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users manual

digital equipment corporation

DEC -S8-OPIPB-A-D

PIPC

USER'S

M A N U A L

SOFTWARE SUPPORT CATEGORY

The software described in
this document is supported
by Digital Equipment Corporation under CategoryI, ,
as defined on page iii of
this document.

For additional copies, order No. DEC-,S8-OPIPB-A-D
from Software
Distribution Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard,
Massachusetts 0175 4

First Printing, March 1973

Your attention is invited to the last two pages of this
document. The "HOW to Obtain Software Information" page
tells you how to keep up-to-date with DEC's software.
Completion and return of the "Reader's Comments" page is
beneficial to both you and DEC; allcommentsreceived are
acknowledged and are considered when documenting subsequent manuals.

1973

by Digital Equipment Corporation

DEC assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability
of its software on equipment which is not supplied by
DEC.
The material in this document is for information
purposes and is subject to change without notice.

The following are trademarks of Digital
Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts:

Equipment

DIGITAL
EDUSYSTEM
FLIP CHIP
FOCAL
GLC-8
IDACS
INDACS

QUICKPOINT
RAD-8
RSTS
RSX
SABR
TYPESET-8
UNIBUS

CDP
COMPUTER LABS
COMTEX-11
DDT
DEC
DECTAPE
DIBOL

KA10
LAB-8
OMNIBUS
OS/8

os/11
PDP
PHA

Teletype is a registered trademark
Corporation.

the Teletype

SOFTWARE

SUPPORT

CATEGORY

N o n Su p p o r t e d

IV
S o f t war e

This category includes a l l programs for which no support i s given

iii

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

CALLING AND USING PIPC

CHAPTER 2

PIPC OPTIONS

CHAPTER 3

PIPC ERROR MESSAGES

APPENDIX A

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

A- 1

INTRODUCTION

PIPC i s an OS/8 program t h a t i s used t o t r a n s f e r f i l e s between
s t a n d a r d cassettes and o t h e r OS/8 system d e v i c e s , d e l e t e cassette
f i l e s , and t r a n s f e r cassette d i r e c t o r i e s . PIPC allows t h e OS/8 u s e r
t o read o r w r i t e any s t a n d a r d cassette f i l e .
I n p a r t i c u l a r , PIPC can
r e a d o r w r i t e any f i l e c r e a t e d by o r t o b e used by t h e CAPS-8 system
o r by t h e OS/8 system ( u s i n g any OS/8 d e v i c e h a n d l e r ) .
PIPC may b e run on any OS/8 system equipped w i t h a t l e a s t 8K of memory

and cassette d r i v e s .
PIPC s u p p o r t s any OS/8 system d e v i c e . Before
running PIPC, t h e u s e r must l o a d t h e OS/8 cassette h a n d l e r s as
d e s c r i b e d i n USING AND LOADING YOUR NEW OS/8 CASSETTE HANDLER
(DEC-S8-UCASA-A-D).
Appendix A c o n t a i n s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r assembling
PIPC.

T h i s manual assumes t h a t t h e r e a d e r i s f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n and
use of OS/8.
Readers who do not have t h i s background w i l l f i n d
v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n i n Chapter 9 o f INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING 1972
and may a l s o want t o read t h e CASSETTE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM USER'S
MANUAL
(DEC-8E-OCASA-A-D),
available
from
Digital
Equipment
C o r p o r a t i o n through t h e Software D i s t r i b u t i o n C e n t e r .

CHAPTER 1
CALLING AND U S I N G P I P C

To c a l l P I P C from t h e OS/8

system d e v i c e , t h e u s e r t y p e s :

