Digital PDFs

DEC-08-BA1

December 1968

16 pages

Original

0.7MB

Document:	dec-08-ba1c-d
Order Number:	DEC-08-BA1
Revision:
Pages:	16
Original Filename:	https://svn.so-much-stuff.com/svn/trunk/pdp8/src/dec/dec-08-ba1/dec-08-ba1c-d.pdf

OCR Text

IDENTIFICATION
Product" Code:

DEC-08-BA1C-D

Product Nome:

PDP-8, 8S, 81, 8L
System Program Index

Date Created:

October 16, 1968

Maintainer:

Program Library

PDP~e
LIBRARY

DEC-08-AJAC-D

FOCAL

FOCAL (for FOrmula CALculator) is an on-line, conversational

service program for the PDP-8 family

of computers, designed to help scientists, engineers, and students solve numerical problems

language consists of short imperative English statements which are relatively easy to learn
ical expressions are typed, for the most part, in standard notation .
is

The

Mathemat-

No previous programming experience

needed either to understand this manual or to use FOCAL at the Teletype console

However, the

best way to learn the FOCAL language is to sit at the Teletype and try the commands, starting with the

examples given in the manual

DEC-08-AFAC

FORTRAN Compi ler and Operating System

The one pass FORTRAN Compiler and Operating System compiles FORTRAN source language statements
into an object program tape.

The operating system executes the program

This operating system contains

the interpreter, arithmetic function subroutines and input/output packages

DEC-08-AFA2

Symbol Print

Loaded over the FORTRAN Compiler, this program lists the variables used and where they will be located
in

core.

also indicates the section of core not used by the compiled program and data

DEC-08-A2A0

FORTRAN (8K)

Describes a more powerful version of FORTRAN designed specifically for the PDP-8 family of computers

with 8K words of core memory .

The manual details the FORTRAN language elements and statements,

compiler and operating system , Symbol print. Linking Loader, Run-Time Monitor, and the complete
library of arithmetic subprograms.

The appendices include a summary of library calling sequences,

format and statement specifications, storage allocation, error diagnostics, and operating procedures
for the entire system

DEC-08-ASAB

PAL III Symbolic Assembler

pal III is a two pass symbolic machine language assembler which converts program coded in symbolic
machine language to binary machine language.
octa I/symbolic assembly listing .

has an optional third pass to produce a side-by-side

The basic process performed by the assembler is the substitution of

numeric values for symbols, according to associations defined in the symbol table.

In addition, the

user may request that the assembler itself assign values to the user's own symbols at assembly time

These symbols are normally used to name memory locations, which may then be referenced by name.

DEC-08-CDDA

DDT-8 (Dynamic Debugging Tape)

DDT-8 provides a means for on-line program debugging at the symbolic or mnemonic level

By typing

commands on the console teleprinter, memory locations can be examined and changed, program tapes
can be inserted, selected program tapes can be inserted, selected portions of the program can be run,

and the updated program can be punched.

DEC-08-CMAA

MACRQ-8 Assembler

The MACRO-8 symbolic assembler accepts source programs written in symbolic language and translates

them into binary form in two passes.

MACRO-8 produces an object program tape (binary), a SYMBOL

table (for use with DDT), an Octal/Symbolic assembly listing, and useful diagnostic messages.

MACRO-8 is compatible with PAL III, and has the following additional features:

user defined macros;

double precision integers, floating point constants; arithmetic and Boolean operators, literals, text
facilities and automatic link generation.

DEC-08-COC0

ODT-8 (Octal Debugging Technique)

ODT-8 (Octal Debi^ging Technique) is a debugging aid for the PDP-8, which facilitates communication with, and alteration of, the program being run.

Communication between operator and program

occurs via the Teletype, using defined commands and octal numbers.

ODT-8 is a subset of DDT-8

and occupies three pages of core storage.
The program may be relocated to occupy any three consecutive pages of core.

DEC-08-ESAB

Symbolic Editor

The PDP-8 Symbolic Editor allows the user to prepare and edit symbolic tapes on-line in ASCII code
with the Teletype and/or high-speed reader/punch .

The tedious task of correcting symbolic program

tapes using the Teletype off-line is thereby avoided.

Proper use of the PDP-8 Symbolic Editor can

siijstantially ease the labor and reduce the number of passes necessary to correct symbolic programtapes

The Editor reads a page, or section, of symbolic tape into a buffer in core storage, where it is available
for examination and correction

upon keyboard command.

