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Document:	PDP-8 FLOATING-POINT SYSTEM PROGRAMMING MANUAL For additional copies specify
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PDP—B
FLOAT NG— POINT

SYSTEM

PZIOGSAIVIIVIING

MANUAL

For additionaI

copies specify Order No. DEC-08-YQYA-D to Program Library,

Digital Equipmenf Corporation, Maynard, Massachuse’rfs.
DIGITAL EOUIF’MENT CORPORATION

Price:

$2.00

MAYNARD. MASSACHUSETTS

lst Printing August l965

Printing January 1967
Printing June 1967
4th Printing November 1967
5th Printing Revised February 1968
6th Printing Revised July 1968
7th Printing January 1969
8th Printing April 1969
2nd

3rd

The Following are registered trademarks of Digital

Equipment Corporation, Maynard

Massachusetts:

DEC

PDP

FLIP CHIP

FOCAL

DIGITAL

COMPUTER

PREFACE

The PDP—8 comes to the user complete with an extensive selection of system programs
and routines making the full data processing capability of the new computer immediately

available to each user,

eliminating many commonly experienced initial programming

delays.
The programs described in these abstracts come from two sources, past programming
effort on the PDP-5 computer, and present and continuing programming effort on the

POP-8.

Thus the PDP—8 programming system takes advantage of the many man-years

of program development and field testing by PDP—5 users.

Although in many cases PDP-8 programs originated as PDP—5 programs, all utility and
functional program documentation is issued in a new, recursive format introduced with
the PDP-8

Programs written by users of either the PDP-5 or the PDP-8 and submitted to the users'

library (DECUS

Digital Equipment Corporation Users' Society) are immediately avail—

able to PDP-8 users.

Consequently, users of either computer can take immediate advantage of the continuing
program developments for the other.

CONTENTS

Chapter
I

INTRODUCTION

FLOATING-POINT REPRESENTATION

.......................................................

Arithmetic
Basic

.........................................................

Floating—Point Commands

Interpreter

...........................................

FLOATING-POINT INPUT/OUTPUT

......................................

3—1

................................................

3-1

..........................................................

3—1

Floating—Point Input
Flags

Rubout

........................................................

Floating-Point Output
Entry

...............................................

....................................

Program Example
The Basic Package
Subroutines

Addition

..................................................

....................................................

.........................................

....................................................

Multiplication
Division

.................................................

......................................................

........................................................

Square Root
Flag

....................................................

.....................................................

Summary of Basic Package
Entry Points

Flags

...........................................

....................................................

.........................................................

Commands

Storage

.....................................................

.......................................................

Fixed to

Floating/Floating to Fixed Point

Extended

Floating-Point Package

Sine

......................

......................................................

Subtraction

Square

...............................................

Description of Basic Function

Error

.......................................

.........................................................

Floating—Point Instructions

....................................

..............................

.....................................

..........................................................

3—3

3—4

CONTENTS (continued)

Sta—ptgr
3 (cont)

Page
Cosine

........................................................

Arc Tangent

Logarithm

...................................................

3-i2

.....................................................

3—i3

Floating Exponent
Output Controller

..............................................

Floating Point Package Versions

3—12

PROGRAM LISTINGS

......................................

...................................................

Floating Point Arithmetic Interpreter

4—]
4-1

..........

4-i4

...........

4—15

............................................

4—15

Floating Output "E" Format

.........................

...................................

4—17

.........

4—19

.....

4—23

.......

4—24

........

4—25

..............................................

4—26

................

4-27

Floating Point |nput....

........

Negation Subroutine

........................

........

...........................

..............

Floating Point Arc Tangent

Floating Point Sine

..........

........

..................

Floating Point Cosine
Floating Output Program

.................

..............

Floating Point Exponential

Floating Logarithm

3—l6

..............................

Double Precision Decimal-Binary

Floating Point Package

3—15

Floating Point l/O Routines

Input and Conversion

..................................

3—14

............

..............

...........

.......................................

..................

........................

4-28
4—3]

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

The PDP-8 Floating-Point System enables the programmer to concentrate on the logic of his computation
rather than on decimal points.

the computation,

The system maintains a constant number of significant digits throughout

thereby enhancing the accuracy of the result.

Floating-point notation is particularly useful for computations involving numerous multiplications and
divisions where magnitudes are likely to vary widely and where only crude predictions can be made as to

The main advantage of the PDP-8 Floating—Point System is derived

the amount of variation involved.

from the ability to store very large or very small numbers by storing only the significant digits together

with the exponent for that number.
must

In an integral or fractional fixed-point machine, the programmer

either include all of the 0's between the significant digits and the decimal point (and in so doing

loose considerable accuracy),

account for the

point in each step of his programming.

The PDP-8 Floating-Point System is constructed as a self-contained package which includes its own input,

arithmetic, and output routines.
to construct his own

It allows the programmer to use floating-point arithmetic without having

arithmetic subroutines.

For example, the polynomial:

Y=Ax3+BX2+CX+D
may be programmed as follOWs (the variables X and Y, and the parameters A,

registers of the same name):

JMS
FGET

|
A

FMPY X
FADD

FMPY X

FADD

FMPY X

FADD

FPUT

FEXT

/ENTER FLOATING PACKAGE
/LOAD PSEUDO AC
/MULTlPLY
/ADD
/MULTlPLY
/ADD
/MULTlPLY
/ADD
/STORE
/EXlT FLOATING PACKAGE

i-l

B, C, and D are stored in

CHAPTER

FLOATING-POINT REPRESENTATION

A floating—point number consists of a mantissa and

exponent.

For example, the decimal number 12 may

be represented as:

1200.0-10'2
120.00-1o'l
12.000-10o
1.2000-101
.12000-102
etc

where the exponents are the numbers -2, —l, 0,

Since the PDP-8 is a binary machine,

etc.

floating—point numbers are stored as floating—point binary internally.

For example, the binary number 110 (6 decimal) may be

11000.0.2'2
1100.00-2'l
110.000-20
11.oooo~21
1.1000022
.11oooo-23
etc

represented as:

(24-1/4==6)
(12-1/2
(6-1

(3.2

6)
6)

(3/2 4 =6)
(3/4-8

Notice that the binary exponent is always a signed integer.

The PDP-8 Floating-Point System uses the

convention:

1/25 IMANTBSAI<1.
When this is true, the word is said to be normalized.

The value of the number is then:

MANTISSA-ZEXPONENT
where the MANTISSA is a signed quantity.
retained.

The result of this convention is that more significant bits are

For example, the number .10 (decimal) is equal to:
2-]

0.00 011001
in

100

110

011001

1001110 011001

100110....

binary.

When this word is stored in two 12—bit words (24 bits), the leading 0's are nonsignificant and only 20 bits
of significance

are

maintained.

2-3. 0.11 001

If the number is rewritten as:

100110

001

100110

001

100110....

and the mantissa stored in two 12-bit words, 23 bits of significance are maintained.

The exponent is stored in a third word making a total of three words for storage.

sign of exponent

binary exponent 2's complement
“Wed qm‘”

E
sign of mantissa

—El::l
:
The number .1
111

high order mantissa word
low order mantissa word

(decimal) would be stored as:

111

101

[011001100110

011001100110

written in octal:

7775

3146

The address of this number would be considered 2146 if it were stored as follows:
21 46/7775
21 47/31 46

2150/31 46
The number-. 1 (decimal)would be -.063146314(ocfol)which150.000110 011001 100110 011011 100

(binary).
Normalized, this becomes:

(2-3)8'(0.

11 001 100110 011 001 100

110)2

Complemented and incremented to become the negative 2's complement
this becomes:
which is:

(2-3)8-(1.OO110
(2‘3)8-(4
6

011001 100110
3

2—2

011010)2
3

This number would be stored (within octal) as:
7775

exponent of -3

463]

high order mantissa word

4632

low order mantiss Word

(in magnitude) than l/2 and less than 1, its binary point is considered to

Since the mantissa is greater

be between bit 0 and bit 1 of the high order mantissa word.

Further examples:
12 (decimal)

1100.

(24) (0.1 l000000000000000000000)

would be stored as (written in octal):
0004
3000
0000

Octal

Decimal

-i

000]

6000

0000

—i 0

-8

0004

6000

0000

2000

0000

0002

3000

0000

0004

3000

0000

7777

2000

0000

12 3456

0004

3054

i7i i

12 3456

0004

4723

6067

14. 26074475
-

14. 26074475

Floating Binary

Convert the decimal number i .6 to PDP—8 floating-binary form for storage.

An easy method to convert a decimal fraction to an octal fraction is illustrated below:

X?
1-” .3
x

6)
x

l.6]0=l.463l463l8
=

l.l00ll00llOOil00HOOll00l
1

=(2 ) (0.ll00li00ll00llOOllOOllO)

8
.2

=000l

2—3

3146

15.6

flTHMETIC
Since floating-point numbers are stored in a three-register format, the floating-point system uses a

”psuedo'

floating accumulator (FAC) which consists of three registers in the floating-point package: 44, 45, and 46.
Register 44 contains the exponent; 45 and 46 contain the high and low order parts of the mantissa,

respec-

tively.

BASIC FLOATING-POINT COMMANDS

The basic floating—point commands include the following:
load floating accumulator
store

floating accumulator

add to

floating accumulator

subtract from floating accumulator

multiply by floating accumulator
divide into floating accumulator
normalize floating accumulator

All arithmetic operations are called through an interpreter.
almost identical

The command codes have a format that is

the format of the PDP—8 memory reference instruction,

ADDRESS

where the op code is from 000 to lll

namely:

08 78.
-

W
The interpreter contains,
struction to be executed.

all times, the address of the memory location containing the next pseudo in—

This is initially stored when the program enters the interpreter using a JMS

2-4

instruction.

When the interpreter encounters an instruction with an op code of 0 and with bits 8—H of

the pseudo instruction equal to 0, it exits to the next memory location.

FLOATING-POINT INSTRUCTIONS

The floating—point instructions are:

Op Code

Mnemonic

FADD

Effect

Floating Addition
Add the contents of the effective address
to

FSUB

the floating accumulator.

Floating Subtract
Subtract the contents of the effect address
from the floating accumulator.

FMPY

Floating Multiply
Multiply the floating accumulator by the
contents of the effective address.

FDIV

Floating Divide
Divide the floating accumulator by the
contents of the

FGET

Floating Get
Load the floating accumulator with the
contents of the

FPUT

effecitve address.

effective address.

Floating Put
Store the contents of the floating accumulator
at

the locations specified by the effective

address.

The contents of the floating accum—

ulator are unchanged.

FNOR

Floating Normalize
Normalize the contents of the floating

accumulator.

is decoded as follows:

0
Bits 8-H

0000

Floating Exit
Return control to following instruction

0001

Floating Square
Square the contents of the floating ac—
cumulator

2-5

Floating Square Root

0010

Take the root of the absolute value of the

floating accumulator
=

Expandable commands

0011-1111

This may be summarized:
FADD

Y; 1000; C(FAC) + C(Y) 9 C(FAC)

FSUB

Y; 2000; C(FAC)- C(Y) ->

FMPY

Y; 3000; C(FAC) x C(Y) -> C(FAC)

FDlV

Y, 4-000; C(FAC)+ C(Y) ->

FGET

Y; 5000; c009 C( FAC )

FPUT

Y; 6000; C(FAC)

C(FAC)

Result is
normalized

C(FAC)

C(Y)
unchanged

9 C(Y)

FNOR

;

7000; C(FAC) normalized —> C(FAC)

FEXT

0000; exit from interpreter to instruction following this command

SQUARE

;0001; C(FAC)2

SQROOT; 0002; C(FAC)

—>

C(FAC)

V2.9 C(FAC)

The assembler recognizes all of these mnemonics except for SQUARE and SQROOT which may be defined
as:

SQUARE=0001
SQROOT=0002

The floating-point interpreter is entered with an effective JMS 5600.

For example:
S QR OO T=0002
*7
5600
*200

JMS I 7
FGET A
S QROOT

FPUT l B
FEXT
HLT

0003
2000

0000

300

200/
201/
202/
203/
204/
205/
206/
207/
210/
21 1/

4407
5206
0002
6611

0000

7402
0003
2000
0000
0300

When this program is started at 0200, it will halt at location 205.

44/
45/
40/

0002

206/
207/
210/

0003

300/
301/
302/

0002

2000
0000

2000

floating accumulator contains

2.0,i.e.,(4.ofl/?

0000

2000

answer

stored here

0000

2-7

The state of the machine will be:

CHAPTER

FLOATING-POINT INPUT/OUTPUT

FLOATING-POINT INPUT
The basic floating-point package contains an input routine to read characters from the 33 ASR keyboard.

