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MAINDEC-8E-XBINA-A-D

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Document:	maindec-8e-xbina-a-d
Order Number:	MAINDEC-8E-XBINA-A-D
Revision:
Pages:	20
Original Filename:	https://svn.so-much-stuff.com/svn/trunk/pdp8/src/dec/maindec-8e-xbina/maindec-8e-xbina-a-d.pdf

OCR Text

PRODUCT

CODE:

PRODUCT

NAME:

DEC-8E-XBINA-A-D

Self-Starting Binary
User's

DATE

CREATED:

MAINTAINER:

March

Manual

1972

Development

1972

Loader

First

Printing

March,

(:)

1972

by Digital Equipment Corporation

in this book
is for information purposes
and is subject to change
without notice.
The material

PDP

registered

trademark of

Corporation, Maynard,

Digital Equipment

Massachusetts.

1972

CHAPTER

ABSTRACT

EQUIPMENT
MEMORY

REQUIREMENTS

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

With

the

MI8-E

With

the

Switch

Bootstrap Loader

Checksum Errors

Special Conditions
PAPERTAPE

FORMAT

GENERATING

TAPES

LOADED

WITH

BIN

SELF-STARTING

1.1

from

the

reader.

high speed

will

2.1

EQUIPMENT

The

started

reader

papertape
MI8-E

3.1

loader

the

data

fl, will

4.1

break

data

reader

speed
the

supplied

PDP-8/M with either

12-bit

reader.

low

may

Speed
used with

given
object

this

the

affects

same

locations

may

loaded

loader

the

Data

the

one

RIM

these

The

second

7777

one

long

the

Use

field.

7746-7755

into

field

fields

for

use

for

part,

object tape,

document.

use

with

program

first part

tapes is described in

object program

below

the

than

which

field,

any memory

7756-7776

BIN.

the

MI8-E,

location

and

is
see

separated
or

data

without
switch

not

the

fi-7.

switch

section

the

from SS

two

BIN

loaded.

In-

and

and without

attached

section

special

BIN

program

high speed

reside

locations

and

low

Loader.

format.

are

MI8—E.

later

PC8-E

format

leader/trailer,
structions

stores

the

INSTRUCTIONS

The

papertape

the

PDP—8/E

loaded with

part tape.

with

may

affect

not

completion

facility,

OPERATING

BIN

and

address

starting

reads

either

REQUIREMENTS

field.

RIM

from

occupies locations 76¢fl-7755

BIN

memory

the

(RIM)

Bootstrap

MEMORY

The

requires

BIN

papertape

format

binary

(SS BIN)

Loader

Self-Starting Binary

words

(SS BIN)

LOADER

ABSTRACT

The

BINARY

the

there

conditions

With

4.1.1

Place

the

selected

the main

switch

by moving

from

the

result

Set

the

Press

object

used,

the

essential

that

the

front
will

This

which will

BIN,

start

ON—LINE.

position.

load

turn

START.

left

is
the

Introduction

leader/trailer

program.

(If

the

pro-

object

the

and

used,

field

reader

set

and

data

control
control

field

the

and

7756,

its

which

used,

ON-LINE.

the

field of

EXTD

the

by 11,
ADDR

turn

field number

pressing

START.

head

read

the
to

Programming,

under

BIN

reader

apprOpriate

low Speed reader

the

by multiplying

switch

the

described

done

for

ON—LINE

the

RIM

setting

LOAD.

starting address

loader.

ADDR

program.

will be

started.

halt

the

tor

(AC)

set

CLEAR,

LOAD,

It will

loader.

10wer

and

loader

instruction

the

control

RIM

reader.

reader

RIM

the

initial

This

loader.

it is

present,

procedure

switch

the

Set

It will

read head

Switch Register

that

the

high Speed
3.

control

the

over

starting address).

selected

main

the

object program

certain

Place

down

BIN

the

Appendix

located

the

its

set

used,

load

With the

This

reader

loader.

El.

the

and

reader

Speed

RIM

memory.

low

the

start

4.1.2

switch,

Specify

switch

gram

the

ON-LINE

reader

itself,

start

the

and

load

leader/trailer

reader.

Activate

panel,

Bootstrap Loader

initial

the

high Speed
2.

MI8—E

the

starting

beginning
to

which will

load

BIN,

address

starting
the

final

start

the

RIM

itself

and

load

the

Specified,

the

program

Start

was

address

will

This

CONTinue.

and

was

specified,

BIN

will

leader/trailer with the accumula-

4.1.3

Checksum Errors

end

the

used

and

punched
must

agree.

with

the

BIN

fault

the

they

not,

with

the

load

there

press

CONTinue.

equal

the

last

tape

reader.

