Digital PDFs

DEC-8E-ALOSA-A-D

December 2000

42 pages

Original

1.8MB

Document:	dec-8e-alosa-a-d
Order Number:	DEC-8E-ALOSA-A-D
Revision:
Pages:	42
Original Filename:	https://svn.so-much-stuff.com/svn/trunk/pdp8/src/dec/dec-8e-alosa/dec-8e-alosa-a-d.pdf

OCR Text

Eflfiflflafl

Functions
For

OISC

digital equipment corporation

©©©©©©©fl
L

DEC-BE-ALOSA-A-D

LAB8/E
FUNCTIONS

OS/8

FOR

BASIC

additional copies, order No. DEC-8E-ALOSA-A-D
Distribution Center, Digital Equipment Corporation,
01754
Massachusetts

For

from

Software

Maynard,

First

Printing
September, 1972

<:)

1972

by Digital Equipment Corporation

The material in this
tion purposes and is

document

subject

for

informa-

change without

notice.

following are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts:
The

CDP

Digital

LAB-8/e

RAD-8

Computer Lab

DNC

OMNIBUS

RSTS

Comtex

Flip Chip

OS/8

RSX

DEC

IDAC

PDP

RTM

DECtape

Indac

PHA

SABR

Dibol

KAlO

PS/8
Quickpoint

Typeset 8
Unibus

CONTENTS

Page
INTRODUCTION
SECTION

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL

PREPARING

BASIC

III

DEFINITION

SAMPLE
GETTING

LAB8/E

FOR

LABB/E

LAB8/E

FUNCTIONS

SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

PROGRAMS
ON

THE

AIR WITH

FUNCTION

SUMMARY

OS/8

BASIC

INTRODUCTION

The

LABS/E functions

addition of

solve

real-time

range of

using

lems with
the

BASIC

are

little

the

approaching

using

novice programmer

can

solve

assembly language expertise,

and

user
a

real-time prob-

required for specific problems

effort

programming

enables

BASIC

real-time problems

pseudo

numerous.
no

08/8

benefits

The

higher-level language.
lems

and

prob-

general,

dramatically

reduced.

The

tional

was

able

This

Another

each

stress

contains

BASIC

VC8-E

for

of bit patterns when
allows

display-

masking

reading digital

conversion of

easy

data

and

received

decimal

from decimal

LAB8/E's digital input registers

utilize the

with the

twelve

display control,

digital I/O.
reside

understanding

DK8-ES
All

(DR8-E's).

function is

the

suitable three-character name,

given

functions,

entire
use.

followed

user

(34flfl-

BASIC

functions
is

regulations

arguments passed by the

any

necessary

argu-

user

functions

package:

All

arguments

must

lie within the

following

range:

a:ARGUMENT_<_4 I?! 9 5
Hence,
error,

negative arguments (<fi) will cause
FM; and positive arguments greater

(>4¢95) will
errors
user

cause

terminate

the

fatal

program

command mode.

error,

execution

FO.

and

called

General

A/D

and DR8—EA

contained in

funCtion

Each

LAB8/E:

clock,

area

set

enable

real-time

in the overlay

that

whenever

functions which

following peripherals

core

this

Schmitt

LAB8/E functions

the

incorporate

was

the

Slaving

single precision

design goal

set

BASIC.UF,

overlay called

ments

for

func—

DESCRIPTION

lZ-channel buffered

maximize

was

simplicity.

design goals

format when

interfaced to the

function

accomplished by recognizing

example,

floating point

converter,

4577)

for

feature,

GENERAL

08/8

the

recognition

the

This program
of

One

arrays.

data into

utilize memory efficiently

ability for

devices

than

external events

‘firings'.

data

data.

specifying

rather

flexibility

computer

Trigger

for

taken

approach

fatal

than
Fatal

return

4¢95
the

Furthermore, certain functions in this package require
that the arguments be further restricted.
These re-

strictions will be stated along with the discussion
each function later on.
Argument errors due to
these added restrictions will cause the fatal error,
of

(illegal argument).

PREPARING

II.

(see section 10.3.2)

area
a

System

Basic Run Time

The

LAB8/E

FOR

BASIC

set

made

(BRTS)

has

BASIC

the

used functions

infrequently

User's Manual)

into three

Since

assembly language subroutines exists,

BASIC.UF

functions

twelve

last

overlay

BRTS

are

given

tines.

order

overlay

Since

core

addresses

it is

that

the

UDEF

statements

will

for each of

appear

overlay,

the

this

that

necessary

subrou-

user

critical that

links or addresses be in the

these

specifying

last

contains

subroutines

the

determined apart from BRTS,

that

same

in the program that

calls

functions.

the

Consequently, before writing
is

last

(See section 10.10 of BASIC Manual.)

order of

the

this

LAB8/E support.

for

list of

divided

and has

logical need for

reserved.

overlay

one

separate overlays;

user-written
was

for

provision

and BASIC.FF.

BASIC.SF

namely, BASIC.AF,

FUNCTIONS

absolutely necessary
is

illustrates how this
the

end that

ordering
05/8

current

of
ODT

list of
is

.GET

here.

set

location which
the

names

_:bD.J

the

right

1/****54¢2

3454
3473

*4
-4
-4
'%
_4
'4
*I
-4
.4

four

*‘s

for

the

response

indicates

the

changed with

functions

the

link

associated with

the

sake

used

for

clarity onlyl.

symbol indicates

interrupts

INI

PLY
DLY

DIS

SAM
CLK
CLW
ADC

GET
PUT

that the LINE FEED

any

same

‘)

15627*;**
15637**** 36¢¢
15647**** 4¢¢¢
15657**** 41¢¢
"""156'67'*'* *"'* 3541
15677**** 3521
157§7**** 44¢¢
157l7**** 4432
15727**;; 4271
I5737*;;* 4313
19
_._SAVE SYS BRTS.SV )
The

example

the

programs

¢¢§27**** 4456
I§€77***? 34gg

cates

the

test

BRTS.SV

1561/****

the

functions,

following example

in the

notice

in the UDEF statements

specified
SYS

The

BRTS.

