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AD-HD97A-T1

December 1987

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Document:	VAXMate Users Guide Volume 2 Change Pages Jan1987
Order Number:	AD-HD97A-T1
Revision:
Pages:	180
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vaxmate/AD-HD97A-T1_VAXMate_Users_Guide_Volume_2_Change_Pages_Jan1987.pdf

OCR Text

AD-HOg? A-T1

(

mate

User's Guide
Volume 2 Change Pages
(

{software

FustPrintlng, January 1987
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1986, 1987. All Rights Reserved.
The infonnation in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be
construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may only be used or
copied in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on eqUipment that is not
supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.
Several Program Infonnation Files and device drivers are supplied for use with non-DIGITAL
products and referenced in this document. These are provided on an "AS IS" basis without any
warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
FCC Notice: This equipment generates, uses, and my emit radio frequency energy. The
equipment has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing
device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area may cause interference in which case, the user, at his own expense, may be
required to take measures to correct the interference.
MS-DOS and Multiplan are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
dBASE is a trademark of Ashton-Tate, Inc.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

mamaama

DEC
DECmate
DECsystem-l0
DECSYSTEM-20
DECUS
DECwriter
DIBOL

MASSBUS
PDP
PIOS
Professional
Rainbow
RSTS
RSX
UNIBUS

VAX
VAXmate
VMS
VT
VT220
VT240
Work Processor

Documentation produced by the Personal Computer Systems Group, littleton, MA. Book
production was done by Educational Services Media Communications Group in Bedford, MA.
Printed in U.SA.

VAXmate V1.1 Customer Letter
To the VAXmate User's Guide reader,
These pages contain corrections to pages in your VAXmate User's Guide,
Volume 2. To update your guide with these pages, use the following table.
The table lists the old pages you should remove and the new replacement
pages you should insert in your guide.
PAGES TO REMOVE

PAGES TO INSERT

Chapter 32
32-13 through 32-20
32-33, 32-34
32-51 through 32-82
32-89 through 32-92
32-107 through 32-110
32-117 through 32-124

32-13 through 32-20
32-33, 32-34
32-51 through 32-82
32-89 through 32-92
32-107 through 32-110
Insert new page 32-116.1
32-117 through 32-124

Chapter 33

(

33-9 through 33-12
33-15 through 33-18

Chapter 34
34-19, 34-20

34-19, 34-20

Chapter 35
35-1 through 35-22

35-1 through 35-22

Chapter 36
36-3, 36-4

36-3, 36-4

1- 1

VAXmate V1.1 Customer Letter

PAGES TO REMOVE

PAGES TO INSERT

(- "
~/

Chapter 37
37-3, 37-4

37-3, 37-4

Chapter 40
40-1 through 40-4
40-11, 40-12
40-15, 40-16
40-19 through 40-22
40-29 through 40-32
40-43, 40-44
40-49 through 40-60
40-67, 40-68
40-73, 40-74
40-81 through 40-88

40-1 through 40-4
Insert new page 40-4.1
40-11, 40-12
40-15, 40-16
Insert new page 40-16.1
40-19 through 40-22
Insert new page 40-22.1
40-29 through 40-32
40-43,40-44
40-49 through 40-60
Insert new page 40-60.1, 40-60.2
40-67, 40-68
40-73, 40-74
Insert new page 40-74.1, 40-74.2
40-81 through 40-88

Appendix G
0-1 through 0-14

0-1 through 0-14

Appendix I
1-1, 1-2

1-1, 1-2

Appendix L
Insert new pages L-1 through L-3

1- 2

\ , _ --,I

BACKUP

IIIII

BACKUP
Purpose
To save files from one disk to another, use the external BACKUP command.
In addition to backing up files to local drives, the BACKUP command allows
you to back up files to a network drive.

Format
BACKUP [filename.ext drv2:[\path2] [lA] [IS] [1M] [lD:dd-mm-yy]]
Where:

(

filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the file you
want to back up. If you do not specify a drive, the BACKUP
command uses the default drive. If you do not specify a path,
the BACKUP command uses the current directory.

drv2:

Is the destination drive to which you want to back up a file.
The destination drive can be any drive on your workstation
(Mdrive, hard disk drive, network drive, or diskette).

path2

Is the path for the destination drive. If you do not specify a
path, and you are backing up to a diskette, the BACKUP command uses the root directory. If you are backing up to a hard
disk or the network, the subdirectory BKSUBDIR is created.

Adds to the current contents of the back-up diskette. The jA
qualifier does not erase existing files on the diskette. This
qualifier has meaning only when you back up files to a
diskette.

