Digital PDFs

DIGITAL-8-23-U

December 1966

10 pages

Original

0.8MB

Document:	digital-8-23-u-d
Order Number:	DIGITAL-8-23-U
Revision:
Pages:	10
Original Filename:	https://svn.so-much-stuff.com/svn/trunk/pdp8/src/dec/digital-8-23-u/digital-8-23-u-d.pdf

OCR Text

IDENTIFICATION

1.1

Digital-8-23-U-Sym

1.2

Signed Decimal Print, Single Precision

1.3

January 19, 1966

PDP-B
LIBRARY

Digital-8-23-U-Sym
Page I
2

ABSTRACT

This subroutine permits the typeout of the contents of a computer word as a signed twos
If bit 0 of the computer word is a "l ", the remaining bits represent a negative
in
twos
integer
complement form; if bit 0 equals ”0", the remaining bits represent a positive integer.

complement number.

If the number is negative, a minus sign is printed; if positive, a space.
3

3 .l

REQUIREMENTS

Storage
This subroutine requires 5l

core

locations.

3 .2

Subprograrns and/or Subroutines (None)

3 .3

Equipment
Basic PDP-8 with ASR-33

4.1

USAGE

Loading
The symbolic tape provided is in PAL III or MACRO-8 language. It may be assembled
Neither origin setting nor "$"

with the user's program or separately with the proper origin setting.

terminating character exists on the symbolic tape provided
4.2

Calling Sequence

The subroutine is called by an effective "JMS SSPRNT" with the number to be printed
The return is to the location following that of the calling JMS. The contents of neither
the AC nor the link are preserved, and return is with both active registers clear.
in the AC.

RESTRICTIONS

DESCRIPTION

6 .1

Discussion

(None)

This is a basic subroutine to obtain signed decimal output corresponding to binary words
in memory stored in twos complement form. First, the number is sensed to determine if it is positive
or negative.
If positive, a space is printed. If negative, a minus sign is printed and the number complemented to form the absolute value in twos complement. Then, the same algorithm is followed as in
the unsigned printout, (see Digital-8—22-U-Sym).
6 .2

Examples and/or Applications (None)

6.3

Scaling
The numbers are interpreted and typed out as integers.

METHOD (See Digital-8—22-U-Sym)

Digital-8-23-U-Sym
Page2
8.

FORMAT

8.1

Input Data (Not Applicable)

8.2

Core Data (Not Applicable)

8.3

Output Data

Output is in the form of four consecutive decimal digits preceded by either a space or
Spacing, tabulation, carriage return, etc., are not provided in this subroutine. See
Digital-8-19- U-Sym which contains subroutines for those purposes.

minus sign.

EXECUTION TIME

9.1

Minimum (Not Applicable)

9.2

Maximum (Not Applicable)

9.3

Average
This subroutine is output limited at 10 cps by

10.

PROGRAM

10.1

Core Map (None)

10.2

Dimension List(s) (None)

10.3

Macro, Parameter, and Variable Lists (None)

10.4

Program Listing
lBINARY'TO

DECIMAL

CONVERSION-AND

/SINGLE PRECISION
/CALLING SEQUENCE:
/

JMS
‘

TYPEOUT

/AC CONTAINS BINARY
SSPRNT /SUBROUTINE CALL

WORD

=/RETURN..AC AND L CLEAR

OEOO

@006

OEOI

71®6
7510

CLL

7961

CML

CMA

OEOA

3253

DOA

SSVAL

@305

3251

DCA‘sssox

ISTORE NUMBER AWAY
[SET DIGIT LOCATION

/1NITIALIzE~OUTEUT COUNTER

OEOE
@293

SSPENT.

the ASR-33.

SPA

/IS

IAC

@226

1259

TAD

SSCNTR

D2O7

3252

DCA

SSCNT

POSITIVE?

SET

xNO,

VALUE

LINKsFORM ABSOLUTE
.