Take

underlined.

will be

address

order

done.

addresses

the

contents

addresses.

each

the

modify

these

using

any program

DRI

DRO

that the RETURN

key is pressed.

key is pressed,

and the

—4

symbol indi-

Since many of BASIC's

warning:

one

cautioned about

using

set

functions

overlayed

functions

reside

also

function that will

and

in overlays,

cause the

thereby destroy

current

useful

any

information.
cannot calculate a set of cosine values
and pass them to the.PLY function to be stored
away, because COS resides in BASIC.AF overlay
and PLY resides in BASIC.UF.

EXl

One

EXZ-

Refer to TST18A.PG at the end.
Notice that the
INI call of line #29 occurs after the file funcIf INI were specified instead
tions were called.
at line #lfl, its information would have been destroyed by the file functions.

DEFINITION

III.

has

BRTS

Once

the

BASIC.UF

may

be written.

the

twelve

trating

the

recognize

BASIC

Part

use

UDEF

statements

Part

function

user

complete description of
a

set

BASIC

must

list of

defined by
precede

statements

UDEF

reiterate

program

programs

rule

concerning

links,

UDEF

the

requires

the

first

(N-l)

the

statements

defining

use

illus-

the

must

the

functions

set

the

Nth

function.

be:

INI(N),PLY(Y),DLY(N),DIS(S,E,N,X)
SAM(C,N,P,T),CLK(R,O,S),CLW(N),ADC(N)
OR

1a
11.

each

(N-l)

Referring to the ordered list of functions in the
previous section, if the ADC function is the only
one to be used in a particular BASIC program, the
UDEF

from

functions

these

functions.

important

ordered

list must be

EX.

making

the
use

(see NOTE of section 10.10 of the BASIC User's

the

functions

contains

various

the

very

programs

contains

DEC-S8-LBASA-A-D).

function

named

been modified to

functions.

again

the

FUNCTIONS

overlay,

Once

Manual

LAB8/E SUPPORT

UDEF

DUA(N),DUB(N),DUC(N),DUD(N)

UDEF

DUE(N) ,DUF(N) ,DUG(N) ,ADUN)

Nth

dummy-

However,
UDEF's

each

recommended that

time

recommended

This

done

FUNCTIONS

requires one

one

This

solely

in each of

IngNz:

one always

the

programs

The

initialize

Its

main purpose

complete
in

omissions

set

program.
a

minimum.

illustrated in Part C.

function has

specified by

array

the

functions

careless

keep

BASIC

use

twofold purpose.

to locate the address of
BASIC's USE statement and

the

retain that address until BASIC.UF is overlayed
one of the other three overlays.

secondary purpose is to set a pointer to the
first location of the array.
Consequently, an
array may be used to store one set of data
followed immediately by a second set of data,
provided the INI function was called only once.
This means that displayable data (10 bits), and
fixed point data (12 bits) may share the user
If, however,
array at the user's discretion.
the INI function was again specified at the end
of the first data run, the first set of data
is overwritten by the second set of data.
Hence,
INI effectively zeros the array in this case.
Whenever an array is to be used in conjunction
with one or more of the functions in the
BASIC.UF overlay, one first dimensions the

eventually employs the

array and

USE

statement

(see section 10.8.1 of the 08/8 BASIC User‘s
Manual) before the INI function can have meaning.

DIM A(3)

Ex.

X=INI(¢)

The

argument N,

may be
N.B.

any

INI,

dummy argument,

and

...

Whenever the functions PLY, DIS, SAM, GET,
and PUT are used, make sure that the INI
function has been previously called at

yleast
2.

for

integer; fl,

once.

reminder:
when an array is given the
dimension N, BASIC allocates (n+1)
floating point words of memory which is
actually 3(N+1) single memory locations.
Thus, in the example above, BASIC allocates
4 floating point words or 12 single memory
locations for the array.

Each data value deposited into the user's
array by the user functions is a single
precision value (uses one memory word).

PLY(Y):

purpose of the plot function is to enable a
program to create y-data values and enter
them into the user array sequentially, beginning
Each
with the first unused location of the array.
floating point value is fixed to a ten (1g) bit
single precision value before it is put into the
The

BASIC

array.
The

range

the

values

y-data

must

be:

¢5y<l-¢
is

This

easily accomplished by inserting
(Refer

factor.

TESTfiA.PG in

Part

The data in
it is being

passed

and/or
have

DLYgN):

line numbers

been

the

and

scaling
of

C.)

user

array

can

the

array

displayed

(see

refreshed continuously
entered into the array

function)

DLY

once

all

values

(see

DIS

function).

The delay function is used only in conjunction
with the PLY function.
It causes the scope to be
refreshed with the contents of the user array
after each point is processed, so that the graphical
progress of data can be observed.

is an integer such that lgNglfiZ4.
It specifies
the maximum number of points to be eventually
Implied here is the fact that the
displayed.
display will contain only the first N points even
if the arrays contain more than N points.
N

BASIC

programs

DLY are TESTflA

and
4.

in Part C
PG , TESTZA

illustrating
PG , TEST7A

PG ,

the use of
TEST9A .PG

TST19A.PG.

The display function is used to set up
DIS(S,E,N,X):
parameters for the displaying of yhdata stored
The display will begin with
starting point, S of the array and
display every Nth point while not exceeding the
desired endpoint, E (where N
l, 2, 3, ...).

in the user
the desired

array.

Depending

the value

the DIS

function has

two

separate operations.

Operation when X equals zero (X=¢): Indication
is given to the user-overlay-functions that a
SAM

function will be

the

BASIC

instruction.

Consequently the parameters mentioned above are
set up so that exactly one of the sampled
To
channels can be displayed 'on the fly'.
.understand the use of the arguments S,E,N,X;
it is necessary to know how the A/D data is
stored

in the

user

array.

lflfl samples/channel in each

Assume

EX.