Backs up subdirectories.

Backs up only those files that were modified since the last
backup.

jD:dd-mm-yy

Backs up only those files that were modified on or after the
specified date. The date format only works for country code
001 (US).
dd is the day.
mm is the month.
yy is the year.

(
32-13

IIIII BACKUP
Comments
Using the BACKUP command, you can back up all files on all directories by
typing one command.
If the destination disk for the back-up procedure is a hard disk, the BACKUP
command adds more backup files to the existing backup files. Any files on a
diskette are erased unless you specify the fA qualifier.
You can also use the BACKUP command to back up files to a subdirectory.
If you back up files to diskettes, you must have sufficient formatted diskettes
for the number of files being backed up. If you use more than one diskette,
be sure to label them in the order in which you will restore them.
You must run the RESTORE command before you can use the files you
backed up.
Table 32-4 lists valid file specifications for the BACKUP command.
Table 32-4 BACKUP File Specifications
Specification

Meaning

'.DOC

Backs up all .DOC files in the current directory.

Backs up all files in the current directory.
TEST?MEM

Backs up all .MEM files that start with the name TEST, such as,
TEST.MEM, TESTl.MEM, TEST2.MEM, and TEST.MEM.
Backs up all files in the current directory.
Backs up all files in the directory above the current directory.

\*:

Backs up all files in the root directory of the current drive.

A:\'"

Backs up all files in the root directory of drive A.

A:\TEST\WHO\'.'

Backs up all files in the subdirectory WHO of the directory
TEST on drive A.

32-14

BACKUP

IIIII

Example 1
To display the BACKUP help message, type:
A: \>BACKUP ~

Example 2
To back up all files in the current directory to drive A, type:
C:\>BACKUP *.* A:\(Return)
In5ert back-up di5kette
in drive A:
WARNING: File5 in DRIVE A: will be ERASED

Pre55 any key when ready
Backing up file5 to drive A
Di5k Number: 1

(

To see the files you saved using the BACKUP command, use the DIR command at the MS-DOS operating system prompt.

Example 3
To back up all files in all directories on drive C to drive A, type:
C:\>BACKUP C:\*.* A: ISCRetum)
In5ert back-up di5kette 1 in drive A:
WARNING: File5 in DRIVE A: will be ERASED

Pre55 any key when ready
Backing up file5 to drive A
Di5k Number: 1

(
32-15

11111 BACKUP

Example 4
To back up to diskettes all root directory files that were modified since the
last backup, type:
C:\>BACKUP C:\*.* A: IM<Return>
Insert back-up diskette 1 in drive A:
WARNING: Files in DRIVE A: will be ERASED

Press any key when ready
Backing up files to drive A
Disk Number: 1

Example 5
To back up the files in the root directory on drive A to network drive I, type:
A:\>BACKUP A:\*.* I:<Return>
Backing up files to drive I
Disk Number: 1

(

32-16

BREAK

(

IIIII

BREAK
Purpose
To set or clear the Ctrl/C check, use the BREAK command. The BREAK command is an internal command.

Format
BREAK [ON I OFF]

Comments
If you run an application program that uses Ctrl/C, you can turn off the
MS-DOS Ctrl/C function. When you do specify BREAK ON, pressing Ctrl/C
affects the application program and not the MS-DOS operating system.
Specify the BREAK OFF command before you run an application program.
Specify the BREAK ON command after you run an application program and
are using the MS-DOS operating system.
~ ...

Example
To display the current setting of BREAK, type:
A: \)BREAK ( Return )
BREAK i5 off
A:\)

(
32-17

IIIII CHDIR
CHDIR
Purpose
To display a directory or change to another directory, use the CHDIR command. The CHDIR command is an internal command.

Format
CHDIR I CD [path]
Where:
path

Is the path you want to change to.

Comments
You can display the path name to your current directory by typing the
CHDIR command without parameters.

Example 1
To change from the root directory to the subdirectory \BIN, type:
A:\>CHDIR BIN( Return)
A:\BIN>

Example 2
To change to the subdirectory \BIN\USER\JOE\FORMS, type:
A:\>CHDIR \BIN\USER\JOE\FORMS(Return)
A:\BIN\USER\JOE\FORMS>

Example 3
To change to the directory above your current directory, type:
A: \ >CHD I R .. ( Return )
A:\BIN\USER\JOE>
/

32-18

CHKDSK

IIIII

CHKDSK
Purpose
To scan a disk and check it for errors, use the CHKDSK command. The
CHKDSK command is an external command.