The page buffer occupies all of core not taken

up by the Editor itself and has a capacity of approximately 6000

characters .

When the Editor has

finished reading a page into the buffer, a bell rings to signal the user that he may begin editing .

The

user may then call for a listing of individual (numbered) lines, in any order, and insert desired changes

and corrections .

In addition, text

may be added to the buffer , or inserted between specified lines

Groups of lines or individual lines may be moved or deleted by a single command, or the entire page

may be erased if desired. Searches may be made and parts of lines changed without retyping the entire
line.

Upon keyboard command, the Editor will then either list or punch out the corrected lines or page

on paper tape.

The Editor can also be used to generate a new symbolic tape by typing new text directly

on the keyboard .

DEC-LB-SYYB

Errors in typi ng

may be corrected simply by typi ng a rubout

Lab 8 Averager

Conversational package to do signal averaging; back averaging, dual resolution averaging .

Computa-

tion of point to point standard deviation and trend; signal sorti ng features; 1024 data points; preset

sweep counti ng

User may do on line signal editing .

DEC-08-NGCB

Console AAanual

DEC-08-UDCA

Calculator-8

The calculator is a program written to evaluate FORTRAN-like equations.

differs from

FORTRAN in

that functions to be evaluated are entered via the keyboard and calculated immediately upon termination of the entry.

Format control and the ability to call common function subroutines are provided

F-85 PDP-8 Users Handbook

DEC-08-Y QYA

Floating-Point System

Includes Floating-Point Interpreter and I/O subsystems .
in floating-point

Allows the programmer to code his problem

machine language.

Floating-point operations automatical ly align the binary points of operands , retaining the maximum
precision available by discarding leading Os .

In addition to increasing accuracy, floating-point

operations relieve the programmer of scaling problems common in fixed-point operations .
includes elementary function subroutines programmed in floating-point.

cosine, square root, logarithm, arc tangent, and exponential functions

This system

These subroutines are sine,
.

Data being processed in

floating-point is maintained in three words of memory (12-bit exponent, 24-bit mantissa) .

An accuracy

of seven decimal places is maintained

Digital-8-16-S

Master Tape Duplicator

This program will duplicate and verify 8-channel paper tapes using the PDP-8 with high-speed reader

and high-speed punch

The program uses the program interrupt and allows both the reader and the

punch to operate at maximum speed

The program accumulates two types of checksums while reading and while punching:

(1)

the number of

nonzero characters on the tape, and (2) the sum of characters on the tape (both are taken modulo 4096)

While duplicating, the program compares the checksums at the end of the tape with the checksums
accumulated by the read routine

these differ, a reader error has occurred and a message is typed

Tapes are verified by reading them and comparing accumulated checksum with those at the end of the
tape .

Only master tapes produced by the program may be duplicated

The master tape has the two

checksums punched at the end.

FUNCTION SUBROUTINES
DEC-08-FMAA

Single Precision Square Root

This subroutine will extract the square root of a single precision integer.
12

), it will

produce an integer K and a remainder R, such that N = K

DEC-08-FMBA

Sitigle Precision

Given an input N (0<N<
+ R.

Signed Multiply Subroutine

This subroutine fcx^ms a 22 -bit signed product from 11 -bit signed multiplier and multiplicand.

DEC-08-FMCA-D

Single Precision Signed Divide Subroutine

The Single -Precision Divide Subroutine will divide a 12-bit signed divisor into a 24-bit signed dividend
to produce a 12-bit quotient and a 12-bit signed remainder.

DEC-08-FMDA

Signed Double Precision Multiply

This subroutine forms a 46 -bit signed product from the 23-bit signed multiplier and multiplicand

DEC-08-FMEA

Double Precision Signed Divide Subroutine

The Double-Precision Divide Subroutine will divide a 24-bit signed divisor into a 48 -bit dividend to
produce a 24-bit signed quotient and an unsinged remainder

DEC-08-FMFA

Double Precision Sine Subroutine

The Double-Precision Sine Subroutine will evaluate the function Sin(X) for -4 < X < 4 (X is in radians)
The argument is a double-precision word, 2 bits representing the integer part and 21 bits representing
the fractional part .

The result is a 23-bit signed fraction -1 < Sin (X) < 1 .

DEC-08-FMGB

Double Precision Cosine Routine

This subroutine will form the cosine of a double-precision argument (in radians) . The input range is

-4 <X <4.
4

DEC-08-FMHA

Four Word Floating Point Package

This program

almost identical to the 3-Word Floating-Point Package (Digital-8-5-S) except that ac-

curacy is carried to 35 bits, and four 12-bit words are used for storage

DEC-08-FMIA

Logical Subroutines

Subroutines for performing the logical operations of inclusive and exclusive OR are presented as a package

DEC-08-FMJA

Arithmetic Shift Subroutines

Four basic subroutines, shift right and shift left each at both single and double precision, are presented
as a package

These are arithmetic shifts.

DEC-08-FMKA

Logical Shift Subroutines

Two basic subroutines, shift right at both single and double precision are presented as a package. These
shifts are logical in

Digital-8-21 -F

nature.

Signed Single-Precision Multiply Subroutine for Extended
Arithmetic Element Ty pe 182

This subroutine forms a 22-bit signed product from an

Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182.

1-bit signed multiplier and multiplicand using the

occupies less storage and takes less time to execute than its

non-EAE counterpart and it has the same calling sequence.

Digital-8-22-F

Signed, Single-Precision Divide Subroutine
Using the Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182

This subroutine will divide a double-precision signed 22-bit dividend by a signed

a signed
It

1-bit quotient and an

1-bit divisor producing

1-bit remainder having the sign of the dividend.

makes use of the Extended Arithmetic E lement Type 182 instruction set and occupies less storage and

takes less time to execute than its non-EAE counterpart.

has the same calling sequence except that

the subroutine name has been changed from DIVIDE to SPDIV

Digitai-8-23-F

Signed Double Precision Multiply Subroutine
Using the Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182

This subroutine will multiply a 23-bit, signed 2s complement binary number by a 23-bit signed 2s com-

plement binary number giving a 46-bit product with two signs on the high order end.

makes use of

the Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182 instruction set and therefore occupies fewer core locations

and takes less time to execute than its non-EAC counterpart.

Its

calling sequence

compatible with

the non-EAE version.

Digital--8-25-F

Floating Point Package Using the Extended

Arithmetic Element Type 182

These packages perform the same tasks as the Floating-Point Packages (DigitaI-8-5-S A, B, C, D) except
that certain routines have been speeded up by the use of the Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182.

LOADERS
DEC-08-LRAA

Read-In Mode (RIM Loader)

The RIM Loader is a minimum routine for reading and storing information contained in read-in-mode coded
tapes via the ASR33 Perforated Tape Reader.

DEC-08- LBAA

Binary Loader

The Binary Loader is a short routine for reading and storing information contained in binary-coded tapes,
using the ASR33 Perforated -Tape Reader and the Type 750 High-Speed Perforated Tape Reader.

The Binary Loader accepts tapes prepared by the use of PAL (Program Assembly Language) or MACRO-8.
Diagnostic messages may be included on tapes produced when using either PAL or MACRO.

The Binary

Loader will ignore all diagnostic messages.

DEC-C^-LHAA

"HELP" Loader

The "HELP" Loader loads the standard version of the RIM and BIN Loaders into the PDP-8,

in less

than

90 s, replacing manual procedures which required several minutes.

D EC-08- LUAA

TC01 Bootstrap Loader

This is a bootstrap for loading the PDP-8 DECtape Library System designed for use with

DECtape Control

Type TC01 with TU55 Tape Transports.

Digital-8-3-U

DECtape Library System Loader (Type 552 Control)

The use of the DECtape Library System Loader is discussed.

Certain conventions with respect to last page

storage are established for this loader as well as the Read-In-Mode and Binary Loaders

UTILITY PROGRAMS AND SUBROUTINES

DEC-08-PMPO

Read“In Mode (RIM) Punch

The RIM Punch program provides a means of punching out information contained in selected blocks of
core memory as RIM-coded tape via the ASR33 Perforated Tape Punch or High-Speed Punch.

The punch

program may occupy either low or high memory depending on the version used.

Digital-8-5-U-Sym

Binary Punch (ASR33 or PC01)

This program provides a means of punching out information contained

selected blocks of core memory

as binary-coded tape via the ASR33 Perforated Tape Punch or via the high-speed punch.

Octal Memory Dump

DigitaI-8-6-U-Sym

This routine will read the console switches twice to obtain the upper and lower limits of an area of mem-

ory, then type on the Teletype an absolute address plus the octal contents of the first four words specified

and repeat this until the block is exhausted, at which time the user may repeat the operation.

DIgital-8-10-U-Sym

BCD to Binary Conversion Subroutine

A basic subroutine for converting binary-coded-decimal numbers to their equivalent binary value. Conversion

accomplished by "radix deflation."

Digital-8-1 1-U

Double Precision BCD to Binary Conversion Subroutine

This subroutine converts a 6-digit BCD number to its equivalent binary value in hvo computer words.

Digital-8-14-U-Sym

Binary to

BCD Conversion Subroutine

This subroutine provides the basic means of converting binary data to binary-coded-decimal (BCD) data
for typeout,

magnetic tape recording, etc.

Digital-8- 15-U-Sym

Binary to

This subroutine extends the

BCD Conversion (Four Digit)

method used in Digital-8-14-U-Sym so that binary integers from 0 to 4095

contained in a single computer word may be converted to four binary-coded-dec ima
in

two computer words

characters packed

Digital-8- 1 7-U-Sym

Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182 Instruction Set Simulator

This simulator will allow the use of instructions belonging to the Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182
set on a

PDP-8 that is not equipped with this hardware option.

Programs that will ultimately be run on

a PDP-8 with the EAE option can be checked out using the simulator on a machine without EAE
that is required to use the

All

EAE hardware when it becomes available is a reassembly of the program with-

out the simulator symbolic tape

Digital-8-18-U-Sym

Alphanumeric Message Typ eout

A basic subroutine to type messages packed in computer words. Two 6-bit characters are packed internally in a single word.

can be typed

All

ASR33 codes from 301 to 337 and from 240 to 277 (excepting 243 and 245)

The typing of line-feed (code 212) and carriage-return (code 215) are made possible by

arbi trarily assigning internal codes of 43 and 45, respectively, to represent these characters, thus pre-

venting the output of ASCII codes 243 (^1) and 245 (%).

Digital-8-1 9-U-Sym

Teletype Output Subroutines

A group of subroutines useful In controlling ASR33 output is presented as a package.
for the simulation of tabulation stops.

Provision

The distance "tabbed" may be controled by the user.

made

Characters

whose ASR33 codes are in groups 241 through 277, inclusive, and 300 through 337, inclusive, are legal.
Space, carriage return then line feed, and tabulation are provided via subroutines.

DigItal-8-20-U-Sym

Character String Typeout

A basic subroutine to type messages stored Internally as a string of coded characters.

All

ASR33 char-

acters are legal

DIgital-8-21-U-Sym

Symbolic Tape Format Generator

The format generator allows the user to create PDP-8 symbolic tapes with formatting.

may be used to

condense tapes with spaces by inserting tabs, or merely to align tabs, instructions, and comments.

Digital-8-22-U-Sym

Unsigned Decimal Print

This subroutine permits the typeout of the contents of a computer word as a 4-digIt, positive, decimal

Integer

Signed Decimal Print - Single Precision

Digital-8-23-U-Sym

This subroutine permits the typeout of the contents of a computer word as a signed 2s complement number.
If

bit 0 of the

form;

if bit

computer word is a

the remaining bits represent a negative integer in 2s complement

0 equals 0, the remaining bits represent a positive integer.

the number is negative, a

minus sign is printed; If positive, a space

Digita 1-8-24- U-Sym

Unsigned Decimal Print, Double Precision

This subroutine permits the typeout of a double-precision Integer stored in the usual convention for

double-precision numbers.

The one exception is that all 24 bits are interpreted as magnitude bits (i.e.,

the bit 0 of the high-order word is not a sign bit)

The typeout is in the form of a 7-digit, positive,

decimal integer.

Digital-8-25-U-Sym

Signed Decimal Print, Double Precision

This subroutine permits the typeout of the contents of two consecutive computer words as one signed,

double-precision, 2s complement number.

bit

0 of the hlgh-order word is a

represent a negative integer in 2s complement form;
positive integer.

If bit

the number is negative, a minus sign

Digital-8-28-U-Sym

the remaining 23 bits

0 equals 0, the remaining bits represent a
is

printed;

positive, a -pace.

Single Precision Decimal to Binary Conversion
and Typeout ASR33, Signed or Unsigned

This routine accepts a string of up to four decimal digits (single precision for the PDP-8) from the Tele-

type keyboard and converts it to the corresponding 2s complement binary number

The string may contain as legal characters a sign (+,-, or space) and the digits from 0 through 9.
first

legal character

not a sign , the conversion is unsigned

A back arrow

(

)

string erases the current string and allows the operator to reenter the correct value .

the

at any point in the

Any character after

the first, other than another digit or back arrow causes the conversion to terminate and is found In location SIS AVE within the subroutine

Digital-8-29-U-Sym

Double Precision Decimal to Binary Conversion
and Typeout (ASR33), S igned or Unsigned

This routine accepts a string of up to eight decimal digits (double-precision for the

PDP-8) from the

Teletype keyboard and converts it to the corresponding 2s complement binary number.

or space) and the digits 0 through 9.

