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EK-PC500-TD

December 1987

276 pages

Original

30MB

Document:	VAXmate Technical Description 1987
Order Number:	EK-PC500-TD
Revision:
Pages:	276
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vaxmate/EK-PC500-TD_VAXmate_Technical_Description_1987.pdf

OCR Text

mate

Technical Description

Tl}(~ ~(}ft\v!-Lr~~ dCf,crihetl jn thiS docun,~ut i!~ I~~Jc1i:ib'f'd ~ln(k:-r ~i liCenf,e a.nd rf'1,;ly

1.:n. aCt.:t!CrdatK~c v1/~th lh,e lcrtc6 {Jf ;such Ucenst:;.

i'" a tf~~dematk or InlernatiolX!1 Husjn.(~~~s rvlachjne-~
\1S and 1Y~S·l)()S are

rradc.rn'lr-k~~ c~f ·~l.i_C~')$<~ii

~D~DDmD
DH:.:
~)L(.:cnnnt'Ci

DECourc

PT)P
~/T220

DEC"'fSIl'.M ':0
D1':O.'\
flECwritn'
DFYlPH.

DfS}A

R"rs
RS'(
t.'\.lHC'S

Conten.ts

Chapter 1
I 1

General Description

Introductioa
Il.arclwarc: .

;U
1,2.2

................... .... .,.l·A
V'ideo Controller .'.,,, .. '" <., . . . . . . . . ",~., .'''~'''_ '. ,. __ .. ~, ... " " . " , .. 1-4
~.2 2,1;
~'lon.itor ~ Arnl'ler ,or (;reen Sf'fe-en .,~.,..,".",< .. "'_ ."., .... ,,'", ...... 1,,6
L2.3 ILX
L2 Mbyte Diskette Drive ... ,,, ....... ,. . . ..... .. . . . ...... 1-7
1.24 ThLnWln' Ethcrnc~t ..... " ................. , ............................. 1·7
1."::. S CooHlJunkatinns... .. ,.. .
'"'' .. ... .. ... .,.............. .l.rl
1.2.6 lK250
. ., ........ " ......................... " ....... 1·9
t.~:~2,,'j

.:>-

.t"

..."," ,

..................... J-9
............. 1-1.0

1.2.9

L3
1 .4

H~rdware Options ............................. .

.... , ...................... 1-16

COllfigurations .......... ., .... ..
Technical 1lIo(:kDiagl'am
,. ........ '

Chal}ter '2

VA Xmate CPU Module

2.1

, ••• ,~~.,

",,%

"~"~>

'J:

" . , .• ,.,:;..··1

2._2

............ 2·2

. ,-, .. , .,~~~"." "',.' "<2 . . 2

2Ji

2 '5.J.
2,5.3
2">.:1.2:

Mem.ory Option ... "... .. .... .. .. ..... ....
. ...... .. '. 2- '7
T!ming '.'lnde.,; .. '" " , . . "" .,.,
2·8
OplionModu1e Interface, .. "" ............ , ... " ".,,,""" ., .2·8
><

. . . . . . . ,,,.

•

. . . . . . , ••

2.6
. '" .... " '.'. o2~

"'.b i

? (,,2
.".. ,2-L <i

. ,.2-21

, ,,,

"
-,,"';:" ",,':'

1-5)

.....2·46
"1

2 -:;.2; 5~
(,)utl,:lnt St;:lection ", .
'2 9 2 J 0 ttE·{~tr"jrH ScfCCtio'fl .
:?, ! (}

'ihit'(>Ch'it),h'!

2. ] 0_1

'.herv'e;;" ..

".,..~.~

,{ "-/

":i ;-'

C"ni(!nt.~;

!!
'I

Logic '" ........... .
Controi\X'ord (C\V) Register and Data Bus Buffer.
. .... 2·' .1
2.lO.2.5 ComHers O. !. and 1.
.. 2·51
10.:'; )Mode Definitions .....
. ... ," .. 2·"'2
,2-') .-5
2.10.;:'>.J 1'I{,K'k n (Interrupt on 'Icrminal Count) ........ .
2·5:)
2.1 {}.:L 2 Mode 1 (H;mJ'Ivarc Hel:dgg{;'rabk One-Shot} .... .
::. ! 0.;-1.3 Mod!': 2
'.'" .. 2-... -)
2:. 1 \) . 3.4 J\fod(;'''' (Square- Wave,) .. . ... " ... . .. ..
.. .. 2-54
2. lO3 '5 Mode 4 (Sofn9<trc Triggered Strobe) ..
2 . ) {). 3
Mode 5 (Hanh'varc:
Strobe.) .....
",,,.254
'2. 1.1. Mow,,," !nfonnal.i!.m........... .
.2·54

.2·"5
2.11 1.1
2 . 1 i l.2
•. ~. j 1. .1 .3

C:owrnunicaUon InlTrfact: ..

Dam Format ...
Position Rt:ports

11.2
L.l i 21 '>ionse C.omrnands ...... , .................. .
2.1'1 2.2
2. !. } . iM.ouse Conn{:f'tor:-; ....
7

L [ 1 ..3 1

VAXm.att: COr.lfH:Ctor .... "

2 f 1.;) 2

;\1oduk Connector. .' . .

Chapte1' 3

.:2-59
'. ,,2~{~ 1
_." .... ,.",2~(~2

VAXmate [/O~Video Module.

In.\J:oduCl.ion ........ .

53
34

S-Blt

- 3,9

3. A 1

Overview ...... ,

locaJ Addrtss/Data Bus Transceiver
Partial Address Bns Bufh~r.
Address Dt:coder '''''",' .. " .........

3.'13

Hu.~; Trans<::d.ver Control

3L).

IORD/IOWR Generator ..

:> .5

Netwurk 1fit C rfatX~
3. ~" I Ovcrvie'N ..

3.5. I
.L.5 1.2
35.! 3
,.51.435.1.";

..... , .. 3,l3
l5
.3·16
18

inlerCOnO(·cL ..... _.. "

Datil Transmission From/To Nct\C\-urk .. , .. , ......... ..
EncodingjD<,'codtng ""' .. '" ... "'"

........ , ......
nata Transm.ission From/'Jb CPt ;lOd SystCll'l :.\lem:)t)'.

Intt'mal and l:xternal Loopbacl;: Modes, .... -....... "

.. _3·18

, ,3·H~

:~ 5 . 1 . 6 \ t o < . l u k

3.5.2
:3. ") . j
.4
3";'5
3.6
,2

!.ED ....

(;oaxiaJ TnUlSCciv(:r ImcrL1ce ".
SC.rLll I merface
Local Met Xcrz'!or.k (;onuolkr ...
lANCE ConH<J! Path aud Cor,l1'ol Bw; Dnvers
Serial Pdm!""!.' Port Interface
l)~t~l ~rtansrnission .

EIA. lnrer1~t.cc ~
In.rt·~rc(1n.n(:ct c"

3 '

, .. ,<23
.. 3-2'
.. 325

5~
.~i~3.?

ComlLunlcatiuns POP Interface ..

3.7 l.

Data Tran"mi:;sion .

:) _7 . 3
:{~ 7 ~~i

,;vIC:HJern Con [f()] _
Spn.{ J321Ud, (:ount(.'T and

37."i
5,7,6

4..1
4.2

E[A ~n:.crJ~ac{~ ...

~.ntroduc~iun '~ . . . " _0.,. ".,.,.>
V.ideo C(A1nTJUet Functional

'-k":2 1

'franslar ion

4.2.2

CRT (.omrnlJer .

4.2 3
LZi

\7 id;:'_:c\ "''',''' "r'

.... :j.-4

..4<;,

·Hi

4.2 S

l- ';

J,g

4 "'J

~/ideo (~·at(.;.

2.8 \.' j{Jeo
4,3 l\'lonitOf Ir;.ri~rfJce
4 citvlQn i tor BOJ HI 'n;c hJ. jea!
i~

10
~·1 1

ii· 2
/d·j

Li.4· 2

t)rhie r:it·cuH., "'

-4,4.3 f...inc
:iA.3.j
44.5.:2
,}

,3.3

4.4 50/4,4.3.5

viii

. .4-15
i< J 6
18
,I-l)!
.<}··20
, .. 1:·21

~e"r>:v tHanJ'~L~.l~ {~:'l:r(-.uit.

4·21

. Ij

Content.

5 ,t

Il1tr,)duction. " .

......... ,'),1

~ '".'

" ." ..... ,·2

,~'f , """-

5;Ll
'\,2.2

Di"kettcDrivc ContruHer Connector ...... ..
D[skette Clod: GOlt:rator ..
r)i~k',~f,te (~'i(}ck

.5-'5

........... , .. , " , .... ,,"

.'"

., .. ,5.,

f"Jldf<;~&!' Decoder
5,2.~
pc
":\, f

Disk CnnxroUcr ...

" ..
;

... .,.)

...... "

••

•••

~-5

... ,,, ..... ,, ... ., '"'' ,')·6

)

5.27

," ')·6

'" 'j..(,)

,:';·6

5.2.9.1
5.2 9.2
52,93
S.2.10

(;omro!
Data Tra nsfer RClte

Diskew:
,~ ... 5~~)
... " 59

FDC

5,2 10 1

51 10.2
5.2
Cha.ptt.~r 6

Hard Disk ControHet'

6.1

Imrodm.::tion ...... " ..

6.2
6.3

General Lkscripti(ll1 ..
Description ".

631

.e, ••• •

Disk C(mtroLkt· (\1<;:1)2010) "....
(·,nt1t.roll-ogit:",,<.,~" .... , ,

6A.. 7
648
6,I{')

H·· . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1

r\'1oduk

6
r-,'lodulc Jnrnper "'k'I'~"',·K
6 .1 Functioua:!
6A i
Bus lnterfan: .....
{;A.2 Host Bus Intt~rtac~ (\~·DUCOO.-\) .. " ..... «.
6Jt.:1 Sector Buffer ,...
" .. """'"
.. , , '
6,( .4 HllU!.:r
CtJni:roi f'roC(cS"iOt f\Vn 1{) .I
6,4.-"
6.,/1-.6

. ........ '" '" .... 6<2
"
" e . . . . . . . . . . 6·,2

I m:erfacc Bus

.., .......

"e................ ....... 6·5
e.",.e

.......

'e . . . . . . . . . . .

.. ...........

e ........ ..

6. 6
()·B

.. ................ ,(~·8
., ............ , .. 6·8

,........ 6·8
. ... 6··8
.... 6 .. 8
.......... ,.6·10
.. 6,11
.(;··12

:~ i
l;!

(~'O~PeteHfi

~~ . 51

1;' ,4,

6-14
,~ __ 6·":1 5

65.1.

. .. Id:;
.... 6-16

6 5 4.
6 t;, ,. tj
{: 5 1 ",
t;

", 1 (1

{~J

<-~

6·16

() S 1 d

.617
.6-17

{) -, i

t\.:;.;. 2. ~~

S{:ek ())nln'i~lfKl

(> S 2 ,,-;

Read SeCH)( Command (ZO.
.6· t8
.6·1H

... 6·18
.. ,.6·19

.. 6· t9

Chapter 7

Expa

7.4

;:I,Iodule .. ,
7,4 , ..~

pO\~}t~r

7 .. 3

... ,.. 7·8

7 ·+.:).1

..... 7·8

OmpUL
. ~;;' -. 1 ""
,~,

Ke)'board and Keyboard Controller

S2
.. B .. i
,J

g,,:~, 2

8-6
.8·(;

l1Uerf;lCi: Control ler

.88
" .. 8·8

Interfauc' Conlfnlkr Input

. ",,8·~)
... 8·<)

.... :'}.IJ,

" "" .8-n
86

, ...... "".".8·1,
VA.Xmclte <lnd Industfy·Srandard AT· Compatible Protocol.
..8·1 ;1

Imcrta(x Controller to Keyholltd Transm.ission

..... 8·14

8.7

VAXtnate WOl"kstation Power Suppl)1' (H72'70)
,.9 . 1

.9-4
t).

:3
,.·, .. 9'~7
<)·9

Comro! Pulse Width Modulator Circuit"
Mimit,Jf " .... "'"

9L2
:i ~l~

9. .2.2

..... 9·9

Crowbar Circuit

AC OK Circujt ..
ion~ ., .

."-~ ... " ... - ., .. 9 . ]:2

SpecificaUons ....

~·.~·,9-~}

.9·1H
,

" " •. "

••• ,-<

,::>·12

. ., .. ' .. 9·!.~
')·1 eel
.9-11

A;ppendlx C

-'f;'il11e '-, - J
Table 2<-~!:
~::,

Tahle
11\bk 2~~'~
Table 2,,~
Tabk 2~6
Tah!!;- -:.

-.,..~

T~1ble

J-H
Table 2~9
1ahh-::::
1n
l~ibIe 2- } 1

ll:thle ..~,~ J

-i;lble ,;. - 1 -~
.,
Tahle ::s'" c

Tabk ~'.-2
Table 3-- 3
Table 5-;'J
Iahle
Tahle
l~lhle 3 .. 7
Table
1'Jble -"'1- -'-:j.
~

,--

~2-50
]\'-l~)d~~' (~{,}un,tt2rs t~}

\-If}u:;,;e (:(jr~:H;:lJ,n(1 ~'U!l1.~~~!~l!'V,

3-] i.
.. :~-12

> , " " ••

'hi;le ':L 1

7 -:~}
9-5

E'!bk 9,2

9",10

T1;J,bk; '),3

,'i 1;$

'n
[,12

.'·13
~ 1.-- I"'i
0

. ]21
,2;--*

, .. 2 'S

fJaLJ

\l(lJe) ,
,_,2>16~

,,2·22
B~fo"e Hot:tUnn "
Sl:al:n~: ,Ukr if.matiQl)"

_.2·2H

Howchart ,."""

f)l\,'[A Atbitt'Htiun Funni<)n~~! HIQ('k

OlYu\ Kl;::ad

Figure 2 2 0 , 2 · 5 4
2><2 1 (:Ot Hlter l~]J)ck

\f:~"'X:fnat(~~ \lC(H·ksu;.t~G·n

l\'hyuse,_.

;\,It)U'5e ,[\'lO~~en.'H.:~nJ J)etectc~r l'4cchan k.~,.),
~)'i()usi:.~ ?vi(Hju1(~ Fun(·'tjon~11
.\j'YJse Tf;JUSnUC and

.~ Functional BliKk
Ikl.'ci'T ,-~haract\'r I'u;rrml ,.

7 -Pi.!1 !vIlnjatu.r(;;.~(: ircI1Jar (:oj~n,ect()r LaVOIJt _
;'vlouse \lodllk' Connector .- Fi!'

"~ .... 2 .. 58

... 2 .. 59
2,,·60
.. 2·60
262
2·('2

Printer {':clntrol HInck
FJA interface and Interconnect HklCk

:F.igufe ~-, 1 n

hronous (:ornrDunic:ltions I:lknlent IJ!ock
'El /\. !.n.l.erf~ce ~In~d l'ntef<TnlDccl Bh:Jck
\l,i,;je(l:

.... k15
3-3 7

-.. Ji,,2

.A-3
...... /i-'!
\!i~Jeo

Video
F}gure 4··~6

\;id("o

<!;, -:
4·8

\/jdcc~

A,·5

,:* . 6

... .4·7
.4·8

4·~)

... 04-]0

4 10

.. 4·n
.4,-13
-.~f-.. l/~

'1-15
4-1.4

l)five Ci.rcuiL ...

,,4·H~

.4-17

{·16

,.4~20

~i-l~

.~j~,,12

L;W
5· I
5·2
6" 1
6· 2

Circuit" ,..,
Subi !i:Zef Circuit
D;sk;ctt(~ (:\)ntn~lkr - CPU ltlt(:r'i.xmnt~ct i:Ho('k
Diskcw· Drive Contn,Ikr Block
H,ltC Disk
Location.
Ittrd Disk ContfoHcr Module ,Side

. .416

,,4,.2'J

.. 5-2
.6-1

()-4

. ,J,,-;
6,9
6,11
.. 6-12

,6·12
,.,(;,! 3

Box C:OVCl: R~'!nfjVaJ ,

Box

.. ',',,,.

l3.)X Block .Diagram. ,

Box Po,ncr Rt~gu huol' , "
Box 1'!.)\'>'('r RegulMor Block

. / "" ,/
.7 10

F-.'ty,,,,,,;,,,,,, Hox n",('k,',h

j,U

,;,12
._.7~ 13

,7-I/f

7-1 ')

K3
.,,8-5
, ,g,7
,81(1

.,,811
.... 8··1.2

Com.murticall011S eifeU it ., .. ,
,.'n,"~.rn Tr;lHsroit and Rcc('il'C Character form:n,

VAXm;w:,; ['(lWeI'

, " ,,,.,

",,"'",'''

VAXm;He Power Supply Block
""'H,'"
'"''
VAXmau' Pmn:f Supply SImplified Circilit Di.lgran.! .

,9-8

/\C ()K H

,9 j 1

'",,,

.ILl

B,2
.. C,2

' d ••

pnlgr"Hnfil.'::l'S or ">;ottv,;;,r{'

in the t~~~~~h_n.ica]
dO('l;:mt'lJtaUon kil
h~lr-d "'tvarf.:"7

8028(1 rn:~(~r-op_fof;eSSo()rl ~~:1
,{)1r"i. t'h(- bus ,~t'rllctU!\'~,

rnoclule ~
802:3-:7 BJath COl){'ocessor.

n,H~'fri~

d~cc{~t rr}t',fn,f)r\,' ~1cc-e'H~ C(H:Ttff)j.

,/, ,md :,
;..k,;;U'i be~ die

c'''')nt.r(,,~~

1n iJ

~:i de~cr?.l}(~;~; th(~ \\/A,}Lfilatt: p(j"Vei StlI)lyIY; lTl(;

le\t~J technical

and tJ~~~

G'haptel'* 1

Gel'leral Descriptiotl

, deSktop personal compmcr
th;H ~:XfC('tHCS lndu~trY·"tandal:d software in an Ethernet network enyjfomnenL
rhe .,(;,::",,"0[1( may
sc\'ct,d VAXm;H.{' \vorkstati.ons cOfmected
computer ;is

environment i~ referred to J1~:
An::hitecture

fhe'i,'AXmaH:' \vorksr:nlon also has a hard disk
dt~v.iccin an
s{} the VAXmatl.: can he configured as the net\vork
sr:,w:r The \'.AXmme work:muionwith the ('xpansion twx may also sen'c a~ ;l

compntet.
'B3.se

- The VAXmate wor.ic'1tation is
the\/,\Xm,uc "ysu:m unit (including the CPL,

And a mOU1'e

l'he SYSTem unit has the

features.

modes for text :tnd graphic"

The ~ystem

and contraSt conn:ob f,,~· the mnn~tnf on tht.: [cit !iide of tHe
\"\;"o.rl"sra:d ()O

Figure 1-2

VAXmate Workstation' Rear View

The '/AXmate base S'r'St{,11J
com pOlient~;,

'X'orkstati.oo
a,

Module

MClduk
c

CUT (Arnher or

RX):, 1,2

f. Pow\'r Supply
~!

l.K250 Keyboard

'/CRT)

3. Mouse

:L2Ll

CPO

fHou.ulf- has an 8 :vIll:t- 8n:}ti(~ p.rc~(-tSS{)1_· v~:-HJ~, ~Js:H)C'~,~.tte>d
DJVt"'\ (:~.HltrGI, jrn.errupr ~;()fr;:X(~!7 rHif;
~,!n(J f'Ofn ..
'fhe tno~juie als~) hH~~ a t:
\-ft-lz 80287 f_H-lHiCL1C (:(}pr(;C{~SS(lf {:~{n bt~ ;HJ(j;::d t.o
tirne!. An opHon;{l 5.
e:n h4U1CC the f,::PtT '''"V~t h
and {Hher 'c~ata typ.t::L
p~!rity

of ;\

1. rVlt)-ylt~ OlernOf'}' ~nodlilc '~-~Hl bt..: >'Edd,(~fl U)

;\11

Of usat~,le (l~<_(·fn.or)~
~~:)(} [_;i!~ ~}j t~O!)\ »Ial~ ~(:

rn.crn(,t);

1 "} _ ? n~:t ;>'i,t ~<1~ {)f

1.2,2
-rht~ I/()~\ride(j ~\'1·.odule accep,:~~ tJ1(:'

t11odtdc. 'The

rn(Joochrornt: r:rt1<
~()r i~~ ~apat)t,e

1·4

16·,bH tHi&',
HJ{)dUle

n."''''''"~-''', ~\\'ilhiq

th(- '\iti<iCtf ~_~o;r:T~)Lk~~~, the
! (} c_olor~~~ or t (} ~t.ade~~, ot: g1~ty

Te.xtand G,napbics features _. The VAX,rnare vidc'o
cont:cnHt'I' has d1<'. f'ol
indusfry,sumdard text and graphics featur{~~.

l (j font

i() background

levels pIllS the

levels, Or H
for cM'h color to hUnk

color

;r;,

20(1 i,-colors

Enh;l~n(>("nlE;~nts to Industry-Standanll7eaiurcs

Thf: videQ controller has
('nh,.rK<:n:u:ms to i.ndustry-sta.ndard f{:il.tlln~s.

tj';e

'*' Screen resolution i,~ (l"W horizontal pixt:ls by oiOO .;can line:'>. Tht:
200·!hH"

cad, scan Ii ae rw ice,
jJJ

Ch~jHt(H'f font tn~urix is 8

in a

horizontal
fooi for text nlOlks.

for flexibility in terminal emulation and

\\I

16bi! video fncnlorydat<l path, coupled 'v it Ii the
;:esu!Js in fast.er ;:;Cl"{:cn

Procet>sor '- The

pro(:eMorinchloes ,l parameter translation

ROM 68,45 CRT control, text video

up uAbk

<~ video look-

, and status ,wd contrQl

1,5

,'"

I i II

f)ell;":"'ra.l

.r}I/;;.r~~'if?r£{ !'J

The video controHer h<.l5 a 4
charaCI:'~f p,ar.t~rn:'~L 'rllr 'v~,deo
selcCtJOl'l of the c(;dc·t (n~

faster forn}~~ts

f(:~ji"t l~!"'-~v! fOf ill) to '2 ~ 61{H¥',)r(if,I".;\:l dut!. aHo,ys

SO~'~Je 'Fhfco C~"!Htf:tlt}et

m(){lt~5 h~J'~;'c ~l lDG(L:.~ nUl.ll1)-:-::(; Ltl(~"i,,--,~·ttir:_g ~:h,a~ ! hE: n:C:H~'j H1 ()S f~U f~rH)rr.j ftH;S{:~:

Hl("'d,cS :trt:: ~"t'vHjttbh; f~)f prqgf\~:;1-;rro,t=r:;,. 'r}le: (}jf["':f(:.nce

nlodt:.s

bcnv{,:~cn coI(:~r and .!noBo("hro:Dlf: llH)tlt:-: is the ~.):r·;:St~n,.;~f:: or

c.o~Qr bu~:st

nal in the

.tviode (}
Mode
IVlode 1
Mode :)

M.od.e 4

ylode '}
/'

",hue (}

Mode DO

l'.Iode: .0 I

}·6

1111 i

640 ><iOO r:l"ler lim::'> h accepts

.,ignals and digital video

from th~~ vldeo cootn!.llcr. A 4'hit digital.to-analog converter aI10\\'3
"ideo im<lg(:s to be
in up to 16 shades of gr:.l.y. The monitor

5wiu..:hcs to 250 scan or 400 scan operation \vhenever it recdvct' a control
from the vi.deo controller.
The CRT C,Hl be tiited
O! up'l.\'an.l to change your viewing
by
the bar located at the balic
the screen. Contrast and bfightn('~s
Cl,ntf,',L; ;lrt' hJ~'alcd on the left !'i/oe of ttl(' syStf'1n nniL

1. 2

1.2 Mbyte Diskette lldvc

The
;~ i" a 5- I /,'1 in, double-sided, dual·speed, haifhdghl, 9(~ tracb per:·
incb. diskette drive. It 11.1,.<; fuHRX;O single·~lded, read/wrhc compatibility
and industry·st:1I1dan:1 1.:~
compatibility

Diskeue Drive COl!Jtr(JU(:'l" ~. The floppv di!';k drive <:onuoJJer provides the
imerface bt;t\",';;~en tfH.: VAXm.lte workstation sv~tel1l bus and the d.i5kcw:::
drh'(' Tlw (:oI1!roHer f'mppore; the nX33 5·1
high-capacity diskette
drhf~ with stano:ud
bit) or hIgh capacity (500K
meoia,
The (:.mtrolkr operates in eithcr D;\'1A or non-1)MA motie, The controller nSt;S
DMA mode to rr:msfer data between it!';elf and the system memory. In orVI},
motk !he proo:ssor issues the comnland to the disk controller. Then, the
comtolkr and
Di\·lA, controller implement the data transfer In non,
DM.A mode. the disk (:onuoUelC generates interrupts to the processor each
time tilt" controller transfers a data hYH·.

1.2.4

Thin.Wire I~tht~rnet

The "lAX.mate \>;'orkstation inciudt's a.n iHtegml ThinW'irc Ethernet interface, a
12·ft c"bk. a
and a terminatOr. The. Thin\Vire Ethem('t interhK:e
enabks cJ.iI;tomers to connect multjpk'VA.Xmate workstations using small sec,
linn!'; of cable and simple connecrors, No tools arc needed to establish these
conne crJons.
Thhl,\X'ire: Ethernet js a cost,eft('ctive OleUlS of linking desktop computers,
such :1S the \j\Xmate, to tneMkroVI\X n The Eth(~.rnet has a 10 i\·1bH.s per
second data. mte. and is compatibk wjrh LEEE st;wdard 802,;) In addition, aH
Ethunet devices can (,:onoect to tht: Thin\'>;ljre Ethemet

Ii I

(;",?n('r~?}

]'ht' r~et'\v()rk In.r('rfac(,~, ~vh.i.ch rf'sj,'(les orO! tIle
li.rC~l :r'lt~tv~/n[k (::fHltrC!j Ier

111e LA.Zi-~(:,E .is ~1 10 T:vH)t~ IJet s!~c~Jn(1 (te"1't i.c(: th~:;t
~ hl:' ljG~~, ·lcve!
'fhc L.AI\i,(:E ~t!s.;;)
tl.lf: !(,~!~~rl ~t'::fo,· .. S{~h~;e

'rite SlA

,)[ tlh: CTLTllc SIA ,{Iso ill'!" a
frof.(], J 20 ~Jtlz

[he 5!frial COn1.nlu:nj,(':ltiorl~!' e11~,Tnt;;,.r!ts in ttle '\./A. XkTIAt{~ "'A/\,:H·k:_~t.;u.i{:n
~}nd

C(!H1m.OHicatiou:5 ftn'" lhc Cf_Hnr:l~jrl.Jc~ltj.fH1S pni-~.~ ~ he
the: rn,(lde-nl i?~)l'L 'Th(~sc. (~lcrnents
fuH. ;})()d~:-~.tq ~~:>~it::~()l

l)~-,hH:t rate genc.t~Jt():t ~ :·~n,d <:,~rt'"
apJ?tic;~tlons
d~1ttt bits, ;-1

l~h,e t('Cc ~vc d:at~l f )f!,n.~tf jfl·cr.ude~ ;t S~,41r~ 'bit,

hit (if

and 1, ] . ~,:' 2i (jf '2 SLOp

(:('Y'ffJ1I1(u'Jit::ati("JiJ.S 'p~)f't ,,-. "fhe connn~.rni{':atio:n port is ~nr(',;:faced yt~t ~1

f)--subn1ini,atur-e
\' tL"J.{f.matt:' \'"tOrkstHbt)n '-rbis ~":::\Jnne{~to_~ is

{)1:' tl1~~

js ~l
f{~(nah~\ f::3{}(i1!Iar (
(:cnfi,CCof th~,~ '}A,)::rnare v/(~fk~tat.~~.'H),. -rbt~ ~~f'fl~ll

f,ort com.mlrniC-4H~(;S '\\dth an .;\'S(JI
.
p,tnt('ocol
fh~~f
rr~i.r~~~rnit
dat:;,l and
r(::cei"'i/f,~ data . .It su:PP{)r.·~,3 t\\/{} ,(!:1Gd(::rn ~:·-ot~,tt\$~ U.nC5 and !,~

Key hoard
ey.{'(:ut~·s bOlh indusrry-snmdard ;md
on tht:V/\,Xluate "vol-ksratiQn. it aJsn hm.ctions OIl

lbe of [hi!'>

sped,!.l functions of
lahels to
"pcsoffv,'are. The

T'be \/AXnnxc mOWi~~ i.s the :-;t.mda.rd Digit~d. i.{10USC. It is a handheld pointing
devict' \,sefl w move the (ll(SOr anHllKl the V.'\X.m,:1tc <:ilk() di!>phty scrcen_ As
dv.- r:;lou·se j" H10V,-d
flat
the cursor :rnakcs ,·" .......P.,,"'"
;,lOVt;,llents on. the :,(:n~en
b placed at the
pen,s OfH::: of tIw mouse !.muons to m;!k,: your selection .
. miniature ci.fullar conneCt,:.l;'

figur~.'