Format
CHKDSK [filename.ext][/F][jV]
Where:
filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the file you
want to execute the CHKDSK command on. If you do not
specify a drive, the CHKDSK command uses the default drive.
If you do not specify a path, CHKDSK uses the current directory. If a file name is specified, CHKDSK indicates if the file
is stored contiguously.

Corrects errors found using CHKDSK. File(s) named
FILE????CHK that contain the lost links are then created in
the specified disk's root directory.

Lists all files in all the directories on the disk.

(
Comments

Do not use the CHKDSK command under MS-Windows.
Use CHKDSK periodically on each disk to check for errors in the directory. If
errors are found, CHKDSK displays a message and a status report.
If you type a file name after CHKDSK, a status report is displayed for the disk

and for the individual file.
You can redirect the output from CHKDSK to a file to save the status report.
If you redirect CHKDSK output, do not use the IF qualifier.
NOTE

You cannot use the CHKDSK command with any network,
ASSIGNed, or SUBSTed drives.

(
32-19

11111 CHKDSK

Example 1
To list all the files in all the directories on the default drive, type:
A:\)CHKDSK IV(Relurn)

Information similar to the following information is displayed:
Volume VAXMATE
created Jan 1, 19869:00a
Directory A:\
A:\IO.SYS
A:\MSDOS.SYS
A:\COMMAND.COM
Directory A:\SYS
Directory A:\SYS\DOS
A:\SYS\DOS\ANSI.SYS

Directory A:\SYS\NET
A:\SYS\NET\SHARE.EXE

Example 2
To display a CHKDSK status report, type:
C:\)CHKDSK(Relurn )
21274624
36864
47104
8097792
13092864

bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes

total disk space
in 2 hidden files
in 17 directories
in 595 user files
available on disk

655360 bytes total memory
594480 bytes free

Example 3
To store a CHKDSK status report in a file, type:
A:\)CHKDSK ) STATUS.TXT(Return)

32-20

DATE 11111

(Example 1
To set a new date, type:
A: \ )DATE ( Return)

Current date i5 Wed 1-01-1986
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):

You can type a new date, or press the Return key if you desire no changes.

Example 2
To set the new date to March 1, 1986, type:
A:\)DATE 3-1-86(Relurn)
A:\)

(

(32-33

IIIII DEL
DEL

Purpose
To delete files from a directory, use the DEL command. The DEL command is
an internal command. You can also use the ERASE command to erase files.

Format
DEL filename.ext
Where:
filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the file you
want to delete. If you do not specify a drive, the DEL command uses the default drive. If you do not specify a path, the
DEL command uses the current directory. If you specify a
directory path but no file name, all files in that directory are
deleted.

Comments
If you want to delete all files in the directory or in a subdirectory, the DEL

command prompts you for a 'Y' or 'N' response.

Example
To delete the file MEMO.TXT on drive A, type:
A:\)DEL MEMO.TXT(Return)
A:\)

32-34

FIND

IIIII

Example 1

To display all the lines containing "VAXmate" in BOOKI.TXT and
BOOK2.TXT (in that order), type:
A:\)FIND "VAXmate" BOOK1.TXT BOOK2.TXT(Return)
---------- book1.txt
read into memory when you turn on your VAXmate workstation.
is discussed in the VAXmate System Handbook.
Local directories' on your VAXmate workstation
---------- book2.txt
A VAXmate workstation MS-DOS diskette may have either 40-tracks
Rainbow-compatible diskettes cannot be formatted on the VAXmate
The program remains resident until you turn off the VAXmate
A:\)

(

Example 2

To display the lines and relative line numbers that contain the word "computer" in TESTl.TXT and TEST2.TXT, type:
A:\)FIND IN "computer" TEST1.TXT TEST2.TXT(Return)
---------- test1.txt
[11Turn on your computer.
[31A printer is supplied with your computer.
[SlPlug the cable into the port marked "printer."
---------- test2.txt
[21The computer screen displays the operating system prompt.
[41Connect your printer to the computer using the cable provided.
[SlYou have successfully connected the printer to your computer.
A:\)

(
32-51

11111 FIND

Example 3
To display all the lines that do not contain the word "computer" in
TESTl.TXT and TEST2.TXT, type:
A:\)FIND IV "computer" TEST1.TXT TEST2.TXT(Return)

---------- test1.txt
These
lines

do
not
---------- test2.txt
contain
the

word
A:\)

Example 4
To display the number of lines that contain the word "computer" in
TESTl.TXT and TEST2.TXT, type:
A:\)FIND Ie "computer" TEST1.TXT TEST2.TXT(Relurn)

---------- test1.txt: 3
---------- test2.txt: 3
A:\)

32·52

(--'\

~-)

FONT 11111

(FONT
Purpose

To load a text font file into memory, use the FONT command. The FONT
command, an external command, loads text font files that correspond to a
specific character set. These font files only affect your screen display.