Numbers are read in in decimal and converted to the internal floating-point binary format.
is floating decimal.

Input format

The number 726.7 may be read in in any of the following forms:

726.7

.7267E3
.7267E+03
+7267E-i
etc

Input is terminated when a character is typed that is not a part of this format.

The conversion of "12.0."

would be terminated on the second “ .“ and the binary number:
000000000100

(octal 0004)

011000000000

(octal 3000)

000000000000

(octal 0000)

would be in the floating-point accumulator upon completion of the conversion.

Flags
There are several
0056

flags associated with the input routine that are useful to the programmer.
This register is a switch that has the following meaning:
If C(56)
if C(56)

0, do not type a line-feed after a carriage-return was read.
7777, type a line—feed when a carriage-return is inputted.

This switch is initially set to 7777.
0057

This register contains the character that terminated the input conversion

0060

This register contains 0000 if no input conversion was made; i.e.,
space or other terminator was initially typed.

The input routine is entered with an effective JMS 7400.
the calling JMS upon receipt of a terminator.
normalized floating-binary.

It returns control to the instruction

The floating accumulator contains the input number in

dicates whether or not there was a valid

input.

For example:

7400
*7

5600
*200
JMS I 5
JMS I7

/INPUT ROUTINE
/CALL FLOATING POINT

FPUT A

FEXT
JMS | 5

JMS l 7
FPUT B
FEXT
HLT

000

When this program is started at 0200 and the following is typed:
X2.0Y

The program will halt at location 02IO, and A and B will contain

0
0
0

and

C(57)

following

0331, the second TERMINATOR

0002

2000
0000

The first input was considered a 0 because a terminator "X" was inputted.

3-2

and

C(0060) in—

This program could be written to ignore the non—numeric information as follows:
*5

7400
*7

5600
*200

/CALL INPUT ROUTINE
/ANY VALID INPUT?

JMS I 5
TAD 60

SNA

CLA

/NO IGNORE
/YES
/STORE IT

JMP .-3

JMS I 7
FPUT A
FEXT

JMS I 5
TAD 60

/GET NEXT

SNA CLA

/VAL|D?
/NO IGNORE
/YES
/STORE IT

JMP .—3
JMS I 7
FPUT B

FEXT

/HALT

HLT

0
o
o

o
o

$
Register 57 may be used for integrating control characters into the input.

Ru bout

There is one special input character, the rubout.

If it is struck before an input delimiter, the input 'rou-

tine is restarted and previous numbers deleted.

For example,

assume

the input routine has been entered.

The input routine would exit with 1 (decimal) in the floating accumulator or:

44/

000]
2000

0000

3-3

FLOATING-POI NT OUTPUT

The basic floating-point package contains an output routine.

Upon entry the contents of the floating ac-

cumulator are converted to floating—point decimal and typed out on the ASR 33in the following format:
3:0 XXXXXXXEiXX
.

For example, if the floating accumulator contained:

44/

0002
2000

0000
and the output routine were entered,
+0 2000000E+OI
.

would be typed.

Entry
The output routine is entered by an effective JMS 7200.

After outputting the contents of the floating ac-

cumulator, it returns control to the instruction following the calling JMS instruction. The contents of the

floating accumulator are lost. The floating-output routine has a flag or program switch in location 0055
on

page 0

If C(0055) does not equal 0, type a carriage—return/line-feed following each output.

ally contains 7777.
Program Example

/SOLVE THE QUADRATIC EQUATION

/AX2+BX+C=O FOR VALUES
/OF A, B, c.

TYPE OUT ROOTS

SQROOT=0002
SQUARE=OOOI
*5

/POINTER TO INPUT ROUTINE
/PO|NTER TO OUTPUT ROUTINE
/PO|NTER TO INTERPRETER

7400
7200
5600

*200

KCC
TLS

BEGIN,

JMS I 5
JMS | 7

/INPUT A
/ENTER INTERPRETER

3—4

This location initi-

FMPY TWO
FPUT A

/2.0
/STORE 2.0-A

FEXT

JMS | 5
JMS I 7
FPUT B

/INPUT B
/ENTER INTERPRETER
/STORE B

FEXT

JMS | 5
JMS I 7
FMPY TWO
FMPY A
FPUT TEMP

/INPUT C
/ENTER INTERPRETER
/MULTIPLY BY 2.
/MULTIPLY BY 2A
/4AC

FGET B

SQUARE
FSUB TEMP

SQROOT
FPUT TEMP

/B SQUARED
/B SQUARED -4AC
/TAKE SQUARE ROOT
/STORE IT

FGET B
FPUT B

/-1.3
/STORE

FSUB TEMP

/-B-SQUARE ROOT

FMPY MINI

—

FDIV A

FEXT

JMS I 6

JMS I 7
FGET B
FADD TEMP

/ANSWER IN FAC
/OUTPUT IT
/ENTER INTERPRETER
/-B
/'B + SQUARE ROOT

FDIV A
FEXT

JMS I 6

JMP BEGIN

TWO,

0002

/ANSWER IN FAC
/OUTPUT IT
/CONTINUE
/CONSTANT 2.0

2000
0000

MINI,

0001

/CONSTANT -I .0

6000
0000

TEMP,

OOOOOO

Both the input-conversion routine and the output-conversion routine use a typeout subroutine that contains
the

instructions:

3-5

TSF

JMP .—l
TLS

CLA

This means that the teleprinter flag must be set when these routines are entered or it must be in the process
of typing.

A TLS instruction can be put into the initialization section of a program.

THE BASIC PACKAGE

Subroutines
When the floating-point interpreter encounters a 0 op code, it further decodes bits 8—H

equal 0, the interpreter exits.
address of Cl subroutine.

If the bits are nonzero,

If these bits

they are used in a table look—Up to specify the

The called subroutine may use the floating-point interpreter, the input,

output, but it may not Use bits 8-11

interpreter listing.

to call

another subroutine.

the

The look-up table is on page 16 of the

For example, if the user wished to define a routine that negated the contents of the

floating accumulator, the following steps would be taken:
On page 6 of the interpreter listing, there is a routine to negate the floating accumulator.
routine and has,

entry point, the address 6000.

It is a sub-

If the negate subroutine were to be called by 0010 in

the interpreter mode, the word 6000 would be placed in address 6554 of the calling table.

Input and out—

put could be called in the interpreter mode if 7400 were placed in 6555 (001 l) and 7200 were placed in
6556 (0012).

NEGATE

0010

INPUT

0011

OUTPUT

0012

SQUARE

0001

5600

*200

ch
TLS

JMS I 7
INPUT

SQUARE
NEGATE
OUTPUT
FEXT
HLT

/ENTER INTERPRETER
/CALL INPUT ROUTINE
/s QUARE IT
/CALL OUTPUT ROUTINE
/CALL OUTPUT ROUTINE
/EX|T
/HALT

3—6

DESCRIPTION OF BASIC FUNCTION

Addition

Floating-point addition is carried out by first aligning the binary points of the two numbers. This is ac-

complished by scaling the smaller number to the right. Then the mantissas are both scaled right once so
that overflow will not occur into the sign bit.

A 2's complement addition of the mantissas is then made.

The result is normalized and control returns to the interpreter.

Can operands be aligned?

This may be represented as:

fl
No

Yes

Align Exponents
Add Mantissas

Normalize
Return to Interpreter

Put

larger number in FAC

I
Subtraction

Floating-point subtraction is accomplished by negating the operand, and then calling the addition subprogram

Negate Operand
Call Addition

Multiplication
Floating-point multiplication is accomplished by adding the exponents together and then performing a

double-precision multiplication. The result is normalized and control returns to the interpreter.
Add Exponents

Multiply Mantissas carrying result to 35 bits
Normalize
Return to

Interpreter

Division

Floating-point division is accomplished by subtracting the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of
the dividend.

The mantissa is divided and the result is normalized.

3—7

Control returns to the interpreter.

diviior

-—————1
Yes

Subtract Exponents
Divide Mantissas

H to error flag

Normalize

Set result to highest possible

Return to

interpreter

Square
The square routine calls the multiplication routine internally.

Square Root
The square root is calculated using Newton‘s method in which an initial approximation is made and then
each succeeding approximation is calculated.

The routine exits when two successive approximations are

equal to within the least significant bit of the mantissas.
Form first approximation,

X], of V N:

then:
N

xi+1_1/2(xi+ 3C)
_

IX.
I

I+l

I < least significant bit?

rial

Yes

Return to interpreter

Error Flag
Division by 0 causes C(61) to be incremented by l.

The quotient is set to the highest positive number.

Attempting to extract the square of a negative number causes C(6l) to be incremented by l
the absolute value is taken.

The contents ofél are set to O at the beginning of each divide and square root operation.

The root of

SUMMARY OF BASIC PACKAGE

Entry
5600

Arithmetic Interpreter

7400

Floating Input

7200

Floating Output

Points

NOTE: Both the input and the output routines require that register 7 contains
the interpreter entry point:
5600.

Flags
55

If 75 0, type carriage—return/line—feed after output.

”74 O,/follow each input carriage-return by a line-feed.

Contains the input terminating character.

Equals 0 if no valid input.

is nonzero if (a) divide by 0 or (b) square root of a negative number.

Commands

FADD

lOOO

Floating Add

FSUB

2000

Floating Subtract

FMPY

3000

Floating Multiply

FDIV

4000

Floating Divide

FGET

5000

Floating Get

FPUT

6000

Floating Put

FNOR

7000

Floating Normalize

FEXT

0000

Floating Exit

SQUARE

000]

Square

SQROOT

0002

Square Root

0003

Expandable
0017

3—9

Storage
The floating accumulator is in registers:
44

4-5

Exponent

High Order Mantissa
Low Order Mantissa

The basic floating-point package (Digital 8-5A-S) uses memory locations:

7; 40-61; 5600-7577

FIXED TO FLOATING/FLOATING TO FIXED
Since the floating—point package stores numbers in the following format:

Ill

l
Signed Exponent

2's Complement Signed Mantisa

l mplied Binary Point

and since the exponent indicates where the real exponent is, this
vert

information may be used to either con—

floating-point number to fixed point or to convert a fixed-point number to floating point.

For example,

assume

that there is an integer in the accumulator that is less in magnitude than 2047.

float this number, the following sequence of steps may be employed:

FEXT

/PUT INTO HIGH-ORDER MANTISSA
/PUT o INTO LOW-ORDER MANTISSA
/H (10) INTO
/EXPONENT
/CALL INTERPRETER
/NORMAL|ZE
/LEAVE INTERPRETER

0013

/H (DECIMAL)

DCA 45
DCA 46
TAD as

DCA 44

JMS | 7
FNOR

cm,
At point C,
or

have set the binary point of the integer to the right end of the high order mantissa word,

eleven (decimal) locations to the right of the implicit binary point.

To float this number, the floating accumulator is scaled right until the exponent contains the location of

the desired binary point.

To fix the floating accumulator as an ll-bit signed integer, the following se—

quence of coding may be employed:

CLA

/FETCH EXPONENT
/IS THE NUMBER <I ?
/NO:
/YES: FIX IT TO 0

TAD 44

SZA SMA
JMP .+3
CLA

JMP DONE+I

DONE,

JMP 00
TAD 45

/NO: SET BINARY POINT AT
/II (I0) PLACES TO RIGHT OF CURRENT POINT
/IT IS ALREADY THERE: ALL DONE
/TEST TO SEE IF IT IS TOO LARGE
/YES: NUMBER >2**I]
/NO: SET SCALE COUNT
/0 TO C(L)
/FETCH MANTISSA
/IS IT <0?
/YES: PUT AI IN LEFT BIT
/SCALE RIGHT
/RESTORE IT
/TEST IF SHIFTED ENOUGH
/NO: CONTINUE
/ANSWER IN C(AC)

M13,

-I3

/-II (DECIMAL)

TAD MI3

SNA

JMP DONE
SMA

JMP ERROR
DCA 44

GO,

CLL
TAD 45
SPA

CML
RAR
DCA 46
I52 44

This may be coded as a subroutine.

EXTE N DED FLOATI NG-POI NT PACKAGE

The extended floating-point package contains the following additional commands:
0003

Floating Sine
Take the sine of the angle in the floating accumulator (considered to be in

radians) and leave the result in the floating accumulator.
0004

Floating Cosine
Take the cosine of the angle in the floating accumulator (considered to be
in radians) and leave the result in the floating accumulator.

0005

Floating Arc Tangent
Take the arc tangent of the number in the floating accumulator and leave
the result (in radians) in the floating accumulator.

0006

Floating Exponent
Raise e to the C(FAC) power.

,0007

Leave the result in the floating accumulator.

Floating Logarithm
logarithm of the absolute value of the number in the floating

Take the natural
accumulator.