VA.Xm.at(~ l\:f.ouse

J-9

The pmver
240 ~l.

The p,Y\ver
is a
cteliTers a11 lhe d<:
the CPU card,
tft:vices such j)S

1.2.9

lh:u'dwan::-

The
PC50X·AA

~rbt~ (}fyt i()1'1 ciltd (~:CH1JaLns

tnerDorv' Cf)11,ff{jt

;:tccc~~sed a'j

2S(;K

jndivh.1'nai byteS
dc(ectioH.

l\n ~:rrOf LEf) t~ _nlunl_fn~ttt:-(1 'vvl~t:n t~.Jt': J:H('Jnorv GJJth-:H1 (lecet:?'\ a
cr:n.)fo ;<fht~-re is total Ctf Si:~'v'(;:nl') -"(\;\/0 Z
Jt:\:\l f'
on

this t1h.'duk.

1··u)

6mwral Description

[]

n
L.J:

f~l

r---'l

0 r-~--J

l~J

n
LJ

[} C~

!Ii

PC50X~AA :2 MbytcMemQr-y Module Option

},11

fOf a
5,3~5 ~1JIL.

T'hi.":" OpLtfHJ. ~.S :;~-

LHP
I'his
instajlable. Flt".kl ~~ervi(~~~ H!U6t h'lSt.~d i it ~,~ ~)P-~ in-Xl

intc~ ~ :<K)C~.ct ort tht: (-:Pt. rrJ(·l(.hdt~

{}{ :;)~_: -f"~varra~.ltr

Ficl.d

'·12

'I"
1,1:
Box
Lim.t, :l.nd

l1ard;vare
l'he vA.Xmlit<: workslat1O.n "uppOj't~ ;! j>
irwh '.)[ ')
hKh
hard disk drive, \vhie.h re:~idei in Hw exth:(:7
b~)x (:an supb.,orr
the RD51 '!\ hard disk drive, \vhlcb com;lins 1:W'O double,
sided, 5mel! disks th<!1
of inaS$ :.,;ttJrag(~~ O~' ~·t cag sup_·
\Vilh ~ total of 20
vlhich contain:') t\VO
2·A hard
5inch (lJSKS thai

tht" sV's~~nl .pn)ccssor ,\v{th a t<>nll. (If :}O

lilt'

(jf rrHt~~;

ciystem C'Hi be b(\(HCd off th.:: hard

disk
Thi~ \'AXrnne 'workstation hard d.ii'K controller o.1nnt~<:t.s

rhe 11;;.rd disk '.trlve to rhc'Nod<;;,;Hion "y'stem tHJS, ALl
{'ontrol and data transfer:'> hetwe'(:U th( ~fstem proCf:'"sor
and the disk
w;e sySfeln
Direct

for the

slots for
on
box.

Box
j

l,i

H
iii

(~enerai

PC50X-]\IA

Til;;:: !nndern in()J~d<: h~,s ''1-vo,}H'du.l:).t
<"onr!ect{~r~" t l~::lt

Iln:)!. ;-udt~

\t~\}::'rna~t: \\7orkstai,r()n

keye{l~

H1,a)dular

t ;1('

Th::~· ~"Gi:nC~'t{}r

fqr'UI RC 1 : C

(;eneml Description 1111 j

DH"fPR

Digital Tbin\'?ire Ethernet M:.ult.ipon Repeater

The
ThinWire Ethernet Muhiport Repeater
(DIHvfPR) is a radial hub that connects up to
ThinWin:co~lxial cable segments, each up to 185 meters
.In length.
w
stations can be connected on each
;>;e:gnKflL for a total
Slauons.
'I1H:: DEiviPR can aiso be used as a stand-alone hub to Hnk
de~kmp systems i.n several offi("t:"s to a resource.sharing
network The D.E~'lPR can be placed on a "vall. in a ra<.:k,

or on a .able.
DBSTA

Digital ThinWire Ethernet Station Adaptt:r
The Digital ThinW'ire Ethernet Station Ada.prcr (D1':51'A) is
a (:ompaet Ethernet trans('I:,ivcr that is nsed to retrofit
st:andard Ethernet products for connection 10 Thin\\'ire
ctht'Tnet.

The DESTA has ~l .1
C(lnne(~:tOr at one end for
attachment w standard .Etherner d<:viccs, and a ENe
connector at the other end for connection to the
ThinWire Ethernet. The MkroVAX H 'i'\!(mld llS(' a DESTA
to l:.~ommuniclte to the VA,,,'Cmate '\.vorkstation over
Thin'.X'1re Ethernet cable.
fA'! 5-

Tht': IA/5 is a lO.,.I/-COSL Single-user, cmrylevd, dotmatrix companion primer for the VAXmate workst:uJou,
The LA!') features the
to insert single shects of
paper wilholltlTlUoving the continuous form paper, a
feed for etn"elope addrcssmg, and vety quiet
operation.
The LA 75 uses Digital primer protocols as ,"vell as
indust1)'<stand;ud protocols for text :lOd hit map graphics
The LN03 Pius is a !etter,qui.lit)' last'r printer that operates at 8 pages per minute. Uke the L\!''') , the LNG} USt:..
Digital printer protocols, With the addition of a plug-in
ROM
the LN03 pn)l,'ides industry-standard O),Il'
patlbHity.

This plug-in RO]l,l c'lrtf'idgc en,tbles the LN03 Plus to use
iuchJstry,standard protocols.

1-15

1.3 Country Specific Configurations
is ;1

PCI)OO·IlA
;\:lodei l'< umher

Component

LK250~AA

BN!9P! K

RX3)KOl

The
VAXmat(~

Blank RX~n dbkcw:

tables

COljnu,~

base :;ystem"

VAXmate
M{)dd
f'CS!)O

Screen
Coloi'

-11...

Green

,Be

·lm

Green

-BE

Green

Dcnm:;rk

Finland

·SF

Germ.allY

Green
·UK

Green

-HI.

Grl:"efl

Green

mtormati(Hi for

l'r;ll1ce

Canada
(itecn

Au.stralia and Nt'W Zeal.and

BZ
.A.fHbcr

-(:11

Amber

French Canada

Amber

Denmark

Arnbcr
finLUl~l

·CF

Italy
Fn:m: h Swiss
,"'cober

-eM

Amber

France

Amber

Canada

Arnber

Israel

Ambt:r
Amber

·FI)

Canada, hi··lingual
Amber

(;ana(\J. bHingual

1·17

i 1,;

(;f~jl eral

Base Syst(>nls

Base Systern

Model
Nnm.b('~t"

PC50x·{;n
PC500-X';
VS)(XX·AA
PCSOX-CB
01

HI0"U5;.C
'Jlt~, rl\'{~ i rf,~

1'(;;00(;2
"/;{X..-X }~-., IV\

I'CSOX-CB
RX';;

buLiding hlo('k
l~·~S~:X_)~ -:\A;.

nl()USz'

P(~50:{>(Jj

Th j 11 \,\/) fl.: <""''c. ' "

Mndd
Numb<t'r

llN19C-2E

t7~(H)199~12

BNl9H-2F

1'7 001 98-0~

HN!9K·2E

1-18

,
.L

HN 9P,IK

Nonh AID.erican, Japan, Mexico power

I ! ·00606·() 2;

DNl"'l>:m

Model
Numbell:"

LK2:'iO-A-\
LK250,AC
LK2S0-AD

Danish

IK250AF
LK2S0,,\(;

keyboard
German I;wguage
!taBarl

keyboar~1
S\"N:dl.~h language

LK250·AN

LK2S0·AR

kc"yboard

French

:.>.ugu",l':C keyboard

Hebrew

keyboard

language keyboard
LK2)(H~D

Canadian 01,1

langnagc keyboard

VAXmate Manual

Or another

manuar.

L ~8
the
of the. \/jLXruatJ.' 'fr;vorkstJrtCH) C(HnJH}rH.~nts.
The optional components appear in das:hcd lin'5, Th(" CPU module and the
m,oduic us~: a COfnm<:,n bus ,;) co,mnnwicate\vith one a,lhltheL ,lod wah
de-F!ll:CS" '\t:'\X:,r.:nare '\vcJrk:ir.atinn C{lfU pou,enrs con-·

valuabk

\'.'ithout usn:g .he
tern aJso C()rtrH~(_:t~ to the SYStC1Il i:-HJ~
'llH:: rrt,c(',~sor ~tJSG

(h,e bus takes
'1'0(' bus J.iso cX!eiId!'. intn the
If inf;ta! i.<:d, Ll;'vices, stlch as
the h2rd disk c{)n(rcdJ{~r . also
rctpJCst5 on the bus.
~tand.ard (}ptiop,~ plu.ggcd inHJ
box card cage (arJ ~d~o lJ::,t~ th~s
bt~s. l'h(~
bGx' b(:ts its 0\\/%1 po\ycr Ci),ntfi.)Iier" f,~)
option:>, There are also nvc Lithium
realAimc
limer ()f)

}·20

Chapter 2
nltlte CPlI1tloduie

2.1

totr'oduction

Th(" VAXrna((" central processor unit
) modllie is a single-board module
th~,t contains a dock
, central pf(.)c(~s$(}r Hoit, coprooessor, ooe
control ('ircuitry, lnterrupt GJ11tmUcrs, direct memory
real-lime dock, 3-chH!111d ('oumer/limer, keybo"J'd,
It a.lso cOHtai.ns buffers
and (;OUnlers,
l,VhH,:h ai:{: ust:d to .intcrfan:' v'lriOU5 hus structures \vlthin thf~ module,

C. (~nntains <1 det;ukd bk;ck diagran:.\ of the CPU rnodule,

'T,he (~Pl) JDodnh" t~h-~c.k svs~_ern is rnn
Print SeL 'P(~5GO (~PL l86, Shc~·~ _~~ tha~

oscillator

\rLS! 80186 (entr81

BO:l87 C{)PtOCC-~sor is a hig11 r}t:rJ{)rn]~,tncc nUHICri(- pn,;ces::-()(" d]~iI:
"vlth th<: ;u..1dHion of
tiOfl"S froTH t!:1,C (:'Pt,t, antI rly'j(~essf:,s tile

\vith the CP1'.

"fhe t)asjc \t>~:Xnlat{~ ",\~T}rkstati{)n cor.nptl1,er il1(:,TIH.il"}of RO:VfmemOf)'An additional

0.1 RA~1
H;';:'v! merno{,

The
RAM mcmon" C:Otl.neCL$ to the' 16·hlr bus, The 1111'fnor y h<l'" ~j
n.Jil.x.lnmrtl dan ;iccess tirm' of I SO os. a Column Addre~s Strobe;KC(~$S
dmt: vi 7:S ns, and a
tl nIt:' of less r.han ~~ 75 H&
mdudi.c1i one 'NaI!
l'his rn,t:.mory' COnti,iSiS of (,vn· bank;:{ (bank () an,d h~Hlk ~) each. C(Hltaht·
Hlg fW'G
;~ ';1 RAMs \"iii;, h byH'
;l nd
;.! - '1 ,
R.cJ\,iYi'

r::fresh controller rcfrel-ihes the

of si~" bus
50 nano:-n:onds pe,
refrt.51Kd nery 4 microseconds
Th.e total mnnory addn:.s8 ~p;1Ce is
acc{~% ;no,Ji~s~ H~;,t\ addrc,<;s rl:1ocit'

1. ";
IkGl;!:>[~ ')ll'C

\lemoi'Y Address
th(~ firSl

of iL\~I is

into tbree

addf{~s!, spaces: 000000-09FFFt: ODOOotQJrlTFF, clnd F20000-

RAM. jsmapped imo ;1

4 ~/-), F i f",/ ~)LT
-

~-.f..

C:1.t Kg
S\"z:"';"f::'J) !~O:\'; {H;:<~.L {:.,f)~)R.ESS f\'~CDF~

121-1B
..::':.

2:}G fC:cB
PR(3CFSSC;R 80Ah:J R.':'c?vl

Gl(i ;-<'t-'

RCSlfVt:G
B4 t(.H
S\·-;::;-~~\1

I:; Of-A ~p)'{G l Eel'

ROM

ibe ~rStf:'frt S~",,'-it~hLS to "fl(~J;d. ,J.'l.(iJfCSS ~\~c~d{\ t~:l£:" ,R()'!vJ i .;; iIcces~';cd ih th.C' In\:;J{~r'
iid dr/~~:Ss r::.i. !lCC2-2~

-.---"""1

r~'-·

. •
~'~~-i

3'-);< y t:

R()f,·'

iJ
~

1:';'?;7 8

r-~',;,:,<? :;~~:- .,..

LOVV

B'-'H

L _~.~....~,

__ "'_--.- ,_~J

ROM

J"temory Option
provldt'S the \':,Xmatt: \vork"tatioo,vHh additional
jf' mounted on :l
the CPU modu.le

it 62'pJn (;onnenoriVkmGfY

rno(k i.~ ide.I.Hical

to tht' CPU Jlit'mOr" Each conta.ins an additional \"\,~jjt t!t~HC in the t;tandard
os Hlt:mOfT
erro:r d(~tt~ctl{)n,.

1<; dccod.;,d from the Cnlatched Add.re~:,s

,felt! is

~(EoGtttd <lS shown i.n cJ\lhk 2·1, Fignre '2-2 show", the locati(}f1 of the 2: Mbyte

rncmoty

spatCt,·.

The S0286 CPU nmH .operate in

mem,

orv

normal
one memory h,mk is enabled at
;1 tiflH', AU four banks arecnabkd cSH1HlltaTIeOUSlV
refresh
The

contains: four banks oJ dynamic memory and .n.l.emt:wy control
Prirn Set 1'(:500 RAJ"! HD, :.:,he(;ts'i and
' Each m.:mnr'c
Data m;{'\' iu;~cess('dm
{,icte(,tiol1 \i('hel1 th(' nwrnorr

3) is iIlwnhlilted, The. CPt:
Gln en:!i)k or disable tht· tED using the :EN

peBK Ii

i.PC500 CPU

sheet 11)

RAf',J

the mt~mo,v

~ A;.; memjoI1ed

pP::cc5~Gr t)o:Jr{l. H!~a_d

an: compicted If) three CPU dock
cycle is for addre% hold Um{: from
time for the ":U(TctH: nus
(nndorn re,;,d or
,\'iitire

Refresh

~1 nd a'<lar(:Sf'; St:tt! p
C"~.V::)%~~4n~j t::i,tne

r\v(? 'r[~\,vs c.f tl!1~':
f:P tT DJ.od u It.~ rtI!i-.~·/~ t.:\:t:>'"y j {) ,n] l!-,~r(~sc ~-': onds <I"rat:' {:l)tl H}O{J

,~r ~rhe pn:)cess~-y!' J)l\'t~ corltt'(}~h:~r r!:fre-she~~

tnefnorv

ule gcn(~rates and t.f~HlSfnits !JJ t refr(~~~;h addrt~·:~,~(~S ,~in.fJ re,fr'cS_~1
the rncrnory O{rti(!n

r(·.fre~h ~nod~,,~

is t'iJ

"fhe (~prT rcfr1t;shf~:j jts on .. l'"h)~iJ"~d, ,cnc_~_'n~

1J1(; ,rn~:rD.(ltv

rnodule

Bus
Thf:re arc !',.\,'(} separaw
workstation ~t It.,hit bu:;
j (i·bit

StrU,ctttrc.

srrV-§fat1(larn bUf' 'Srf,,:ctUfC' within the VAXmate

an 8~bit bus-

of the

,.. .....
I

')Ii

CPU DATA BUS
'STRUCfUHE

GA-Y-':-,

L_, B~jH.'_E._:1E_._ - l

Figure 2·4

CPll Data Bus Structure

2-9

ri1(~\\nory'

r.e:a{l or ,rr.j.t~·ruoX'J' '"\\\Tri:.e C()n1c:'l:f,,~d tirn:k~. "fht, ~. hird

"A,;ait st~i~e ~(: c?;t('nd d:1{~ C()~H~:na:n:,J -::inJ(: iU1 ~H.~~iJh~on;11 (~Io~~i'~

.J'~LI.~E::5

'SlUe

;.5 an :ltH.orn;iU.{':
'l'l',~e

proc:es

Ref.
:\0.

2.0
DA.TA hold ff<)lfl 1>tE:Vt\X'
1.0

'..LE valid 'fl CLOCK

DATA hold from ;l.tEMW

7
stabk H! CL()(:K fall
.\ddres<;

huld from CLOCK blling

Nf)11!

An parameters ~L"sume total bus load of 50

The bus clock

H) i.s
to the 80286
80286 dock by 3 n~ mn.ximnm<

rhe 16·bit I/O
start of comm,llld it,
eye Ie for serf
u P dl'~ addre"s
(J 6
a
{·:rl~t~;li,'·

and sys:em
p;jfarnct(~£-S_

:)/'.1)',

2~12

~'lt(· ~tL~G ;:~'CtIF~'?

'I~;,bh~~

2 3 li~t~ the

Ref

Miuhnum
(n:>,

1'\0"

iltbndmnm

(us)

from CtOCK

UXIA hold from lOR

C;\JO qisabJe horn CLOCK

edge

D.,o,TA valid tWill IO\\i

9
1(;

(}

, 1
i. .\

II)

C.iVI.D

ft~)ill CLOCK

DA!~\ v;Ilid from IO\V

DAr", hold from 10\"": tfrliHng

C:,\U) di~lbk from CLOCK rifimg

265

:VOl'lJ

All parameters as/',u1I1t.' total bus load of 50 pI.' The hu:-> clock
is syndJ1'Qlwus W the 80286 dock. hut rnaykad the
80286 dock by :-} ns maximum.

t.1";·,U.lsf{~r..;; O'C:CUl.' aut~)rIl.~Ji

is Hot ;a~S(~rte<J i
Addre:ss hoh~.! and addre:-.s setup

dock

1 SOO n~,

.~~.Ji::>

foAEMf

fiE!>J·
fit; T"

:",E"'/CMh,_.

Cc.ulmimd 1l)11';'

and i~dudes fov1:\\;tit stares~ thus

Rd~

Minimum

No.

(n..,)

26 :5

DATA hokl fwm M.f';\1R

D'\T:" validlp)w MEMW' tTailing

ON!.A r,nlll I'rnrn IVWM\V
All v:lUd t;;) CLOCK

?- i

DX.m. hold frofn :M.E\f\\i' trailing

C\!D di,,;lbh: fiO!),1 CU)(](

hold fn.nn CLOCK

26.S

{)

IVtnl~

All pHramelers assume total bus load of 50
Tht: bus cln~'k
•...•••,•..,'.,.J,:, HI i~
to the 80286 dod:, bllt rnav lead the
\,Jock

;) ns maxilllUIn,

me 2·8) .'\'.cldress hold and
6-:/2 dock
this pfQCe~S i,~ "I 125 as.

i09 Lf:IC::;
I(j'!'.:' L.CHJW

2-16

an~j C'{)rnnl:tu~l

/"i. c:lt)cJ(

t1.m.e

"~'/i.:U[ :jt,ate§

'fJ-tc:

tiCHe f~Jr-

~:4.;': mate CPt.' ,tiodule

R<:'f.

Minimum

l\laxhruull

No.

(os)

(ns)

eM!)

edge from CLOCK rising

C;Vi)) disable f.om. CLO(:K rhing

o
A.tE \;l.lid to C:tOCK

21
18

<:dge from CLOCK f;tUiog

265

26.5

NOTE

All p:uamctr.:rs astiutnc total bus toad of SO pF The bus d(lck
rI) is
[0 the 80286 dock. but may k~td the
dock by :3 ns maximuflL

iii; i

,;&, '" ~

rC(F~(~st:'i,

tl':z::, (,. Pt,:

(kt,crrn i ne t be

r~l~::' (~)rH,r')] i.f:r- Rhe~t

i'bi;:': ~(hjTC;';~- 'J':;{ ti!t~- inIC!TUpt,
~ ~ tc~~,(;_sj\,:t'-S. rH <,}gr;~r.n C_,;~~Ct'-:tJ'

qf ?5(

·'f r~J-(J gra n.1

rn!J~t rcr:.{\
ilr~:ef.rUr~L

2,.l8

t;"te SC-Jt!iS :,jt~::put (~f i,-he :~(Ju:t{_-:{:.:-; fell del~':,"frni ('1(: t1){'

res!}lv;;, th.c

,eque;,ts.

ti:w vector number of the

" each controller handles dghl
rrl{: {'ontmLlers ,Ire

The

identicaL

of the slave (controller
H) of the ( ! l a s t e r l ') lb('
of ,.l1e ma~;jer is cOJ1lH:cted <'0 the PiNTR H
uf the 80286 <:PU.

Priority

'';.4

.j<

Tc.1

The
C0n.ttol
i!(.{'epts t\'\'o rypes nf command words frotn the
CPU: an Iniriali.zatJof' (:onul1:md \'Word
and ~m OmpUt Command \Vord
'fhc l(;t,1,' regl"it(:!'S
tilt, ii"V5Hc:rn (0 a
srOH: V'H'jous ';:OfltrO! fOtmals for de/lee

'fh,,;: OC\\/

tX'llltl'oHef h;lS tnany
it h.,.,..
!\V{j
pons, 1hble 2-7 fiho~~'5 tbf ma"ter and slave

;uldresses,

OOA 111

A brkf

of the interrupt ,;ontroHcr

h:lidaHza.tioo Comnu.;t.d Vfords-, There arc rOll!" j!llllal1z<ltion comm,and
words
I
conditions of tht: interrupt
wducn
inid;diz;ltj(m The ,interrupt controlh::r~, do nor have a hanjv.'aren:sct. After P;)\\Tl' i:-,
to the S~'Btem, the
O)nLf(JUen ,1re in an undeflm:d,>late notl!
ar\~ initialized,
VA Xmate
('ontroHCf,:;,
From
I'\VO
to
fonr
initiahzastan up code initializes the
don CODlllKtnd \vords an'
to iflijjaliz(~ the
controlkr.
The
controner
ie\",' l as the smrt of {he injti:dization
scql2::n(t:, leW'l n.::sets tbe (:ontroHer as fol io\vs
1. The
mode and the
sense
c\n::u;t is reset. After initialization,. an intern.1 pi. reqw:,:"t input (IRQ H)
rnust be madt; to the eommHer to generate an intt~lTU pL

CCifHH1~Uld \;lords C()'nlnl;~tn,(t th(7

l:o!~H~olter HJ (}p(,;r{'U,4? ill

words GIn be
j Hto 1he
;dt("r iniUahration as \)p"~fati(}n command '"voids

mOdt:£L'fhe

m.~lsk

or ::{Ul(lfllati<:,
rnodcpriority to a t l i n t n ·
Eel!. the controller a""w.n ..~s Ihat the actlH; HUe;:

!{J\V,;~st

If that interrupt

nrH:il it bCCLHTi(~S t11(":
are i f"la-t_:tt '/e ~

Fot'

,~'i(h

ttl;:

flex-x
Before- rot2~LGn ~ it: -:-;er\/v:t~- bJt 2 has th~~
ftJlh}"\\r

()

Fi. Alnuie t;PU liir.,dule

Bits

t....-.

l'otatiQO [n thistnethod
fixing all other
ror
, if
as the lowl:'st
, th("H intt~f'
The S('~l Priorltv oJmmand is issued in

,YIL'''-'eUa M~lSk

tine m
service
{'lit ion

may require an mtcn:upt service nm·
The
W;'Hlt to disahle hJ",\' priority requc:'H.5 fiar
of its
"ome k,w
a. another
during el;;(',
mod!:' is issued Hsing Output control \",old 3
enables interrupts b)'
dR' mask

MO'de -. Some

strtHe'tUte during prngrafll exccmj{ll1

,n1(~tl"!oo ~-nay ;;'d5~)

··{'h.e

be !.!s(,:,d {~':

CfJ:t!;n-E,~nd f~·: iss-~'~,{.:d ti,;itt}g ()("'\7/'3

is is::;ued

the CPt"

onto the

data bllb that is read

the c(>11Holki" tQ

the CPO.

T11<: liM of c"cnt~ and the flo,",,, chart t.hat folh,,,,i,',,. descrH'K'
2- i

S)/-StelH

of a. sutte Ot event is an addition;;!
Sl.atement
to the next state .yr t~"\ient, In this section, ,!Ssume that rhe
~'f'mrolkr", arc iniljn.l.iz:ed .
.!,

fhc

('omrolkr b idle umU ooe or rnm'i: inter'ruJH contruller
\'i:?hen one Of rno.n:
liuf;S att'
go tG

Unt~" bcnmlc :Jctlyc

If ,my of the
wise . go to 3·.

inpms are

If the ,xintroUeris
go to /,

6. If any interrupt has a
CPL, {}C;<;t

for an end of

go t.o

priority than Ihc one

tn{, jntt'rfIJfH5 and. go to '7~, (H.hcr\C\l:se go [,0 8

7 The c.ont.roller ,K<tlVates itS internJpt request ompm line
and walts for an
16

from tlw

a, If •. he
(omrollct Input indicates a slave
the "la,',:
interrupt nutfHlt line (lRQ2
<'Ctiv,ltes the master
control,
ler
inpm (the master imerrupl pwn~5'-; :;wrr.s ,H
,Hl(c
mpm b<;;comes the
prkJrity I1M6ter interrupt IHle that is
a.::t.'vc and the rn,{ster o)ntroller arrives at thiS point. At this tiW(c
hoth masaer ,m:::! slav{: controHer~ grt:.'
for the CPt,

b, In eichef G1Se, the master contro.l!ef ;JctJvares its
fl'q'.a':st Line
H). \vhid.i
an ext(~J'J:lal latch and drives thi" (PC !HH:!rupt request input
c. When the CPt: ["'quest
{he intl.:t.rupt C<':<Htf<,;Hcr conhec~}oJe, ~~cti~l(; du.r~
timH:'s to wait. If othcr
g(} tf) 2
\X.'hen rht (J>l; n~:(lL)c<-~t
Lhi~ waiting
bled the CPl.: ,lCCt:pts the f1::4ucst ;wd
16 L).

d \''('ben the imerrupt. U)furoHec fl..:u:i'.t:s
prionty bit in tfK in-se':'vio'
cOrft~5portd_il'_g bit

in t.rle

the contfolkr W
e, Nun, the (:P( lSM1.t:5 a second
'i_-nntrollt~~~r ilC(~(~l'tS thf:
minc:s ,v!1cther or nor rhe

controller
con t.rol. k'r
input/output

controller. the master conttoller
nlpt input number t).

controller to

tht:

stacks th.c cnrreta

that is

The
C01fHU,lnd, \,nH.~n ,1 slavf:

(Jccurs
an EOl comm.<Hld.
g~) t{) ~ti:rj -'} \1;dlClt 'thl~ (:Pt, \~VTH(~s the end, (~f lntCf'~

rupt command, go to Mep 1.