CASE
SAM

ARRAY

CASE

CH#g

SAM CH

WD6

CH#H
CH#fl
CH#H
CH#fl
CH#fi
CH#E

CH#3
CH#4
CH#S
CH#3
CH#4
CH#S

wfilgg

CH#a

CH#3

WDl
WD2
WD3

WD4
WD5

display CASEl,

case.

#3,4,5

sampling begins:

once

‘

DIS(1plggrlrg)
To

display CH#4

of CASEZ,

sampling begins:

once

DIS(2,1¢¢,3,¢)
b.

Operation when X is greater than zero
A user array of y-data is to be
(XSfi):
The display is
displayed immediately.
continually refreshed (no return to
BASIC) until the operator types CTRL/N
on the keyboard.
‘

Note

Displayable y-data values
1a -bit single precision

are

assumed

data words.

The x-coordinate for each y—data value
2.
is determined by a DELTAX value found
as
follows:
DELTAX

the

1g23/[(E—S)/N]

of DELTAX, the display
may not always use the full width of the
scope.
However, the display is always
centered.
Due

'3.

SAM(C,N,P,T):

outcome

531; E35;

(E-S)/Ngl¢23.

one

point must be

than

lfl24 points

The

displayed
may be

least

disolayed.

function is used

sample

and

solely

set

'up parameters for subsequent sampling of the
ABC's

for

subsequent sampling of digital
(fir1,2) depending on the value

input registers
of
a.

T.
TASK

(T=¢):

First

C
N

gumber

Number

sampled;

¢§C§l7 8.

consecutive

channels

channel

sample;

the ADC's

Sample
to

lfN§(2¢8—C).
of

sample

points/channel; P#¢.

Sample digital input registers.

(T#g):

TASK

First

Number

figCgZ.

lgN5(3-C).
samples/register; P#¢.

Number

sampled;

input registers

consecutive

sample;

1.
Anytime a SAM instruction is used to sample
the ABC's, exactly one channel must be displayed
on the
However, the sampling rate is not
fly.
Hence a D18
slowed down by this requirement.
function call must precede a SAM function

Note

call whenever

TASK

chosen.

It is possible to display digital
input data as long as it is understood that
only the least significant 1g bits will be

displayed.

However,

this data

can

not

displayed‘on the fly’and can only be displayed
via

the

function

DIS

all

once

data

in the

array.

CLK(R,O,S):
used

R(rate)

The clock function
for A/D sampling,

for

at which

frequency

of R

lflfl

mU'IubUJNI-d
number

the

clock

input

clock

running

frequency, R.

¢§O§4¢95

the

(S=¢)

start

set

separate tasks.

start

not
up

ticks per interrupt
the desired

Activate all Schmitt
the clock when any one
Schmitt triggers fires.

(S#¢)

and
three

activate any Schmitt triggers
clock immediately.

the

mentioned above,
used

run

1M HZ

triggers

ng HZ
1¢¢K HZ

(Schmitt trigger)

with the clock

and

1K HZ

0(overflow CNT)

the clock

Frequency
External

digital input sampling,

simple timing device.

desired

Value

sets

the

this
clock

single
for

one

function
three

clock

Sample the ADC's.

TASKl:

interrupts are turned onland the program
waits in the display loop for a clock overflow; at which time the A/D channel(s) is (are)
The display loop will display the data
sampled.
for the channel Specified by the user in the
The

When all channels have been
function.
sampled the requested number of times, the
CLK function returns to BASIC.

DIS

Sample digital input registers.

TASKZ:

overflow, the digital input
When all
(are) sampled.
been sampled the requested
number of times, the CLK function returns
each clock

The sampled data from the ADC's or the
digital input registers is stored sequentially

N.B.

in the user's
TASK3:

array.

simple timing device.

is set up and
be started when a
fires) and then returns

The

following

are

needed

clock

illustrates what

for

each

started

(unless it

Schmitt

trigger

BASIC.

sequence

instructions

task.
'

TASK3

TASKZ

TASKl

Z=CLK(R,O,S)

A(n)

l)IMZZ\(n)

DIM

IJSFilk

USE A’

W=INI (I3)

W=INI(g)
Y=SAM(C,N,P,1)
Z=CLK(R,O,S)

X=DIS(C,N,P,T)
Y=SAM(C,N,P,¢)
Z=CLK(R,O,S)

1When interrupts
can

are turned on,
the only possible valid interrupts
Hence, any other interrupt
by the keyboard or the clock.
uncontrollable, spurious interrupt (faulty hardware) which will
a HLT at location 4466.
If this happens, do the following:

be caused
an

cause

set

SWITCH

switch

4476 and hit the ADDR LOAD

the console.
‘-

Next, hit the CLEAR and CONT switches
sole.

the

con-

This will return you to BASIC.

Typing CTRL/C will

return you to

the

08/8 Monitor.

With the clock

CLW(N):

having

been

set

CLK

simple timer, this clock wait function, when
called, simply returns to BASIC whenever a clock
overflow occurs; and/or whenever a Schmitt
trigger fires provided S was a non-zero argument
in CLK.

Upon

return

BASIC,

number

returned

the

caller indicating whether the return was due to
a clock overflow,
or a clock
a Schmitt trigger,
overflow and the firing of a Schmitt trigger
The number also indicates
simultaneously.
whether one of the above conditions occurred
before or after the CLW function was called.
N is a dummy argument
).
(N=¢,l,2
...

Below is a table illuStrating the various
numbers returned.
a.