3—H

Sine

The sine routine uses the following identities:

SlN(-X)=-S|N(X)
SI N(X)=SI N(2 1r N+F)=Sl N(F)

where O<F<21rand N is an integer:

S|N(1r-F)=-S|N(F)
Using these identities,
If Y

F is reduced to the range -1r/2<F<1;/2.

2F/1T so that -l<F<l, then:
3

SIN(X)—(C]F+C3F +C5F +C7F +C9F )
where:

1 .57079631847

-0.64596371106

+0 07968967 928

—0.00467376557

+0.000151484l9

The sine subroutine is valid over the range:
—21r

2047<X<21T 2047
.

Cosine

The cosine routine uses the identity:

COS(X)=SIN(1r/2-X)
It then uses the SINE routine.

Arc

Tangent

The arc tangent routine uses the following identities:

ARCTAN(-X)=-ARCTAN(X)
IF X>,

i; then ARCTAN(X)=1r/2—ARCTAN(l/X)

FOR O<X<l ,

ARCTAN(X)

X(A0+A] X2+A2X4)

——

BO+B1 X +B2X

where:

+0.6402481953

+0 4229908144

+0 026469436]
.

+0 6402487022
.

+0 6363779373
.

+0 1 108328778
.

The result is in the range:

-11/2<ARCTAN(X)<1T/2
—m<x<m

Logori’rhm
The logarithm routine uses the identities:
For X<];

LOG(X)=LOG(2

-F) (1<F<2)

=NLOG(2)+LOG(F)
8

LOG(1+Y)=

g
c=1

AiY'

where:

A1
A

+0 9999964239
.

-0 4998741238
.

+0 3317990258
.

+0.2407338084

A4
A5

+0.]6765407H

-0 0953293897
.

3—13

+0 0360884937
.

-0 0064553442
.

for:
0<X<i , the identity:

LOG(X)=-LOG(i/X) is used

Floating Exponent
The exponent routine uses the identity for X>O,

8X: 2 X I092e=2N+F: 2 N 2F
-

where N is an integer and <F<i

where:
A

+9.95459578

+0.03465735903

+617.97226053

+87 .417497202

Logzezi .4426950409
If X<O
i

“'X
e

Example, input A, B, and output:
Y

LOG(COS(A/B)+\/ A- B)

SQROOT=0002

/DEF|N|T|ONS TO ASSEMBLER

COS=OOO4
LOG=OOO7
*5

7400
7200
5600

/USES EXTENDED INTERPRETER

*200

KCC
TLS

BEGIN,

JMS I 5
JMS I 7
FPUT A
FEXT

JMS I 5
JMS I 7
FPUT B
FMPY A

SQROOT
FPUT TEMP
FGET A
FDIV B

COS
FADD TEMP

LOG

/INPUT A
/ENTER INTERPRETER
/STORE A
/EXlT
/INPUT B
/ENTER INTERPRETER
/STORE B
/A-B
/EXTRACT ROOT
/STORE IT
/LOAD FAC WITH A
/DIVIDE BY B
/TAKE COSINE
/ADD
/TAKE LOG.

FEXT

JMS I 6

/OUTPUT ANSWER

JMP BEGIN

OOOOO

TEMP,

Output Controller
There is an additional routine available that formats floating-point output.

It is available with both the

basic floating-point package and the extended package.

The controller routine requires two parameters for output formatting.

It is called by an effective JMS 7200.

At this point:

C(62)
’C(AC)

total number of digits to be outputted.

If C(62)=O, output in E format.

number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
not

type

If it equals 0, do

If the number in the floating accumulator is larger than the field width allows, ”X's" will be typed.

sign is typed and leading 0's are suppressed.

Example:

If the contents of the floating accumulator are 678.234 (decimal).

3—15

The

A 0“ N \_/

Output

C(AC)
+

ONw0\014>.pw #ONN-JO

678

678.2

678.23

+
+

678.23
678.

+XX
+

O.678234E+O-3

FLOATING POINT PACKAGE VERSIONS

Four versions of the

floating-point package are available:

DEC—O8—YQIA—PB

This is the basic
instructions.

floating—point package.

It consists of the

input/output package and the basic arithmetic

Its core limits are:

5-7,- 40~6 I; 5600—7577

DEC-OS-YQZA—PB

This is the basic floating—point package with the output controller.

Its limits are:

7; 40—62,- 5400—7577
The output controller does not type a carriage-return/Iine-teed after output and, hence, the programmer
must

provide his own routine to do so.

Because of the way in which the typeout routine in the

floating—

point packages are constructed, the user must construct similar typeout routines in order to avoid timing
errors

in the

teleprinter.

In other words, the

floating-point package uses a routine similar to:

TSF

JMP .—I
TLS
to

set

do its typing.

‘

The user must use a similar routine, i.e.,

one

that waits for the teleprinter flag to be

before executing the TLS instruction.

DEC—O8—YQ3A—PB

This is the basic floating-point package with the extended functions.
mands are provided for input and output.

In addition, two

The additional interpretive commands are:

3—16

interpretive com—

SINE
COSINE
ARCTANGENT

EXPONENTIAL
LOG
INPUT
OUTPUT

_|_.|

#wfiono

Its core limits are:

7,- 40-61,- 4757-7577
Using this package, the routine on page 3—I4 and 3-I5 for calculating:

Y=LOG(COS(A/B)+ x/ A- B) may be rewritten as:
SQROOT=2
COS=4
LOG=7
INPUT=I3
OUTPUT=I 4
*7

5600
*200
KCC
TLS

BEGIN,

JMS I7
INPUT
FPUT A
INPUT

/CALL INTERPRETER
/READ A
/STORE IT
/READ B

FPUT B
FMPY A

/A-B

SQROOT
FPUT TEMP
FGET A
FDIV B

FCOS
FADD TEMP
FLOG

OUTPUT
FEXT
JMP BEGIN

TEMP,

OOOO

/(A- B)** .5

DEC—08—YQ4A-PB
This is the basic package, the output controller, and the extended functions.
have the interpretive I/O commands of input and output.

7; 40-62; 4557—7577

Its core limits are:

This package does not

CHAPTER

PROGRAM

USHNGS

/FLOAT1NG POINT ARITHMETIC INTERPRETER
*40

/OPERAN D STORAGE

0040

0000

0041

0000

AC1H,

0042

0000

AC1L,
OVER1,
EXP,
HORD,
LORD,
OVER2,

0043

0000

0044

0000

0045

0000

0046

0000

EX] ,

0047

0000

0050

0000

EXPI ,

0051

0000

0052

0000

QUOL
FPAC1,

0053

0000

0054

0000
*6]

0000000

0061

0000

5600

0000

5601

7300

CLA CLL

5602

3043

5603

3047

DCA OVER1
DCA OVER2

5604

1600

TADIFPNT

5605

3253

DCAJUMP
TADJUMP
ANDPAGENO

FLAG,

flA.

/AR ITHMET IC ERROR FLAG

*5600

5606

1253

5607

0263

FPNT,

5610

7650

SPJAICLA

5611

5214

JMP.+3

/GET NEXT INSTRUCTION

/GET PAGE BIT
/PAGE ZERO?
/YES
/NO
/C(FPNT)O—4 CONTAINS PAGE BITS

5612

1261

TAD MASKS

5613

0200

AND FPNT

5614
5615

3256

DCA ADDR

1262

TAD MASK7

5616

0253

ANDJUMP

5617

1256

TAE)AJ)DR

5620

3256

DCA ADDR

5621

1264

TAD INDRCT

5622

0253

ANDJUMP

5623

7650

SNA CLA

5624

5227

JAAP LCDCDP01

/NO-'GOVON

5625

1656

TADIADDR

/YES DEFER

5626

3256

DCA ADDR

/IND|RECT BIT=1?

ISZFPNT

5627

2200

5630

1656

5631

3040

DACEX1

5632

1256

TADADDR

LOOPO1,

/GET 7 BIT ADDRESS

TADIADDR

/EXPONENT

4-1

5633

3257

5634

2257

ISZ SAVE

5635

1657

TAD l SAVE

5636

3041

DCA AC1H

5637

2257

ISZ SAVE

5640

1657

TAD I SAVE

5641

3042

DAC AC1L

5642

1253

TAD JUMP

5643

7106

CLL RTL

5644

7006

RTL

5645

0260

AND MASK3

5646

1265

TAD TABLE

5647

3254

DCA JUMP2

5650

1654

TAD I JUMP2

5651

3254

DCA JUMP2

5652

5653

5654
0000

JMP | JUMP2
0

5654

0000

5655

0000

5656

0000

5657

0000

5660

0017

5661

7600

5662

0177

5663

0200

5664

0400

5665

5666

5742

EXIT

5667

5716

FLAD

5670

5737

FLSU

5671

5761

FLMY

5672

6305

FLDV

5673

5676

FLGT

5674

5705

FLPT

5675

5773

5676

1040

5677

3044

DCA SAVE

JUMP,
JUMPL
c3c>2,
ADDR,
SAVE,
MAS K3,
MAS K5,
MAS K7,
PAGENO,
HQDRCT,
TABLE,

/H IGH ORDER MANTISSA

/LOW ORDER MANTISSA

/GET BITS 0-2, IE OPCODE
/LOOKUP IN TABLE

/GO THERE

0
0
0

0017
7600
0177
0200

0400
.+1

/TABLE USED IN INTERPRETING
/BITS 0-2 OF PSEUDO
/INSTRUCTION

/IF OPCODE=O, GO TO EXIT
/AND INTERPRET BITS 8-11

NORF

FLGT,

5700

1041

DCA EXP
TAD AC1 H

5701

3045

DCA HORD

5702

1042

TAD AC1 L

5703

3046

DCA LORD

5704

JMP FPNT+1

5705

5201
1044

5706

3656

5707

FLPT,

/FGET=5

TAD EX1

/FPUT=6

TAD EXP

2256

DCA I ADDR
ISZ ADDR

5710

1045

TAD HORD

5711

3656

DCA I ADDR

5712

2256

ISZ ADDR

5713

1046

TAD LORD

5714

3656

DCA I ADDR

5715

5201

JMP FPNT+1

5716

4771

5717
5720

JMS I ALGN

/FLAD=1

5201

JMP FPNT+1

/RETURN

4772

JMS I UNORM

/LARGER OF THE TWO IS IN F.A.

FLAD,

4-2

FIRST ALIGN EXPONENTS

IF NO ALIGNMENT IS POSSIBLE

5721

7100

CLL

5722

1043

TAD OVER1

5723

1047

TAD OVER2

5724

3047

DCA OVER2

5725

7004

RAL

5726

1042

TAD AC1 L

5727

1046

TAD LORD

5730

3046

DCA LORD

5731

7004

RAL

5732

1041

TAD AC1H

5733

1045

TAD HORD

5734

3045

DCA HORD

5735

4770

JMS I NORM

5736

5201

JMP FPNT+1

5737

4741

5740

5316

5741

6400

5742

1253

5743

0260

FLSU,

JMS I OPMINS
JMP FLAD

OPMINS,
EXIT,

TAD JUMP
AND MASK3

7450

SNA

5745

5600

5746

1360

JMP | FPNT
TAD ACONé

5747

3254

5750
5751

1654
3254

5752

1200
3255

DCA c302
JMS I JUMP2
TAD 002

5755

1255

5756

3200

DCA FPNT

5757

5201

JMP FPNT+1

5760

6544

5761

7201

5762

1040

TAD EXT

5763

1044

TAD EXP

5764

3044

DCA EXP
JMS | MULT
JMP FPNT+1
DMULT
DNORM

5767

6221

5770

6600

5771

6020

5772

6564

5773

4770

5774

5201

NEGATE THE OPERAND

/OPCODE=0
/ARE BITS 8—1 1:0?