The

two

and

was

totals
BIN

halts

started.

not

The

the

equal

the

same

number

with

the

tape.

number,

the

appropriate

different

non-zero

the

tape

probably

the

after

load

was

starting

there

the

pro-

program

the

Place

good

tape in the reader

and

BIN will

remain

the

first

in memory

address

unless

Specified,

halt with
it must be

present,

loaded with

locations

switch

attached may be

loaded

later

purpose.

again

tapes

addi—

the

MIS-E

are

used

tape.

has

BIN will

BIN, may be

halted with

loader

manner

BIN

preceded by

same

starting

switch

the

additional

are

BIN

and

tapes,

another

loaded.

tional

76fifi-7745

present,

for

tapes without

by placing them in

the

reader

7777.

not

attached

the

object tape,

following procedure

followed:

may

Examine the

BIN

tape.

Carefully aemove

any

tape after the

leader/trailer which contains characters other than leader/

trailer
and

the

fl.

final

equal

step 5 above.
If

the

is
1

step

fault

the

good.

was

switch

equal

the

BIN.

BIN

calculations.

program

the

when

been made

the

with

again

they may be loaded

loaded,

and

the

Special Conditions

4.1.4

has

error

beginning

halts

probably with
the

specified,

reloaded,
BIN

loaded

being

check-

papertape format.

once

the

called

read

were

calculated

was

code

section

the

holes

same

difference

the

to
was

previous load,

halts

tape.
is

address

the

equal

starts,

should be

cedure.

frame

two

explained in

again

starting
tape

the

punched

were

determine

binary tape

calculation

Its

sum.

each

blank

squarely.

tape.

With

sure

scissors

the

remove

end of

the

last

tape is

torn

smoothly

inch of sprocket holes,

the

which

example

mation

channels

acters

from

being

follows.

the

tape.

read

from

DHHTAL

Load

the

end

EQUIPMENT

tape has

run

computer will

CORPORATION

described

the

reader,

Remove

reader

STOP;

the

switch

set

high speed

for

on).

Teletype reader is being used,

the

char—

light

infor—

will

(the

PROGRA

procedure

out

not

the

tape.

RUN

the

any

extraneous

prevent

the

according

the

When

but

halt,

alone

BIN

load.

normal

will

This

into

cut

not

reader

the

BIN

tape and insert the object program tape with

leader/trailer

blank

switch

the

reader

speed

BIN

reader

5.1

PAPERTAPE

and

the

Teletype is

tape will

tape has

not

been

off

turned

loaded
it may

trimmed,

if
the

still

OFF-LINE.

the
the

reader

high

usual way.
be

used,

but

step 3 before the end of the

BIN

FORMAT

expect the papertapes

Leader/trailer

Self-starting Binary

Checksum of

Leader/trailer

Set

ON—LINE

reached.

used

The

switch

the

set

tape under the read head.

used.

must

tape

RIM

START

being used,

Program
is

(ASCII

Zflfl).

loader

BIN

blank

two

the

origin setting

started

the

Checksum of

Leader/trailer.

following

leader/trailer.

end

origin setting.

field other than the field
begin with a field setting.
of

the

program,

BIN.

program

format:

format.

beginning with

the

tape.

RIM

frames

loaded into a
loaders, it must also

code

loaded,

portion

the

tape.

There

are

small
a

printed side

the

holes

are

the

(or columns)

channels

vertically, with

held
on

the

arrows

channel

Sprocket

pointing

the

holes.

papertape..

rightmost
In

the

leftmost

the

up,

tape is

the

channel

channel
1

examples,

The

signifies

punched hole.

Examples of format:

TAPE

87
10

CHANNEL

654
000

S
.

321

MEANING

NOTES

leader/trailer

There

000

should be

least

inch where

re—

quired.
11

011

000

field

Channels

setting

field

7 and 8 identify
Channels
setting.

and

contain

number of the
this case, 3.
01

000

011

010

Channel

origin setting

100

identifies

Channels
2, l of

origin setting.
6,

and

the

field;

both

frames
address; in

indicate
this

the

case,

0234.
00

111

101

110

word

data

frames are necessary
12 bit data word.

Two

100

for

each

Channels
not

are

itself must be

BIN

words

are

alternated

111

000

100

010

111

000

111

100

RIM

the

format.’

length

This

the

origin

tape;

for

example:

011

data

4323

011
110

origin

7601

data

7041

loader

the

previous origin.