8 PIPC
i n response t o t h e d o t p r i n t e d by t h e Keyboard Monitor.
The Command
Decoder t h e n p r i n t s an a s t e r i s k a t t h e l e f t margin of t h e t e l e p r i n t e r
paper and waits t o r e c e i v e a l i n e of I / O f i l e s and o p t i o n s .
PIPC
a c c e p t s one i n p u t f i l e and performs o u t p u t t o a s i n g l e o u t p u t f i l e .
The c o n t e n t s of t h e i n p u t f i l e are t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e o u t p u t f i l e i n
image mode.
In response t o t h e a s t e r i s k , t h e u s e r t y p e s an I / O
s p e c i f i c a t i o n of t h e f o l l o w i n g form:
* o u t f i l e< i n f i l e / (options) = s i z e
Each f i l e s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n s i s t s o f a d e v i c e and an o p t i o n a l f i l e name
( f o r file-structured devices).
To perform I / O on a given cassette
d r i v e , t h e u s e r ' s OS/8 system s h o u l d b e c o n f i g u r e d w i t h an OS/8
c a s s e t t e handler f o r t h a t drive.
I f t h e u s e r does n o t have OS/8
cassette h a n d l e r s , he can s t i l l perform I / O ; t h i s h a n d l i n g o p e r a t i o n
w i l l be e x p l a i n e d l a t e r i n t h e manual.
T h i s OS/8 cassette h a n d l e r
w i l l n o t be t h e one used by P I P C , b u t it may b e s p e c i f i e d s o t h a t t h e
comand decoder can t e l l PIPC which cassette d r i v e t o use.
The permanent d e v i c e names f o r cassettes are CSAO-CSA7.
Permanent
d e v i c e names f o r o t h e r O S / 8 d e v i c e s are l i s t e d i n t h e P I P s e c t i o n of
Chapter 9 i n INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING 1972. These d e v i c e names are
used i n t h e I / O s p e c i f i c a t i o n , along w i t h any f i l e name t h a t i s
n e c e s s a r y . For example, t o t r a n s f e r a CAPS-8 f i l e named DATA01 t o t h e
u s e r ' s d i s k , t h e user types:

*DSK: DA TA 0 1 <CSA 1 :DATA0 1
i f t h e CAPS-8 cassette i s mounted on d r i v e 1 and i f t h e u s e r ' s OS/8
system h a s a h a n d l e r f o r d r i v e s 0 and 1 ( u n i t 0 ) w i t h e n t r y p o i n t
names of CSA0 and CSA1.
I f a c a s s e t t e handler i s s p e c i f i e d without
any f i l e name, P I P C u s e s t h e h a n d l e r w i t h o u t m o d i f i c a t i o n , i.e., it
u s e s t h e cassette as a n o n - f i l e s t r u c t u r e d d e v i c e s i m i l a r t o a paper
t a p e r e a d e r o r punch i n t h e manner t h e h a n d l e r w a s o r i g i n a l l y d e s t i n e d
t o b e used by O S / 8 . Thus, t h e command:
*CSA2 :<DSK: SI SCO .EN

would perform t h e same o p e r a t i o n w i t h P I P C as t h e command:
*CSA2 : SI SCO .EN/ I

would perform w i t h OS/8 P I P .

S i n c e PIPC performs f i l e t r a n s f e r s for a l l f i l e t y p e s , there are no
assumed e x t e n s i o n s a s s i g n e d by PIPC t o f i l e names f o r e i t h e r i n p u t o r
o u t p u t files. A l l e x t e n s i o n s , where p r e s e n t , must b e e x p l i c i t l y
s p e c i f i e d , e x c e p t when t h e /B o p t i o n is used.

Following completion of a PIPC o p e r a t i o n , t h e Command Decoder a g a i n
p r i n t s an asterisk a t t h e l e f t margin and w a i t s f o r a n o t h e r PIPC I / O
s p e c i f i c a t i o n l i n e . The u s e r can r e t u r n t o t h e Keyboard Monitor by
t y p i n g CTRL/C.

CHAPTER 2
PIPC OPTIONS

The v a r i o u s o p t i o n s allowed on a PIPC I / O s p e c i f i c a t i o n l i n e are
d e t a i l e d i n Table 2-1.
The /I, / O , and /n o p t i o n s are used i f t h e
u s e r does n o t have cassette h a n d l e r s c o n f i g u r e d i n h i s O S / 8 system.