{H5h:. 'rl''iJs ~('.(.}ntr{tHcr gl.lfJports 8-bit ;;:'j;lL':" ~:LtHsfs.:.rs O'~l{:~t {{lUi ind,('··
[.('V1/1. 't~Jlannt:ls~ C~l(:tl"

1)1t-8 t,!1,\"':'"B/"~~:~
tHC5

S, ft~ 1~ (; ~ K, ;;~(f(-:n:.;'s.". :::u,~.l~ -":A'(}rd c,ou nx (~;i r?~~-

n07~' :O:JO

1------····

.....--_ _.• __ ._-.. _- -..

\!vnn~ {O~,H:\i~'}jih.. ~

- ~---

.....

e:· ,31 f{EOUt;ST ig~37 Hl.~:; HI
1

",.......~-----~.,""'----

- --

- - - ' , - - , -~~

231

t-J,~)

Figure 2·14

DMA Add

'file l)I\ta~_ C(JfllTO.' let oper~ues j n t'\V;;)
c()n.~i~ts of frorH

oue t(~ S{,7Ven stau~s~ ta(~11

i(H,(~ an{: ;~_,:.:.~tive,

onf~ fuJI

duration, Table l-9 d~,:scrihes the V~,u{,U" com.r"Hff :it,Hes

liacb device

.c1,Oi..:k', p{:'rit)tJ ,in

ll\.lcti'jJ{~ 7\t;;tt(~; i"~() 'V;;ltj;J [):'\fi~". a~i.}HeSL~!

1) \',L,j~ {-;.')n t rr,~J Ic~r

btn tl1{~ fH~OCf:~~Ol bitS nor t't:turn<:(j ~1J1
the Cf\ij\, L;:~JI ~-nB).h1JJ{~ ufnH ~:hc

2.8.LJ

Devke

D£;,1.>\
the DMA
inactive stales
in the kUe
data request Hnes
DRQO
t'very dock
to detel'f'nine jf ~t (:hannd is
service
The cnnlroHer abo
5dect
l)l\fA CS L in
2·1 ), to determine H
to ('omn::mnkatf:\,,'jth the DlVu\
coutmHcL It D:\I!,> CS L is at:!i.'/C and tht~ CPC has
from or
the CPP can progral'n the D:ct/, controller

Idlf:

c(tn~~1"ollf"r irlt<:~rnttl

A.d:ivc Cycle -.. Ill(' :Ktiv{"
's eflteted froll! the idle
",,;hen :.
nm,'n;;sked channd rt'<lui':Stf.. .O!\L\. Serllef. \>;!hen (his oeG)';-!'!. the control. let
i~sli"S a hold
to tht: CPt, ;1nd enters the acth'f:
",,:n~:te Transfct' Mode
'fhe lH1A (ont1Qlkr
·;me u;1nsfer. After
the l!',wsfer. lhe \vonj coum is decremented, ;lnd the add:n:.:s:- is eit.her deere·

initlallzc the sf~kc:ted 1:".;omrl5,ked channel 10 IX;:; orig.in<d value if .it h~d been
When T
1 occurs, thf 823'( terminates service ctnd
resets Lhe
In
r<;
tlIt: Ha~t' '~'{'ord COunt
to dk' Current
\Vonj Cuunt
<lnd Cuaent Base Addf('~s
'.11' the ~~'le(:ted chan·
nd The m;'lsk bit and 'r
bit in Ihe Status W h , d a r e sct to the active
chrmul;'i
the end of proC(~SS
unless the channel .is prograrll'
llw:d t~)r ~mo'lOitJaJize,

prC;.t.~f;:.4-~30f'. \\r'hf~n
a'(~{.~': he r

5;~·;;lrt C,;%LiSt' ;,,~n ~~,!jtfJ-,.i!'~dti{l~i:,:;r: h) ()CCUf . .::\ pro~r~H.n ~hOtlh::~ ~:i.rni.t

thds r.ntH.:~C td

fc:nr tr~·H1sfers ;)C't d..t·frl;J.,nd, t;) r~rev{"~:-:{ 'int(~rJt:re.nCt,: V""Et ri L/~.,.,~'('~J~

dt'\r{(~~:

t()

~T.tf2~tJ.O,~,"V. a.L~d

t.ilL (~}lltrQner" ;,)fJer(ttcs d.'S .it it \vcr(~

Io;,;Js the ;::Uff('Hi
:md b;l~'
the O,\1A sen'ju:, 'X'lwn the channel {.;; if! amo-.lnitializt:
mod,;, the m.;lsk bH is not SCI" Aftn 3uli"initblh:ation and a D.MA rlqucst if;
tIle d"lnnef C,:111 pednrm DrvlA sCfvkx: without. CPt: itlu':rvc:ntinn .

.')

- Th<' channel

·\i~1;hH:; ioU1.d ;;l~J (1tber ch;lfln-ets fotat(" to the !'H~·.xt

addrcssb! ts (I
un the
data hues
, and,H(' OUtput in an extern;d
latch aU.d tilt:n
nn the sy'ste.m addn.":\s bus
at ciJne sl.;;tc :>1 ,
The Io\,\',onkr hiLs ,lJ:e
f(OI:11. chi:: OJv!A ;,,:Ol1tcoU('l' to the "YSl,,:!.)}
3ddtess hus, 'For
sllch as block a.n.t1 dem:wd rfC!nsi'ers the
;~.ddH'S<;eS are
ly, The data j n the· fc1(l.t'rn~\ L:Udl
(an n::main l.he sam ..' for many
has to be

when it borrow Of ('arry takes
r!ltdt(',>sf~&, The controHef eXfcute, 81
~')rdC'-c

2 .. 8~2

in the normal sequen(';: of

;>(:ttc:;,when an l

~,~

IJM:\ :Pagc )l(~glstc:rs

The .DM:.,.". fr,.{gt~
by the 8237A O,\'1.A

,.vhi(.;.b
vid~.· add.ress references to

16 ;'VIIYilT!>'"

cornmands,

tmd the pag(:
cunnol is

of U:w bigh

i! ]II ~:~ )(mate cPt' .Uotlu!e
The D.\lA page
Port

\vhich an.; write
OMA
(;hail.Hcl

081 tl
082 r{

083 H
I)

Olt 7-0, SAI6.

t003-0

t;lkt~ ~i:{)n trol. of tIle
COl1t~;)l bt;:(-Ofl)'CS th'i:~

\'~;};rna~.-e hl~5 frf)fl.t t,b~~ rl'tOt,X:~s.sor t)1)~.t,~<-·d"

a;q Jo11cPl<S

r('c_(::--~-t/es

frorn thf~: j:)r{)'t"'es~,~,,)r; th{': blJS l'ia~ l'\t:t:n
th(i> erHJft; bus fYla:5t'{~r
AJJI 1i.. ~,nd £\}}:~"J

tl'\t:;

rl:!t~~~~$c:d t{} t:h~:;

f-J arc hel,,1 gn tt~e ~lsr1t,:,~?:t(>:j ;,;(~-;te-,
::-",A i
sr) -J '?·,SI)t'). Jf rlJ,e ~tddri:ss is fro~lJJ
aJld f,;vlL.}\:in .L i~ a_~serte~j. thc,:- r)fQCCSj~(H'- t.~~~L.i.r~j aS2if:,fts j\'f.li~'ln I,

Th{~

iJ"lH
"vin \",-in, and the
f~~(Jue~l \\:iH t~i~ ~~!'1/i{~ed

request

the
l=eq\.!Cst ;:)('(~~tr5 l.iefo-re t.h_t,~
",-iE
be scrvk::("'d hcfon: tht:

req'.£t'''< dUl: Wi{S h(,/(I
80136 CFtf IlS(':, the

pD.::-pOS!": :H'(: hllS

<md LA"'i

f'U !C:f.; ~tr~_~-' n::qu i..r~~..:l f~)t L.t\I'~- ~tls:ige.

The bus S!Kltlk' O{;t tw held iot mor,~ than ~, mi('f()';{'cond" afr...:r
Lltt~J\(]( L L~ re(~(;:"jv{,:~d- 'fhi~ ;dl(J'v:~~s ot.ber trn,S n';;Jistt"r~ hJ U5~~

the b'U.s for

I is de:a5St:ned. th(' LA~" slK,rdd not reqtKSt the :1US uU.a
! 25 liS afHT L\NAC};,. L b: ~!.e;is;.;erted This a 1.1.0,\\,:-, the R237AcOHI..tnUer m
hl:;{,OO1t' bus ma~ter it' it has ,; !'Ciluest jJt'ndHlg
\}\/hen

8EFRfSH
1-'""~'-- -~--->-- .~~,--.

DAr-l RE:.C~UL;~T

L J

'I'hc 8237}\ I)?tJAi., conu"(;l Ier arlr.)\V~; the tfansf(~f c~f (Jal~t.. fr<)nl :1
.in mern_f~rv ~ as prografurned

of dat,l

send It ;n::·(~~uf·:;ts ::,,(~f1tlc,e i\~'()rn {he [:'J\t:\ c.(}ntr(;.lh:~.r ()VCf the [JR(}2 }j
2-17).Thc comnli.k'.r then
a reqlK'."r
sVl:it{~m. Thr." pro...:(~s~or
btt5- '''..~;r,bcn t!u: c{>1]r.:J'n!ier

the

data bufh::r. Il1e !Uf~'n;,o,f)'
t:IC" d.;;~t;l t~) fle :r!~ad fr(l'Hl
on ~f~t(~lr~ add.}a~s~ lines
!oc,atiori "';(i\"'h{~'re tht" d,tlta is tf) 1)(: ~t0r('(f is
and tht.; cooxr()lt(~r lS-5ues tht:: lrle1.n,(}r~v \\;rit't~ cG~nrroi
,vhid\ aUows the d;1t;~ to h{: written to m{~Hl(H·Y.

t~ 'Vll~ch aJ!fF~~V,»

IORi.

2-1i

Tittle Clock

DMA Read

CMOSR.AM

I'he ~,!7AKm.~l!.e CPt' bnard !r.:.tsan 'I,;!CIA6818 t{,;l[·dnw
uJ.etaJ·otdde
RA:\·} rcs:hJent no ;i
..,..'5 Vdc iron} the
\'v(Jrlc~tr~tjCf(-n

i5
box ~;'ihen ttlt:: 'work"'<l.tl(>fl
n,,·o l;,hhH'tt b.'i.tterk:.

;'!:!

; i I! !~4){lJWt'" CPU Module

t.ram

The RTC (Figure 2· Un functions under the C{}1Jtl'ol of a pr,xe<;S'}f prcgrRm in
the RO!l.'1 HI():') {basic
2,9,1.1
Th,~

I:nput/()utpnt

processor program conunnnicues \\itb 111(; RTC

thc 8-bil

(inptlt/omput) bus. The processor progrartl s('mJs cow 1'01. f-tmus, afl!1:',;;iS, :wd
(lata si~~n~ls t(} the lrr(': 'Jlle bus int(;rfac(~; \"'\7}l,(cb. is at: 8·'·bit. ;,at(~h on rht'
receives
data
and sends
alann. and calendar dara ,0 the
I/O bus Since the RTf: functions as an on~board
IOGl.1
1)
bit transfers OCC'HI';U <II .125 n'> ,ilte, This bus
sor
with ,,("VCD '\ovan states added,

2.9.L2Addrcss
The bu& interface control'! aU
from the 1',.OC;:550r progeuu !(' nl\::: RlC
Addresses from the processor program cau select up to 64
of
50
are mH de([lcaH~d to rhe RTC i\."':~Hl,Jble rncrno:q" ill) the H,TC
tOj' controi and status
A
<Jnd 1 0 RAM
calendar, and ahem da(:l, The processor progtam <23.11 vi.·r~u; the
address of [he RAM, !hen t't'ad/write data
(. '. aU
ters C and D, \'\-"!lien are rcad-ord r Bit "7 of
/'t and the seconds
a.bo. HIt 7 flf the senmd

240

;f
:..:-'

:<;;

;;
\,t'
s
<t

.2
'..>':i

tr::

••>J

1.."
r

.. Programmable

~i, st:-tles of di'vidcr ~;i.P~

base prcse-fHs tlH'

pt\J<g.nuFl

,As the ii'Hie
the ~.Jivider· tap'5 ttH~ I}rocAc,'·~·sor
t.h(~' 'fr'~ '(- tj rae bast; st;Jrt ~)r
1

Figure 2=19 ,iIh-J.stJ'f,1Jes the Iurtlc~ion~d 1)lc~(k5 of the it'f'C.

rLat fnOc~'V dCSCfit)~ tht~s.t: bJ,()cks _ See tb(: l~4)~.:~trl(itt'1
Grelle!! "'hull!al
OI.l

d.1'> RTf.:.

::trtd VSS
of 2.0 \::

The bus HHIO'rf~lC(~ ~efyeS to latch the
CE t, {tofU the ROlYI UJO$ itno RA"vL

.
~

comr{.ls all bus
tn thc RT(; \x-hcn dit' puwcr
,-5 V to the CPt; tllOdule CE L _i>: as,'l(:rte:l and n:m:!..!';'}:::
"sse-ned. until tht> PO,V('"f SQun:t' removes ...;·S V The processor progranl
GHl
the ETC as long: ;lS the CPC rHodu!e !,';
on the
\,,'hen tnt' \~;):Xr:naa: ,\\'orkstation js

aod the RTC: ftln~~tj;}flS

backllp, CE L is dfU':Isert<:d ,I\, puUup fes,I~iur holds eE L

,-,'heth!":, t.he current
\\;/h{~n \,\R t

is a ,vrite ,)l[r>.;,vL
occurs, Wben WN L is

dt:;l;;;fWft._'d am! DS H 1s

3, The AS
pr(lCCB50f l)fogram '\'7<111;:'> to

At the

cd'

it activatf:s the AS
the hus int.erface taH:h(c'l tht: Jddri;;~:L

,J...

h,i,en,tifi('"~ t.hc tiffle
-,:vhcn the 'RT(:; drIves thr ):YtlS
",,-hI! read d~ta
tht' prQc{;:ssor prognwl \''>'rixes to (;r read" trom
port
ill, it ;,('tivates the

Th(~ ,<\1)7-0 sIgnals aft

bidirectional <tdd,'f:SS ;md (fat.;:! Eoes to
tmo:; presents in.:: <lddress tv {he 1.Ll'c: H!t(;i'fau'
,he
of Ihe hus
and presents the data to. thl::: bus imerr;,cc

th(~ Rl'C.,The

fifst

prOCCS50rprognnl !Cl,WS tti';;
0070H. It s~:'ndg the

pctt O()'";'lll.

1. "The ptO(-cs~;or prograrn u:s{,~s L~le l'S
l~in1e

:n {~on;('nI ;:.he \J~]}.i(l ~Hi\~l ;In,d
rJ}("
'i·l*~·;J:.~/S \'\,:-HJ! ~~;.

ft~,rli.~,t.:ic;.n5 i~'";

v.ithoU!

b. If the \~:\.Xm;Hework;;t2tjon docs NH have

th~~

ho1.ds

nal
~~OO Hlillh;eco-nd.s.

t;or

\\,"hen PS 1~

VRT functHln is dec/xed. Thi.s indicAn:'> that th~." ,:ontt:ntc; of
time
and (:akortu· an:: not
;:~t:{t \Vhen dl('
,voft:~tati(}n Cflflttl1CtlCes nJ)ttn,af

D
/\ 1 hrou~~h [} arc

during the

H-I) it
r nat. fhc rtfO( eS:1cn~ r~rt)gt~in1 c.~.fn :lCCes,5;
cycle. eLR J :Jnd p~~ an: tw<., :npt'ts Ih;u clf!!'ct :.1;e

It conc~ins

intcr-/\ h;li\l'\:v~Lr(~ ~t~:j%::~:, r;f
r~ d(Jcs rH.~t rn(ldify

NorE
Refer f() the ~i/{ Xnul:fe Iht'tmica!
of

'P"P'Ir" iHanual
D on rhe RTC,

fen

and cl!t'ndar RA!vf con:,lsts of tef) bvte'l of d~{f.a
11fe used to
1'0.';; datt' and tim" in dtli.::r
(BCD) fornut.

Iat",b

Valu,,;

Regl"'tt:~t'

n to .,9

Seconds
(lIH.

02}{

o to 59

03H

COB w FfH

Ltd:! minuk

23H
OIl-I to }2'i~

rnode, ;un

81H to 92H

Huurs ,JlaHn

hour

(lOH In 2:Hi

tim" (I 2,h..mr

lHto12H

fll(}de, ;1 rl'l )

RIB to 9LH

Lim.';: (12'fJ(mr

mntk. p .'1').)
E;Kf; hour (all

to :,5 1

nIH to 3l.H

t .2

(lH! w 12H

o to 99

(JOlt to <)9H

T.-tJ

0911

~ccr C

i~ :dso (_'onrfols tt>c r~lngi~ (,:f th~; h(Hlf :Lcd, h(;u.:~ I~H'rn
jndi<::ate" the 51.::ne of the alarm
,vhich a~"'.'H.;:;
rnJtch ~dl the a,V.H"DJ. reg,t~t~~rs rHJ) I. ,i::;' in:;/er~,~~~fl ~infJ (:onti%~.>cJed

()nce prf M::lcon(1
t~aSt~, rb("

thz" {Jata
,~./hjic an

is In r~rogress~ att eH~,pts to re~i{j nr \"/fn('. the dat~1

1'."dE'c_" h.v.;;lid H::s·du,c

I. tot tbe

ti.me of

The r(jlH' base 1ihape5 (}S(~ 1
at a 32.
r~'t'l:~
;[:IocK. (futP:Ut~ ~01d H) H

h;; iV)t co;)n.Ht>cted Tlle (J.C~C,}:::
\/(i-e, bUt is -nor os:~\.L
Llp5 :.hc
!,a~ks"

CHtt: ()V dlS~i1.j,k~

the di'",,:'~der If '!.hf..~

th<{_~ (tivjd('r'f~~ (}l.H.r}tIt lntt:frup'~ re(pJ.e~~t ,~{JV~/ {iR(~

to prodlKc j

i:t;able ~u~,
~s invt~rtf~tl

.! .
ho!d~ tht~

()n,,(; secon:(j a.f~ Cf'

7. Sdec.r ~w imerrupt tale ot'tHS;\!llc the d}vicier. If the
the divi<Jers out',Pllt
fcqne,~H' !(:tv-,:r
,;vlllrh goes to the j I1H:rrupt t:irCli H

\vnich ll.ltCrt!lpc U :ll1Y, It "'/isb~~s to n:c,,'ivc
Th~~ ()utpt.it.

L, jS ~,.;r~i{~.rv::d to 1'1.tO-

1'1
n:qu<::'it 8 high), which goes to th~
B ;iiso dj;;able,~ th;:

\"'\'hell .Ul lflH..:rrupl event OC"urs, a

sources b;:tve :it s,~panne
j{,"ss ~)f tile statt.>- of the

Cl.fCrnL

2 .. I

f'e~dJ(~nt ().tl

16·bJt COUfW'fS f.:.t ;iYStt'al

2.ULl
T

it'ltc:rnal (: lOf.:~k" Eac,'i',~

1int:s t h~it go
buffer, The
bu~:

'Th.'{:c- (JutPUt or f~aC~l CCiH_;:t~~ J5 DS(>:J

arhirratt)f" (}H the i'~~~~1" ;~:aoduh.:. ~rh{~ (>:)'~tore,jl: ~-";
then the (:Pli board dOb an ';,ckL;ionat

2.10.2.
blocks I.n fIgure: 2,20. The fUfHtiol'al hl;)",J,!; .:-.:mS15! of the
th.e (:()t1tf(),( \\7ord
the d~~ra hl~S. buffet. ~~tnd: counters {}, ~,_ ;Hld '}l
tt!~~ r'hree~chalF~~,~i C{)l:;fH{~'r./tirHCf art' (icti1.1e':t.1 in

/vtt:i f1,; f ~~:ll

2,HLLL

Read/Write Logic

The

;lddress and control

fron1 the system t:nlS,

.. ", ........ for th(; r:\\
and each counter. The
A1 and AO determines \vhcthcr :'1
on one 'If the three counters. or OJ) the. C\V
fabk 2- it IJsts rhe address of coutUer~ 0, 1., and 2, and the:, reatiback O)I!I'

maud word. \\h<:n Read
('minter..,. \V'hen \X:ritc
coni.rei '''lord to the C\1\/
Both RD L and ~~\'R tan:
CS L 10\'1.

jo; il1>;:;cned, [he

CPl.) reads one of the
asserted the 8028(; cPt; '\vri.rCR cirh(;r a
or aninHiaI count tQ one of the (::ounter~,"

of ttlC (:\x/
The (])t~· can rC~~JJ rhc st~EU~ of th!.,,:

I~}f:

the

-- .~\. prc~grarn can rcad, tht~ vai.nc or a ~:nunt('.r
in, pro~!ress. 'tX(hih~~ a -COU~,l~· .is in. ~)rngrt'5~;s~ t,tv: (JL
f,)llo\>vs th(~ CE.IX7henevu the CPC ',V;lms If; fl'ad [he
counter. it em use dlteC
mei11tH,b. One m,,'thn(j is IG ;:enfl ;, cmHltcr
latch cf.•m.nl:md to the li1.rcc-ch;:mnd
. TlK: C'Jf1lf;1;lD(; i.e- n"{'(~ivrcd

by the (:\'r
and senr to the s;;:lcnetJ cmmwr. The cO'.ll1tJ:,-'s OLlaKlle"i
we lm";;em COUnt until ;tiS read by the {'Pl.'. Jt \v.h.ich time ii rdurns to its
th{~ (]~,

()n.ly 00(::' hHCh rlt a rit11t~ i~~ enableci
thz:: ('::)Htrol
i.he "JUlput pf a

internal bus. After OLrri. anc! ()IJ are
g·bit

and CRl) ~ \l?hen ttK (:PIJ 1.,,':!nts to 'ev!:"te to tb
it usc,," two R-hit cmmt
(CRm ;Hld
\\'bcn ,he cr"\.
-';~/rltt~s a ne\v cc:tl.rnt t.o the cO'ttnXt':f, the COUlll is Si{){{'d in th('~ (·It. a~}t1 kU!f;l'
Count Reglstet·
COll.me!·

ferred (0 the CE

. \VheH the <..:otmrer .• 2

CRt art; (·kared. If the (:ounteI
the mnH
\viH. f:M:- 'L(~r(L tt i~ i,nlp(_ Jt:T~1.nt t;O note tJl~lt tb(~ (~P{: C:lnnc~t \"VTjtC il:;t() thc::' (~E.
The (;£11:J wriJ.{~s the (',mm .into the CIt

f,~'n~:~,c;l~s

S(Jf:,}~~}~Lf{~ (~t~r~_t('{"j}~ :he C:;axt"
::~y,~~t,.,~:p

statu;;,

~ ~~~ ~hc: t,h_~,-(~t: ,(.h_~lf1rd:"i

2.1
'The p;lf'agr~iph::' dl:~t t<,..:l!.} i"-"
""filCh the chr::,,,:-ch:;,lnd

ere}-zre !.l1i.711t-u.:f1

elf (b:."

• r>JOfit:

!>'jodc

'1 lard:""t:~f(.~

liI\

"'lode k",

:B;.He

~1',o,(h:;' >,

'" 2~t(}t:te ,4
~

Mode .:;,

FU1H::lion

of
U.<.K.k

"rirHt~

F.Lfrcsb

it i$ not

5"nc.c oloae 1 is lfSC(i fo.l' ()ne~~;hot {~,.rent

VA . ,\:marc,vorkstatlorl. Mode 1 could be used for sound
HnrmaHy nsn' on the VAXmnc \vOrkShHio!1.

used on tn,e

used on the
but it is not

iill

V4 . Kmali' (pr;' Module

,) decrcmerued count. of n dock
nev.' count 10 the CGUJ:Her

2.10.j.6

Mode S

(~OHnter 2 USf:S Hl()dc

rrwde '5 the Gate

:5 to 1)ro'1/idf~ a d,e('r(~tnent.cd COtU1f (}f 11 ;(-1ocJ~
<wrlt/H", count

2.11
The \:;"Xmatc "l,!(;fkStation mouse is a h.ancHH,!d, h
dev.ice rhat
X·Y coordin;uc output daD to IhcV·\Xmme CPU for U)flthe cursoe on rbl: -r.vorkstation >iil-pIar 30".'<:0. You. c:m nJOVt~ ,llt; !1lJ)Uf;''::'
unit ;ifrmnd on any ,~,nit<lb]e fLu surfa·ce to dinccl: the cursor
.' mOH~'
luents on. the screen. <-rill::: JHOUSe has three s,'\vitchc-s to seh::-ct funcdon~ 07' U:.(',fUS
from a rnt::nu on the SCteC,fl

2 2

2,11,1

Operation

The mouse uses optkal-mechankal. technology to oeBeer OJovcrnent cre,!l;cd
a ruhber {'oated baH
from the hottom of the rnOUSt~ dldo:;nre, J\.
of
\vhcds
on th<: surface 01' the hall, tran"mix the ball movement
thmuiSh "hafts to ,\ pair of slotted disk,. "''''I'''-·'-U' to these disl,:,; ;lft'
sensor>; th'lt read the Ught pulses created
the slots in. lhe
(1;"k&
...J ;"';:'".,

JJigut"c

Mouse Movement Oetector Met'hanks

This information is relayed as X;\' pulses w a
locHt(:d nn the
mouse module. The microprocessor converts Ihe
into relative X;y
.;.'oordinate:'L and lraI1Smi.L<' these coordinates as serial data io the d;u;., control·
ler
on the CPU module
.A~ tIlt', mons!'.' moves,

the cursor on the SlTeen mov('~ in the

direi.:don: right\vhen the mouse fll(JYCS to the
Ide \vhen the lwmSe
mOl/i'" lO th!:
up '\vhen the mOllse (noves ;l\V:fl' from the operate.!'; 'Hlil
do\vn 'when it mOVt~§ toward the operator Picking up the mous", to
it h:!s !'If) dJen on the CUf:':or,

2·55

\'OUSE
S\'V!T-:',,:rlES

i,
,

'1;J_H::~ \vCH"'kst~itioD n':'~::Ju>e C(Hnrnt~nic~lt¢;:S :">i,ttlt the (:~I?1,.J

.pin. IJ~JJ S(=.:\266 'i ') at 4800 baud
d~lt~( C,:~Hn,nlt~ni{~f1tiC)HS (~()ntrc·lter

,Ii

'COlnfDUni(:;lt i{,}t).

fHOUSe ~lborts the cl;tr:l

8 d;U£l h.1ts ;111(1 1
errors '\v.hen
:rel)otr a~ S"tl0\Vfl to. th~.:
;-;·c.C"t.ion. l\ srart bit ~n;J ti 5tcrtl1
triI: fn~.n)e each.
2<26 J. 11}c' se.le>\,,-t{~{J forn:tJl ,:,Je(crmjncs the
fOfln:u'

a'nfl'. the ~Tan}b(~~

o.r t)It~ per

T -1"-- T -- T - -, i!

T -

-r - -r -'i~
I

SFi\CE 10;

2-57

2.11.1.3

Position Repor~~

The X and '{ \';liues U1 tbe mOllse posiUon
,)f resolmion sin(':'~ the last rq)(>l't.