/YES=FEXT
/LOOKUP ON TABLE

DCA JUMP2

4654

5201

TAD FPNT

5754

4767

/FSUB=2
/ADD

DCA JUMP2
TAD I JUMP2

5753

5765

/NORMAL|ZE THE RESULT

MINUSZ

5744

5766

/TR|PLE PRECISION ADDITION
/S|NCE BITS ARE SHIFTED
/RIGHT

ACON6,
FLMY,

MULT,
NORM,
ALGN,
UNORM,
NORF,

TABLEé-I
CLA IAC

/CALL AS A SUBROUTINE
/RESTORE F.P. POINTER
/GET NEXT PSEUDO INSTRUCTION
/CALLING CAN BE TO A DEPTH ONE
/FMPY=3

/ADD EXPONENTS TOGETHER
/MULTIPLY

ALIGN

DUNORM
JMS I NORM
JMP FPNT+1

*6000
6000

0000

ACMINS,

6001

7300

CLL CLA

6002

1047

TAD OVER2

6003

7041

CMA IAC

6004

3047

DCA OVER2

6005

1046

TAD LORD

6006

7040

CMA

6007

7430

SZL

,r/ROUTINE TO PERFORM
/TRIPLE PRECISION NEGATION
/OF FLOATING AC

6010

71 01

CLL IAC

6011

3046

DCA LORD

6012

1 045

TAD HORD

6013

7040

CMA

6014

7430

SZL

6015

71 01

CLL IAC

6016

3045

DCA HORD

6017
6020

5600
0000

JMP | ACMINS

6021

1045

TAD HORD

6022

7640

SZA CLA

6023

5227

JMP .+4

6024

1046

TAD LORD

6025

7650

SNA CLA

6026

5337

JMP NOHERE

T6027

1041

TADACH1

ALIGN,

6030

7640

SZA CLA

6031

5235

JMP .+4

6032

1042

TAD AC1L

6033

7650

SNA CLA

6034

5620

JMP I ALIGN

6035

1040

TADEX]

6036

7041

CMA IAC

6037

1044

TAD EXP

6040

7450

SFJA

6041

5314

JMPDONE

6042

7500

SAAA

6043

7041

CMA IAC

6044

3342

DCA AMOUNT

6045

1342

TAD AMOUNT

6046

1343

TAD TEST2

6047

7700

SMA CLA

6050

5256

JMP .+6

6051

4316

JMS OUTGO

6052

7430

SZL

6053

1350

TAD TAGZ

6054

1347

TADTAGT

6055

5325

JMP NOGO

6056

4316

JMS OUTGO

6057

7420

SNL

6060

1350

TAD TAGZ

6061

1347

TAD TAG]

6062

3344

6063

1342

DCA TEST3
TADAMOUNT

6064

7041

CMA IAC

6065

1744

TAD I TEST3

DCA I TEST3

6066

3744

6067

2344

ISZ TEST3

6070

1344

TAD TEST3

6071

3345

DCA TEST4

6072

2345

ISZ TEST4

6073

1345

TAD TEST4

6074

3346

DCA TE$T5

6075

2346

ISZ TEST5

/SUBROUT|NE TOALIGN
/MNAw(Pown5FOR
/ADD—SUBTRACT
/|S MANTISSA ZERO?
/YES
/1s OPERAND ZERO?

/BOTH ARE ZERO—EXIT

/AREEXPONENTSEQUAL?
/“(ES

/CANEXPONENTSBEAHGNED?
/0(ES
/NO

/SET UP ADDRESSES

0011

1109

7711

(Ni 1 8.1.53.1.

0019

0191

VdS

1019

0301

1VV3

3019

0101

HVH

8019

7718

V3C1 | 815511.

7019

9711

CIVJ. | 7.1.83.1.

9019

0101

HVH

9019

9718

V3C1 | 7.1.33.1

1019

9711

CIV.|. I 9.13211.