The

object tape

places

must
or

each

with a'field

location

into

the

format.

should

origin setting.

data word

binary

that

word

setting

and

each

means

7600

RIM

the

origin

001
000
001

case,

110
000

The

origin setting

in
for

and

punched.

this

7654.
and

data

specified by

begin

with

Until

field

same

field

will

til

origin

the

object

may

given
be

should

tion

field and data

object

setting,

preceded by

field

B of the

field

data

BIN,

the

program

setting.

the

field

equal

the

field of

sum

the

field

set—

loaded.

address

the

checksum.

transfer
the

field specified

BIN

loaded,

starting

BIN will

un-

field

indicated with

address

The

the

that

notice

field.

same

field

started

7777

origin

following

found.

the

Successive

origin.

Origin setting immediately preceding

trol

the

location

into which

program is

the

following

locations

sequential

After

be placed in

that

specified by

location

specify

data

leader/trailer

boundaries.

page

used

placed

prOgram will

the

first word of

location

the

will be

found,

The

continues with

loading
ting

placed

another

taken

BIN.

data words

setting

con—

instruc-

the

latest

settings

were

found.

The

checksum

the

leader/trailer

7654 would be

bits

data word

loaded,

When

the

has

into the

377——all

6.1

The

the

GENERATING

starting

origin

source

the

field

starting

BIN.

PAL

III

leader/trailer.
its

accumulates

(octal).

checksum

they

the

tape

checksum.

compared with

the

not

are

Any

punched
As

own

punched checksum

the

binary tapes
These

are

channels

TAPES

address

statement

used

The

data word

the

152

tape except

same,

and MACRO—8,

and

preceded

error

errors

by rubouts

followed

BIN will

punched).

punch

Teletype punch if

the

will

ignore

all

occur

(ASCII
be-

data

rubouts.

the

tween

the

and

the

example,

76+54

final

the

frames

the

For

ignored.

are

before

including

during assembly.
code

punched

occurred.

assemblers,

messages

frames

checkSum

the

bits

adds

BIN

accumulated

one

Some

tape has been loaded,

the

error

into

added

immediately
SS

the

all

and field settings.

beyOnd

carried

for

the

last

program contains

cause

the

page

setting,
address

and

may

LOADED WITH

object

literals,

supply

supplied

and
an

BIN

program may be

statement

E literals

the

source

program.

ggzgg.

FIELD

punched,
The

punch

actual

pseudo—op.

pseudo-op should

FIELD

links

origin

after

the

generated with

OS/8 is being

PIP

may

The

program.

the

bled.

combine

the

When

turned

the

punched

The

source

BIN

may,

will

onto

the

on.

same

are

used,
The

then

BIN

source

the

BIN

and

punched

should be

program may

the

object

copied first,
then

assem—

the

object

program,

This will

cause

the

object

program

BIN

produces

cause

the

RIM

loader

assembled with

the
to

BIN.

RIM

tape.

one

punch

tape

/B option

ready

file

file may

tape of

therefore,

binary tapes,

binary

off.

assembler

punch should be turned

the

combined

resulting

punch

the

produce

papertape assemblers

then

and

used

format

tape with

this

checksum.

ignore

any

the

checksum.

BIN

PAL—type PDP—8 assemblers.

SM
1

PAGE

CORPORATION @1754

1/30/71 LOADER EQUIPMENT
D
I
G
I
T
A
L
B
I
N
A
R
Y
PALBnV7
1971 1971

ISELFnSTARTING INOVEMBER ICOPYRIGHT

MASACHUSETS
MAYNARD:
/

HMMQU’IGNQ

FIELD

START

DISCREPENCY ORIGIN? EXECUTION STATE

PAGE

1/30/71
PALS-V7

TOGETHER
CHECKSUM
/PUT

DISPLAY

TOTAL LOAD?
/GET IGO D

AS EMB CKSUM

START MACHINE

LAST
TO

FIELD

DATA
LAST
/WAS

SWITCHES

NOT

FROM

LOADED

NOT

SWITCH CLA .*7

/SET

ORIGIN
I

O.K.