Position
7

SIGN·· X

1.1\1

SIGN-Y

LEFT

MIDDLE

HUTTON

BUTTON

BU'f'~rm\l

Lt" ft ,
~. ='

hutton rlF·'''·.·",,;··,

6
X~j\.JGS

DISPLACEMENT

(}

X6-xO

bir

6
Y·-AXIS DISPLACEM.Ef,i'T

o
YU is the least

2·58

bit

2.1L2

Openltiug "\'lodes

Then~ olre n"'vo mouse:

modes that dc/ermine 1Nh(:n, and t!o>,';! often
the lUOUf'it" Ifansrnit5 a position report They arcprornpt mode an(! IU(TCHlCflLl!
m,xl.c. In pn'rf1ptlllOde, v.lhi<::h is the power-up
,he mOUSi:' generates a
report in re:,;;pOUe.;e m a Requ(:st Mouse POsition cc.m.mand. In increml.'nt&i.
"neam mode, the mouse genl.'.:ran:'$ <l fI;'port ,<vhc!1t,:ver .it .is moved. It ;Ils:o
report", ,l
in \)uHon position sinC(: the laM report. \Vhen the mouse is
mmi(mkss. and no bmtons have heen changed. it generates 11<) report.

T~!bk

2·.i 3 hsts the mons!;: command",. The listed mock:" :Irc

the

.ASCU (or HEX') comrnand ('(HIe A brief

Table l·i3

,\1ou~e Command Summ.ar)

HEX
1)

funct.i:Ql1

Sd.en Prompt Mo(k

Request Mouse Position - Aft('r the ('ommand is issued, the mouse
;j
rep,xL 'fhis com.mand also switc1.1l':, lh{' rnOHse to
moo.;' if it has not been sdcclui.
Self lest and Idcndfy .... Self tcst lc:r\'es the mouse in the reset Of powt.~r·up
state \Vhen a. self,test comman.:,j ha!:' been issued, data SetH to the mouse is
inva!id until the last
of the self test report haoS been n:.:dved. The .mouse
any dma received during s·df tesL (Sec tht: S("t:Lion {Xl PC,W'Ci ·up Self
'[i;;'Sl lend IdentifIcation that i01l(.I>"':;,)
Vendt)j' Rescrved Conunand ... - This l..'omrnam.1
roll()w(~d
any
allo\vs Vt:nJors to add spedal rnOHS{'" funcriom; for thdr
or quaHry controL The HJannt'auun:-r (!ere-tHune." t.hc'lc

~Han.l5, (:(,)odto., ~"vhi~·.~h, d.e[;.,("r~.be6 :,hi? (:f,nd .U.J::H ::<: rh.,t:." CJfCU t:;~:

;';';,1,'\'

fifn':.\~,/~iJ:'('.

:·~1·

sel f,.t~\~t report ts cr:4!lSfnitt{:d. J.~ tolJf)"~.':.'·:<-:

UEVICE CODE
1

ERROR GODE
tJ

i.nd_~ca.tes .fl butt(nJ

crrtJr.

,-1

'----,

3
,,---~

I
LEFT

HUTTON
f'
\...J

MIDDLE :RIGHT
BfJ1'1'ON

Bl1'l'TON

~~----

Hutton cCH1e~ 0 ~~: ()f"

falJ<:d _

tn(H(:at'~~ 'vhjcl~

tnHtons ~tre £'1o,A/1.1, or h;g~'e

2.11.3.1

VAXmate CmHM;'clor

The VA.Xmaic
is a I-pin rnkro-DIN
COHlle.;·tor
assignments and functions are shmvn below. Th(: c<mnC(tGf
in

2-27.

GNf}

and powe, rcttlfO

TXD

Se.ria!. data out from Olill.l:,e

HXD

Seri.al ctn.a to n.wosc

-.12 V

~ 12 V for

RS2j2

+5 V

SHELL

No connection
G:'\fD

(,round

conl!it'Gor attache.s the mou~e cable to the m.Ollse modu \I:. Til.: m.ousc

enclosure must be disassembled in order to access the connection. Rcmove the
four ~KrC\VS from the hottonl of the mouse <:ndosurc Place the mouse in the
norm;:;.!. operating pos.ition and lift the top cover off. The mHllbcr !, located on
the: c;,ntit board, is a reference designawr for the nmnner 1 (i1] the connecwr.
111<:: Liable and conm'ctor can no\'/ be casHv removed from the module. The pin
~lssjgnrm:nt," and layout arc deS(:ribed as foHows and arc illustrated in:
2-28.

Pin No
TXD

S,:rial data to CFl'mouse controller

RXD

Serial data fro.m CPt! to mous{'

+5 V

+'i \"
12 V

c:-.;n for TTL modF.
tion

SlUm.!)

Ground

VI/HiTt:
2 ORJ\NGE
3 RED
4- GnEEN
<; BLUE

6 BUKK

- i 2 \i for RS ~~" 2 c'p",'ra-

Cil'il ter 3
~ft

//O-lTideo
,.,if

111t:lte

·tiule

("O:fltro.llcr

sf.:rial c()rnrnunicat ions

This

dt'5Ctibes the corn.mon

IJJ.O~:.~u,h:- ~ystcrn, fUf1ct;ons f:~X.CCpt the v'ideo d.~Sl)lar C(:¥ITtn)ih':'f (

tbe disketHi:- dr1:'/t," c(~ntt·oilef

(4xc(:pr th,e 8- t"dt O~)i ~on 1rH:erC")HrleC~
c,eh·cts the

'The' '~H.:t,,\'or,k in.tt"rt~lc~~ ~ \vhich connects to T'h_~n_\\'i{'(' E(.h(;xnt't, (?rH=~:.ratC~ i:lt 1. U

per second llt'lng collision sense
networK
The inrerface
SO 2 ,3 (1. 1} B,~<.;,(: >2}, and confmm:,: Kl the
I :-;TD 1

Tht: jntf:d~KC' use~ ;1

Thh.1Wcir,,: coaxlaJ cahlc.

STD .

,;j'

I! j 1 lj1 \~rH.at~:· (/it)~ l/~itteo, :vj(J{/uie
j

The serial printer port .is an
lrl!:c"rfact;;. The port supports
{DTR) and Data Set. Ready (DSR). The setlaJ
Local DJrc(:t Conncction (no modem') for Serial.
System .! n tefface::;
STD {) 5 2·4). A
modifk'd HloduJar
('onneClor ;md:1 17-00721 cable connect dl\~ port to a serial
to nn-2">
adapter ,:(,nncct
COIHJU~tOrs.

Tht~ t'erial communications

and RS'12'3
full modem control

The ~;edal communications port
Modem) for Serial
Terminals and
tntcrfcH'c,;.
(Digital STD 052·4). i\. DB-25P connector COlIm.:C/.'S the pon to a seric,! com
munkadons device The CC'lll1{'ctor js defiH!:d as Data Tennin;ll
Tbe diskette drn-e controlier supports one or L'\.VO diskeue dri\'es~ The controller uses :l 5inch
(1 _2
disk drive It snppofts 250
per second data raH~S_ The diskette C(!1)tfoller
c:m fead slan..l;;.rd
with
standard applicatiol1s~
The B-bit option COnflt-<:tot connects

l(l th(': C:Pl i bus i,nttrcon.f'H;Ct. :t

nl{H.il(~nl c-an be installed at thiS (cnneCYlr.
&uch as ;l.l)
The lntcri;Kca~, ek:cu-iedl.}7 and functionally

hard.>vare

wilh lh.c

g·bit b1Js~

CPU BUS
{:onl1cct<)1' on the
tICH] he-tvr(''"en tJ.1t: systern fun,ctIo.n~ (}J1 tJIC

and t h(' l)roct"~sf!Jnctim.l~ {}n the CPt modu.le. Tahle )" l. ddinet; the CPt: hus lmercoJ)occt

Hi.\ I

-- L2 lrv.'dc

SigllaJ Name
rR.Q9 Ii
DRQ2 H

B7 A7
B8 AS

GND
lVIEM\\ L
MI~MH

BIlJ ALO

G:\,D

SUI H.

tH2 AlL

SDO H

HOI{ L
10\'\' L

Ri5./\J5

lOR t

BI6 ;\)6

DACK3 L

f} 17 1\17

SAl >11;

I/O ROY 11

DRQi H
H20 /1.20

DACKl L
D.RQl H

REfRESH L

(:lOCK a
G:::-iD
IRQ7H

IRQ6 H
IRQ) H
Ii

IRQ1H
DACK2 L

T/C H
AtE H

B2J AZ'

St,l j H

SIgnal Name

LPSG j

+5 \cic.

tJA22 "1

UA20 H

tJAl8 H

H51 A"i]

-9 Vd.c:
'.;£)!O H

HGo A.60

+'5 \\Ie

3·)

5D7 Ii
, ') \ide

St)6 J.l

Ij.l·:1 :\1,'~

HIR ,A 18

!i20 ,A.10

SA8 !j

DACK2

S;\(~

:~i/\'5

.i !

S.:\,'+ H
':~A:~

H2i; A.2H

sz,j il

generator
The ,,~ir<[:uitS that make up the U)UUllOO
use tht:

husey;,_

bus
.41>

Local

.Address

'1:0 H} bus

(:011111100

Video Module

on the

module share: the' common logic

(In the outputs of the common logic to del.'ode: addresses
and
c!l1P SdCd5. data traflsmi<;;sioo CD.otrol. s.ignals, :md. comp:ltible tim.The LAD bus traIlsceivcl' (.'ontfols the !\Vll'\'i,ay iransfer of information
bl,t'l,"'cen the 16·bit Sf) bus and tht.' 16·bh tAD bus,
fht" SU bus jS hidirectional, 3Jld suppon" both 'w(lrd and
tram;fers SU 1. 5
hiI
, and SDO is (he least signlficant bit
The L\D bmis bidlrct:donal LAD 15:8 is the
LAI) 1. <:, is t ht'MSB and 1.ADO is the IBll,

The
on tbe
module. \vhich arc NMOS l.SI
use till." LAD bn.s to communicate \vith the 5D hus, The LAD bus tranl'ceiver
control
generates the
that control d,e enabling and di rel·t!on of
tIlt: LAD bus tr;u1$<.:dver. The
addrt~ss bus buffer and the I/O address
dt:(")clcr connect to the system address bus
5-0) The panlal address. hus
buffer drives a iot::al addn:ss bus to pt'()vlde buffered address lines for th(~
Tht'
addn.~ss decoder
pn)\'ides tbe chi.p selects ttlf
tht: microperlpnerals,
IORD/iO"-H generator (~reates delayed cou10 make the 80286 CPU timing compatible \vith slm~'('r microper·
I/O-Video frlodule, This enables the \AXulaI{: '\vorkstation to

·toeal Address/Data Bus Transt..;eiver
octal hm: transcdyers, The t\7;'O transceivers cmnbined (figllft' 5-2) contain! () 3-stare driven;
that
t1.:vo,v.,'.ry communication between the system data (SD} bus
tht: LAD bus The Jrivet~ are connected to 16 claw Hnes fmm the S1)

and

1.6 d:nill Un(:':'\ from the LAD bus,

215 D.lRt:(:tion and High

contrfil the direction of data transmission
the
74L32ciS octal hus trans<;'Tiv~rs.
oUL fm2-i,; DlR, and LAD El\' L (local
el)klhk: JO'l;v) coml: froni the LAD bus transceiver control circuit.
the high byte and 10\,,' byte from c:u::h transceiver
an:: transferred
between the two buses \1\:'hen LB245 .DIR Land
UIXH5 DIR t are
both bytes are transferred fmm the LAD bus to the
SD b1.1;;, When LB245 DIR Land HB24'5 DIll L are dcasserted. horh
are
tratnferred from. ill(' SD bus to the tAD bus,
Tabk .'kl defines the LAD bu'5 transceiver inputs and outputs,

l)efinji.ion

comhiurd ,Figure

C()DLlii)

:'H;t;ue drivers rila!

OUt>

\\'<r'i if2.n!>mit.s,ion frorrl the SA bus to the bl.lffl.:'l'ed ad'!r.:'.',$ bns

Tbe inpms iX'
the drivers are
addn:% IH1;;:S from the SA bu:, (SA!.,) H. 14 H, J2 H, and
4 JJ to 0 H) ,'Che ompulS frorH ~hc drii'ers an:
addr(;s~; hncs 10 tD(:: BA. bus
1i II. J 2 H, and i 1-:1 tn 0 til Pin'; E~"; 1 and EN:!
::w{!
as,serted,

rflu: {~- PlJ as~ertS thf UJ~set {H fiSET'
IH,)\"\/C[ on {rt PJ)T\'t~r dtT,Vn ~.e(PJen,~e

Bus

the
;,tn(j SAO

tnget.ht-f: tf} se!t>Ct the f~rc;pcr bytes 1)£ the Sf) bus ,;y~ord "'v\J h,e'n
t'{) loernCiif17, S-l{BE L jJ1i;fV he drivl.~n
a bus rnast(~r.

DeHnHion

",'"n(,,.·,;j,."· thi:_~ (~hip ~~elc("ts

t)U~ tr;;,(t:~~~(~i',;:(::~r cont!"c;1 (:~rcu it

frum s}~SterH addre5~(~~ (5.A 11 :,~~ J'1) fr)t' di(: r.,~~J)

'i'! i V-4Xmate
The produCt terms of tll{~
~lnd

In tile
a '-", ;-?~ i.~ ;1

logkal OR. \>;:·hen [he CPU asserts A.t,>: II
, it disable" t.he
address decod{;~r process. The C:VC: U1>e5 AX"! H iO indj<'at(~ thac the U!n'(;ll( hues
(s a Direct
Addre'is \

Definit/on

.MOD :'itt L

LAKeE SEt L

VID SEL L
DISK SEt t

PRY Sl;L 1

.12

lA'\CE

Address/Dat;;! BllS Transcelver Control
TIl;;:: LAD bus trans(,elv<;r Co)t1n:ol (Figure ;).
consiSb of a 1 (iL8 PAL. The PAl
comaint; an arraY' of
ASD and OR gates rhai generate the signals
to c.o!1tt'ol the enahling and dinxtivn of th(' LAD bus transceiver.
'nIt'

siJcl'iJld b<;

bsued by an oprion to indicate that a 16·bh I/()
16 L is a decode of lhe system address lines only.

o If ~VCC] LADEN·LA~MSTR·!LAHCEREAD.LAHCEDALO
IF [vee] LB245DIR-CPUSEL"/EMEMR·/SAD&/EICR·rFDDACKVER.
IEIDR*MDDSEl·LAHMSTR./lIOR w INP1+ / EIORw/INP2+
LANCEREAD-/LAHMSTR
[vce] HB245DIR-CPUSEL-fFDDACKVER-SAO*/E[OR·
IEIOR*/MODSEL-LAHMSTR*I01e-'SBHE.CPU5EL·/EMEMR
D

lhe

[vee) GC[OW-;INP2*/EIQW+CPUSEL'SAO-'SBHE
term~ ot tbe prograrlllJ:l.t'd AND ,1rray arc fed to an GR array,

\vhk'h gme:'; the sarnmation terID

re:;uh) ro the

pin.

DIStill) 13

B,H!45 l)IH !

LAr} E~

CPU.
}h;~~ld or I~_xlenth'-~d

\X:Jl{;U the -(::t}mfn~¥nd,

'fhe output of <lIe f i r s t R O , becomes ,h,
next
and ;l(T','"tes
rn
tv the third flip flop, D2. "el~ t.he
the Em.bk
outpm. 1,1:1 goe'> lO the CRT ('onlfolk:r ;n IDe video
Ttli': OlHpm of the third
flop abo hccnn1(:~; the
'T,
tbe
b nor llM:d. I.mt ih
f~"yar :;t~g~~~'\ (,f J J)

~n{~

EI(}H: t and EI:.')~~\: I .

'\.vith moe:

ler.lhbk

dcl'i.nes the

C:lock

i; ill 1<4.Ymate

Notes

Corn mand is the
operation.
Timing paramt~tt~rs arc the ~ame a'> thost" j,4,f

2·,

;-,;:~_)L~"-~ESS
:::,~'\zx

L, ~iGR t.
:CVil, E1Uvti' :~

RE,,\iJGAP,

omtro!:; data tran"mhslon bN\\'een the CP!.u1.oduie ane! ,)
or
device on the Thin\'li"ln~ Elhcn;ec Tlw 11("t\v'Jrk intut:1CC OJflsh!:'i of ;1
~1 ~erial jnt(:rfac,~
IlNe connector, ,\ coaxial tr;111so;,'i.',{C!: iHtCrfa(:t'
: a 8rn,all nti rrlher '(If (] j~cr{:t(:
(:'1. A), a Ior;,ll area fwnvork (~(}nu'oHef
COmpOHf'f1rs. and sY,;lPn bu~,
is not
1

of the m::enace. Ho~;n;:l/('C the n~twork interface and other mjcropt~ripheraJ"
on tht:
tnm.lule ose the C01111'1:10n logic to control l);ualkl data trans·
rei'S ~Jet\\lcen the 16 hit "j'stem bus and the 16·hit local address/dura (LAD)
bus. The controller and supporting circuil.5. wHh the l'xl:eptlon of the coaxial
<:abk rr;IHSCe1Ver, operate from the -;--5 v system pmyer supply, Tht." tratlsce.ivef
oper,tte<; from -.n(: isolated -9 V lim.;

'Setwork Inter.face Block Diagram

rhe

fit data
I)~.l.A.

Tnr.nsndl

h. Recdve

LED
Ll

ttl\l~ fCf'naJe BN"(>t"y,Pc. connc(-tor 7' ~-.::r)nrteCVSI dlf.~
I'hin\Xlife f~thernet c(};r;.,:iai (,Hbl{~

'fhe
t.h:~oud,t:j.:";; d.~~(;l rf~c<>~ved frorn the (~: r~ f~).r the ·t/'~~\(:E. :ind i:~n(:G{K~S t1aLi
transj}xitt.ed f1"<:_)tn rht': LAJ,~(J~~ lo,r t.Ilt' (:'r{, '-rl1\~~, ~itl:" tuns 011 a ~_~O }\'1!'-{;:
thLI ':::.t': The ns(:iilator 1(' Cd1'\. to'W the !\1.anci.le:">u'r
(Lua Slfca,nl·1j; for transrutsS!(H1_

for the fi.xei.ver i.!',
data stt'<':.:lm.
t'nc~.:,~<led into ~ ~t~~,n£l~rd, rvt;H:1C!l(~ster s("ri4,~1 tnt patr:t:,rn
trH' encoder St>t"tif)is
Thc:rl. tile: f:nuH.kd dJt~ is driw!1 onw tht.' coaxial c"hle
,he tr;;;'.;:.rniJ ~".~don
of tb~: CTL Tht' ch;ck nlf.iS aI 1 {} Mlh.

TlwLANCf is a Din-ct

('nnttoI Ier t.hat
infc}f,nun:';(Jn., 'rh(~

m~tSt{'f ."11od-c ·~;?,thih~

Bu~ Mast.er Mode -

fifIf'"

The

opemtcs 35 hUf. m~~8r.er j:;.ht'n H iniLia,f':'l
tt"ans:ferfi to or fforB

ll1en~{}r--"v -i~~

BUi> ;;h~",'.," Mmk- The LA.'\!CE openJe(:>s as bus :;l.avf 'l,'hen i.t

bit T

in nus
~\~':{=E

to access its inti,;:-rnal
h:lfQrrn:ation - \\'hen the

lOi-H.h; the ttH;~ i!1tC~ a FIF() -11le 'FIFt) l)Hff(1.n:.;

be lCit\ed .imo a m(~lnOI'Y butkr

IY;'vl/\. The LANCE

t~ -t~tf !Tl{i:rn~

·rf'an§nIit.t{n~~ lt1.f{)f':n)aj',~~)l~, .~

\\/ht;:.n ~be {~l~l'l se:;(~:J~ d~tt~~ t~} ~,'J-!.t~ LJ)}-,J<:.t, rnt~

t/\Nt:t: .P~--~',pa.t{·~ i t fc~r t.f~l~.iSa,li",~d~~),~'t t,~; th~ i,~;l,~:il~.~

~jle SrA ;~,Hd, ( .-·fL '~rhc

sync

:;(~tt:~~l net1,,\.~()rk,
~~_n(~

the L,,\_l~~(:E

rnrHi~"L!.C, lh.{:" 1t'~t i~hJrl

s(:l f~ te-:;.t'

U:D

ul (;~cdja to

L\.;"·;CE

tr;ul" ati t, rt'cche, and c"IUsion dtlCCl filnnkms for dK~

BeG{tJ~~e of IEEE 802,3

ft(JfO ~J~t"" {}tht~"r (ic'td(~e,::, iu t11e

th~: CTI

bnt",ted

vorksta.tion~

'J..

i"Ol,~tlon tmnSformcT and
,\land:1(:sH:;GT du.,:l uansmittl::':d and receiv~d from the nct\vnrk,

1\7
~Yi(i ~;~ontr(!l Iines to

fell,)ws,
1,

~fhe tA_~CE

24· ~,ddrcss lines fot D1\lfj<,
bU15 Hne$ (LAD 15, 0
.1ft
bidh:e,,:>
tionai Unes
address ponton of a m,::rtW,fY transft:;'t
LADO,l', H contalns the lo\\et: 1 hit±' of the mCOl.ory address;, \rkh:<:css
Unes
1 6 , 'Nhldl are
and
contain dlc'
upper 8 bits {if .Jw mernoty address.

of a menu)ry
L\l.)l <'0 H o)fiGtins thc
on the type of transfer.

! ()

'. ,,'hen tbe LAN(J:~ ;tSSt?ft5 this 3M::1X<;
The LANCE hold" IRQ l(1 I.l
uIlt.i!

the interrupt Through the illD:rrupt servlci"

.;;. L;\NCE
REQ
- This signal is an
dlannd
request
by the LANCE to become the hus Hla,.,tcf, LAN ItEQ L
rnHst h(:: held hnv untH tht: CPU aSSC1"t8 th~ LANCP
LAN R£Q I is a
One that goes tc' a
atbHraw! bcn.vc..:n the CPU and D~lA contxoU{.:!: Thi;;
~:o:mroIs three requcM
.lnc! the tA"'4CF
than the
82::,7 f)MA. contenUer on th(~ CPt: module.

C(}f1trol
CCHltfOl

tHJS dfi~;{"rs !·c~ ~t:·.i \"e lh{::
;-r~an(IS, \~'?h"He- in bu.s rn;t~a:\l~""f rnJ)(tc. "fhe LAN(:J~ c~'J·n:Tcfi ~~.nd br~:5 dr:'cer

I,_l\N':(-·r J\125~:'f~~ ('1 ,~A"~~~ I\IS'fn
\\:be-n the LA.r'<f(~l:~ bu.F- (Jbra.ins

l' he (J.1Lr sel,e<:rs i:.,~ n:~rn~d LJ\r~~(::Ji
tel'S"

the LA"~J(:,ri

enure 16

LANCE EiUll:'{ Read

thf~: B}f·[«rn

hus. -I'h)$ F1fQC('~~,~ i~}tr.oducc::;

RI)1 l':§ g~)t'.'~; h3.gh. -~t/hc~'J
i.e"~ tC* ~h(: C~Pl.~ b\'"

RD L foignai fills

caUf'es. rlJC memory

':~arijef th;m sr:md;rrd .LANCE mcm(H~y

This
8.

-- ~rb.t:~ LA.-N'r:E uses SHI-LE t. and
of tbc d;Jt:1, bu~ '\Jv(;rd \V;lCrl
from Qr
to Srqcm memor~', SBHE Lmay be ·;Jrivc1l \vtwn
the LA;\;CE is btl:> master.

Add re s:;· (}

[0 :;dt~Cl' ,he proper

The
seri:~l prInter port int(~r[~lCc
?,
r/'sidcii 00 tlK
V!DE{) moduk This port controls
tT!l.l1t;m.isslon he ['i"VCUi rlw
(:Pt' module and a St'l"i~tl
Tlwimerface con"i'il:S of a
commlHlicarions nm.troHe!'. an [1A drjn:~r ;;nd JT(elvt'J:, MId ci
COnfll:<.:Wr ·fhe. nWHIton
b not p:!rt of the
inter!:'act'.
port interJacf and other
~113 ("1 the
rnoduJe use lhe COl.nrnon
data tral')sfel.'s bC[\\'eell the 16-bh systt::rn hus an.v ,he a·bH !ue:)!.
) bllS

CG;j,;~~\')N

LJ>:;lC

HU,L
;)Rl;\:'''-EH

s:cfi;d printer po" interface

the

2, EL:'I.i.merface

A \'{'1)82')U
Commllni(:atioHS Ek!tlei1l
,a
H1,
duaHn-li.ne chip, COlll:J.ios seyCt;!! registers
that nmtrol
ttl(:
f("cei'F{;, and control funCtions for the: asynchronous :serial printer
port imerface, The
chat foHo ...v provide a l)rief functh.:mal
(ion of the
ll.!;;fer to V(llurnes .I and .2 of the VA)Imate
fur more informalion on the hRrd-

tnm<;rnitr.er

stan,

and srop

<md <:mlpul" the fncfl,,;:!<-;d
rIle ~l;'rial f!,)rm~it

one hH;u a. !,lm.e, over the iictial cmrput l.in(~

hit
u;;;nsmi5sjoD {'(HIts

('xlcrnal
inurnlll

oper;uion-: of the WJnSl1UnC r and n:cdvcr
The dock ""~.",,.,.
baud rate gen{;nHOr Tht:
tImes lhe se:riaJ baud rate. The ACr \\Hl oper~:;tej n ntlt;';' ;l

bjdir{~cUor~~~l COflUl1nnlcar.tons bct,v~"'een tl"lc A5.:'~E ~~nd, the
c~:t~nrnGn

Tht~; :\-sute,

hllJ}dk:; data, cc>ntrol ';v'onV;. and statuto infunn:uinn.
Shit buller connect'" the /,{:E Fl the rOEl'1!On

The buffer docs double

Ren;:h'c Shift R~giste1' - Ti)1:',
fmr:l ,hI" c,-mununicmj(.ms link.
~ind th".,l shifts out ;:1
Tra~lSH1.ittet· Holding ... ,""".,.l!X

bits 7 HJ V,

Transmitter' Shift
~ This
re,,:eivlO's the ,",""','"",","h'"
pm
data from the CPU" It deterrnlnes if the dara
and. then shifts cmt :'\el'i.:ll daci The ":lOCI
during a master re",et operation,
'Line Status Rt·gister - This a,bit
CPU

tilt: elm.::; cmnsfc:f

P'l"'o~ranunabl(' Band R.ltc G~ne{'~tOl'

- The b,{ud Ltte go::er~iwr take:''' dee
;\,1H <:():\-lr"-l (;Lk-,. \~/11iJ:h J.S the: Olltj)Ut c~f ~l 1 ,8 f32 ?v~l:-Iz cryst::tl.;1
and d.iv;d~s it:
~lny' dj1/is{)f frorn '1 til 2 ;,6 -- 'I. 1'11~' outr~ut
~.1f the
')~H!d rate gen(-r:dIor -is 16 rirnes thf_~ hau(l rau:~ "rVilC H~blt lat.(_~l$.e,s 5tOre tb,(:
divisor in a bin<il'V fur maL TtH,cS';:: divisor bEebe'" ,nw:\ he to:Ided
inH{al·
lzatioIL in order Ie; enSHn: dr:si.red
of the l)and raw gen<:rator. \'/hen
clock

t';);:Hlci:l.
eHher of the latches i"
a J 6·bit h,md conm,'r \~
5.edal printer rccei'1r(; dock
goe~ if) bc~rh the

The

the t)a nd f~XLe
li~ts the divisors n~e~1 to obtain. th(: desif(~(l

per-

,"~ent of efrOL NOH~ that th,,: }\.eE does .HOi sllpp,)n200 hmlCL

Desired Baud Rate

f)i,vi$or '-'",cd it:,
G~net';ale 16X (Jo<:k

P,,<n:ent Error "B"twectli
Oe5tn~d and Actual

O.P2()

300

1200

i800

2000

58
32

7200

~~"L'{mtlt{' I/O, Video Module ! i II i

01v11>01' t'sed to
Geuu'ate 16X (:Iock

Percent Errol:' Betw~~en
Desh:ed and Actual

l2
19200

The ACr comn,i 'KCtlnn inputs omuo!
that determine huv,r the l\CE
\'vHt format th.c serhd data. Control <;!gnal$ are inp\1t to tbe select and control
rnndem comrol
interrupt control lugic, receiver tim.ing and COiland cOIltroL 1'ht: $<;,:!ect and comwl
irnph>
~

PHT sri L ,~ \'(/hen this signal is
the ACE [s St~Jecte{t ,\eli selection IS n.J!11pktC' when the decoded chip select signal is latched with an
active ACE tat rhe .ADS input..

i\CI\ L ~md mOR [ - [f bOth of these signals are asscftcd while the ACE is
the CPTJ C1H read' staw;:; information or data fwrn a seketcd

.iKE Land m()\V L - If both of tht,se sig.nals an: asscnecd while the i\Cl~
tbe CPU c.aH",trite data or ('OIHwt words into a sdected

'"' BRESIT ll- Wben tllb signali,;; higb, it dears the ACE c()f1trol logic and
aU t"t'gisters escept the rect":iver buffer, the tnmsmitter holding
and tilt' divisor latdlcs
an a<.:tive BRESE'IH
affects the states
0'1' the SP TX D1\.JA
rR.f~ 1 I. lL 0['1'2 L, and SP DTR Ii Output signals.
'lii

.\eE L at ADS -

~'hcn ACE L is low,

seke!

and PR')' SEt t signal .

it provides l:u('hIng for the

.. [,5,\20 H .- Buffered a.doress bits 2 to 0 sek'(:t the re.ad or wrire register as
imlkated In l~.ble )-9.