0119

0101

HVH

1119

V3C1 1 9.1.83.1

3119

9718
3783

8119

9139

dVVF ileS

7119

0333

9119

0399

9119

0000

1119

0701

0319

1701

3V4'VVV3

1319

7701

dXHGVl

3319

7001

1V8

8319

0031

V13

7319

9119

dWF 1 091.110

9319

7788

llleS

ZSI anOWV

HNOG

NEH1V’ZSI
dVVF P1EDI1V’I

'OOan

1XHGV1

'OOON

7711

CIVJ. 1 81521.1

7708

dX3V3G

0819

7783

ZSI 81531

1819

7711

CIV.|. 1 81321.1

V3C| CIEIOH

3819

9708

8819

7783

ZSI 81531

7819

7711

CIV.|. l 8.1.83.1

9819

9708

V3C1 CIEIO1

9819

0399

1819

0701

0719

7708

1719
3719

0000

IVEDI1V'IdVVF

’EIEIEIHON

HNOGdWF
O

8719

0800

7719

0000

9719

0000

uNnowv
'31531
’81531
’71531

9719

0000

’91531

1719

7700

’1EDV1
’zov1

dXH

7111

3919

3981

8919

7708

’ZNLHH
’lucnuaa

0800
0

dXH-lXH
1+1Ndd

dX3V3G
CIV.1 :1000

3981

9919

9708

V30 GHOH

9919

0701

VVV3

1919

9708

V3C| (R101

0919

1903

ZSI OV1:1

1919

3919

1118

NOISIAICI/ A8 0832
135/ 01 133mm + Eln1W\

CV]. :1009

7919

1919

0=vssquw/

1XHGV1
dX3V3G

7189

1099

1.Nv:>/ 39 CIEINOI1V
lSEIOEIV1/ $309 OlNl 3w

V3C| 81521.1

9319

1919

EINIWEIEILEICI/ H3|HN\ 0.1 l:l|HS

1319

0919

SIHl/ EINIanEI $300
ElHl/ 1Vln:)V ONlizllHS

113

9109

133/ ovu

3hUHHIdWF

HOOO

1118

9'7

6163

0000

6164

4407

JMS I 0007

6165

6052

FPUT FPAC1

6166

3052

FMPY FPAC1

6167

0000

FEXT

6170

5763

JMP | SQUARE

6171

0000

6172

5771

6200

0000

6201

7300

CLA CLL

6202

1045

TAD HORD

6203

7510

SPA

6204

7120

CLL CAAL

6205

7010

RAR

6206

3045

DCA HORD

6207

1046

TAD LORD

6210

7010

RAR

6211

3046

DCA LORD

6212

1047

TAD OVER2

6213

7010

RAR

6214

3047

DCA OVER2

6215

7100

CLL

6216

2044

ISZEXP

7000

PJCDP

SQUARE,

EXIT6,

/DUMMY SUBROUTINE

JMP | EXIT6
*6200

6217

DIVI,

/SH|FT FAC RIGHT

6220

5600

6221

0000

6222

7300

CLA CLL

6223

1363

TAD SMACLA

6224

3347

DCA SNSWIT

6225

4336

JAAPI D|V1

DMULT,

/DOUBLE PRECISION MULTIPLY
/SAVE PRODUCT TRIPLE PRECISION

6226

1042

JMS SIGN
TAD AC1 L

6227

3756

DCA | MP2PT

6230

1046

TAD LORD

6231

4755

JAAS |AAP4PT

6232

7200

CLA

6233

1757

TAD | MP5PT

6234

3047

DCA OVER2

6235

1045

TAD HORD

6236

3756

DCA | MP2PT

6237

1042

"LADIACIL

6240

4755

JAAS |AAP4PT
TAD OVER2

6241

1047

6242

3047

DCA OVER2

6243

7004

RAL

6244

1757

TAD | MP5PT

6245

3367

DCAID

6246

7004

RAL

6247
6250

3370
1041

DCA KEEP
TADACIH

6251

3756

DCA | MP2PT

6252

1 046

TADLORD

6253

4755

JAAS IAAP4PT

/CALLS A SINGLE PRECISION
/MULTIPLY 3 TIMES

4—6

6254

1047

TAD OVER2

6255

3047

DCA OVER2

6256

7004

RAL

6257

1757

TAD | MP5PT

6260

1367

TAD D

6261

3367

DCA D

6262

7004

RAL

6263

1370

TAD KEEP

6264

3370

DCA KEEP

6265

1045

TAD HORD

6266

3756

DCA I MP2PT

6267

1041

TADAC1H

6270

4755

JhAS |AAP4PT

6271

1367

TAD D

6272

3046

DCA LORD

6273

7004

RAL

6274

1757

TAD 1 MP5PT

6275

1370

TAD KEEP

6276

3045

DCAIiORD

6277

4760

JMS | NORMF

6300

3047

DCA OVER2

6301

2365

ISZSGN

6302

5621

JMPIDMULT

6303

4773

JAAS 1AAHNS

6304

5621

6305

1041

JMPIDMULT
FL DV,

TAD AC1H
SZA CLA

6306

7640

6307

5313

JMP.+4

6310

1042

TADIAC1L
SNA CLA

6311

7650

6312

5774

JMP | ERROR

6313

1040

TADEX1

6314

7041

CAAAILAC

6315

1044

TADEXP

6316

7001

IAC

6317

3044

DCAEXP

6320

1362

TADSPACLA

6321

3347

DCA SNSWIT

6322

4336

6323

4761

JMS SIGN
JMS | DIVIDE

6324

1757

TAD | MP5PT

6325

1041

TAE)AC1H

6326

7630

SZLCLA

/D1VISION BY ZERO

/SUBTRACT EXPONENTS

/SET UP SIGNS
/D1V|DE

/ROUND OFF 1N 23RD BIT

6327

7001

IAC

6330

3042

DCA AC1 L

6331

3041

DCA AC1H

6332

2365

ISZSGN

6333

4773

JAAS IAAHNS

6334

5735

JMP1.+1

6335

5720

6336

0000

6337

1366

TAD REST

/TEST SIGN OF RESULT
/SET UP BY MULTIPLY AND

6340

3365

DCASGN

/D|VIDE

/TEST SIGN
/NEGATE
/ADD ROUNDING

FLAD+2

SIGN,

TAD HORD

6341

1045

6342

7700

SAAAICLA

6343

5346

JMP.+3

6344

4773

JAAS IAAHQS

6345

2365

ISZSGN

6346

1041

TAE>AC1H
SAAA CLAI

6347

7700

6350

5736

JMPIflGN

6351

4771

JAAS IAAHQSZ

6352

2365

ISZSGN

6353

7000

IJCDP

6354

5736

JMP | SIGN

6355

6437

AAP4

6356

6471

6357

6465

6360

6600

6361

6472

6362

7710

6363

7700

6364

5601

6365

0000

6366

7776

6367

0000

6370

0000

6371

6400

6372

6420

6373

6000

6374

6152

SNSWIT,

MP4PT,
MP2PT,
MP5PT,

NORMF,
DIVIDE,
SPACLA,
SMACLA,
RETURN,
SGN,
REST,
D,

KEEP,
MINSZ,

RAR2,
MINS,
ERROR,

/OR SPA CLA

AAPZ
AAP5

DNORM
DUBDIV
SPA.CLA
SAAAICLAI
FPNT+1
0
7776

0
O

MINUS2

DIV2

/—AC1H,AC1L
/ACIH,ACIL/2

[ACAAHVS
ERRCDRI

*6400

MINUSZ,

6400

0000

6401

7300

CLA CLL

6402

1043

TAD OVER1

6403

7041

CMAIAC

6404

3043

DCA OVER1

6405

1042

TAD AC1L

6406

7040

CAAA

6407

7430

SZL

6410

7101

CLLIAC

6411

3042

DCA AC1L

6412

1041

TAD AC1H

6413

7040

CAAA

6414

7430

SZL

6415

7101

CLLIAC

6416

3041

DCA AC1H

6417

5600

JMP | MINUSZ

6420

0000

6421

7300

CLA CLL

6422

1041

TAD AC1H

6423

7510

SPA

6424

7120

CLL CAAL

6425

7010

RAR

6426

3041

DCA AC1H

6427

1042

TAD AC1 L

DIV2,

/NEGATE OPERAND
/TRIPLE PRECISION

/SH|FT OPERAND RIGHT
/TR|PLE PRECISION

RAR

6430

7010

6431

3042

DCA AC1 L

6432

1043

TAD OVER1

6433

7010

RAR

6434

3043

DCA OVERI

6435

7100

CLL

6436
6437

5620
0000

6440

3266

6441

3265

DCA MP5

6442

1270

TAD TH IR

6443

3267

DCA MP3

6444

7100

CLL

6445

1266

TAD MP1

6446

7010

RAR

6447

3266

DCA MP1

6450
6451

1265

TAD MP5

7420

SNL

6452

5255

JMP .+3

6453

7100

CLL

JMP I DIV2

MP4,

DCA MP1

6454

1271

TAD MP2

6455

7010

RAR

6456

3265

DCA MP5

6457

2267

ISZ MP3

6460

5245

JMP MP4+6

6461

1266

TAD MP1

6462

7010

RAR

6463
6464

7100

CLL

5637

JMP I MP4

6465
6466
6467
6470

0000

MP5,
MP1,
MP3,

7764

TH IR ,

7764

MP2,

0
0

0000

6471
6472

0000
0000

6473

7300

6474
6476

3051
1344
3267

6477

5306

6475

DUBDIV,

0
0

CLA CLL
DCA QUOL
TAD MIF
DCA MP3
JMP DVX

6500

1046

6501

7004

6502

30%

DCA LORD

6503

1045

TAD HORD
RAL

DV3,

TAD LORD

RAL

6504

7004

6505

3045

DCA HORD

6506

1042

TAD AC1 L

6507

1046

6510

3271

DCA MP2

6511

7004

RAL

DVX,

/SINGLE PRECISION MULTIPLY
/12 BITS BY 12 BITS

TAD LORD

6512

1045

TAD HORD

6513

1041

TAD AC1H

6514

7420

SNL

/DOUBLE PRECISION DIVIDE

6515

5321

JMP DV2-1

6516

3045

DCA HORD
TAD MP2

6517

1271

6520

3046

DCA LORD

6521

7200

CLA

TAD QUOL

6522

1051

6523

7004

6524

3051

DCA QUOL

6525

1047

TAD OVER2

DV2,

RAL

6526

7004

RAL

6527

3047

DCA OVER2

6530

2267

ISZ MP3

5300

JMP DV3

6532

1051

TAD QUOL

6533

3046

DCA LORD

6534

1045

TAD HORD

6535

7106

CLL RTL

6536

3265

DCA MP5

6537

1047

TAD OVER2

6540

3045

DCA HORD

6541

3047

DCA OVER2

6542

1265

TAD MP5

6543

5672

6544
6545

7751
6163

6546

6656

SQROOT

6547

6171

EXIT6

6550

6171

6551

6171

6552

6171

EXIT6
EXIT6
EXIT6

6553

6171

6554

6171

EXIT6
EXIT6

6555

6171

EXIT6

6556

6171

EXIT6

6557

6171

EXIT6

6560

6171

EXIT6

6561

6171

EXIT6

6562

6171

EXIT6

6563

6171

EXIT6

6564

0000

6565

4220

JMS D|V2

6566

4772

JMS l RAR1

6567

2040

ISZ EX1

6570

7000

NOP

6571

5764

JMP | DUNORM

6572

6200

6531

JMP l DUBDIV

MIF,

7751

TABLE6,

SQUARE

DUNORM,

RAR1,

/TABLE FOR INTERPRETATION
/OF BITS 8—11
/CONTAINS ABSOLUTE ADDRESSES
/OF PROGRAMS CALLED AS
/SUBROUT|NES
/EXIT6=A DUMMY OR NOP

/SHIFT OPERAND RIGHT

D|V1

*6600
0000

6601

7300

CLA CLL

6602

3255

DCA AMT1

6603

3254

DCA SIGN]

6604

1045

TAD HORD

6605

7510

SPA

DNORM,

/SUBROUTINE TO NORMALIZE
/FLOATING ACCUMULATOR

6600

/|S MANTISSA NEGATIVE?
4-10

6606

2254

ISZ SKSNI

6607

7640

SZA CLA

6610

5217

JMP GOé

6611

1046

TAD LORD

6612

7640

SZA CLA

6613

5217

JMP GO6

6614

1047

TAD OVER2

6615

7650

SNA CLA

6616

5251

JMP EXIT2

6617

1254

6620

7640

6621

4653

6622

1045

/YES
,/IS MANTISSA=0?
/NO

/YES
/NO
/NEGATIVE?
/YES
/W|LL SHIFT BE TOO FAR?

TAD SIGNI

C506,

SZA CLA

JMSINEG
TADIiORD

LOP,

6623

7104

RAL CLL

6624

7710

SPA CLA

6625

5241

JMPEXHI

6626

1047

TAD OVER2
CLLRAL

6627

7104

6630

3047

DCA OVER2

6631

1046

TADLORD

6632

7004

RAL

6633

3046

DCALORD

6634

1045

TAD HORD

6635

7004

RAL

6636

3045

DCAIfiORD

6637

2255

ISZ AAATI

6640

5222

JAAP LCDP

6641

1255

6642

7041

CMAIAC

6643

1044

TADEXP

6644

3044

DCAEXP

6645

1254

TAD SIGNI

6646

7640

SZA CLA

/YES

/NO SHIFT MANTISSA LEFT

/COUNT NO. OF TIMES SHIFTED
/C ORRECT EXPONENT

TAD AMTI

EXIT1,

6647

4653

JMSINEG

6650

5600

JMP I DNORM

6651

3044

6652

5600

6653

6000

6654

0000

SIGNI

6655
6656

0000
0000

AMT1,
SQROOT,

6657

3362

DCA FLAGI

6660

4407

JMS | 007

6661

6052

FPUT FPAC1

6662

0000

FEXT

6663

1045

TAD HORD

6664

7710

SPA CLA

6665

5351

JMP SQENDI

6666

1044

TAD EXP

6667

7100

CLL

6670

7510

SPA

6671

7020

CML

6672

7010

RAR

6673

3356

DCA |TER1

/NEGATIVE?
/YES

/SET TO ZERO

DCAEXP

EXIT2,

JMPIDNOHA

IACAAHVS

NEG,
,

0
0
O

/FLOATING SQUARE ROOT
/TAKES ROOT OF ABSOLUTE

/VALUE
/NEWTON'S METHOD IS USED

/NUMBER IS NEGATIVE

/MAKE FIRST APPROXIMATION
4-11

SZL

6674

7430

6675

2356

ISZITERT

6676

7000

PQCDP

6677

1361

TADSQCON1

6700

3357

DCA HER1+1

6701

3360

DCAITER1+2

6702

1053

TAD FPAC1+1

6703

7640

SZA CLA

6704

5310

JMP CLCU

6705

1054

TAD FPAC1+2

6706

7650

SNA CLA

6707

5354

JMPSQEND

6710

4407

CLCU,

/FHJAABER=0

JAASI 0007

6711

5052

FGETFPAC1

6712

4356

FDIV |TER1

6713

1356

FADDITEW

6714

0000
7240

FEXT
(ILA_CAAA

6716

1044

TADEXP

6717

3044

DCAEXP

6720

1044

TADEXP

6721

7041

CMAIAC

6722

1356

TADITER1

6723

7640

SZA CLA

6724

5345

JMPROOTGO

6725

1045

TAD HORD

6726

7041

CMAIAC

6727

1357

TAD 15TER1+1

6730

7640

SZA CLA

JMPROOTGO
TAD LORD

6715

6731

5345

6732

1046

6733

7041

CMAIAC

6734

1360

TADITER1+2

6735

7500

SAAA

6736

7041

CMAIAC

6737

7001

IAC

6740

7710

SPA CLA

6741

5345

JAAP RCDCDTCEC)

6742

1362

TADFLAG1

/W|TH|N ONE BIT?

6743

3061

DCA FLAG

5656

JMPISQROOT

6745

4407

6746

6356

FPUTITER1

6747

0000

FEXT

6750

5310

JMP CLCU

6751

4653

6752

2362

SQENDT,

/NEGATEFAC

JMSINEG

JMPSQROOTQ

6753

5260

6754

3044

6755

5656

6756

0000

6757

0000

6760

0000

6761

3015

6762

0000

DCAEXP

JMPISQROOT

ITER1,

SQCONL
FLAG],

/14C)

JAASI 0007

[SZ FLAG1

SQEND,

/14C)

/DO LOW—ORDER MANTISSAS AGREE?

6744

ROOTGO,

/AREEXPONENTSEQUAL?
mo
/ARE HIGH-ORDER MANTISSAS EQUAL?

3015
0
442

FLPT

5705

[VCDRAAF

FLSU

5737

CDPAAHVS

5741

FPAC1

0052

OUTGO

6116

FPNT

5600

OVER1

0043

6162

OVER2

0047

C3C)2

5655

PAGENO

5663

(3(36

6617

QUOL

0051

6142

HORD

0045

RAR1

6572

AAAT1

6655

HQDRCT

5664

RAR2

6372

CLCU

6710

1TER1

6756

REST

6366

6367

JUAAP

5653

RETN2

6151

DIVIDE

6361

JUAAP2

5654

RETURN

6364

DlV1

6200

KEEP

6370

ROOTGO

6745

D|V2

6420

LOOPO1

5627

SAVE

5657

DAAULT

6221

LCDP

6622

SCEN

6365

DNORM

6600

LORD

0046

SHIFT

6076

DONE

6114

MASK3

5660

SICSPJ

6336

DUBDIV

6472

MASKS

5661

SlCBhH

6654

DUNORM

6564

MASK7

5662

SMACLA

6363

DVO(

6506

AAIF

6544

SFJSVVIT

6347

[DVZ

6522

AAHVS

6373

SPACLA

6362

DV3

6500

AAHQSZ

6371

SQCON1

6761

ERROR

6374

MINUSZ

6400

6152

AAP1

6466

SQEND
SQEND1

6754

ERROR1
EXIT

5742

AAPZ

6471

6641

AAP2PT

6356

SQROOT
SQUARE

6656

EX1T1
EXIT2

6651

AAP3

6467

TABLE

5665

EX|T6

6171

AAP4

6437

TABLE6

6545

EXP

0044

AAP4PT

6355

TAC31

6147

EXP1

0050

AAP5

6465

TAG2

6150

EX1

0040

AAPSPT

6357

TEST2

6143

FLAD

5716

AAULT

5767

TEST3

6144

FLAG

0061

PJECB

6653

TEST4

6145

ACAAHQS

6000

ACON6

5760

AC1H

0041

AC1L

0042

ADDR

5656

GOOF

ALGN

5771

ALKSh

6020

AMOUNT

6360

6751

6163

FLAG1

6762

NOGO

6125

TEST5

6146

FLDV

6305

NOHERE

6137

THIR

6470

FLGT

5676

NORF

5773

UNORM

5772

FLAAY

5761

PJCDRN4

-5770

4-13

/FLOATING POINT I/O ROUTINES
/REQUIRES FLOATING POINT INTERPRETER
/ENTRY AT @097
*7

FPNT,

0DG7

569%

9044
0045
@046

@099
0300
QQQU

0052
@055

9002
060%

@054

003%

@055
@056
0057
MUGQ

7777

SWITI,

7777

SWITZ,

0090
0909

CHAR,

UUUM
1056
7650

PRCHAR,

56E9

*44

EXPONT,
BORDER,
LORDER,

*52

FPACI,

$18

7777
7777

/IF
0, N0 CR-LF AFTER OUTPUT
/IF
0, N0 LF AFTER CR IN INPUT
ICONTAINS LAST CHARACTER READ
/: 0 IF NO CONVERSION TOOK PLACE

Dswlr,
*6767

6767
677%
6771
6772
6775
6774
6775
6776
6777

5767
1577
4776
5767
7544
@212

TAD SUITZ
SNA

OPUT,
LFED,

CLA
I PRCHAR
'

JMP
TAD LFED
JMS I OPUT
JMP I PRCHAR
OUT
@212

4-14

/DOUBLE PRECISION DECIMAL-BINARY
/INPUT AND CONVERSION
*7555
7555
7551
7552
7555
7554
7555
7556
7557
7515
7511
7512
7515
7514
7515
7516
7517
7525
7521
7522
7525
7524

7525
7526

7527
7555
7551

7552
7555
7554
7555
7556
7557
7545
7541
7542
7545
7544
7545
7546
7547
7555
7551
7552
7555
7554
7555

7556
7557
7565

5555

5217
1555
7445

DECON,

7255
1557
1557

5217

7565

5555
5555

5555
5555
5555

/Is

SET szTCH

IT A

DIGIT

/N0

5217

5555

/IF-,

UMP I DECONV
TAD PLUSIZ
SPA
UMP I DECONV
DCA DIGIT
TAD HORDER
AND MASK
SZA
UMP DECDN
152 DszT
ISZvDNUMBR
UMS MULT15
UMP DECON

2565
2266
4241

5555

DECON
MINUS

SMA

7555
5655
1545
7515
5655
5265
1545
5541
7445

1546
5261
1545
5262
5264
4267
4267
4555
4267
1265
5261
5262
4555
1264
5641

/TEST FOR SIGN

UMP .+4
CLA DNA
DCA SIGN
UMS INPUT
CLA
TAD CHAR
TAD MIN9

7245
5265

5555

/INITIALIZE MANTISSA
HORDER
LORDER
SIGN
DNUMBR
INPUT
PLUS

SZA

5225

4542

CLA
DCA
504
DCA
DCA
UMS
TAD
SNA
UMP
TAD

7455

7561
7562
7564
7565
7566
7567

DECDNv,

7255
5545
5546
5265
5266
4542
1556

MULT15,

LTEMP,
RTEMP,
DIGIT,
REMAIN,
SIGN,
DNUMBR,
MULT2,

/No

/YES
/0VERFLow7
IYES-IGNORE

/INDEx NUMBER OF DIGITS

TAD
DCA
TAD
DCA
DCA
UMS
UMS
UMS
UMS
TAD
DCA
DCA
UMS
TAD
UMP

LORDER
LTEMP
HORDER
HTEMP
REMAIN
MULT2
1J6
MULT2
K%“46wfli
DUBLAD"
M
MULT2
DIGIT
LTEMP
HTEMP
DUBLAD

j1554

REMAIN

/coNTINUE
/R0UTINE To MULTIPLY
/DOUBLE PRECISION WORD
/BY TEN (DECIMAL)
/REMAIN=REMAINDER

/CALL SUBRDUTINE To
/MULTIPLY BY Two
/CALL DOUBLE ADD
/ADD

LAST DIGIT RECEIVED

/Ex1T UITR REMAINDER
/IN Ac

MULT15

/DoUBLE PRECISION UDRD

5
5

/ST0RAGE FOR DIGIT

/=5 IF PLUS: =7777
/:NUMBER OF DIGITS

/MULTIPLY LORDER,
4—15

MINUS

HDRDER BY 2

7979

7599
1946
7994
5946

7971
7972
7975
7974
7975
7976
7977
7199
7191
7192
7195
7194
7195
7196
7197
7119
7111
7112
7115
7114
7115
7116
7117