Case

Overflow

Clock overflowed or a Schmitt
trigger fired after CLW is called.

only

Schmitt
l
2
3

5
6
7

Case

Clock

Trigger Only

(Trigger
(Trigger
(Trigger
(Trigger
(Trigger
(Trigger
(Trigger

Simultaneously

fired)
fired)
1&2 fired)
4 fired)
1&4 fired)
2&4 fired)
l,2&4 fired)
1

-1
-2
-3

—4

—5

-6
-7

overflowed or a Schmitt
before CLW is called.

trigger fired
Overflow

only

Schmitt

Trigger only,

Simultaneously
-9

—8

-1o

11
12
13
14

-11

-12
-13

-14
—15

Part

the

CLW

TEST4A.PG and TESTSA.PG make
function.

use

The CLW function has many useful applications.
Subroutine timing may be accomplished by starting
the clock with a specific rate and overflow count.
The subroutine is called, and at the end of the
subroutine the CLW function is called to see if

This timing is
an immediate return is obtained.
empirical in so far as one would keep changing the
rate and/or overflow count until Case 2 occurred.
Secondly, Schmitt trigger firing may be used to
branch to a particular subroutine or to notify
the program to proceed with specific tasks such
as reading digital data or sampling an analog
Thirdly, time interval histograms and
input.
and post stimulus histograms are also possible
(see TST2¢A.PG of Part C).

ADC(N):

This

function

floated and returned

examination.

any time one wishes to
The 1g bit data value is
to the caller for immediate

issued

sample A/D channel

flngl78.

The BASIC statement W=ADC(3) asks that
channel #3 be sampled and the floating
value be assigned to W.
TESTSA.PG of Part C

GET(M,L):

one

use

the

function.

ADC

illustrates

A/D
point

function is used to get one 12 bit word
from the user array, mask out certain bits and
return the result as a floating point number

This

the

to
L

caller.

location of the user array.
Hence, if
array has N single precision words, L can
take on meaningful values of l,2,3,...,N.

Lth

Although

allows 0 to be a
in a dimension statement
such as DIM A(¢), it must be understood
that L always begins with l, where 1 stands
for the first single-word location of the

Note:

array.
of one

BASIC

value

meaningful

Thus

A(¢) specifies an array
word (three one-word
point
floating
DIM

locations).
M

This
masking number such that fifM§4¢95.
is
to
a
converted
number
floating point
12 bit binary number between 0 and 7777.

Those bits that are zero will mask out or
eliminate those bits in the array value.
If M=¢, then no masking is done and the
12 bit array value is returned in tact.
M=¢ and M=4¢95 have the same meaning.
BASIC statement Y=GET(15,2) gets the
second word of the user array, masks out
all bits except bits 8,9,10,11 and assigns
the floating point result to Y.
Consequently,
if an array is as follows:

The

single
single
single

WD2

MASK

The

WDl
prec WD2

5678
1234

WD3

4455

prec

12348
1510

F1.

pt.

word

0010100111002
0000000011112
178

bit value

after

masking

000000001100

Hence,

is:
=

Y=12

For user assistance in understanding
decimal to octal to binary conversions one
is referred to the Introduction to Programming
Handbook.
Note:

10.

PUT(M,L):

This function enables a
be fixed to a single
the user's array.

bit word

For

single precision words, L
on meaningful values of l,2,3,...,N.
array of N

Both GET

and

PUT

functions

that

imply

take

can

The floating point number to be fixed
stored in the array.
¢§M§4¢95.

into

and put

location of the user's array.

Lth

number

floating point

and

user's

locations,
because of the general restriction on any argument
array must

not

for these

user

The

BASIC

fix

128

exceed

4¢96

memory

functions.

statement Y=PUT(128,4)

means

bits (000 010 000 000
and put the value into the 4th word
user

)

3f the

array.

TSTlSA.PG, TST16A.PG, TSTl7A.PG and
TST18A.PG illustrate
and PUT.

the

use

functions

GET

ll.

DRI(N):

This

function is

issued any time

one

wishes

digital input register, N (figNgZ).
The 12 bit digital value is returned to the
as a floating point number.
sample

Basic

result
DRO (M,N):

user

X=DRI(¢) means that input
sampled and the floating point

statement:

assigned

This

function is issued any time one wishes
the bits of a digital output register,
N(¢§N§2).. The output register bits are set
If M=¢, the
via the value of M (15M34g95).
output register is cleared, otherwise the bits
of the register remain set.
Hence, additional
bits of the register can be set while maintaining
those set earlier.
to

set

Basic
8 and

910

statement:

Z=DRO(9,1)

of output

set bits
if not already set.

means

0000000010012

TST13A.PG and TST15A.PG illustrate
the DRI and DRO functions.

the

use

The
the

following

kept

set

BASIC

programs

functions may be

user

simple

illustrates a number of ways
Each program has been

implemented.
possible.

It should be pointed out that for TST12A.PG, TST13A.PG and
TST15A.PG a battery powered 'black box' was used to interact
with the digital I/O registers.
The box contained a set of

switches which could

set

any combination

bits

for

the

digital input register, and it also contains a row of 12 lights
that were lighted by the contents of the 12 bit digital output
register.

0".“‘ND‘

When

PROGRAM

Rig-

running TST18A.PG,

the

data

NAMEITESTBA.PG

UDEP INICNJoPLYtY)pDLY(NJpDIS(5pE.NaX)
UDEF SAH(C:NpPpT)pCLK(RoUp5)ICLH(N)iADC(NJ
UDEF GETtH.LJ.PUT(MpL)pDRI(N):DRO[H.N)
DIM ACS42J
REM.

REM-GALE 1024 PTS 3 DISPLY ON FLYREM- NHEN DONE DISPLY EVERY 161H RT.
RE"-

10
11
12
2%
22
2a
26
29
3m
32

él

VPUIS(1Q132‘;‘Q.1)

49
59

REMRKH-CALC
REM.

'62
62

FOR

USE A
ZfllNICU)
FDR

NI:

1324

Y'lafiN'23/3071
leLYtYJ
wnDLvtzoad)
N

PTS

DISPLY

ONLY

2-1N1(@)
Nil

Yll2*N*1)161.1
66 ZIPLY(YJ
68 NEX1 N
7% VIUIS(1.30p1.1)
,

use

END

WHEN

DONE.

from

TSTl7A.PG.

nan.