P.d.nt(,r

Ade;.-

DLAB A2

CAG

l\.O

RClci\T butTer
holding H'gister

Pdxner

Addr

The fnodem t:onttoI

determines the swte of the OJmnuHli(:atinnsUnk and

tr;ln"fef dal.~1 'The modem

arc as foHov;':; .

.. ACE L at CTS L-- \'\.'henevn the ('T~; functlon "f the mndup ~,tatl.!§
let changes state, an
is
if dl':: modzTj) :;c-'l!m;
is cnah,ted. /\t t.hjs
Af:f t -is a nl(hJt~nJ c()ntroI fnll{:~jQn
'I he.
CPU can test the Jnput (:(lnditi(.Pn by
~he (:'1'5 ftiJKtlon in i:h~
modem, "t~:tlb
'III

SPT DSR I .~ \"Chen this

• ACE L ;it HLSD L - \X"hen thi"

is 10''''/, the ACE has been detect,,",d as
the data carrie The CPt' {'-an H:st the condiwm of fhi.s
rht: modeHl "!,HllS
, \\ihcncvcr .he HL5D function
is $~~_nt tQ thr"
arH"i tIle n1t}(.k~fn st.atus j nterftIpt i~
an
CPU.

*' Sf> DTH H- \Vhcn tl1L"

cale ',v.ith tbe
~

()tn2·, This

is a ,,,,;>,""""<''':;''~'Hf'
5st<lt(' driver tInt gennalCs the

tht:

uses .l
dau i.Ci availahle dl{; rrafl'Hnl.w::r
efKOdflxers an (,uor, (>1' the mo(iern reports its s,tatus

~ 'The sy:;u:,nl !)rogr~ln}J1H~r

Lla.lt;; (~'(~llt.t'(),)

(bta con1fllimi<Jrion~

i,.lle hjftnaf.' ni t!1C

rhe i.iae controi

and (:on.trol R(':gjsfel'·~ TI'-IJ5

contains til'" seri:d
which define tl)( } 6 (iu,t:§
baUl;~ 1'a;;." duck fo[ thr rec:dvcr :..:cujtJt! of th,,: .\CE, Sf' Hf;\/ eLK H aJs{, rm)'

Rtn::ivn'
prinU~,

i'ccc,ve clot:kilCV eLK

The ,xansrnitttT

and C(lntro)

u:mSfn.lrH.'f secriou of !.he

Rev eLK H. is the

The output fmrn the haud faH:
for the transmiU('I '3':uion, 'Thb

EIA Interface
PI.
line driver
and the
ehron,,,,,;;> commun.kathlns pon intcrfau;:
C()flf(i::cti(in t~) a

Fccei\!l::rs, Sh;lfC!j \V'lth th<; aSy~l~

lh(,' E.J A. StiH1dard tntf:rt'l(f.: 1:C\r

serial

f~)nGws

Unt;;o Ddv€;"t' - On~
PU:SV n (~12

dri"v-es tile
SP '~~r:,{ rJ((f>~" £1 ~lHd, SP 1)'1 H 1-1, ~rnc
a.nd f"rC\fCSV H (" I 2 V) power the ;1,rh'c:r

R(:ceive.r -- The quad n:ceiv!'..:!' shared',,,,;!!; the
G}lnIlHHd ..
Ulwm
interface accepts the sp nEil{
SP RICV C()\l t. and SP Re\. DATi",
L da~a ;tne! control
from the !'t~ria!
.A -3,."5 V line l,m:ver'i the

A 6-pin l'vll\lJ (xmncctor
on the
moduie
tbt~, COlulccti<:m
between tnt:' ACE and the s(;r.ial
:). HI lists the pin.
Figun: 3· 7is the DA interface :md imercormen bit}el,
for
iWl1tS on the transmit lines

radiated emission

Connen.ion
fa<.T&. DEC STD 052"1,

standarrl DB·25 s.;:rii11

nU25

-2

rDu:,t ;;~ttal"_h ~l
,\l'l'U COl.H1<:O:X. Cab!":' m.anbcr 1'7·00"2; I con·

Senal Pdntcr Tran:;;.mi.l Paw.

,
"

<"(

~:~

:.:~

:_1

(-;:;

'":--

:'J._

,,-'f
·r
<:'J
>
U

(.-':

;y,

s::

;; ~¥ ~

!;r.:

f:",
!j,\
1 ~l

r;::
'_'l

§~~

1/0- Video rnodu!e _ This J}(H't o.illrcols
the (~Pt; (Hod.nh;. c;nd ~Hl,Ut.hc-r' ,corn.pu.ter, ~~ rHodern~ (H,- a
:,!
it baud counter and
:md teceivt'f. and. a DB·"],), cmnector The c.urnrnon
}rn~crraCt<. lli)\veVeI'; the CO!nn1Hnif..~~Hj(Jris l){)fr Interface arlJ.~ ~)thcr
{Hl ~ he l,/().:V!dec fl1,(}(illJr: USt" the cornnJGr1
block to fo:rnl~:u and
(:\.A}trnl p-=lcal Ie! d~)ta tr~{nSfefS bet'\v;:ert tIle ], 6~bit SV~t.(-ln bu~ an.,d t be. 8~b

local
the
uper:ltc from the +') V sY$iCm l")-Wt-r
from lhf- "'! 2 V :md -1 2V line;;.

'::
'...-

;:,' c ~

~s~i
.::eC:Wc')
';~

L-

3.')

\1!1

\ III

~,~/! .\)natf~ r,/c}~ r-..'if.1i.·:'(! ;t'{o-dule

filterConnect.

communkni,m<;. port dement
danl r:ran.~l1"! jSS1(Hl functic:a)s for tJjl'~::

a brief funcdonal
volumes 1 and 2 of th!." 'j/A~.n#ue :7i'dulica!
for more informJ.tJ.un on 'dlt: hardw.lre

r. .

'!'~

.'ljl;'

'Ai -;"-{.'J;

~~
I

,'t;
'.'NF
:-Hf/f:F:

i[
~

~
~

"'"
"1'~

\I<'.J,,~ i"~

\:)

:t;,.,
l::
~
Y.,J,,j

····.1

Asyndu."on.ous Coo:um.lnicatiuos I!Je.mel1t nloc.k
Cm.nmunkatlon.i Port Interfa(:t:·

for

optional
'lhe

~;(+fjai b'~ln-:i

rate. I'hl: i~!>{J~ \v.ir_~ ()pt.ralc in

syslcrn! ~}./hlch is

lif1('S

~rht" b~t~

l)J'C1\,:ides b~J:~Hrect;on~!J, (:on!n1urdc~:v i{)'f1S i.;e _U\;'~::~_~fG th~~' ,f\(:ii ~H;d thf:

CofHn,E1on k}gj.,:,:. 'The btlS c~_-;;tH.toJs ~Ja~:a. cOnf.t'{:lj \vl}rds; an(i ;;t::l!',ns ~n.fo_rc{~a~jc;'::.-~

"Chi:) .) .. state, r:ddh'"cCt ~;.'~~g~l t. 8· '~~. t ~)U:~~ff~t C{)rin~':\,~.t~ (h.c /\(J:~ VJ [he C';''lH1Hli):}

'f.h(:- buffer
and nUlp'~_l-~~ da:-a
R~'~i:::iv~ lJtlfff':~:~
tc;, 0 ~

f~~Hls,mhte .. Holding;

hies

1j'~!n",rdttc:r Shift

-- This
n:ct.'hit"s the
om
data from the (.:~PlJ ()'v(~r t.i.l(; 1\18 S()L~~r i{ tine
dcter'~
m,nes if the data is
and then shifts Gllt "eri"l d,at;l Th,,: M8

rJPt (

- Thi'; 8-bit

dala u:ansfer.

Ba.ud R:att' Generator .- The baud LeIte f'.ctl(:!'atOf t",k{:~ Oil;
;\-18 C()!'>,flvt CLKIJ .,;;"hkh is th',:: (lutpn, of:l. {E>b
HJr. arr(l i.Ji\·'id,es .it
any :i.i\.'jsor froIll 1 to 2: '.~ ~- ~, "I-he ~JUtPilt_
tbe t'r:;lU(! rate g(-:rl{'ratJrJf .:is l6 tlTncs rh(: hau(l f'~~tf \~/irht'n the 'b,tttd. rate gt:n~:~L:.~:
tOt t±H:r{~ ar{~ ~"''!.>\;,~)

8"bit J.at('.-he~ thdJ S({)fe t;hc:- (ihfl:s{Jf ~~rJ ~i
ff~ft~]::~t ern
(;1' (ht'" ba.ud rate gen~~raUJf, the ,H-~'-·is(.Jr t.u'chc,s HH.tst
initlaLilarlon. \lFhen either latch .is k);I.U'.'d, ;, I6-b.ir haud
loaded. Then theM8 CC)!\o!:V! Cl.K .H Clnd BD OC':' f.:LK
i):md COtlOt<.:e ftncl Inn
IN',',',,''> dock

dlvi.:,or u"ed to obtain rhe desired b,md rate and the

nivi~o:r ll~ed

r,ene('a~e HiX Clo.:k

Pen..:..,;)'l l'-:rnH~ Bet,v<;t'n
i)(~si·i~·ed anJ.I .:\t...':tu~~.l

1536
(),O2.6

768

t HOt')

200(1;
2100

Dlvisor Used to
Generate 16X Ck,...~k

Pe"cent Ei'1I'Ot' Jktwcen
!Jesi:red ;1]1d A,,:1:na!

7100

9600

The ACE (.:0011'01 section
format the 5('nal data. C:ontrol

tf' the sf.:ket "nd ~ontro.l IogK

th(' m(;dem cont.ro!

the .reedY,':r
The "ideo and COOl[<·,j

{;onrroJ, and tll('
implemeub the
iii

PLUS A H ~ \iVhcl1 the ,j,:codec! PH';S ..\ H
ACE L <u: the ADS input ,he .:\CE j::, sel('(te(!.

-ACE L ?.ml DIO\'{' L - When these
it dears the ACE
tr3JtS[ll~tter~ tloJding
HtHl
an acuve BRFSET II
! affc('t~: the "tarC6 (1f the
l\1.8 S(ytrr It 1\18 ,RI'~ t. and \-18 1YfR Ii o~rtr>ut
n::Ce,I,Y'Cr l)'utfc.r

• B.'\2 to 0 Jj -~ Jluffcr{_~d, a{i,dress bits 2 to 0 sel(~(~t the ~"ead or )~'T,ltC,
",.",n',n'r as ind [cared in 'Ulbh: 3 1. 2 .

\::U:m(I/'" 1/0· Video Jt10dule

DtAH

Ren::lv(: huffer ((-cad) or Tr'lfls·

mit hul(Ung register

enable

{}

U1K control

Mo{km COH1.fCIi

WI)

3FF

o
.iF9

o
o

i)iYisor larch

Llh.lsor lau:h (MSll)

The: modern control logk determines the state of the c()nlmunication~ Hol( and
transfer data. Th.c modem control signals arc as fol.!,)ws.
111

\fI8 CTS t - \XllCm.:ver the CTS Junction of the modem sl,UUS register
stau" , the tANCE generan:;;s an imerrupr if the modem control
enables tlw modem status interrupt. M8 CTS t is a modem comrol
flmt:::tion input. The CPU can test the input condition
rCluing the CTS
function in the modem status
M8 DSR 1 .- Wh~'n this sign.ai is low, the ACE is ready to estahlish the
tX}lumuni(ationf> link, and tr~nl>kr data. The: CPt) c;m tt'st tnt: condilion
d this signal by reading the modem status register

'" M.S RLSD L -, \\/hen this fiign~I .is In">v, the ACE derectedtbc data ("arrier.
I'he CPU can test tnt: condition of this :>ignal by
th;: modem
status
~th(;:never the RLSD functIon cbanges State. and the
1nod(:~.m ~~ontrof logic enables the modeul suuus internJ!,!, the LANCE
;f.H interrupt,

l:~'i 1

V;l,)(rr~af*~' (/{).,lfidec;. Jf(.!thfI,::

C:n.CC~tlnt(>TS ~in {',rro.f" ~,~~l,d ~:t~t.(~ 0:1(;(k"f11

tc POft6 iL~ ~; :,~Jtt5~ 'l be

a,~~s~·:'ted -""''\ihenC\f(J:~ t:H:" irH,(:rnJ pt (~Of~(!,.!tic;ns ;~f,-C' ~~,~~~t'h:,{'

the int.errupt. cnabtc
ru pr. ~:er~/ ~(~. (i,~ a

dau
dl(:

to
,~(:r r.?'M~ ~O~~(~ejV(',[ .cio<,"k h~H"H"~ r~~Jl-< to

1.200 tJiHJd llH'~ h~,ud r;::ue gent:~t';,~u:rr (':c~n
"txul;; ~~h~;: tt"ansrn::i.trer (:!~')·{~k h~-H.,HJ r;'i1t~\ "'":'llh.:h_
. 4l1.h),\~>5 the }tfJ: to 'olJt',~'rt~"t~~~. jj'!

Trl~.

()_'JHsists ()f ;-~

(

7 ·4LS24,~, OCt!1.{ dr!_'Vl~(S

fout",

COH1~TH.ln It>atio!1s p-Off H5L::':::; {iH~:'

lcanlrc:'.
({}rrifr:H,lrdciu,i.o-n_~

!')(\rt uses t~d5

u1.t,)dern baud r~\tC,

nOll';; communiC:;Hionii
lIses this
fCJd" and wdtes
~his J-t'ction.

this

lnd.t(:.at!)f
Sl t) ,-'" 'fhe C:Pl.. u~;cs th~~tb: stan", of ttl\: mod{:m halld l;;lJe.

'I'tH: d.i~l{,'(~'ttc- i.:ontfoller uses tht~
f{~atu,r~~

fhskcHt' !mkx PH b{- (FO 01XH- 'lhe
tbis r\;ild
whidl is tht' real
tf;c'idcoed di:ikette

for

TRKO
,which is tlw
tl:e sdec-ted dhkene drive, for
\X?R PRt. . rr II') ~.' 'fhc
,,\:hkh i~.'

frort:

conrrolkr useS' the

- 'rh,~ video controller usc;; !IlL,
signal to

tht,~ 'V h:Jf"O ('olnr1l:)llcr (HJtf;rH to

(h(:

CRr

theEIA sundatdil1terfac~ for co!Uv:Clioll 1" ~ncfher con~lpurn'. ;1
d,:vkcl'nt':"c (U01J)()IH'nt., arc dcscribe,J as folh,w.;;
Line Drivers - One
dri'liC:' the iHR IUS Land jvfb DTR.L
The
other
dr.ivt"S the SP-Sl. L ~~n~j ,~'f18 S·()i. "f If
\vll.~ch tr~nsn:dt the
PLUSV U (-1 12
serial dam. The

drivers.
Quad Uecdvel's
input dcv.iCe Tht:

ers wirh tht' s~'rial

[rorn the

"hares one oj the rcce rv~

Video Module Ii!! I

t:
'"
~

...""IiliJ

-...
(;t

,..,:

t;.l

""d~

8
Ie
i,U

"',.."

""
~

...
~

~
:,.
~

~
~

...;::

,p
:;i,;

:r:=

<
~

J)'"sHl~Hn d1 ~ai nfl'· connector

rnoduk
HS~<f.25

and
fadi~ltt:'(~ ernissioH fHtcf!n.g.

).
~~nd c(}rnp(!nt.~nts
·1.~tblc

un. tht:: rc·ccive H.n(~s

3 -:~,) 1j sts Ute

:{ss.;gn.;nt~qt~

51 1)

F\
<

Hi .1 )

CI:Japter 4
l)';'deo Suhs..y stelfl

Introduction

This

functional description of the vute,} ce;;JtroUcr the
the
bnard and driyes H m(lnod!l·om(~' or a (0101' monitor, \X1Hhin the video
lem, tht::
processor
lip to 16 ('olors or 1(j shacks of grny in
this
the term "color" also Hl{;anS "shades of
or
leveL;," The' monochrome VAX:m:Rt can di.splay 1(i levels of gray.
mfm~i'or board, and the CRT cirnliL The vIdeo cOlltroller r('sides on

'Video Conti'oUerFutlction~d Descript1,on
The VA Xrnat<: '-\'nrkSlclticm:vidco (:oDtfoHel'
video fne:rnory addres<;
video memory,
mel'nOlT,
n'e'n~oty

11 consists of tntnsbdon
of SLilt-tC V'i~leo
star-Ie 'vi<Jeo fonf

array

ii,
I ~ 1

4.2.J
The ,ranslatl.ot) log}.;: (J1JgUft"
translates
hRrchvarc data
HltG VAXmat(· t¥.w:lware·compatlble data. The supporting drcuits iodudc an
(\.(;coder. to provide enable
fot' tht: t.r<ulslution ROfl.f and
Ccrt.ain par:.nI1e:rer:.; in the 68'1'5 are implem('mation."pt"cif1c for some
standard applic;ttions that go
to the video. The transbtiofl logi£: forces
ttl{; ,raillcs \v.ritten for the
into the correct vahhcs
;md
into 1ht> index
01.' 684'5, latches the lower
four hit.'; of daw into
(12) /\n flO write at location 3D5
actio
vau,; the transiati<.:H1 ROM The data (SD7 ·O) ;lnd the previously latched
<l.ddres~
·0) form au address into t he RO~L The
contem'l of
the RUj\L at L:\D7·0, is viriuen imo the CRT controller.

-_3D~'··i..:R

Figure 4-2

;

Transhltion I,o~k Block Diagram

rhe CRT conrrolkr
\:"i(le<) gat~~ array. 'fhc
-0
:.tte l>h:ti re{.:don,~'lJ f)ct\V(~cn, rbA;~
68i5 CRT comr(llh::~r <lnd .he '.iekn gatt:: array. Thcii\cmory "ddre";,,> !.inc"

)j\ r -'"':-

,:c,~)L'Rt.:~;S

-~ 0

'-.."Dt<': ftH',ir !.tl~:r;;1Cf~\!

V1d:t~(~

SUi;.>j:-,Si(}Ul

.
j

Address
Roth '\1t: CPL ;;lnd the ( itT control.ler Ciln Hddf('s~ the video HlemOlfV
nit·: \ ;<leo In;::'mo;:y address
(Fip;urc .+ .·:i). 'IlK controll,>r mcmory addl'e"s
H, and. the cPt; addrc%
are multi
in thre.: 4 'x -,
is [tie 'video adtlrc~s
. ,vhlch g<W(, to t\Ji[O 8K >~ 8 iit;Jtic H.A.\t.".. The VA.O H and VA!."l H
from the vidf'O gate array. The I·} video addn"sf, lincs an:
e~lch mtll:'f to
an f)·bit data ,u.ldrc5!'> n'1~:' -0 HI,
to 16r::. >( 4

Video
The video nWl1lOtv
static RA."1 ;!rid a
,18
dvnamk RAM Umh mernaries t:;~('(;'n'('::
controH('l", or IrOm the: CPC',
the video mellIn,,}, ;lddn::,s5
(he
rnenlol1~ adlirt':~s Sp~~,{:e D1,;if}S tntO the addxt~5S Sj.ldt~C (If the (:r;()" ()thCf
ttl>
the
Ie video l.nemorv art: H),;V ~tddle;:i;;; :Stl'(b{~1 and <~c,luml1 addn:b;':
jnenlCt.ry

rhe vtdeo serce!"
the
from the viden, gat(~ iH:tav~ tLoist~H,eS ! i:1..(~ ~J~;.tpUt5 Gf thf- L~n.ll~iV~S '>~,t,,:ltt~~n
used

Video FmH Ri\ M
has a -4
pmgramu);;lbte tont R;\iVt
R
character pmternt;. Tilt' font RAM ~de<C1
cnabks the octal dr.i.v(:" to sc~nd SAl 1-5 ~ignals from the cpe bus to thl.~ t~)m

The video [out mf:mory
contains tViO 2K >: 8 bit
ea.:!! v.:ith
256 characters o:mt:a1l1t:d in ;\.11 8 -'-( 16
font tHalli); for text
rnod.,::. ·fhe video
array controls the v.ideo fom
the font
R:\\l 5,;lI::ct
, huffered memory write
, f",ut
Land rCS2
,(lnd f~)m output enable
enables the hidlrectiorl;ll Hnes bet\\('cn the video

funt UJ.t't:nllfY and the video gate array.
The octal
the screen-

srl}r<~" the next character thaI is to be shipped to

\f~';::';:;J ,~",£f,. C;~'o."

0;", (~i\,'~-~ _'\ff;_i':',';'

4·7

lllt~ ·v·:~dt·o tnerH()ry decod(:.r
Ix- decoded. ~;~'item ;Jddre;;;s
rnt:rHory
1). 'Thl~ decode!' also rni);) iri)r;; til(: r..:~fre;";h
fO dif':aI)le 'V·ttfE=~'1 L~ vl,:'hich ~(?CS to t.he

The video memory arbItration

1_'():

\nfH'<~ f'.j!Hv·~~·:

)fC: ·'1~:r;

'\./

!-.

gatt:
Tilt" video gate alTa) u..,es r'lVO ("(Lt.'.!:'.
nal
lor infernal
The :n.9772H .M.Hz
is us<::d for Higital
\Y240 emulal(~r HJode, the 22.:~(:;7195 ; \ I H z b used for aU other
and hjdin~(;t.iona.l
n)G(.lt~s. 1'he ~at!l': arr:kY
the
Un('~ t':Jr the varklil" OlmpOn(:rns of die video
HAS and {,;"S
for ~he video mCHwry'

arr2l\' ('lYC.Uit rha::

level" for the
processor thar convert-- mfmory data
on the- nlode ()I
t'fht:

{nt() ~-<a'{ious rasrer
Pf('C,~Ss('r

th(; outpW to th,;: video ompnt circuit

4-8

Vid('o Gate Arnry Block Diagram

i·9

Ii: i !