ZERO

"4"

FIRST

OEIO

1244

TAD

SSADDR

@211

3217

DCA

ssxvz+1

@212

1246

TAD

SSPLUS

/GET CODE

@213
@214

743%

SZL

1247

TAD

@215

4235

JMS

SSMNS
SSOUT

NUMBER NEGATIVE?
(YES:‘CHANGE CODE TP TYPE.A "MINUS"
/TYPE-IT_OUT

@215

1253

TAD

SSVAL

IPICK

0217

1254

TAD

SSCON

1922a

IsuBTRACT

7510

SPA

ssxrz,

/INITALIZE

INSTRUCTION~TO

GET

’.
/IS

TYPE

"PLUS"

THE

NUMBER_
CURRENT POWER

ILS THE RESULTngGATIVE?

1O
‘

’

Digital-8—23-U-Sym
Page 3
5225
2251.

JMP

.+4

/YES:

@222

ISZ

SSBOX

IND:

@223

3253

DCA

SSVAL

xsroaa

SSXYZ

/CONTINUE

@221

@224

5216

JMP

@225

722%

OLA

REHAINDER

1251

TAD

SSBOX

/PICK

THE

4235

JMS

SSOUT

/TYPE

OUT

DIGIT

3251

DCA

SSBOX

xsar

2217

ISZ

SSXYZ+1

llNDEX

@232

2252

ISZ

@233

5216

@234

568%.

/TYPEOUT
SSOUT:

SSVAL

SUBTRACTING

5226
3236

LOCATION

DIGIT

THE

@227
@231

FINESHED

INDEXING
INDEX

DIGIT

NUMBER

COUNTER

"U"

GET

SSCNT

INSTRUCTION
/HAVE WE TYPED "4"

JMP

SSXYZ

/N0,_CONTINUE

JMP

xyas.

SSPRNT

POWER

DIGITS

RETURN

ROUTINE

@235
@236

@228
1245

TAD

@237

6646

324%

6941

TLS
TSF

SSTWO

@241

524$

JMP -9’1

@242

732%

CLA

@243

5635

JMP

@244

1254

SSADDR:

TAD

SSCON

@245

@262

SSTWO:

26$

/BASIC

@246

7762

/NUMBER

USED

GENERATE

"SPACE"

@015

lNUMBER

USED

GENERATE

"MINUS"

@252

7774

SSPLUS:
SSMNS)
SSCNTR:

‘22

@247

‘4

/COUNT

@251

@989

SSBOX:

/STORAGE

@252

022%

SSCNT:

@253

636%

SSVAL:
/TABLE

SSCON3.

CLL

SSOUT
/INSTRUCTION.TO

POWERS

.0254

6930

@255

7634

/-1@@

@256

7766
7777

7766

/'lg
/'l

0257

6238

7777

PAUSE,

/-1®®@

CODE.FOR

"4"

PICK

FIRST

POWER

DIGITAL OUTPUT

DIGITS

REGISTERS

D igi faI-8-23- U-S ym

Page 4
L

/TEST

PROGRAM

RETURN=JMS

PRINT=JMS

oSINGLE

PREC-

INPUT

LINKI

LINK2

SPRINT=JMS I LINKB
SPACE=JMS I LINK4
ACCEPT=JMS I LINKS

INIT:

RETURN
ACCEPT
DCA

TEMP

SPACE

TAD TEMP
PRINT
SPACE
TAD

TEMP

SPRINT

RETURN
JMP

INIT+1

LINKI:

1217

LINKZ:

DECPRT

LINKS:

SSPRNT

LINK4:

1227

LINKS,

SICONV

TEMP:

PAGE

'PAUSE
Test Run

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Dig ifol-8-23-U-Sym
Page 5
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Digital-8-23-U-Sym
Page 6
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1388