1264
7994
5264
5667
9999
7599
1946
1261
5946
7994
1945
1262
5945
7994
1264
5264
5795

7129

9999

7121
7122
7125
7124
7125
7126

7599
2265
5729

7127
7159
7151
7152
7155
7154
7155
7156
7157
7149
7141

7142
7145
7144
7145
7146
7147

7159
7151
7152

7155
7154
7155
7156
7157
7169

CLA
TAD
RAL
DCA
TAD
RAL
DCA
TAD
RAL
DCA
JMP

1945
7994
5945

DUBLAD,

HORDER
REMAIN

REMAIN
I

MULT2

/DOUBLE PRECISION ADDITION
CLL
LORDER
LTEMP
LORDER
HORDER
HTEMP

HORDER
REMAIN
REMAIN
I DUBLAD

/ROUTINE TO FORM
/2'S COMPLEMENT IF
/MINUS

CLA CLL
ISZ SIGN
JMP I MSIGN
TAD LORDER
CMA IAC
DCA LORDER
TAD HORDER
CMA
SZL
IAC
DCA HORDER
JMP I MSIGN

1946
7941
5946

1945
7949
7459

7991
5945
5729
7776
7525

LORDER
HORDER

CLA
TAD
TAD
DCA
RAL
TAD
TAD
DCA
RAL
TAD
DCA
JMP

MSIGN,

CLL
LORDER

/SIGN:9999:

255-255
-255
-272
272-269
7699

/TEST

FOR SIGN

/TEST

FOR

DIGIT

/TEST

FOR

OVERFLOW

9912
7699

MINUS,
PLUS,
MIN9,
PLUSIZ,
MASK,

9999

/INPUT A CHARACTER, IF CR, TEST
IINPUT SWITCH TO SEE IF LF SHOULD
/BE TYPED. IF RUBOUT, RESTART INPUT
9
/INPUT A
INPUT,

7596

7299
6951
5544
6956
5957

1957
4766
1957
7459
5545
1579
7459
5767

1571

fig?- “jm
JMP
KRB
DCA
TAD
JMS
TAD

.-l

EXIT

CHARACTER

2 911640

CHAR
CHAR
I OUTPUT
CHAR

SNA

JMP INPUT+1
TAD MRBOUT

/IGNORE BLANKS

SNA
JMP

I RESTRT
TAD MINCR

/RUBOUT-RESTART INPUT

4-16

7161
7162
7163

7650

7164

4765
1057
5742

7165
7166

6767
7344

7167

7401
7401

7170
7171

0162

SNA
JMS
TAD

JMP

PRINT,
OUTPUT,

RESTRT,
MRBOUT,
MINCR,
/FLOATING

/USES:
/
/
*7200
7200

0000

7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216

4217
1324

7217
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
'7236
7237
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7250

7251

FLOUTP,

0000

377*215

OUTPUT "E"
TSF
JMP 0-1
TLS

FORMAT

/CONVERT

MANTISSA

AND

FOUTCN,

CLA

FGOl,

CLA

CMA

EXPONT
EXPONT
DCA BEXP
TAD EXPONT
TAD
DCA

FGOZ,

ETC.

CLA CLL
TAD HORDER
SPA CLA
CLA CML
TAD SPLUS
SZL
TAD SMINUS /NO
JMS OUT
JMS OUTDG
TAD PERIOD
JMS OUT
CLA CLL
TAD HORDER
SMA CLA
JMP FGOI
CMA
DCA I SNPT
JMS I MSNPT

1044
3044

OUTPUT

/CONVERT EXPONENT AND OUTPUT
/PRINT CR-LF?

JMP I FLOUTP
/N0-EXIT
TAD CARRTN /YES
JMS OUT
TAD LNFEED
JMS OUT
JMP I FLOUTP
/EXIT
/THIS WHOLE SUBROUTINE MAY BE ALTERED TO BUFFER
/THE OUTPUT DIGITS : CHANGE JMS OUTDG TO DCA I 10,

7300

5263
1326

FLINTP+1
-377

SNA

1045
7710
7220
1327
7430
1330
4344
4352
1331
4344

3324
1044
7500

PRCHAR
OUT

TAD SUIT!

7300

1045
7700
5242
7040
3733
4732
7240

TAD CHE
JMS OUT
JMS I FEXPPT

7650

1341
4344
1342
4344
5600

/CR
SEE IF TO BE FOLLOWED
/BY LF
/EXIT ROUTINE

JMS FOUTCN
TAD BEXP
DCA EXPONT

3044
1343
4344
4737
1055
5600

CLA
I PRINT
CHAR
I INPUT

/NUMBER>0??
/NO

SET LINK

/YES

/OUTPUT

"0"

/OUTPUT '."

/NUMBER

NEGATIVE

/NEGATE
/SUBTRACT

FROM

/COMPENSATE AT

BINARY
F604

/INITIALIZE DECIMAL
/IS -4<EXPONENT<-1

EXPONENT

SMA

JMP FGO3
TAD FOUR

/TOO

LARGE:

MULTIPLY BY

1/10

7252

7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7260
7261
7262
7265
7264
7265
7266
7267
7270
7271
7272
7275
7274
7275
7276
7277
7500
7501
7502

7505
7594
7505
7506
7507
7510

7700
5270
4497
5740

SMA

0000

FEXT

7240
1524
5524
5246
4407
5572
9000
2524

CLA
TAD
DCA
JMP
JMS

CLA
F604
I FPNT
FMPY I TENPT

JMP
JMS

F605,

F604,

FGO5A,

5274
7450
5511
4552

F606,

1525
5044
4755

FGO6A,

4552
2044
5504

5617

7511
7512
7515
7514
7515
7516
7517
7520
7521
7522
7525

7240
1524
5524
1045
7640
5522
1046
7659
5524
7240
5502

F607,

7524

0000

7525
7526

7772
0004
0255
0002
0256
7120
7065

BEXP,
MINUS7,
FOUR,
SPLUS,
SMINUS,
PERIOD,
MSNPT,
SNPT,
DPT,
MIBPT,
MZPT,
FEXPPT,
TENPT,
CARRTN,
LNFEED,

7527
7550
7551
7552
7555
7554
7555
7556
7557
7540

7541
7542
7545

7065
7941
7067
7522
7504
0215
0212
0505

TEN

CMA

BEXP
BEXP

F602
I FPNT
FMPY C.10

/0NE TENTH

FEXT
ISZ BEXP

5246

5754
4756
4755
7410
4557
2044

ITOO SMALL-TIMES
/TEN

CHE,

JMP
DCA
JMS
JMS
SKP

F602
I DPT
I M2PT
I M10PT

/MULTIPLY BY TWO
/IE.SHIFT LEFT
/MULTIPLY BY TEN

JMS DIVTWO
ISZ EXPONT
JMP FGOSA
SNA
JMP F607
JMS OUTDG
TAD MINUS7
DCA EXPONT
JMS I M10PT
JMS OUTDG

/COMPENSATE FOR
/BINARY EXPONENT
/IS FIRST DIGIT A

ZERO

/YES, IGNORE
/MULTIPLICATIONS YIELD
/DECIMAL DIGITS AS HIGH
/ORDER REMAINDERS
/IE.

.672X10=6+.72..

ISZ EXPONT
JMP FGO6A
JMP I FOUTCN

/7 DIGITS OUTPUT??
INO: CONTINUE
/YES:EXIT

CMA

/IGNORE FIRST DIGIT
/SUBTRACT 1 FROM

CLA
TAD
DCA
TAD
SZA
JMP
TAD
SNA
DCA
CLA
JMP

BEXP
BEXP
HORDER

ETC

/DECIMAL EXPONENT

CLA
.+4

/IS

LORDER
CLA
BEXP

/YES: EXsz

MANTISSA

ZERO?

CMA

F606+1
/CONTAINS DECIMAL EXPONENT
/NUMBER OF DIGTS OUTPUT

7772
0004

9 In,
255
255-255
256
MSIGN
SIGN

Plum- SIMCGS
Irvfififm; who-5565

/POINTERS

DIGIT
MULT10
MULT2
FEXC
TEN
9215
0212
505

4—18

7544
7545

9999
6941
5545
6946
7299
5744

OUT,

7552
7555
7554
7555

9999

OUTDG,

7556

9269

0269,

9269

7557
7569
7561
7562
7565
7564
7565
7566
7567
7579
7571
7572
7575
7574

9999

DIVTwO,

7546
7547
7559
7551

-104

UTPUT ONE ASOII

CHARACTER

OUT
/OUTPUT ONE DIGIT

TAD O269
JMS OUT
JMP I OUTDG

1556
4544

5752

7119
5544
1945
7919
5945
1946
7919
5946
1544
5757
7775
5146
5147

37‘5 4 2 ”3‘48
57“91¢”T’
A

TSF
JMP
TLS
OLA
JMP I

/DIVIDE BY Two IE.
/ROTATE RIGHT
/TEMPORARY STORAGE

OLL RAR
DOA OUT
TAD HORDER
BAR
DOA

HORDER
TAD LORDER
BAR

c.19,

DOA LORDER
TAD OUT
JMP I DIVTUO 2
‘57“
7775
‘

/OONSTANT
/FLOATING

’13
/

51433 0209

5146

.19

USED

OUTPUT-PROVIDES

/FLOATING POINT INPUT
*7499
7499

9999

7491
7492

7249
5515
5969
4716

7495

7494
7495
7496
7497
7419

7411
7412
7415
7414
7415
7416
7417

7429
7421
7422
7425

17424
7425
7426
7427
7459

7451
7452
7455
7454
7455

FLINTP,

7299

1957
1512
7649
5229

1515
7659
5222
5721
5515
5717

1515
7659
1721
7941
5514

7999
6952
9999

1957
1519

OLA
DOA
DOA
JMS
OLA
TAD
TAD
SZA
JMP
TAD
SNA
JMP
DOA
DOA
JMP

/INITIALIzE "PERIOD SWITCH"

OMA
Pst

DSUIT
I DPOVPT

/7777

OHAR
PER
OLA
PIGOI
PRSw
OLA
FIGOZ
I DPN
PRSU
I DPOSPT

FIGOZ,

TAD Pst
SNA OLA
TAD I DPN
OMA IAO
DOA SEXP
JMS I MSGNPT

PIG05,

TAD O27

FIGOI,

4729
1511
5944
4497

PERIOD

/PERIOD FOUND
/SEOOND PERIOD

/YES,TERMINATE
/NO
SET NUMBER OF DIGITS
/SET PERIOD SWITCH TO 9
/OONVERT REST OF STRING

/PERIOD READ IN PREVIOUSLY?
/YES:-NUMBER OF
/NO

DIGITS

/TEST SIGN

DOA EXPONT
JMS I FPNT
FNOR
FPUT FPACl
FEXT
TAD

/NORMALIZE P.P.
/SAVE NUMBER

CHAR

TAD MINUSE

4—19

NUMBER

SEXP

7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7450
7451

764%
5252
4716
4729
1945
7510
7001
764%
5277
1546
1514
5514

/"E” READ IN?
SZA CLA
JMP ENDFI
/NO
JMS I DPCVPT
CONVERT DECIMAL EXPONENT
/YES
JMS I MSGNPT
/TEST SIGN
TAD HORDER
/EXPONENT TOO LARGE77
SPA
IAC
SZA CLA
JMP EXCESS
/YES
TAD LORDER
/NO:DECIMAL POINT IS
TAD SEXP
/C(SEXP)PLACES TO RIGHT
DCA SEXP
/OF LAST DIGIT
/END OF FLOATING POINT INPUT
/COMPENSATE FOR DECIMAL EXPONENTS