,11 J I

; c-.- -I

Vl,tt-i?O

the

gray '['he series re"jstoi,'" .,md

, :8-:

MOtlitor In terfa.ce

Tabk- 4·1 lists the lLlonhor interface signals, These signals ate
1.0
CHllt;!" a mNIocnmme or :i color monitor. See
4" 1 () for the monitor
COnf,(;~(:tot pin
on thl.~monltor b()ard

higln
t!)[

400 SC;i!1;-'. high for ";50 scansl .Mode

ground

400/2~O $;= Lf CT

J
1-- SPA;:;!:

gLUE Vi:JE:) - -

b "'-_ _ _ _..... 12
,.:3

or< fv1()r'~'ITOB BO,A.RD

i,)}~'E tr;J.,St fc".f

and through
rtl.€')(l<"s.

~~~~:t:\:;;i"'-(~,cn thi:' 2')0 and .:-iOt) iine

~;.l

~
:.~

:;)

~ :~

~
U

So th:u ~~.n c{:riTi,po~

H,I sets th.t~ currt~n,t fnr

the shunt
l'hc line sync
(he iio(', C3
of E I

; t:\-i,e I ~~.f:1"J is a cti'·;.7i-: ~f}~V. 1<5 ~:TTn.t.in3J,C;<;
;mdR4 Iirn:t"O tll.:' GFfcrH to \.h.f'
r

(:OtHp,unCfH-S for tD,C o.,;;ci Ui:;tor ~1X~~ hf,,~tL~{;lT~:>ll

R7 ~ind RR ~.:h:'terrDjne the
response of {he
genet'3tt' the nunp

hnhi ~,~(H1ff:f:1
rr,:'
dt:terrG f.n,e

(~~' ,_t' 1 l{~:~ ~ ~ind, (»

1{.1. ~{ is thi: cxtern..;t.I ra-nf.p gene!"~ito.r .t(H~ rh{~ PLl" 1< 1 (! j.S ('Oflncc:ted ro th{-:
anrt j·iCfS af~ a C-~J,n·'ent ~;onrc.(" for (,:?5) tJ,!,us
Linear ra,H11ii, (:7 is :) c~)upHng -capacd_or !)~,.:L~i{~Cn the. n,~[np .a1}:;j
R,3 ;i:ont'rol t.he dtH}'
of tJH? out.put
~1,:!d s:et th~' off r,inlt~ ~lt 1. S ,u..s-

Dr.ive Cir('ult
Tb: purpose of the drive rlrcuit is t() p1'Opcrly switch
in ,he iin.t output
$t;lge.
I.S ~hc,wn in
4· l.~ for clarity) The drive circuit nses tb.e
swbL::"9A V w drive tlH.~ lin.c s"vcep d.rcuit. 'fbI' Une sweep circl)it uscs a
tmw,jsfor circuit for accuracy in
drive ,:urn,'DL This (;i,rcll.it is
USC(? inst,;'ad of a lransfor:nH'f, w.hkh v.uuId ll;.ft'e 'variations dUe to pulse widdl
h1(hi,~tai.i!.:c
or srn;l! i
Tnt' ius,: curn:nt fleees",iry fot Q6 s;)JuraUon is 50 i.lL\. fur about 13 p,s,Thc
n'q:fSI.: current tn turn oft
i.e 111uc:h
but til.!$ current \a;;,ts for ,1
slJortn duration, \\/or:'>t case values are 1 A for I w;
cnrrent
\viH be about 600 rnA. Q) is
of handling this surge
;\s~ume the

circuit \'lith QI is on, \X'ht~n
1 ofE J is high,
1,;
nn ,;tntl re(~eivcs b;lSt: currenl from H 11 ElI2 sets due drhT~ current to the baSe
01
l:!ec:mse of the accuracy of this arrangenwnt, tIK drive current C1H be
elm';': to an ideal vahle, This reduct's overdrive,
shone:'f storage
and create", le\ver dis,~jpati(ll1 in

\l;'ht:a EI
1. goes !o.v
turns off and
turns on, pulling the
base
ont H:ry qLJicklr hCGUI5e uf the very 10;',\' reshitam:epalh to the ,-1. 2: V
, At thIs (ime, theba",{' of
15 a fevv volts hdo\'.' ground level.
() 1 and its :!$socla,nl
provid.e proli.~cti(ln ior Eland
"mel act 3.S J.
gate to remove drive power j n case thCt, 12 V or tht' .- 12 V <,uI,ply is not
if this drcuit \vas not ptesent \'lihen the -12 V
was 10\'1' or
DarlinI~lon
would be turrwd on and tim'-\ exec's"
pOV,TJ from the +28V Hn{~ D2 set>; the operating voltage for the gate, RIt)
Si:'tS th;~ hast: current to QI , 1U'5 ensures that Q! wJJl SHl~(' ()ff '-vhen (he -,12 V
IS tf'),V

If th;: ,.12 V goes lo""" the drive ,'lould be remoyed, hut theemitler base
w'ould cxn:cd 1;.he specificuion, Rl ,In combination \vith Rl;),

('xce:>:; reverse
.if lb:

R 1:1 also limits rhe
<l1xl R71, along \yith
tDnner, and

;H.:ross the base e.rnincr of
mrn on and tUrn off transient conditions,
current that E I UU"Ist sink
for the

trans

'ft-Ie lirl(~ 3'\Vet:r~ (-:jr,cu.it
ilar,I11(Jnic tune~d.
~1 () _~~

5\Vti:::rJ ci-r(.:::uit ;s fO

(kHcctlon yoke
} TIl? cif.;:uj["" "-"""",.".",,",,,
for the rn()11it()f,
0

4,16

L\~ ..)ttl c.u:r.r(~ni in. thf:~'

is rt)

~.tgxil

,-...
~

v
~

':.t

et'"

;..""

I..

....
...
4!'
....
'"1l
~

4·17

'!'he i..~~.1 c~~ S\.~~i,~Cp Clr(':i~d,fs j~~iJn s'V;:;jtfJ~ i,S ~'h,,;::
~:T;;,l~';.~;L-:it(~r
\\/h~c,h
~nclu~j(:s r~!I inJ~ flja~
6j(,;(J:;:, 'fh1.3 (:irC!J t b~~~ ~! -~;:.'J"!~~,F,~C· U,f.;:;t: ~~tf 6.,8 p-s 4X
tlH:-- ~H':: :rcro })(}i.nt. i d.~-~ ~'!qIC
(J\"(-rs~:,~,~n o~ t~lt~ ~':~(.~S:~·V'~ ~-,~,d.~~:-(; \lvb:de
aL ~~r~)u:nd. 2n(~ '-'~ ~s,. :'l;~l:~J.]n:;'~;ir c/),H ~H;;,d ~~n

))urjng this ri~Tle th,:~ (~tlrr("{:t, \o./hJch is
its rn.-a,xltnd21i p0S[r ~l~e 't(;'ttl__'~e :,'(} i't.~~ !n:'Lg,2j3JU~,~:f~

~~: -h'~:l

gO(~ [!xi-r',}

{;O

-'i'~l!nc. "t~_';_d ~T~(Jve,~_; t.h~:

c:~x::

h.;.: fIJrne,d
(tOffi

R,; 2 and (~-5! j~}.ro\,'jde ~l~!rnpjng :(:f tl'H.~ !'1onJ Hlt':':U"" ~",,~;')~ ~
r,ing,jng froH1 app<:arlng ~)n tht~- SCft:<"Ti.
~

'~"Jt~\:o:,,- ,r!1~-:nH(;"r hC~lnj:) ~lL'l}' !;~~ve ~~_ ;\1'~

t{;l n:<st(y·

h,avc :;-1 dH:)n,(~ C!::~,~.1("(,:-t(~:}, JJ :£

f~)t fa~t.e:r r~~~pon_se

(or !n~~~~

Figure 4-15

Simplified lSne Sweep O.(~ttit

auxiliary

The

Destination
CRT anode (EIro

+9);) Y @200

G2 and

+-4,5· \!

Video omput

rnA max

--100 V @12 mA

G 1 (Drighwcz;5 J, G 2 and G,;

tranfifor,n,:r in<.:ludes the rcctifier and th(~ bleeder re,.,istu for titt:
high tensl.Qn
k:~d,
then' is a resistor ill serks ,vitti the
EHT lead that
current '.,,,hen the (:RT lIas ,; fia5hover,
1HO and (A8 are the reniJier and filler for the +9"0 V
and D 2 an~j
C50
[unction fl')!: the -HW V
Ttl{' 1000 V ~c, dIvided
which supply the bias
to the CRT [(If t:moff
and focus, K""S,
and CS6
ami
(On
new circuit boards, T2 adds

.Dl I and C~9
"ideo

~H~r(,ss

('55 'T'2 !,!r~,;-c:rt~; :,uld J:1(-fCaSes

fn ~;~';fics v·lirh lflt: sLat!;;: f(}(':Ub C(Jn~r(,d, U76- l'l.t:.s

fCCU~3
CoJi',j'-: '-,l.;;,

Viden Subs.!'s!ern

l)l?y};s ~hc field p:trJce Bne,;
It) \c i;;irhcn

ill i l

the G1

fle!.d deflection cJn::llix

.mort:
you Canni.:H
It) rnak.c th(~ n::tri'H::,e IJn.cs \:. isil)lc,

fcvi"ion
4.·}71

\V.hcn
is ofC thi' bononl of esc; iii .1.hnost :11
A
from the field
def!'ctim.:. circnil turns
the hottom of C59 1(, ,-12 V Becan",c

CS9 i~,

the top B.lsn moves 12
the screen during lTtn.KC, ItS!
pron:ct-c, the drcuit
CHT fIashovt.'t.

D 1c:{ pfcvl:m:<; the base emitter
and C"I5
m.>c!i ShOri(;J ttmH the (II her

+17

fiX Hdd
K:
defkct.iotl, indudillg dircct ddving of the yoke . The fink:€: uses hoth tll<:
tital,i;:; +-9 /~ \" ~Hl{l th,e -~ 12 V
T"he external (x).fuPQnents art;' us~d 6:Jr
Jinc{fltV. ;)Ctl free tun

J'idd Deflection Cil'cu.h
In
the circuil has arl dectronic s'vvltch for software selc,ction hC.tvveen
':1:00 ;J.nd 2<;() line video
modes . \Vhen ttK mode
.is on, tIl!:
"witch

in al1mhef

R29 (Height
mode. C2B

control and corrects
Adju,,;tahle
4(0) controls the amplitude of the
in 400 tine
controls tht~ amplitude of the
in 250 line
from th('
comrols.

R24 and C19 ('om!'o! the internal oscillmnt· frequency. Since LtK monitor oper'
ot
60 Hz. no :~dju5nncm control is lH.:ccs;sary
The ,)sdllatIJf ('ont,'oIs a rarnp generator, whi.ch
a linear nHnp
and a buffered ramp (pin I}'

ales at H refresh

the lin~~~~lr .ni111p a
t.Df-S (:2(r

Clif't/C
~~ C: CUI"\r{:.

-j,?';/~1.U'_~h g(}r;~S. tc~ tbc 1
lt39 ~tdd~:; ~:n'I.;;~ C-~~H--~'{: ~'{) th::: f~H:~-~p at

S Cil_r",~e to lfle (RUput ?;t~~g(~,. TIlt: 2'10 ~,l_fle (neGe ~'v/{tcbes It~;~~
and, s~\':i.t(' h{\~

~.>:) H.4 0 ~1n(,~ I(:-,J· 5

t.o ;f,nSDre the

if>J.pW

-th(:' o1J.i.~) d,i.fi.er~·nl.::e l)et1>\,l'",'{~cn rh~":) (jt'~~nii~ H!~;d

t~; rj~~t

1 (] i-:~f the ~;p-aekp, 'I'hi; ~=~1!'-~-,"~nJ) corn",
~ v\' hicb C~!fn,c,~: ffon-~
1 arid

~rt r~{Jl '1

p~~res

cjr(~l!h: d:~f,)u.gh H:58. '[llt~~. (i'if: f(>;:-dba~':k ('~ freDt ~,'~,()-ru"rc:)l~

~!}C

.1~_ n:7;ist;~/e di\,'~d,cr ~~');'id,e
f(H' tht" Ot~tput sta~~'c

(':27

Bh~s

iht:

"fhe fie~~1 sYUl-

C16

l~~, ~Tel

l)~!h~ ~l.s \I\.rf.~-{ t as SOIne f)()l5t':
frl)n~ rltt: P{}v~/t~r Slll)~

al the field ,,;vue

4,19) cons,:sts of 'l power output ",lage ~l[Id a four
l.n ooe, cjrcuJL fhjs ;~ri.~ang(,.lncnt
and {irj-ve It:veL~ fcrr the OlHT;Ut. t.ranst.~t()I'~ J3 \.v'f.~.U ;~5
l:onttol for iile video
nmltipiy:ng o'n'l'crter II IS built fJut ,)f dil'"
'£tnd E5. ,Each l)lt c¥;:nltaltls an at.:ti\/c currenit
djJfef{~]Jtia; s\~rit(-h, £a(~h current source is ';:..et bv a rc-s):,{:or and ii
the C(lntraHt cork.trol

~(:fHr(:e an~;j

and

lt64
il6·4
f(;:r gtc-en ~ red ~
th,~ r"u.n,,~

stage

is 40
10, arid '5 nLh:'1,.
wheH there js no vh.l.{'o

R62

1:6 bnffers and IHH::rtf tlw vifk~('
;mcl C.Of\U'oI.S the differential svdtek
\'Vh{"f) the input If, H:. b
there should he
',)11 the ",creeD,
lhe differc"ndal s-wlt(h sinks Curn~m frotn (,210, The cm'H:m abo nows
.L 1. ~H)f1 t;{61 ~lnd ge.rH~rate5 th.>e ""'i~leo
that goe~ ~\) t he C~·HJ1CH__1('. of the
CRt, If tIi,:
to
the s','\fitch sInks cnrrent 1'1'0((\ the ~5 V
>

('oru:rast .

4·

Video

iill!
D8 tl;id R()O, on the cotkctor of Q J 0, p.rott~ct the monitor from any
from a nJbc 1135htwer \'ideo compensation L1, ,L vadabte induclOl', compt'nsat,;s for tht'
of the lube and its It;';cd,,
R.46 and R47 eliminate

nn the differsie:,V fall' of [(i

J.3 tilt' contrast control. R50, R51. itS.!. R55. and H58 arc u"1cd to nn.:vcm

high
~

oscillations. Rh5,R66,
C52. and
on nc~v boards)

and R68 lcrmil1,ue the TTL ilnc<;.
of the DAC.

The ;;ubstrate of r 4 and 15 conneos to the -12 V

.'t.4.6

Volta~e Stabilizer

use the ; J 2 V

line to provide a stable +9.4 voltage. I'his circuit h an t'mirttT foLlower that
u~e$ a H) 'I' Zener Jjod~ (1)1
as a n;Jcrcnce. The current "()urCt~ for the
Z':'fltr conH~S from tht' +28 V line, C(iO and (;61

Figure ':~-20

Voltage StabiUzcr Ch"cuit

Chapter 5
DisketteD'rilJe
COIl-troller

The d;~kette drive controller logic provide!' the interface between the
VAXrn:ue sY"ilem hus and the VAXm<u~ diskette drives. I'h(, controller C<.'tHTtlS
modulated
dina fwm the CPU module Into mudifltxt
5eri;d data thai i~ transmiut'd to a d.iskctte dfiw and recorded on the diskcnc.
MfM i" .It
recording rm;:tho(\ for dbkette drives that (:JKodt>s a dock
inw the .MF]\'1 nllX tr,U]sil:ions recon.kd on the diskette \);then data 15
read frorl} the di.",kenc, the comrnll.er rt':cO'itcr" tht~ dock a.nd data.

a clock separator,ll1d data separator.
S,I. Hlustrates the controller position in the VAXmate system Th(' dis,
<:nnt,!ins:1 floppy dhk comroHer
, thre~'
Hl1:cr'Mi.
I.ogic, address logic data and o.lotrol
that ,'Or!'
flt'ct:; to the diskette
and common logic tbat ColHH'('t5 1.0 the CPU mod·
. The 1'(:;00 i/O board
on SbCfts3 through H of the
Print Set illustrate the disknlc drin' controller

ken,;' drive <on. tmlkr

~".-w~",,"H""~ CPU ?JiGO.,J LE

,..., '''.~n.

~--·-~--,--',·-~---o.l/O f':1C1Dt) :._E

-~~"" ~

_---'-.,u. ..... ,-___

Opel"::-ltion
The controller 'iuppons
{SUO

operates in cittV:f 0\1.\. or non·!)MA ,:n.odc

dhkeue ,jri,'es "virh 81ambrd
Tbe ;jisketW controller
I.t uSeS D:\tA mmk tv ,ran~f,cr dan

to an,tl frvIn the ~yStl~nl rneru<;t'y_ In 1)1\1.-\ trHJ(l(><: tht: proc("s~(H- issnes the corn

m,md to the diskeitf.: (:omrdkl", ;uKi ~he diskcw::: controlk:!' <In.d ;;y~;tem DMA

control!.er

!., •.!.t~_H'%'·',"

k:r g<:'ncrarl"s

the data transfer. In n'Jl1-DlVL:\ mode, the dl"k('ul' controlto the procc5sor each ti.me the contmUet tran",f('fS a

data

Diskette Drive Controller Conne..:tor

The l.Ji6kt'ue Drive Controller (:onnCCln[ (PC500
Hoard in t:he
Prim:
Sheet 4: conn.t'cv, the diskette drlv<:~ c,.mtl'Glh~r to the diski'UC drive,
associated \\lith ,he connector are w,ed for motor
data" lab k ~; - I 1h l:S the fU!let ions 01 1rl{' SC

ED HD SlT.l H

:EnableI' "'trite (i;lt;l 1.0 the diskette driw:

Stepping pulse!' that step the bead to the lK'Xt or

(mck

bil5..::d on PI) DlRECTJO'\! II

Provk:lcs the
,hh
is

dJrccti01.1 of the
heads :'>((:1" iJl

FO ?>-10TOR A ON

FD .DtHVE 13 SEt L

Sdccts di"k;cuc ddve n logic,

I'D DHIVE A SEt l.

I'I) Of, H

from drilw

has he en opelled,

FD \VR PHOT t!

\Vt!tc protect slatus in

H) IRK!) H

! ndl.clW:>i ilul, t !v:
di5kew::"

Fl) lDX II

Index pills<:
diskette

oft!;.:

the

fr(;J)l lhe VAXrume CPU
ls lss;Jed to dw
[73), vl'here cite required timing
for
()mputs 1'ron1 the dock g(~nerator ;ire fed to
6.1:6"')

C~Ci(~~ (;utput,~ fJTWl the

doek

1£1c dat:] :'iep:uHwf

and the

Th(' Buffered Addl',:1'>'i HI:~2·0

Di\lA n'quest
disk comwller

the address for th~" diskette dflve (:omroj·
address The addressc<. art' a~<

k" Th.<: D!SK SEt o)mm;:tnd de(:odes the
fe,r:o\l,'s,

Select floPPf disk cOl1tf'Olkr
\'Vrhe: Dam tr,m~f'('r rate

Rt:ad: niskettc change H",",",H'r

Disk ControUer
The
rDC

is a H}·pin
, ) , The
the control functions and circuits to connect t.he HX35 ,hskcttc
dr(vt~f,;O the VAXmate Cl>l,: ,(11.odul(', '\,Xrme dal"
\VR DATA
is developed
from dat~i lJWi'
(LAD7·0),. input comrol
include track inform;:;,
t{ad and wntt:~
chip
and other parmneH'r~, Out,
pm
writ!.'
step (ontroL
lare), anlI head select, A
description of the
8272A c~m !)t~ found m the InH:l d:u<I sheets

be
\\/rirtcn..

5.2.7

DRQ Dday
the Dl~Q
d.1~' di:,kett<:

~fhe

pur1-)osc of the da~~l sep~H."at(;t h; tG e:S,ft:~~,c't
d::'~i,~qdcd, dat:d.

the

it. d.(it"S 'lh.~s

rebltion~1";ii1 ~;f (h1.tt:~

the
;-ind

~~~h~=f:t R

the
ins],d.~::

thf contrt-11h::r chij), 1'11.e ,PioCt:SS,Cif (~~J" a'c'cess ~~H the-y.::
thrt:c~ con.tro1
inclutie the {))o.trc~'i
; I)ata. 'TntflSfef Itatc
c

and

DlskeUf' DriN' Controller"

ft.:"'gister that I-ideG5 diskette
O'n the dr.ivt' motors. enahles :lnd I't:set& til<: dlsk('itC .;~o:ntroHcr
to ,tl,,"' system proO:SS<)f
,.ESK!:;:tH: D!VIA fll,,(k. and ~:nabJt:s
) ;·lr~: btdl,:(i in the
Oed
(:fe,'~lr:{ 31 I C,GiHtXoi

\-/'

'1
.:;.

tU.rns

0
DRIVE

A DM};

is
,'.

()

nit

"" Turu on motut of Drive A.
H -~ Turn off n,otor of Drh{~ A.

:;c,

Enitbh: FDC chip.

o = R~>set i'DC
o

i) ::--~ Scit"ct I)ri\'I{~ ,,-~t.

"" Select Drive H

A. s. n;cntiune.d ", ..r,·"""
drive and

the dlskeu.<: controller
a '"
inch d.lskew:
ind~l driw,: has a dat'l. rate based on t,:vo diJfen::m
U.l\V speed u,>e;s sCHHiard
and operates at

lJiJ:tzietfe }}tt1}(:' (,'{Jni'!,'(_d!p?,

:T~{>di~~, rifld oJ)t:ra.t~:2: ~!t a ~~OO J(B~.t data trari!5fcr f'Ktc
S{) l , \l\."heil \V t'ittcn to the (fat;·! 1rart.;~f:~f r3_i-!:~

The hit
,l)(ttCf

1. 0

'1
£

·"l
,J_

['!;.
~,i

()

,H){i tn,;-'

dara

m.a:y l}t~ access;;,:d iH ,1ny
for the rl';:hl3ft:l: of datil b(:t\vten the

has
acu:g'; to the dMa bus at a time, ThIs
stores
H:fS, and dbkt:tte driw' smtus Information, The jnJorm.ltion '\:vrHten inm, ',),
fe;;H.l
('onJrn:lnd~

conxain~ the disk,:tl'i:.' comroUcrc;lam'i, The CPU li:lay access this
any tim.!: to transfix dar;l between the cpr: and. GltHfolier.

4
(~{)N'rl{O[.

--.- ~·~L"-I· :-·~·.-i::~::-~·[~-[-~.=-~c-,I
:f

f.HiSY
.__

<"~.... ~ I

un.-'.. v:;.

J..1'Lk. .

'i.l:;.

.~____~. _ _•._ •._ .•. >. __ •. _ •. _ ....•_.1 .. ....._....__ l .. ~ ._.__t_ ._____.. .

siStS c~f ~t:"~;-er~~J

to tile data bH5

Data

I~~~.: :.1:. ~'I

\vjth

7fl

I)ar.a

Th.1:'
four
store status informati.on after a command has been
exceL,Jed. The srorage occnr~;
lh(' ("esu!t
and is relevant to the
COf'-uH'i,and,

INTERRUPT
COilE

UNIT SELl~C'f

SEEll:
END

Bit

DescrIption

7 -6

0 \) = COmU1<lfld "";'.8 completed and terrninatcd

I '-'" A.boQrma.! termination: lilt:: disk drive
during conlmand execution.
1

321

!""~"-F·~.N·-··'~'-~"'----o--'-"""~~~-1:~1--o--T::--:;-:-l~~1
.....

~-_~_ _~ .~ ~~_~~~._
...

_ _ _ .l,. •••

•• _ _ ._ _ _ _ _

I'____~L_ _ ~_ _

_.J

~~(: t \'V ht~ll the c.::;n tr(iJ l(~r ~il!'e~1',!ptS t<J JC'('-(~:·;~
s~~:ctOt ~It 3.

Le,n.).

a 'rh.c ~20n1':'-(jI t(:,;~' L~lnni)t fin~} the
!< ]";',1(1 {hc!, .l v,;nle-dde:cd

()

B<:'

HI)

CAN

CON'mOL

IT
QUAL

Bit

in tn(' data field.

Set ,,,'hen !.he <.~ont.cntS of thf;' nu're:nt
<:tnnxl in the dabl
Set v;i1enthc
CfJiIWlan4.L

Set if the c,)mrolkr cannOt find ;1 5t'CtQl r)fl lh.\::
tlk nm(jitiou
it scan commJ.nd

,
J.

!~ ~1ifh;:l'e.nt tlJan the Ct)nt!ent~ stor(~d in

cont(;nl:'> is

()

Set '\vben in'.': c(ln.rolJer C;Ulnot fine! a data adores::; m~lrk or deleted
dat:\ :tddr~M mark
a n:ad

FAULT

'fR.l\GK 0 'I'110
PROTEc:f

SWE

UNr s::~l
<,.•

Chapter 6'!
Hard Disk Gontr()llelte:1

6.1

Introduction

Tn;: VAXmatc hard disk cQntroller conneCtS the \:.t\.Xmate CPlJ to an RD3 .L\
hard dhk drive. Th(; (~omroHer suhsyt:;it:'ro,lncluding the hard
disk driv(:, is loeruetl i.n the RCU31 expansion hox
6-1) It consists of
a'V>:TJ! 003-WMI controller module with cabling to connecr ~r w the hard disk
drivc- This
desn-ibes only til{> hard disk cnntH:.Her. The hard disk
dilVl! redlo.ical
(RD31-A Disl? Drive Manual, .EK-RD:H
con
(ains deuIUs of the RD31-.A,

Figure 6-1

Haro 1>isk Subsystem l,ol~adon

~·h(.' ()n~Un<,: ;;;;;::otage
.:~v1u(~,i fi,;..:(j

sy~~tt'nl "v,1.th an ;l(!diUrlnid

dat;'l.

10 g
prji1:';i:.~d ~:.i~·(~~1.~t t)oatd~ ~t .t1;>t$ t,'i,X/()

rna.it
(XHWec'«)TS

\i,df.: of tty.;. hc~ard
ch~~rH!el

devic:,2: ftA,,},,·"1, :~~,{~~ctC~f buffc:r (,l,r;:: ><

\.1~71) ~ (~ 1,5 buftf't n~an:~ge,:~ con.trnt f,}lOt~f:ssor, ;;1,Al.Q, :{. '\\/i'; .~. 1 ()JO.;'\ .h-:Js·;', hus i :~~,(~!~
nl~in~:fgi::.r

poj'A~;;:

~~Cf-Jj\I~t.~ r:Jf

Module

PPI

Hard Oisk' ControlJliir i I! i

conneCtor sIgnals, Th<: pin rt~ferences are as follows,
card edge connector
,0!110<lfM!nt sidc -

pins A1 through A3]

Conducwr silk - pins B I rhmugh 831
cirll edge connector
COrlU)Ollerl!' side - pins C1 thn)ugh CIS

CondnCtor $i;;k •. pins HI through D i8

6.3.2

Module JUt'nper Settings

Ta.bh~ 6,1

WDl OQ3,WAH Jumper Settings

Position

rUllnion

Slatus read is not l;\lCh('d,
(selcct=drit't' busy)

drive select

Sl,ltUii rnuj I.a!.dleo, Static drive ~lcn {select ,lsscned
e".;.;epl during reset)

Prim~ry address!:'!' scleeted

jumper

Secondarv ,u1dres':>Cs selected

n.<.H used'

No jumper pi.ns instalkd on board

2·,'

Tit:'; finmvare sen~e bit high

[,2

Supports n,vi) head, 612
second drive, ''''ith
standan] syslem Set.Up fot fOll,r head ,306 ('vlindcr
dr.!.yc

Jumper 1·2'

Standard configurati.on

rntcrn,IJ IXJWCI'-Up circuit Signal
Jumper 2,5'

Tics inp01 high, Tht' 35 MB step rate is selected
rate 0)

Jumper 2-3

Ties input lo\.\' Tile 16 {.is 51ep rate be selected {"rep
rate 1 "ii

6·5

II'
j

hard di.sk ;:~nntri)1.k:T is a p<:./.,,"'[ 'bus f'."",,,c<>'"
802 t;6, ho~)st ;pr{)cess~)i'
~rht~ banJ dl~k coni. roJ if r j,nclu<Je~ the

~rhe \~=/l)l.n(i:~-\X/l}J:-l

z~:.i r'~'u 1t tnodu ie UJ.at c(')nneCfS a h~H~~j dihk tlfi'v~:.; to the

:U'fay 1hat cottt;t jH~ l'nt5

RA.M

Sector
hct\\·een the disk drive <l.nd tIlt: sysH:m bu;,lhi:; buffer l~ \[~t'd to conv(~n:
16-bit data \.\ora" m ~H;i, (lata

Buffer ~1
'fhe WI) 10 1 5 ',>In,tToi procicS50riridwies intern,d .R";Vi and ROM mernory It iB
used in c{JnjHnctic~n vFith the \X;[) 11 (~OtJ.~\ ho~t bt~s inle!:_f~lce and \X,:f}20 j C~

disk ('(.:maolier. to pWi:eE,:; di.sk

:Jid in ('[for recovery and t~rrox

;1.nd pt:rfo~-tn n1(~(htle

C:cH1'11.na.nds,

~:ct.()r

rnan,us. ~rhjs <.,--oHlfollet ~-tlBO
delcci

r(,:(~:

Logic
"'rh,c

control logl-\.: consist5 of t'\VO

di3k <..~Gn,tl'"{Jl1e:r and the \\?I)'·i OC,2G

{:urnpon(:ntS~ tJle \X,])20 1 ()
channt..~l (levicr: anti d~l.t~{

Hard Disk Contmllei'

"II I
I!!
I.