1389

1398

1391

1392

1393

1394

1397

1398

1399

1421

1422

1483

1484

1395
1485

1396

1488

1496

1487

1488

1489

1418

1411

1412

1413

1414

1415

1416

1417

1418

1419

Digital-8-23-U-Sym
Page 7
1428

1421

1422‘

1423

1424

1425

1426

1427

1428

1429

1438

1431

1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

1448

1441

1442

1443

1444

1445

1446

1447

1448

1458

1451

1452

1454

1455

1456

1457

1458

1459

1468

1461

1462

1453
1463

1464

1465

1466

1467

1468

1469

1478

1471

1472

1473

1474

1475

1476

1477

1478

1479

1488

1481

1482

1483

1484

1485

1486

1487

1488

1489

1498

1491

1492

1493

1494

1495

1496

1497

1498

1499

1588

1581

1582

1583

1584

1585

1586

1587

1588

1589

1518

1511

1512

1513

1514

1515

1516

1517

1518

1519

NUMBER/188

COUNT+8148

=2768

1449

3788

E2
3

828815
8888

8881

8882

8883

8884

8885

8886

8887

8888

8889

8818

8811

8812

8813

8814

8815

8816

8817

8818

8819

Restarting near the change between positive and negative numbers.
NUMBER/AND

8824

3788

28218
1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1998

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997'

1998

1999

2888

2881

2882

2883

2884

2885

2886

2887

2888

2889

2818

2811

2812

2813

2814

2815

2816

2817

2818

2819

2828

2821

2822

2824

2825

2826

2827

2828

2829

2838

2831

2832

2823
2833

2834

2835

2836

2837

_2838

2839

2848

2841

2842

2843

2844

2845

2846

2847

-2848

~2847

-2846

-2845

~2844

-2843

-2842

~2841

-2838

-2837

-2836

-2835

-2834

—2833

~2831

~2848
~2838

—2839

~2832

42329 +2828

-2827

-2826

~2825

-2824

-2823

~2822

~2821

-2828

—2819

-2818

~2817

~2816

~2815

~2814

~2813

-2812

~2811

~2818

~2®@9

-2888

‘2807

-2886

-2885

-2884

~2883

—2882

-2881

-2888

~1999

41998

-1997

~1996

-1995

~1994

~1993

~1992

-1991

~1998

-1989

~1988

~1987

~1986

-1985

~1984

~1983

~1982

-1981

‘1988

-1979

-1978

#1977

~1976

-1975

~1974

~1973

Restarting near —0.
NUMBER/JMS 8114
28218

=4114

7788

~8864

~8863

~8862

-8861

rflfiéfl

-8859

-8858

*8857

~8856

-8855

-8854

4@@53

-8852

—8851

-8848

~8847

~8846

~8845

-8844

~8843

48842

-8841

~8838

~8837

+8836

—8835

48834 +8833
43924 ~8823

+8832

-8831

48849
-8848 73339
*E@3@«~@@29

~8827

43626

-8825

-8822

~8821

-8828

~3319

48928
4Q018

~8817

~8816

~8815

*EBYAh-fiwls

4%E12

48011148316

-8889

-8888

+8887

-8886

~8885

48883

-8882

48881

e8884

-8858

Dig ifcl-8-23-U-Sym
Page 8
I I

DIAGRAMS

II .1

Flow Charts

ENTRY

IS
LINK SETTO
I

[

CLEAR LINK

[

MODIFY CODE

TO"—]

I
IS

THE

NUMBER

NEGATIVE

TYPE OUT

CHARACTER]

SET LINK TO "1."
FORM

ABSOLUTE VALUE
PICK UP
CURRENT POWER
OF TEN

[

STORE NUMBER AWAY

]
SUBTRACT CURRENT
POWER OF TEN

I
INITIALIZE COUNTERS,
POINTERS AND DIGIT
STORAGE REGISTER

FROM

INDEX DIGIT

NUMBER

INDEX INSTRUCTION
TO GET NEXT
DID IT

LOAD CODE
"
FOR "SPACE

POWER OF TEN

UNDERFLOW
?

INTO AC

LOAD GENERATED
DIGIT INTO AC
TYPE IT OUT

HAVE
4 DIGITS

BEEN TYPED
7

SUBROUTINE
FINISHED

EXIT