DATA DATA
REAL OR

TAPE

PROGRAMrt SELF
START

I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N
/*EXIT /LOAD
/NO-HALT /ND-DO lYES-RESTDRE
AND

.+1
FLD
JMS CIA TAD SZA HLT TAD SZA JMP CAF TAD IAC DCA

CAF=6ODT RIMS2=767 RIMR1s761 COUNT=776 *76 0 END,

LEADER/TRAILER

LOADED

BLANK

IGNORE CHARACTER

FIELD

ISET

/SET IGET

FIRST

FIRST ORIGIN
UNTIL
IS

/IGNORE ICHARACTER

CDFD FLD MASK LEAD FETCH .-1 LT

HLT‘ JMP HLT KCC RFC RDF TAD DCA TAD DEA JMS JMP TAO

6907 7 67 7 61 7 76 76D 43 2 76D1 7041 76%? 1352 7683 74 % 7604 7402 7605 1353 7606 764% 7687 5216 761% 6OD7 761 1252 7612 TODI 7613 3214 7614 7462 7615 S747 7616 74D2 7617 6 32 762% 6D14 7621 6214 762 1341 7623 3252 7624 1342 7625 3274 7626 4261 7627 52 6 7630 1343

O76D D76D1 @7602 @7603 @76 4 @76D5 @76 6 @7607 D761O @761 @7612 D7613 @7614 07615 D7616 @7617 @7628 @7621 O762 D7623 @7624 @7625 @7626 @7627 fl763O

TAPE
3

PAGE

1/30/71
PALS-V7

IGNORE
LONGER
/NO

LEADER/TRAILER? TOGETHER ORIGIN?
CHECKSUM

BLANK
HALF HALF

FIRST SECOND 17 woao
NEXT
/STDRE IGET /STDRE /IS

THE

/YES-THIS

ORIGIN SWITCH
wono
ORIGIN
INO-oPUT /Is INO /RESET

LEAD CKSUM CHAR H0901 READ WORD? FETCH END AS EMB

/YES-RESET

COF

CHECKSUM CONTAIN DATA

/UPOATE ISHOULD ILOAD

ORIGIN SWITCH NOROI WORD? CKSUM

NOP

IEFECTIVE

ORIGIN SWITCH ORIGIN

FLO
LOAD
DCA DCA TAO DGA JMS DCA JHS JMP JMS SNL JMP DCA OCA TAD TAD TAD JMP HLT DCA 182
I

SUM
182 177 JMP

7631 3274 7632 3 52 763 1346 7634 3 5@ 7635 436 7636 3 51 7637 4261 7646 526% 7641 43 2 7642 7426 7643 5252 764 3 47 7645 3 53 7646 135% 7647 1351 765m 1352 7651 5232 7652 7402 7653 3747 7654 2353 765 6 76 7656 2347 7657 617 76 6 5246

@7631 @7632 @763 07634 @7635 07636 07637 @7643 -O7641 07642 $7643 @764 ~@7645 @7646 @7647 @765O 207651 187652 07653 67654 @765 @7656 “@7657 O76$O

c17

TAPE
4

PAGE

L
E
A
D
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R
/
T
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A
I
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?
xvfis-IGN0RE ICHARACTER /YES-RETURNIs

LEADER/TRAILER

ORIGIN RUBOUTS

1/3Q/71 CHARACTER DATA
PAL8~V7

SWITCH
C
H
A
R
A
C
T
E
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S
W
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CRUBOUT HARACTER RUBOUT? SWITCH
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lwIL /IS
IRESET IFETCH /IS /YES-WAS /~o- IIS
.1?

INPUT
FROM

SET?

AND

DATA OR
GO D Mama

AND

SCAL¢1 CAL*2 ETINGS

SETING?
FIELD
A

/IS

DATA
OR

/YES-HANDLE /N0—-0RIGIN /-RETURNICLA

IF IF

FETCH
TO

T0 TD

CLA
READ M376 32A
CHAR
CLA
CLA
CHAR «saw rser
DCA JHS TAD SMA Isz TAD RAR SZL JMP TAD HLT SNA JMP TAD TAD sna JMP ISZ

aseme

FIELD

ISUBROUTINE lRETURNS /RETURN8 /HANDLES FETCH,
*9

AS EMB AS EMB

«5a,

FETCH

FETCH+2

FETCH

LEAD.