7452
7455

44M7
5852

ENDFI,

7454
7455
7456

@060
1514
7450

7457
746%
7461

560M
7736

7456

7437
7440

7462
7465

7464

7465
7466

7467
7470
7471
7472
7475
7474
7475

7476
7477
7569
7551
7562
75%5
75fl4
7505
7556
7507
7510

7511
7512
7515
7514
7515
7516
7517
7520
7521

JMP
SMA

JMP
JMS
FMPY

FIGO4,

7240
1514
5514
5255
1515
5044
1515
5045
5620

EXCESS,

0064

TEN,
PC.1%,
MINUSE,

DPCVPT,
DPCSPT,
MSGNPT,
DPN,
/OUTPUT

@000

7525

75E0

/. IS TO THE RIGHT:
/MULTIPLY BY 1%

FEXT
CLA CMA
TAD SEXP
004 SEXP
JMP ENDFI+5
TAD 05777

EXPONT

JMP_1

729%
7017
7120

7522

/. IS TO THE LEFT:
/TIMES .lflflfi

PC.10

TAD 05777
DCA HORDER

5777

7266

I FLINTP
CLA
F1604
I FPNT

JMS 1 FPNT
FMPY TEN

004

027,
PER,
Pst,
SEXP,
05777,

@900

MANTISSA

FEXT
ISZ SEXP
JMP ENDFI+5
JMP I FLINTP

0058

@208

/RESTORE

SNA

2514
5255
5690

@027
7522

FPNT
FPACl

SEXP

TAD

5767
DOEO

2400
mwum
7572
7475

FGET
FEXT

5273
4407

4497
5524

JMS

FEXC,

0904

FLIQEP

0°

24u{}*”°”
mama
0.10
-505

0° N

0927
-256
0

/CONTAINS

5777
DECONV
DECON
MSIGN
DNUMBR
THE EXPONENT
O

CLA

CLL

4-20

DECIMAL

EXPONENT

7524

7525
7526
7527
7550
7551
7552
7555
7554
7555
7556
7557
7542

TAD EXPONT
SPA
CMA IAC CML
DCA EXPONT
TAD 0255
SZL
TAD C255
JMS I DGPT
DCA HORDER
TAD EXPONT
ISZ HORDER
TAD M144

1044

7510
7061
5044
1566
7450
1567
4774
5045
1044
2045
1570
7500
5556
1571

SMA

7545
7546
7547
7552
7551
7552
7555

1045
7440
4774
5045
1044

2045
1572

JMP 0'5
TAD 0144
DCA EXPONT
CMA
TAD HORDERSZA
JMS I DGPT
DCA HORDER
TAD EXPONT
ISZ HORDER
TAD M12

7554

7500

SMA

7555
7556

5552
1575
5046
7240

JMP

7541
7542
7545
7544

7557
7560
7561
7562
7565
7564
7565

7566
7567
7570
7571
7572
7575
7574

5044
7040

TAD
DCA

1045

CLA
TAD

4774

JMS

1046
4774
5722

TAD
JMS
JMP

7775
0002
7654
0144
7766
0012
7552

C255,
6255,
M144,
0144,
M12,

DGPT,

.‘5
C12
LORDER
CMA
HORDER
I DGPT
LORDER
I DGPT
I FEXC

0255 -260
255-255
7654
@144
7766
@512
OUTD G

4—21

0.10
012
C144

7524
7541
0057
7545
7572
7575
7571

HORDER
HTEMP
INPUT
LFED
LNFEED
LORDER
LTEMP

0255

7566

MASK

C255

7567
7556
7511

MINCR
MINUS
MINUSE
MINUS?
MIN9
(MBOUT
MSUNPT
MSIGN
MSNPT
MULT10

7041

MULT2

7067

M10PT
M12

7555
7572
7570
7556
6776
7544
7552
7166
7507
7512
7551

BEXP
CARRTN
CHAR
CHE

0260

027
C5777
DECON

DECONV

DGPT
DIGIT
DIVTWO
DNUMBR
DPCSPT

DPCVPT
DPN
DPT
DSWIT
DUBLAD
ENDFI
EXCESS
EXPONT

FEXC
FEXPPT
F601
F802
FGO5
F604
FGOSA
F606

7515
7017
7000
7574
7065
7557
7066
7517
7516
7521
7554

M2PT

7105
7452
7477

OPUT
OUT
OUTDG
OUTPUT
PC.10

0044
7522
7557
7242
7246
7265

7504
7511

F1601

7420
7422
7426
7470
7400
7200
7526
7217

FIGO5
FIG04

FLINTP
FLOUTP
FOUR
FOUTCN
FPACl
FPNT

PER

PERIOD
PLUS
PLUSlZ
PRCHAR
PRINT
PRSW
REMAIN
RESTRT
SEXP
SIGN
SMINUS

7270
7274
7501

FGO6A
F807
FIG02

M144

0060

SNPT

SPLUS
SWITI
SWIT2
TEN
TENPT

0052

0007

4-22

0045

7062
7142
6777
7542
0046

7061
7141
7171
7155
7510
7525
7157
7170
7520
7120
7552

7156
7140
6767

7165
7515
7064
7167
7514
7065
7550
7555
7527
0055
0056
7504
7540

EXTENDED FUNCTIONS
/FLOATING POINT PACKAGE
GETSGN=TAD 45
CLFPNT:JMS I 7

/FLOATING POINT EXPONENTIAL
*5000

0000
1045
7710
4510

5000
5001
5002
5005
5004
5005

5504
4407

5006
5007

5275
6515

5010

0000

FEXT

5011
5012
5015
5014
5015
5016

I FIXIT
GETSGN
DCA FLAGZ
JMS I FLOAT
CLFPNT
FPUT XSQR

5020
5021
5022
5025
5024
5025

4706
1045
5505
4707
4407
6520
5515
2520
6515
5515
6520
1270
6525

5026
5027

5265
4525

5050
5051
5052
5055

2515
1257
6525
5262
5520
1525
6525
5515
4525
5501
1276
0000
1505
1044
5044
2504
5600
4407
6515
5276
4515

5017

5054
5055

5056
5057
5040
5041
5042
5045
5044
5045

5046
5047

5050
5051
5052
5055
5054
5055
5056

5057
5060
5061

0000

5600

0004

2572
1402

FEXP,

GETSGN
SPA CLA
JMS FNEG
DCA SIGN
CLFPNT
FMPY LGZE
FPUT X

/C(SIGN)=-1

JMS

FGET
FSUB
FPUT
FMPY
FPUT
FADD
FPUT

FGET
FDIV
FSUB
FADD
FPUT
FGET

XSQR
X
X

XSQR
D

TEMP
C
TEMP
X
A

TEMP
B

FMPY XSQR
FADD TEMP
FPUT TEMP
FGET X
FDIV TEMP
FMPY TWO
FADD ONE

FEXT
TAD FLAGZ
TAD 44
BOA 44
132 SIGN
JMP I FEXP
CLFPNT
FPUT X
FGET ONE
FDIV X
FEXT
JMP I FEXP
/CONSTANTS FOR FEXP

0004

2572
1402

4—23

X<0

5962

5965
5964
5965

5966
5967
5979
5971
5972

7774
2157
5157
9912
5454
9545
9997

9991
2795

2999

5199

9999

9991

5191

9992
2999
9999

5194
5195
5196

9999

5111

5112
5115
5114

9912
5454
9545
9997

LGZE,

2455

5192
5195

5119

7774
2157
5157

2566
5541

5975
5974
5975
5976
5977

5197

9999

4757
5565
9999
4714

ONE,

2999
9999

Two,
SIGN,
FLAGZ,

9992
2999
9999
9
9

FIXIT,

FIX

FLOAT,
/NEGATION

FLOA
SUBROUTINE

FNEG,

9
JMS

7249
5719
6999

2566
5541
9991
2795
2455
9991

CLA
JMP

ACMINS,

9999

XSQR,

9999
9999
9999

TEMP,

9999
9999
9999

ZER,

9999
9999

5151
5152
5155
5154
5155
5156
5157
5140
5141
5142

5145
5144
5145
5146

5147
5150
5151
5152
5155

4407
5515
5515
6520
5575
1570
5520
1565
6525

5562
5520

1557
5520
1554
5515
4525
0000

5755
5226

/POINTER

STORAGE

SGEGSGEGS

ALGORITHM FOR ARCTANGENT
CLFPNT
ARCALG,
FGET X
FMPY X
FPUT XSQR
FMPY BETZ
FADD BETl
FMPY XSQR
FADD BETZ
FPUT TEMP
FGET ALF2
FMPY XSQR
FADD ALFI
FMPY XSQR
FADD ALFZ
FMPY X
FDIV TEMP
FEXT
JMP I .+1
ARCRTN
/MAIN

/INTERPRETER

9999
9999
9999

/CALL SUBROUTINE

6999

/TEMPORARY
5115
5116
5117
5129
5121
5122
5125
5124
5125
5126
5127
5159

1 409195
CMA
1 FNEG

4—24

INTERPRETER

FLOATING ARC TANGENT

ICONSTANTS
5154
5155
5156

5157
5160
5161
5162
5165
5164
5165
5166

5167
5170
5171
5172
5175
5174
5175

2202

a 00

ALFZ,

2457
1645
7777
5504
4454
7775
5506
5454

2437
1643
7777
3324
4434
7773
5506
5454
2222
2437
1646

ALFZ,
BETZ,

0000
2457

4222

BETl,

0000

2427
2323
7775
3427
7052

2427
2525
7775
3272,
5427
7052
/FLOATING POINT ARC

ALFI,

1646

TANGENT

*5222

5200
5201
5202
5205
5204
5205
5206

5207
5210
5211

0000

5245
4407
6644

5644
2645
0000

1045

5215
5214
5215

7710
5225
4407
5645
4644
6644

5216
5220
5221

5222
5225
5224
5225
5226
5227
5250
5251
5252
5255
5254
5255

5256
5257
5240
5241

5242

5245
5244
5245

0000

7240
5251
5625
5151
2251
5255
4407
6644
5246

2644
0000

2245

5600
4642
7200
5600

5110
0000
5115

5076

GETSGN
SPA
JMS
DCA

4642

5212

5217

ARTN,

1045
7710

OLA
I NEGIT

FLAGl
CLFPNT
FPUT I X1
FGET I X1
FSUB I CONl
FEXT
GETSGN
SPA CLA
JMP GO
CLFPNT
FGET I CONl
FDIV I X1
FPUT I X1
FEXT
CLA CMA
DCA FLOG
GO,
JMP I .+1
ARCALG
ISZ FLOG
ARCRTN,
JMP EXIT
CLFPNT
FPUT I X1
FGET PIOT
FSUB I X1
FEXT
ISZ FLAGl
EXIT,
JMP I ARTN
JMS I NEGIT
CLA
JMP I ARTN
/CONSTANTS FOR ARCTANGENT

NEGIT,
FLAGl,

x1,
CONl,

FNEG
0
X
ONE

4-25

/FLAG
ICALL ALGORITHM
/RETURN HERE

5246
5247
525%

5251
5252
5255
5254
5255
5256
5257

0201
5110
5755

0000

5266

0000

5267
527%

1045
7450

5271
5272
5275

5550
7710
5541

5274
5275
5276

5245

5277
5520
5521

7040
1774
5045
4777
4407

55fl2

5776

5595
5504

6644
0000

5505

7001

5506

5774
4407
5774

5507
5510
5511
5512
5515
5514
5515
5516
5517
5520
5521
5522
5525
5524
5525
5526
5527
5550
5551
5552
5555
5554
5555
5556
5557
5540

5261

5264
5265

5261
5262
5265

FLOG,

1045
7440
4407
4775
0000
5651
7710
4642
4407
6774
2645

5260

/FLOATING

2091
5110
5755
LOGARITHM

PIOT,

2645
6774
5775

1772
5774
1771
5774
1770
5774
1565
5774
1562
5774
1557
5774
1554
5774
1644
0000

2245
5651
4642
7200

5651

OK,

START,

GETSGN
SZA
JMP OK
CLFPNT
FDIV I ZERO
FEXT
JMP I FLOG
SPA CLA
JMS I NEGIT
CLFPNT
FPUT I TEM
FSUB I CONl
FEXT
GETSGN
SNA
JMP ZERGO
SPA CLA
JMP INVERT
DCA

/INDICATE ERROR
/DIVIDE BY ZERO

FLAGI

CMA
TAD

I TEM
DCA 45
JMS I FLOATP
CLFPNT
FMPY I L062
FPUT I X1

FEXT
IAC
DCA I TEM
CLFPNT
FGET
TEM
FSUB
CONl
FPUT
TEM
FMPY
L8
FADD
L7
TEN
FMPY
FADD
L6
TEM
FMPY
FADD
L5
TEM
FMPY
FADD
Hm3
FMPY
FADD
FMPY I TEM
FADD L2
FMPY I TEM
FADD L1
FMPY I TEM
FADD I X1
FEXT
ISZ FLAGl
JMP I FLOG
JMS I NEGIT
CLA
JMP I FLOG

r‘HHHl—‘HH
r‘H

(24.5

4-26

5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367

4407
5645
4774
6774

INVERT,

0000

7240
5274
4407
5775
0000
5651
0000

3777
7742
7777
4000
4100
7777

ZERGO,

CLFPNT
FGET I CON!
FDIV I TEM
FPUT I TEM
FEXT
CLA CMA
JMP START
CLFPNT
FGET I ZERO

FEXT
JMP I

L1,

FLOG

0000

3777

L2,

7742
7777

L3,

5370

2517
0307
7776
4113
7211
5547

5371

5552

L6,

5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377

5555
5560
5123
5126
5544
5563

L7,
L8,

L4,

L5,

ZERO,
LOG2,
FLOATP,
/FLOATING

POINT SINE

*5402

5400
5401
5402
5403
5404

5405
5406
5407
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415

5416
5417
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434

0000
1045
7740

5210
1045
7700
5600
4741
3343
4407
4315
6724
0000
4742
4363
4407
6723
5724
2723
3315
6723
2320
0000

1045
7710
5241
4407

6723
0000

FSIN,

MOD,

GETSGN
SMA SZA CLA
JMP MOD
GETSGN
SMA CLA
JMP I FSIN
JMS I NEGT
DCA PNTR
CLFPNT
FDIV TWOPI
FPUT I XSQ2

/X>0?