PROGRAM

NAHEITESTIAhps

REMuoEr INItNlnPLY(YJprvtN).DIS(3:EoN-X)
uugp agncc,N,P,T).CLI(R.OaSJpCLhtNJIADCCNJ
UDEF GET(M0L)pPUT(MaLJIDPICNJIDRO(HpN3
DIN At342)
REM-

RLM-sAHPLE CHAN a (1%24
REM-0N THE FLY.
fihM-ifl INTERRUPTSISEC
REM.
USt A
usINIIEJ
WIDIS(1a1024a1.6)

TIMES)!

DISPLY

ALL

PTO

xuSAM(B.1.1024,6)
Y!CLK(6:IMUpE)
ZIDISC1olfi24p1.1)
REM-

REM-SAMPLE CHANNELS 0:1 (100 TIHES EACH).
REM-12 INTERRUPTS/SECI DISPLY CHAN 0 wHILE $ANPLING.
REM-thN DONE snow THREE DIFF DISPLYS!
REM-DISPLAY CHAN aquIT AN DISPLAY CHAN Iq-HIT AN DISPLAY CHANS 6&1USE A
usxhltfi)
H3018(102@@p2o23

xQSAM(B.2.1@0.B)
YECLKI3313303)
zuDlStlpZOflvfiol)
UIUIS(2920$0201)
VIDIS(1u2B%n1nIJ
ENU

PROGRAM NLHEITESTZAgPG

REHI

REM.
UOEF
UDEF
uoer

INICNJpPLYfY)oDLYlN):DIS(8uEIN0X)

5‘M(CINOF'T)'CLK(RIOOS)ICLu‘NJI‘DC(N)
GETthpL).PUT(H.L).DRI(NJ.ORocnuN)

DIM At3423
HtHo
fitM-CALC A PARABOLA OF 601 P78 AND DISPLY ON FLY.
RENO “HEN DONE DISPLY EVERY 1¢TH P1 OF PARABDL‘o
REM.

U5§ A

Z’INI(0)
FUR

Nli3fifi

azn

YICN'NJIIDGUQQ
XIPLYCY)
upochbul)
HEX?

V9013(1r691019013
‘

REM.
Run-BALE

REM-NHEN

A CUBIC OF 661 PTS I DISPLV
DONE DISPLY EVERY IGTH PT-

FLY

fitn-

zllfiltfi)
FOR

Nn-aaa

sac

YI(N*NIN+27QOQBOQJISAfioaatfl
XIPLY(YJ
HIDLYtbul)
NEXY

VDUIS(1;6%1:10.1)
END

PROGRAM

REM-

NAMEITE8T3‘.PG

HEN.

U05-P

INI(N)9PLYCY3aDLYCNJoDIS(SnEaNnX)

UDRF 3AMKCvNoPu73yCLKCNpOpS)ICLN(N)0ADC(N)

“DEF 557("0L3oPUTIMaLJnofiltNJIDRDCHIN)
01H A(3‘2)
REHRtM'ILLUSTRATE ABILITY TO ACCESS USER BUFFER.
REM'PUT NUMBERS 1'10 IN TO BUF IN THAT ORDER
REHDl READ THEM OUT IN THE REVERSE ORDER.
REM.

zlletaJ
FGR Na!
PRINT N
tam

RIPUT(TIN)
NEXT N.
FOR N91 T0
HFIION

PIGETKQIM)
PRINT P
NEXT N,
END

REM’TEST‘A,PG
RhM'
UDIP

OVG'G.6€~F

INI(N)0PLYCY)pDLYCN)0013(5oEaNpX)

U065 S‘H‘C.N.PJT)ICLK(R,O¢5)pCLutN)IADC(NJ
UDEF GE1CMIL)DPUT(MIL,IDthNJIDRO(HIN)
REF-SAMPLE CHAN a IF CLOCK 0.7.
REN'SAMPLE CHAN_1 IF SCHPITT GNLY
REM-SAMPLE CHAN 2 IF BOTH
REH'IF EARLY; YELL UQER
REHIfiUUTINE ALSO OUTPUTS

FIRE
Z

XlCLfitao‘QEUI1’
FDR

N81

l-CLwth
PRINT "Z'"ll
IF 200 6070 36
IF 216 6070 24
1? 2‘8 6070 34
IF 2-8 GOTO 40
50 T0 40
IF 21-8 5070 60
H8AOC(2)
GO TO 36
WPADC(U)
50 10 36

NIADCC1)
‘

PRINT H
so 10 42
FRINT "EARLY"
NEXT n
END

PROGRAM

REN-

UDhP

NAMEITESTSA.PG

INIIN)nPLYtY)pDLYCN).OIS(8¢E.N.X)

UDEF 8AM(C.NpPpY).CthfioflpSJgCLN(N3aADCIN)
UDEF GET(N0LJ-PUT(HaL3uDRI(NJcDRO(NIN3
01h A(542)
REH’
REM-USE CLK A8 A SIMPLE TIMER,
REM-SAMPLE CHAN a EVERY 41H sec & PUT VAL 10 T1?RbM-DD YHIS 10 TIMES'

REM-

X’CLKC304GQOQQ)
FOR 191 TO 1%
YaCLHIU)

Z'AECC9)
PRINT 1
NEXT I
Rt"-

REM-USE CLK A8 A SIMPLE TIMER.
REMoSAHPLE CHAN 1 TEN TIMES I SYNC OFF
REM-

XQCLK(4,4EOU.1)
FUR

Ill

YICLNCU)
ZEADC(1)
PRINT 2
NEXY 1
END

ANY

SCHMITT TRIG.

REHPROGRAM NAMEITE$T7A.PG
HEMUDiP INI(N)nPLYfY)uDLYINDaDIS($pEoNaXJ
Una? aAM(C.N.P.TJ.CLK(R.0.SJ.CLucNJ.ADCCNJ
UDE’ GET(M0LJoPUTfNoLJpDRICN)0590("0N3
DIN At342)

us& A
REM-DISPLAY
ZFINIIBJ

TRIANGLE

FUR NI: T0.36
YIN/30.!