10 MHZ
;>{;/I. L

vVD10C20

\/eo

L_ _

-.J

figure 6-7

Controller Read/"'rhe IAigic ~ Block Dingl'a::m

The ,'I;rn 1 OC20p{'rforms write data pt't:·compensatioo, and read d<ll~ separation
(phase. locked loop data synchmnlzaUon). Thf; disk controller converts 8 bit
"." .. ,,,., data hyte,., hUn modified freqtlCncy modulated (lvlFM)
serial
data, for storagt' on the disk surfa,ce. l:ady/latt'
control sig·
nab arc pnw idea hf thl: controH(~r
e

6·<)

For ;'i~a(~
~)s,('ijIitiOr

\V ith tilt2'

) ~~~;,o{"k, 'f",~,~~c \'i(:'(; gf:i,1~-~~J·J.tcs re~

,0 RC~J( clock

RCLK. ddi,.;(:s ;i ,Jilt.l

(:ornmarui

\~£/r;_i!.~ ;::~,n~J ro.rrrtat corn"nIa:n(t.s S(~f ~De ("~Hr~l

(J)j{(2)

reqllest St:ittJS

\;\7'hicb ini~i~j.tz~s tlr.e hfi'Sl' Q,at.a transfer. ~~X/ht:n tne d;lt<~ tran~fc'f i;.;; Cf)t1l-

l'he i.]uffcl n.lan~1g(:r e.'.;{~trn ~ nt's rhe C')lH 1~J:tl."';d, '~:c ~~j fi,(:s tht: C{l;;'t~fa~lr~d
and ;)4i~":;t:'-5 th;:- C01f.~rn,H:_7,d to lll;t_~ (~is}.;. cont.ro,~ &{~f

for e-::':C(_:t~Jl-:.)n,

The \X'DHH):',·\\:ftIJ f('!urns to
~U1d the host em examine' cQntrolkr ana.
drht~"ta,us. H;,ld input data, and otber pararnet:::r& t(J
the

AJJ S'{":r.cm bus dat:. transacTions between the: system CPU and ftl'" hard disk
C{)l1u·olier at(: in I (,·bir word transfer bus rnode, The cOl"roller reSeniC:i systerl1
,l(klri:s§ I FO
for tht'
dan, transfers. The com.folkr m.cd·
uk
h,ts all 8"bit RA;\l st'ctor buffer and a trvte
h'
i {. ·hi' ""Stern c!at<. bus '"vonls on the controller 8·bh local dam bus

r------------------

6·J}

6« i 0 'lnd (J,~ t l i!Ills~i.,~ite th.e inH:,:rfa~ce tl~iS
p~}:.rafn(t-ers aft: ,,?h()'\vn

in. "fables 2-:3 ~lJld,
~~.-;I..-,; _ _ . - ~t!i:~(;';,)r'/

l:';~~~4·'''''T''·'''~'_f<·;.,~·h~ f',~~-~"·-.-,~-~

~'''+"'''>1
2~,n ~lS f,i1 r'~ I;",r;d t~j ~

'r n:rCi-t:;: ._

-*-~"-1 r. ",·.:a;..~·-·r,,·;:

L~_.",,~{ 1 }',

1:;~'f!Q',

iOR L

~~.......,,,,,... j '; ;';;'i --'~-'·"I

,_•.••.~.._ _~ ____-..~. J.o,.~~·~·-·.·'·iU --l'S MIN ',,;:i;::'~ """"'~_'""1B>~ r"-".'--._.-

jO'/f L

Figure (1·11

8-Bit

tJi.t{:Ci, JV[eJn~ ;ry /~,("t"--e.~;s

'j i~ fF)t. sur',,-

r~tn,ge~, -(;~',~n 'be ~e~.t:(:tt~(t 'iJ~_c h~{rd

11.7

!fan! nix!;: CUfWy>Uf-r

HUD

'i:

SN
CL.H

SUH.

'fhis
s,e("to( tHl.rfer fc~t
nonn411 n;'ad and write comrnand:; in t h e ! u o d c . Acn~S5 ,hi;;,

while

a r~ad or '\-vrit{~ (:omrnand Aitt'f <,
kmt: FCC

at !.east !..6 nHcrost:condf, bctv;.'txn tran:'if<:','s
bit:) of the Status
fUUS! be valid hcfor~:

\)!

stiJttlS b 1:
r,,;:h·r,.."'" c;Kh EC(:

that COm~i!)5 [tit;
1ru~_nlyt':~~ is ~he

70
(,-"fror ~~taru& lnf():n)~tlou that tn8.Y ~,tpp(~af aft~~~ a
jaD. I:; ?alid when the <C.H'Ot bIt is &;::1 in the Status

GWJG:w.nd up~}n pO'YS;1'-up. ,wd
~.;J {Jl~'~~~k hardv~---~a"t" :-;raCti&. ';.11 e~~.z·,b L~~Ne:

.;~~{)nti,L~!1f'; tIle ~:un~J">ef of se'C~t()!'s to J,}C l('ansferf'(~d, t() th.e

He~H:L 'lX/:rit;~; j{~~'f~d

~ Of l,>Ol"'rtl.(lf. frat:k cornJnand~
a :rn.ult~ple s-!"~c(~)r transfer; aft~~r t~~~c"h ~ec[or ~s tran$l~'~rtc,d t':'J ttH~" sectf1f

tn.rf!£:_·X', th(.!o CfJnI10n,(~;~ (k::efC_0It"':fUB t'h{:2: ~~'"l('V';f ;..~()tral: '1~HJ -i_ncren~en.ts the sector

fif~t ~ecrnr jo. 'tilt:

!-r-=::,nsfer

c'rh~ C()Il(:rc.~~le;~ :~n(~n:rfl~~ntti lhis f1ul:n'~)e!' after ~~ach

full ;':;C~:'=Of d~tt~, ff3ln;:~f,~~r ::() the ~~t>ctGt' hulfer

"f the I O·hit
dl(' C\VO

b a

tnnst

that huhb th,~ c,,,·o

biu, Gr the (k~~ired cylinder i1!Hnber. The
bi IS (>1 tOt" number.

l(~

,\\Ht!b'~r

, 'fll.{" pl'ogran, nm~t
the rc"ult of ,t
to determine the result !f \\irite Fault Ol~ Error is :lctin:" Of

l:icctor

is abon<;>d.

Comn:mnd Registex
This
of .m::>.cro CI)mrUanas fwnt. the
Wlen tbe' information

should nOt be 'wrIu(:n to whHt" til.; cOHtrolkr is
. If \l.?dteFanit i'" active,
Of Ddve
Ot Seek Com.plet(~ are
the cO!urolkr dnes not execute
;~ny (oumland, and aD AbO(H";O C,)tlHmH:\U Error
any
(:Otll·
in M, Aborted Comn1.1nd Errol'. 'Vhen any OJfUIJ1;l.nd is written to
this
. the cootroller
is reset

The [o:.sn;ll:t: COt:m:n;~nd [non::,; the
heads to chI:: (llHl;rmOSf track
tlon
. This cOflnnand is
uM:,d
a pO\'ltT·Up condi t lou. ,
Toe i'ontroUcr issues step
to the sdcctt;'d drive 'witil the Tnu..:l;; 00
slgn,al f[(Hll the drive become!> trut', The d:dvc Sn:,:k
the ,,~ep fate. If the Track 00 signal 1s nor assf:!:ted after 204'"
the
conHnand
with tb!';e !;:rr()f bit set in the Statns
,lno TK 00 Error
set in the Error
This (:oHlJ1Und setS tbe
The
lower four bits of the .r;:on:unaod !:ideC'l one of 16
CooUltalld lermluares when Drl,~e Ready is Jeasst~rted. ~)r \~ritt:Fauh is
assened, \Vh;;;n these cmv.1itions (Kenr, the ('.!Tor bit in the Status
sets,
and the Error
reports an aborted <;:omluand,

Seek Conuuand (70-7F)
Tut, Seek Command moves the
hcad~ to the
the :<15k fHe
fQur lmv order bits set tn"
seck r:.cue . At the
of this oimmand the controller gencl'al:CS an
H Drive Ready i,.,
or \,,'rite faub is
the cQmmana
terminates, the error lntin thl.~ 5C."1.l1~ Regil5u:!' is seL and the Errol' ...'v,"u',.
:,hOW'll1.!1 ahorted eomrnand

kd seek. to the pnT"'t
r~lt{~, 1:0 b(' lIt;f

ns\c;'\ .ikc;ton:; 01 "t:('k comm,wd.
inder b()Un\jt:lrh::s. If t'he' 11ri'vc

]'h1S ("~)!XHrtRnd HOC~~:~'~',s Lb,e contfc}J.h::"f t(~ e-xe(:utt;" self tCSt1~~

'and .if a

fCP(Jr't the restd.ts 'li::NtS; art; f~Jn ern intcrna{ I~().(Vr J:1},j
~1:~?hen a t~ilur(" {)Ct,:dT5, lh,e cOHtl'coU,er 1.0~iiJ~
erT~}r {:'o(lc into the frror
{)f

t:ll~S {))lnrn~H\(j

refn,~~ .
IJ'e. St~L 'fhJ~ CGilHn~!'nd nrust l)i,:: ,is;;!. H~d

are

Status
ThiS

contains [he
and Drip;: Sckct

)\. n

,is

Chapter 7
Expansion. Box

!.I

Introduction

The exp,1I)sion box
7,1) converts the VAX rn.a [c workstation into a
ner\vork sener. The cxpan.~ion box has a hard dIsk storage device ~lfld a
bus interface. The hal'd disk usc ...: the j\·1S·DC>S 0lwrating systenl ancl
;\lSYiiiJidows applkatIon pwgrams. The expansion box ,ntaches to the bottom
of tbe VAXmate '\.yorkstatiof'L

box is a\'aHab!t~ in the following configurations
40 Mbytt> vAXmate LXp'ansion Box (non-U.':,.A. versit.m)

Hcn32·FC

40 !\1bytc vAXmate Expansion Box (L.S.A version I

l-EA

20 MbyteVAXmatc Lxpansion Box
sian)

·FC

20 "{byte VAXmate Expansion Box

.S.A.

It .

'rb:~

p{y\'\/er f(,H~~ rhe '/>\)(rn~l.t{~ ,;:.v(lr}~:st~!ti{'}n ~~i.tn(~

<:i:c)('k ~:~n,d i':::-{/t:Ht ~in)e!:. F~)t the .,.~/:.\ X,nl~H'C -\vnrk~t~lti()n to
prcst,~nc{~ qf thi'~
th~ \ii\-XJ1f)~te ~/V(£t'kstatjon_ "fhen, run the i;-~,~,(tt:nded self-test [0

()f

dle pO"l;ver fali bh in .. hE evem thnt:> and
,,,,,,,,:e!,, 'rbe Pi)it;.;/t~f r~d! DH ~ndi(~at1:s if th~;:

;{PI)e~H' i.n lhc configutation liSL This venne,~ Hl;;, bm·
is avajt~bk, the hard disk .b :.:onn;>:~u:d to the har<i di.'!k C;:OD'
;aJ)~:1 the C',Kj)arl:-H()H hCfS' <~on!lecti[)rl 1$

error nnlnhc'f'5 8.i or 87 arf-

(Hsk dr,~'i{~ (] or '1
Spt>

Box I"staliaN,»1i

.2 _ Ser~axat(~ t}:.~
.~atc~,1{~5 and!

up
j}C~X (>G·.GlpO,n;cn,!:~;_

Bo:',' ii·l.

CARD GAGE

Figure

E~pansion Box Components

EXllaosion Box Fu.tl(~tiollal DescdptioJl

'7'/1 is R block
of the exp,lnslon box component~L The remalnfeatures a hard-ware u:dmical
of t.hesc GlrnpOHents. except tor [he hard disk drive and hard tUsk controller, whkh are
described in Chapler 6>
d(~t of this

Expansion Box Block Diagram

7·5

H7271
168,-~- 5~O 1 ') i;:~ d:~-"i(~fnbli:i.i ()rl a :\
t-,rt~t;,: ~~:~xpans~ot~ b{):!( HS~~:'\~- 5(~:) ~/Gtt~ J'fO:f;l ::~\t-< ',/,/C,jtt::;t~t,~

hiiS a green i,FI) t~') in;,.:h(·,:i~,te ~h;H- P(~~'~/(':'" ~s
the iJi~~fi ~d;:Ji~ of rh,~:~ bo.:-\:',
v,,~jre cahl<::~s and (:()nn.t:-ct(;z,3 f(it rhf:~ JJ.~J'(~ {:H,-,::~ drl~-,t": t.ht"
lolP/l:fs (iD

~r'be reguJ~ltor

ti1)n for tb.f); +5

V and + 121 V oV'lHHs, The
for .~ll~ ~-;~~lr~t~_U~,

inpHi goo;> to lIne fj her L1 }H cn!1unl
';"'ldth
eMf):::; timer turn rhe Q I FifJd Effect Transl;;;tor on 'till! off

The
~t a

IOO kflz rat{~,

U) s))\;ltcll r.he

t~n:,Jorn;c r,

l1he tT2t1sfornler i)utfHll is
de m.n\,w

+1;: I. V, ~)' V,

and. dg" fan

'\/ }~~ 1 .i n '(~1 (: 11 ,~ v

~~ ,h~crd ~- L~ ~i

~~:ari- ->'t3-fJ t: rr~(~ f~::t ~.J~,c h~~r(~.

.iGS~~ \\ill~_;"t~_

~h.::

'1.2. j V hI ;tn

~Jl1;, ';:'Jedb:wrJ. T~Re

fnt

575 Vde

E~upply.

The VAXmau; workstation power supply aud the
lawr
!! total of 2tl.5 I,\',:HJS of jJ(l'lNC, w til!' loCAl"""""
.5 w;;us p e r T h t : h:lrd disk (:0(;t1'olk1
slot .A. total of 19 \vatt~ is l\\'ai1~lf)le: fOJ ~iny

CilInON
;';inTr inMaH

bOX'"\:aH41ge, ,\
nC4;:ds mn1'c tiMn

hinw the fusc .in ttw ",,·wlb.',
,>vork::itation po'!;ver supply. Set; your
to duermine the \VaHage

dIK!lmeuratj.Gl1 or saks
for th(':

Tabi;;:
is a SlJ mmary of the output
and cun'emnnJg<::s to ["'" considen;d \vhen you design a moduit' for dw option

Voltage
(min)

Vohagt:
(max)

Current

Cut"n~nt

(min)

(max)

OElA

+11.5 V

0.6.A,

-W,8V

0.0.\

-·f.5\'

Fan -12V

1.00.mY

O.l A
0.25 t~"J,

lj'O mY'

".1

.in tb:

SlQt~ in

79}.Use the bottom slot if yOll ha\T 011<: r:HKUd lJl\)umed ::m top of
an{!thcr boanL

7- J 1

i!l

,11

}lox

7·1
111'st'f'U(t i011S

FIgure 7·10

'I:

.roUow the

10 jn5mB Iht'c c~,blc and anv

Ul. If you instalkd an

Figure -;·'-11

from the

,
i

:;.

L{nver tlw b;lCi<: corne!'''! of th" cnvu' inti) the groove on ,h;;~ b~ICk of
tht: h;<5c.
~}

'l\:t~t~,~~ sure fh<it t1.1e C(Jrners are scated

inskk l.he Glb;, on the

7 -] 2

of th(: ba;:.(o . .,,1

and r.hal art ~\Vlrf'S are

do not interfcre

Repla.cing Expa:n.st.uH Box Cove..'

Ch(.lfJte',~ 8"

Kev bOtlrd and
Key board Controller

8.1

Introduction

controller
is the usetinrerfacc If.' th~:
,\viti: it~ 0\<,'11 internal commUcr, . .tn 80'51 . The 8051 controller d·et<;'cts
,mel ;;:r:":::<Jdcs ''''<;'''~fy,l'
Hnd transm.it5 thf~ Inforrnaoou to tlK
rhb

(lesuihcs tll<C' jj(150

iO;::;j,{~d on the 'VAXmate (;PC board

face
to tte c(,Httal

ceflt!:J i pro(:es;;o(
SiUPP{)r':5 both
tio.Oi (li'! ,he VAXmate nenvork.

Keybo<ud Physical Description,
'[he

in. the

groups.

.. (vlain keypad
keypad (l8

ke;vs)
(10

nlC keyboard
y::J'lJ~ c;:~n i)rJ~n \\,jth a h,c;.x .. ni1t d.ri.ve,t.

rcmov~d.

'fhe keyboard h:ls a Libel strip holder ~U1df<:mr tEDs iocated
the top
of the keyboard ;I.bmw the
function
Thl.: Lthel 5Uip5 :In:
used to'

these(>

and tht, tJ:rlS ft)t' \.Hffer~::pnr

JJfograJ,ns.

A coHee!. c'ablc. ''''lth ;1 6-pin modula.( COIH,('nOr on .)ne end and .1
feCL·Jngu{at conneLt~)r on the {}-:h.(~ri conrlt~CtS
ti(~n, ~Lh-t' l(~oduhH' eOnneC(fH' fits

;- t.b,e
rh(": cable ir~ 1he stl)t to the hOttfJlll. of th,e
;-;j(k of 1he

into

to thi~ '\-\.'{)r].r..8ra'{Cl'U car:; .rOl.ttc:

thil' figar~ i~ contaij1(:Q iY;
:vI;{trix. c,~r(:uit' ~F'~d (t1(~
c]r("lli::: ap'r1C~lrS tje~(.~~~~,," ';'~J:f
Oft. th,(:: (~P(j board in fh,e ';'V/,,-~{rn~:te sYSten1 ileJt,

inti'~rt'a,ce

int.crnat fi.r(D\'\/H.re, ~rh(;~ (·(.~ntrol.!e.r p:ro·
h'::v~r-fa(:(~ ht:~t\)f;~,'ceil tfJt: IJ(2~O

--fht:: k~~yJ-,c;'-;lrd int.(::"f:,!c~(~ ~:(}utfG~Jf~r C~)fn~n~j,r;j(,'au::-s . . .IIf-jlh ti~e
birHn:c:icHca! o;;c;-ial Cat:, linc, i\ s;;umd line
]JH:Sf.:. Lines :ttfC

;ltHJ tbe 'v't\2(nHH,"

,.. ~·,·,,'i,">" standard -rfL

kveh ,md conlffitmi,:ares
bidirectional prot;.)t'd. The intt'rf;t,~e transfers dl~U:'
actcr information in gtnups of a-bit panern".

8-.5

l'he

;~,n(j tt~('n stnrf'(J in the (;U~·PtH buffe·~·-.

-fl1C i.JeLuJIr

nAT
Hi tnt: CdftrrGl~cr is
it: gert(~r~u.t.·,~s an
the \'/~JLn!,l~t'~ (':p{"; th~tt d'a,t~·i is

req ue;:;t (
i,n ~t5 fDterGal chctta

(:-~'F;~«(\

l'he h1.pur
foI i')',"'"

X.EIOR L

TtST 0, 1

KHf)

XTAL 1.2

1()P (:5 I
':is L

-The: kt"\t~~G;lrd iutt~~rface c_(}ntfc~ler
1"1 :uJw
'l i.hi
o,pt!t)ns ~jt~~(-'nt ;;D {:l(; :-::-~ysh:>~,n t ~'1(::- SUU"US rcg"'st.er' ;,ctl{:'~ctS the st.ate nf rh.t_ ·
keybo:lrd ccntr{Jd,e~" Hnc..;, l'!::,e L,")~' ri-:;n: fGH~}\'~;s d(~~Lr~n}{>,; these control anti

286 H.fSLT L

bO.K

The

r_i'ht:

l()Cfft',ioflS h1f\!C an

1,8 >< 8 irl f1t:, fr1atrLK.

<l\'t'OS<; <l mau'!x illtef"cc!..iorL This

mamx. The m:.ltr.i1t

74.LS145 lJ(])-..to·~dc(~,irna] dc(:t)d,ers. l'(~n
fr(Hn on(~ dC("nder and
de f.he dnv~' lin<:~
iYIUVE 1'7 -fn fOf
tilt; rn;urix.

ompm~ trorn th: olher de('o&;r

The ;;chefaxis ,)t the m,llri~ (:onsi~t i;f
rC5i;;tor~. These lines
DATA '7
go to

lines at t'" v
0 of the 80'51 micro-

prfH.Xi\Sor.

The 805.1 scam the 18 drive lines and r~ads rhe B
After

that the.

closure occurred by

infonrwtion .into a scan

I firm ware translates aht:'
mits h to thf~ s-ystem u:~nt?a[ proce:;s()r
c{ml;l(oi Ie.!'.

the

r -...' ..

"on

j:l fCU
::-j;;;;i.} (::.

Dt:C;;'_,i/,~_~
()U?j:.lU--"~:;

8- iJ'\j~~~
~~f

).i\r~.i:~-/

l \i ;;,

K(,~rt;{].$Jrct o,;-1,d

t::Oiltrois
sc·t:,; Up ti,'i,e

ro t~b.~~ ()f~t:al
f~rfl1\'·~~r{'

i.u th,,:.::' H(;"l g(:n~'ra.tc:<\ a, tCHH: by
;1 J;-;:luare \v~'l"VC t() lh{~
the dri,/~~ Lr~:)tnSlSV)r, 'l'he ttlrH:~ rhiH t'J1.e t~}nc is on t:h,:::u:t,rrHn~t~~

fr()ffl I~<~rt

2 {)f tbf~~ 805 t to Ol)t;> G,r r~Jur
corne~ frorn tht~ (:F~ll rHc~Julc
1;) t1;.<r1 rU,te,rt,,~~~ to ~:lj,nl.tn,:tte :;iny noh::i:

8·/0

ona!
th(:'

htGr-t SiGN/l,L t"R(;\/i HOF) I :JF~(}\/!DEr-;
prJ, YH -:-HRC!!';(lH l..}\ST S-;-,'}.'SE 0;:;

c.'pr-J·J ccr~LECTOP 'NVEJf! [H i'l)

p;~.~

()!\ LiD

8.4.'~

Keyboa.rd Cotnnnmi('atiol1S Circuit

The
scan c.odes and other
('<)ties go from the SOS I .
j 4 tSf)"; Hne dri.vers and the
cab.!.i? to lhe.intcrfacc' contl'oi
kr on the Clf e board (Figure 8~ 7). 'I lIe litH'." arc blciirecHon;ll,
that
ehht'f t\1(' system or Ihe
can driV{' Ihe lines
The
I firnl\v;.trt' com.alne; fc:amn's that the ~ystem central prncessor can
t:llable, !'iuch as keyhoar·J trans.!ulsswn chara(:terbth:'s and .:omrl)!
for.'
the LED indicators and the
These cumtnands {'orne frolll the CPt.
th<:
interfact': controller on the DATA and
line;}.:\. i-tLS05 Iinen:cei.'i7n il1vert$ the
and
if at. the: pOft .1to the 80S I..

]]

D/~"T..}. ~<

80~,'l

PCf(:" ~:;

Section 8.6 )

'"- ,"- -, -- "r ".- T -, T - - T - T
,
,
I
L __ j _____ i. __ 1, ~_ l __ ~_.l ~~,_ J... "'_ ..t ~""_7 _~
4

~~T tj=;T

8-12

i-----r
1

_,.,i ~J ~~.J

\X/rl(~fle'~/cr Y'(}U
ft

turn the f~1;'5t('rn CHT, the ~l07~1 in, th,c

to ~[;;~ft
rc~, t.ncS" 80~;:1

l~hf~. g(~'!)el\>ltOY 11{.d.ds this

v..~st, "111(" test

veriNe:·:, the· ife

~f an '~fror O(,';:;urs

pu\ver·,up testing,
mu~s he reset

The

th(~ ~.(·Sl ·~"\,:~·iljn 2(l(} rDS ~;iJt{-'r i.}n\v{:r~ui).

the powt'r·up !.e~L ttw

fr~)fIt rh·e

, lu tilt'
tiOH '0 the ic"""!"""'''''"{

[RRCiR: the cue indication i8' AA!.lT

8.6

bit.

and i:he

Ii,
iii I J{L~Vf;"l" d (Inti i{cy()o,'ir.,i <: ontroUer

frt()P ;-ir~,y ;:uldi:i,:~)r!~tJ t:~ar:sJnissi;fHl frqrn :'.1.(rH<{::(:{;S:::;t,.~:::~ tt'i,C CU1,Tt-=-nt t13ta

("f;u:~roiJef detCcLS an e:rL',)f i,n t:ranStr.i}~fihn1 fr:JHJ th(;

j'cit{<rtacc: c(nJtti;tlt:t 'n,~,;rnb rhe inh.H.1it
f(r,>quc:;J IT) St"'l'vJ a:;ti R,cf;icnd CfHlH1Js'.llds tti th,(":
jnn:'rh:~ct~ -:;:Gntr(.~n(~t j,C(':t::1V\::S (Llt~j fO~t (h(- (':PlL ix hc~ld~;

,t;:'ltt)

fhe
bct~,k-¥~t~{::n. th~~ C,tock ~lIl(i {I~lt~i

board g{~fH:.~'a~"es th~~: C~(]C,k
~-'cH1tr(':j icr rrrus~ rt~(p.J{~St
prnt()\~qi

3. },\fter (10 j.!& {rcdn}t the """",",n<"-,,
Un{~.

"i. The
dnck ll;](":
send~ the S~J~-p i"iL 'vvhJ.ch nc~tjnes ihe

rc (,'{,'<1 V~(,~ tJ1C iJa ta

shift
:ht'

o(:cnr$b,,~C;nbe

(:'(' n.tr(!lli:~c ;rh{rtlc ('icJck

Ke),hoRrd SCHn Codes

the keybo>lrd sends a ~C;1I1 code that identifies the
is hd,j down lor a Unn; that exceed., the atlto-rcpe<!t
dme LhC',GHl coat' is sent repeatedly at tIl<' auto-repeiil rat!;' \X/hen a
is

';\'ht:n a
J(ey.

"(f t~it (~ of the
interface contn)ller C(HJHJ:\~tx,d
is set- tht:;
hoardintcrf;lcE (:ontrQHCf ('t)f\vens dw
scan code v;lh!c W ;lft
one byte
\'a,lue of the

No ,,";'llVerskm is performed if bjt 6 of the
int('rfan: controiler corn·
rnand
is ';'if;:cl'f, Thi~ 1.·, the default value "H pov/er·np. The P0,\'it;!AIP
fitmwa:ethe value so the default is Tran;;iatc

tor rhe IJ<,2 ';0

8-/5

Chapter ~9
VAXmate Workstation
,POUJer Supply (H7270)

9.1

Introduction

The VAXmare po<,,"er

.reedX'es aC input
100 to 120 Vac or 200
, aHd g{'<oemtt:s five regulated output de
;111
150
Otllplll: for the VAXmatc expansion box, and ~.
'''-''''''''''' that there is snff,,:lem energy to ,aHot\' system
efficiency the po\ver supply op,erates ill :1

the power

1'(1 proteu
and (WCn.:Uff{'ut
has .'1.
dn::uit, To proHXt
eiectr.icai haz~irds,
has an externally·rcplaceahk fuse.

Thl: po',ver
is on ;1
primed circuit bo~U'd \vhhin the svstem bnx,
A b(J:ud-mountea jumper plug sets the input voltage rang(~, with the !f)Howing
rmml~)('r \'ariati.ofl.s,

Input Voltage
H72!O ..AA

100 - 120 Va(' nns nomin,ll

H7270-.AB

220 - 2·~O Vac rm.5 nominal

90 ,van,,'

power dot::' nOI indude the 300 \' pov.'cr for the

9,1

"'" ""ir' - 100 to
t)O V fU};; 10 i 2R ,/ tJns

Current
H727(1·AB

220

;,,6l:r..,:1t 2<iO Va.(

-(11e inrnH rnaXilll.Urr~ r('~l~

ompm load of 89
1't,1' the 'I.~-;{~Ylate ":";'U'"ti'~

Power

(H7270)

PhI No.

Outtmt

--------- --

--------~

t H\- DC (leil pin nn
comp,l!JCHL ~;(k)

].2 HV DC

J::; to the disk drives

to the moni_wr

+28 V

5
-1_2_ I V
I(ourn

IHi

Pin No.

(;onm:wts To
ACUKH

~··12

+5 V

-9 V U'turn

9.2

Ph ysical I,aynnJ:
bnard

W'A.RNIA'{;

The ht':.J.t sink for transistor Q 1 carrks hazardous
c(mncclcd ,0 til{: 300 V (+H\i

---'

.",,-

~~ ~

~~g

9-";

; ; :!1 F:·l.~;,·nif..~!e If:>~-.Fl,'J-~st;,::lthJ:i·~ Plfu.J~''!r

block

of (h<c~ f;--' 2:'70 POWt:I'

Th,::: line

120 va..: \))" a, 2*0 \'ac The emi line r;.l\eC-'i
lr.<·:(;'I> fllain, p(r\-\'~r !jn~~: nois(~ our of the ·'~V't)rk,~<.;t;~-Li:(},n, "rh< fHterb ;l:~o rU\;:\.-'c.nt
~J_1.Ji~t.;O frora the rnain f?o\.-v-cr H:nA:~.

~~)f tnt': --r):
(~};

,r~rh.h:h gn~:s ;;'0 i.t~<·

recti fk::r fJla,pUt ts jO(}

seh:ction the

t.f(tJ:t§fornler l'he l,-J!