Table 2-1

P I P C Options
~

Meaning

Option
/B

T r a n s f e r f i l e s i n special CAPS-8
binary
format.
I f t h e /B o p t i o n i s used and no
e x t e n s i o n s are s p e c i f i e d , PIPC assumes .BN
f o r OS/8
f i l e s and .BIN f o r cassette f i l e s .
I f i n p u t i s from PTR: (high-speed p a p e r t a p e
r e a d e r ) , t h e p a p e r t a p e must b e p o s i t i o n e d on
the leader.
The s q u a r e b r a c k e t ( [ I )
option allows t h e
u s e r t o s p e c i f y a decimal f i l e t y p e on a
cassette o u t p u t f i l e .
The
notation
in
b r a c k e t s does n o t r e f e r t o t h e f i l e s i z e s i n
t h i s case. Hence, t o create a f i l e w i t h t h e
name CAS5O.BI on cassette d r i v e 1 and g i v e it
a f i l e t y p e of 3, t h e u s e r t y p e s :

*CSAI:CASSO.BI

f31e

For o u t p u t f i l e s o t h e r t h a n cassette, s q u a r e
b r a c k e t s have t h e same meaning as i n PIP.
F o r i n f o r m a t i o n on f i l e t y p e s , see
the
CASSETTE PROGRAMMING
Appendix E.

SYSTEM

USER'S

MANUAL,

Delete t h e f i l e s p e c i f i e d from t h e o u t p u t
cassette. The /D o p t i o n i s o n l y v a l i d i f t h e
o u t p u t d e v i c e i s a cassette. f o r example:

*CSAI:OFILE</D
w i l l d e l e t e OFILE from t h e cassette on

drive

S p e c i f y i n t h e low order 1 2 b i t s n as t h e
number of words ( c h a r a c t e r s ) p e r record which
o c c u r i n t h e cassette o u t p u t f i l e on t h a t
command l i n e .
The n s p e c i f i c a t i o n may be
If 0
between 0 and 1000 ( o c t a l ) , i n c l u s i v e .
or if n o t s p e c i f i e d , 200 i s assumed.
= option need not be specified for
cassette
input
f i l e s because PIPC w i l l
determine t h e record s i z e from t h e f i l e ' s
The

T a b l e 2-1

Option

PIPC Options (Cont'd)

Meaning
h e a d e r record.
I f t h e o u t p u t record s i z e
s p e c i f i e d i s g r e a t e r t h a n 1000 o r i f an i n p u t
record s i z e i s 0 , PIPC p r i n t s an error
message
since
it
cannot
handle
v a r i a b l e - l e n g t h records.
The h i g h order 11
b i t s of t h e = o p t i o n are used o n l y i f o u t p u t
i s t o a CAPS-8 cassette: i n t h a t case t h e y
s p e c i f y t h e v e r s i o n number f o r t h e f i l e .
The = o p t i o n i s i g n o r e d i f t h e o u t p u t f i l e i s
n o t a cassette f i l e .

Consider i n p u t t o be from a cassette. The /I
o p t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y i f t h e u s e r does n o t have
t h e desired cassette h a n d l e r c o n f i g u r e d i n
his
OS/8
system.
T h i s o p t i o n must be
accompanied by t h e /n o p t i o n which s p e c i f i e s
a cassette d r i v e number.
F o r example, t h e
command l i n e s :
*DTA 0: A BCc CSA 0 :A BC

and
*DTA0:ABC<ABC/I

perform t h e same f u n c t i o n . The /I o p t i o n and
the
/O
option
cannot
be
specified
simultaneously.
/L

Read t h e i n p u t cassette d i r e c t o r y and w r i t e
it o n t o t h e o u t p u t f i l e . Notice t h a t i n t h i s
case
the
input
file
itself
is
not

t r a n s f e r r e d , only t h e directory.
The /L
o p t i o n a p p l i e s o n l y i f t h e i n p u t device i s a
cassette.
Read i n p u t from o r w r i t e o u t p u t o n t o cassette
d r i v e n.
The n i s a d i g i t between 0 and 7,

s p e c i f y i n g t h e cassette u n i t
See t h e /I and /O o p t i o n s .

drive

number.