HIPLY(Y)
Isl/36.1
UsPLYIZ)

PIOLYtItB)
NEXT N.
FUR N01 TO
nuam-N
YUM/60.1

ulPLvtvl

‘

Ill/50.1
UsPLY(Z)
PIDLYIIIB)
NEXT N

V'DISC1011801011
END

HEN“
REM”

UDE?
UDh‘

PROGRAM

NANEITEQTSA.PG
'

INltN)pPLY(YJaDLYtNDaDI3(5IEQNIX)
3AM(CpNoPpT)pCLKCROOISJOCLH(N)OADCCNJ

DIM A(3423
fit"-

REMUS‘HPLE CHAN 2
Fifi-HOWEVER
REM
‘

SYNC

19% TIMES,
OFF SCHHITT

DISPLY;
73153-

U$E A
wIIhIIQJ

u5018(1.10fio1.¢)
X'QAMCQp1I1UUQQJ
YICLK(3,16%01)
ZIDIs(1p103p1'1)
END

tfir-OCRbtwflhfl”C'Uus‘

MIDF

(IOHDKDNK)GWDO|§

PROGRAM

REHRE".

NAHEITESTOA.PG

UDEP INIKN).PLY(Y)pDLVCN).DIS(SnEoNpX)
UDtF SAN(C0N09pT):CLF(R900539CLN(N)uADCCN)
UDt? GET(”0L30PUT(N0LJIDRI(N)0090(H0N)
01H b(3‘2)
HLMO

HtMrCALC

PARABOLA

4E1

PTS

AND

DISPLY

FLY

REM.
U5: A

Z!1NI(%)
FUR Np-2GO

22a

Y|(N*NJI4GDBI
x-PLV(Y)
NIDLY(401)
Ntxw
at”.

CUBIC OF 401 P78 I DISPLAY 0N FLY. SHOH PARABOLA TOO.
DISPLY EVERY P1 I THEN EVERY tOTH PT.

fitMoCALC

REM-HHEN
REM-

DONE

FOR

Np-20u

?0@

Yl(hiNvN+BOBfiQ?O)IIBUOOGIO
x-PLYIY)

HIDLY(802)
NEXY

V'DISC1vBQ201p1)
VIDIS(10892v1%p1)
END

REW'TSTlflhnpfi
REM.
U02?

IN1(~)OPLY(Y)JDLY(NJUD!3(3OEINIXJ

UUIW QAHCCINIP07315LK(390083ICLH(N30ADC(N)
UDEF
01". A 3
REM’THIS ROUTN RETURNS 4 DIGITQIBBITS/DIGIT
USE A
z-lnlcwl
PfiINT "VALUE”
INPUT Y
ZQPUTtYnI)

gEICMpLJpPUTIMoL)oDiI‘N30030CHoN)

PIGETC7'1)
PfiINT

FIGETK5501)
PRINT 9

PlGETt‘laal)
PEINT

PIGET(358411)
PRINT P
50 TD 12
END

PROGRAM NAME TST12A.PG
REHREHREM-THIS ROUTN SAMPLES DIGITAL BOARD a1 TEN TIFES
REM-ONCE EVERY 4 Sit 8 PUTS THE VALUES INTO USER BUF
REM-THEN IT PRINYS OUT THE 19 VALUES
UDEF INILN).PLY(Y).DLYCN)ADXS(SAEINAX)
UDEF 5AM(c.N.P,T).CLKCR.0.SJpCLthJaADCCN)
UDEF GE!(HpL).PUT(NoLJoDPI(N)oDR°("aN3
DIM Atada)
-

uaE A
AIINIIEJ
x'3‘M(101'I001)

YIELK‘3p‘UUa'E)
FDR

N31

HIGET‘W'NJ
PRINT
NEXT
END

RENO
PROGRA? NAMEIT$T13lng
REM3 REH'TEST THE OUTPUT REG-SEE THE LIGHTS LITE UP
4 REH'DCT‘L INPUT LIGHTS THE LIGHTS AND THE LAMP?
5 REM. AN INPUT OF E CLEARS TH! CUTPUT REG
10 UUEF INI(N)IPLY(Y)aDLTCN)oDISCSonN0x)
11 UUEF SAHCCprP.T)cCLK(R.095)'CLW(N3.ADC(N)
'12 UDEF GET(M:L).PUT(NaLJaDPI(N)oDRDCNaN)
1‘ N'DROCUglJ
16 PRINT "NUMBER”

1
2

15
19
20
22
5%

INVUT Y
17 T09 GOTO
N’DFDCTpIJ
60 T0 15

END

gin.
PROGRAM ~AMEITSY15A.PG
Rthi
ugep qutN),PLY(YJ.OLYCNDoDIS(3nEI~IX3
UDIF sAM(c.~.P.T).CLKthOnSJoCL"‘N’v‘°C‘N3
UDEF 5ET(M.LJ.PuttM.L)aDRItNJrD“°("vN3
01H Ata)
afinn1H1S ROUTN nivunns a OIGITSIABITSIDIGIT(HA3K1N53
REM.11 FIRST ourpuws THE DECIHLL caurv 0! TH! NUNBER
use A
ZIIKIIB)

waURICIJ
PRINT

xaPuftwpxl
PIGETC150‘)
PRINT

PIGET(24@91)
PRINT

PIG£T(5542.1)
PRIkT
PKINT
INPUT

GO TO
END

"WASTE

TIME"

”

RENO
REM.

PROGFAM

NAME

TSTIGA.PG

U03? INIIN)IPLYCV)oDLYCN)p°15(SaEINOX)
UDEF 3AM(CINIPOTJICkafiaoos)OCLW(N30ADC(N,
UDEF GETCHOL)QPUT(N0L)IDRIIN)IOR°(H0N)
DIN AC3)
REM-THIS POUTN
REM'A USER BUF
USE A

SHOWS VHAT ANY
IS RETURNED AS

NIECIN¢84095 PUT
THE

SAME

ZIINI(U)
"NUMBER"
INPUT Y

XIPUTIYII)
ZFGETCUpl)
PFINT 2
'

GD 70
EM)

VALUE.