'\-~dn.di ng ~d~'() gO«,:-~

\v'hich (~f)ntr{jl~ th,t~ (~'Uf'fe:n~ rlf)';V 1

{he

t{';

an ek::ctf(»O-j("

of ~J:)(

telD'.;,;ftJrru,er,

1'"0

(117270)

il,. (:Hrtent·n~ode control

kl-lj: r~ll.C"", to ~,"l?~/.i (ell tllt_~

width m(){lubnof turns Ql off ;\nd on at a JOO
si.de of rhe rra!l~;f(lrmet

The rransfonm:r h:." four
"hat
ttl!,:
volt·
ag\.'s fur tll(' CPL board, tht; disk drives, and th(:' mOnil.Of
are ·;S.1 \\
-\. ; ;: ,; V ··11 V andi-28 V The isolated _.<) V for the nettvork inn.:rfan.' come;;
l~torn the- L~} 1c~~j~J(.~t·')r.

monitor ;;ense" t)w transformer ompm and genel'a,,::." i.he At: OK H
!.n the (;PV processor knov; that sufflcknt pO\\Tf .is present for

norrrttlJ ~)O\\!ef

9-) is ,t sirnpHfied iHw,tn1tion of the pmver
J 1. One side of the ac line

.\npu~ goes tl}

~;in(l ~~,n Gn/'oJJ s\~:'h:ch_. ~rhe £1(.} that C(}UV<i.'.ttf>
ac ~i,-.h·"""

circuit. The: ;h.: lixw
line
rectH'ier

th~
The ,)ther s.idc of the ;Ie mplJt Uneconnccts to the em!
5",>'1t<.:11, and a OO:Hxl·morwred
5ckt:tabkjnmpcr for ;1(,
age r,mge ?iekt:dol1 Lf rhi'
labckd \ 2f) on the '-'tch is
uses a
doubler circuit. If iJl( other pin Ii> '~'-n"lL'-'"
V;:H~ circuit is ;! fun'\v~!ve
n:ctJfier The bridge rectifier
and got':§ 10 the prim,lrywindmg of the '1'1 transformer,

1~
the
current is retChed every
this tHnl~h of current ther'(' fml}' he
for
StittI.' of operntion is reached. 'I11e L1 and 1.2
OpP()sit<::
to iroped!;' the
tr;ll:l&mission (If emi
noi.se, bt}~h fro.m the I.nain pO\..'<.~r Hne to' lh{"
<>,'''''' "."u, and fr()!U'N{!rksrJ.tlOfl! to the ma.in power line.

\"hen
half

of the tran;~fnrln;;:r has four separatr.:
fnr each of tht' de
afe ':-5.1 V H 1:.1 V ·-12 \; and +:28 V. 'I'll(' -9 Vde output is
trOln the L9 forward inductol'. rHtedng of cornmon·fjhH!.e
l1oi:'l{,: on tkit'
i", affected
r h~ L1 (} inductor. Diodes
and t,tmnt
1'h<:.'

;11
1
;; ;1

,'-'

:t ~-,:1. ~
< j -~,-, ? :i §~

t-; ~:-:

,~. -~,

l'he C(lt'ltfO! Pulse \Vide!'! '\lodulator drnlit mws J.n Nf;~t5" timer An RC elf,
cuit ;1.1 i.t6
SCfS th{': output
t'orw'hLltever
you need., In
thIS decuir.. ix j~l Set for J 00 kEf', The
oj' the 1.11Yler goes In tht: dock
on the
2, ;J currcnHllodc c(jntro,j
\vidth modul.uoL
[2
1. j AV.l
b ;m
back loop, The: cunerH that goes

that ,selbe;; ell,rrem ;,l,zKi is U:',(C in the ked,
thi;, devi.ce gnle:rateS a current hJ the
+flLh; cutr(~nx ,IS nscd h) ~~(~t the ~cu rrenx 1:0

tr:wslstor (~I j~ OfL Bias
k~r
R1 0 I)m:c' tr~m,~formcr

l't~"istors R9 and

mode
\vlath modulator. 'The
of
H,1 140(:1; to th£:' gate i.nput on the i'>'wltch,ing tranS,istOL
1s :l metal oxide
,;;;emlconductor fiddeffect tral1slSWf

Q] tuxns on and
sNS the
currt:nt m the primary oJ the transformer" and ",\'itches the
V across th{~
transf{Jrmer at 100 kHz,

,rn ... ""u' comparator tTo,"\,bar cir'cuit for
ITmnitof has t\'Vo circuits;
off tht: pov\'cr supply if an
on.:or~; and an M.: OK circuit
((} let the CPU ptoceS50r koo"v that sufficient m.lin~, po\ver is rfeSt~nt for
normal povvcr ''',1'\j',lv ,',n,i'r"'"

The

9.4.2.1

Crowbar Circuit

The crowbar cin:uit 5en<;t's
conditim !.5. and jl
this condhion. R13, a current !'icnse resiSH,\l: l1hmitol';>: the current
ttl!: T I transformer and () 1, lhc po,vet S\\' iTch Held efh-ct
\'l/hen R 13 d~>tect~ an oycrcurrent condition, a ;;Hicnn controiled f(c':l:tifiel'
(SCR) D 1<)
shutting do\vtl r.he power
the
$\viidl
on tlw'r5 Vdc Hue and ihe J 2 \' sense
(12
thc' ..;. J 2. V line from tnt: ~econ(b.rie", of the l.ransrornu:r,
monitor the
kvds These
go to ,\1,: (H};,:ratlonal
, E,'j
. whkh is uf;cd as a {:omp;uawr. It sends HI;;: t'rn::!:
HI lA\' l. A to ked thi.s error back to the
side or
\vioth modulator for

1 . ,_~; sec(lnf:l~ 8Jt(~r (It:'fectton of the nu,ins r)(Y~1/er
Hl1n.i(t1.Ufll of ~) _:5 rn~:; Jx~f'::)rt': (~{~ our pHt

~,t, fH2.ins .t~t~ lute o.t

PO\~d':f u.p~ or a~~ ~ fL ~ HJS
:iX'e ;"bow tli go nut of
,,'Gte that utH.kr ;ilt; cO!O.diti.on OJ it hXld fault
g~l;J:rantee Lhat A(~ ()K

our of

'rl~ds

g(; (~ut

e> h(;

:;ecIWn 9 -5 I}

po'se r is o:movcd for one half

f'igure 9·4

AC OK II Timing Dlagr<llll

D~finltiQn

A(. power

DC
T2

DC ,mtpur voltagt"s in regulation
At OK H aS1'ertcd

AC OKO

upon detectIon of no ;H: power
until thl~ time

9·11

lnte;r\'al
To~'rl

1'1-1'/

If)O rns rnaxirnurtl

T5-,T6

0.5 m." 'JlIinHHlI.m.

Electrical

9.5.1

lnput

For the LW,) ,ari;ui{ms
selectal'lle

SCtS ~ ile.

270·AA ~Uld 117270ABl g board-tJ\ounted
'\'""oh:age rarJ.Ft~; _ Each va ri~stion fS

m~ifked,

Currem ~ 4.\ .'\ (ems} rl1aximnm <If 88 Va(' mpuL hOnl;Jl;11 h .~9 A at 100
26 A at 1,20 V,lC
H7!.70·AH
Vollage -. 220 to 24·(: V;v,,: [lonlin:li,

(.',1,0 \virc

ground, 180 Vrms to :~5(, Vnm ('509 \, to 724 V.
Cnrn':'lli - 2.2 A {I'm,,) Ju,lximum ,It
220
1 J' A at 2·in \'ac

Hue Frequen.c)'
The !inx

•

2;;;0 V AGC nnrm,d b!o"v fuse for I on to 11 () ":1;;

R~ai 111 put Powet'

Output Specifications

Output

Vol tag'.;

CUl'ren!

Cu.rr!;>nt

(V)

(max)

S 1.

I LO

" :. :"t

(-; 'iO

I ! 50

1 2 70

{} I

,, !

1 2 60

0 1. :>.

0'1 8')

.40

J-

Ripple
ph-pk.)

0 ;: ,

[no mV

10f) )nV

(t. ~t ~:;

5U 01\'
..-:.
50(} Hz, iO{j
JU'/
Ii]

SOO

5 i} mV
500 ,H7.~ ~ 00
m\;'
:> 500
L.f,~

.ttJ'._

(} 18

\/5,00

0.00

04,6

SOlE
The -9 V {)t!~PHt is nominalJy lsolatrd fnnn both

and

of the po\\er supply, /\ srm!!i vaiue of
nmduct.;mce is incImkd tK·twecn th,,' ,1't::tIlms of the~9 V output ~tnd
the po\ver

the _3) V

of the

~·~-"t£'f-n

ambkm \cmperannc is 15 -

n{~curs

for t(:rrqJeratUfe-S :tI::n;)'v(: 52-:: (~

3~~o (:

F·~.

n~-ttional rlt~,~tr{)!echnica~ (~{jm!nis$,ion I[{~: 5?jO J.ud ~J:(~:

firm), -rhe S'i-''llCm lS an n:e Crass ()oe

_~ppet:ldix A

mate
lVi:)rkstatiotl Specifications
VA

"'orkstatioo

285'7 em (l 1.:2'5 in)
4fL64 em (16
C)K 1 em (15 in)

Ibs)

CPt;
80286 processor
1 .:Hbyte RAM

100KHz
(120V or 220

/iC

i 20 V (nomi.nal)

90 to 128 V nIh

220 V

180 to

\' nns

hJghest

Line Clltren.t
120 V

AC power'
cot15Urnption

L
C:,irCiilt

Maxiruum \l;rd bUlb

Expan.sion

fP287 nu!h

coprocessor:
ho:dS.
PC50X·~\:l4

modern

ImegraJ

h~lrd disk ~lr~;,t~~ and t.\;V~)
slots (See Ch~lpter·.)

Monitor
Tbe fn1
t 5 . {nch ';~ie'~lat)le

111m (1i
b;:"r or green

CRT

01-HI

2ITl"

(0.788

qO
front cun,:aHl!'C

6/!0

800

horh':{llllaI
horlzoliml

'iOO
.2')0

venical
vclitical

26A:0 kHz
250)
(In Hz naninterl:lct'"i

2,~

Video

27.984 )'.fHz
power

16\V

I/O-Video I'dodule

Soh font {loadilble 1

Soft fom

256
16

Video

C (,.i\.comp-_nj b 1('
rnodes

80 column >~ 25 "O\';; tex.!
40 coiumn X 2"> r,)\O/ leXt
(40)( 2nO.~-< :1 color bil map
,20 X 2qn >< ·i color bit {Hap

Acldition<l.I fnode:s

640 x 400 >< 2 color btt map
640 X 100 x 4 cn)ot bit: rnap gr:{phi($
800 X 250 x. ·1 color hit map
>< 200 >: 16 color hll map

A.·3

l/~Gt)1H'latG- -W.'{)]:"'f,;:siation

.2
tC

5 em (

:,,{

1t ern

! ern

n ,~

_.:tudio arid \ri5n~d
inaicarofs
,9 rn
tor on
<rnd; 6
shidded COlll1(~O.of on
\\,,'{Jtkstation t~tld,
into
si,de of ~J,l()rk;)ta~
(ion

Home fOW

PhysIcal

Cable

i -5 OJ
six c~)nd:uctctr,

cable

em (0, i ~ iH) dhtrn.eter
f~e:Jrdt~lt:

+5 voils ):5 iii, at J :~O
2: mode}

Uu\

Thin\li/ire

hH£'.rface

tn<:-iu\.1e,s a ~r/t.~Otlnect{)r~ t{":rrnin,au>r. a.r~(t ~) .(") nl

l:Z:

cable
Scn,\l Corm:rmnK:l'
rinDS Port

'lable .A,! H;,ta the po\,vc, consumption of the VAXmatt~

+5.1 V

·H2,1 V

+28.0 V
Amps

.Arups
bnard

unn

4~-.t86

.! j

0,0 15

O.i}OG

100

OO()O

00."9

O.Oi)G

0,200

0_25()

0.250

o 'i <,0

o,oon

Oh30
fl550

1 .000

0,000

(j,O()O

0.0(1)

(j,C}O()

O.OO{)

0.000

U.OOfl

(l.{',(]J)

0.000

0 . 000

0.000

(} OUO

0.750

0 .040

(LOjO

(l.OOO

0_220

0,000

0.000

n.nno

0250

0.000

0,000

0.000

J 0 156
lO2j6

~). 96 3

0,3:'12

e,~so

0200

~·;'f.6~\:~

1 .'(i~

O.:B2

0 550

0.200

8l~j

'i.S,3'!.~
1 tt.~·~6')

0.000

The \'AXr.uateworkstation pm·:v(;r supply and the
hoe\. PO\V!;:f
tOf provide a tutal of 285 \Vatt8 of 1'O'\l\t<:1' l.n the
box card cage
"',,"·:Uts per
slot), The hard disk controller OtT1lpies the top
shn

Rl)5~, (rn,~.!]{
~;t~l.n;,·'ur~

7.50
(,.0

32 . 00

o.,{j

5.26

0,51\)
I .8("~O
RCD,)l

o tOO

1_300

:2 .8tJ-G
] .jOO

0.25
() 2'3

::. 8;){)

Rcn32·F,\, ,FC
cst~itc

2.000
2 2041

0.2

o )-

i) 25

el'l,€li~\: B
E:A.p:al'lSi()ll B o~'\:

Bus Con~lectol·s

B·l is the:
on tt1c:.,e connectors,

Figun: B-1

B·2 shows the

Expansion Ho¥ Backplant:

,.1

i \!

h',</N:',£_YiSl:)'N,

b.;.:x: N~-i.3 (,'(H1tF{:~< ·,'nL{i

!""~~~~-~-""

GROUND

jOt.

,f~l

RES!?:T £1
",'5"1

!Jj2

sns H

I/Ol6 L

'n~
j1l.
... ,;f.

I it)

AL-! snl 11

I.H010 ~

In]

TRQ9 H

IB4

SD5 fi

~ Dlj

P~5
1\,6

JRQ;! B
IRQn E

iuS

11'Q!5 !:i

~ t16

i.vS

IJI~02

-lJV
o~s

I/O C~H*: !...

i}ROVr~n

;510

MEMY L

~ f~11

lBi2
lEU

!~ I SDO il

5A1I< H

~.AS;fgH

Al~l } ;:;1,13 H

GRUilND

iB11

AU!

CLO(,d~(

IJ{((l ;1
II

IHOS fi
IBQ4 A

iR1,9
!I~20
1f!21

Al9i SltI2 H
A20~ ShIt R

~B22

(!22 ~ SA9 II

i823

~ e2/~

Jll2J

DAGKi L
TIC II
l'?l~~ .R

pt~(

p:~21
f

iE29

uSC H
G1l0mm

; h30

i,~3t

!~"q

DA::;K7 L

tB16
l~lH

f U ...

~~;.1 ~~ ~

DA(::R.') L
nR~:J3 H
DACttl L

1'a,9

VRQO H

~:l] ,

;"l~"",

! SA10 H

A.1)~

Sl~Ji

,
H.24~, ~~h if
A251 f;;l B
A26i SA5 f~
St14 !l
!

A2f!

!~28 f <: A ":( U
""'"~it""'~

io
2 D
Al'Jj
;\3t}~ SA '" ,>~'1
A31! SAO n

! "...--,...-".. ,. . ___._~_.,,1

;t~

~'~;:~

UAl :~i H
HAn n
UA2 -' a

~lt\,2e

fi
Vi; 1 9 H
u/~J g ~

G8 ~ UA 1 7 H
~ti J~ R:ir~M,R L
t;->,,;_
C10i

r~MRtfU

Cl1i
C17'

~~_X}8

L
[l

SLiiI)9 H

~"#<·I [.1)

ct'li 3D ;. {} H

**!DH.
DRQJ n *'* f [)15

C14t SDI 1
GJ5\ S:Ol 2 H

j\DI SAIH H

SAl} It
A] I SA16 a
tdlS! S,fi~~:5 H

.oROl &

DAC1((j t

Al::q

I/O RDY H

ACN H

:nl4

RgrpJ~SH

mUlR

DAC§:: l- >'d't/mo
DP-OS H ~-:~il)11
Dll,CK6 :t :}*iD1.2

;t\101

Al1l

lOR L

l~15

in}
SDl B

+llV

~EM16

-,.{

IOrn"- G161 SD1 tl
11)11 clil 5D14 ~J
":;:'

+5\1

J".,""",Y

r~lU

clt}i SEllS B
i
.-J

t~d

Appendix C
l~Xmate CPU Modtlle

Block Diagranl

(>1 .i:; th(; V,\Xmate CPlJ block diagram.

C-1

VAXmate CPU Modllle Block DIagram

110'0' 6

w",n ST.... n

I~IID'"

l---!-oc;Ie
IS!'1

I ~Oy
I

11111

281

'0 Mfll Cll(
.OMHIClK

'IOfllHIClK
CPU IIESH

120M'll

~I=
m ==~

AoOII[SS
.~

r---'>L-:).______~--<

/'1.... ____ _
''''1,-,

.,"

'---,--1

HIGH

IVH
·~Il.'

'r-----l
,L

____ _

... "'"
'''Til

,"TA

~G!J
I"'~KO

OM ... ACK IUS

BATTEIIY
.... CKVI'

0"'-'1. "'CI< 3 0

..,~,

• DGIC

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

I"T 0 ...... IIEO ACoe:

I
I
I
L ___ J

WITH '''~ITY WITH ''''''In
"SI1. '
'~1')('

1110' 3

•

Figure C-l

'liD 158

VAXmate CPU Block Diagram

C-3

(

Ill,dex

BrlS

'~1rbfrrator

2·37'
1-21. 2~~17

structure

A
A( OK {,-,irnl.h
Adiw;\meo!ii ...~O~1trJ~'~t

-:HiojJ
l~.}(~-u:-.

C:llhock

connector

'l-27 4<18

conrrolkr

',i·IH
-4 ~ Tr;

df:&criptkm

lZ,j

vi(ko Compf'nli<lt.ion
\yidth coil
~!., 1. ~

4-27.4·28'

Centra) ProCt:SMJf lnit {e:p::
bI"d( diagram
(3
!~1,2HL2-/

commUUI,nlt,iot!5 {'le!1Wm

(ACf;
cG1n'n\uni(~axi.{)rlS

C:hanKter font

port

baud lwr<:s:,--Hl
bit,lel< diagr;ull
.:\·39
d(':;;crip!;iOn

3·)", 3·39

)-39.
347

3·28

1·')

Cl.ock
2·--j 5" _, 2~':i(~
2 ,J8

calendar Upd:1tf
coonh",rtrirncr

C;PU ll)'Kluk
;:,
di;;kute
)-')

2-2

8-j ~;

2-:)9
Coasial lr:w::iCeivn ,intcrt:au,:
~ ·B, "'-16, :',21
Colo,. palette
!·S
reat~tiru,c

CornrnullicaLions pun

1 8, :'·2
[1,:\ iHt(;rfacc

B
1-13 I2l

4-2 f

3·,+'5,''',1,
3<,<)" ~~37

imeri'acf; tl) CPt:
pm ass!gon,entS

j~.'J

(;mumunlcatj,)!]s
forma!
1·8
aU(jn:ss(:'s

Index-]

1,1

I'! Index
(:onnecror~

3- ,;"'7

conu!lun~cati(H~_':; p(}r~

Crn;(·12
5-~~

dtsh'etrc' drivt;;

esp~1.ns.ion bo::;'f~ !~~us

B~ 1

8#2, A,,;
rn~)use

E
EtA jjC;:c;b,ce

2-62; A~ "f

COfn.f~\:l n,h'::';i]Ji~)~ If.
~.... -S

Pl~~:rt

80 ~2, B ~/ {:C~pfc~ce2;:tor
t~ontrast
(-'>:)11t(f}j :-~

3·,5
5

)-'1/

l··L J·12.

SC~ 2 B(\ Ft{)·:;~>:::~",:"O{
r~(\'jC;~;s~.~)~~

Ern:bYHUIJt:tii.

Et1.1::i"flC-t ~l(T\vnf'k

:• -.i

hlo(-k d_1agtitrn
deS(:r_lr~~ion

2 52
lr4!~:" 2-',0

{)(~{--{:~;si [;1': ;;):)rnf1f.ln~;~~"Hs
"7.
~-.

In. g-l

,....,- -' :.:;;"

C.i
(:ru\yb~~r c.an':l)jt

{,}~le

( 'II

'7·8
'/ -1 l. ," -' .~

3-1.6
r:utoTf

fn{[.-Jei~

(-utc,ff

CJ{niOl1 .:-;l(Jt P't)\VCC

.insLd.Hn1: "pi Juno
" - /;

/\,.')

;)10:(5

D
D£MPR

[·l;
.f::p~.ac ~ nf:~ ~;(;Y./(: r
Lxtf::nded ~(J.f-tcst

1)~5kfrtt:

1.,

--"-3

-; --~

ar1dreS5 c1CC<.Hit" i""

t::'i{~sf~)riTd~r
rJ\,X_:t1~

4 ~] 9

f~~,1 q., li.,l~~ ·4·2fJ

drl've

drive~i ~HUS ~t~guH(-r

".' ~

1-5

bus mast.er

J .:2 !

cnnfn:,,:Ucl

'2 ~5(~, .:~~ '~~~

oper~uion

-2-.3 0
{i--16

Inde.Y-2

;;unlm<wd regIsters
<;<.>mmand seqllence
data

6·19

6·12

KeyboiU'd cnmrol.kr

6·15
6·1. 67

6·16
JlJH1IH:n,

("(,,,

~t;.ltUS:

K(~yboard

(}- 19

rn!.d<- and s(~ctm tormal.

6·14

Ii3f<:hqlfC

·3

/:Ia';\, ~ysfem
~,..1

I/O ad.ln.;:.;,;;!!;:,,::;
2·2,
2·14!

lfd}h

2·12

2-1 '7

".(-;

1·9
8-·1

8·4, 8-6
g. i. 8-'t
!.abcl
1:3- :~
m.Hrix
R·9
pan !lumber 1·2:0
interblc('

"ddn:ss decodr~r
.1·11 ,~-12
block dbgrarn
.i-.'1
hils intc.n.:onnt'ct
,·3
comrmm
3· I, 3·!, 3-9

LED
drive controller

I,
Ll;" 5 prInter
1·1 7
lAXCJ::UI,) 12.?-16" 3·2L3<!2

Line oscill.dwr
'~12, 4-14. 4·1">
Line sweep ci.rcuH
4·1(i 4·J8, 4·19
LN(H FIll" printU
1·]

:;h:~, 3·25

A·.1

enhant:cment to

1.·5, H~
8·1.

opd.on slots
13, ;·2
[ex.
I·" 1-6
7,1.1,7·12

InternJp[
226
2·Hs, 2-20
2·;)0
priority 2,20
processing 2·27

controller
fio\\'chan

B 1 5810

.)<W

'1,.,'}

addr,:ssing

R- 15, 8·14

oprioli connector

optJt.m5

prorcK01
SGll1 (:odes

3- 2

c"Tnmunic;1tiOIlS
control
d.t':2J,:rlptJon
';$" J

port

blue lahels
cahle

Kt'ypad

J/O·Vi(j;co module

feJ.~turli,.':'s

block (l.iap;ram

Chal'act<:f format
g.! 3
comrnuHlcatk'!1s 8· J I, 8·12
8·1.l'kl
1·9

()

fP:it

hlock dj;t~ram
g·8
(kscri ption 8·]
input
Ii·S

.M
!v1aadv,'Ste.t phasl:

1,8

!I.·huh copro(;cssOi

Meawry map

.1,,1

1 12. 2·2, .2',)

:~- '7

Memon' option
j\·kmory
CPU merom)'

1 . !. I)

2·3

c:yck
16,b.it
2~ 1 0
8·bit
2·15
!>y~tnn RCl1\j
2-6
2 Mhyte
2·7

1~26

Index-3

!!
. I

111d4-~ ..\'

(:;p·tt~:;f.i.S

F.th:~·~fnf:t S::;H~(;.~1 "'-""".H'.:l

[T..:f: (' r-:;:};}fO~,""(~'~~.:.:()r

(~xf-,ar~s.=';)::l

[\;]1)tk,-"

G"{JX

L~·1.;",<-'S· ptif'~.ff'.r"

f,.NO,:.i Vlu,;,; pi'iet~tr
'Y10{!f:
.(rut:.; inlt~,:!j.iL:

\')

;i,6
2-t~O

P(')\\:(:.~~ (t.-;td

1 ~- ()

POt SC~X"Ai~ rr::('n~~f>rv
! -! {}
P,~~t.~':H1~1~ 'C(jf~"iP~Jti :'ig :irS~et;:15

b..:;ard desCI~rK~Gn
i~!~(',;:f~v:e

--1, ' i l

il,~j

/1.

V("\)';,/t~f SllpPi\'

~~~_()ck di"~~T::i,n

9'-0

i.l<>,.:-c:d pi.. if;i"i

ri,~,\:(·l'. i};,Ebr::,~fn

~'.',i,;~!:r;.t<:'t'::j-;" ,i'{,~'niat

9- ~~ 5 A,- I
9~ ,!,()

::}l,'intz'~f p~'not
~~;~-; ~.id (JX,Cs.

:-; 2)
r....;-er~No{k

E,~,/~ j'l:.'('"rface

~1,i.{.. !-f~i,(t.-

hlo~""':~::

J.~i~g.i~te.r ;ldt. .i(cS5t\"i

j2, 5~3S
j,,~~~)
,~~ ',~ "7

ixrud rate f.-:~t:n(~fatnr

;\"U,JJ-t; :;:-" c~)pn!~::.;.,;:'is<};"

2--')

lru:lex

It
'1-.14 ·1.26. <i

2-2

conuDl.

arbHfat\Oti l()gic

Rt';,i,time clo'-'k

',,8

alJxH.iaxy po,\;vtr dr.:.uit

··,21

414,1-21 4 23
i-H, Ll8. ",-23

n~"H.r(i\ ',onl

DM'A page

cornp(:"11~at~;:)n

2- .'j I
,2,35

t -27

t~18

"i . 27 -:i-28

cootf;,1st

contmlkr

:'2-.;6

2 . 4"

n~al<ri1ne clo(~k
SP~;('i~lJ ,pl.lfpOSt>

-:1, -~i

CRT

]4.4.-1.8

catoE

,~·l ci

ROMlHO::;I,6

OAC'26, 4,2:

RX5~ diskeae drive

decod"r

1,8

funnat;;",5

'J ~6

rncnJor-y

1,5

Screen ft:sohHit)o

A-~

1'17.!:

,~, 14,4 ·2J

t ,S,

inl't:,rfact,'

H.4, 4,18

",,2 !

tont RAM

2·i.8
rCj:n'>lcr

c},j

5, 11
<j~l;i,

i\.'··~

elwironm<:1lt

mo,.lukA,j
A· ,~

tl1onitor
mUll~

mcmorv adcln~s,,,

A<L ,A~~i

modc~
1,6
olltpm drew!

A.,4

pV'Ner slJPplr
A,. 1
Spitem una
.A-l

4, Hl

'H,'
A-'i

9· 15 }I,,:!,
.:\-4
haud ratt:
5A4
fH<.Jd,'m
),43
tI:lnrH:ml 11 1'('

vi(lt'(}

.18

rm:morv

~LabHi?:er

2',1

RO\l
2·6
Sh'Ji;dm<?l)
9,1 :1

\'I/idlll coil
\Vorl<.~ n, 1l)j)
power supplv

9-1 S

Eihern".,

Transl"tion

~:i~28

,:},1. A:

1·

'13

d,lskt.:'He

hard dJ5k

VAXn,.mf.: ,vork"ution
hk:,c1". {liilgram
I ·2 J., .1·2:)
in PCSA nctwotk
1,1
:".' J

4 l~

4.-!{),1,18, "i,E'
~ ,. S

5--(;
6~ 17

ill'i'

iltl!