Format
FONT [[filename[ .ext]] [lD] [IS]]
Where:

(

filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the font
file. If you do not specify a drive, the FONT command uses
the default drive. If you do not specify a path, the FONT
command searches the current directory, any appended directories, the root directory, or the current search path. If
you do not specify a file extension, .FNT is used.

Loads the default character set.

Displays the current font file.

Comments
The FONT command affects only the character set displayed in text mode.
For more information on graphics mode, see the GRAFTABL command in this
chapter. For more information on text and graphics modes, see the MODE
command in this chapter.
If the MS-DOS operating system finds the .FNT file in a valid font file format,

the font is loaded. Unless you are in a window, the entire screen and video
memory immediately reflect the font change because this command affects
text fonts. MS-Windows operates in graphics mode, so nothing happens to the
screen if you are in a window.
If the .FNT file does not exist or is not in the proper format, a message is

displayed.
The FONT command does not check that the font, keyboard, and
country-specific information match. If they do not match, the results are
unpredictable.

32-53

11111

FONT

The FONT command determines whether the correct hardware and software
exist to support the loading of font files. If the hardware and software are
not correct, a message is displayed. This message describes the minimal hardware requirement to run the program.

Example 1
To display the FONT help message, type:
A:\>FONT(Return )

Example 2
To load MCS.FNT, type:
A:\>FONT MCS(Return)
FONT utility Program Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
MCS.FtH
Has been successfully loaded
A:\>

Example 3
To load the default character set (STD.FNT), type:
A: \ >FONT ID ( Return )
FONT Utility Program Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation

The default font "STD.FNT"
A:\)

32-54

has been successfully loaded

FONT

(

IIIII

Example 4
To display the current font file, type:
A : \ ) F 0 NT /5 ( Return )

Font file

STD.FNT

A:\)

(

32-55

11111 FOR

FOR

Purpose
To repeatedly execute an MS-DOS command in a batch file or at the MS-DOS
prompt, use the FOR command. The FOR command is an internal command.

Format
For batch processing (in a .BAT file):
FOR %%variablel IN set DO command [variable2]

For interactive processing (at the MS-DOS prompt):
FOR %variable 1 IN set DO command [variable2]
Where:
variable 1

Is any number or letter.

set

Is a series of file names, a file specification containing wildcards, or a count pattern.

command

Is any MS-DOS operating system command.

variable2

Is the same character as variable 1. Specify variable2 if the
command requires a parameter.

Comments
The %%variable 1 is set sequentially to each member of set, and then command is evaluated.
If a member of set is an expression involving • or ?, the variable is set to

each matching pattern from the disk. In this case, only one item can be in
the set, and any item other than the first is ignored.

32-56

FOR

(

IIIII

Example 1
To execute from a batch file the MASM command on all your .ASM files, add
this line to your .BAT file:
FOR %%f IN [*.ASMJ DO MASM ZZf

Example 2
To execute from the MS-DOS prompt the MASM command on all your .ASM
files, type:
FOR %f IN '*.ASM) DO MASM If

Example 3
To execute from a batch file the TYPE command on all your .TXT files, add
this line to your .BAT file:
FOR Z%f IN '*.TXT) DO TYPE Z%f

(

Example 4
To execute from the MS-DOS prompt the TYPE command on all your .TXT
files, type:
A:\)FOR %f IN (·.TXT) DO TYPE If

(32-57

11111 FORMAT

(\
I

FORMAT

Purpose
To format diskettes and hard disks, use the FORMAT command. The FORMAT
command is an external command.

Format
FORMAT [drY:] [fS][jV][fl][/4][/8]
Where:
drY:

Is the drive you want to format.

Writes IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM to the newly
formatted disk.

Prompts you for a volume label at the conclusion of the format
process.

Formats a diskette to be single-sided (this is disregarded on a
single-sided drive).

Formats an 8- or 9-sector, double-sided diskette in a high-capacity
drive.
We recommend that you do not format 8- and 9-sector diskettes on
your VAXmate workstation if you plan to use these diskettes in a lowcapacity drive.

32-58

Formats the diskette with 8 sectors per track. The default is 9 sectors
for low-capacity diskettes and 15 sectors for high-capacity diskettes.