Consider o u t p u t t o be t o a cassette d r i v e .
The /O o p t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y i f t h e u s e r does
n o t have t h e
desired
cassette
handler
c o n f i g u r e d i n h i s OS/8 system. T h i s o p t i o n
must be followed by t h e /n o p t i o n which
a cassette d r i v e number.
For
specifies
example, the command l i n e s :
*CSA1 :DATA%DSK:LlATAS

and
*DATAS/O/I<DSK:DATAS

perform t h e s a m e f u n c t i o n .
and /O
options
cannot
simultaneously.
6

N o t e t h a t t h e /I
be
specified

T a b l e 2-1

P I P C Options (Cont'd)
-~

Option

Meaning

I f no filename i s s p e c i f i e d , zero t h e cassette on
t h e cassette d r i v e s p e c i f i e d as o u t p u t . I f a
filename i s specified ( f o r a cassette d r i v e ) ,
w r i t e a sentinel f i l e after t h e f i l e specified.

Although c a s s e t t e f i l e names may have 3 - c h a r a c t e r e x t e n s i o n s , OS/8
allows o n l y 2-character e x t e n s i o n s . Thus, when l o o k i n g up a cassette
f i l e , although a l l three c h a r a c t e r s may be specified, o n l y t h e f i r s t
two are s i g n i f i c a n t .
Thus CSAg:FILE.PAL might match a f i l e called
FILE.PAT.
T h i s s i m i l a r i t y i s a c c e p t a b l e s i n c e t h e cassette s t a n d a r d s
r e q u i r e a l l f i l e s on a s t a n d a r d c a s s e t t e t o be unique w i t h respect t o
the f i r s t t w o c h a r a c t e r s i n t h e extension.
On o u t p u t , t h e t h i r d
c h a r a c t e r o f t h e e x t e n s i o n i s always a s p a c e ( u n l e s s t h e /B o p t i o n i s
specified).

CHAPTER 3
PIPC ERROR MESSAGES

E r r o r messages which appear w h i l e PIPC i s running are shown i n Table
3-1.
I f an o u t p u t f i l e i s s p e c i f i e d on a cassette and a f i l e by t h a t
name a l r e a d y e x i s t s , t h e f i l e on t h e o u t p u t cassette i s deleted b e f o r e
I f PIPC detects an error w h i l e a cassette
any t r a n s f e r i s performed.
o u t p u t f i l e i s open, it tries t o close t h e o u t p u t f i l e by w r i t i n g a
s e n t i n e l on t h e o u t p u t cassette.

T a b l e 3-1

PIPC E r r o r Messages

Message

Meaning

CANNOT HANDLE VARIABLE
LENGTH RECORDS

The records on t h e i n p u t and o u t p u t
f i l e s s p e c i f i e d are n o t t h e same
size.
PIPC c a n n o t h a n d l e v a r i a b l e
l e n g t h records.

d e v i c e DOES NOT EXIST

The d e v i c e s p e c i f i e d does n o t e x i s t
on t h e O S / 8 system. Device is t h e
s p e c i f i c O S / 8 I / O d e v i c e such as
DTA0

ENTER ERROR

Error o c c u r r e d w h i l e
e n t e r an o u t p u t f i l e .

trying

FETCH ERROR

Error

occurred while t r y i n g
f e t c h an OS/8 d e v i c e h a n d l e r .

f i l e NOT FOUND

The f i l e s p e c i f i e d c a n n o t b e found.
F i l e is t h e a c t u a l name of t h e f i l e
t h a t w a s n o t found.

ILLEGAL SYNTAX

The command l i n e t o t h e command
decoder had a bad c h a r a c t e r o r w a s
i n c o r r e c t l y formatted.

I N P U T ERROR

NO I N P U T FILE
NO OUTPUT FILE

i n p u t error
reading t h e f i l e .

occurred

while

N o input f i l e

was
one w a s r e q u i r e d .

specified

when

N o output f i l e was

specified

when

one w a s r e q u i r e d .
OUT=IN

Both t h e i n p u t and t h e
output
d e v i c e s were s p e c i f i e d as t h e same
cassette d r i v e .

