)

Stored on or connected to a client computer, such as a file or a
printer. Local is the opposite of being available over a network.
See also remote.
local area disk (n.)

See LAD.
Local Area Transport (n.)

See LAT.
local boot (n.)

A process in which a client operating system is loaded and started
locally from either the hard disk or a key diskette. See also
remote boot.
local printer (n.)

A printer that is connected directly to a client. See also remote
printer.
logical (adj.)

Nonphysical. For example, logical can refer to a name in the
software that represents a hardware device. Sometimes called a
logical name. See also logical device.
logical device (n.)

A software name that identifies a hardware device for use by an
application or program.

Glossary-14

log file (n.)
A text file that contains messages describing events that occur
during operation. Log files are updated frequently during
operation and are useful for tracing system operation and
errors. Log files are created by file servers, X servers, and many
applications and utilities.
log on (v.)
To enter a user name and a password that identify the user and
start the session. (Also called log in.)
LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4 (n.)

The default logical device names for local parallel printers. LPT1
is the default logical identification for the client local printer port.
Mail (n.)
A utility that lets users exchange messages with other users on
the network.
mail address (n.)
In Mail, a user's node name and user name.
marked message (n.)
In Mail, a message you designate with the "Mark a message"
command. Certain Mail processes can be run on the group of
marked messages.
MB1, MB2, MB3 (n.)

Mouse button 1, mouse button 2, mouse button 3, respectively.
Usually, MB1 is the left mouse button, MB2 the center button,
and MB3 the right button; however, users can redefine the setup.
menu (n.)
A pull-down or pop-up list of available options. A menu takes the
place of typed commands.
message (n.)
In Mail, text you create with an editor that you can then send to
other users on the network. Also, text sent to you by another user.

Glossary-15

message area (n.)
The last line on the SEDT screen. The SEDT editor uses this line
to display prompts and informational messages.
message box (n.)
A dialog box that displays warnings and questions requiring
immediate action, the current status of work in progress, and
error messages.
message flag (n.)
In Mail, a code displayed next to a message indicating the status
of that message.
mode line (n.)
In SEDT, the second line from the bottom of the screen. This line
displays the current or default state of SEDT options.
modem (n.)
Shortened form of Modulator/Demodulator. A device that converts
computer signals into signals that can be sent and received over a
telephone line.
mouse (n.)
A pointing device that, when moved across a surface, causes a
corresponding movement of the pointer on the screen. A mouse
can have one or more buttons.
move (v.)
In DECwindows Motif, to delete text from one location and to put
it in another location in the same window, another window, or
another application.
multicast (adj.)
Pertaining to a type of network addressing that enables a node
to send messages to any node on the network that has been
configured to recognize a multicast address. See also Broadcast
message and service announcement.
NCP (n.)

See Network Control Program.

Glossary-16

NDIS (no)

The Network Device Interface Specification written jointly by
Microsoft Corporation and 3Com Corporation. By supporting
NDIS, Digital enables any personal computer vendor's Ethernet
controller to work under PATHWORKS for DOS software.
NetBEUI (no)

NETBIOS Extended User Interface. N etBEUI is a local area
network transport that lets users share resources. See also
DECnet and TCP / IP.
NETSTAT (no)

A TCP/IP utility that shows the status of the network.
network (no)

A group of servers, clients, and devices that are connected to each
other by communications lines to share information and resources.
network adapter (n.)

See network controller.
network controller (no)

A combination of hardware, firmware, and software that controls
the transmission and reception of data between a workstation or
server and the network. For example, a DEPCA is an Ethernet
network controller that connects a personal computer to the
network. Also known as a network adapter.
Network Control Program (NCP) (no)

A DECnet utility used to monitor, manage, and configure network
nodes.
Network File Transfer (NFT) (no)

A DECnet utility used to transfer files on a DECnet network.
network path (no)

A means of identifying and locating services on the network. A
network path consists of the server name and service name.
network topology (no)

The configuration of wires, cables, and nodes in a network.

Glossary-17

NFT (no)

See Network File Transfer.
node (no)

An individual computer, such as a server or client, that can
communicate with other computers in a network.
node address (no)

A unique numerical identification of a node in a network. A node
address includes the area and node number.
node name (no)

A name uniquely identifying a node within a network. The node
name must be alphanumeric and contain at least one alphabetic
character.
In DECnet, a valid node name is one to six characters in length.
An example of a DECnet node name is SERVR7.
In TCPIIP, a valid node name is one to sixteen characters in
length, separated from its domain specification by a period.
An example of a valid TCP/IP node name (including a domain
specification) is alberteinstein.princeton.edu.
node number (no)

A number uniquely identifying a specific node in the area.
nontransparent file access (no)

File access through protocol stack utilities such as NFT or FTP.
options menu (no)

In DECwindows Motif, a menu that allows users to customize
aspects of the application.
panning (vo)

To move parts of the virtual screen area into your viewing area
with your pointing device.

Glossary-18

parallel (adj.)
In data transmissions, pertaining to a method of information
transfer in which all bits in a character are transmitted
simultaneously, rather than sequentially, on different lines or
channels. See also serial.
parallel port (n.)
The hardware component used to connect a client to a device that
uses parallel data transmission, such as a parallel printer.
parallel printer (n.)
A printer that has a parallel data communications interface. See
also parallel port.
parameter (n.)
One or more variables that are passed to a program or command
before execution. A parameter can be a file specification, option,
or device name.
In the following example, filename.txt and LPT1: are parameters
of the NET PRINT command:
NET PRINT filename. txt LPT!: