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Document:	VAX-11 EDT Editor Retference Manual
Order Number:	AA-H944A-TE
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Pages:	197
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VAX-11 EDT Editor
Reference Manual
Order No. AA-H944A-TE

April 1980

This manual describes how to use the EDT interactive text editor. The manual is
intended for all users.

VAX-11 EDT Editor
Reference Manual
Order No. AA-H944A-TE

OPERATING SYSTEM AND VERSION: VAXNMS

V2.0

SOFTWARE VERSION:

V2.0

EDT

To order additional copies of this document, contact the Software Distribution
Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754

digital equipment corporation · maynard, massachusetts

The information in this document is subject to change without notice andshould not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license, and
may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

The postage-paid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this
document requests your critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future
documentation.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
FOCAL
IAS

DEC
DECnet
DECsystem-10
DECtape
DECUS
DIBOL
DIGITAL

PDP

RSX
UNIBUS
VAX
VMS

5/80-14

Contents
Page

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1
1.2

1.3
1.4
1.5
1. 6
1. 7

EDT Editor Summary .
EDT Commands . . .

. 1-1
1-2

1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5

. 1-2
. 1-2
1-3
. 1-3
1-3

EDT Control Commands . . .
Line Editing Commands . .
Character Editing . . . .
Nokeypad Character Editing
Keypad Character Editing

Text Buffers . . . . . .
Line Numbers. . . . . .
Startup Command Files .
Journal File .
Help Facility . . . . . .

1-3
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4

Chapter 2 EDT Tasks
2.1

2.2

2.3
2.4
2.5

General.

2-1

2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4

2-1
2-1
2-1
2-2

Starting EDT . . . . . . . .

2-2

2.2.1
2.2.2

2-2
2-3

The Login Procedure .
The Command Line .

Line Editing Commands: Creating New Files . .
EDT's Protection of Your Input . . . . .
More Line Edi ting: New Files . . . . . . . . .
2.5.1
2.5.2

2.6
2.7

Operating System . . . . . . .
System Command Level Prompt
EDT Command Level . . . . . .
Your Terminal Position Marker .

More Line Editing: Revising Files . . .
And More Line Editing: Multiple Files .

Using Character Editing: Nokeypad Editing
Using Character Editing: Keypad Editing.
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2. 7.4
2.7.5
2.7.6
2. 7. 7
2. 7.8
2.7.9
2.7.10

How to Start Keypad Editing.
How to Get Help . .
Keypad Functions ~
Inserting Text . . .
Moving the Cursor . .
Marking Text with Select Ranges.
Deleting Words and Characters . .
Deleting Lines . . . . . . . . . .
How to Change Case . . . . . . .
Exiting Keypad Character Editing

2-4
2-5
2-6
. 2-9
. 2-11

2-14
2-19
. 2-19
. 2-20
. 2-20
. 2-20
2-21
. 2-24
. 2-26
. 2-27
. 2-31
2-31

Chapter 3 Protection Provided by EDT
3.1
3.2
3.3

The Journal File .
Consistency Check.
Error Messages . .

. . 3-1
. . 3-3
. 3-3

Chapter 4 Line Numbers and Range Specifications
4.1
4.2

Line Numbers . . . . . . .
Range Specifications. . . .
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4

Single Line Ranges .
Contiguous Line Ranges
Noncontiguous Range Specifiers.
Text Buffer Range Specifications

. 4-1
. 4-2
. . 4-2
. 4-4
. . 4-4
. . 4-5

Chapter 5 Editor Buffers
5.1

5.2

Text Buffers

. 5-1

5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3

. 5-1
. 5-1
. 5-1

Main Buffer .
Paste Buffer .
Additional Text Buffers.

Other Buffers .

. 5-2

5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5

. 5-2
. 5-3
. 5-3
. 5-3
. 5-3

Line Buffer
Word Buffer .
Character Buffer .
String Search Buffer .
Substitute Buffer.

Chapter 6 The Command Line and Command Files
6.1
6.2
6.3

EDT Command Line
Command Qualifiers.
Command Files . . .

. 6-1
. 6-1
. 6-3

Chapter 7 Line Editing Commands
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
w

COPY Command . . . .
DEFINE MACRO Command
DELETE Command.
FIND Command . . .
INCLUDE Command .
INSERT Command .
MOVE Command.
Null Command . . .
PRINT Command . .
REPLACE Command .
RESEQUENCE Command
SUBSTITUTE Command .
SUBSTITUTE NEXT Command
TYPE Command .
WRITE Command . . . . . . . .

. 7-1
. . 7-2
. 7-4
. . 7-5
. 7-6
. 7-7
. 7-7
. 7-8
. . 7-9
. . 7-9
. 7-10
. 7-11
. . 7-13
. . 7-14
. . 7-16

Chapter 8 Editor Control Commands
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5

8.5.1
8.5.2
8.5.3
8.5.4
8.5.5
8.5.6

SET CASE
SET CURSOR Top: bottom.
SET ENTITY . . . .
SET KEYPAD . . .
SET LINES Number. ...
SET MODE . . . . . ...
8.5.6.1
8.5.6.2

8.5.7
8.5.8
8.5.9
8.5.10

8.5.11
8.5.12
8.5.13
8.5.14
8.5.15
8.6

. 8-1
. 8-2
. 8-3
. 8-4
. 8-4

CHANGE Command
EXIT Command
HELP Command .
QUIT Command
SET Command . . .

SET MODE CHANGE
SET MODE LINE

. 8-7
. 8-8

SET [N01NUMBERS
SET [N01QUIET ..
SET SCREEN Width
SET SEARCH. ..

. 8-8
. 8-8
. 8-8
. 8-9

8.5.10.1 SET SEARCH EXACT .
8.5.10.2 SET SEARCH BOUNDED
8.5.10.3 SET SEARCH END.

. 8-9
. 8-9
. 8-9

SET TAB N. ... . .
SET TERMINAL .....
SET [N01TRUNCATE . .
SET [NO]VERIFY .
SET [N01WRAP N.

. 8-9
. 8-12
. 8-12
. 8-14
. 8-14

SHOW COMMAND . . .
8.6.1
8.6.2
8.6.3
8.6.4
8.6.5
8.6.6
8.6.7
8.6.8
8.6.9

8-5
. 8-5
. 8-6
. 8-7
. 8-7
. 8-7

SHOW BUFFER.
SHOW CASE . . . .
SHOW CURSOR. . .
SHOW ENTITY .
SHOW KEY. ...
SHOW SCREEN . . .
SHOW SEARCH ..
SHOW TERMINAL .
SHOW VERSION . .

. 8-14
. 8-15
. 8-15
. 8-16
. 8-16
. 8-16
. 8-16
. 8-16
. 8-16
. 8-16

Chapter 9 Nokeypad Character Editing
9.1
9.2
9.3

Entities of Text . . . . . . .
Nokeypad Command Structure.
Format 1 Commands . .
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.3.6
9.3.7
9.3.8

ADV (Advance) .
BACK (Backup) . .
EX (Exit) . . . . .
EXT (Extended) . .
I (Insert). . . .
QUIT . . . . .
REF (Refresh) .
SEL (Select). .

. 9-1
. 9-3
. 9-4
. 9-4
. 9-4
. 9-5
. 9-5
. 9-6
. 9-6
. 9-7
. 9-7

9.3.9 TAB . . . . . . . . .
9.3.10 TC (Tab Compute). .
9.3.11 TOP . . . . . . . .
9.4

Format 2 Commands (Without Direction). .
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.4.4
9.4.5
9.4.6
9.4.7
9.4.8
9.4.9

9.5

" (Circumflex) . . . . . .

Format 2 Commands (With Direction)
9.5.1
9.5.2

9.6

ASC (ASCII). . . . .
SHL (Shift Left) . . .
SHR (Shift Right) . .
TD (Tab Decrement) .
TI (Tab Increment) .
UNDC (Undelete Character) .
UNDW (Undelete Word) .
UNDL (Undelete Line) . . . .

S/sl/s2/ (Substitute) .
SN (Substitute Next)

. . . 9-7
. . 9-9
. . 9-9
. . 9-9
. . 9-9
. 9-10
. 9-10
. 9-11
. 9-11
. 9-11
. 9-11
. 9-11
. . . . . . . 9-11
. 9-11
. . 9-12
. 9-12

Format 3 Commands

. . 9-13

9.6.1
9.6.2
9.6.3
9.6.4
9.6.5
9.6.6
9.6.7
9.6.8

. 9-13
. . 9-13
. 9-14
. . 9-15
. 9-16
. 9-17
. 9-17
. 9-18

APPEND .
CUT . . .
D (Delete) .
FILL . . . .
[Null] (Move Cursor) . .
PASTE . . . . . . .
R (Replace) . . . . .
TADJ (Tab Adjust)

Chapter 10 Keypad Functions In Change Mode
10.1
10.2

10.3

The Keypad and its Functions . . . . . . .
Starting and Ending an Editing Session

. . 10-2
. . 10-3

10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.2.4

. 10-3
. . 10-3
. 10-6
. 10-6

Beginning the Editing Session . . .
What it Means to Save or Delete Edits
Saving Your Edits . .
Deleting Your Edits

Essential Functions . .

. . 10-6

GOLD.
HELP . . . . .
RESET . . . .

. . 10-6
. 10-7
. . 10-8

10.4 Inserting Text and Lines.
10.4.1 Entering Text . .
10.4.2 Using OPEN LINE. .
10.5

Moving the Cursor . . .
10.5.1 The Arrow Keys .
UP . . .
DOWN
LEFT.
RIGHT
10.5.2 Setting the Direction of Cursor Movement .
ADVANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.10-8
. 10-8
. . 10-9
. 10-10
. . 10-10
.10-10
.10-11
.10-12
. . 10-13
10-14
. .10-14

BACKUP . . . . . .
10.5.3 Movement by Entity .
CHAR (Character) . .
WORD . . . . . .
EOL (End of Line) . .
LINE . . . . . . . .
BACK SPACE . . . .
10.5.4 Movement throughout the Buffer . .
PAGE . . . .
SECTION ..
TOP . . . .
BOTTOM.
10.6 Finding Text . . .

....

. 10-14
. 10-14
. 10-14
. 10-14
. 10-15
. 10-15
. . . 10-15
. 10-16
. 10-16
10-16
. 10-16
. 10-16
. 10-16

FIND . . . .
FNDNXT (Find Next) .

. 10-16
. 10-17

10. 7 Deleting. and Reinserting Text .

. 10-19

10.7.1 Deleting and Reinserting by Character
DELETE . . . . . . . . . .
DEL C (Delete Character) . . . .
UND C (Undelete Character) . . .
10.7.2 Deleting and Reinserting by Word . .
LINE FEED . . . . . . .
DEL W (Delete Word) . . . . . . .
UND W (Undelete Word) . . . . . .
10.7.3 Deleting and Reinserting by Line .
CTRL/U . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEL EOL (Delete to End of Line)
DELL (Delete through End of Line)
UND L (Undelete Line)
10.8 Selecting and Moving Text

. 10-19
. 10-19
. 10-19
. 10-19
. 10-20
. 10-20
. 10-20
. 10-21
. 10-21
. 10-21
. 10-22
. 10-22
. 10-22
. . 10-23

SELECT
CUT . .
PASTE .
APPEND

. 10-23
. 10-24
. 10-26
. 10-27

10.9 Replacing and Substituting Text.

. 10-30

REPLACE ..
SUBS . . . .

. 10-30
. 10-32

10.10 Entering Commands . .
ENTER . . .
COMMAND.
10.11 Special Characters, Changing Case, and Filling Lines .

. 10-33
. 10-33
. 10-34
. 10-34

SPECINS ..
CHNGCASE . . . . .
FILL . . . . . . . .

. 10-34
. 10-35
. 10-35

10.12 Control Character Functions.

. 10-36

CTRL/C.
CTRL/U . . . . . . .

. 10-36
. 10-36

vii

CTRL/W
CTRL/Z.
CTRL/A.
CTRL/E.
CTRL/D.
CTRL/T.
CTRL/K.

. . 10-3~
. 10-3(
. 10-3~
. 10-34
. 10-34
. 10-3'i
. . 10-3'i

10.13 DEFINE KEY Command .

. . 10-37

Appendix A Differences In Terminal Responses
A. l
A.2
A.3

Hardcopy Terminals. . . . .
Nokeypad Display Terminals.
Keypad Display Terminals. .

.. A-1
. . A-2
. A-3

Appendix B Error Messages

Appendix C ASCII Decimal Equivalents

Glossary

Figures
10-1 The VT52 Keypad and Its Functions .
10-2 The VTlOO Keypad and Its Functions
10-3 Keypad Numbers . . . . . . . . . .

10-4
10-5
10-39

Tables
6-1
9-1

EDT Command Qualifiers .
Entities. . . . . . . . . .

.. 6-2
. . 9-2

Commercial Engineering Publications typeset this manual using DIGITAL's
TMS-11 Text Management System.
944all

viii

Preface

Document Objectives
The VAX-11 EDT Editor Reference Manual describes the EDT editor, EDT
commands, the command qualifiers, and their usage. The manual provides
the user with all the information necessary to use EDT.

Intended Audience
This manual introduces all users to the interactive text editor EDT and provides reference material on EDT. EDT is useful for creating and editing
programs and text.

Document Structure
This manual is divided into 10 chapters, 3 appendixes, a glossary, and an
index. Users new to text editors should read the complete manual, concentrating on Chapters 2, 4, 6, 8, and either 7, 9 or 10. Users with experience in using
text editors should read Chapters 4, 6, 8, and either 7, 9 or 10 before using
EDT. Users whose interest is primarily line editing should read Chapter 7;
users whose interest is primarily nokeypad character editing should read
Chapter 9; readers whose interest is primarily keypad editing should read
Chapter 10. The examples use the VTlOO terminal; the response differences
for other terminals is in Appendix A.
Chapter 1 is an introduction with a general description of EDT's features.

Chapter 2 presents a series of sample tasks in order of increasing complexity.
The first tasks are presented with the most detail. The tasks are presented as
tutorial lessons that, when followed step by step, show EDT's responses to
certain inputs.
Chapter 3 describes some of the protection provided by EDT. This protection
gives the user visible proof of an EDT operation.
Chapter 4 describes the line numbering system and the range specifications
used in EDT.
Chapter 5 describes the buffers used in EDT.
Chapter 6 describes the EDT command line and the command files.
Chapter 7 describes EDT line editing commands with examples of their use.
Chapter 8 describes editor control commands with examples of their use.
Chapter 9 describes EDT character editing commands with examples of their
use.
Chapter 10 describes EDT keypad character editing commands with examples of their use.
Appendix A describes the differences in terminal displays in response to EDT.
Appendix B describes the error messages contained in EDT.
Appendix C lists the ASCII character codes in decimal.
The glossary describes the unfamiliar terms and abbreviations used in this
manual.

Associated Documents
The user should refer to the associated manual on the operating system for
information on file handling external to EDT. Users unfamiliar with
VAXNMS should read the VAX-VMS Primer (order no. AA-D030A-TE).

Conventions
The symbols used in this manual have the following meaning:

Symbol
CTRL/x or~

Meaning
The phrase CTRL/x indicates that you must
press the key labeled CTRL while you simultaneously press another key; for example, tTRL/c) or
~.

@ID

The DELETE key symbol signifies the deletion of
the character to the left of the cursor.

(ff)

The form feed symbol signifies the end of a page.

GOLD I or, ( GOLD/x)

The phrase GOLD/x indicates that you must
press the GOLD keypad key and then another
key; for example, ( GOLD/T)or (GOLD/ A).

The RETURN key symbol signifies a carriage
return.

[]

Brackets enclose optional parameters within
command statements. Parameters describe the
object of the command (that on which the command performs, for example, a file, a line, a
word).

{}

Braces enclose a list of alternatives within a command, one of which you must specify.
The OR symbol separates qualifiers for the same
operation and the alternatives contained within
braces.

The DIGITAL command language (DCL) prompt
at the left margin indicates the operating system
is at DCL level.

* The EDT command level prompt at the left margin indicates that EDT is at command level.
Abbreviations

The minimum abbreviation for a command is
given in the command description. The minimum abbreviation is shown in bold type; the remainder of the word is shown in standard type.
EDT accepts any input from the minimum abbreviation up through the complete command.
The complete command word is used in this
manual.

Color Red type indicates user input.
Ellipses show that not all of the statements in an
example or figure are shown. Ellipses may be horizontal or vertical. Also used for indefinite repetition in command formats.

Chapter 1
Introduction

This chapter contains an overall description of the EDT editor.

1.1

EDT Editor Summary
The EDT editor is an interactive, general purpose text editor. You can use
EDT for generating new files and modifying old files. The files can contain
programs or text.
Features include:
Decimal line numbers
English language based commands
Original (fixed) line numbers
Hard copy and screen display
On-line error diagnosis
Help facility
File and buffer input/output handling
Keypad editing
Line editing
Macro capability
On-line help facility
Journaling (a record of edit operations)

1-1

1.2 EDT Commands
EDT provides commands for all usual editing operations. EDT commands are
divided into four groups:
EDT control commands
Line editing commands
Nokeypad character editing commands
Keypad character editing commands
There are two modes of operation: command mode and change mode. You
enter EDT control commands and line editing commands from command
mode. You enter character editing commands from change mode.

1.2.1 EDT Control Commands
EDT control commands control the operation of EDT. The control commands
are:
CHANGE

Places EDT in either keypad or nokeypad character editing. See
Chapters 9 and 10.

EXIT

Leaves EDT, saving the edited input as a file.

HELP

Displays .help information.

QUIT

Leaves EDT without saving the input as a file.

SET

Sets editor operating parameters.

SHOW

Shows status of selected parameters.

1.2.2 Line Editing Commands
The line editing commands are those commands (other than the control commands and the HELP command) which you enter from EDT command mode,
that is, after the asterisk (*) prompt.
The line editing commands are:

1-2

COPY

Copies a selected number of lines from one location
in an EDT buffer to another.

DEFINE MACRO

Names a sequence of commands which are then performed when the macro name is entered as a command.

DELETE

Deletes selected line(s).

FIND

Finds a selected line.

INCLUDE

Copies external files to a specified text buffer.

Introduction

INSERT

Opens a text buffer for the insertion of text.

MOVE

Moves a selected number of lines from one location
in an EDT buffer to another.

Null

Signifies an implied TYPE command.

Generates a printable file from a range of lines.

REPLACE

Deletes and inserts selected lines in a text buffer.

RESEQUENCE

Renumbers lines in a text buffer.

SUBSTITUTE

Replaces one string of characters with another
string of characters.

SUBSTITUTE NEXT

Replaces the next occurrence of one string of characters with another string of characters.

TYPE

Displays selected lines.

WRITE

Copies selected text in an EDT buffer to a file.

You can modify the action of some of these commands with command qualifiers and range specifications.

1.2.3 Character Editing
To use either the keypad or the nokeypad character editing commands, enter
the CHANGE command. For VT52 and VTlOO terminals, EDT defaults to
the keypad character editing commands. For other terminals, EDT defaults to
the nokeypad character editing commands. To use the nokeypad commands
on the VT52 or VTlOO, use the SET NOKEYPAD command.

1.2.4 Nokeypad Character Editing
The nokeypad character editing commands are entered through the keyboard;
you also use the keyboard to enter text. You end the command entries with a
~, which tells EDT to execute the commands.

1.2.5 Keypad Character Editing
The keypad character editing commands are entered through the keypad
keys; you use the keyboard to insert text. You can change the command
assignment for the keypad keys with the DEFINE KEY command.

1.3 Text Buffers
You store and change text in areas called text buffers. Text buffers are organized into lines containing 0 to 255 characters. There is no explicit limit on the
number of text buffers that you can use during an editing session.

Introduction

1-3

1.4 Line Numbers
EDT assigns each line in a text buffer a unique line number when that line is
input to the buffer. When you add a line that is not at the end of the buffer,
EDT assigns the line a number between the number of the line preceding and
the line following. When there are no unassigned whole numbers between the
preceding and succeeding line, the current line is given a decimal number (for
example, a line inserted between lines 3 and 4 is given the number 3.1).
Fixed line numbers are a fixed part of the file containing them. When you
copy a file which has fixed line numbers, EDT maintains a record of them in a
second field. The numbers in this field, which is not displayed, can be used as
range specifications. You can also use EDT to write fix.ed line numbers to a
file (see EXIT and WRITE commands).

1.5 Startup Command Files
A startup command file is a file containing EDT commands that are executed
when you start EDT. You can define macros and keys and set editor operating
parameters with startup command files. You can do this using the
EDTINI.EDT file or the command file qualifier. If you do not use the command file qualifier, EDT searches your directory for the file EDTINI.EDT.
EDT executes the commands in the command file before prompting you for
input. When there is neither a command file nor the EDTINI.EDT file, EDT
begins an editing session with the default values.

1.6 Journal File
EDT maintains a journal file containing all of your inputs to EDT for each
editing session. EDT saves this file if there is a system failure. Therefore, the
journal file provides protection against system failures during the edit session.
You can direct EDT to execute the contents of the journal file at the beginning of another editing session. EDT deletes the journal file when you make a
normal exit from the editing session unless you specify that it be saved. You
can also edit the journal file.

1. 7 HELP Facility
EDT has a help facility. Use the HELP command to display information
about EDT commands on your terminal. A HELP key is available in
nokeypad character editing. The help facility provides on-line documentation
of EDT.

1-4

Introduction

Chapter 2
EDT Tasks

This chapter contains examples of sample tasks using EDT commands. The
examples are in order of increasing complexity. The introduction to each
example lists the EDT commands used in the task. See Chapters 7, 8, 9, and
10 for descriptions and examples of the individual commands.
The illustrations for the examples show the interaction between you and the
operating system. Red shows your input.

2.1

General
EDT is an easy-to-use text editor. The more you use EDT, the more confidence you will have in it and your ability to use it. Remember that EDT
protects your work.

2.1.1

Operating System

EDT is a program included with your operating system. The operating system
is the software package that controls the operation of the computer. This
includes enabling you to communicate with the computer through your terminal. The operating system, including EDT, has a defined set of symbols to
describe its status. Learn these symbols and the proper responses to them.
The examples in this chapter use the VAXNMS operating system symbols.

2.1.2 System Command Level Prompt
The command level prompt for the VAXNMS operating system is a dollar
sign ($). This is present when you have access to the DIGITAL command
language (DCL). You access EDT from the DCL level with the command line
(see Chapter 6).

2.1.3 EDT Command Level
The EDT command level prompt is an asterisk (*). This is present when you
can enter EDT command level commands. The* is not present when you are
in insert or change mode.

2-1

2.1.4 Your Terminal Position Marker
Your terminal has a position marker or cursor.

!if!

VTlOO
VT52

(On VTlOOs, you can set the cursor to be either an underline or a blinking
rectangle.) The cursor indicates your position for the entry of text and commands from the terminal. The cursor is present when your display terminal is
working. The cursor presentation for other terminals is given in Appendix A.

2.2 Starting EDT
To use EDT, you must first have access to system command level. You have
this access when you log in to your operating system.

2.2.1 The Login Procedure
To log in, you must have a working terminal and a user name and password
that the operating system recognizes. This is your key to the operating system.
Example:

Username: GUNDERS rBrn
Pass1...iord:
IBflJ
Welcome to VAX/VMS Version n
A messase of the day follows the welcome.

~~--------~---------J
When you see the cursor on the display, enter a ~. If the terminal is not
logged in, the response to your~ input is 'Username:'. Enter your account
name and a ~.Respond to the 'Password:' prompt with your account password and a~. Your password is not displayed. When your entries are recognized, the operating system responds with a $ prompt. The $ is the DCL
command prompt, after which you can enter any system command.
·

User n artl e: GUNDDRS rBrn
Password:
(@)
@Losin - user validation error

____________________J

If you make a mistake in your login sequence, you receive an error message.

2-2

EDT Tasks

The message indicates that the system does not recognize the username/password combination you used to log in.

2.2.2 The Command Line
When the $ is present, you can enter any of the DCL commands. The DCL
command for EDT is EDIT/EDT (see Chapter 6 for details on the command
line). Determine the form of the command line you want to use. If you do not
enter the input file specification, the operating system prompts you for a file
name.
Examples:

(

$ EDIT/EDT(fl(f)
$_File: TRIAL(fl(f)
InPut file does not exist
CEOB J

'= ::::

\ - *n

-------------------------------

In this example, you enter the command line without defining an input file.
The operating system prompts you for an input file name. You c;an name a
new file or enter the name of an existing file. After the* prompt, you can enter
any EDT command level command.

(

EDIT/EDT NE}-{T(fl(f)
InPut file does not exist
CEOBJ

~~-::::::::

___________________J

In this example you enter the input file in the command line. In the first two
examples, an input file with the name you specify does not exist. EDT displays an information message ('Input file not found'), an end of buffer symbol
([EOB]), and an EDT command prompt. (If you think your input file exists,
check your file name against the directory.) The [EOB] indicates that EDT is
at the end of the text in the current text buffer. The EDT command prompt
indicates that you are at EDT command level; you can enter EDT commands.

EDIT/EDT TYPEA /OUTPUT=TYPEBIBD)
1
This contains text.

EDT Tasks

2-3

In this example, you define an existing input file and a name for the output
resulting from this editing session. EDT displays the first line of the input file
and the EDT command prompt.
Remember that to gain access to EDT, you must have access to the operating
system. This requires that you:
1. Log in to the operating system

2. Enter the DCL command for EDT

2.3 Line Editing Commands: Creating New Files
Once you enter EDT command level, you can start entering text into a text
buffer; EDT always opens the text buffer MAIN. Assume, unless stated otherwise, that all references to a text buffer refer to the text buffer MAIN. When
you exit an editing session, EDT moves the contents of the text buffer MAIN
to a file. You control the name of the file through the command line you used
to begin the editing session.
The simplest form of file generation is the insertion of new text. When you are
at EDT command level, enter the INSERT command; this opens the text
buffer for the insertion of text. Insert the desired text, ending each line with
IB"ill. When you wish to exit insert mode, enter ©TRL/z). End the editing session
with an EXIT.
The following example is the simplest form of file creation using EDT. The
EDT commands used are:
•INSERT
•EXIT
Example:

(

EDIT/EDT TEST(BITJ
InPut file does not exist

[EQBJ

*I NSERT(Bff)
The text buffer is oPen for insertins text.(BITJ
This is line t1...io.(BITJ
This is line three.(BITJ

*E >'1 T (BIT)

liFKiZJ

DB1:[GUNDERSJTEST.;1 3 lines

$}{

:;::::::

~-----------------------J

In this example, your command line defines the input file TEST, which does
not exist. Enter INSERT after the EDT command prompt. EDT opens the
text buffer and enters insert mode. Enter the text on a line by line basis. The

2-4

EDT Tasks

text you enter is automatically indented because the first 16 spaces of each
line are reserved. for line numbers. The line numbers appear when EDT displays the line in response to other line editing commands. ·
As you enter a line, you can delete characters by pressing ~. You end each
line with~. However, when you end a line, you can no longer delete characters from that line in insert mode. You can delete a portion of a line, from the
cursor to the left margin, by entering (CTRL/u) • To exit insert mode, enter (CTRL/z);
this returns you to EDT command level.
To end the editing session, enter the EXIT command. EDT then moves t.he
contents of the text buffer to a file and names the file TEST. When the
transfer is complete, EDT displays a message stating the location and size of
the file. This is followed by the DCL prompt.
If you now enter TEST as the input file on your command line, EDT transfers
a copy of the file TEST into the text buffer.

2.4 EDT's Protection of Your Input
It is important that you feel confident that EDT protects your work. One
feature of EDT is the journal file, which is a record of your input to the
terminal (text and commands). EDT adds to the journal file incrementally
rather than continuously. When you end an edit session with other than the
EXIT or QUIT command (without the SAVE qualifier) EDT automatically
saves the journal file. You can restore your files to the condition that existed
when the edit session ended by using the RECOVER qualifier in the command line.
Example:

(

$ ED IT I EDT(BTI)
$_File: TESTER(BTI)
InPut file does not exist
CEOBJ

*INSERT(BTI)
This
This
This
This

is
is
is
is

line
line
line
line

one.(BTI)
t 1,.1 0 • (8TI)
three.(BTI)
four.(BTI)

(CTRL/Y.l

$ DI RECTORY(BTI)
TESTER.Jou;1
Total of 1 file.
${)

"--~---------------------J
You enter the INSERT command and EDT opens the text buffer for the
insertion of data. You end each line of data with~. Assume that you make a
mistake and enter lQIB® instead of (CTRL/z). EDT responds to @j]lli) in much the
same way it does to a system failure; the editing session is ended and the
EDT Tasks

2-5

journal file is saved. You can reenter EDT at the point where you entered
tTRL/Y) by entering CONTINUE (DCL command). Any DCL command that
requires the execution of an image breaks that link to EDT. Assume you react
to the$ prompt with a DIRECTORY command before you think through the
options; DCL responds by displaying the files in your directory (the TESTER
journal file). Your link to EDT is now broken and you cannot use
CONTINUE.

(

$ ED IT I ED T 00)
$_Fi 1 e: TESTER I RECOIJEROO'.)

InPut file does not exist
INSERT

This is line one.
This is line two.
This is line three.

\.__

CEOBJ

To use the journal file, enter the same command line as before but add the
RECOVER qualifier. EDT reads the journal file as if it were !nput to the
terminal and displays the results. Note that the fourth line of your input is not
recovered. EDT transfers your input to the terminal to the journal file at set
intervals and the portion of your input between transfers can be lost.
You can continue your edit session. The journal file retains the input from the
previous editing session with the input from this session added at the end. In
this way you can have successive recoveries with one journal file until you exit
with the EXIT or QUIT command.

2.5 More Line Editing: New Flies
Editing sessions are usually more complex than the previous ones. The next
example shows how to use more of the line editing commands. The commands
used are:
•Null
•REPLACE
•TYPE
•DELETE
•EXIT

2-6

EDT Tasks

Example:

~EDIT/EDT

ChillY.Dat

InPut file does not exist
CEOBJ
*INSERT
The to1,.1n of Chill>'t Me. is located 40ID
r1liles north of Bansor.ID
ID
ChillY's r11ain industr>' is tourisr11 andID
i t n o 1,.1 c o n t a i n s n o h e a v >' o r 1 i. s h t ID
industries. There is a sufficientID
labor base for a srTlall liSht industn• •ID
but 1t11.1ch of the labor force is uns~\illed+ID
ID
The a1Jerase Yearl>· ter11Perature is GBID
desrees F; r11ean annual sno1,.1fall is(!ID)
172 inches.ID

_____________________)
~

In this example, you enter text into the text buffer with the INSERT command. When the initial entry is complete, you enter ©TRL/z) to exit insert mode.
In reviewing the material, you decide to add a statement after the second line.

(

*TYPE 2ID
2

Miles north of Bansor.

3
*REPLACE 3ID
1 line deleted
Major access is b>' route 70/81 •ID
1,.ihich is frec11.1entl>' sno1,.1bound+ID
ID
\

K:TRL/Z)

~~-------------------There are several ways to find a location (line) in the text buffer. One method
is to make a best guess on the line number and then search from that point.
To locate the position for adding the line, enter TYPE 2 and ~; EDT displays line 2 and an EDT command prompt. Enter ~; EDT automatically
displays the next line in the text buffer, the blank line 3. This is the implied
TYPE command; in the absence of any command preceding the ~' EDT
displays the next line in the text buffer.
You can insert the statement in place of line 3 by using the REPLACE
command. Enter REPLACE 3; EDT deletes line 3, displays a message telling
how many lines were deleted, and enters insert mode. After you enter the

EDT Tasks

2-7

statement and a blank line to replace the deleted line, you exit insert mode
with tTRL/Z).
In a second review, you decide to add a recommendation to the report.

(
*INSERT END
([@

Because of its inaccessibility and its(ijfl)
lacK of a sKilled labor force, '"'e do not(ijfl)
recorr11r1end ChillYt Me. as a Plant site.(ijfl)
~

~----------~----------J
To add the recommendation to the end of the buffer, enter the INSERT END
command; EDT opens the text buffer for the insertion of text at the end of the
current text. Enter (8fil) to make the first line of this insert blank. Enter the
statement, (8fil), and (CTRL/Z).

*TYPE

WHOLE~

2
2. 1

2.2
2.3

a
5
G

7
8
9

10
11

The town of ChillYt Me. is located 40
miles north of Bansor.
MaJor access is bY route 70/81 t
which is frequently snowbound.
ChillY's main industry is tourism and
it now contains no heavy or liSht
industries. There is a sufficient
labor base for a small lisht industrYt
but much of the labor force is unsKilled.
The averase YearlY temPerature is 88
desrees F; mean annual snowfall is
172 inches.

1a
15
16

Because of its inaccessibility and its
lacK of a sKilled labor baset we do not
recommend ChillYt Me •. as a Plant site.

CEOBJ
*E>(IT(ijfl)
DBB1:CGUNDERSJCHILLY.DAT;1 18
$@}

lin~s

---------------------------~
To review the contents of the text buffer, enter the TYPE WHOLE command.
EDT displays each line of the text buffer, in sequence, beginning with the first
line. You can interrupt the scrolling action of the TYPE WHOLE command

2-8

EDT Tasks

with (CTRL/sl. To restart the display of the text buffer, enter a~. Notice that
the lines you inserted between lines 2 and 3 are numbered with decimal
numbers.
When you enter the EXIT command, EDT moves the contents of the text
buffer to a file. When the move is complete, EDT displays a message with the
complete name of the file and the number of lines in the file.

2.5.1

More Line Editing: Revising Files

You deal with existing files in much the same way you deal with new files.
When the input file in your command line is an existing file, EDT loads the
input file into the text buffer before prompting you for input. You can modify
and add to the file.
For the next example, assume that you want to add to the CHILLY.DAT file.
The EDT commands used include:
•INSERT
•DELETE
•TYPE
•REPLACE
• SUBSTITUTE
• RESEQUENCE
Example:

(
EDIT/EDT CHILLY+DATIBrn
1
The town of ChillYt Me. is located 40
*TYPE 4IBm
a
which is frequently snowbound.
*INSERT 5IBrn
The nearest airPort is in Bansor tIBm
althoush a seaPlane lands once a 1..,1ee~~IBm
on nearb>' La~{e mUchib1..,1a.IBrn

~~--------~----------J
When EDT completes copying the file CHILLY.DAT into the text buffer, it
displays the first line of the file and an EDT command prompt. In the first
sequence, you use the TYPE command to locate where you are going to enter
new text. The INSERT command opens the text buffer just before line 5 for
the insertion of text. Enter ~ to exit insert mode.

EDT Tasks

2-9

(

*TYPE 2Cfirrl
2

Miles north of Bansor.

*IB@
3
MaJor access is bY route 70/81,
*SUBSTITUTE !70/81!193!~
3
MaJor access is bY route 193t
1 Substitution
*Cfirrl
a
which is fre~uentlY snowbound.
*TYPE 12IBrrl
12
The avera6e Yearly teMPerature is 88
*DELETE 12~
1 line deleted
13
desrees F; Mean annual snowfall is
*DELETE~

1 line deleted
1a
*DELETECfirrl
1 line deleted

172 inches.

*INSERT ENDIB@
IBrrl
Fa c t o r s c on s i d e r e d i'n c 1 u d e a c c e s s , ~
Present industrYt and labor force.~
~

.J
Use the SUBSTITUTE command to replace the highway number. The
SUBSTITUTE command uses a search string and a substitute string. The
substitute string replaces the search string. The strings are are separated by
and enclosed by delimiters. A delimiter is a character that limits a string and
therefore cannot be contained in the string.
To use the SUBSTITUTE command, you must place EDT at the line con ..
taining the string you want to substitute. To do this, move to the line prior to
entering the SUBSTITUTE command or enter the line in the range specification. (Range specifications define line numbers for use with EDT commands.)
The default range specification is the current line. Because the string you
want to replace contains a slash, you cannot use that character as a delimiter.
You can use any other special character. When EDT completes the substitution, it displays a message on the number of substitutions made and displays
the corrected line. Use the implied TYPE command to see the next line,
line 4.
You then decide to delete the lines about temperature and snowfall. You use
the TYPE command to display the lines, and the DELETE command to
delete the lines. EDT deletes the line, tells you how many lines were deleted,
and displays the next line.
You decide to insert a final statement. Type INSERT END and insert the
general statement, ending the insert with ~.

2-10

EDT Tasks

(

*RESEQUENCEffi)
21 lines resequenced
*TYPE WHOLEffi)
1
The town of ChillYt Me. is located

21
Present industrYt and labor force.
[EOBJ
*E)< ITffi)
D551:[GUNDERSJCHILLY.DAT;2 21 lines

To change the decimal line numbers, enter the RESEQUENCE command.
EDT renumbers the lines from 1 through 21. Enter a TYPE WHOLE command to review the contents of the text buffer and then use the EXIT command to end this editing session.
When EDT has moved the contents of the text buffer to a file, it displays a
message with the complete name of the file and the number of lines in the file.
Because this is the second time you have worked with this file, its version
number is now 2.
To practice creating and revising files, make two new files similar in contents
to CHILLY.DAT. You will use these files in the next example. Name the files
TEPID.DAT and WARM.DAT.

2.5.2 And More Line Editing: Multiple Flies
You can use several files as inputs to one editing session and generate several
files during one editing session. The next example uses the following
commands:
•INCLUDE
•PRINT
•WRITE
•SHOW
•MOVE
•COPY
• RESEQUENCE
•DELETE
•INSERT

EDT Tasks

2-11

Example:

(
EDIT/EDT SITES.DAT
InPut file does not exist

[ EOB J

*INSERT LAm
STATISTICS ON POTENTIAL PLANT SITES~@
lBITJ
lBITJ
This report is a su1n1r1an· of the infor1r1ationl@1J
about the 3 to1,.,1ns proposed as Plant sites:lBIT)
~

Chilbt Me.lBIT)
(BIT)

Warrrlt

Ariz.~

TePidt Mo.lBIT)
lBITJ
(CTRL/Z)

~~----------------------~
In this example you generate a report. The report consists of new text that ties
together information contained in other files. The material you inserted above
introduces the text that exists in other files. Use the INCLUDE command to
bring a copy of those files into this editing session.

(
*INCLUDE CHILLY.DAT =CHILLY~
*INCLUDE WARM.DAT =WARM(BTI)
*INCLUDE TEPID.DAT =TEPIDCBITJ
*SHOW BUFFERlBIT)
MAIN
12
lines
PASTE
0
lines
CHILLY
21
lines
=TEPID
18
lines
WARM
28
lines
*((

~----------------------~
Here you use the INCLUDE command to copy the external files into separate
text buffers. The SHOW BUFFER command displays the names of the text
buffers defined for this editing session. The = indicates the current text
buffer.

2-12

EDT Tasks

(
*=CHILLYffiIT)
1

The to1,..1n of

Chill~·t

Me.

21
Present industrYt and
*COPY 20 t 21 to =MAIN ENDffi@
2 lines copied

is located llO

labor force.

*\t

~~-----------------------J
You can use a form of the TYPE command to move EDT from the text buffer
TEPID to the text buffer CHILLY; enter =CHILLY. EDT displays the contents of the text buffer CHILLY with line numbers. The cursor is left at line 1.
To copy the general statement at the end of the text buffer CHILLY to the
end of the text buffer MAIN, use the COPY command. The COPY command
inserts a copy of lines 20 and 21 at the end of the buffer MAIN. EDT positions
the cursor just after the moved text.

(
*MOl,JE =CHILLY TO ENDffi@
21 lines 11101Jed
*MOl.JE =WARM TO ENDffi@
28 1 in es 11101Jed
*MOl.JE =TEPID TO END(BTI)
18 .1 in es 11101.ied
*RESEQUENCE(BIT)
85 lines resequenced
*PRINT SITES.SUM(BIT)
*E>( I Tffi@
DBB1:CGUNDERSJ SITES.DAT;1 77 lines
${t

~~--------------------J
Use the MOVE command to move the contents of the text buffers to the end
of the text buffer MAIN. MAIN now includes the title of the report, the
introductory material of the report, the text from CHILLY.DAT,
WARM.DAT, and TEPID.DAT, and the concluding lines copied from line 20
and 21 in CHILLY.DAT. The RESEQUENCE command renumbers the lines
in MAIN from 1 to n. The PRINT command copies the contents of MAIN to
the file space. The file is in a printable format and is assigned the name
SITES.SUM. The EXIT command copies the contents of the text buffer
MAIN into the file; this file is named SITES.DAT.

EDT Tasks

2-13

2.6 Using Character Editing: Nokeypad Editing
In character editing, EDT lets you modify text at the character level. To enter
nokeypad character editing, you use the SET NOKEYPAD command for
VT52 and VTlOO terminals and then enter the CHANGE command.
Nokeypad is the default mode for all other terminals; you enter the CHANGE
command after the * prompt without using the SET command. The nokeypad
commands are described in detail in Chapter 9.
In nokeypad character editing, the screen displays up to 22 lines of text; line
numbers are not shown. EDT displays nokeypad character editing commands
at the bottom of the screen. When you enter a command, the cursor moves to
the command entry position. After EDT executes the command, it returns the
cursor to the displayed text.
You can move the cursor to any position in the display with cursor movement
commands. The format for a cursor movement command is a count of entities
ending with IB'filJ (an entity is a quanfity of characters), such as 3L for
"3 lines." You can modify the contents of the text buffer with additional
nokeypad character editing commands. Your display represents the current
contents of the displayed range within the buffer.
The example shows how to:
• Enter nokeypad change mode
• Move the cursor
• Insert text
• Delete and insert text
• Substitute text
• Cut and paste text
• Exit nokeypad change mode
Example:

(

EDIT/EDT CHILLY.DATIB[I)
1

The town of ChillYt Me. is located aO

*SET NOKEYPADIB[I)
*CHANGE~

T\h e t o 1,.1 n o f Ch i 11 Y t Me • i s 1 o c a t e d a0
;iles north of Bansor.
MaJor access is by route 193t
which is frequently snowbound.

"---

2-14

EDT Tasks

[ EDB J

You use the SET NOKEYPAD command to set EDT to nokeypad character
editing when the CHANGE command is entered. When you enter the
CHANGE command, the screen clears and then displays the contents of the
text buffer. The cursor is at the beginning of the text buffer.

(

The to1,.1n of Chill>•, Me. is located llO
Miles north of Bansor.
MaJor access is bY route 193,
which is frequently snowbound.

CEOBJ

~~3-q]_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The to1,.1n of ChillYt Me. is located llO
Miles north of Bansor.
MaJor access is bY route 193,
lhich is frequently snowbound.

CEOBJ
3L~

~~---------------------J
You decide to move the cursor down 3 lines and enter the 3L command. The
cursor moves to the command entry position. When you press~' it moves to
the first character in the fourth line.
You then decide to shorten the file in order to work with it. Move the cursor to
the beginning of the eighth line. You can either use the command 4L or press
the down arrow function key four times. Delete all the following lines with the
command D14L. The cursor is at the end of the buffer.

(
on nearby Lake Okichibwa.
:tEOBJ

. .4L~

DlllL~

_)
EDT Tasks

2-15

"Lake Okichibwa" should be spelled "Okechibwa." Use the command sequence:
-1L~

17C~

This moves the cursor back (up) one line and to the right 17 characters. The
minus sign is necessary in the first command to set the direction for the cursor
movement. The cursor is now on the letter "i":
on nearby Lake Dklchibwa.
[EQB J

To delete the incorrect letter and insert the letter "e," use the command
sequence:
D1C~

I e(Qffil.KJ ~

EDT inserts the letter "e" in the correct place:
on nearby Lake Oke@hibwa.

The name of the lake is actually "Okechibwa Lake." Move the cursor to the
beginning of the word "Lake" with the command -SC. (Remember that the
minus sign indicates movement to the left.)
on nearby lake Okechibwa.

Delete the whole word with the command DlW. The word "Lake" disappears
from the screen and is stored in a buffer. Move the cursor forward (right) 9
spaces with the command 9C:

(
on nearby Okechibwa@
[EOBJ
9CIBIT)

~~---------------------~
2-16

EDT Tasks

Now you can reinsert the word "Lake" with the undelete word command:

(
on nearby OKechibwa@aKe •
CEO BJ
\

UNDWffi)

~---------------------To enter a space between the two words, enter the command:

Move the cursor to the space before the period and enter the delete character
command. The line now stands corrected:

(
on nearby OKechibwa LaKeIB
CEOBJ

_____________________J

\..__

D I Cll!J)

If you decide to change the word "frequently" to "often" in the fourth line,

you can use the SUBSTITUTE command:
s/f rec:iuentlY/often/ffi}

However, when you try this, you get an error message:

The town of ChillYt Me. is located 40
Miles north of Banfor.
MaJor access is bY route 183t
which is frec:iuentlY snowbound.
The nearest airPort is in Banfort
althoufh a seaPlane lands once a weeK
on nearby OKechibwa LaKel
CEO BJ
\..__

Strin• 1111as not found

----------------------EDT Tasks

2-17

To understand why this happened, look at the cursor position in the text area.
The SUBSTITUTE command began a forward search when the cursor was
near the end of the text and immediately reached the end of the buffer. Use
the BACK command to reverse the search direction. The cursor is now at the
beginning of the search string:
which is lrequentlY snowbound.

Try the SUBSTITUTE command again.
This results in:
which is often@snowbound.

EDT will continue reverse searching unless you negate the BACK command
with ADV (ADVANCE). All searches will now be forward.
You now decide to perform one last edit on this text. You want to move the
second sentence to the end of the buffer. Move the cursor to the beginning of
the second sentence:

(

iliaJor access is bY route 193,
which is often snowbound.

~~-----~~-~-----------~
Use the CUT command (CUT 2L) to cut the sentence and move it to an
auxiliary buffer called the paste buffer:
CUT2LQ!®

Your text now reads:

(The

to1,,in of Chilly, Me. is located 40
Miles north of Bansor.
lhe nearest airPort is in Bansor,
althoush a seaplane lands once a 1,.1eeK

~---or_1_1-1e_a_r_b_Y__D_K_e_c_h_i_b_w_a_L_a_t_te_·--~---------------------------~

2-18

EDT Tasks

To reinsert the cut sentence at the end of the text, move the cursor to the end
of the buffer and use the PASTE command:

Th e t o . ._, n o f Ch i 11 }' t Me • i. s 1 o c at e d aO
Miles north of 6ansor.
The nearest airport is in 6ansort
althoush a seaPlane lands once a week
on nearby OKechibwa Lake.
MaJor access is by route 193t
which is often snowbound •
.\t'.E06]

PASTE~

~----------------------To go back to the EDT command level, enter EX (Bfil').
These examples show a small portion of the nokeypad character editing commands. It is recommended that you experiment with nokeypad character
editing, using the examples in Chapter 9.

2.7 Using Character Editing: Keypad Editing
The keypad is the set of keys at the right of the keyboard. You can edit with
the keypad if you have a VT52 or VTlOO terminal. There are diagrams of the
VT52 and VTlOO keypads in Chapter 10.
The function keys used in the examples are enclosed by broken lines; for
example:
r----~

GOLD

''------'
2.7.1

How to Start Keypad Editing

Start EDT and create the text file COLD.DAT:

(

$EDIT/EDT COLD.DAT~
InPut file does not exist
[E08]

l~_*w

___________________~

Type the CHANGE command after the line editing prompt t.o start a keypad
editing session:

* CHANGE(flfl)

EDT Tasks

2-19

The screen clears and the cursor appears at the upper left of the screen. On
the line below the cursor is the [EOBJ symbol. Whatever you type at this point
appears on the screen before the cursor. The [EOB] symbol always appears
after the last character in the text buffer.

2. 7 .2 How to Get Help
You can get two kinds of help during keypad editing. First, you can use the
HELP function to get a diagram of the default keypad functions. Press the
HELP key for this diagram. (Requesting help this way does not affect your
editing session.)
Second, once you have the diagram, you can press any keypad key to see a
description of what the key does. If you press the key numbered 5 on the
VTlOO keypad, for example, a description of the BACKUP and TOP functions
appears on the screen. (BACKUP and TOP are the functions associated with
key 5.) At the bottom of each description are directions for seeing the keypad
diagram again, reading about other functions, or getting out of help and
returning to your editing session.

2. 7 .3 Keypad Functions
In keypad character editing the keypad keys have assigned functions which
are performed when you press the key. The function is one or more of the
nokeypad character editing commands. Most of the keypad keys have a
standard and an alternate function. You access the standard function by
pressing the key. The GOLD key causes EDT to perform the alternate function on any keypad key; you press and release the GOLD key and then press
the desired keypad key. In text, a statement such as "Use the TOP function
key" assumes that you use the GOLD key and then the TOP function key.
The functions for the keypad keys are shown in Figures 10-1 and 10-2.

2. 7 .4 Inserting Text
You can insert text as soon as you start keypad editing. Whatever you type on
the keyboard is inserted directly into the buffer. The following paragraph
appears on your screen as you type it.

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.(Bfil)
The averase ann•Jal sno1,,1fall is 175 inches.ffirn
Cold has a very active sKi resort and severalm
suPPortins businesses: a sKi shoP1 t•,.io(Bfil)
restaurantsr and three stores.(BTI)
\

[EOBJ

__)

~-------------------------

The cursor appears after the last character you enter.

2-20

EDT Tasks

2. 7 .5 Moving the Cursor
You can use the TOP function to move the cursor to the top of the text:

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a verY active sKi resort and several
suPPortins businesses: a sKi shoPt two
restaurants, and three stores.

[EOBJ

~----------------------r----~

i GOLD ;
"'·-----'

(8,c\c-;(LiP-i
I
\..

_____
TOP

.)I

$he town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
fhe averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active sKi resort and several
suPPortinS businesses: a sKi shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

"-----[-E-05-J--------------~~------------------.J
You can also move the cursor to the bottom of the buffer with the BOTTOM
function:

lhe town of Coldt Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a verY active sKi resort and several
suPPortins businesses: a sKi shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

[EOBJ

~------------------------r----,
~

GOLD

r----:'\

I + 1ADVANCE1
1
I\.!BOTTOM
___

\..-----'

~_)

EDT Tasks

2-21

(

The town of Coldt Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active ski resort and several
suPPortinS businesses: a ski shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

"---:t-jE-OB-J---------------------------------------_J
The arrow keys on the keyboard let you move the cursor in each of four
directions:
r-~

'----'

suPPortins businesses: a ski shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

:~!-EO_B_J______________~-------------------.J

\.____

r-"'\
I

(3 times)

'---'

(

!uPPortins businesses: a ski shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

\..._ [EOBJ

---------------------------~

DOWN

(

IUPPortinS businesses: a ski shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

________________________)

\..._ [EOBJ

2-22

EDT Tasks

r-""

I
I

'----'

SUPPortins businesses: a ski shoPt two
lestaurantst and three stores.

"'-----(E_O_B__
J
__________________________________ ;
r--~

I ~ I
I
\.,.
..)I

RIGHT

SUPPortinl businesses: a ski shoPt two
lestaurantst and three stores.

;::::::

rrnBi

)

~~----------~------r--,

I~
I
I __ J I
\.

(4 times)

SUPPortins businesses: a ski shoPt two
restlurants,
and three stores.
:::·:·:

"'-----(E_O_B_J-----------------------------------------_)
LEFT

SUPPortins busjnesses: a ski shop, two
restlurants,
and three stores.
;:;:;::

[EOBJ

~~---------------------EDT Tasks

2-23

r-""'
I
I

___,

(2 times)

suPPortins businesses: a ski shop, two
restaurants, and three stores.

[EOBJ

__)

~--------~------------Some keys let you move text by character, word, and line entities. For example, the WORD function key moves the cursor to the next word:

(

SUPPortinS businesses: a s ~\i shop, t1. .10
reWtaurants, and three stores.

[EQBJ

r----""1

1 WORD

t~NGCA~§

(

SUPPOrtinS businesses: a s ~\i shop, t1. .10
restaurants, ij'n d three stores.

[EOBJ

2. 7 .6 Marking Text with Select Ranges
This section shows how to use the SELECT, CUT, and PASTE functions.
When you use the SELECT function, you mark some text for one of several
keypad operations. The diagrams in this section show VTlOO select ranges,
since the reverse video feature makes select ranges obvious. The VT52 also has
the select range function, but it does not have reverse video.
The following series of frames shows what happens when you mark a select
range and delete the selected text with the CUT function. The text is then
reinserted with the PASTE function.

2-24

EDT Tasks

1. Move the cursor to the start of the text that you want to cut. Press the

SELECT function key, and then press the WORD function key three
times:

SUPPortins businesses: a ski shoPt two
lestaurantst
and three stores.
::::::
\

[EOBJ

__)

~-----------------------r----"
r----~

1 SELECT I
I RESET
\.....
____ .)I

WORD

c:. ____ :;J

1CHNGCASEI

(3 times)

suPPortins businesses: a ski shop, two
:::@1:::M~J~!~(f:!:ij:#¥!~WJf~fM~1trn::H.@::~:::~:t::: s t o r e s •
\

[EOBJ

__)

~~---------------------If you make a mistake with the SELECT function key, press

GOLD and the RESET function key, and then try again.
2. Press the CUT function key to delete the text:

suPPortins businesses: a ski shop, two
:::r::~::~::).;:1:~4,:;~:::i:~t~::i::~a::::::::~~Mi::~tMmrn::~fiFl s t o r e s •
[ EDB J

~~--------~------------_)
,----""'\
I
I

CUT
PASTE

I
I

'-----.J

suPPortins businesses: a ski shoPt two
:!:tores.
\

[EOBJ

~-----------------------EDT Tasks

2-25

The text that you delete with the CUT function is stored in the
paste buffer until the next CUT operation.
3. You can reinsert the deleted text with the PASTE function one or more
times. To reinsert the text at the original location press the PASTE function key. Move the cursor to a second location and press the PASTE
function key. The contents of the paste buffer is inserted at both locations.

(

suPPortins businesses: a sKi shoP1 two
j:\t ores.
[EOBJ

'---------------------------~
r----,
r----~

1
I
1
CUT
I
I ____
GOLD J 1 + I\.... PASTE
\..
____ ..)I

(

suPPortins businesses: a sKi shoP1 two
restaurants, and three stores.

two restaurants1 and three @tores.
"'--

[EQBJ

------·--

________J

2. 7. 7 Deleting Words and Characters
You can delete words and characters several ways. For this example, press
LEFT arrow function key six times to move the cursor. Then use the
DELETE function to delete characters preceding the cursor:

To delete whole words that follow the cursor, use the DEL W function:

r----"'I

I DEL W

1
UNO W ..J1
L
____

:j~t ores.

You can reinsert the last word you deleted with UND W:
\j\tores.

2-26

EDT Tasks

r----'""
DEL W 1

L~~-~J

,:t!h re e stores •

2. 7 .8 Deleting Lines
There are three keypad functions (DELL, DEL EOL, and UND L) that let
you delete and undelete lines:
1. The DEL L function lets you delete a line, up to the end of the line plus
the line terminator. (In this example, move the cursor to the beginning of
the fourth line.) Press the DEL L function key. The text following the
deleted line moves next to the cursor.

The town of Coldt Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active ski resort and several
l~PPortins businesses: a ski shoPt two
restaurants, three stores.

CEOBJ

~----------------------r-----"'
I DELL 1
I UNO L I
'------)

The town of Coldt Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active ski resort and several
@estaurantst three stores.

CEOBJ

~------------------------

EDT Tasks

2-27

Undelete the line with UND L:

but~

The town of Cold• Montana is located on a
The auerase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a verY active sKi resort and several
lestaurants, three stores.
\

CEOBJ

~~---------------------r----""
I
I

r-----,
I DELL

I\... ____
GOLD .JI + I\... ____
UNO L _)I

(
\

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
The auerase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active sKi resort and several
j~PPortins businesses: a sKi shop, three
restaurants, two stores.
CEOBJ

~----------------------------

2-28

EDT Tasks

2. Delete all or part of a line with DEL EOL (DELete to End Of Line). This
deletes all of the text from the cursor to the following RETURN. The text
following the deletion remains in its former location.

(
\

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active sKi resort and several
luPPortinS businesses: a sKi shoPt two
restaurants, three stores.
CEOBJ

~---------~-----------

(

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
The averase annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a verY active sKi resort and several
~estaurants,

three stores.

[EOBJ

__)

~-----------------------

EDT Tasks

2-29

You can undelete the line with UND L:

(

The town of Coldt Montana is located on a butte.
The avera~e annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a verY active ski resort and several
restaurants, three stores.

CE OBJ

__)

~-----------------------,----,
r----,
I
I
1 DELL I
I _GOLD
\...
_ _ _ _,II

(
\

+ I\.. _UNO
L ..JI
___

The town of Cold, Montana is located on a butte.
The avera~e annual snowfall is 175 inches.
Cold has a very active ski resort and several
j~PPortin~ businesses: a ski shoPt two
restaurants, three stores.
[ EDB J

~-------------------------------)

2-30

EDT Tasks

2. 7 .9 How to Change Case
You can change the case of text by individual characters or by whole strings.
Move the cursor to the second letter of the word "Cold," and then change the
case of one character at a time:

r----,

co·~:: j

C:.'·:·:,_·,1 d

WORD I
I CHNGCASEI

I.,

X•

'------'

r-----"I COL':,','«.'·.·.·_,_'.: Ir----""'I
WORD

I CHNGCASEI
\.. _____ :J

WORD

I CHNGCASE~
\...: ____ ..,.,

COLD·>:·:

If you mark a select range, everything within the range changes case. Move
the cursor to the word "town." Press SELECT, then press the WORD function key four times; this gives you your select range. When you press the
GOLD and CHNGCASE function keys, the characters you select change case.

r-----""

r----,

•
GOLD
+ I
WORD
I
\.... ____ .)
t.9HNG_?~SE)

The TOWN OF cold, MONTANI is located on a butte.

2. 7 .10 Exiting Keypad Character Editing
There are two ways to exit keypad character editing:
1. Enter tTRL/z), which returns you to line mode editing. You can still type
CHANGE after the asterisk prompt, which returns you to KEYPAD editing. The cursor will not have moved.

2. Use the COMMAND function and type EXIT (to save your edits in a file)
or QUIT (to exit without saving your edits), followed by ENTER:

,----'""'
I

\...

____
GOLD

..)

r----""

PAGE

+ ICOMMANDI

"----- _.)
r----1
I

ENTER

Co lrlfYl and: EX IT l-~~~J

Either of these commands lets you exit EDT.
Chapter 10 gives you more information about editing with keypad functions.
It describes not only the basics presented here, but also many different ways
of using each function.

EDT Tasks

2-31

Chapter 3
Protection Provided by EDT

This chapter describes the user-visible protection provided by the editor: the
journal file, the consistency check, and error messages.

3.1 The Journal File
EDT records your input to the terminal in a journal file and saves the journal
file under any of the following conditions:
A system failure
A user abort
An EXIT command with the SAVE qualifier
A QUIT command with the SAVE qualifier
EDT saves the journal file as filename.JOU, where filename is the output file
name. When you do not specify the output file name, EDT uses the input file
name by default.
You can use the journal file to recover edit operations (your inputs to the
terminal). You repeat the command line, adding the RECOVER qualifier.
The input file is loaded into the text buffer MAIN, and the journal file is
executed by EDT as if it were input from the terminal.
You can edit the journal file, with changes or additions, by entering it as the
input file in the command line. If you exit normally when you are through
editing the journal file, the file is given a version number two above the input
file version number. The intervening number is assigned to the journal file
created during the editing of the input journal file. (See Chapter 6 for a
description of the command line.)

3-1

In the following example, you are instructed to abort the editor during a
session. This is not a normal practice and is used here only to demonstrate the
operation of EDT when it is ended abnormally.
Examples:

(

$ EDIT /EDTIB!Jl

$_File: ANGLICIZE(Bfil)
InPut file does not exist
* <Enter text usins EDT and other EDT cororoands.>

$0 I RECTORY(Bfil)
Directory _DB1:[YOUR NAMEJ
ANGLICIZE.JOU;1 n lines

Total of n files.

"-- $@

When you do not specify an input file in the command line, the operating
system prompts for a file. You must enter a file name. When no file with that
name exists, EDT responds with the 'input file not found' message. EDT is
then ready for you to insert text.
Exit the edit session with a ©TRL/Y) to simulate a system failure. You then return
to system command level; you can reenter EDT by entering a CONTINUE
command. If you enter a system command that requires system execution,
such as DIRECTORY, your link to EDT is ended. EDT saves the journal file,
and your directory has the entry ANGLICIZE.JOU;l.

(

$EDIT/EDT ANGLICIZE/RECDVERIB!il

\........ *B

Assume there is an existing file named CHAPTONE.RNO and you have
performed a series of edit operations on the file before one of the four conditions for saving the journal file occurred. You now have two files:
1. CHAPTONE.RNO - unchanged by the edit session

2. CHAPTONE.JOU - which is the text you entered at the terminal from
the time of the command line entry to the departure from the edit session
3-2

Protection Provided by EDT

When you enter the command line, EDT loads the file CHAPTONE.RNO
into the main text buffer and executes the file CHAPTONE.JOU as a command file. The result is displayed as it occurs. The last few entries during the
preceding editing session may not be in the journal file.

$EDIT/EDT CHAPTDNE,JDUQlm

"'"'\

~--*+:________~----------J

EDT loads the journal file into the main text buffer. You then edit the journal
file. You can change the journal file to make corrections to the input from a
previous editing session or to create a new output file. EDT starts a journal
file on this edit session; the name for the journal file is CHAPTONE. The
version number is one above the version number of the input file. When you
exit this editing session, the output file is CHAPTONE and its version number is one above the highest existing version number.

3.2 Consistency Check
EDT also maintains a count of all lines and characters entered into the text
buffers during an edit session.
When you exit the edit session, EDT makes a count of the contents of the text
buffers and checks it for consistency with the input. When there is a discrepancy in the consistency check, EDT displays a warning message on exit from
the session:
' Consistency check failed, Please check Your files

3.3 Error Messages
EDT contains a set of error messages to warn you when something that it
cannot accept has occurred. Error messages can be a direct result of your
input or a result of operations performed during the edit session. The error
messages point to corrective action. Appendix B contains a list of the error
messages.

Protection Provided by EDT

3-3

Chapter 4
Line Numbers and Range Specifications

This chapter describes line numbering and the range specifications used in
EDT.

4.1

Line Numbers
Line numbers are an editing tool that aid you in the manipulation of text.
EDT assigns a number to each line in a text buffer. The numbers range from
0.00001 to 42949.67295. Some of the range specifications in the commands
address these line numbers.
When you specify an input file, EDT assigns numbers to the lines which result
from loading the text buffer with that file. The line numbers are from 1 ton in
increments of 1. When n (the number of lines in the file) exceeds 42949, EDT
renumbers the contents of the text buffer using decimal numbers.
EDT also has the capability to handle fixed line numbers. Fixed line numbers
are numbers associated with records in a file; the line numbers are a part of
the file. Fixed line numbers are associated with files which have variable
length and an additional fixed-length control area. When the input file has
fixed line numbers, EDT saves those numbers; this record of line numbers is
not visible. EDT assigns the line number 0, in this record, to lines added to a
text buffer with fixed line numbers. You can assign fixed numbers to a file
through the WRITE command or the EXIT command by using the
SEQUENCE qualifier.
You can renumber the lines in a text buffer with the RESEQUENCE command. If that text buffer had fixed line numbers, you can still address lines by
their original line numbers (see "Single Line Ranges").

4-1

4.2 Range Specifications
Range specifications define the lines upon which EDT commands operate.
They specify the lines on which EDT performs the command. Ranges can be
single lines or multiple lines. In addition, the multiple line ranges can be
contiguous or noncontiguous. Ranges can be specified for text buffers other
than the current text buffer.

4.2.1 Single Line Ranges
A single line range defines a single line in a text buffer for the command to
operate on. The following ranges specify a single line in a text buffer:

4-2

. (period)

The current line. The line the cursor is on.

number[.decimal]

The line specified by the number.

'string' : "string"

The next line containing the string you specify. If you
do not define the search string (that is, you enter an
empty quoted string), EDT uses the last search string.

-'string' : -"string"

The most recent preceding line containing the string
you specify. If you do not define the search string (that
is, you enter an empty quoted string), EDT uses the
last search string.

[range] + [number]

The line which is the specified number of lines after
the specified range (where range is a single line range
and number is an integer). The default range is the
current line and the default number is one.

[range] - [number]

The line which is the specified number of lines before
the specified range (where range is a single line range
and number is an integer). The default range is the
current line and the default number is one.

BEGIN

The first line in the text buffer.

END

An empty line following the last line of text in the text
buffer.

LAST

The line position in the most recent text buffer before
entering the current text buffer.

ORIGINAL number

The line numbers assigned to the text in text buffer
MAIN from the primary input file, when the primary
input file has fixed line numbers. You can locate the
text by the original line number even after it has been
assigned a new line number.

Line Numbers and Range Specifications

Examples: In the following examples, typical commands are used to show
samples of range specifications.
*DELETE • ~
1 line deleted

EDT deletes the current line, the line where the cursor is located, and displays
the message "1 line deleted."
*TYPE 12.11~
12.11

This is a deciMallY nuMbered line.

EDT types the contents of the line.
*TYPE -'PAYROLL'(B@
129
The payroll records are file 72.a.
*''ffi)
PaYrolls are Made up weeKlY+
247

*}'

EDT displays the first line preceding the current line that contains the string
'payroll'. The next entry is an implied TYPE (empty string) command. EDT
searches forward and displays the next occurrence of the string 'payroll'.
*INSERT

++12~

EDT opens the text buffer 12 lines past the cursor location for the insertion of
text.
*'ABC' + 3IBfil)
27

This line is three lines later.

*.L
EDT searches forward for the first occurrence of the string 'ABC', counts
forward three lines, and displays the line at that position.
*FIND

*::::::

LAST~

EDT moves the cursor to the line last addressed in the text buffer that was
used before the current text buffer. The line is not displayed.
*TYPE ORIGINAL 27ffi)
247
This is the line of interest

The input file contained fixed line numbers. During the edit session you have
added text and resequenced the line numbers and you now want to change a
line of text. You know the original line number but not its present line number. You enter the TYPE command with the original range specification and
EDT displays the line of interest with its current line number.

Line Numbers and Range Specifications

4-3

4.2.2 Contiguous Line Ranges
Contiguous line ranges define sets of consecutive lines within the text buffer.
Range specifiers for contiguous sets of lines are as follows:
[range-1] : [range-2] I
[range-1] THRU [range-2]

The set of lines from range-1 through range-2.
The default for either range entry is the current
line. Range-1 and range~2 are any single line
range specification.

[range] # number I
[range] FOR number

The specified number of lines beginning with
the line specified by range (where range is any
single line range specification). The default
range is the current line.

BEFORE

All lines preceding the current line in the current buffer.

REST

All lines after and including the current line.

WHOLE

The current text buffer.

Examples: In the following examples, typical commands are used to show
samples of range specifications.
*DELETE 10 THRU 22(8fil)
13 lines deleted

EDT deletes lines 10 through 22 from the current text buffer and displays a
message indicating how many lines were deleted. The number of lines from 10
through 22 is determined by the number of lines you have inserted and deleted since the line numbers were assigned.
*DELETE BEFOREIBfil)
12 lines deleted

EDT deletes all of the lines before the cursor position in the current text
buffer and displays a message about the number of lines deleted.

4.2.3 Noncontiguous Range Specifiers
Noncontiguous range specifiers define multiple lines in a text buffer that are
not necessarily adjacent to one another. Range specifiers for noncontiguous
ranges are as follows:

4-4

[range, range, ... ] I
[range AND range AND ... ]

All lines specified by each range; each range
must be a single line.

[range] All 'string'

All lines in the range containing the specified
string. If range is not used, the default is the
entire text buffer.

Line Numbers and Range Specifications

Examples: In the following examples, typical commands are used to show
samples of range specifications.
*MOl,lE 317'10122128 TO GO(Bfil)
*(}

EDT moves the specified lines to the location just before line 60 and
renumbers them for that location.
*TYPE ALL

'occurrence'ffim

EDT displays all lines in the the current text buffer that contain the string
'occurrence'.

4.2.4 Text Buffer Range Specifications
You can specify ranges in a buffer other than the current text buffer. Type the
buffer name before the range specification.
[= buffer] [range ] :
[BUFFER buffer] [range]

The default is the current text buffer. When you
use a buffer without a range specification (null
range), the default is the entire text buffer, and
the cursor is placed at the first line in the text
buffer.

Examples: In the following examples, typical commands are used to show
samples of range specifications.
*TYPE =MAIN

.(8fil)

The period in the command is a current line range. EDT enters the text buffer
MAIN at the cursor position (current line) when the text buffer was exited
and displays the contents of the line at that position.
*TYPE BUFFER PASTE ALL

'EDITOR'(8fil)

EDT displays all lines in the text buffer PASTE that contain the string
'editor'.

Line Numbers and Range Specifications

4-5

Chapter 5
Editor Buffers

This chapter describes the two types of buffers contained in EDT: text and
other.

5.1

Text Buffers
EDT works on text stored in locations called buffers. When you enter EDT, it
creates two text buffers: MAIN and PASTE.
EDT creates additional text buffers as you call for them.

5.1.1

Main Buffer

The name of the main text buffer is MAIN. EDT puts the contents of the
input file into the text buffer MAIN. When you exit the editing session, EDT
transfers the contents of the main text buffer to the output file.

5.1.2 Paste Buffer
The paste text buffer is named PASTE. The paste text buffer is empty at the
beginning of each edit session and then stores text from cut and append
operations. The contents of the paste text buffer are transferred to the current
text buffer for paste operations. You can also use the paste text buffer for
other edit operations (as a text buffer).

5.1.3 Additional Text Buffers
You can name and use additional text buffers as needed (for retaining parts of
other buffers, for including other files). EDT creates the text buffer when you
name it. You can give these text buffers any name other than MAIN or
PASTE. The name consists of 1 to 30 alphanumeric characters with the first
character alphabetic. To call or to name a text buffer, you enter =name or
BUFFER name as a part of the range specification (see Chapter 4).

5-1

Examples:
*COPY 10 THRU 100 TO

=TEMP~

A copy of lines 10 through 100 of the current text buffer is written to a text
buffer named TEMP. If TEMP does not exist, EDT creates it.
*INCLUDE NEWFILE.TYP BUFFER

PASTE~

A copy of the file NEWFILE.TYP is written to the text buffer PASTE.
* MOl.JE =HOLD 1 THRU 32 TO BB(BITJ

EDT moves lines 1 through 32 of the text buffer HOLD to the location just
ahead of line 88 in the current text buffer.
There is no restriction on the size of any single text buffer except the restriction placed on the set of all text buffers. The maximum size for the set of all
text buffers in EDT is approximately 250,000 lines of 80 characters each. The
maxim um size can be limited by the space restrictions on the system device
containing EDT's work space.
The buffer status is displayed through the SHOW BUFFER command (see
Chapter 8). The SHOW BUFFER command displays the name of all the text
buffers in use during the edit session, the number of lines they contain, and an
equal sign (=) preceding the name of the current text buffer.

5.2 Other Buffers
EDT also contains buffers (storage locations) for use by editor commands.
The contents of these buffers result from the command operation. These
buffers include the following:
Line
Word
Character
String search
Substitute

5.2.1

Line Buffer

The line buffer is a 256-character buffer which is empty at the beginning of
each edit session. EDT loads the line buffer with text from character editing
commands DL, DEL, DNL, and DBL (see Chapter 9). Loading the buffer
erases the previous contents of the buffer. You copy the contents of the line
buffer with an undelete line command. When you copy the line buffer, EDT
inserts the contents of the line buffer just in front of the cursor position.
Copying does not erase the contents of the line buffer.

5-2

Editor Buffers

5.2.2 Word Buffer
The word buffer is an 80-character buffer which is empty at the beginning of
each edit session. EDT loads the word buffer with the text from character
editing commands DW, DEW, DNW, and DBW (see Chapter 9). Loading the
buffer erases the previous contents of the buffer. You copy the contents of the
word buffer with each undelete word command. When you copy the word
buffer, EDT inserts the contents of the word buffer just in front of the cursor
position. Copying does not erase the contents of the word buffer.

5.2.3 Character Buffer
The character buffer is a one-character buffer which is empty at the beginning
of each edit session. EDT loads the character buffer from each character
editing command that deletes a character. Loading the buffer erases the previous contents of the buffer. You copy the contents of the character buffer
with each undelete character command. When you copy the character buffer,
EDT inserts the contents of the character buffer atthe cursor position. Copying does not erase the contents of the character buffer.

5.2.4 String Search Buffer
The string search buffer is a 64-character buffer which is used for storing the
object of a substitute or a string search operation. The search string buffer is
empty at the beginning of each edit session. Loading the buffer erases the
previous contents.

5.2.5 Substitute Buffer
The substitute buffer is a 64-character buffer which is used for storing the
replace string in a substitute command. The substitute buffer is empty at
the beginning of each edit session. Loading the buffer erases the previous
contents.

Editor Buffers

5-3

Chapter 6
The Command Line and Command Files

This chapter describes the command line used for starting EDT and the
command files for presetting EDT operating parameters.

6.1

EDT Command Line
You start EDT through the command line. If you type (BIT) after EDIT/EDT
without a file specification, you receive the File: prompt.
The format for the EDT command line is:
EDIT/EDT [/qualifiers] file-spec [/qualifiers]
where:
EDIT/EDT specifies the text editor as EDT on VAXNMS.
file-spec

specifies the file to be created or edited. The file is created if
it does not already exist. EDT does not provide default file
types. If you do not include a file type, it is null. The file
must be a disk file on a files-11 formatted volume. Wild
card characters are not allowed in the file specification.

/qualifiers

specify command qualifiers. Qualifiers may be placed either
before or after the file specification.

See the VAX/VMS Command Language User's Guide for details on file specification format.

6.2 Command Quallflers
The EDT command qualifiers provide the system with additional information
on how to handle EDT text during an editing session. Table 6-1 summarizes
the qualifiers, which are then described in detail.

6-1

Table 6-1: EDT Command Qualifiers
Qualifier

Default

/[NOJOUTPUT[=file-specl

/OUTPUT=file-spec

/[NOJCOMMAND[=file-specl

/COMMAND=EDTINl.EDT

/[N OJJOURN AL[ =file-spec]

/JOURNAL

/[NOJRECOVER

/NO RECOVER

/[NOJREAD_ONLY

/NOREAD_ONLY

/OUTPUT=file-spec
/NOOUTPUT

The /OUTPUT qualifier defines the file specification of the output file created
during the edit session. If you do not specify /OUTPUT, the output file has
the same name and file type as the input file and a version number one higher
than the highest existing version of the file.

/COMMAND [=file-spec]
/NOCOMMAND

The COMMAND qualifier controls whether or not EDT searches for and
executes the named file before prompting you for input. If you do not specify
/COMMAND, EDT searches your directory for and executes the contents
of file EDTINI.EDT before prompting you for input (see Section 6.3,
"Command Files"). If there is no file EDTINI.EDT or you specify
/NOCOMMAND, EDT prompts you for input without modifying the default
values for the operating parameters.

/JOURNAL[file-specl
/NOJOURNAL

The JOURNAL qualifier controls whether or not the journal file is assigned a
name other than the input file's name with extension .JOU. If you specify
/NOJOURNAL, EDT does not maintain a journal file for that edit session.
(See Chapter 3.)

/RECOVER
/NO RECOVER

The RECOVER qualifier controls whether the editor will execute the journal
file created in the previous editing session. The rest of the command line must
be the same as it was for the command line that started the editing session
when the journal file was created. (See Chapter 3.)

6-2

The Command Line and Command Files

/READ_ONLY
/NOREAD_ONLY

The READ_ONLY qualifier sets the NOOUTPUT and NOJOURNAL qualifier's. With READ_ONL Y, if you attempt to exit the editing session without
specifying an output file, an error occurs. Use the READ_ONL Y qualifier
when you do not have write access and want to examine the file without
editing it.
Examples:
$

EDIT/EDT TEXT.DAT

EDT copies the contents of the input file TEXT.DAT into the main buffer
and opens a journal file named TEXT.JOU. EDT assigns the name
TEXT.DAT to the output file.
$

EDIT/EDT PAYRDLL.FRM/OUTPUT=PAYROLL.JAN/JOURNAL=REC.ONE

EDT copies the contents of the file PA YROLL.FRM into the main buffer and
opens a journal file named REC.ONE. When you end the edit session with the
EXIT command, EDT copies the contents of the main text buffer to the file
named PAYROLL.JAN. If the editing session ends in other than a normal exit
(such as a system failure), EDT retains the journal file REC.ONE.
$

EDIT/EDT PAYROLL.FRM/OUTPUT=PAYROLL.JAN/RECOVER/JOURNAL=REC.ONE

EDT copies the contents of the file PA YROLL.FRM into the main buffer and
then reads the contents of the journal file REC.ONE (the result of a previous
editing session) as a command file. At the end of reading the journal file, EDT
is in the same state as when the previous editing session ended. The text
buffers contain the input files and you:r; input to the terminal. The journal file
contains all of your inputs to the terminal. The journal file continues to add to
its contents during the recovery edit session. The editor assigns the name
PAYROLL.JAN to the output file.
$

EDIT/EDT TEXT.DAT/OUTPUT=TEXTA.DAT/COMMAND=FORMC.DAT

EDT copies the contents of the file TEXT .DAT into the main buffer and then
reads the contents of the command file. After the contents of the command
file is executed, EDT prompts you for input. EDT assigns the name
TEXTA.DAT to the output file.

6.3 Command Flies
A command file contains instructions that can be read and executed by EDT.
The name for the command file is EDTINI with a default filename string of
.EDT. The file used may be changed by defining the logical name EDTINI to
be the file specification of the desired file. EDT loads the input file into the

The Command Line and Command Files

6-3

main buffer and performs the instructions in the command file before prompting you for input. When you do not specify a command file in your command
line, the editor searches for the EDTINI.EDT file. If there is no EDTINI.EDT
file, EDT is entered directly and you are prompted for input.
Examples:
TABLEA.COM
SET ENTITY PAGE '.PAGE'
SET WRAP 8S
INCLUDE HEAD1.COM =HEAD1
INCLUDE HEADS.COM =HEADS
INCLUDE DATA.FIL =MAIN

When you specify the TABLEA.COM file as the command file in the command line, EDT executes the commands in the file and prompts you for
input. With this command file, you have set the user-definable entity page to
.PAGE and you have set the the right ma~gin for a word wrap of 65 characters.
EDT loads the files HEADl.COM and HEAD2.COM into text buffers named
HEADl and HEAD2 respectively. EDT loads the file DATA.FIL into the
main buffer just ahead of the file loaded into main buffer by the command
line.
EDTINI.EDT
SET WRAP 8S
SET MODE CHANGE

The EDTINI.EDT file is the default command file, so you do not have to
name it in the command line. You have set the right margin for word wrap of
65 characters. EDT places you in the keypad change mode before prompting
you for input.

6-4

The Command Line and Command Files

Chapter 7
Line Editing Commands

The line editing commands operate on a range of lines defined through the
range specification (see Chapter 4). You enter line editing commands from the
EDT command level, indicated by the * prompt. In character editing, you
enter line editing commands through the COMMAND command. The commands in this chapter are listed in alphabetical order.
The minimum abbreviation for these commands is shown in boldface type (in
the line showing the form of the command). EDT accepts any input from the
minimum abbreviation to the complete command word.

7 .1

COPY Command
The COPY command copies text within editor text buffers. You copy text
from one text buffer to another or from one location to another within a text
buffer. The text is not deleted from the original location. (To copy text from
an external file, use the INCLUDE command.)
The COPY command has the form:
COPY range-1 TO [range-2] [/QUERYJ [/DUPLICATE:nl

EDT copies the set of lines you specify by range-1 to the location in front of
the line specified by range-2. Range-2 is a single line range; the default for
range-2 is the current line. Range-2 can be contained in range-1.
If the destination (range-2) is not in the current text buffer, you specify the
name of the receiving text buffer (=buffer) immediately after TO. You must
give the full name of the text buffer. When your source (range-1) is not the
current text buffer, you name the source text buffer (=buffer) immediately
before range-1.

When you use the QUERY qualifier, EDT prompts you for verification of each

7-1

line of the range in the COPY command. The prompt is a question mark(?).
You have four valid responses to the QUERY prompt:
Y (yes)

Copy this line to range-2.

N (no)

Do not copy this line to range-2.

A (all)

Copy all remaining lines in range-1 to range-2.

Q (quit)

Quit the copy operation.

Use the DUPLICATE:n qualifier to make n copies of the source text
(range-1).
The first line of range-2 becomes the first line after completion of the COPY
command.
Examples:
*COPY 15 THRU GO TO 95(BI'i)

EDT copies lines 15 through 60 of the current text buffer to the position just
before line 95 of the current text buffer.

(

*COPY =MAIN TD =TEXT /QUERY(BITJ
1

This is the first line to be copied.

EDT copies the contents of the text buffer MAIN to the buffer TEXT one line
at a time. EDT shows each line to be copied followed by the ? prompt. You
must respond with one of the prompt answers before EDT continues.
*COPY BEGIN TO 85 /DUPLICATE:8(BITJ

EDT copies the first line of the current text buffer and places it just before
line 65 of the current text buffer. This operation is repeated 9 times.

7.2 DEFINE MACRO Command
The DEFINE MACRO command assigns a name to a sequence of editor
commands.
The DEFINE command has the form:
DEFINE MACRO macro-name

The DEFINE MACRO command assigns a name to a text buffer. You can
enter the text buffer and insert any number of EDT commands. You end your

7-2

Line Editing Commands

entries with a (CTRL/z). The macro-name is a line editing command and becomes
a part of the EDT command list for the duration of this editing session. You
can define the macro-name to be the same as an existing line editing command, but this results in that command no longer being available. For example, assume that you want to insert a block of text in a number of places in the
text buffer. You create the macro containing the text and name the macro
INSERT. Now when you enter INSERT as a command, EDT will execute the
contents of the macro INSERT.
You enter the macro-name in response to the editor command level prompt.
EDT makes a search of the EDT command list for every command you enter
before it processes the command. When a macro and a command have the
same name, EDT redefines the command as the macro.
You can have macros address other macros to a depth limited only by the
available memory.
Examples:

(

This is a line in the text b u f f e r . \

*DEFINE MACRO FORM(Btl)
*FIND=FORM(Btl)
*INSERTOO)
SET TAB WRITE(Btl)
SET ENT I TY SENTENCE
(Btl)
SET NOWRAP(Btl)
SET NOTRUNCATE(Btl)
FI ND LAST+ 100)
INSERT; THIS IS A SAMPLE OF THE NEW PROGRAMOO)
I

;

*FIND=MAIN.(Btl)
*(Btl)
10

This is a line in the text buffer+

_)
At line 10 of the current text buffer you determine a need for a macro. The
DEFINE MACRO command defines FORM to be a valid EDT command for
the duration of this edit session. A text buffer is assigned the name FORM.
You transfer EDT to the text buffer FORM with the FIND command and you
enter the command string into the text buffer FORM. At the completion of
the command entries, you exit the insert mode with a (CTRL/zl. The
FIND=MAIN. command returns you to your position in the text buffer prior
to the DEFINE MACRO command. Enter a ~ and EDT displays the current line, line 10.
When you enter FORM in response to the command level prompt, the commands in the text buffer FORM are executed:
The first tab indent is set to 4.
The delimiter for the sentence entity is set to ;.

Line Editing Commands

7-3

The NOWRAP parameter is set.
The NOTRUNCATE parameter is set.
EDT locates the last line previous to entering the FORM command and enters
the message
'THIS IS A SAMPLE OF THE NEW PROGRAM'

on the next line.

7.3 DELETE Command
The DELETE command deletes lines of text specified by the range.
The DELETE command has the form:
DELETE [range] [/QUERY]

When you do not specify the range, EDT defaults to the current line. When
you delete a range of lines, EDT deletes the lines and displays a message
stating the number of lines deleted. The message is followed by a display of
the next line in the text buffer.
When you use the QUERY qualifier, EDT prompts you for verification of each
line of the range in the DELETE command. The prompt is a question mark
(?). You have four valid responses to the QUERY prompt:
Y (yes)

Delete this line.

N (no)

Do not delete this line.

A (all)

Delete all remaining lines in the specified range.

Q (quit)

Quit the delete operation.

Examples:

(*DELETE!Hill
1 line deleted
21

The line

P~ecedins

this line was deleted.

_)
EDT deletes the line at the cursor position and displays the contents of the
next line, line 21.

7-4

Line Edi ting Commands

(DELETE 251H!il
1 line deleted

There are no lines between line 25 and 28+

EDT deletes line 25 of the current buffer and displays the contents of the next
line, line 26.

~ELETE

BEFDREliirn
10 lines deleted
11
There are no decir,1al 1H1r,1bers in the ranse deleted.

----------~~~-----------------

EDT deletes all lines preceding the current line and displays the contents of
the current line, line 11.

r:ELETE 12 THRU ll2 /QUERY~
12
This is the first

line of the ranse.

NOO)
13
? YOO)

This is the second line of the ranse.

lines deleted
1a

This is the third line of the ranse.

? AOO)

28 lines deleted
ll3

This line is not in the ranse.

----------~~~----------------

EDT displays each line of the range and the ? prompt.
You must enter one of the prompt QUERY responses before EDT continues to
the next line or exits the delete operation.

7.4 FIND Command
The FIND command locates the line specified by range. EDT does not display
the line located.
The FIND command has the form:
FIND range

Line Editing Commands

7-5

Range is a single line range. Use the FIND command to move between text
buffers. EDT locates the selected range and positions the cursor at the start of
that line. EDT then displays the command prompt.
Examples:
*FIND
*:j

as~m

EDT finds line 45 of the current text buffer. EDT displays the* prompt when
the line is found.
*FIND =STORE

as~

EDT finds line 45 of the text buffer STORE. EDT displays the * prompt when
the line is found.

7.5 INCLUDE Command
The INCLUDE command copies files into text buffers. Lines added through
the INCLUDE command are numbered by EDT to ensure that their position
immediately precedes the specified range.
The INCLUDE command has the form:
INCLUDE file name [range]

The file name is the name of the file you want to copy.
EDT copies the specified file to the current text buffer immediately in front of
the first line of [range]. The transfer does not modify the source file. When the
INCLUDE operation is complete, EDT displays the command p:r;ompt.
Examples:
*INCLUDE TDn. DAT(Bfi)

EDT copies the contents of the file named TEXT .DAT into the current text
buffer just in front of the present line.
*INCLUDE TEXT.FIL =TE}<T(Bfi)

EDT copies the contents of the file named TEXT.FIL into the buffer you have
named TEXT. EDT copies the text in front of any text in the text buffer.
*INCLUDE FILE.TEN =ELEVEN
*f'

GO~

EDT copies the contents of the file named FILE. TEN into the text buffer you
have named ELEVEN. EDT loads the text into the text buffer ELEVEN just
in front of line 60.

7-6

Line Editing Commands

7.6 INSERT Command
The INSERT command opens a text buffer for the insertion of lines of text.
The lines added through the INSERT command are numbered by EDT to
ensure that their position immediately precedes the specified range.
The INSERT command has the form:
INSERT [range]

To exit the INSERT command, enter (CTRL/z).
When you use the range qualifier, EDT inserts the text you enter before the
first line of the specified range. Range is a single line range. When you do not
use the range qualifier, EDT inserts the text you enter just before the current
line.
When you end the INSERT command with a semicolon, you can use the rest
of the command line (until you press ~) to insert text. EDT inserts the text
at the specified range and exits the insert operation. When you do not use the
semicolon, the insert operation continues until you enter a (CTRL/z).
Examples:
*INSERT

12(BIT)

*{/

EDT opens the current text buffer, just before line 12, for the insertion of text.
Enter as many lines of text as you wish. EDT assigns decimal line numbers to
all lines entered. EDT remains in the insert mode until you enter a (CTRL/z).
*INSERT =TE>(T 30 ;ENTER NEW EMPLOYEE NUMBERSOOJ

*::::::::

EDT opens your buffer TEXT, inserts "ENTER NEW EMPLOYEE
NUMBERS" just before line 30, and then exits the insert mode of operation.

7.7 MOVE Command
The MOVE command moves the lines defined by one range to the location
preceding the line specified by another range. The copied lines are numbered
by EDT to ensure that their position immediately precedes the specified
range.
When you use the MOVE command, EDT deletes the original copy of the
text. Use the COPY command to copy without deleting the original text.
The MOVE command has the form:
MOVE [range-11 TO [range-21 /QUERY

Range-1 is the text you wish to move. Range-2 is the destination for the text
of range-1 and becomes the current line on completion of the move. If you
omit either range-1 or range-2, the default for the omitted range is the current
line. When the move is· complete, EDT displays a command line prompt.

Line Editing Commands

7-7

When you use the QUERY qualifier, EDT prompts you for verification of each
line of range-1 in the MOVE command. The prompt is a question mark (?).
You have four valid responses to the QUERY prompt:
Y (yes)

Move this line to range-2.

N (no)

Do not move this line to range-2.

A (all)

Move all of the remaining lines in range-1 to range-2.

Q (quit)

Quit the operation.

Examples:
*MOt.IE TO GS(IID}

*>
EDT copies the current line to line 65 of the current buffer and deletes the
current line.
*MOt,IE =TE}<T WHOLE TO ll7(1W]
*:;:;

EDT copies the contents of your text buffer TEXT to the position just in front
of line 47 of the current text buffer and then deletes the contents of text buffer
TEXT. EDT assigns new line numbers to the moved lines.
*MOt,IE 2ll THRU 88 TO =MA IN GO(Bill

EDT copies lines 24 through 88 of the current text buffer to the point just in
front of line 60 in the text buffer MAIN and then deletes those lines in the
current buffer. EDT assigns new line numbers to the moved lines.

7.8 Null Command
The null command is the implied TYPE command. The null command includes a range specification followed by a IBill. The range specifications REST,
WHOLE, BEGIN, END, LAST, and ALL are not allowed in this statement
unless they are preceded by a % (see Chapter 4).
Examples:

* - CRrn
The minus sign (-) reverses the direction so that EDT displays the line preceding the current line.
·11-15 THRU GO(RETJ

EDT displays each line in the range in sequence.

7-8

Line Editing Commands

* 'X,RESTffi)

EDT displays the rest of the text in the current text buffer.

7.9 PRINT Command
Use the PRINT command to copy text from a text buffer into a file. EDT puts
the transferred text into a page printable format.
The PRINT command has the form:
PRINT file name [range]

Use the range to select a portion of the text buffer to be copied to the file in
page printable format. When you do not make a range entry, the default is the
current text buffer.
When the transfer is complete, EDT returns you to your last position in the
current text buffer and displays the command level prompt.
Examples:

EDT copies the contents of the current text buffer to a file named YOUR.FIL.
The file is in a page printable format.
*PRINT THIS.FIL=TE>n 1 THRU BGffi)

EDT copies lines 1 through 86 of your text buffer named TEXT to a file
named THIS.FIL. The file is in a page printable format.

7.10 REPLACE Command
Use the REPLACE command to delete the lines specified by range and to add
new text. When the lines are deleted, EDT displays a message stating the
number of lines deleted and then enters insert mode. The text buffer is opened
at the first line in the range specification for the insertion of new text.
The REPLACE command has the form:
REPLACE [range]

To exit the REPLACE command, enter (CTRL/z).
When you do not specify a range, EDT deletes the current line and opens the
text buffer for entering the new text in that location. EDT renumbers the
inserted text, using the numbers of the deleted lines. When the text you insert
exceeds the line count of the deleted text, EDT assigns decimal line numbers
to ensure that the new line numbers do not conflict with line numbers outside
the specified range. When there are more deleted lines than inserted lines, the
excess line numbers are not used.

Line Editing Commands

7-9

To replace the specified range a single line of text, you end the REPLACE
command with a semicolon and enter the new text on the same line. When
you press IBm to end the line, EDT displays the command line prompt.
To return to EDT command level when you do not use the semicolon, you
enter a (CTRL/zl. The editor places you at the line following the last line deleted.
Examples:

(

*REPLACE 3 THRU 12l8If)
10

lines 1jelete1j

EDT deletes lines 3 through 12 of the current text buffer and opens the text
buffer at line 3 for the insertion of text. When you are through inserting text,
enter a (CTRL/Z).

(•REPLACE

s; Delete and reelace this

line.~

This is the line followins the replaced line.

*tt

-----------~-------------__)
EDT deletes line 9 and inserts the text between the semicolon and the tBm as
the new line 9. EDT displays the contents of the next line, your present
position in the current text buffer.

7.11

RESEQUENCE Command
The RESEQUENCE command assigns new line numbers to the contents of a
buffer.
The RESEQUENCE command has the form:
RESEQUENCE [range] [/SEQUENCE [:initial:incrementJ J

The lines you specify for resequencing by the range specification must be
contiguous. When you do not specify a range, EDT resequences all lines in the
current text buffer. When you use the sequence qualifier, EDT sets the first
line to the initial value, and increments the succeeding line numbers with the
value of increment. When the lines are resequenced, EDT displays the command line prompt.
If you do not use the SEQUENCE qualifier, EDT sets the increment to 1, and

the initial number is the first line of the specified range.

7-10

Line Editing Commands

EDT prevents the assignment of nonsequential or duplicate line numbers.
Examples:
*'RESEQUENCE 22 THRU ENDfilT)

*'!!:?
EDT resequences the line numbers of the current buffer starting with line 22.
EDT increments the line numbers by a count of 1.
*RESEQUENCE =TEHT /SEQUENCE:10:1000')

*?f

EDT resequences the line numbers of the contents of your buffer named
TEXT. The first line number is 10, and EDT increments the line numbers by
10.

7.12 SUBSTITUTE Command
The SUBSTITUTE command replaces occurrences of one specified string
with another string. A string consists of from 0 to 64 characters.
The SUBSTITUTE command has the form:
SUBSTITUTE /string-1/string-2 [/range] [/BRIEF[:n]J [/QUERY] [JNOTYPEJ

Any nonalphanumeric character, such as slash (/), can be used as a string
delimiter, provided the same delimiter is used in all places. However, the
delimiter character cannot be contained in string-1 or string-2.
When you do not specify a range, EDT replaces the first occurrence in the
current line of string-1 in the current line with string-2. When you specify a
range, EDT replaces all the occurrences of string-1 within the range with
string-2. EDT displays the line after the substitution is made. EDT returns
you to the first line in the specified range at the end of the substitution.
When you use the BRIEF:n qualifier, EDT displays the first n characters of
the lines containing string-1.
When you use the QUERY qualifier, EDT precedes each substitution with a
question mark (?) prompt. The response qualifiers are:
Y (yes)

Substitute this string.

N (no)

Do not substitute this string.

A (all)

Make all of the remaining substitutions without further queries.

Q (quit)

Quit the substitution operation.

When you use the NOTYPE qualifier, the lines where EDT makes the substitutions are not displayed.

Line Editing Commands

7-11

Examples:
*SUBSTITUTE /USED/PREDWNED/WHOLE/QUERY(fiUJ

EDT searches the current buffer for the word "USED". For each occurrence,
EDT prints the line containing "USED", followed by a question mark (?).
You read the line to determine the validity of making the substitution. The
string delimiter used in this example is the same as the qualifier delimiter.

substitutions.
? N 00'.l
46
·-;>

It can be used for a ranse of lines.

N 00'.l

No sut•stitutions
*(RET)

_______

This is the current line.
'

After you respond with one of the four answers to the? (in this case no), EDT
continues searching the text buffer for occurrences. If no substitutions are
made, EDT places you at the second line of the text buffer.
When you respond Y, EDT replaces "USED" with "PREOWNED". If there is
more than one occurrence of "USED" in the line, the process is repeated. On
each occurrence of "USED" in the line, EDT displays the corrected line and,
after the last substitution, the number of substitutions made. After the last
substitution is made EDT places you at the second line in the text buffer.

r:--~~-,~,:~~~~~ea-rs once .in this s~
*SUBSTITUTE •LIST•TABLE•/BRIEF:20!liET)

20
The word table aPPea
1 substitution Made
21
This is the next line in the buffer.

,.~---------

EDT searches the current line for the word "LIST", replaces it with
"TABLE" and displays the first 20 characters of the corrected line and the
number of substitutions made. EDT then displays the next line in the current
buffer and the command line prompt. The string delimiter used differs from
the qualifier delimiter.
*SUBSTITUTE @SECTION@CHAPTER@WHOLE/QUERY/NOTYPEm'.)

7-12

Line Editing Commands

EDT searches. the current buffer for the word "SECTION" and then displays
in sequence each line containing the word "SECTION", followed by a question mark (?). When you respond with one of the four QUERY qualifiers, EDT
continues. When your response is a Y, the editor replaces "SECTION" with
"CHAPTER" and searches for the next occurrence of "SECTION". The
string delimiter used differs from the qualifier delimiter.

7.13 SUBSTITUTE NEXT Command
The SUBSTITUTE NEXT command replaces the next occurrence of a specified string with another string. The cursor remains at the line where the
substitution is made.
The SUBSTITUTE NEXT command has the form:
[SUBSTITUTE] NEXT [/string-1/string-2/J

EDT searches for the next occurrence of string-1 from the current location
forward. When EDT makes a substitution, the line in which the substitution
is made becomes the current line.
If neither string-1 nor string-2 is specified, EDT uses the strings specified by

your last SUBSTITUTE command.
Examples:
Assume that your last substitute command was
SUBSTITUTE/NONE/SIX/

You wish to find the next occurrence of the word "NONE" to replace it with
"SIX".

(

27
*SU5ST I TUTE
27

*W?

This 1 in e contains the

1,.,10

rd none.

NEHT~

This line contains the

1,.,1

or d six

~--------~----------_)
EDT searches for the next occurrence of your last SUBSTITUTE command
string-1 and replaces it with string-2. EDT replaces the word "NONE" with
"SIX" and displays the corrected line.

Line Editing Commands

7-13

(

*NEXT/REASON/EMOTION/I!@
Q3

This line now contains the word emotion.

EDT searches for the next occurrence of "REASON" and replaces it with
"EMOTION". EDT displays the corrected line.

7.14 TYPE Command
The TYPE command displays a specified range of lines.
The TYPE command has the form:
TYPE [range] [/BRIEF[:nll [/STA YJ

The range you select can be a single line or multiple lines. The multiple lines
do not have to be contiguous. The first line you specified in the range becomes
the current line.
When you select the BRIEF qualifier, EDT displays the first n characters of
the selected lines. The default for n is 10 characters.
When you select the STAY qualifier, EDT does not change the cursor
position.
Examples:

There are two lines left in the current buffer.

*TYPE RESTOO)

There are two lines left in the current buffer.
This is the last line.

30
31
[ EDB J

-------------~~----------------

EDT displays the remainder of the current text buffer from the current line.
The first line displayed is the current line.

(

*TYPE 271!@
27

Line 27 is for disPlay.

ii·})

~~--------~----------J
EDT displays line 27, the current line.
7-14

Line Editing Commands

(

*TYPE 3 ,5 t8 ,9 t24(8fil)
This
3
This
5
This
8
This
8
This
24

is
is
is
is
is

line
line
line
line
1 in e

3.
5.
8•
8.
24.

EDT displays lines 3, 5, 6, 9, and 24. Line 3 is the current line.

(

*TYPE 28:t1:3(8fil)
28
27
28
28

This
This
This
This

is
is
is
is

line 28.
1 in e 27.
1 in e 28.
1 in e 28.

_)
EDT displays lines 26 and the following three lines.

r:PE 40: END ALL

41
44

I NEWS I (8fil)
This is the first line after 40 containins ne1,.,1s.
This is the last line after 40 containins news.

-----------~-------------.)
EDT displays all lines, beginning with line 40, that contain the string
'NEWS'.

(

*TYPE =TEXT
33

'JOURNAL'~

Line 33 contains the word Journal.

"--*-ff---------------------~
EDT searches your buffer TEXT for the word ''JOURNAL'' and then displays
the first line containing "JOURNAL".
Line Editing Commands

7-15

(

32
This is the current 1 in e.
*TYPE 1 THRU 15 /STAY~
1
This is line one.

This is line fifteen.

~-*::::_:::------~-----------_)
EDT displays lines 1 through 15 of the current text buffer. The cursor remains
at line 32.

7.15 WRITE Command
The WRITE command copies the defined range of text from a text buffer to
the specified file. The WRITE command does not change the contents of the
text buffer.
The WRITE command has the form:
WRITE file name [range] [/SEQUENCE[:initial:increment]]

When you specify a range, EDT copies that text to the file. When you do not
specify a range, EDT copies the contents of the current text buffer to the file.
When you use the SEQUENCE qualifier, EDT writes the line numbers, as
defined by initial and increment, as a fixed field in the file. These fixed line
numbers are part of the file. The default for line numbers are the fixed line
numbers from the input file.
Examples:

(*WRITE PART.FIL 10 THRU 80l!i@

DB1:CUSERNAMEJPART.FIL;1 81

\... *@

~INES

\
_)

EDT transfers a copy of the contents of lines 10 through 90 to the file
PART .FIL. When the transfer is complete, EDT displays the complete name
of the new file, the number of lines written to the file, and the command
prompt.

7-16

Line Editing Commands

(

*WRITE NEW.DAT =TEHT1/SEQUENCE: 10: 10IBIT)
D51:[USERNAMEJNEW.DAT;1 145 LINES

EDT transfers a copy of the text buffer TEXTl to your file NEW .DAT. EDT
renumbers the lines (beginning with line 10 and incremented by 10) and
places them in a fixed field in the file. When the transfer is complete, EDT
displays the complete name of the new file, the number of lines written to the
file, and the command prompt.

Line Editing Commands

7-17

Chapter 8
Editor Control Commands

Editor control commands are commands that control EDT rather than operate on text buffers. The commands in this chapter are listed in alphabetical
order. The minimum abbreviation for these commands is shown in boldface
type (in the line showing the form of the command). EDT accepts any input
from the minimum abbreviation to the complete command word.

8.1

CHANGE Command
The CHANGE command places the editor in character editing mode. You
select either keypad or nokeypad character editing through the SET command (one of them is always set). EDT defaults to keypad character editing
for VT52 and VTlOO terminals and to nokeypad character editing. for all other
terminals.
The CHANGE command has the form:
CHANGE [range]

The range specification in the command line is a single line range that defines
where the buffer is opened (the line at which the cursor is positioned)
upon entry into character editing. To exit character editing mode, you enter
(CTRL/Zl in keypad and EX in nokeypad editing.
EDT accepts a set of commands for character editing. The full set of character
editing commands is available in nokeypad and a portion of the character
editing commands are available under keypad. In keypad character editing,
you enter the commands through the keypad. In nokeypad character editing,
you enter the commands through the keyboard. See Chapter 9 for details on
nokeypad character editing and Chapter 10 for details on keypad character
editing.
Your terminal type controls the visual response you receive during character
editing.

8-1

On hardcopy (HCPY) terminals or terminals other than the VT52 or
VTlOO, EDT prints the edited line after each ~.
On video terminals operating in nokeypad character editing, the subcommands are accepted at the last line on the screen. EDT updates the screen
after each ~.
For video terminals using keypad character editing, the subcommand operations are immediately visible to the user; the portion of the display
modified by the subcommand is updated.
For additional detail on terminal responses, see Appendix A.
Keypad character editing places a substantially larger demand on system
resources than line editing does.
For those applications using slow speed input/output devices (300 baud or
less), you should use a smaller display window. Use SET LINES to decrease
the number of lines in the window, SET CURSOR to limit the cursor movement over a smaller range of lines, and SET SCREEN to limit the length of
the lines displayed.
Examples:
*SET NOKEYPAD(Bfl)
*CHANGE(Bfl)

EDT is placed in nokeypad character editing mode. For VT52 and VTlOO
terminals, the setting of the other SET command parameters controls the
screen display presentation. For all other terminals, the display is the line
where the cursor is located followed by the character editing command
prompt.

EDT enters the default character editing mode (keypad for VT52 and VTlOO
terminals and nokeypad for other terminals) at line 43 of the current text
buffer.

8.2 EXIT Command
The EXIT command ends an editing session. EDT transfers the contents of
text buffer MAIN to the file you specify.
The EXIT command has the form:
EXIT [file name] [/SEQUENCE[:initial:increment]] [/SAVE]

You define the file name for the contents of the buffer MAIN in either the
command line or the EXIT command. When you define the file name in the
EXIT command, that name takes precedence.
When you use the SEQUENCE qualifier, EDT assigns integer line numbers
before the text transfer and places them in a fixed field in the file. These are

8-2

Editor Control Commands

fixed line numbers and are a part of the file. You define the starting line
number through the initial qualifier and the increment between line numbers
through the increment qualifier.
The SAVE qualifier saves the journal file. The journal file is file name.JOU,
where the file name is specified in the command line on the output file name.
For information on the journal file, see Chapter 3.
Examples:

EDT transfers the contents of the text buffer MAIN to the file you defined in
your command line. EDT returns you to system command level.
*E>{ IT NAME. NEW I SEQUENCE: 5: 5 I SAIJE(flfil)

EDT transfers the contents of the text buffer MAIN, with line numbers, to
your file NAME.NEW. The number of the first line in the file is 5 and each of
the following lines is incremented by 5. The editor saves the journal file.

8.3 HELP Command
The HELP command displays information on requested topics.
The HELP command has the following form:
HELP topic subtopic
A topic or subtopic can have the following format:
1. An alphanumeric string (for example, a command name or a qualifier)

2. The wild card or match-all symbol (*)
To obtain a list of the valid topics, enter HELP.
The subtopics available on a topic are listed at the end of each topic.
Examples:
*HELP SUB ST ITU TE NE}H (flfil)

EDT displays the HELP text for SUBSTITUTE NEXT command.
*HELP CHANGE SUBCOMMAND~

EDT displays the HELP text for CHANGE subcommands.
*HELP *(flfil)

EDT scrolls through all help text alphabetically. If you enter ~' EDT
stops scrolling. Enter @fillQ) to restart scrolling.

Editor Control Commands

8-3

When you want help on the keypad commands in keypad character editing,
press the HELP function key. To exit the keypad help files, press the space
bar or any of the keyboard keys. See Figures 10-1 and 10-2 for keypad layouts.

8.4 QUIT Command
The QUIT command ends the current editing session without saving the
contents of text buffer MAIN.
The QUIT command has the following form:
QUIT [/SAVEJ

You use the SAVE qualifier to save the journal file. For more information
about the journal file, see Chapter 3.
Examples:

EDT returns you to system command level and saves nothing from the current session.

EDT saves the contents of the journal file under the name you defined in the
command line. EDT returns you to system command level.

8.5 SET Command
The SET command sets editor operating conditions. Once set, these conditions remain in effect until you exit the editor or until you change them
through another SET command.
The SET command has the following form:
SET

{ [ CASE { UPPER : LOWER : NONE } l
[ CURSOR top: bottom l :
[ENTITY {WORD : SENTENCE : PARAGRAPH : PAGE} 'string'] :
[ KEYPAD : NOKEYPAD l
[ LINES number ] :
[MODE { LINE : CHANGE } l
[ NUMBERS : NONUMBERS l
[ QUIET : NOQUIET l
[SCREEN width 1 :
(Continued on next page)

8-4

Editor Control Commands

[ SEARCH { BEGIN : END } l :
[ SEARCH { BOUNDED I UNBOUNDED } l
[ SEARCH { GENERAL I EXACT } l
[TAB n : NOTAB l :
[ TERMINAL { HCPY : VT52 : VTlOO } l
[TRUNCATE : NOTRUNCATE l
[ VERIFY I NOVERIFY l
[ WRAP n : NOWRAP l I

8.5.1

SET CASE

When you SET CASE (UPPER or LOWER), EDT flags the selected case
characters with a preceding apostrophe. The flag is displayed on the terminal,
but it is not transferred to the file when you exit EDT. The EDT default for
CASE is NONE, which does not flag any characters. The primary use for this
qualifier is on terminals with single case.
Example:

* SET CASE UPPER(BIT)
With this command EDT marks all uppercase characters with a preceding
apostrophe. The display on a terminal with upper and lower case for the first
part of the preceding paragraph is as follows:
When

>'OU

'S'E'T 'C'A'S'E ( 'U'P'P'E'R or 'L'O'W'E'R)

•••

For terminals with single case, the same copy reads as follows:
WHEN YOU 'S'E'T 'C'A'S'E

'U'P'P'E'R OR 'L'O'W'E'R)

•• •

8.5.2 SET CURSOR Top:bottom
SET CURSOR is applicable to screen terminals and character editing only.
The CURSOR top: bottom parameter sets the number of lines over which the
cursor moves on the display, where top is the number of lines for the upper
limit and bottom is the number of lines for the lower limit. The top and
bottom counts start from the top line on the screen, which is number 0.
When you reach either limit, EDT scrolls the text so you can access the
desired line(s). The allowable limits for top and bottom are 0 through 21. Do
not set top greater than bottom. The EDT default for this parameter is top=7
and bottom=14. On initial text entry into a text buffer, you use the lines up to
and including the value set for top.

Editor Control Commands

8-5

Example:

(
\

*SET CURSOR 10:12CF.\m
*CHANGEOO)

~-----------~--------~

(

th n e 0

·cine 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line a
Line 5
Line G
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10 This is the top line of the cursor ranse on the screen.
Line 11 This line is in the cursor ranse.
Line 12 This is the bottoro line of the cursor ranse.

----------~~~-----------·----

The 11th line from the top is set as the first line area and the 13th line is the
last of the edit area. When you try to move the cursor to a position outside of
these lines, EDT scrolls the display up or down until the line is within the
cursor range.

8.5.3 SET ENTITY
The SET ENTITY command sets the user definable entities for character
editing (WORD, SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, and PAGE). Each of the entities is defined by a string of characters. For the WORD and SENTENCE
entities, each character in the defining string can be a delimiter. For the
PAGE and PARAGRAPH entities, the entire defining string is the delimiter.
The default values for the entity delimiters are:

8-6

or @]) or (ff) or ~

WORD

SENTENCE

. or? or!

PARAGRAPH

PAGE

(ff)

Editor Control Commands

Example:

(

*SET ENTITY WORD ' ''•'II@
*SET ENT I TY SENTENCE I ; I te@

*CHANGEte@

~~--------~---------The delimiters for WORD are space or comma. All the commands using word
as an entity work up to the delimiter. When the delimiter, space, is on the
right, the delimiter is included in the operation. When the delimiter, space, is
on the left, the delimiter is excluded from the operation. All other word
delimiters are treated as words. When a delete word command is positioned
such that the first character to be deleted is a comma, EDT will delete the
comma.
The delimiter for SENTENCE is semicolon. All commands using a sentence
as an entity work up to the delimiter. The semicolon delimiter is useful in
some programming languages.

8.5.4 SET KEYPAD
When the KEYPAD parameter is set, the keypad controls the character editing operations. When you set the NOKEYPAD parameter, the keyboard controls the character editing operations. The default for this parameter, for
VT52 and VTlOO terminals, is KEYPAD (see Chapter 10).

8.5.5 SET LINES Number
The SET LINES number command sets the number of lines that EDT displays on your terminal for character editing. The number of lines can be set
from 1 to 22. When you are editing at slow baud rates (terminal speeds), you
can use this parameter to reduce the number of lines. The default for this
parameter is 22.
Example:
*SET LINES BIBIT)
*CHANGEIBIT)

EDT displays 8 lines at the top of the screen.

8.5.6 SET MODE
The SET MODE parameter is used in the startup command file to control the
editing mode which is entered at the end of the initialization process.
The SET MODE CHANGE command causes
EDT to begin a session in change mode; you do not have to enter the
CHANGE command.
8.5.6.1 SET MODE CHANGE -

Editor Control Commands

8-7

8.5.6.2 SET MODE LINE - The SET MODE LINE command causes EDT to
begin an editing session in line mode; this is the default mode.

8.5.7 SET [NO]NUMBERS
The SET NONUMBERS command causes EDT not to display the line numbers. The EDT default for this parameter is NUMBERS, which causes the
line numbers to be displayed.

8.5.8 SET [NO]QUIET
The SET QUIET command suppresses the ringing of the bell when an error
occurs in change mode. The default for this parameter is NOQUIET.

8.5.9 SET SCREEN Width
The SET SCREEN width command controls the maximum length of a line
EDT displays. In change mode, when you insert more characters than the
length set for character editing, EDT displays all overflow characters as one
solid rectangle on the VT52 and a diamond on the VTlOO. In line mode EDT
may display the overflow characters on succeeding lines. This depends on the
terminal type. The default for this parameter is 80 characters.
Example:

(.
$he liMit for a line is ao characters.
~n }' o u e x c e e d t h at liMit the overflow is indicated

b}'

*SET SCREEN llOtflm

"--- *CHANGE!!@

__,)

-------~~~~~----------·-------

(.
lhe liMit for a line is 41) characters+

~---W_'·h_e_n__Y_o_u_e_x_c_e_e_d~t-h_a_t~l-i_M_i_t_t_h_e~o-v_e_r_f_l_o_w_•_________________,}~
In the first part of the example, SET SCREEN is set to the default of 80
characters and there is no overflow. You then set the maximum number of
characters EDT displays on a line to 40. The first line shown in frame 2 does
not exceed 40 characters. The diamond indicates that the second line exceeds
40 characters.

8-8

Editor Control Commands

8.5.10 SET SEARCH
The SET SEARCH command sets parameters for string searching in character editing.
SET SEARCH EXACT The SET SEARCH EXACT command
causes EDT to search for exact comparisons of case in the specified string(s).
The default for this parameter is GENERAL, which disregards case.
8.5.10.1

The SET SEARCH BOUNDED command causes EDT to stop the search for the specified string at the next page
entity marker. The default for this parameter is UNBOUNDED, which
searches the en tire buffer.
8.5.10.2 SET SEARCH BOUNDED -

8.5.10.3 SET SEARCH END The SET SEARCH END command causes
EDT to leave the cursor at the end of the search string when it is found. The
default for this parameter is BEGIN, which leaves the cursor at the beginning
of the string. If the string is not found, the cursor position is unchanged.

(.
*SET SEARCH DCACTIBITJ
*SET SEARCH BOUNDEDIBITl
*SET SEARCH ENDIBITJ ., .,

--------------------------------~~

"----*-T_Y_P_E__
's_u_B_s_t_i_t_u_t_e_'_:>_:

EDT searches the current text buffer, from the current cursor position to the
next page marker, for the first occurrence of the string SUBstitute. The first
three characters in the string must be uppercase, and the remaining characters must be lowercase. When a string is found, EDT puts the cursor at the
character position following the string.

8.5.11

SET TAB N

The SET TAB n command sets the number of spaces for the first tab stop in
keypad character editing. The remaining tab stops for the terminal are
unchanged (multiples of 8 spaces). After you have set the first tab stop with
SET TAB, you can increase the first tab stop position by the value of SET TAB
with (GOLD/ E). You can decrement the first tab stop by the value of
SET TAB with (GOLD/ D).
EDT maintains an indentation level count. The count is set to one when you
enter the SET TAB command. The indentation level count is incremented by
one when you enter ( GOLD/ E) and decremented by one when you enter
(GOLD/ D). The first ~ entry for a line is the product of the value of
SET TAB and the indentation level count. When the cursor is at position n
times the initial SET TAB, you can set the first tab set to that position with
(GOLD/ A).

Editor Control Commands

8-9

You can adjust the tab setting over a range of lines so that all lines in the
selected range are indented. You enter the character editing SELECT function to define the start of the range. You then move the cursor to the end of
the range of lines and enter (GOLDI rJpreceded by a GOLD function and a +
or - repeat count. The lines between the SELECT function entry and the
@Li5/f)function entry are indented to the value of SET TAB times the + or
- repeat count.
Examples:
The first example shows the effect of the SET TAB command on the tab
settings.

r:.~

th e f i r st I i n e i ro th e t e x t bu f f e r ,
This is the next line in the text buffer.
This is the last 1 in e.
@l_L/~

*SET TAB 5(flfil)
*CHANGE(flfil)

__,)

'----,,--, __ _________,~--------_,,

~-::;~-t~-i:e--i~ te~t
[AID

\___

buffer.

This is the next line in the text buffer.

(@) @ii @ii }fh i s

i s th e I as t

I i : · . ·-- . ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __)_

Entering a (CTRL/z) places EDT in line editing mode. The SET TAB command
sets the first tab indent to 5 spaces. The CHANGE command returns EDT to
keypad character editing. Move the cursor to the start of the second line, and
press @:W. EDT indents the line 5 spaces (the SET TAB value). Move the
cursor to the start of the last line, and press @ID three times. EDT indents the
line 16 spaces. The cursor is indented 5 spaces for the first tab, 3 spaces for the
second tab, and 8 spaces for the third tab.
The next example shows the result of incrementing and decrementing the first
tab indent by using (GOLD/ e)and (GOLDI D).

*SET TAB 12(flfil)

~EOC@

--,- ...__.
...

8-10

Editor Control Commands

For this exaMPle there are four lines.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.
GM!
The indent frorTl the left 111arsin is 12 spaces.~
( GOLD/ E) ~
T h e i n d e n t i s n o 1A1 2 4 s P a c e s • filf)
( GOLD/ D) ~
T h e i n d e n t i s b a c ~{ t o 1 2 s P a c e s • IBIT)

With the SET TAB command, set the first tab for keypad character editing to
12 spaces, this sets the indentation level count to 1. Remember the remaining
tab settings for a line are the default values, multiples of eight spaces from the
left hand margin. Move the cursor to the end of the current text buffer (the
empty line preceding [EOB]). Indent the cursor one tab space before entering
text. After adding a line to the buffer, press (GOLD/Eland @ID. This increments the indentation level count to 2; the first tab is set to 24 (the SET TAB
value times the indentation level count). After adding a line indented 24
spaces, press (GOLD/ D) and @ID. This decrements the indentation level count
by one, setting the indentation for the start of the next line to 12 spaces.
The next example shows how to indent a selected number of lines by using the
SELECT and ( GOLDtTlfunction keys. (See Chapter 10.)

(

CTRL/Z)

*SET TAB 4IBIT)
*CHANGE~

<.SELECT>
Hor this exaMPle there are four lines.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.

( GOLD/T)

~------

(

_______________J

For this exaMPle there are four lines.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.

Editor Control Commands

'
8-11

Using the SET TAB command, set the first tab to 4 spaces and enter the
CHANGE command. (The text is from the example above.) EDT displays the
contents of the text buffer. Move the cursor to one end of the range of lines
you wish to indent, and press the SELECT function key. Move the cursor to
the other end of the range, and press ( GOLD/ r l. EDT indents the selected
range of lines four spaces; the remainder of the text buffer is unchanged. A
CGOQV3Jfollowed by ( GOLDtTlwould shift the selected lines 12 spaces (3 times
the SET TAB of 4).
The next example shows the use of the (GOLDI Al function key to set the indentation level count and subsequent first tab indents.

(
.

(Qj]fft)

*SET TAB

For this exaMPle there are four lines.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.
( M0 I.I e c u r s 0 r
@ID
(GOL!>IQ) ~

t 0

2 5 s p a c e s ) ( GOLD/ A)

The first tab stop is no1..,1 25 spaces.~
The first tab st o P is no 1. ,1 20 s Paces.

~EOBJ

Assume that the text buffer contains the four lines of text. The (CTRL/zl places
EDT in line editing mode. Using the SET TAB command, set the first tab to 5
spaces (the indentation level count is set to 1), and enter the CHANGE
command. Move the cursor to the line following the text, and indent the
cursor 25 spaces (a multiple of the SET TAB value). Enter a (GOLDI Al; this
sets the first tab to 25 spaces and sets the indentation level count to 5
(25/5=5). You can decrement or increment the tab level counter by pressing
the (GOLDI oJand (GOLDI E)function keys respectively (each increment is 5
spaces).

8.5.12 SET TERMINAL
The SET TERMINAL command is used to identify the type of terminal in
use. EDT gets the terminal type from the operating system. You can override
the terminal type with the SET TERMINAL command. You can set the
terminal to VTlOO, VT52, or HCPY.

8.5.13 SET [NO]TRUNCATE
The SET TRUNCATE command ends the display of a line at the value of
SET SCREEN. The default is SET TRUNCATE. When you use

8-12

Editor Control Commands

SET NOTRUNCATE, the input text which exceeds the SET SCREEN value
is displayed on succeeding lines. You use SET NOTRUNCATE when you
want to display lines that exceed the screen width.
Example:

(.
*SET SCREEN ao~
(CHANGE~

line of text is lilTlited to ao chara ·~

*SET NOTRUNCATE~
\...::.CHANGE~

line Of text is not liMited to 40

+ haracters.

_)
----------~------------In the first part of the example, the screen display limit is set to 40 characters.
The CHANGE command places EDT into character editing. The input line
exceeds 40 characters; therefore, EDT truncates the line to the limit set by
SET SCREEN. The solid diamond indicates that there are additional characters in the line that EDT does not display.
The (CTRL/zl places EDT in command level. Enter SET NOTRUNCATE and the
CHANGE command. The input line again exceeds the 40 characters of SET
SCREEN, but this time the excess is displayed on the next line. The solid
diamond indicates that this line is an overflow from the preceding line.

Editor Control Commands

8-13

8.5.14 SET [NO]VERIFY
When you use the SET VERIFY command, the commands from command
files and macro commands are printed when they are executed. The default
for this parameter is NOVERIFY - the command files and the macros are
not printed when executed.

8.5.15 SET [NO]WRAP N
The SET WRAP n command sets a line length limit of n character positions.
This command is used in two ways:
1. When you are inserting text in character editing and the cursor position

exceeds the value of n, EDT tries to wrap a full word to the next line. The
word that exceeds the limit of n characters is moved to the following line.
If there are no spaces in the character string, the line can be any length up
to 255 characters. When you insert text in the middle of a line, the line can
extend beyond the right hand margin without wrapping.
2. When you use the FILL command, SET WRAP sets the right hand margin

for the fill. EDT fills each line in the range to the word delimiter nearest
the limit n.
The default for this parameter is NOWRAP.
Example:

(

*SET WRAP

ao(Bfil)

*CHANGE~

This line contains 40 characters of text
This line contains more than ao
"----c_h_a-ra_c_t_e_r_s__o_f__
t_e_xt_·_t_/______

~~~~--------------------...J

EDT sets the right margin to 40 characters. The first line of input contains the
limit of 40 characters. If you placed a period at the end of the first sentence
(after "text"), EDT would write the word "text" and the period on the next
line. The next line exceeds the limit of 40 characters within the word "characters," so EDT moves "characters" to start a new line.

8.6 SHOW Command
The SHOW command displays selected information on the current state of
EDT.

8-14

Editor Control Commands

The SHOW command has the following form:
SHOW { BUFFER l
CASE:
CURSOR l
ENTITY {WORD l SENTENCE l PAGE l PARAGRAPH}
KEY [ { CONTROL letter l [GOLD] n } l :
SCREEN l
SEARCH l
TERMINAL :
VERSION}

8.6.1

SHOW BUFFER

The SHOW BUFFER command lists the buffers in use during the current edit
session and the number of lines of text in each buffer. The main and paste
buffers are always displayed under the SHOW BUFFER command even when
they are empty. EDT marks the name of the current text buffer with an equal
sign (=). If the line count is followed by an asterisk, there are more lines in the
input file which have not been read by EDT; thus, the number of lines listed
is not always exact.
Examples:

(
*SHOW BUFFER~
=MAIN 197 LINES
PASTE 0 LINES
MACRO 2a LINES

\ . _ *?!

EDT displays the names of all text buffers used in this editing session. MAIN
is the current text buffer.
8.6.2 SHOW CASE
The SHOW CASE command shows the current case setting (UPPER,
LOWER, or NONE). CASE is defined in the SET CASE command.

Editor Control Commands

8-15

8.6.3 SHOW CURSOR
The SHOW CURSOR command shows the current cursor range. CURSOR is
defined in the SET CURSOR command.

8.6.4 SHOW ENTITY
The SHOW ENTITY command shows the current setting for the specified
entity (WORD, SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, and PAGE). The entities are
defined in the SET ENTITY command.

8.6.5 SHOW KEY
The SHOW KEY command (CONTROL letter : [GOLDln) shows the definition of the specified key in change mode. You can change the definition of the
key with the DEFINE KEY command.
Example:

*SHOW KEY GOLD 3(@)
PASTE.

The example assumes that EDT is at command level. Enter the SHOW KEY
command and the key (the numbers for the keypad keys are shown in Figure
10-3). EDT responds by displaying the current command value for that key.

8.6.6 SHOW SCREEN
The SHOW SCREEN command shows the current setting for the maximum
length of a line EDT displays. SCREEN is defined in the SET SCREEN
command.

8.6.7 SHOW SEARCH
The SHOW SEARCH command shows the current search parameters.
SEARCH is defined in the SET SEARCH command.

8.6.8 SHOW TERMINAL
The SHOW TERMINAL command shows your terminal type (HCPY, VT52,
or VTlOO).

8.6.9 SHOW VERSION
The SHOW VERSION command shows the version number of EDT.

8-16

Editor Control Commands

Chapter 9
Nokeypad Character Editing

The character editing commands operate on a range of characters defined
within each command entry, either specifically or by default. You enter the
commands through the keyboard.

You enter nokeypad character editing through the CHANGE command and
if you have a VT52 or VTlOO terminal, you must also have used the SET
NOKEYPAD command.

You enter nokeypad character editing commands after the command prompt.
For VT52 and VTlOO terminals, the command prompt is the cursor. The
cursor defines your position in the text buffer (the reference point for command entries). When you enter character editing commands, EDT displays
your keyboard entries at the bottom of the screen. Press (BIT) to execute the
command. When the command sequence is complete, the cursor returns to
your position in the text buffer. For a description of the prompt on other
terminals, see Appendix A.

9.1

Entities of Text
An entity is a definable quantity of text. The character editing commands
work on multiples of these entities. Table 9-1 describes the defined entities for
the change mode commands.

9-1

Table 9-1: Entities

Entity

Description

C (Character)

A C is a single character. The characters include all of
the alphabetic, numeric, and special characters on the
keyboard.

W (Word)

A W is a string of characters delimited by one of a set
of delimiter characters, including spaces. The default
word terminators are spaces, ~, tabs, and ® (form
feed). You can define the word delimiters with the SET
ENTITY command. Each delimiter other than space is
a word.

BW (Beginning Of Word)

A BW is the string of characters from the cursor position
to the beginning of the word. When the cursor is at the
beginning of a word, BW is the previous word.

EW (End Of Word)

An EW is the string of characters from the cursor position to the end of the word. This includes the character
at the cursor position.

L (Line)

An L is a single line of text, where line is a string of
characters between line terminators.

BL (Beginning Of Line)

A BL is the string of characters from the cursor position
to the beginning of the line. When the cursor is at the
beginning of a line, BL is the previous line.

EL (End Of Line)

An EL is the string of characters from the cursor position to the end of the line. This includes the character at
the cursor position.

NL (Next Line)

An NL is the string of characters from the cursor position to the beginning of the next line.

PAR (Paragraph)

A PAR is a user-defined entity. EDT defaults to two
successive RETURNs for a paragraph delimiter. You
define the paragraph delimiter with the SET ENTITY
command.

BPAR (Beginning Of Paragraph)

A BPAR is the string of characters from the cursor position to the beginning of the paragraph.

EPAR (End of Paragraph)

An EPAR is the string of characters from the cursor
position to the end of the paragraph (not including the
paragraph delimiter). This includes the character at the
cursor.

SEN (Sentence)

A SEN is a user-defined entity. EDT defaults to a period (.),a question mark(?), or an exclamation mark(!)
for sentence delimiters. You define the sentence delimiters through the SET ENTITY command.

BSEN (Beginning Of Sentence)

A BSEN is the string of characters from the cursor position to the beginning of the sentence.

ESEN (End Of Sentence)

An ESEN is the string of characters from the cursor
position to the end of the sentence (not including the
sentence delimiter).
(continued on next page)

9-2

Nokeypad Character Editing

Table 9-1: Entities (Cont.)

Description

Entity
PAGE

A PAGE is a user-defined entity. The default for a page
is the text between two form feed characters (including
the second form feed). You define the page delimiters
with the SET command.

BPAGE (Beginning Of Page)

A BPAGE is the text from the cursor position to the
beginning of the page.

EPAGE (End Of Page)

An EPAGE is the text from the cursor position to the
end. of the page (not including the page delimiters).

BR (Beginning Of Range)

A BR is the string of characters to the left of the cursor
in the current text buffer. This is equal to a BL command plus all preceding lines.

ER (End Of Range)

An ER is the string of characters to the right of the
cursor in the ·current text buffer. This is equal to an EL
command plus all remaining lines.

V (Vertical)

A V is equivalent to L except that the cursor stays in the
same column.

'string'

A 'string' is a group of characters within quotation
marks. It is used in search operations. When you specify
the string entity with the D (delete) or CU1; commands,
EDT includes all characters from the cursor to the
string.

SR (Select Range)

An SR is the text between the last SEL (select) command and the cursor position. When select range is not
active (no select command entered) and the cursor is at
the present search string, SR selects the search string.
When neither of the above conditions exists, SR applies
to the CHGC (changecase) command. For the CHGC
command, SR selects a single character in the current
direction.

9.2 Nokeypad Command Structure
The command keywords have one and only one form (no abbreviations are
allowed). You can put nokeypad character editing commands together in a
series; no delimiter is required between the commands but one or more spaces
are allowable.
The nokeypad character editing commands consist of one or more of the
following elements in a specified sequence:
Command The command specifies EDT's action.
Count

The count specifies the number of entities the command acts
upon. The count must be from 1 to 32767 decimal.

Nokeypad Character Editing

9-3

Direction

The minus sign (-) indicates that the action performed by the
command is to the left or up from the cursor. The plus sign ( +)
indicates the action performed by the command is to the right or
down from the cursor.

Entity

The entity defines the basic element of text (for example, character, word, or paragraph).

Buffer

The buffer defines a storage location and is used in the CUT,
PASTE, and APPEND operations.

The sequence in which the nokeypad commands use these elements takes one
of the following formats:
1. command
2.

[+ : -] [count] command

3. [+ : -1 [repeat-count] command [+
[=buffer]

-] [entity-count] [+

-] entity

The first are the fixed format commands, which specify EDT's action. You
cannot modify the action of these commands.
The second are those commands with variable count and direction parameters
(or fields). With all but two of the format 2 commands, the direction has no
meaning and is ignored by EDT. EDT defaults to a count of 1 in the current
direction.
The third are those commands which specify an action on an entity (character, word, line, or sentence). These commands have variable count and direction fields. Some commands can operate in a buffer other than the current
buffer. The direction sign can be in any of the positions shown. Two counts
are allowed; they are multiplied together.
You can repeat any string of change mode commands by enclosing the string
with parentheses and preceding the parentheses with a count. When a command in the string fails, EDT exits the repeated string.

9.3 Format 1 Commands
The format 1 commands follow.

9.3.1 ADV (Advance)
The ADV command sets all commands forward (the defined operation is to
the right and down from the cursor position) unless you override ADV with a
minus sign (- ) .

9.3.2 BACK (Backup)
The BACK command sets all commands backward (the defined operation is
to the left or up from the cursor position) unless you override BACK with a
plus sign ( + ).
9-4

Nokeypad Character Editing

9.3.3 EX (Exit)
The EX command exits EDT from the nokeypad character editor change
mode back to EDT command level.

9.3.4 EXT (Extended)
The EXT command enters line mode commands while EDT is in change
mode. EDT accepts the rest of the line (after EXT) as an editor command
level command. When EDT completes the specified command, it returns you
to change mode.
Example:

(

:µ\i ne
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line

2
3
4
5
G
7
8
9 is the first line we want to retain.
10 is also to be retained.

\__EXT DEL 1 THRU Bffi)

line 9 is the first line we want to retain+
Line 10 is also to be retained.

\_,EXT CO PY= HEADER TO 8ffi)

Whis is f roM the text buffer =HEADER.
Tine 8 is the first line we want to retain.
Line 10 is also to be retained.

Nokeypad Character Editing

9-5

EDT deletes all lines in the range from 1 through 8 from the current text
buffer. For illustrative purposes it is assumed that the text buffer line numbers match numbers shown in text. EDT then refreshes the screen with the
line succeeding the last line deleted at the top of the display. With the second
EXT command, EDT copies the contents of text buffer HEADER preceding
line 9 and refreshes the screen to display line 9 and one or more of the lines of
the inserted text.
9.3.5 I (Insert)
The I command opens the current text buffer for the insertion of text. The
text is inserted in front of the cursor position. EDT displays the text, at its
proper location in the text buffer, as you insert it. To exit from the insert
operation, enter a tTRL/z) •
Example:

(This is

line one.
This is line two.

I (B®

~--------------------------

(

This is line one.
This is line t1,,io.
This line is inserted after line t1..10. ~

~·

----------------~--------------

In this example the first two lines of the display are shown; the cursor is at the

beginning of line 3. To insert text, enter I followed by a IBTil. The I appears at
the bottom of the display until you exit the INSERT command. When you
wish to exit the insert command, enter tTRL/z) •
9.3.6 QUIT
The QUIT command exits from EDT and returns you to the system command
level prompt. EDT does not save any files.
9-6

N okeypad Character Editing

9.3. 7 REF (Refresh)
The REF command forces EDT to refresh the entire screen. EDT normally
refreshes only those portions of the screen changed by the command operations. This command is useful when the screen contains extraneous text, such
as when someone sends a message to your terminal while you are using EDT.

9.3.8 SEL (Select)
The SEL command is used to select a range of text. SEL marks the present
cursor position. To select a range, you enter SEL at one end of the range and
then move the cursor to the other end. The select range is the text between the
cursor and the position marked by SEL. You can use the SEL range as an
entity.
Examples:

(

@~is

is line one.
This is line two.
This is inserted after line two.
This is line three •

.
\

SELOO)

~~------~~-----------

(

111\\lillilllll.

ft er

line t1,..10.

This is line three.

__)
The cursor location is the beginning of line one. By entering the SEL command, you set the beginning of line one as the start of your SEL range. The
cursor marks the other end of the range; moving the cursor moves the other
end of the range. With the cursor between "inserted" and "after", the range is
from the start of line one to the beginning of "after".

9.3.9 TAB
The TAB command sets the tab position in one of two ways:
1. When you have not set a tab size with SET TAB (see Chapter 8) or when

Nokeypad Character Editing

9-7

the cursor is not positioned at the start of a line, the TAB command
inserts a tab character at the cursor position.
2. When you have set a tab size with SET TAB and the cursor is positioned
at the beginning of a line, the TAB command inserts a number of tab
characters and spaces to move the cursor to the column position which is
equal to the SET TAB value times the indentation level count.
The indentation level count defines the current level of indentation in terms
of the tab size. The number of columns to indent is equal to the indentation
level count multiplied by the tab size. The counter is set to 1 when you enter a
SET TAB value. The counter is incremented by 1 with the TI command and
decremented by 1 with the TD command. The counter is set by the TC
command also.
Example:

(

SET TAB llIBrn
SET NOKEYPAD(Bfl)
CHANGEIBrn

~~!: :: ~:~: ::~:

This is line three •

_________________________;
TAB~

(

This is line one.
This is line two.
T h i s i s 1 i n e]Jt h r e e •

TCIBrn
TI IBrn

~~-----------------------~
You set the value for the first tab setting to 4 spaces, select nokeypad character editing, and enter the CHANGE command. Entering the TAB command
moves the cursor four spaces, to character space 5. If you then move the cursor
to a multiple of the SET TAB value plus one character and enter TC, the
indentation level count is set to the result of dividing the value for the present
cursor position by the SET TAB value (the left margin is position 0). In this
example the indentation level count is set to 3. The TI command increments
the indentation level count by one to the value 4.
9-8

Nokeypad Character Editing

9.3.10 TC (Tab Compute)
The TC command sets the indentation level count to the value obtained from
dividing the current cursor column position by the SET TAB number. An
error message occurs if the cursor is not at a multiple of the SET TAB number. EDT uses the product of indentation level count and tab size to set the
first tab position for each line. Subsequent tab positions on the same line are a
multiple of the terminal's tab setting (8 spaces). See the example in TAB
above.

9.3.11 TOP
The TOP command places the current line at the top of the screen.

9.4 Format 2 Commands (Without Direction)
The format 2 commands that don't accept a direction follow.

9.4.1 ASC (ASCII)
With the ASC command you enter the decimal number representation (the
value 0 through 255 for count) of the desired ASCII character, and EDT
displays the character. EDT ignores a minus sign(-) preceding the count. See
Appendix C for the ASCII code decimal equivalents.
Example:

(

This is line one.
This is line two.

~-'A_s_c_~_r_____________________________________________}

line one.
This is line two.

<LF

~---------------------_)
The cursor location is just after line two. When you enter lOASC and (fl0,
EDT enters <LF> at the cursor position.
Nokeypad Character Editing

9-9

9.4.2 SHL (Shift Left)
The SHL command shifts the screen image to the left. You control the
amount of shift through your count entry, where shift equals count times 8 (8
equals one tab stop). EDT does not display the left portion (count times 8) of
the text. You use the SHL command to counter the SHR command. See the
example in SHR below.

9.4.3 SHR (Shift Right)
The SHR command shifts the screen image to the right. You control the
amount of shift through your count entry, where shift equals count times 8
(8 equals one tab stop). You use the SHR command to counter the SHL
command.
Example:

(

*SET SCREEN llOIBfil)
*CHANGEQITT)
The line of text is liMited to QO charact
To be able to read that which is beYond,t
This is line three~

\ _ llSHLOO')

~ be•ond
characters.
the limit use the SHL coMMand.
QSHR~

__)

~-------~~-----------(

The line of text is liMited to QO charact
To be able to read that which is beYond t
This is line three+

___________

9-10

Nokeypad Character Editing

In the first part of the example, the lines are set to truncate at 40 characters.
The first two lines extend beyond the 40 character limit and are truncated.
The 4SHL command moves the left margin 32 characters to the right. The
remainder of the first two lines can now be read. The third line is less than 32
characters long; none of the third line is visible. The SHR command restores
the text to its original position.

9.4.4 TD (Tab Decrement)
The TD command decreases the indentation level count. When the indentation level count is zero, the count is not changed. See the example under TAB
in the format 1 commands description.

9.4.5 Tl (Tab Increment)
The TI command increases the indentation level count. See the example
under TAB in the format 1 commands description.

9.4.6 UNDC (Undelete Character)
The UNDC command inserts the contents of the character buffer into the
current text buffer (just in front of the cursor). The character buffer contains
the last character deleted by one of the delete character commands. You can
use count to repeat the UNDC operation; EDT inserts the contents of the
character buffer into the text buffer count times.

9.4. 7 UNDW (Undelete Word)
The UNDW command inserts the contents of the word buffer into the current
text buffer (just in front of the cursor). The word buffer contains the last word
deleted by one of the delete word commands. You can use count to repeat the
UNDW operation; EDT inserts the contents of the word buffer into the text
buffer count times.

9.4.8 UNDL (Undelete Line)
The UNDL command inserts the contents of the line buffer into the current
text buffer (just in front of the cursor). The line buffer contains the last line
deleted by one of the delete line commands. You can use count to repeat the
UNDL operation; EDT inserts the contents of the line buffer into the text
buffer count times.

9.4.9

(Circumflex)

The " enters a control character in your text. You enter the desired control
character (A through Z) after the circumflex.

9.5 Format 2 Commands (With Direction)
The two format 2 commands that accept a direction with count follow.
Nokeypad Character Editing

9-11

9.5.1 S/s1/s2/ (Substitute)
The S/sl/s2/ command replaces string sl with string s2. Use count to define
the number of substitutions and a minus sign(-) when you want a backward
search. Any nonalphanumeric character can be used as a delimiter. The
search string (string-1) is stored in the string search buffer; the substitute
string is stored in the substitute buffer.

9.5.2 SN (Substitute Next)
The SN command uses the sl and s2 defined in the last substitute command
(stored in the search string and substitute buffers) to replace the next occurrence of sl with s2. Use count to define the number of substitutions and a
minus sign (-) when you want to search backward in the buffer.
Example:

(

®his is line one.
This is line two.
This is line three.

"----S-/_l_i_r-1e_/_s_e_n_t_e_n_c_e_/IBm-RE-T----------------------------·------~~

(
\

This is sentence@one.
This is line two.
This is line three.

2SNIBm

___)

~----------~----------

(

This is sentence one.
This is sentence t1...io.
This is sentence@three.

_)
9-12

Nokeypad Character Editing

With the cursor at the start of line one, enter the S/line/sentence/ command
and a ~. EDT replaces the string "line" in the first line with the string
"sentence". If you then enter the command 2SN, EDT substitutes the next
two occurrences of the string "line" with the string "sentence". You can
achieve the same result by preceding the S command with a count of 3.

9.6 Format 3 Commands
The format 3 commands follow:

9.6.1 APPEND
The APPEND command moves the specified entities to another text buffer.
EDT deletes the moved text from the current text buffer. Use the =buffer
range specification to name the receiving text buffer; EDT defaults to the
paste text buffer. EDT appends the specified entities to the end of the contents of the receiving text buffer. See the example in the CUT command
description.

9.6.2 CUT
The CUT command moves the specified entities to another text buffer. EDT
deletes the moved text from the current text buffer. Use the =buffer range
specification to name the receiving text buffer; EDT defaults to the paste text
buffer. EDT deletes the previous contents of the receiving text buffer.
Example:

(

\\]:his
This
This
This
This

"-.

is
is
is
is
is

line
line
line
line
line

one.
t IAI 0
three.
four.
f i I.I e +
t

CUT2L=SHOWQifill

----------~~--------------

(
\

\J\\'h is is line three.
This is line four.
This is line f i I.I e +

2APPENDL=SHOWOO)

~------------------------Nokeypad Character Editing

9-13

(

This is line five.

"--- PASTE=SHOW~

-----------------------------(

This
This
This
This
This
;\!l~

is
is
is
is
is

line
line
line
line
line

five.
one.
t1...io.
three.
f o 1.1 r.

_)
The CUT command moves the two lines following the cursor to the text buffer
you have named SHOW. EDT deletes these two lines from the current text
buffer. The 2APPEND command moves the two lines following the cursor
position to the text buffer SHOW. These two lines, which are deleted from the
current text buffer, are inserted at the end of the present contents of text
buffer SHOW. After you move the cursor to the left margin following line five,
enter the PASTE= SHOW command. EDT copies the contents of the text
buffer SHOW to the present cursor location.

9.6.3 D (Delete)
The D command deletes a specified number of entities.
Example:

(

lhis is line one.
This is line two.
This is line three •

D2Wrnfl)

~---------------------------J
9-14

Nokeypad Character Editing

(

'\\}::in e one •
This is line two.
This is line three.

"---LD_L~-E----------~---------------_)

(

line one.
is line three.

j~is

_)
Assume the cursor is located at the beginning of line one.To delete the first
two words, you enter D2W and ~. EDT deletes the first two words and
leaves the cursor at the beginning of the third word.
To delete line two, you enter LDL and ~. EDT moves down one line in
response to the first Land deletes the line in response to the DL command.
The cursor is at the beginning of line three.

9.6.4 FILL
The FILL command places the maximum amount of text on each line within
the bound set by the SET WRAP command. The text from the succeeding
lines are moved up to fill out the line. Text is broken between words; the line
is filled to the word delimiter that occurs before the limit of SET WRAP is
exceeded. FILL does not fill across blank lines; the lines between blank lines
are filled. The default value for the fill line is 80 characters.
Example:

l~ere

is a text buffer that You have Modified
throush a series of
edits such that the riSht
Marsin is rassed over the first four lines.

FILL4L~

~-------------------------__)
Nokeypad Character Editing

9-15

There is a text buffer that You ha1.1e 1r1odified throush
series of edits such that the risht Marsin is rassed
over the first four lines.

The first four lines represent the text buffer after a series of edits. The SET
WRAP is set at 64. When you enter FILL4L, EDT fills lines, with up to 64
characters in each line, until the end of the fourth line is reached.

9.6.5 [Null] (Move Cursor)
The null command moves the cursor the specified number of entities. You
enter the entity, the quantity, the direction, and then press ~.
Example:

(

lhis is line one.
This is line two.
This is line thr

\...____ ZLl!!!!I

(
\

This is line one.
This is line t1,.10.
$:his is line thr

3W3COO)

'
_)

~---------~-----------~
Assume the cursor is located at the first character of line one and that you
want to move to the end of the third line. Enter 2L and (Bill; EDT moves the
cursor to the start of the third line. Enter 3W3C and (Bill and EDT moves the
cursor three words and three characters. The cursor is at the end of line three.
You can perform the same sequence with one command string (2L3W3C) or
with three command strings (2L, 3W, 3C). EDT executes the commands in
the string in the order you entered them.
9-16

Nokeypad Character Editing

9.6.6 PASTE
The PASTE command copies the contents of the specified text buffer in front
of the cursor location. The contents of the specified buffer is unchanged by the
PASTE operation. When you do not specify a text buffer, EDT defaults to the
paste text buffer. See the example in the CUT command description.

9.6. 7 R (Replace)
The R command replaces deleted text with inserted text. EDT deletes the
selected entities and then enters the insert mode. To exit the insert mode, you
enter a (CTRL/z) •
Example:

(

This
This
:[:his
This
This

is
is
is
is
is

line one.
line t11110.
an iMProPer entrY+
also an iMProPer entrY+
line six.

"----R-2_L_illrn_ET_________________________________________________

(

This
This
@his
This
This
This

is
is
is
is
is
is

line
line
line
line
line
line

one.
t111IO +
three.mm
four.(Bill
five.~

six.

Use the R command to replace the third and fourth lines, which are in error,
with new text. Move the cursor to the first character position of line three and
enter the R2L command. EDT deletes lines three and four and opens the
text buffer for the insertion of text. You exit the insert mode with
(CTRL/Z) •

You can use the replace command on other entities. EDT deletes the selected
entities and opens the text buffer for the insertion of text.
Nokeypad Character Editing

9-17

9.6.8 TADJ (Tab Adjust)
The T ADJ command adjusts the tab level for the selected range of lines. You
set the number of lines through the range specification. The tab size and
repeat-count set the tab level (see TC). The tab level is adjusted by the value
of repeat-count; it is incremented for a plus repeat-count and decremented for
a negative repeat-count. The TADJ tab setting is the product of the SET TAB
value and the indent level.
Example:

(

This is the first line of text with a list f o l l = 1
:t:'ter11 a
fter11 b
It er11 c
It er11 d
The list of iteMs is coMPlete.

TADJllL(fl@

~~--------~-----------This is the first

l~e

IteM
It e 111
It errl
It e 111
list

line of text with a list

folio~

b
c

of iteMs is coMPlete.

\_.

With the cursor at the beginning of second line, you enter TADJ4L. EDT
indents the next four lines to the value of SET TAB. To increase the indent,
you use the repeat-count. EDT sets the indent level to the product of repeatcount and the value of SET TAB.

9-18

Nokeypad Character Editing

Chapter 10
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

This chapter describes keypad editing, which is available when the editor is in
change mode. Because a key is not labeled with what it does, this chapter
discusses functions rather than keys.
A key is found on the keyboard or keypad and is labeled with characters such
as "," or "ENTER". By contrast, a function is the operation performed when
you press that key. For example, the SUBSTITUTE and ENTER functions
are associated with the ENTER function key.
The functions in this chapter are grouped by what they do:
• Essential functions
• Entering commands and functions
• Moving the cursor
• Changing cursor movement
• Deleting and undeleting text
• Replacing text
• Inserting lines and moving sections
• Special characters, changing case, and redefining keys
• Keyboard commands
• Control character functions

10-1

10.1 The Keypad and Its Functions
In change mode you can select from the set of either keypad functions or
nokeypad commands. Keypad functions let you perform much the same operations as nokeypad commands, which are described in the preceding chapter.
However, there are differences between the two ways of editing:
• You can enter nokeypad commands from any terminal. Keypad functions
work only on VT52 and VTlOO terminals.
• You type most nokeypad commands at the keyboard, whereas you simply
press keys for keypad functions.
You can start keypad editing in change mode with the CHANGE command.
At this level EDT can perform keypad functions or nokeypad commands.
VT52 and VTlOO terminals default to keypad editing; other terminals default
to nokeypad editing. (You can change this default by using the SET
command.)
Figure 10-1 shows the VT52 keypad and its corresponding functions; Figure
10-2 shows the keypad and functions of the VTlOO.
Notice that most of the keys in Figures 10-1and10-2 have two functions. The
upper of the two is the "standard" function, and the lower one is the
"alternate" function. You can use either of the two functions, depending on
whether or not you press the GOLD key first. Press the key itself to use the
standard function of that key. To use the alternate function, press the GOLD
key and then that function key.