The string may contain as legal characters a sign
legal character is not a sign, the conversion

unsigned

A "back-arrow"

)

(

the first

at any point in the

Any character after the

string erases the current string and allows the operator to reenter the value.
first,

other than another digit or "back-arrow", causes the conversion to terminate and is found in lo-

cation DIDSAV within the subroutine.

DECTAPE SYSTEM SOFTWARE
DECtape Programming Manual

DEC-08-SUBO

PDP-8 DECtape software provides the programmer with the following operational materials for both tfie
552/555 hardware and the TC01/TU55 hardware.
a.

Subroutines which the programmer may easily incorporate into a program for data storage,
logging, data acquisition, data buffering (queueing), etc.

A library calling system for storing named programs on DECtape and a means of calling
them with a minimal size loader.

Digital-8-33-U

5/8 Tog (DECtape Formatter) for 552/555 DECtape Control

The main purpose of this program is to supply a blank DECtape with a skeletal structure of required timingtrack marks and mark-track codes for a specified number of blocks, each with a specified number of data

words.

A series of end-zone marks are also supplied at each end of the tape.

above manner requires three full length passes, involving one normal halt.
is

Creating a tape in the

Following these three passes

a series of four check-read passes and one check-write pass involving only one normal halt at the end

of the last pass.

Data is written both in the forward and reverse directions and each write pass is followed

by two check-read passes, one in each direction.

For a complete certification of the DECtape format produced, the use of the exerciser. program DECEX

(Digital-8-33B-U) is recommended.

Digital-8-34-U

PDP-5/8 DECtape Exerciser (DECEX) (552 Control)

DECEX is a program in four discrete operative sections.
data, write data, and search modes.

This program exercises a DECtape unit in read

DECEX operates equally well on either a PDP-5 or PDP-8, re-

quiring no special adjustment by the user.

The four discrete program sections are EXER, SEXER, ALTER,

and INK.

EXER exercises the DECtape in read data , write data , and search modes
writing a known data record on tape in segments of

Exercising is accompi ished by

22^^ blocks and then reading this record back into

memory and checking it against the original, word for word.

Comparison errors as well as errors detected

automatically by the control are reported to the user via written output to the ASR33.

Control over the

operational configuration is available to the user via the SWITCH REGISTER at all times.

SEXER exercises the search mode only. The user specifies a unit number and block number to the program
which then searches for the specified block alternating between forward and reverse
change the target block number at any time during the operation of the program

The user may

Errors are reported by

an error halt.

ALTER and INK are utility programs which allow the user to vary the data pattern written on tape by
EXER.

Only tapes constructed in the standard format may be exercised by EXER.

Any format is compatible

with SEXER.

DEC-08-FUA0

TC01 DECtape Subroutines

These subroutines provide the user with the ability to read, write and search using the TCOl tape system.

The read and write subroutines transfer ^28^^ (one memory page) of the specified block (or blocks) although the standard block length is 129^^ 12-bit words.
successive 128 word blocks of core.

DEC-08-EUFA

Provision

Successive blocks are read (written) from (into)

made for transfers to and from extended memories

TC01/TU55 DECtape Formatter

The purpose of this system is to record the required timing and mark tracks on a DECtape mounted on the

TC01-TU55 DECtape unit.
The program , which never stops, obtains the variable information it needs by communication with the
operator via the ASR33 Teletype

Two full passes are required to complete one DECtape.

Upon completion of a sequence, another tape

may be mounted and formatted, as the last, without renewed communication between the operator and
program

Therefore, marked tape may be produced in great numbers with

at a rather rapid rate

little

operator intervention,

One tape, excluding tape setup time, requires two minutes from start to finish

(see also Disc Software)

DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (Type 680)
680 5-Bif- Character Assembly Subroutines

Digital-8-35-S-A

These subroutines concentrate Teletype data by assembling serial bit data into 5-bit characters and presenting the user with data similar to that obtained by using a 630 and scanner.
stop bits to 5-bit characters and transmit them in serial-bit fashion .
the subroutines can operate with half duplex

Digital-8-35-S-B

They also add start and

Full-duplex lines are assumed, but

user handles the expected echo.

if the

680 8-Bit Character Assembly Subroutines

The 680 Data Communication System 8-Bit Character Assembly Subroutines concentrate Teletype data by
assembling serial -bit data into 8-bit characters and present the user with data similar to that obtained by
using a 630 DCS and scanner.
serial-bit fashion .