INTO

UOVOQUNO-

REHPROGHAM NAME! 78717l.P5
REM-FILL AN AERAY OF 3% WORDS NXTH THE FIRST
REM-KRITE THE ARRAY OUT TO DECTAPE.

UDE'

INI(~)IPLY(Y)IDLY‘N)ODIS(8IEONOX)

”DE? 8‘”(CDNOP1T)ICLK(HIOUS)'CLN(N)p‘DCCN)
UDEF GET(HIL)99UTCM0L)IDRICN)oDRo(”aN)
DIN AC9)
USE I
XIIhI(w)

to. . r-S FUR Nll T0 33

“woun- 0.9“}

“”0” SGO‘”

XIFUTINpN)
NEXT

FILEVN§:I"DTA::DA1A.PG"
FDR IOU T0 9
PRINT “181(1)
NEXT I
CLOSE ~1
END

INTEGERS.

REM PfiOGRAH NAME! TSTIBA.PG
REH-fiEAo INTO AN ARRAY 10 FL PT unscao
REH-hRITE OUT THE 36 INTEGER8 ON TTY
UDEF 1N1(N)IPLY(Y)oDLVCN10013159EoNpX)

OUOUDNDNDUOVOGN”O‘QODO$NU

UDEF

SAHKCoNoP.T).CLK(RpOpSJ.CLHCNJ,ADC(N)

UDEF
01h

557("IL)nPUTC”vL)vDRI(~)IDROCHON)
AC9)

USE A
FILEN ~18”DTA1!DATA.PG"
IIU TO 9
INPUY 813A(I)

FOR

CLOSE at
x-watel
FDR

INTEGERs

NI!

XIGETCUON)
PRINT x
NEXT N
£ND

FROM

MS)

PROGRAM

REMREH-

uoar
UutF
UDtF

NAME

T3119A.PG

INICN),PLvtv).DLYIN).DIS(5uE.NaX)
SAM(c,N,9,7),CLu(R.O.SJ.CLch).ADC(NJ
GET(HpLJ.PUT(H.L)pDRI(NJpDRO(HaN)

oxn Atlb)
REM.SAMFLE CHAN n 52 TIMES! SYNC
REM-1a INTERRUPTS/SECI NHEN DONE
REM-THEN NRITE OUT DATA To DTAII

OFF

SCHMITT!

DISPLY

TILL

USE A
NILNI(0)

N’DISCAISBrloe)
XISAM(B,1,56,%)
YICLK‘aplwfil‘)
2.018(‘0530:01,
FILEVN #1:"DTAIISAM.DA"
FUN I-m To 16
PNINT ~1:A(IJ
NEXT I
CLOSE #1
inn-DISPLAY A DNABOLA

P!IN1(@J
FDR

Na-2b

Y![NON11625.1
stLv(v)

NQDLYCSIJ
NEXT

VIDIS(1a51.1.1)
REM-RE‘D DATA BACK IN & DISPLAY
FILEN A1:"DTA1¢3AM.DAI
FOR 13a TO 16
IN?UT ~1:A(I)
NEXT 1
CLOSE #1
NI1N1(W)

Zlulstlofiwplpi)
END

BEFORE.

ANT

REM-PROGRAM NAMEIT8T20A.PG
REMUDEP INICN),PLYTY)pDLY1N).DIS(8;E.N.X)
’

2
3

UDKF SAHKCINIPOTJICL“(90003)OcLutNJp‘DC1N)
UDEF GET1M,LJ.PuTtM.L).ORItN)pORO(M.N1
1O DI" 1(1OOJ;Y(122111(67)
11 REM-Janele 1N LATENCYtuEPOOHS TILL DONE)
12 REM-T1IBIN HIOThtTIH) 1N MSUMO/ELK O. F. 1
13 REM-T2IBIN NIOTH OF LATENOY1ICLK O.F./EPOCH1
16 PRINT "J1. T1 121"
18 INPUT J1IT1p T?

‘

1'6
21 Jlfl
22 RED
23 YlCLK16nT1n1)
26 Zchwtwl
30 1F lua SOTO 10a
32 1F 21% GOTO 36
34 If Z¢8 GOTO sea
65 GO TO 56
36 1F Zt-B GOTO 292
2%

REM-INCR

38
39
99

1-9
GO TO 399
Rim-CLK O.F.

UNDERFLO

BIN

ONLYIBMP HIST SIN
131¢1
if 1¢?1OO GOTO 119
REM-END 0F TIME.BHP OVERFLO BIN
104‘XC1OOJIX(10$J¢1

192
122
195

166
109
110

1'9
HEM BHP LATENCY CTR
K!K¢1
IF KctTZ GOTO 25
RLM-AN EPOOH 18 DONE

112
113
114 RIO
116 J'Jfi1
117 fiEH-ALL DONE?
118 IF JIJ1 GOTO see
119 Run-MOE: EPOCHS TO GO?
120 EU TO 25
199 fiEM-CLK O.F. AND SOHHITT
229 X11)!X(IJ¢1
292 YCJJIY1JJ¢1
204 GOTO 196
299 iEH-SCHMITT TRIO ONLY
300 x111-X(I)¢1
362 Y1J)!Y(JJ*1
564
493
499

50%

TRIO

TO 25
REF-GET LARGEST BIN VALUE TO
REM-SCALE FACTOR FOR DISPLAY
USE A
GO

38: man
504 FOE
566
528

120

132

USED

12¢

l!x(11

IF 0902 6070 516
519 0-2
516 NExT I
549 REM-SCALE ALL BIN
550 hIINllwl
551 FOR 1’6 T0 129
552 1'11!)