For example, CUT is the standard function of the VTlOO keypad key labeled
"6". PASTE is the alternate function of this key. To use the CUT function,
you press the CUT function key:

r----'"'

I
CUT
I
L.!:~T~)--+- CUT operation performed

To use the PASTE function, press the GOLD key and then the PASTE
function key:

r----""'

I GOLD ~ +

'-----..J

r----,I

CUT

L~As2:__,

--+- PASTE operation performed

Throughout this chapter, a statement such as "Use the PASTE function key"
assumes that you use the GOLD key and then the PASTE function key.
Figure 10-2 shows that there are four arrow keys at the top right of the VTlOO
keyboard. These arrow keys let you move the cursor about in the text. In
addition, the LINE FEED and BACK SPACE keys have special functions in
keypad mode. You can also use several CONTROL functions by pressing the
CTRL key ( ( CTRL ) ) and one of several alphabetic character keys.

10-2

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

The keys in the diagrams are enclosed by solid lines. Functions are shown
with broken lines. The result of a keypad operation is shown with an arrow.
For example, if you are told to "press the GOLD function key on the keypad
and then the 7 key on the keyboard," the diagram looks like this:

,--GO~~~; +
I

'-------'

o ___.

!he next function y~u use
is performed seven times.

There are 36 KEYPAD functions that you can perform with the VT52, 38 with
the VTlOO.

10.2 Starting and Ending an Editing Session
You can use keypad editing only if you have a VT52 or VTlOO terminal. When
you enter change mode with these terminals, the default is keypad editing.

10.2.1 Beginning the Editing Session
When you type the CHANGE command, you can begin editing with the
keypad immediately. If you are editing an existing file, a copy of the file's
contents appears on the screen. If you are creating a new file, the screen clears
for your input. All entries that you make on the keyboard are entered as text
before the cursor.
The following describes how to start change mode and enter text. The asterisk
(*) shows that you are already using EDT. Type CHANGE after the asterisk
prompt:
*CHANGE~

The screen becomes blank, since there is no text in the new file. The cursor
appears in the upper left of the screen. The message [EOB] shows that you are
at the end of the buffer in the new file. What you type appears before the
cursor. For example, enter the following text:

(
\

Here is an exa1r1Ple~
of ho1,.1 to enter~
text 1,.iith the ~~e}'Pad.~

CEOBJ

~---------~----------10.2.2 What it Means to Save or Delete Edits
The edits that you make during an EDT editing session are stored in a text
buffer. When you "save" or "delete" edits, you are really saving or deleting
the contents of the text buffer. Therefore, when you create a new file, you
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-3

Figure 10-1: The VT52 Keypad and Its Functions

A. The Keypad

r-----r-----,-----r-----1

I
I

GOLD

HELP

I
I

DEL L
UND L

I
1

UP
REPLACE

I
I

~-----+------f-----~------~
I
I
I
I
f

PAGE

I
I

I COMMAND I
1
I

FNDNXT

DEL W

DOWN

FIND

UND W

SECT

II
I
I

J------~------~------~-----4
I
I
I
I

I
I

ADVANCE
BOTTOM

I
I

BACKUP
TOP

DEL C
UND C

I
I
I

RIGHT
SPECINS

I
I
I

~-----+-----~-----+-----~
I
I
I
I
I
I

WORD

I CHNGCASE I

EOL
DEL EOL

I
1

CUT

LEFT

PASTE

APPEND

I
I

LINE

SELECT

ENTER

OPEN LINE

RESET

SUBS

I
I

r------·------+-----J------1
I

B. Keypad Functions

l0-4

I
L--- - -

I
I

I
I
:

- - - _ _ _ _J _ _ ---..L.-----J

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Figure 10-2: The VTlOO Keypad and Its Functions

A. The Keypad and the Arrow Keys

r- - - - - - r- - - - - - 1-- - - - - T- - - - - I
:
I
I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
DOWN

LEFT

I
I
I
I

RIGHT

I
I
I

~------~------~------~-----~

r - - - - - 1 - - - - - - T - - - - - - i--- ---,
I
I
I
I
I
:
I

:
I

GOLD

I
I

HELP

J__ ____

FNDNXT
FIND

I
I

DELL
UND L

I
I

--1- --- - - _._ --- - - -t- --- -- -1
I

I
I

I
PAGE
I COMMAND
I
1

I
I
I

SECT
FILL

I
APPEND
REPLACE

I
I
I
I

DEL W
UND W

I
I
I

I
I

t-- ----+--- --- -t------t- ---- -~
I
I

l BACKUP

ADVANCE
BOTTOM

TOP

I
CUT
PASTE

I
:

I
DEL C
UND C

:
I

t------+---- -;------+------I
I

: CHNGCASE

... -

EOL

CHAR

DEL EOL

SPECINS

WORD

_ J._ -

I
I

-t - - - - - -t
I

B. Keypad Functions

ENTER
SUBS

I
I

LINE

SELECT

OPEN LINE

I
I

RESET

L___________ L _____ L ____ ~I
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-5

decide whether or not to store the text buffer copy as the new file. When you
work on a copy of an existing file, you decide whether to incorporate your edits
into the file or to delete your work from the editing session.

10.2.3 Saving Your Edits
You can save the edits you make during a keypad editing session several ways.
One way is to press CfRL/zJ to return to line mode. At this point you type EXIT
after the asterisk and press the ENTER function key on the keypad.
Another way to save your edits is to press GOLD and then the COMMAND
function key. Type EXIT after the prompt and press the ENTER function
key:

COMMAND:

r----,

E}< IT I
1

ENTER 1
SUBS I

'------'

Whether you type EXIT in line mode or after the COMMAND prompt, you
save the file with your edits and exit EDT.

10.2.4 Deleting Your Edits
You can delete all the edits you make during a keypad editing session two
ways. First, you can return to line mode by pressing (CTRL/z) and type QUIT
after the asterisk.
Second, you can press GOLD and then the COMMAND function key. Type
QUIT after the prompt and press the ENTER function key:

COMMAND:

OU IT

r-----,

1 ENTER I
I _____
SUBS ..JI
\..

Both ways delete all your edits and end your session with EDT.

10.3 Essential Functions
These functions are either required for or basic to keypad operations.
GOLD

The GOLD function causes EDT to perform the alternate (lower) function on
any of the keypad keys. Use GOLD by pressing the GOLD function key and
then a keypad key.
The following example shows how the GOLD function is used in a PASTE

10-6

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

operation (to actually perform this operation, you need information described
later in this chapter) :

r----""\

____

1
I
I\.... GOLD .)1

r-----,
+ ! ______

1
I CUT
Contents of paste buffer
..... PASTE ) ' - -... inserted into the text buffer.

As shown above, when you press the GOLD key and then the key for the
alternate function, the function is performed.
GOLD remains in effect until you press one of the other keypad keys. To
cancel the effect of GOLD, press the RESET function key.
GOLD also lets you execute a function any given number of times. First, press
GOLD and enter a number from the keyboard. This number appears at the
bottom left of the screen and remains until you complete the operation. Press
a keypad key for the function you want .Performed:

r----,,

GOLD

I +

L----~

,r-DEL-c-""1
Seven characters
+ I UND C 1 _ _,..deleted.

~----J

If you make a mistake in the middle of this operation, you can edit what you

have typed two ways:
• To delete the last character typed, press ®·
• To delete the entire operation, press (CTRL/u) •
Note, however, that the preceding operation is executed when you press the
last function key in the operation (DEL C in this example). Neither ® nor
(CTRL/ul will undo an operation once it is executed.

HELP
Pressing the HELP function key causes a picture of keypad functions and
CONTROL key descriptions to appear on your screen. When you then press
one of the keypad keys, EDT displays a description of the standard and
alternate functions of that key.
At this point you can:
• Return to the keypad diagram by pressing the RETURN key
• Get help on another keypad key by pressing the key
• Exit from HELP by typing a space
When you exit from HELP, you return to keypad editing. The cursor stays in
the same location while you use HELP.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-7

RESET
You can use RESET to cancel the effects of the GOLD and SELECT functions or any key sequence that is partially entered. To use RESET, press
GOLD and then the RESET function key. RESET restores the keypad to the
way it was before your last command.
For example, suppose you enter a sequence of functions and then decide
against using it. The following example shows how to cancel the sequence:

r----'"\

r----'"'

r----,

I~----~
GOLD ~ + ~ + ~ GOLD I + l_~i~~TJ
L ____ J
,
The repeat operation is cancelled by the GOLD and RESET key sequence.
Thus, you can use RESET to cancel any operation that has not yet been
executed. RESET will not undo an operation once it is performed.

10.4 Inserting Text and Lines
You can enter text into the text buffer as soon as you are in the keypad editing
part of change mode.

10.4.1 Entering Text
Whatever you type on the keyboard when doing keypad editing is inserted
directly before the cursor as text. Enter change mode by typing CHANGE
after the line mode asterisk prompt and pressing the RETURN key:

* CHANGE(iiEi')
Then type in text at the keyboard:

(This

is Line 1.~
This is Line 2. trim
This is Line 3. trim
.This is Line a • tBfO

\__[EOBl

10-8

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

__)

10.4.2 Using OPEN LINE
You can use OPEN LINE to insert a RETURN after the cursor. The cursor
position does not change. If the cursor is at the beginning or end of a line, the
effect of this function is to insert a blank line:

(

This
This
This
This

is
is
is
is

Line 1 •
Line 2.
Line 3.
Line a.

CEO BJ

"------------~------------_)
r----'"'

r----~

L____ J

(

GOLD

This
This
This
This

is
is
is
is

LINE

~~EN~~~

r----""'
GOLD I
L_ ____ )

r-----"'

LINE

l':_P!~-=I~~

Line 1 •
Line 2.
Line 3.
Line a.

"-------------------------------J
CEOBJ

Notice that EDT inserts two blank lines after the cursor, one for each
OPEN LINE operation.
If the cursor is in the middle of a line, EDT moves any text at the right of the

cursor down to the beginning of the next line:

(

This
This
This
This

is
is
is
is

Line
!Qin e
Line
Line

2+
3+

"------------~------------J
[ EOB J

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-9

(

This
This
Line
This
This

is Line 1 •
is
2.

is Line 3.
is Line a.

[EOB J

\__

__)

-----------~~~-----------------

10.5 Moving the Cursor
The functions in this section let you move the cursor and set the direction of
cursor movement during your editing session.

10.5.1 The Arrow Keys
You can move the cursor up, down, to the left, and to the right with the four
arrow keys. These keys are found on the VT52 keypad and on the VTlOO
keyboard.

r--"'
UP

;

'---J

The UP (up arrow) function key moves the cursor to the character in the line
above. If the line above does not extend to the present cursor position, EDT
places the cursor at the end of the line. The cursor moves to the original
character space when successive lines extend that far. For example:

This is the lonsest of the three lines.
This is a 1 in e.
This is a slishtlY lenser line.rm

\
_)

r--1
I t I
I
I
\.. _ _,I

~
10-10

This is the lonsest of the three 1 in es.
This is a line<:t
This is a slishtlY lenser 1 in e.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

__)

r--"'

I\..

__t

..)I

This is the lonsest of the threl lines.
This is a line.
This is a sliShth' lonser line.

~-------------------------~

The following diagrams illustrate cursor movement with the UP function key.
The first frame shows the original cursor position, and the second frame shows
what happens when you press the UP function key twice:

(
This is an examPle of
how the arrow KeYs

}_'O_'_J_·~-\0-1-Je__t_h_e__c_l_tr_s_o_r_.__________________________________J

\_____
le_t__

r--"
t I

(2 times)

\__..)

(

This is I~ example of
how the arrow KeYs

"-.
___l_e_t__Y_o_u__m_o_v_e__t_h_e__c_u__r_s_o_r_.________________________________

r-~

DOWN

\...

__
+

I
I
_)

The DOWN (down arrow) function key moves the cursor to the character
below. If the line does not extend to the present cursor position, EDT places
the cursor at the end of the line. The cursor moves to the original character
space when successive lines extend that far.
The following diagrams illustrate cursor movement with the DOWN function
key. The first frame shows the original cursor position, and the second frame
shows what happens when you press the DOWN function key once.
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-11

(

This is in examPle of
how the arrow keYs
let )'OU Move the cursor.

__)

~--------~~---------

r-·-"

I i I
I
I
\._,_.J

(

This is
hoi..1 the
let you

n exa1t1Ple of
rroi..1 ke>'S
ove the cursor.

\_---------~~------------)
r-,

LEFT

I
I
I +- I
\.. __ J

The LEFT {left arrow) function key moves the cursor to the preceding character. When the cursor is on the left margin, EDT moves the cursor after the
rightmost character on the line above.
The following diagrams illustrate cursor movement with the LEFT function
key. The first frame shows the original cursor position, and the second frame
shows what happens when you press the LEFT 'unction key four times:

(

This is an eKaMPle of
how the @rrow KeYs
let you 111ove the cursor.

~------------------------r-"'
I +- I
I
\..._.J

10-12

(4 times)

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

(

This is an exaMPle of
how lhe arrow KeYs
let You 1T101Je the cursor.

~~·-------------------

,---~

RIGHT

I
I
I -+ I
\..,,
_)

The RIGHT (right arrow) function key moves the cursor to the next character.
When the cursor is after the rightmost character of the line, EDT moves the
cursor to the first character on the next line.
The following diagrams illustrate cursor movement with the RIGHT key. The
first frame shows the original cursor position, and the second frame shows
what happens when you press the RIGHT key three times:

(
This is an exaMPle of
how lhe arrow KeYs
let ~ou Move the cursor.

,-""
i
~
-+

(3 times)

'---J

(
This is an exaMPle of
ho1A1 thej\arro1,.1 •\e>'S
let You Move the cursor.

~~----------------------~
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-13

10.5.2 Setting the Direction of Cursor Movement
ADVANCE and BACKUP change the direction in which the cursor moves.
The following functions are affected by ADVANCE and BACKUP:
CHAR
LINE

WORD
EOL

FIND
PAGE

FNDNXT
SECTION

CHNGCASE
SUBSTITUTE
TAB ADJUST

ADVANCE
ADVANCE sets the cursor direction forward. The cursor direction is toward
the end of the text buffer, that is, to the right and down.
ADVANCE is the default direction of cursor movement. This default remains
in effect until you press BACKUP.

BACKUP
BACKUP sets the cursor direction backward. The direction of cursor movement is toward the start of the text buffer, that is, to the left and up. When
you select BACKUP, it remains in effect until you press the ADVANCE
function key.

10.5.3 Movement by Entity
You can move the cursor by entity; the direction depends on your
advance/backup mode status.

CHAR (Character)
CHAR moves the cursor one character to the right or left. When necessary, the
cursor moves up or down a line to move to the next character. For example:

r----"
CHAR
I

tfo 1.1 e the cursor.

L~:.C..!_N!J

Mp\1 e

the

cursor.

The CHAR function is available with the VTlOO only.

WORD
WORD moves the cursor one word forward or one word back. When the cursor
is at the end of a line and the direction for the move carries off the end of the
line, the cursor moves to the next line. For example:

r-----1
I

Mp\1 e t h e

10-14

curs or •

WORD

L~HN~CAS:_)

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

EOL (End Of Line)

EOL moves the cursor forward to the end of the current line, or backward to
the end of the previous line. The cursor movement includes any blank spaces
before the last line terminator. For example:

r-----"'
EOL

I
Mo 1.1 e #h e c u r s o r •

L~.:.:.:>.:J

Mo1.1e the cursor

LINE

LINE moves the cursor down to the start of the next line or up to the start of
the previous line (in other words, to the left hand margin). When the editor is
in backup mode, the cursor moves to the beginning of the line the cursor is on.
When you press the key again, the cursor moves to the beginning of the
preceding line. For example:

(

Move the cursor.0

..J
~---------------------------T r }' a n o t h e r l i n e\'.

Here's }'et another line.

r-----""'
LINE
1

LOP~-~ ~I~':)

(

(2 times)

Mo1.1e the cursor.
TrY another line.

"----H-\e--re--'s__}_'e_t__a_r_1o_t_h_e_r__l_i_n_e_._________________________________J_

BACK SPACE

BACK SPACE places the cursor at the beginning of the line, that is, at the
leftmost character position. For example:

Move the cursor

BACK
SPACE

move the cursor.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-15

10.5.4 Movement Throughout the Buffer
You can move the cursor to the top or bottom of the text buffer, or by sections
and pages.
PAGE

PAGE moves the cursor to the top of the next page. You can define the page
delimiter with the SET command. The default delimiter for a page is form
feed, an ASCII character that determines the start of each line printer page.
(Refer to Appendix C for a list of ASCII character codes.) The direction of
cursor movement depends on your advance/backup mode status.
SECTION

SECTION moves the cursor one 16-line section. The direction depends on
your advance/backup mode status.
TOP

TOP positions the cursor at the top of the text buffer. EDT displays text for as
many lines as you set with the SET SCREEN command. (See Chapter 8 for a
description of the SET SCREEN command.) If you do not set the number of
lines to be displayed on the screen, the default of 22 lines appears.
BOTTOM

BOTTOM positions the cursor at the bottom of the text buffer. EDT displays
text for as many lines as you set with the SET SCREEN command. (See
Chapter 8 for a description of the SET SCREEN command.) If you do not set
the number of lines to be displayed on the screen, the default of 22 lines
appears.

10.6 Finding Text
The functions in this section let you locate strings of characters.
FIND

FIND prompts with "Search for:" on the lower left of your screen. Press
GOLD and then the FIND function key to use this function. You enter
the desired string through the keyboard and end the string either with
an ADVANCE or BACKUP request to set the direction of search, or with
ENTER to use the direction currently specified. For example:

,..-----,
r----'""
Il ______
GOLD ~ + I FNDNXT I
J
L_FIND_ )
10-16

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Search for:

After the prompt, enter the text you want to find and set the direction of the
search with ADVANCE or BACKUP:

Search for:

1,.1ord

r-----"""
BACKUPI

_____

I\... TOP

,)I

The string you enter in response to the FIND prompt is stored in the search
string buffer. This buffer is also used for the FNDNXT, SUBSTITUTE, CUT,
CHNGCASE, and REPLACE functions.
FNDNXT (Find Next)

FNDNXT searches for the string that is stored in the search buffer. For
example, if the last search string you used in a FIND operation was "word",
pressing FNDNXT would cause a search for the next occurrence of "word".
You can search forward or backward; the direction depends on your
advance/backup mode status. EDT stores the search string in a buffer until
you enter a new search string or exit EDT.
Examples:
You can use FIND and FNDNXT to search for occurrences of the word "the"
in the following text:

(

U~e

the FIND function to locate
the first occurrence of the search

"----s-t_r_i_r-18_•__a_n_d--us_e__F_N_D_N_X_T__
t_h_e_re_a_f_t_e_r_._____________________

When you press GOLD and the FIND function key, you are prompted for a
search string:

r-----,

r----,

I\... _____
GOLD JI

I FNDNXT 1
l_FIN_D_
J
....

Search for:

Type "the" and press ADVANCE:

Search for:

the

r----""'

I ADVANCEI

L~TTOM J

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-17

The cursor moves forward to the first occurrence of the search string:

r
\

Use £he FIND function to locate
the first occurrence of the search
strinst and use FNDNXT thereafter.

__}

"--------------~----------Pressing the FNDNXT function key moves the cursor to the next occurrence:

(FNDNxrl
I FIND
I

"-----J

(

Use the FIND function to locate
ffihe first occurrence of the search

l_ts-e~F-N_D_N_X_'T~-t-h_e_r_e_a_f_t_e_r_.~---------------------_J

"------s-t_r_i_n_s_t__a_n_d__

You can repeat the FNDNXT function:

( FNDN°xri
1 FIND
L____ ..JI

(

Use the FIND function to locate
the first occurrence of $he search

a_r_1d--u-1s-e~-F-N._D_N_X_T__t_h_e_r_e_a_f_t_e_r_·~--~-----------------_J-

"-------s-t_r_i_r-18_t__

If you want to search backward, press the BACKUP function key and then

press FNDNXT:

10-18

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

(

Use the FIND function to locate

£he first occurrence of the s~arch

a_n_d~us_e__F_N_D_N_X_T__t_h_e-re_a_f_t_e_r_._____________________,}

"-.
___,.,s_"'·t_r_i_r-18_t__

10. 7 Deleting and Reinserting Text
These functions let you delete text from a buffer and reinsert deleted text.
Each of the functions that delete characters, words, or lines stores these entities in buffers for possible reinsertion. The functions are also useful for moving
these entities of text about in the buffer.

Deleting and Reinserting by Character

10. 7 .1

DELETE

The DELETE key, which is located on the keyboard, lets you delete the
character to the immediate left of the cursor. When the cursor is at the
leftmost character position on a line, EDT deletes the line terminator to the
left and moves the text on the line to the right of the text in the line above.
The following is an example of how to delete the characters preceding the
cursor:

(DEL)

1.-1 or

(DEL)

1.-10

'"'

(DEL)

1.-1 tt

DEL C (Delete Character)

DEL C lets you delete the character that the cursor is on and stores it in the
character buffer. For example:

r----""
DEL C I

____

I\.... UNO C .,/I

UND C (Undelete Character)

UND C reinserts the character that was deleted by the last DEL C or
DELETE command. You are therefore able to replace a character that you
accidentally deleted. For example:

r----,
:f d

1
'"

____ I

:\... GOLD ..)

r-----"

_____

I DEL C I
I\. UNO C ..)I

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-19

DEL C and UND C are useful for correcting typographical errors. For example, you can use DEL C to delete a misplaced character:

r----.,

DEL C

L~~-~J

charc:l:ter

charc\Ker

Move the cursor to the character's proper location and then press GOLD and
UNDC:

r----""

ch a di(t er

1\,

____ _

I
GOLD .)I

r----""'\

____

I DEL C I
+ I\.. UNO C _,)I

c h a r )i,f c t e r

1O.7 .2 Deleting and Reinserting by Word
LINE FEED

LINE FEED deletes the characters from the cursor back to the beginning of
the word. EDT does not delete the character that the cursor is on. When the
cursor is at the first letter in a word, EDT deletes the preceding word and the
trailing spaces.
The LINE FEED function works as follows:
Here is a LINE FEED%

(LiNEl
~
Here is a LI NE)::

DEL W (Delete Word)

DEL W deletes the text up to the first character of the next word. Each
DEL W operation clears the contents of the word buffer and inserts a new
entry. For example:
Delete a @erY larse word.

Delete a @arse word.
r----~

DELW

I UNO W I

'-------'
D e 1 e t e a :$:0 r d •
10-20

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

The word buffer now contains the word "large", which replaces the word
"very" from the previous DEL W operation.
UND W (Undelete Word)

UND W inserts the contents of the word buffer in front of the cursor in the
current buffer. The word buffer contains the text deleted by the last DEL W
(keypad function) or LINE FEED (keyboard command). You are therefore
able to replace a word that you accidentally deleted. For example:
De 1 e t e a @o r d •

r----,

r----~

I DEL W

1
I\.. ____
GOLD I +
_J
L_UN~W J

De 1 e t e a \\\~\\a r 8 e

DEL W and UND W are especially useful when words are misplaced. You can
delete a word, move it to the proper location, and undelete it as follows:
1. Delete the word with DEL W:
T h e f i r s t t h r e e a P P 1 i c an t s a r e B a Re r , \An d e r s o n , an d C a r t e r •
r----~

DEL W

L_~JN~

T h e f i r s t t h r e e a P P 1 i c an t s a r e B a ~~ e r , !@n d C a r t e r •

2. Move the cursor where you want to reinsert the deleted word.
r--~

I ..--

I (7 times)

I
\...._,.!

T h e f i r s t t h r e e a P P 1 i c a n t s a r e ]:fa ~~ e r t a n d C a r t e r •

3. Press GOLD and then the UND W function key.

r----""
1
GOLD

I
I\... _ _ _ _ J I

r----~

____
DEL W

I UNO W _)I
\..

T h e f i r s t t h r e e a P P 1 i c an t s a r e \A\n d e r s o n , B a ~~ e r , an d Ca r t e r •

10. 7 .3 Deleting and Reinserting by Line
CTRL/U

CTRL/U deletes the text from the cursor position to the beginning of the line.
When the cursor is at the leftmost character position on a line, EDT deletes
the line above. EDT loads the deleted text into the line buffer.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-21

This sentence is useless. $his

sentence is better.

lhis sentence is better.

DEL EOL (Delete to End Of Line)

DEL EOL deletes all the characters to the right of the cursor, up to the end of
the line, including the character on which the cursor is positioned. If you are
at the end of a line, DEL EOL deletes the next line. The DEL EOL function
works as follows:
Here is §ne line of
text for the exaMPle.

,-----"'

_____

I GOLD I
I\..
.)I

r-----~

EOL

_____

I DEL EOL .)I
\..

Here is)
text for the exaMPle.

DEL L (Delete through end of Line)

DELL deletes the text from the cursor position through the next line terminator. The first character of the following line moves up to the cursor.
Here is ine line of
text for the exaMPle.

r----""'
DELL 1

UNO L

~--·--...)

Here is @ext for the exaMPle.

UND L (Undelete Line)

UND L reinserts the text deleted by the last CTRL/U, DEL EOL, DELL, or
UND L command. You can therefore replace a line that you accidentally
deleted.

10-22

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

The following example shows how UND L restores the contents of the buffer
after the DEL L function was performed:
Here is lext for the exaMPle.

,----"'
Ir-----"'
GOLD ; + I DEL L I
'------)

LJJ!iQ..b..J

Here is ine line of
text for~the exaMPle.

10.8 Selecting and Moving Text
This section describes how to use a select range for moving text about in a
text buffer.
SELECT

SELECT lets you mark one end of a string for cutting, appending, or replacing. You mark one end of the string by pressing the SELECT function key.
Then you move the cursor to the other end of the string and press the CUT,
APPEND, or REPLACE function key. (The search string directly precedes,
but does not include, the cursor position.)
On a VTlOO you can see what characters are in the range you select because a
VTlOO select range appears in reverse video. The following occurs when you
press the SELECT function key and move the cursor down two lines:

(

Th i s i s :fin

e x a lrl P l e
of a select ranSet
which is in reverse

"---vi-de_o·--------~~---------------_}

,----,

r--,~

I SELECT I + I i
1.._ R~E!__J

(

l ___ J

iilln1itl''!'~~!~i~
video.

r--,

•

L---'

~~-----------------------------------~
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-23

CUT
CUT deletes the selected string from the file and stores it in the paste buffer.
This function is especially convenient when you want to delete or move large
sections of text. The selected string is all the text between the cursor location
when SELECT was pressed and the position the cursor was moved to.
The following example shows one of the uses of CUT:
1. Mark the first character to be CUT by pressing the SELECT function key.

r----"'

I SELECT I

L~~:_T_J

(

Here
Here
This
T hi s

is some text.
is ®ome text to CUT and PASTE.
line stays here.
i s t he 1a s t 1 i n e s o f a r •

'--------------~---------------Then move the cursor with the WORD function key to the end of the
string of characters:

r-----"
WORD
I

l9.t!~~9~sEJ

(

Here
He r e
This
This

(3 times)

is ~ome text.
i s :::~::P.M!i:i!i!::::J,!i'.:i@::)))!:rn::§:)] cu T an d PA s TE •
line staYs here.
is the last line so far.

~~--------~----------2. Press the CUT function key. The text disappears from the screen:

r----,

CUT

L.!AST~j

(
\

Here
Here
This
This

is some text.
is i¢UT and PASTE.
line staYs here.
is the last line so far.

'--~--------~---------10-24

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

The text you cut stays in the paste buffer until you do another CUT
operation or until you end the editing session. In the previous example,
the words "some text to" are stored in the paste buffer.
If you do a search for some text and then press CUT, the search string is

moved into the paste buffer.
1. Press the GOLD key and the FIND function key.

r----"'I r FNDNxri
i

\...

____
GOLD

FIND

"------'

2. Type the search string after the prompt and press ENTER.
Search for:

CUT and PASTE.

r ENTER-")

I ____
SUBS .JI
\...

The cursor moves to the first character in the search string:

(

Here
Here
This
This

is soMe text.
is @UT and PASTE.
line stays here.
is the last line so far.

------------------~~---------------

3. When you press CUT, the search string disappears from the screen.

r----,

CUT

L!AST~j

(

Here is soMe text.
Here i
This line stays here.

\._ This is the last line so far.

------------~~~----------~

.-.

The new search string (CUT and PASTE) replaces whatever was in the
paste buffer.
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-25

PASTE
PASTE inserts the contents of the paste buffer in front of the cursor position.
If you wanted to cut the first line in the following example and move it down

two lines, you would put the first line in a select range with the SELECT and
LINE functions. You then press CUT:

(

Jile re

is a line to CUT and PASTE.
Here is soMe text.
This line stays here.

~---T~h-i-s--is__t_h_e__l_a_s_t__l_i_r-1e~s-o~f-a_r_.___________________..._...--~__)

(

'1!!'~¥1~l!!lf!W!ifii!M!tt~M!~~!!@l!1t111%'l!~! ilti#~J!gj!i
aere is SOMe text+
This line staYs here.

\...... This is the last line so far,

r-----,
I CUT
I

_____

I\.. PASTE .)I

(

)ifere is soMe text.

This line staYs here.
\........ This is the last line so far.

10-26

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Then you press the down arrow key twice, and press GOLD and the PASTE
function key:

,-""
I

•

r----'"'

I (2 times)

\. __ .J

(

GOLD

I +

\.. _ _ _ _ _J

r----""'
CUT
I

____

1
\.. PASTE _)I

Here is soMe text.
This line staYs here.
Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.

l_i1-1e~s-o~f-a_r_.____________________________J_

"-.
___
:+_:h_i_s__i_s__t_h_e__l_a_s_t__

If you press GOLD and PASTE again, you duplicate the line:

r----""
;

GOLD

r----1

CUT
I
I + I•\..____
PASTE ...JI

'-----..I

(
~

Here
This
Here
Here
\:f his

is s 01r1e text.
here.
is a line to CUT and PASTE.
is a line to CUT and PASTE.
is the last 1 in e so far.

1 in e sta}'S

_J·

APPEND
APPEND deletes the selected string from the current buffer and stores it at
the end of the paste buffer. The selected string is the text between the
SELECT entry and the cursor position at the time when you press APPEND.
For example, assume that you want to append the fourth line to the first two
lines in the following example and move all three lines to the end of the text
buffer:

(

l~re

This
Here
Here
This

is soMe text.
line staYs here.
is a line to CUT and PASTE.
is a line to CUT and PASTE.
is the last line so far.

~-----------------------------J
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-27

The procedure to append is as follows:
1. Mark the first two lines with a select range:
r-"'"\

(

I
I
I i 1
\,.. _)

(2 times)

11111~:11111!.lll·i~ll~~l·llllli:ll!~t.~ll~ll~l:~.l··l~:,!!]t

Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.
Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.
This is the last line so far.

__}

~~---------~~---------2. Put the contents of the select range into a paste buffer by pressing the
CUT function key:

r----"'
1

CUT
PASTE

I
I

"-----J

(

H'ere is a line to CUT and PASTE,

Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.

i_s~t-h-e~l-a-s~t~l-i_r_.e~s-o~f-a_r_.___________________________~__,}

\..____T_h_i_s__

3. Move the cursor to the line that you want to append:

r-"'I

I\_ _ • _JI

(
\

Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.
Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.
This is the last line so far.

~----------~---------J

10-28

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

4. Put the line to be appended in a select range:

r-----,

r----~

I SELECT ; +

L~ESET_.J

(

L~~~~IN~

Here is a line to CUT and PASTE.
Jij:tr~:t::fuour:emtJ

This is the last line so far.

__)

:10.une:2iw~

LINE

Jij:::t:iawtJFM@:r:::o.:um

~---------~----------Now press the APPEND function key. The line disappears from the screen
and is stored in a buffer. The text now reads:

(

B~re

is a line to CUT and PASTE.
This is the last line so far.

___)

~~---------------------

5. Move the cursor to the end of the file and press the GOLD and PASTE
function keys:

r----,

____

~\.. GOLD _)'

(
~

Here
This
Here
This
Here

r-----,
CUT
I

I
+

1\. _____
PASTE .JI

is a line to CUT and PASTE.
is the last line so far.
is S Oltle text.
line sta>'s here.
is a line to CUT and PASTE.

!(!!.

'
_)

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-29

10.9 Replacing and Substituting Text
The following two functions, REPLACE and SUBS, are similar.

REPLACE
REPLACE deletes the text that you put in a select range and replaces it with
the contents of the paste buffer. The following example shows how to replace
the word "brown" with the words "red and white" in the following sentence:
The quick brown fox JuMPed over the lazy dos.

The steps are as follows:
1. Press the SELECT function key and type the words "red and white ":

jsELEcrj

____

I RESET ..)1
\...

2. Press CUT to store the phrase in a buffer:
r----'"'\

CUT

Il_ ____
PASTE .)I

lhe quick brown fox JuMPed over the lazy dos.

3. Move the cursor to the word you want to replace and put this word in a
select range:

r-----,
WORD

1 (2 times)

~H~E~~':J

("seLecTi

____

\...
I RESET ..)1

The quidt #MMU#Uox Ju1T1Ped over the laZ}' dos.

4. Press GOLD and the REPLACE function key. The sentence shows the
change you made:
r-----"'\
:
\..

_____ I
GOLD

The quick jed and white fox JuMPed over the lazy dos.

10-30

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

You can also use the FIND function in REPLACE operations. In the following
example, the word "silver" replaces the strings "red and white" and "lazy".
1. Press the SELECT key and enter some text:
( SELEcTi

L~ESET_j
\m!!!~U!]!(Ht!@!h e q u i c k r e d an d

1,.1

h i t e f ox

j u !Tl Pe d

o '·' e r t h e 1 a z }' do s •

2. Press CUT to place the text in a buffer:

r-----,

____

I
CUT
1
I PASTE ....)I
\..

filhe quick red and white fox juMPed over the lazy dos.

3. Use FIND to locate the text you want to replace:

r-----"'

r----~

____

: GOLD :
\...
....)

I FNDNXT I
I\... FIND
..)I

_____

The FIND function causes a prompt to appear on your screen:
(AoVANcEi

red and 1,.1 h i t e L~OT20~

search f o r :

The sentence reads:
The quick ied and white fox juMPed over the lazy dos.

4. Press the GOLD key and the REPLACE function key to replace the
phrase "red and white" with the contents of the PASTE buffer:

r----'""1

r----~

t ____
GOLD ...J1
L

I APPEND I
I\:.REPLACE
____ J I

The quick silver@fox juMPed over the lazy dos.

You can repeat the last two steps if you want to replace another word with
the contents of the PASTE buffer. Use FIND to locate the word "lazy"
and press GOLD and REPLACE again. The result is as follows:
The quick silver fox juMPed over the silver@dos.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-31

SUBS
SUBS lets you find a string of characters and replace it with the contents of
the paste buffer. SUBS works like the REPLACE function, except that the
SUBS function automatically includes a "find next" operation.
The next example shows how to change several times the phrase "a privileged
user" to "the operator" in the following frame:

(

(Text froM the Precedins

ParasraP~···>

To accoroPlish this, a Privilesed user or sYstem
manaser coPies the files. (If a Privilesed user does
so, the sYsteM roanaser should be informed.) The main
advantase of beins a Privilesed user is this easy
access to roost files on the system.

~---------~---------J
To make this change, place the new phrase in a paste buffer, find the existing
phrase, and substitute it throughout the paragraph. The steps are as follows:
1. Press the SELECT function key and type the words "the operator". This

puts the words you type in a SELECT range.

r-sELECT°"
I
I
I _____
RESET .JI
\.

(

:::1n1::~tI]~:::~:,:::~::1::M:~:::~:::

To accoMPlish this, a Privilesed user or system
1T1anaser coPies the files. (If a Privilesed user...

~~-------·-------------2. Press the CUT function key to store the words in a PASTE buffer. The

words disappear from the screen. (The words are removed from their location in the file to the PASTE buffer.)

r----°'
CUT
I

____

I\._ PASTE _)1

10-32

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

<Text froM the Precedins ParasraPh ••• )
To accoMPlish thist a PrivileSed user or sYsteM
Manaser copies the files. <If a Privilesed user •••

3. Move the cursor to the first occurrence of the phrase "a privileged user"
with the FIND function. You must use FIND (which places the phrase in a
search buffer) in order for subsequent SUBS operations to work.

(

To accoMPlish this•

J~. Privile~ed

ManaSer copies the files.

user or sYst•M

<If a PrivileSed user •••

~~---------------------J
When you press GOLD and SUBS, the change is made and the cursor
moves to the next occurrence of the phrase:

r----.,

i ENTER-i
l\... ____
GOLD l +
L_s~~s_J
.)

(

To accoMPlish thist lhe oPerator or sYsteM
Manaser coPies the file. <If a Privilesed user
does sot the sYsteM Manaser should be inforMed.)

~------------------------)
4. Continue to substitute the phrase throughout the paragraph by pressing
SUBS. If you want to skip an occurrence of the phrase, press FNDNXT
instead of SUBS.

10.1 O Entering Commands
ENTER
ENTER lets you enter commands and do searches when you use the FIND
and COMMAND functions.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-33

For example, you press GOLD and the FIND function key to prompt for a
search string:
r----""'\

r----""\

I FNDNXT I
I..._ _FIND
_ _ _ _JI

GOLD

I +
I _ _ _ _ _JI
\..

Se arch f o r :

When you type a string of characters, pressing ENTER saves the string and
causes a search for it:
r----"""\
Search for:

1,.1ord

____

ENTER I
I\.. SUBS _)1

When you press the COMMAND function key and type in a command, pressing ENTER executes the command.
COMMAND

COMMAND lets you enter EDT command level and line editing commands.
Press the COMMAND function key and type in these commands at the keyboard. To execute the commands, press the ENTER function key. For
example:
1. Press the GOLD key and then the COMMAND function key. The

COMMAND prompt appears at the bottom of the screen.
r----~

r-----~

PAGE

IL -GOLD
I +
COMMAND I
---.J
\.: ___ .__ J
1
I

COMMAND:

2. Type a command level command, which appears after the prompt:
COMMAND: SET NOTRUNCATE

3. Press the ENTER function key to execute the command.
Upon completion of a line editing command, the screen is updated as required
and you return to keypad editing. If you enter a command such as EXIT or
QUIT and press the ENTER function key, you end the EDT editing session.

10.11 Special Characters, Changing Case, and Filling Lines
These functions let you insert special characters, change characters to uppercase or lowercase, and perform a FILL operation on a section of text.
SPECINS

SPECINS lets you insert non-printing ASCII characters into your text. (See
Appendix C for a list of ASCII character code decimal equivalents.) Press the
GOLD key, enter the decimal representation of the ASCII character at the
keyboard, and then press the SPECINS key.
10-34

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

For example, suppose you wanted to insert a line feed character into the file.
You would use the following procedure:
1. Press the GOLD key and type the ASCII numeric equivalent of the char-

acter. Line feed is ASCII 10.
2. Press the GOLD key and then the SPECINS function key.
SPECINS is the only way to insert a carriage return character without having
it interpreted as a line terminator.
CHNGCASE

CHNGCASE lets you change uppercase alphabetic characters to lowercase,
and the reverse. Press the GOLD key and the CHNGCASE function key to
change the case of the character the cursor is on:

,. ---'I + r------,
l
WORD I

I -CAiSE

'- G~~--J

lC~~~~~S~)

Note that the cursor moves one character to the right when you perform a
CHNGCASE operation. This happens when the editing status is ADVANCE,
which is the default. If EDT is in backup mode, the cursor moves one character to the left.
You can also change the case of text in a select range or a search string. If you
press CHNGCASE when the cursor is on a search string or select range, the
case of all these characters is changed:

r------,
I WORD I

r-----...I

1
I GOLD

'------"

l9_ti~~~S_E)

Here is IN EXAMPLE OF chanSinS case.

FILL

FILL fills the selected range of lines to the limit of the line width. This
function exists on the VTlOO as a keypad key and as CTRL/F on the VT52.
For example, you may want to limit the width of a section of text to 20
characters. The FILL function allows the maximum number of characters on
a line without breaking words:
1. Press the GOLD key and the COMMAND function key.

2. Type "SET WRAP 20" after the command prompt to limit the width of
the text in the select range. Then press the ENTER function key.
Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-35

3. SELECT the range of lines that should not exceed 20 characters in length.
Use the SELECT function key and move the cursor to the end of the range
of lines:

(

4. Now press the GOLD key and the FILL function key:

(

Here is soMe text across the Pase.
This text will be no
111ore than t1,.1ent)'
characters 1,.iide.
See ho1....i the FILL
function •...iodts?
lere, asain, is the resular Pase width.

\.--- 20 characters--.}

10.12 Control Character Functions
To use the control character functions, hold down the CTRL key while you
press the alphabetic character key.
CTRL/C

CTRL/C ends the current operation and returns you to the keypad command
level.
CTRL/U

CTRL/W refreshes the screen display. The screen becomes blank and then the
characters in the buffer r~appear. Refreshing the screen deletes extraneous
characters, such as from system messages or electronic mail, that might appear on the screen during your editing session.
CTRL/Z

CTRL/Z .returns you to the line mode prompt (*).

10-36

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

CTRL/A

CTRL/A sets the tab position to the present cursor position. If the present
cursor position is not a multiple of the SET TAB number, an error message
occurs.
CTRL/E

CTRL/E increases the TAB level one count, where the count is set by the
SET TAB command.
CTRL/D

CTRL/D decreases the TAB level one count, where the count is set by the
SET TAB command.
CTRL/T

CTRL/T performs a TAB ADJUST operation on a select range. The characters in the select range move one tab stop t<;> the right, unless you use a minus (-)
character to move the select range one tab stop to the left. You can also use a
repeat count for this function by pressing GOLD and a number from the
keyboard before pressing the CTRL/T.

NOTE
You can also use the GOLD key on the keypad, instead of the
CONTROL key on the keyboard, for the following functions:
CTRL/A
CTRL/D
CTRL/Z
CTRL/T

CTRL/E
CTRL/U
CTRL/W

For more information on these keys, see the description of the
SET TAB command in Chapter 8.
CTRL/K

CTRL/K lets you use the DEFINE KEY function. You can assign new functions to any of the keypad keys (except GOLD) and to all of the CONTROL
keys, except CTRL/C, CTRL/Y, CTRL/Z, and CTRL/K itself. See the following description of DEFINE KEY for more information.

10.13 DEFINE KEY Command
The DEFINE KEY command assigns functions to the keypad keys and the
control keys. You can redefine the value for all keypad keys (except GOLD)
and most control keys, and you can define new control keys. During keypad
character editing, use the CTRL/K function to define keys.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-37

The DEFINE KEY command for the command level has the form:
DEFINE KEY {CTRL/x: lGOLDJn} AS 'string'

where:
CTRL/x

refers to any CONTROL key combination, such as (CTRL/s) or
(CTRL/U) •

GOLD

refers to the GOLD keypad key, which lets you access the
alternate functions of the keypad keys.

refers to the number of the selected keypad key. See Figure
10-3.

To define the standard (non-GOLD) function for a keypad key, enter the key
number. To define the alternate function for a keypad key, press GOLD and
the key number.
Each of the keypad keys and CTRL keys has a string of characters associated
with it which define the function of the key. The string consists of nokeypad
character editing commands. When you define keys with the DEFINE KEY
command, the same rules apply as for nokeypad command strings:

1. A string can contain multiple commands.

2. A string ending in a period is executed immediately when you press the
key associated with that string.
3. If a string does not end in a period, EDT buffers it (holds it for execution)
until you enter a command that does end in a period.
4. You can precede a string with a question mark; the? prompts the user for
input.
Examples:
*DEFINE KEY 7 AS
*CHANGEIBf[)

+D~

This example uses the DEFINE KEY command to define a string without an
ending period. You define the standard function for keypad key 7 as delete
(keypad key 7=<D>); you provide the entity to be deleted through additional
key entries. EDT buffers the D function until you press a key with a definition
ending in a period, such as a function key.

10-38

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Figure 10-3: Keypad Numbers

r-----r-----1-----r-----,
I
I
I
I
I

GOLD

I
I
I

~-----+------i-----~------~
I
I
I
I

I
I

i------~------4------~-----~
I

I
I

~-- -- -l-- -- -~ -- --

I
I

I
I
I

I
I

-+-- -- --1
I

1
1

I
I

r- -----..L.--- ---+--- - -t--- ---1

I
I

r-- - - - -

VT52 Keypad

-r---- - - , - - - - - -T- - - - --,

I
I

1
1

~------1------~------L-----~

L - - - - -· - - - - - -

_.J_ -

I
I
I

---..+------ J

r - --- - 1 - - - - - - T - - - - - - 1-- - ---,
I

I
:

I
I

GOLD

I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I

l-- - - - - -1- - -- - - . . - - -- - - -t- -- - - - - -t
:
J

I
I

I
1

I
I

t-- --- -+--- --- - t------t- ---- --1
I

I
1

I
I

I------+- --- --f-- - - - -+- -- - -~
I

!
I

I
I

r-----L-----t-----i
I
I

VT100 Keypad

I
I

L___________ L _____ L ____ I
I

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-39

(

This
This
This

is
is
is

\J.h n e one.
line
line

tttJO •
three.

\___

(

This
This
This

is Q/1e.
is line
is line

t•...10.
three.

~~----------~~----------~
The cursor is positioned at the "l" in line one. You press function keys <D>
and <WORD>. (Nokeypad character editing command W. is the definition of
function key <WORD>.) EDT buffers +D until you press <WORD> and then
executes +D W. as a single command.
*DEFINE KEY GOLD
*CHANGE(fiED

1 AS ?'This

special

c111d: 'D+3W L TABffim

The alternate function for keypad key 1 is redefined with the ? character
followed by a string enclosed in single quote marks. When you use the redefined key, the quoted string is displayed at the bottom of the screen as a
prompt. Your message can be a reminder of the special function you have
assigned to the key. The command string does not end in a period and therefore the command string is buffered until you press a key whose function ends
with a period. The command string deletes 3 words, moves down one line, and
sets the tab for that line.
This prompting feature is used in a slightly different form in the FIND function, which is defined as:
"?'Search for:".'

Here, the quoted string prompts you for an input which can be up to 64
characters long. You end your search string input by pressing any keypad key.

10-40

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

The double quote marks are the nokeypad character editing form of the string
search command.
The DEFINE KEY command for the keypad editing level has the form:

EDT responds with:
Press the Key

YOU

wish to define

You select the key by pressing it.
EDT responds with:
Now enter the definition terMinated by ENTER

You enter the function definition using the rules for string entries. Enter the
definition, either using the nokeypad character editing commands or pressing
the keypad function keys. Your entries for the function appear at the bottom
of the screen. Press the ENTER function key when your command string is
complete. Use the SHOW KEY command to display the definition of the key.
Use @TI) to edit errors in the commands you type. You can use ©TRL/u) to cancel
the DEFINE KEY sequence.
You may use control characters in your key definition. When you press a
control key, the circumflex and control characters are inserted into the command string ((CTRL/zJ is entered as "Z). EDT inserts the circumflex character
combination for keys that generate control characters, such as t8ill and (ill,
(CTRL/M and (CTRL/J) respectively).
Examples:
Assume you are not a very good typist and frequently transpose characters. To
fix these errors manually, you delete the first character, move forward one
character, and retype the deleted character. After making another typing
error you decide to use the DEFINE KEY function to to make the correction
operation automatic.
This sentence has a trasnPosed letter.

Press the keypad key to be defined:

r----""'
; GOLD I
\...
.)

____

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-41

Then enter your definition, ending it with ENTER:
r----~

r--""\

DEL C

UNO C

I -+ I
I
I
\...,
_)

I
I

'-----J

r----"""
II

GOLD

\... ____ .J

r----,

DEL C

r-----,

L_ U~_9J

_____

ENTER I

I\.. SUBS

.)I

You enter ©TRL/K) and EDT prompts you with "Press the key you wish to
define". You press the keypad key (GOLDI 5 J, and EDT prompts you with
"Now enter the definition and end with ENTER". When you press keys to
define (GOLDI 1 J, the nokeypad editing values for those keys appears at the
bottom of the screen. The finished string is D+C+CUNDC., which disappears
from the screen when you press ENTER.
Move the cursor to the "s" in "trasnposed" and press (GOLDI 1). The "s" and
the "n" are transposed.
The next example shows how you use a defined key to insert a frequently used
word or phrase.

Press the Key you wish to define

r-----"I I 0 I

I
\..

_____

GOLD .)I

r-~

'--.J

Now enter the definition terMinated with ENTER:

IENIJIRONMENT

CTRL/Z

0
•

r----,

ENTER

L_~us~j

The finished string for your entry is IENVIRONMENT"Z., where the (CTRL/Zl is
displayed as "Z. The ©TRL/z), which ends the insert operation, could be entered
by typing "Z. Enter "Z when using the command level DEFINE KEY
command.
When you want to insert "ENVIRONMENT", press (GOLD/ 1 l
The next example shows how to define two keys to do multiple string substitutions in keypad character editing. This definition uses the? to prompt you for
both the search string and the substitute string. You define one key to accept
the search and substitute strings and do the first substitution and another key
to substitute for the next occurrence of the search string.

10-42

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Press the KeY You wish to define

Now enter the definition terMinated bY ENTER

S/?'SUBS:

'/?' WITH:

1111

Press the KeY YOU wish to define

Now enter the definition terMinated by ENTER

SN 1111 •

The first definition is a substitute command, and EDT prompts you for the
two strings when you press (CTRL/F). The pair of double quotes at the end of the
command string causes EDT to search for the next occurrence of the string. If
you enter a slash in either string, the command is invalid; the string is delimited by the slash. To avoid this, replace the slashes in the definition with a
character you are not likely to use in the strings, such as a control character.
The second definition is a substitute next command; it replaces the next
occurrence and searches for another one.
If you define a key as a series of commands and wish to use a repeat count

with the key, enclose the series of commands in parentheses. EDT builds a
command from your input and interprets your input when you press the key.

The function defined for this key is 'move to the beginning of the next line and
insert an asterisk.' Now suppose you used a repeat count of 10 to insert
asterisks at the beginning of the next 10 lines. The command EDT sees after
you press the keys is:
10+L I*···z.

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

10-43

The repeat count of 10 applies only to the +L command, so EDT moves
forward 10 lines and then inserts the asterisk. This is not what you had in
mind. Now change the definition to:
10C+L I* . . Z>.

The repeat count now appears in front of the left parentheses and the entire
string inside the parentheses is executed ten times. This has the desired effect
of putting an asterisk at the front of each of the next ten lines.

10-44

Keypad Functions in Change Mode

Appendix A
Differences in Terminal Responses

EDT is an interactive editor; it responds to your commands as you enter
them. EDT can be used with three types of interactive terminals:
Hardcopy terminals
Display terminals without a keypad
Display terminals with a keypad
A general description of the display responses to the editor commands on the
three terminal types follows.

A.1

Hardcopy Terminals
You can designate any interactive terminal as a hardcopy terminal through
the SET TERMINAL HCPY command. The hardcopy terminals (such as the
LA36) respond to the command level commands and to the nokeypad commands. In line mode, the hardcopy terminals respond in a manner similar to
display terminals (except for deleting characters). When you press ~, the
terminal responds with a backslash and repeats the last character entered, the
character being deleted. When you make additional deletions before new entries, the characters are repeated without the backslash. When you make a
new entry, the editor responds with another backslash and the new data. For
example:
errir\ri\or

All line mode commands are entered at the command level after the * prompt.
When you enter line editing commands, they are displayed immediately after
the asterisk and executed when you end the command line with a~. When
the command is complete, EDT responds with another asterisk; the editor is
ready to execute another command. Each time you enter a~, EDT returns
to command level.
A-1

When you enter change mode on an LA36, the cursor is a pair of brackets. The
cursor encloses a character to mark your position in the text buffer. When the
first entry is a tab character (eight characters spaces), the brackets enclose
seven blanks ([
]). When the first one to seven characters are empty, the
brackets enclose one blank ([ ]) . When the position is the end of a line, the
brackets enclose the carriage return symbol [<CR>].
To exit the change mode, enter EX.
Example:

(2~
12

CoMMands follow:

HardcoPY TerMinals

* 1 a rBm

*CJAMGE\EGMAJ\HANGE~UJ

[HJardcoPY TerMinals
C * L IBID
[<CR> J

C*LIBm

[Tl he hardcOP/' ter1tlinals can respond to a 11 of the COITlltland 1el.Je1

C*llW ~Il
hardcOPY ter11linals can [rJesPond to a 11 of the co 1T1111 and 1el.Je1

In the first line of the example, EDT is at command level; the asterisk ( *)
prompt is present. When you enter a line number, EDT responds by displaying the lines, lines 12 and 14.
You try to enter change mode but misspell the command. To correct the
spelling error, you press ~ once for each letter to be deleted and then enter
the corr.ect characters. EDT responds by displaying the deleted letters between backslashes.
When you enter the CHANGE command, EDT displays the current line and
the position of the cursor on that line, the first character. The change mode
prompt is C*.
When you enter the L command, EDT displays the next line. The [<CR>]
indicates that the line is empty. The next line contains text; EDT positions
the cursor at the first character in the line. In response to your 4W command,
EDT displays the current line with the cursor at the beginning of the fourth
word following the current word.

A.2 Nokeypad Display Terminals
Both the VT52 and the VTlOO terminals can be used in the nokeypad mode.
In nokeypad mode the commands are entered through the keyboard.
The VT52 cursor is a blinking underline(_) and the VTlOO cursor is either a
blinking underline or a rectangle (!ii:]) with the character in reverse video. The

A-2

Differences in Terminal Responses

cursor marks your position in the text buffer for entering change mode commands. To insert data, you enter the I command. EDT inserts the data just
before the cursor. With each character entry, the cursor moves to the right. At
the end of the line, it moves to the start of the next line. To exit the. insert
operation, enter a (CTRL/z).
All line mode commands are entered at the command level prompt(*). When
you enter line editing commands, EDT displays them immediately after the
asterisk and executes them when you end the command line with a (BITl. When
the command is complete, EDT responds with another *; EDT is ready to
execute another command. For those commands which require additional
input, the INSERT and the REPLACE commands, you enter a (CTRL/z) to return
to the command level.
When you enter a command, the cursor moves to the bottom of the screen and
EDT displays the command you enter. When you end the command line with
IBITJ, EDT performs the command and returns the cursor to the correct position in the text.

A.3 Keypad Display Terminals
Both the VT52 and the VTlOO terminals can be used in the keypad mode. The
examples in the manual are based on a VTlOO terminal unless otherwise
specified.

Differences in Terminal Responses

A-3

Appendix B
Error Messages

EDT contains a set of error messages that identify problems and assist you in
the completion of the present editing operation.
Most error messages consist of a pointer line, which is a circumflex character
("), and the error message. The pointer indicates the position of the error in
the command.
The error messages, arranged alphabetically, and their explanations follow.
' . ' rec:iui red

The command requires a period (.) or other special character shown enclosed in single quote marks.
Aborted b}' CTRL/C

This message occurs when you are in keypad change mode and enter a
tTRL/c) after entering a command.
Advance Past botto1T1 of buffer

The command indicates that you attempted to move the cursor past the
[EOBJ.
Atterr1Pt to CUT or APPEND to current buffer

This message occurs when you have tried to perform a CUT or APPEND
and have named the current text buffer as the destination text buffer. The
default destination is the paste text buffer.
Atterr1Pt to PASTE the current buffer

The PASTE command attempted to paste text into the same text buffer
containing the text to be pasted.

B-1

Bac~{UP

Past toP of buffer

The command entered would move the cursor to a position preceding the
first line (top) of the buffer.
Chanse 1r1ode 1r1aY be entered onlY frorrt the ter1rlinal

You cannot enter change mode when you run EDT from a batch command
file or from your startup command file. There is no terminal associated
with this job, so you cannot enter change mode.
CorrHrtand buffer exhausted

The string of change mode commands exceeds 255 characters.
Co1rHr1and file could not be oPened

The command file given in the command line cannot be opened. EDT will
also display an associated RMS message for the error.
Co1rur1and file does not exist

The command-file parameter in the command line does not exist in the
specified directory.
Consistenc}' ched{ failed t Please chec~{ }'0'.lr file

There is a discrepancy between the number of lines and characters entered
during the editing session and the number of lines and characters present
when the editing session ends. You should check for possible errors in your
output file. This message indicates that there is a problem in EDT.
Could not alisn tabs 1,.iith cursor

The cursor is at a position where it is not evenly divisible by the tab size
when the tab compute function was used.
Destination for MO\JE or COPY not found

The range specification in the command does not exist.
Ent it Y 1r1 us t be WORD t SENTENCE t PAGE t or PARA GR A PH

The SET ENTITY command must include one of the four entity options
listed.
Error in co1rur1and

The command entered is invalid.
Error in co1rur1and oPtion

The command includes a /name where name is not a valid option.
Error in ranse specification

The command requires a range specification which must be complete.

B-2

Error Messages

File specification required

A file specification is required as a part of the command (WRITE, PRINT,
or INCLUDE).
Help file could not be oPened

The requested help file cannot be accessed. This indicates an error in
system storage (for example, improper installation of the operating
system).
InPut file could not be opened

The command contains faulty syntax, or you specified a nonexistent
directory.
InPut file does not exist

The input file is not contained in the specified directory.
In Put record too larse, truncated to 255 characters

A record in the input file exceeds 255 characters.
Insufficient rr1err1or}'

There is insufficient memory to complete the last command. This message
can occur when you define a new text buffer or use the DEFINE KEY
command.
Invalid buffer narr1e

You have used improper syntax for the buffer name in the command.
Invalid entit}'

The entity portion of the change mode command is not recognized.
Inl.ialid OPtion for that corrur1and

You have used an /OPTION where it is not allowed for that command.
Invalid Pararr1eter for SET or SHOW

The SET or SHOW command does not use one of the listed parameters
(see Chapter 8).
Invalid subcorrur1and

You have used an improper name for the change mode command.
Inl.ialid l.ialue in SET corrur1and

The command has an invalid keyword.
I/O error on 1,.iorK file

EDT is unable to access its text storage area for the file. An additional
message will explain the error further, such as "Device full" or "Device
write locked".
Error Messages

B-3

Journal file could not be opened

The journal file is not within your defined privilege.
Line exceeded 255 characters' tri.mcated

The input for the line exceeds 255 characters; the excess is deleted.
MACRO or KEY rec:iuired

The DEFINE command is incomplete. You must include either MACRO
or KEY in the command.
No definition

You have requested a SHOW KEY definition for an undefined key.
No outPut f i 1 e nar'fle

You have used the EXIT command without having specified a file name,
either in the EXIT command or in the command line.
No select ranse active

You did not create a select range prior to entering the APPEND or CUT
command.
No such line

There are no original line numbers for the specified range.
Nttr'fleric lJalue rec:iuired

The command must have a numeric value at the point of the " in the
command.
Output file could not be opened