Table 3-1

P I P C E r r o r Messages (Cont'd)

Message
~~~

M e an i n g
~~~~~

~~~~~~

____________~

OUTPUT DEVICE FULL

Self-explanatory:
d e v i c e o r room
lacking.

e i t h e r room
i n directory

on
is

OUTPUT ERROR

Output error
p o s s i b l y a WRITE
LOCKed d e v i c e , p a r i t y error, or
a t t e m p t t o o u t p u t t o a read-only
device.

RECORD SIZE TOO B I G

The o u t p u t record s i z e s p e c i f i e d i s
greater
t h a n 1000 o r an i n p u t
r e c o r d s i z e i s 0.

TOO MANY FILES

More t h a n 1 o u t p u t d e v i c e
was
s p e c i f i e d o r more t h a n 1 i n p u t
device w a s specified.

APPENDIX A

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

The s o u r c e t a p e of PIPC may be assembled w i t h t h e PAL8 a s s e m b l e r , i n
t h e same manner as any o t h e r PAL8 s o u r c e program.
F o r example, i f a
P I P C s o u r c e DECtape i s mounted on u n i t 1, t y p i n g :

.R PAL8

*PIPC.BN<DTA 1 :P I P C .PA

w i l l produce a PIPC b i n a r y f i l e on t h e system d e v i c e . Note t h a t t h e
d o t i s p r i n t e d by t h e OS/8 Monitor and t h e a s t e r i s k i s p r i n t e d by t h e
command decoder.

Once a PIPC b i n a r y f i l e h a s been c r e a t e d on t h e system d e v i c e , t h e
f e l l o w i n g commands w i l l create a core image f i l e c a l l e d PIPC.SV on t h e
system device:

.R ABSLDR
*P I P C O BN$
.SAVE S Y S P I P C : 1 2 0 0 0 = 6 0 0 3
The b i n a r y paper t a p e of PIPC (DEC-S8-UPICA-A-PB)
may b e loaded
saved on t h e system d e v i c e by t h e f o l l o w i n g sequence of commands:

and

.R ABSLDR
*PTR:$t
.SAVE SYS P I P C : 1 2 0 0 0 = 6 0 0 3
The system p r i n t s an uparrow a f t e r t h e ALT MODE c h a r a c t e r t o i n d i c a t e
t h a t a paper t a p e should be loaded i n t o t h e r e a d e r . Press any key a t
t h e t e r m i n a l o ..ontinue.

A- 1

INDEX
Assembly instructions, A-1
option, 4 , 5
Binary file transfer, 5

Calling PIPC, 3
Cassette input/output, 6
Core image file creation, A-1
CTRL/C, 4
Deleting files from cassette, 5
Device names, 3
Devices, file structured, 3
Directories, reading cassette, 6
Error messages, PIPC, 9, 10
File deletion, 5
File name extensions, 7
Files, creating PIPC binary, A-1
File structured devices, 3
File transfer without handlers, 6
File types, 5
Input, 6
/I option, 6
I/O specification, 3
/L option, 6
Loading PIPC binary paper tape, A-1

/n option,

/ O option, 6
Options, 5 , 6 , 7
OS/8 cassette handlers,
Output, 6

Permanent device names,
PIPC options, 5, 6, 7

1
3

Reading cassette directories, 6
Record size specification, 5
Sentinel file, 7
Specifying record size, 5
Square bracket option, 5
Transfer binary files, 5
Transfer files without cassette handlers
on system, 6
Unit drive number,

/ z option, 7
Zeroing a cassette,

x-1

HOW TO OBTAIN SOFTWARE INFORMATION

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which are provided i n the software kit, should be fully filled out andaccompanied

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For further information, please write to:
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PIPC USER'S MANUAL
DEC-S8-OPIPB-A-D

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FIRST CLASS
PERMIT NO. 33
MAYNARD, MASS.
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES
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Postage will be paid by:

Digital Equipment Corporation
Software Information Services
Programming Department
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754