VALUES

FOR

FAX

DISPLAY

554
555
556
596
599

Y!Z/(G+1)
k-FLvtv)

600

Gan
FOR 1-0 To 188
2-Ytl)
1F 0>IZ 6010 610
BIZ
NEXT 1
Rah-SCALE ALL LATENCY
FOfi 1-0 To 10¢
Zlvtl)
VIZ/(G01)

602
604

525

606
61!
699
700
702
704
796
705

NEXT I
Rah-GE? LARGEST LATEACY VALUE To BE
flan U320 As A scALE PACTUR $05 DISPLAY

VALUES FUR HA! DISPLAY

NSPLYKY)
NEXT I
fiEM-DISPLAY

'TIH'
71%
711 V!DIS(1;1$1.1.1)
712 Fin-DISPLAY
720
725
725
800

@2020?
1
LATEN§Y
§a333§§pLAy 9&1; 'TIH'
.

V‘DIS(1a2G2.1.1)
END

LATENCY

‘

SIDE

IV.

GETTING

DECtape

THE

OS/8

AIR WITH

BASIC

users:

Transfer the

user

overlays,

provided with

the

software

BASIC.UF from the DECtape,
kit to the 08/8 system

device.

LB PIP

:SYS:BASIC.UF<DTAn:BASIC.UF/I (where n=¢,1,2,...,7)
:+C
‘

Papertape

users:

Use the ABSLDR to read into core the user overlays
which are in binary format on the paper tape, pro—
vided with the software kit.
Then create a fsave
file' on the system device.

.R ABSLDR

EPTR:$:
._SAVE
V.

LABS/E

FUNCTION

INI(N)

S symbolizes striking the

(where

sys

BASIC.UF

MODE

key)

SUMMARY

EXPLANATION
Locate

the

address

the

user

array
the

initialize a pointer to start of
N is a dummy argument.

PLY(Y)

ALT

342121-4577

Y-data

created via

posited

into

the

user

BASIC

array

and

array.

program is de-'
sequentially.

fi:¥<l.flg
DLY(N)

Used

conjunction with PLY,

refreshed with

the contents of
after each point is processed.
N specifies the maximum number
be eventually displayed.

DIS(S,E,N,X)

the scope
the user

array
15N51¢24 and

points

Meaning #1

Set up paramaters to display
(X=¢).
sampling begins.
An array of y-data is to be
Meaning #2 (X#fi).
In both cases, the display
displayed immediately.
begins with point S of the array, and every Nth
point is displayed while not exceeding the desired
end point B.

data

ADC

once

SAM(C,N,P,T)

parameters for subsequent sampling
(T=¢) or sampling of digital input
C is the first channel # or
registers (T#¢).
N is the number of
input
digital
register #.
P is
consecutive channels or registers to sample.
the number of samples per channel or register.

Used

set

the ADC's

FUNCTION

CLK(R,O,S)

EXPLANATION

for A/D sampling, digital
for use as a simple timer.
R is the desired rate, 0 is the overflow count
and S activates the Schmitt triggers.
Set

the clock

input sampling

CLW(N)

This

function returns

the

caller

number,

indicating whether the clock overflowed
Schmitt trigger fired and whether these
before

ADC(N)

This

after CLW

one

wishes to

twelve (12) bit number from the user array
location L is masked with the number M and
returned to the caller.

GET(M,L)

PUT(M,L)

floating point number, M,

and

This

stored

in the

user

array

function is used any time

sample
DRO(M,N)

occurred

called.

function is issued any time

sample A/D channel

DRI(N)

was

digital input register

The bits of digital output
via the value of M.

fixed to 12 bits
location L.
one

wishes to

are

set

HOW TO OBTAIN SOFTWARE INFORMATION

Announcements for

new

and revised software,

well as programming notes,

software problems, and documentation corrections
Information Service in the following newsletters.

are

published by Software

Digital Software News for the PDP-8 & PDP-l2
Digital Software News for the PDP-ll
Digital Software News for the PDP-9/l5 Family
These newsletters contain information applicable to software available from
Digital's Program Library, Articles in Digital Software News update the
cumulative Software Performance Summary which is contained in each basic
kit of system software for new computers. To assure that the monthly Digital
Software News is sent to the appropriate software contact at your installation,

please check with the Software Specialist or Sales Engineer at your nearest
Digital office.
problems concerning Digital's Software should be reported to
Specialist. In cases where no Software Specialist is available,
a Software Performance
send
Report form with details of the problem to:
please
Questions

the Software

Software

Information

Service

Digital Equipment Corporation
I46 Main Street, Bldg. 3-5
Maynard, Massachusetts Ol754
These forms which are provided in the software kit should be fully filled out
accompanied by teletype output as well as listings or tapes of the user
program to facilitate a complete investigation. An answer will be sent to the
individual and appropriate topics of general interest will be printed in the
newsletter.

and

Orders for new and revised software and manuals, additional Software Performance Report forms, and software price lists should be directed to the
nearest Digital Field office or representative. U.S.A. customers may order
directly from the Program Library in Maynard. When ordering, include the
code number and a brief description of the software requested.

Digital Equipment Computer Users Society (DECUS) maintains a user library
and publishes a catalog of programs as well as the DECUSCOPE magazine
for its members and non-members who request it.
please write to:
DECUS

Digital Equipment Corporation
I46 Main Street, Bldg. 3-5

Maynard, Massachusetts Ol754

For further

information

LAB8/E

FUNCTIONS

FOR

08/8

DEC-8E-ALOSA-A-D

READER'S

COMMENTS

Digital Equipment Corporation maintains a continuous effort to improve the quality and usefulness
To do this effectively we need user feedback
your critical evaluation of

of its publications.

—-

this manual.
Please comment on this manual's completeness, accuracy,

organization, usability. and read-

ability.

Did you find errors in this manual?

If so, specify by page.

How can this manual be improved?

Other comments?

Please state your position.

Date:

Name:

Organization:

Street:

Department:

City:

State:

Zip or Country

BASIC

———————————————

————————————

-—FoldHere--‘-—---—-———-—-————--———

Do Not Tear

Fold Here and Staple

—

—.

—

-—

—

—-

-—

—

——

-—

—-

—

FIRST CLASS

PERMIT NO. 33

MAYNARD. MASS.

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES

Postage will be paid by:

Eflflfllafl
Digital Equipment Corporation
Software Information Services
146 Main Street, Bldg. 3-5
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754