EDT will display another message describing the error.
Parenthesis r1lisr'flatch

The number of right hand parentheses [ ) 1do not match the number of left
hand parentheses [ ( ]. This error occurs when you are entering a change
mode command string.

The command has caused the memory space for the parse data to be filled
before the command could be validated. Check your command string. If it
is valid, reenter the command in segments.
Please ans1iJer YCes>, N<o>, Q(uit), or A<ll>

This is the prompt that occurs when you have selected the query qualifier
and have failed to answer with one of the above in response to the ?
prompt.

B-4

Error Messages

Quoted strina rec:iuired

The command requires a quoted string. The " indicates the position of the
required quoted string.
Ranae r11ust be cont i s1.lous

The range specification for the RESEQUENCE command must be contiguous lines.
Ranae specified by /SEQUENCE would cause duplicate or
non-sec:iuential N1.w1bers

You have range specifications in the RESEQUENCE command that
would cause duplicate or non-sequential numbers.
Strins 1"1as not found

The string defined in the range specification cannot be found.
That ~{e>' is not definable

The key selected for the DEFINE KEY command is not available for
definition.
Unexpected characters after end of corTH11and

The command contains a string of one or more characters at the end of the
command which are not part of the command. The rest of the command is
valid.
Un rec o an i zed co r1u11 and

EDT does not recognize or support the command entered. Most likely you
have incorrectly specified the command.
Unrecoanized cor1u11and oPtion

The command includes an invalid option/qualifier.
War~{

file Ol.1erflo1"1

You have exceeded 65536 blocks of text in this editing session.

This message is displayed when the command operation requires more
than a minimum amount of time to complete. It tells you that EDT is
responding to your command.

Error Messages

B-5

Appendix C
ASCII Decimal Equivalents

Decimal
Value

ASCII
Character

Decimal
Value

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

NUL
SOH
STX
ETX
EOT
ENQ
ACK
BEL
BS
HT
LF
VT
FF
CR

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

20
21
22
23
24
25
26

SI
DLE
DCl
DC2
DC3
DC4
NAK
SYN
ETB
CAN
EM
SUB

ASCII
Character

Decimal
Value

86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112

'
-

I
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;

<
=

>
?
@

A
B

c
D
F

ASCII
Character

w
x
y

z
[

\
l
or t
- or+'Grave accent
a
A

b
c
d
e
f
g

h
i
j
k
I
m
n
0

(Continued on next page)

C-·l

C-2

Decimal
Value

ASCII
Character

Decimal
Value

ASCII
Character

Decimal
Value

ASCII
Character

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

ESC
FS
GS
RS

G
H

72
73
74
75
76

I
J
K
L

N
0
p

113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127

SP
!

"
#
$
%

"
(
)

ASCII Decimal Equivalents

78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

r
s
t
u
v

w
x
y
z
{

!Vertical Line
}
-Tilde
DEL RUBOUT

Glossary

alphanumeric

A contraction of alphabetic-numeric; the set of characters that compose text; characters include letters, numerals, and exclude special characters.
ASCII

The acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a standardized code representing the 128 characters in which text is recorded. The decimal
values for the ASCII characters are contained in Appendix C.
authorization flle

See user authorization file.
buffer

A temporary storage area used to contain text.
case

The state of the alphabetic characters. Capital letters are upper case.
character

A symbol representing an ASCII code. See also alphanumeric character.
character buffer

A temporary storage area used to store the last character deleted by an EDT delete
character operation.

Glossary-1

character editing

Editing text at the character level; an operational mode of EDT, entered through the
CHANGE command.
character string

A sequence pr group of connected characters.
command

An instruction typed by the user at a terminal or included in a command file which
requests the operating system to perform some well-defined procedure.
command flle

A file containing command strings.
command llne

The command for entering EDT.
command string

A line (or set of continued lines), normally terminated by typing a ~' containing a
command and (optionally) information modifying the command. The fullest form of
the command string contains a command, its qualifiers, and its parameters (file
specifications, for example) and their qualifiers.
contiguous

Contiguous lines or characters are those which are adjacent to one another.
control key

The keyboard character that causes a control action; a control key is usually the
combination of the CTRL key and an alphabetic key.
CTRL/A or GOLD/A

Sets the tab position to the present cursor position.
CTRL/C

End the current keypad operation and returns you to the keypad command level.
CTRL/D or GOLD/D

In keypad character editing, decreases the tab indentation level count by one.
CTRL/E or GOLDIE

In keypad character editing, increases the tab indentation level count by one.

Glossary-2

CTRL/I

Duplicates the function of the TAB key.
CTRL/K

In keypad character editing, lets you use the DEFINE KEY function.
CTRL/Q

Suspends the terminal output until you press (CTRL/Q).
CTRL/T or GOLD/T

In keypad character editing, sets the tab indent over a range of lines.
CTRL/U or GOLD/U

In keypad character editing, deletes the text from the cursor position to the left
margin.
CTRL/W

In keypad character editing, refreshes the screen display.
CTRL/Z

Exits you from insert mode or keypad character editing and returns you to EDT
command level.
decimal number

A number in the numbering system with a base of 10; a numbering system composed
of 10 possible symbols (0 through 9) with each number position representing that
symbol times some power of 10.
default

The act of omitting information in a computer operation so that the computer makes
a predefined assumption about the operation; an assumption made by the operating
system when no specific value is provided by the user.
dell miter

A character that limits a string of characters and therefore cannot be a member of the
string.
directory

A file used to locate files on a mass storage device; a list of file names (including type
and version number) and their unique internal identifications.

Glossary-3

directory name

The field in a file specification that identifies the directory in which a file is listed.
The directory name begins with a left bracket and ends with a right bracket.
·
direction

Direction can be forward or backward; the symbol for forward direction is the plus
sign ( +) and the symbol for backward direction is the minus sign (-).
editing session

The interval between entering and exiting EDT.
entity

Units of text from 1 ton characters on which EDT commands operate; for example,
character, word, line.
error message

A message displayed by EDT indicating that EDT cannot perform the operation you
requested.
exit

The means of halting a computer cycle of operation (EDT); the ending of an editing
session. When capitalized, it is a command.
fie Id

A group of characters which can be treated as a single unit of information, for
example, line numbers.
flle

A set of data stored on a mass storage device.
flle name

The field preceding a file type in a file specification. This field contains a 1- to
9-character name for a file.
flle specification

A unique name for a file on a mass storage device. It identifies the node, the device,
the directory name, the file name, the file type, and the version number under which a
file is stored.
fixed llne numbers

Line numbers fixed to lines of text in a file. EDT maintains a record of these line
numbers during the editing sessions in which you use those files. The line numbers
are copied to the file when you end the editing session.

Glossary-4

form feed (ff)

Moves the cursor position to the start of a new page. One of the default word delimiters; the default page delimiter.
GOLD key

A key on the keypad. When you press GOLD, the alternate function for the next
keypad key you press is enabled.
help faclllty

A set of on-line messages describing the operation of EDT.
Increment

To add a quantity to another quantity; the quantity added.
Integer

A whole number containing no fractional or decimal part.
journal file

A file containing the data input to the terminal for one editing session.
journaling

The recording of your input during an editing session.
language

A systematic, unambiguous means of communication with a computer; a set of
representations, conventions, and associated rules used to convey information.
llne buffer

A storage area used to store the last line deleted by an EDT delete line operation.
llne feed (®

Moves the cursor position down one line. One of the default word delimiters. In
keypad character editing, deletes the characters from the cursor position to the left
word delimiter.
llne number

A number used to identify a line of text in a file or in an EDT text buffer.
log In

The process of accessing a computer system; an identification procedure.

Glossary-5

macro

A statement that requests EDT to perform a predefined set of instructions.
main text buffer

The default text buffer for keyboard input and for input files, and the source for
output files.
memory
A device on which data can be stored and from which it can be retrieved; internal
computer storage.

nested parentheses

A parenthetical operation embedded within another parenthetical operation in an
expression.
noncontiguous llnes

Lines which are not adjacent to one another.
nonprlntlng character

A character in the computer code set for which there is no corresponding graphic
symbol.
null

The character with the ASCII code 000; an absence of information.
null string

A string without content; an empty string represented by adjacent quotation marks.
operating system

Software that controls the execution of computer programs and performs system
functions; an integrated collection of programs that supervise computer operation.
parameter

The object of a command. A parameter can be a file specification or a keyword
option.
password

The character string assigned to a user to verify the user's access privileges; a code for
assuring file confidentiality on time-sharing systems.
paste buffer

The default text buffer for EDT cut and paste operations.

Glossary-6

program

The complete sequence of instructions, text, and routines necessary for the computer
to perform a desired operation.
programming

The process of planning, writing, testing, and correcting the steps required for a
computer to solve a problem or perform a desired operation.
prompt

A symbol indicating that the user must provide input.
punctuation

Special language characters such as commas, separators, etc.
qualifier

A keyword that modifies the operation of a command. Qualifiers are always preceded
by slash (/) characters.
range of lines

The number of lines in a range specification; the range can define single or multiple
lines and contiguous or noncontiguous lines.
range specification

A means for defining a string of text.
refresh

To update the display with the most current text for the range displayed.
rubout

Synonomous with delete.
screen

The display surface on a display terminal.
screen width

The number of character positions that can be displayed on a line.
search string

A group of characters you define in a command; the object of a search operation.
single line ranges

Ranges which address one line of a text buffer.

Glossary-7

string

A set of contiguous items of a similar type; a connected sequence of characters.
string search buffer

A buffer used to store the string being searched for.
substitute buffer

A buffer used to store the string to be substituted for the search string.
symbol

An identifier used to represent a value; a character or group of characters of a
language that are used to represent another entity.
syntax

The rules governing command structure in a computer language; the structure of the
language.
syntax error

A mistake in your use of the governing command structure.
TAB
Moves the cursor a number of character positions. The default number of positions is
eight. One of the default word delimiters.
system

A combination of hardware and software that performs specific processing operations; a collection of components that forms a functional unit.
terminal

The general name for those peripheral devices that have keyboards and video screens
or printers. Under program control, a terminal enables you to type commands and
text on the keyboard and receive messages on the video screen or printer.
text buffer

An EDT storage area for text (either terminal input or file input).
truncate

To set a limit on the number of characters in a line; characters entered after the limit
is reached are used to start a new line.
user authorization flle

A file containing an entry for every user that the system manager authorizes to gain
Glossary-8

access to the system. Each entry identifies the user name, password, default account,
User Identification Code, quotas, limits, and privileges assigned to individuals who
use the system.
user name

The name that a person types on a terminal to log in to the system.
value

A quantity; the information represented by a data item.
variable

An entity that can assume any of a given set of values; a symbol whose value can
change during a program.
version number

The field following the file type in a file specification. It is separated from file type by
a period (.) or semicolon (;) and consists of a number that generally identifies it as
one version among all files having the identical file specification except for version
number.

Glossary-9

Index
command
description of, 9-11
purpose of, 9-11
A
ADV command
purpose of, 9-4
ADVANCE function
description of, 10-16
purpose of, 10-16
APPEND command
description of, 9-13
purpose of, 9-13
APPEND function
description of, 10-27
example, 10-28
purpose of, 10-27
ASC command
description of, 9-9
example, 9-9
purpose of, 9-9
Authorized user file, 2-2

B
BACK command
description of, 9-4
purpose of, 9-4
BACK SP ACE function
description of, 10-15
purpose of, 10-15
BL entity, description of, 9-2
BOTTOM function
description of, 2-21, 10-16
example, 2-22
purpose of, 10-16
BPAGE entity, description of, 9-3
BPAR entity, description of, 9-2
BR entity, description of, 9-3
BSEN entity, description of, 9-2
Buffer line ranges, example, 4-5
BW entity, description of, 9-2

c
C entity, description of, 9-2
CHANGE command
description of, 1-2, 8-1
example, 2-14, 2-15, 2-19, 8-2, 10-3
purpose of, 8-1

Changing case, how to, 2-31. See also
CHNGCASE function
CHAR function
description of, 10-14
purpose of, 10-14
Character buffer
purpose of, 5-3
using, 5-3
Character editing
deleting characters, 2-16
deleting lines, 2-15
inserting text, 2-16
keypad, 1-3, 10-1
moving text, 2-1 7
moving the cursor, 2-14
nokeypad, 1-3, 2-14, 9-1
substituting text, 2-17
CHNGCASE function
description of, 10-35
example, 2-31, 10-35
purpose of, 10-35
Command
A' 9-11
ADV, 9-4
APPEND, 9-13
ASC, 9-9
BACK, 9-5
CHANGE, 8-1
COPY, 1-2, 7-1
CUT, 9-13
D, 9-14
DEFINE KEY, 10-38
DEFINE MACRO, 1-2, 7-2
DELETE, 1-2, 2-10, 7-4
EX, 9-5
EXIT, 8-2
EXT, 9-5
FILL, 9-15
FIND, 1-2, 7-5
HELP, 8-3
I, 9-6
INCLUDE, 1-2, 7-6
INSERT, 1-3, 2-4, 7-7
INSERT END, 2-8
MOVE, 1-3, 7-7
Null, 1-3, 7-7, 9-16
PASTE, 9-17
PRINT, 1-3, 7-8
QUIT, 8-4, 9-6
R, 9-17

Index-1

REF, 9-7
REPLACE, 1-3, 2-7, 7-8
RESEQUENCE, 1-3, 2-11, 7-9
S/sl/s2/, 9-12
SEL, 9-7
SET, 8-4
SET CASE, 8-5
SET CURSOR, 8-5
SET ENTITY, 8-6
SET KEYPAD, 8-7
SET LINES, 8-7
SET MODE, 8-7
SET NOKEYPAD, 8-2
SET NUMBERS, 8-8
SET QUIET, 8-8
SET SCREEN, 8-8
SET SEARCH, 8-9
SET TAB, 8-9
SET TERMINAL, 8-11
SET TRUNCATE, 8-11
SET VERIFY, 8-13
SET WRAP, 8-13
SHL, 9-10
SHOW, 8-14
SHOW BUFFER, 8-14
SHOW CASE, 8-15
SHOW CURSOR, 8-16
SHOW ENTITY, 8-16
SHOW KEY, 8-16
SHOW SCREEN, 8-16
SHOW SEARCH, 8-16
SHOW TERMINAL, 8-16
SHOW VERSION, 8-16
SHR, 9-10
SN, 9-12
SUBSTITUTE, 1-3, 7-11
SUBSTITUTE NEXT, 1-3, 7-13
TAB, 9-7
TADJ, 9-18
TC, 9-9
TD, 9-11
TOP, 9-9
TYPE, 1-3, 2-7, 7-14
TYPE WHOLE, 2-8
UNDC, 9-11
UNDL, 9-11
UNDW, 9-11
WRITE, 1-3, 7-16
Command format
action on an entity, 9-4
fixed, 9-4
variable count and direction, 9-4
COMMAND function
description of, 10-34
example, 2-31, 10-34

lndex-2

purpose of, 10-34
Command level prompt, EDT, 2-1
Command line, EDT, 2-3, 6-1
Commands
character editing, 9-1, 10-1
control command, 1-2, 8-1
EDT, 1-2
line editing, 1-2, 7-1
nokeypad, 9-3
Consistency check
description of, 3-3
purpose of, 3-1, 3-3
Contiguous line ranges, example, 4-4
COPY command
description of, 1-2, 7-1
DUPLICATE, 7-2. See also qualifier
example, 7-2
examples of, 2-13
purpose of, 7-1
QUERY, 7-1. See also qualifier
CTRL/A function, description of, 10-37
CTRL/C function, description of, 10-36
CTRL/D function, description of, 10-37
CTRL/E function, description of, 10-37
CTRL/K function
description of, 10-37
example, 10-42
CTRL/U function
description of, 10-21
example, 10-22
purpose of, 10-21
CTRL/U function, description of, 10-36
CTRL/W function, description of, 10-36
CTRL/Y, entering of, 2-5
CTRL/Z function, description of, 10-36
Cursor
moving, 2-21
VTlOO, 2-2
VT52, 2-2
Cursor movement, 10-10
arrow keys, 2-22
BOTTOM function, 2-21, 10-16
DOWN arrow key, 2-22
DOWN function, 10-11
LEFT arrow key, 2-23
LEFT function, 10-12
RIGHT arrow key, 2-23
RIGHT function, 10-13
TOP function, 2-21, 10-16
UP arrow key, 2-22
UP function, 10-10
CUT command
description of, 9-13
example, 2-18, 9-13
purpose of, 9-13

CUT function
description of, 10-24
example, 2-25, 10-7, 10-25, 10-28,
10-31, 10-33
purpose of, 10-24
D

D command
description of, 9-14
example, 9-14
purpose of, 9-14
DCL
command prompt, 2-2
CONTINUE command, 2-6, 3-2
directory command, 2-6
DEFINE KEY command
description of, 10-38
example, 10-40
purpose of, 10-37
Define key function, 10-42. See also
CTRL/K
DEFINE MACRO command, 1-2
description of, 7-2
example, 7-3
purpose of, 7-2
DEL C function
description of, 10-19
purpose of, 10-19
DEL EL function
description of, 10-22
purpose of, 10-22
DEL EOL function
description of, 10-22
example, 2-29, 10-22
purpose of, 10-22
DELL function, example, 2-27
DEL W function
description of, 10-20
example, 2-26, 10-20
purpose of, 10-20
DELETE command
character editing, 2-15
description of, 1-2, 7-4
example, 2-10, 7-4, 7-5
purpose of, 7-4
QUERY, 7-4. See also qualifier
DELETE function
description of, 10-19
example of, 10-19
purpose of, 10-19
Deleting characters, 2-5
example of, 2-17
Deleting characters and lines, 2-5
Deleting lines, 2-5
Deleting words, example, 2-17

Deletions
of characters with keypad, 10-19
of lines with keypad, 2-27, 10-22
of words with keypad, 10-20
DOWN function
description of, 2-22, 10-11
example, 2-23, 10-12
purpose of, 10-11

E
Editing, character, 1-3, 9-1, 10-1
Editing, line, 1-2, 7-1
EDT
features of, 1-1
purpose of, 1-1
EDT command files
description of, 6-4
example, 6-5
purpose of, 6-4
EDT command level prompt, 2-1
EDT command line, 2-3
example, 6-4
examples, 2-3
format of, 6-1
purpose of, 6-1
qualifiers, 6-1
EDT control commands, 1-2
example, 8-1
EL entity, description of, 9-2
Ending an editing session, 2-5
ENTER function
description of, 10-33
purpose of, 10-33
Entity
BL, 9-2
BPAGE, 9-3
BPAR, 9-2
BR, 9-3
BSEN, 9-2
BW, 9-2
C, 9-2
EL, 9-2
EPAGE, 9-3
EPAR, 9-2
ER, 9-3
ESEN, 9-2
EW, 9-2
L, 9-2
NL, 9-2
PAGE, 9-3
PAR, 9-2
SEN, 9-2
SR, 9-3
"string", 9-3
V, 9-3

Index-3

W, 9-2
[EOBJ
description of, 2-21
End of buffer symbol, 2-3
EOL function
description of, 10-15
purpose of, 10-15
EPAGE entity, description of, 9-3
EPAR entity, description of, 9-2
ER entity, description of, 9-3
Error messages
description of, 3-3
list of, B-1
purpose of, 3-1, 3-3
ESEN entity, description of, 9-2
EW entity, description of, 9-2
EX command
description of, 9-5
pupose of, 9-5
EXIT command, 2-4
description of, 1-2, 8-2
example, 2-5, 2-9, 2-13, 8-3, 10-6
fixed line numbers, 8-3
purpose of, 8-2
SAVE, 8-3. See also qualifier
SEQUENCE, 8-3. See also qualifier
EXIT function, 10-6
EXT command
description of, 9-5
example, 9-5
purpose of, 9-5
F

File
examples of revising, 2-9
message describing, 2-5
specification version number, 3-1
File generation
EXIT command, 2-4
INSERT command, 2-4
Files, multiple, 2-11
FILL command
description of, 9-15
example, 9-15
purpose of, 9-15
FILL function
description of, 10-35
example, 10-36
purpose of, 10-35
FIND command
description of, 1-2, 7-6
example, 7-6
purpose of, 7-5
FIND function
description of, 10-16

Index-4

example of, 10-18
purpose of, 10-16
Fixed line numbers, 7-17
assigning, 4-1
definition of, 1-4, 4-1
saving of, 4-1
source of, 4-1
FNDNXT function
description of, 10-17
purpose of, 10-17
Function
ADVANCE, 10-16
APPEND, 10-27
BACK SP ACE, 10-15
BOTTOM, 2-21, 10-16
CHAR, 10-14
CHNGCASE, 2-31, 10-35
COMMAND, 2-31, 10-34
CTRL/A, 10-37
CTRL/C, 10-36
CTRL/D, 10-37
CTRL/E, 10-37
CTRL/K, 10-37, 10-42
CTRL/U, 10-21, 10-36
CTRL/W, 10-36
CTRL/Z, 10-36
CUT, 10-7, 10-24
CUT, 2-25
DEL C, 10-19, 10-20
DEL EL, 10-22
DEL EOL, 2-29, 10-22
DELL, 2-27
DEL W, 2-26
DELETE, 10-19
DOWN, 2-22, 10-11
ENTER, 10-33
EOL, 10-15
EXIT, 10-6
FILL, 10-35
FIND, 10-16
FINDNXT, 10-17
GOLD, 2-20, 10-6
GOLD/A, 8-11
GOLD/D, 8-10
GOLDIE, 8-10
GOLD/T, 8-11
HELP, 10-7
LEFT, 2-23, 10-12
LINE, 10-15
LINE FEED, 10-20
OPEN LINE, 10-9
PAGE, 10-16
PASTE, 2-26, 10-7, 10-26
QUIT, 10-6
REPLACE, 10-30

RESET, 10-8
RIGHT, 2-23, 10-13
SECTION, 10-16
SELECT, 2-24, 10-23
SELECT ranges, 2-26
SPECINS, 10-34
SUBS, 10-32
TOP, 2-21, 10-16
UND C, 10-19
UND L, 2-28, 2-30, 10-22
UND W, 2-26, 10-21
UP, 2-22, 10-10
WORD, 10-15
G
GOLD function
description of, 10-6
example, 10-7
GOLD key, description, 2-20
GOLD/A function
description of, 8-11
example, 8-11
purpose of, 8-11
GOLD/D function
description of, 8-10
example, 8-10
purpose of, 8-10
GOLDIE function
description of, 8-10
example, 8-10
purpose of, 8-10
GOLD/T function
description of, 8-11
example, 8-11
purpose of, 8-11
H

Help, to obtain, 1-4, 2-20, 8-3, 10-7
HELP command, 1--4
description of, 1-2, 8-3
example, 8-3
purpose of, 8-3
Help facility, definition of, 1-4
HELP function
description of, 2-20, 10-7
purpose, 10-7
purpose of, 2-20

I command
description of, 9-6
example, 9-6
purpose of, 9-6

Implied TYPE command, 2-7. See also
null command
INCLUDE command
description of, 1-2, 7-6
example, 2-11, 2-12, 7-6
purpose of, 7-6
Indentation level counter
decrementing, 8-11, 9-9
definition of, 8-11
incrementing, 8-11, 9-9
using, 8-9
Input file, prompt for, 3-2
'INSERT command, 2-4
description of, 1-3, 7-7
example, 2-5, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10, 7-7
exiting, 2-5, 2-7
purpose of, 7-7
INSERT END command, 2-8
INSERT mode
EDT entry into, 2-4
exiting, 2-5, 2-7
Inserting text, 10-8
J
Journal file
definition of, 1-4
description of, 2-5
example, 3-1
executing contents of, 3-2
purpose of, 3-1
saving, 3-1
K
Key, definition of, 10-3
Keypad and nokeypad, comparison of, 10-2
Keypad editing
cursor movement, 2-21
definition of, 1-3
deleting lines, 10-22
deleting results of, 10-6
deleting text, 2-26, 10-19
deleting words, 10-20
description of, 10-2
entering, 2-19, 10-3
essential functions, 10-6
exiting, 2-31, 10-6
HELP, 2-20
inserting text, 2-20, 10-8
moving text, 2-24
quitting, 10-6
saving results of, 10-6
to start, 10-2, 10-3
undeleting text, 2-26

Index-5

Keypad functions
VTlOO, 10-5f
VT52, 10-4f
Keypad functions, how to use, 10-3
Keypad keys
VTlOO, 10-5f
VT52, 10-4f
Keypad layout, description of, 10-3
L

L entity, description of, 9-2
LEFT function
description of, 2-23, 10-12
example, 2-24, 10-12
purpose of, 10-12
Level prompt, EDT command, 2-1
Line, EDT command, 2-3
Line buffer
purpose of, 5-2
using, 5-2
Line editing commands, 2-4
abbreviations for, 7-1
example, 7-1
LINE FEED function
description of, 10-20
purpose of, 10-20
LINE function
description of, 10-15
purpose of, 10-15
Line numbers
assigning, 4-1
changing, 2-11
decimal numbers, 4-1
definition of, 1-4
display of, 2-5
fixed, 4-1
purpose of, 4-1
range of, 4-1
renumbering, 4-1
Lines, deleting, 2-10
Login command file, 2-2
Login procedure
example, 2-2
password, 2-2
user name, 2-2
M
MAIN, text buffer, 5-1
MOVE command
description of, 1-3, 7-7
example, 2-13, 7-7
purpose of, 7-7
QUERY, 7-7. See also qualifier

Index-6

N
New files
example of, 2-6
generation of, 2-4
NL entity, description of, 9-2
N okeypad character editing
definition of, 1-3
description of, 2-14, 9-1
entering, 9-1
entities, 9-1
N okeypad commands
buffer definition, 9-4
command definition, 9-3
command formats, 9-4
count definition, 9-3
description of, 9-3
direction definition, 9-4
element sequence, 9-4
elements of, 9-3
entity definition, 9-4
format of, 9-3
Noncontiguous line ranges, example, 4-4
Null command
description of, 1-3, 7-7, 9--16
example, 7-7
purpose of, 7-7, 9-16
0

OPEN LINE function
description of, 10-9
example, 10-9
p

PAGE entity, description of, 9-3
PAGE function
description of, 10-16
purpose of, 10-16
PAR entity, description of, 9-2
PASTE, text buffer, 5-1
PASTE command
description of, 9-17
example, 2-19
purpose of, 9-17
PASTE function
description of, 10-26
example, 2-26, 10-7, 10-26, 10-29
purpose of, 10-26
Position marker, 2-2. See also cursor
PRINT command
description of, 1-3, 7-8
example, 2-13, 7-8
purpose of, 7-8
Prompt, EDT command level, 2-1

Prompts, DCL command, 2-2
Q

Qualifier
BRIEF, 7-11, 7-14
of COPY command, 7-1, 7-2
of DELETE command, 7-4
DUPLICATE, 7-2
EDT command line, 6-2, 6-3t
EDT command line, description of, 6-3
of EXIT command, 8-2
of MOVE command, 7-7
NOTYPE, 7-11
QUERY, 7-1, 7-4, 7-7, 7-11
of QUIT command, 8-4
RECOVER, 2-6
RECOVER, example, 2-5, 2-6, 3-1
of RESEQUENCE command, 7-9
SA VE, 8-3, 8-4
SEQUENCE, 7-9, 7-16, 8-2
STAY, 7-14
of SUBSTITUTE command, 7-11
of TYPE command, 7-14
of WRITE command, 7-16
QUIT command
description of, 1-2, 8-4, 9-6
example, 8-4
purpose of, 8-4, 9-6
SAVE, 8-4. See also qualifier
QUIT function, 10-6
R
R command
description of, 9-17
example, 9-17
purpose of, 9-17
Range specification
ALL "string", 4-4
AND, 4-4
BEFORE, 4-4
BEGIN, 4-2
BUFFER, 4-5
contiguous line, 4-4
default, 2-10
definition of, 4-2
description of, 4-1
END, 4-2
example, 4-2
FOR or, 4-4
LAST, 4-2
minus(-), 4-2
noncontiguous line, 4-4
number, 4-2

ORIGINAL number, 4-2
period (.), 4-2
plus(+),4-2
purpose of, 4-2
REST, 4-4
single line, 4-2
"string" 4-2
text buffer, 4-4
THRU or:, 4-4
WHOLE, 4-4
Ranges, CUT function and SELECT, 2-26
RECOVER, 2-6, 2-6. See also qualifier,
example
RECOVER qualifier, example, 2-5, 3-1
REF command
description of, 9-7
purpose of, 9-7
REPLACE command
description of, 1-3, 7-8
example, 7-9
purpose of, 7-8
REPLACE command, example, 2-7
REPLACE function
description of, 10-30
example, 10-31
purpose of, 10-30
RESEQUENCE command
description of, 1-3, 7-9
example, 2-11, 2-13, 7-10
purpose of, 7-9
SEQUENCE qualifier, 7-9
RESET function
example, 10-8
purpose of, 10-8
Revising files, examples of, 2--9
RIGHT function
description of, 2-23, 10-13
example, 2-23, 10-13
purpose of, 10-13

s
S/sl/s2/ command
description of, 9-12
purpose of, 9-12
Screen display, nokeypad, 2-14
SECTION function
description of, 10-16
purpose of, 10-16
SEL command
description of, 9-7
example, 9-7
SELECT command, example, 8-10
SELECT function

Index-7

description of, 10-23
example, 2-25, 10-23
example of, 10-31
purpose of, 10-23
SELECT range
and CUT function, 2-25
marking text with, 2-24
SEN entity, description of, 9-2
SET CASE command
description of, 8-5
example, 8-5
purpose of, 8-5
SET command
description of, 1-2, 8-4
example, 8-4
purpose of, 8-4
SET CURSOR command
description of, 8-5
example, 8-6
purpose of, 8-5
SET ENTITY command
description of, 8-6
example, 8-7
purpose of, 8-6
SET KEYPAD command
description of, 8-7
purpose of, 8-7
SET LINES command
description of, 8-7
example, 8-7
purpose of, 8-7
SET MODE command
description of, 8-7
purpose of, 8-7
SET NOKEYPAD command, example,2-14,
2-15, 8-2
SET NUMBERS command
description of, 8-8
purpose of, 8-8
SET QUIET command
description of, 8-8
purpose of, 8-8
SET SCREEN command
description of, 8-8
example, 8-8
purpose of, 8-8
SET SEARCH command
BOUNDED parameter, 8-9
description of, 8-9
END parameter, 8-9
EXACT parameter, 8-9
example, 8-9
purpose of, 8-9
SET TAB command

lndex-8

description of, 8-9
example, 8-10, 9-8
purpose of, 8-10
SET TERMINAL command
description of, 8-11
purpose of, 8-11
SET TRUNCATE command
description of, 8-11
example, 8-12
purpose of, 8-11
SET VERIFY command
description of, 8-13
purpose of, 8-13
SET WRAP command
description of, 8-13
example, 8-13
purpose of, 8-13
SHL command
description of, 9-10
example, 9-10
purpose of, 9-10
SHOW BUFFER command
description of, 8-14
example, 2-12, 5-2, 8-14
purpose of, 8-14
SHOW CASE command
description of, 8-15
purpose of, 8-15
SHOW command
description of, 1-2, 8-14
purpose of, 8-13
SHOW CURSOR command
description of, 8-16
purpose of, 8-16
SHOW ENTITY command
description of, 8-16
purpose of, 8-16
SHOW KEY command
description of, 8-16
example, 8-16
purpose of, 8-16
SHOW SCREEN command
description of, 8-16
purpose of, 8-16
SHOW SEARCH command
description of, 8-16
purpose of, 8-16
SHOW TERMINAL command, purpose of,
8-16
SHOW VERSION command, purpose of, 8-16
SHR command
description of, 9-10
example, 9-10
purpose of, 9-10

Single line ranges, example, 4-3
SN command
description of, 9-12
example of, 9-12
purpose of, 9-12
SPECINS function
description of, 10-34
example, 10-34
purpose of, 10-34
SR entity, description of, 9-3
Startup command files, definition of, 1-4
String search buffer
purpose of, 5-3
using, 5-3
"string" entity, description of, 9-3
SUBS function
description of, 10-32
example, 10-32
purpose of, 10-32
Substitute buffer
purpose of, 5-3
using, 5-3
SUBSTITUTE command
BRIEF, 7-12. See also qualifier
description of, 1-3, 7-11
example, 2-10, 7-12
NOTYPE, 7-12. See also qualifier
purpose of, 7-11
QUERY, 7-12. See also qualifier
SUBSTITUTE NEXT command
description of, 1-3, 7-13
example, 7-13, 7-14
purpose of, 7-13

T
TAB command
description of, 9-7
example, 9-8
purpose of, 9-7
TADJ command
description of, 9-18
example, 9-18
purpose of, 9-18
TC command
description of, 9-9
example, 9-9
purpose of, 9-9
TD command
description of, 9-11
example, 9-9
purpose of, 9-11
Text, to insert, 2-20
Text buffer
definition of, 5-1

displaying contents of, 2-8
inserting text, 2-8
MAIN, 2-4
MAIN, example, 3-1, 5-1
others, example, 5-1
PASTE, example, 5-1
transferring between, 2-13
Text buffers
definition of, 1-3
examples of using, 5-2
limits on, 5-2
TI' command
description of, 9-11
example, 9-9
purpose of, 9-11
TOP command
description of, 9-9
purpose of, 9-9
TOP function
description of, 2-21, 10-16
example of, 2-21
purpose of, 10-16
TYPE command
BRIEF, 7-14. See also qualifier
description of, 1-3, 7-14
example, 2-7, 2-8, 2-10, 7-14, 7-15
implied, 2-7
purpose of, 7-14
STAY, 7-14. See also qualifier
TYPE WHOLE command, 2-8

u
UND C function
description of, 10-19
purpose of, 10-19
UND L function
description of, 10-22
example, 2-28, 2-30, 10-23
purpose of, 10-22
UND W function
description of, 10-21
example, 2-26, 10-21
purpose of, 10-21
UNDC command
description of, 9-11
purpose of, 9-11
UNDL command
description of, 9-11
purpose of, 9-11
UNDW command
description of, 9-11
purpose of, 9-11
UP function
description of, 2-22, 10-10

Index-9

example, 2-22, 10-10, 10--11
purpose of, 10-10
User buffers, definition of, 5-2

v
V entity, description of, 9-8
VT52 and VTlOO Keypad numbers, 10-39f

w
W entity, description of, 9-2
Word buffer
purpose of, 5-3
using, 5-3 .
WORD function
description of, 2-24, 10-15
example, 2-24
purpose of, 10-15
WRITE command
description of, 1-3, 7-16
example, 7-16, 7-17
purpose of, 7-16
SEQUENCE, 7-16. See also qualifier

Index-IO

VAX-11 EDT Editor
Reference Manual
AA-H944A-TE

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