/YES
/NO

X20?
/YES SIN(0)=0
/N0:SIN(-X)=~SIN(X)
/REDUCE X MODULO 2 PI

FEXT
JMS I FIXR
JMS FLOA
CLFPNT
FPUT I X2
FGET I XSQ2
FSUB 1 X2

FMPY TWOPI
FPUT I X2
FSUB PI
FEXT
GETSGN
SPA CLA
JMP PCHECK
CLFPNT
FPUT I X2

/X<PI?

/YES
/NO SINCX-PI)=-SIN(X)

FEXT
4—27

5455
5456
5457
5442
5441
5442
5445
5444
5445

5446
5447
5452
5451
5452
5455
5454

1545
7652
7242
5545

4427
5725
2714

5462
5461

5522
2725
6725
2222

5464

3724

5465
5466
5467
5472

1552
5724
1555
5724

5471
5472
5475
5474
5475
5476

1556
5724
1714
5725
2222
2545
5622
4741
7222
5622

5477
5522
5521
5522

5525
5524
5525
5526
5527
5512
5511
5512
5515

2222
4427
6725
5714
2725

CLFPNT

/x<P1/27

FGET 1 x2
FSUB 1 P12
FEXT
GETSGN
SPA CLA
JMP PALG
CLFPNT
FGET PI
FSUB 1 x2
FPUT 1 x2
22x1

1245
7712
5255
4427

5462
5465

5457

Pcnzcx,

2222

4427
5725
4714
6725
5725
6724
5525

5455
5456

TAD PNTR
SNA CLA
CMA
DCA PNTR

PALG,

/YES
/N0

/SIN(X):SIN(PI-X)

CLFPNT
FGET 1 x2
FDIV 1 P12
FPUT 1 x2
FMPY 1 x2
FPUT 1 x522
FGET C9
FMPY I XSQ2
FADD c7

FMPY
FADD
FMPY
FADD
FMPY
FADD

FMPY
FEXT

I x522
C5
1 x522
c5
1 x522
1 P12
I x2

152 PNTR
JMP 1 FSIN
JMS 1 NEGT
CLA
JMP 1 FSIN
/FLOATING POINT COSINE

FCOS,

CLFPNT
FPUT 1 x2
FGET 1 P12
FSUB 1 x2
22x1
742 F005
224 FSIN
JMP FSIN+1

2222

1525
5222
5221

/COS(X)=SIN(PI/2-X)

/CONSTANTS AND POINTERS
5514
5515
5516

5246
@203
5119
5755

P12,
TWOPI,

0502

PI,

5517
552%
5521
5522

5116
5755

5523

5115

5524

5120

PIOT

/PI/2

2223
3112

5755

X2,
XSQZ,

9582
511%

5755
X
XSQR
4—28

5525
5526
5527
555%

7764
2566
5755

5551
5552
5555

5466
6517
7775
2451
5055

/SINE CONSTANTS
7764
c9,
2566
5755
7771
5466
6517
7775
cs,
2451
5955

009%

05,

5554
5555
5556
5557
5540
5541
5542
5545

7771

5525
@420
5116
4757
GEEE

QDQZ

5525
@42fl
FNEG

NEGT,
FIXR,
PNTR,

FIX
M

/LOGARITHM
5544
5545

flUUU
2615

5546
5547

4414
7776
2555
5591
7775
4746

5550
5551
5552

5555
5554
5555
5556
5557
5560
5561
5562
5565
5564
5565
5566
5567
5573
5571
5572
5575
5574

LOGEZ,
LOGS,
L066,

L067,

2256

4504
7771
4544
1755
Wflflfl

0090

2615

0771
7774

CONSTANTS

L068,

4414
7776

2555
5591
7775
4746
@771
7774
2256
4504
7771
4544

/FLOAT

1755
C(45)

FLOA,

752%
5546
1574
5244
4427
7800

CLA CLL
DCA 46
TAD C15
DCA 44
CLFP NT
FNOR

flflflfl

FEXT

5765
Efll5

JMP I
@615

015,

FLOA

*4757

/FIX C(FAC)
4757
476%
4761
4762
4765
4764
4765
4766
4767
477%
4771
4772
4775

1944
754%
5565
72%”
5575
1577
5Z44
1644
7750
5757
4774
5567

4774

6299

039%

FIX,

LOOP,

TAD 44
SMA SZA
JMP .+s
CLA
JMP FIXEND
TAD M15
DCA 44
TAD 44
SMA CLA
JMP I FIX
JMS I .+2
JMP LOOP
620%

/DIV1

4—29

IN INTERPRETER

4775
4776
4777

sm45

FIXEND,

5757
7765

M15,

5057

ACMINS
ALFI
ALF2
ARCALG
ARCRTN
ARTN

5114
5154
5157
5162
5151
5226
5200

5062

BETZ
BETl

ALFZ

DCA
JMP
-15

45
I FIX

L062
LOGS
LOG6
LOG7
L088
LOOP
L1
12
L5
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8

5576
5547
5552
5555
5560

4767
5554

5557
5562
5565
5570
5571
5572
5575

CLFPNT

5165
5170
5175
5065
4407

CONI

5245

015

5574

5556

C5
C7

5555
5550

5525

5070
5255

PALG

4777
5242
5541
5261
5076
5455

PCHECK

5441

5505
5000
4757
4775

PI
PIOT
P12
PNTR

5520
5246
5514
5545

5106
5542
5245

SIGN
START
Tim
TEMP

5104
5274
5574

BETZ
C

EXIT
FCOS
FEXP

FIX
FIXEND
FIXIT

FIXR
FLAGI
FLAGZ
FLOA
FLOAT
FLOATP
FLOG
FNEG

FSIN
GETSGN
GO
INVERT
LGZE
LOGEZ

MOD
M15
NEGIT

NEGT
OK
ONE

5105
5565
5107
5577
5251
5110

TWO
TWOPI
X

XSQR
XSQ2
X1
X2
ZER
ZERGO
ZERO

5400
1045
5225
5541
5075
5544

4—30

5410

5125
5101
5515
5115
5120
5524

5244
5525
5126

5550
5575

IFLOATING OUTPUT PROGRAM

/IF(62):0, THEN OUTPUT IN E FORMAT
/ELSE, C(62)=NUMBER OF DIGITS
/C(AC)=NUMBER OF PLACES TO RIGHT OF
/IF C(AC)=05 THEN DON'T OUTPUT POINT
NOT COUNTED IN OUTPUT
/SIGN AND
/CONTENTS OF 1 5 LOST DURING OPERATION
.

#7201
7201
7202
7205
7204

4777
4217

7207

7200

7227
7250
7251
7252

5415
7000
7000
7000

7501

5415

7505

5415

7576
7577

5412
5400

JMS
JMS
TAD
JMS

1524
4776

I 7577
7217
7524
I 7576

/ALTERATIONS FLOATING OUTPUT

#7207
CLA

#7227
DCA
NOP
NOP
NO?

DCA

#7501

#7565

#7576

TGO
EDIT

7C 96670

5400
5401
5402

0000
5552
1062

5405

5411
5412
5415
5414
5415
5416

7041
5547
1557
5550
1565
5015
5600
0000
5044
1565
5015
1415

5417

4761

5404

5405
5406
5407
5410

5420
5421
5422
5425
5424
5425
5426

5427
5450
5451
5452

EDIT,

DCA
TAD
CMA
DCA
TAD

COUNTl

M8
COUNT2
TAD SADl
DCA 15
JMP I EDIT

TGO,

DCA 44
TAD SADl
DCA 15
TAD I 15
JMS I 0U11
TAD 62

1062

7510
5500
1552
7041
1062

SAC
62
IAC

DCA

7650
5527
2212
2212
1044

TRYAGN,

SNA
JMP
152
152
TAD
SPA
an?
TAD

CLA
EFORM
TGO
TGO
44

MINS
SAC
CMA. IAC

TAD 62

4—31

DC *1 cflflwé

5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5440

5441
5442
5443
5444

7510

SPA

5266
7450
5245

JMP ERR
JMP
CMA
DGA
TAD
JMS
ISZ
JMP

7041
3351
1353

4321
2351
5241

5445
5446
5447
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455

7450
5256
3351
4337
4321
2351
5252

5456
5457
5460

1352
7650
5263

1044

601,

7041

5461

1354

5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5470
5471
5472
5473

4761

602,

4321

ERR,

4321
5271

ERGO,

5477
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5510
5511
5512

7200
1062
7041
1352
7450
5313
3351
1353
4321
2351
5307

MINS,

5513

1354
4761

GO3,

5476

5514
5515
5516

5517
5520

5521
5522

4321
2044
5315
5263
0000

4762

TAD 44
IAC

JMP 602
DCA CNTR
JMS GET
JMS OUT
ISZ CNTR
JMP 0'3

7240
1352
3352
5225

5474
5475

CNTR
SPCE
OUT
CNTR
0-3

CMA
SNA

4337
5263
1352
7700
5274
1356

801
IAC

TAD
SNA
JMP
TAD
JMS
JMS

SAC
CLA
.+3
PERIOD
1 OUTl
GET

JMS OUT
JMP 0-2
TAD SAC
SMA
JMP
TAD
JMS
JMP

CLA
ERGO
CHX
OUT
0'2

CLA
TAD
DCA
JMP

CMA

CLA
TAD
CMA
TAD
SNA
JMP
DCA
TAD
JMS
ISZ
JMP
TAD
JHS
JMS
ISZ
JMP
JMP

SAC
SAC
TRYAGN

62
IAC
SAC
503
CNTR
SPCE

OUT
CNTR
0'3

PERIOD
I OUTl
OUT
44
0'2
GOZ+5

OUT,
JMS I

OUTZ

4—32

5525

5524
5525
5526

2547
5721
1555
5612

152 COUNTI

5527
555%
5551
5552
5555
5554
5555
5556

4762
1554
4761
156M

5547
4557
4521
5554

5557

2060

554%
5541
5542

5545

2555
5545
724a
555%
5757
1415

5546

5757

5547
555%

uuua
mean

5551

5552
5555
5554

0550

5545
5544

5555
5555

5557
5550
5561
5562
5565

7759
0256
5505
0955
7779

7771
7544
7652
5565

bUFFER

5554

ca;
cnx
CNTR

5555
555s
5551
5547
5550
5400

COUNTI
COUNT2
EDIT
EFORM
ERGO
ERR
GET
601
602
GO5
MINS
M7
M8
OUT
OUTl
0UT2
PERIOD
SAC

EFORM,

JMP I OUT
TAD CfiE
JMP I T60
JHS I OUT2
TAD PERIOD
JMS I 0UT1
TAD M7
DCA COUNT1
JMS GET
JMS OUT
JNP .-2

GET,

132 COUNT2
JMP .+4
CLA CMA
DCA COUNTZ
JMP I GET
TAD I 15
JMP I GET

COUNTI,
couura,
CNTR,

0
a

sac,
SPCE,

PERIOD,
CHE,
CHX,
M8,

M7,
ou71,
ou72,
5401,
BUFFER,

W511
256
525

39°“ 9 46

550-260
~10
-7

7544
7352
BUFFER-1

5466
5557
5445
5456
5515
559%
5560

5557
5521
5561
5562

SADl
SPCE

ISO
TdYAGN

5425

,Nsrzifio

Sjwqccs

5527
5474

5554
5552
5565
5555

54141“' 8‘52565
0"”

5412

4—33