They also add start and stop bits to 8-bit characters and transmit them in

Full-duplex lines are assumed, but the subroutines will work with half duplex if the

user handles the expected echo.

Digital-C®-USBO

Multianalyzer Display and Analysis

The two-dimensional pulse-height analysis program reads in and analyzes two-parameter energy and
spectra data.

The program receives and executes corrmnands from the keyboard.

These commands start

and stop data taking, control the displays, and control writing and punching of data.
available are:

box."

The displays

isometric, vertical and horizontal slicing, differential and integral contours, and "twinkle

The program is flexible with respect to the dimensions of the data matrix.

DEC-06-G61D

Programmed Buffered Display 338 Manual

The Type 338 Programmed Buffered Display is a precision incremental display system , consisting of a
small scale, high-speed computer and a display subsystem for control of the CRT .

the Digital Equipment PDP-8 (for Programmed Data Processor) .

(twelve bits) machine .

It is

The computer used is

a single address, fixed word length

The complete cycle time for its random access magnetic core memory is 1 .5 ps.

All arithmetic operations are performed in 2s complement notation

Digital-8-1 2-S

Incremental Plotter Subroutine

This subroutine moves the pen of an incremental plotter to a new position along the best straight line.

The pen may be raised or lowered during the motion

Oceanographic Analysis

5-S

This program represents the basic accepted physical

oceanography method for the reduction of data con-

cerning depth, temperature, and salinity measurements of the water column

This program allows the field oceanographer a rapid means of immediately calculating Sigma-T, anomaly

of specific volume, and sound velocity following a Nansen cast whereby he may examine results in detail to determine

the structure of the environment he has just sampled and to check the validity of his

measurements.

The program also contains an interpolation routine as well as a depth integration of the anomaly of specific volume

DISC/DECTAPE SOFTWARE
DISC MONITOR SYSTEM

DEC-D8-SDAA

This system consists of a keyboard-oriented Monitor, which enables the user to efficiently control the

flow of programs through his PDP-8, and a comprehensive software package, which includes a FORTRAN

Compiler, Program Assembly Language (PAL-D), Edit program (EDITOR), Peripheral Interchange Program
(PIP)

and Dynamic Debugging Technique (DDT-D) program.

Also provided is a program (BUILDER) for

generating a customized monitor according to the user's particular machine configuration (amount of
core, number of discs or DECtapes, etc .)

The system is modular and open ended

permitting the user to construct the software required in his en-

vironment, and allows the user full access to his disc
storage and retrieval of his programs.

(or

DEC tape) -referred to as the system device - for

By typing appropriate commands to the Monitor, the user can

load a program (construct it from one or more units of binary coding previously punched out on paper

tape or written on the disc by the Assembler, and assign
starting address, on the system device),

core), save it (wri te

out, with an assigned

and later call it (read it back into core from the system device)

for execution

order to have a complete DISC/DECtape package, the user may order the fol lowing in addition to

DEC-D8-SDAA-D above:
1

Disc System Builder

DEC-D8-SBAC-PB

Disc Editor

DEC-D8-ESAB-PB

PIP

DEC-D8-PDAP-PB

Disc DDT

DEC-D8-CDDO-PB

Disc DDT Driver (ASCII)

DEC-D8-CDDO-PA

Disc/DECtape FORTRAN

DEC-D8-AFA(l-6)-PB

PAL-D Assembler

DEC-D8-ASAA-D (Manual)
DEC-D8-ASAA-PB

DEC-D8-ASAA

PAL-D DISC ASSEMBLER

PAL-D is the symbolic assembly program designed primarily for the 4K PDP-8 family of computers with
disc or DECtape.

efficient.

The PAL-D Assembler makes machine language programming easier, faster, and more

Basically, the Assembler processes the programmer's source program statements by translating

mnemonic operation codes to the binary codes needed in machine instructions, relating symbsis to numeric values, assigning absolute core addresses for program instructions and data, and preparing on output listing of the program, which includes notification of any errors detected during the assembly fM’ocess