FETCH
I

762% JMP

M3m ,

@76 1 0Y6 2 @76 3 0T6 4 @76 5 @76 6 $76 7 @7676 @7671 @7672 @7673 07674 @7675 @7676 @767 .QTYQfl 67 01 @7192 @7 63 BT flQ @7 05
113 114 115 116 117 115 119 12m 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 126 129 139 131 132 133 130 135 136 137 138 139 14m 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152,153 >154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161

READER
SPE D
DR

PAGE

EITHER CHAR

1/3Q/71

FOR AND

pALS-V7

C
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IPREPARE

RC=6®16 RSF=681 RCabflb

OUT
/IF

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/-RETURN-

IOR

COUNT COUNT WAIT

AC=w
WITH WITH

FIELD FETCH

wHERE

FETCH+2

M48 INIT INIT .-1 TAPE
DCA 132 JMP KRB KSF JMP KRB DCA TAD JMP TAD DEA 182 JMP JMP FDR FROM
I

(MASK /GET /INSERT

SETING

READ

CHAR CHAR

.-A

WIL

BUT CDF
ALL OF
OUT REST

TIME TAPE

CODE AC

FIELD

OUT

ASR3

EXECUTED

NUMBER

HIGH

C78 CDFQ FLD
AND TAD DCA JMP
‘

INPUT /SET /ENTER IEXIT READ.
u,

NOTAPEp TAPE,
*,

WAIT.

/HANDLER IENTERED FSET.
A,

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7 26 @25 7 27 13A1 7 38 3252 7 31 5263

87 06 @7 87 @7 10 @7 1 @7 12 @7 13 @7 14 @7 15 @7 16 @7 17 @7 28 @7 21 @7 2 @7 23 @7 24 @7 25

@7 26 @7 27 @7 38 @7 31

162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 17a 171 :72 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 18% 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 19% 191 192 193 19a 195 196 197 198 199 28% 281 262 203 284 225 2E6 287 288 289 216 211 212

STORAGE
FUR

WORD
ONE
6

INTO

PAGE

C
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A
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1/38/71
TWO

PALE-V7 ASEMBLE ACRQ WORD

AC
IN

WORfil RTL

WITH NITH

ISUBROUTINE IENTER /EXIT ASEMB;
*-

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213 214 215 216 217 218 219 22% 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 236 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238

BREAKS
DATA

PAGE

1/36/71
PALS-V7

OVERWRITEN LOCATIONS

LOADER

BREAKS
DATA
87

CODE

UNLYO-MAY STORAGE QVERNRITEN

INITIALIZATION [TEMPORARY
ONCE

IUSED

START

MANUAL

AND

RIM

FDR

RIMR1 NOTAPE RIMS2 TAPE RIMR1 TAPE+2 RESTUR 7 72 BEGIN
CLA TAD DCA TAD DCA TAD DCA TAD DCA JMP

O
V
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R
L
A
Y
B
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JMP

ALSO
IMAY t. INIT; t, r, CHAR, t, t. NORDlp w, NDRDZ, t, CKSUM, t. t, *,

[STARTING *77 /LOCATION A772

7 04 72%0 7 45 1361 7 46 3 12 7 07 1367 7 50 3 13 7 51 1361 7 52 3315 7 53 12A2 7 54 3 72 7 5 5217

7 7 5217

7 72 534

@7 4 @7 45 @7 46 @7 47 @7 59 @7 51 @7 52 @7 53 @7 54 @7 5

@7 7

@7 72

ORIGIN.

SWITCH.

239 24% 241 242 203 244 245 246 247 248 249 256 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 27% 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278

7-1

PAGE

1/36/71
PAL89V7

7 32 7617 6867 7 41 7 46 7 52 7 76 7657 765 76W¢ 76 1 7652 7 26 7 4 7674 7632 7 43 7 42 7 04 7 61 7616 76 5 7 12 7 47 7 gb 7642 7 61 7 67 7646 7 53 7 13 7 21 7 5% 7 51

AS EMB BEGIN CAF CDFfl CHAR CKSUM COUNT C17 C72 END FETCH FLO FSET INIT LEAD LOAD MASK mean M320 M376 M46 NOTAPE ORIGIN READ RESTOR RIMRI RIMSB SUM SWITCH TAPE NAIT WOR01 NORDZ 279
LT

211

231

161

219#

253a

133

187

147 269

25 #

131

185 2618

139 1Q@# 276

108 189

263* 261 257# 259#

123 272

2341 149 173

121# 86 249# 143#

1%? 169‘ 259

104 257 221 229

[[1
1

AS EMB BEGIN CAF CDFB CHAR CKSUM COUNT C17 C76 END FETCH FLD FSET INIT LEAD LDAD MASK M263 M396 M376 M4fl NOTAPE ORIGIN READ RESTOR RIMRI RINSE SUM SWITCH TAPE WAIT WOR01 WORDE
LT