~,- j

FORMAT

(

IIIII

Comments
The VAX mate workstation has a 5 1/4 inch, high-capacity diskette drive. The
recommended diskette type is a 1.2 megabyte high-density, double-sided
diskette.
Each sector is 512 bytes long, and you can format 8,9, or 15 sectors per
track on a diskette, depending on the density (tracks per inch) of the
diskette.
You cannot format Rainbow-compatible diskettes on the workstation. Format
them on a Rainbow computer.
Because the diskette drive cannot tell what type of diskette is being
formatted, you must use the proper FORMAT command qualifiers. Do not
format:
• High-capacity diskettes to be low-capacity format
• Low-capacity diskettes to be high-capacity format
You can enter qualifiers in any order.

(

Qualifiers that you do not enter are set to the default values. The default
values are:
• 15 sectors per track
• Double-sided
NOTE
You cannot use the FORMAT command to format any network,
ASSIGNed, or SUBSTed drives.

32-59

11111 FORMAT

Example 1
To display the FORMAT help message, type:
A:\)FORMAT(Relurn )

Example 2
To format a diskette in drive A, type:
A:\)FORMAT A: (R~urn)
Format Utility Program Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
WARNING! THIS PROGRAM WILL DESTROY ANY DATA CURRENTLY ON YOUR DISK!
Type <CtrI/C) to quit

Insert new diskette for drive A:
and press <Return) when ready

Formatting 80 tracks, 2 side(s), 15 sectors per track.
Formatting and verifying track
Volume label (11 characters, <Return) for none)?
1213952 bytes total disk space
1213952 bytes available on disk

Format another (YIN)?
A:\)

32-60

(/ '-,
" ,/

GOTO 11111

(GOTO
Purpose

To jump to a specified label in a batch file, use the GOTO command. The
GOTO command is an internal command.

Format
GOTO label
Where:
label

Is the label in a batch file to jump to.

Comments
The GOTO command cannot be used at the MS-DOS operating system
prompt.
If you do not specify a label, the batch file stops executing.

(

Example
In the following example, program execution jumps from GOTO TWO to
REM SECOND PROGRAM:
:ONE
REM FIRST PROGRAM
GOTO TWO

:TWO
REM SECOND PROGRAM

(
32-61

11111 GRAFTABL

GRAFTABL
Purpose
To load a graphic font file into memory, use the GRAFTABL command. The
GRAFTABL command, an external command, loads a graphic font file that
corresponds to a graphic character set.

Format
GRAFTABL [filename[.ext]]
Where:
filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the graphic
font file. If you do not specify a drive, the GRAFTABL command uses the default drive. If you do not specify a path, the
GRAFTABL command searches the current directory, anyappended directories, the root directory, or the current search
path. If you do not specify a file name or file extension, the
GRAFTABL command uses the current text font file name
with a .GRF file extension.

/
-

Comments

Exit from MS-Windows before using the GRAFTABL command.
The GRAFTABL command affects only the character set displayed in graphics
mode. For more information on text mode, see the FONT command in this
chapter. For more information on text and graphics modes, see the MODE
command in this chapter.
If the .GRF file does not exist or is not in the proper format, a message is

displayed.
GRAFTABL uses approximately 2K bytes of memory.

,/.

\
'..,

32-62

GRAFTABL

(

IIIII

Example 1
To load the graphic character set that corresponds to the current text font
file (STD.FNT in this example), type:

GraphiC Character Loader Ver5ion 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Replacing the graphic character 5et with STD.GRF
A:\)

Example 2
To load the graphic character set that corresponds to the ISO Latin-l text
font file, type:

(

Graphic Character Loader Ver5ion 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Replacing the graphic character 5et with ISO.GRF
A:\)

Example 3
To load the graphic character set that corresponds to the French text font
file, type:
A:\)

Graphic Character Loader Ver5ion 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Replacing the graphic character 5et with FR7.GRF
A:\)

(
32-62.1

This page intentionally left blank.

I
GRAPHICS 11111

(

GRAPHICS
Purpose
To print graphic video images on a graphics printer, use the GRAPHICS command. For example, to print MS-Windows screens or any application that has
graphic video images, use the external GRAPHICS command.

Format
GRAPHICS [printer type][jR]
Where:

(

printer type

Is STD, LA50, LA75 or LA75STD, LA75DEC, LN03, LN03DEC,
LN03STD.

Prints exact graphics video images. If the screen has black
video images with a white background, the printer produces
black images with a white background. If the screen has
white video images with a black background, the printer produces white images with a black background.

Comments
Exit from MS-Windows before loading the GRAPHICS command.
Once you load GRAPHICS, you can print the current graphic video screen
from MS-Windows by pressing the Shift/Prt Sc keys.
Each time you change printers or set the reverse qualifier, you must load the
GRAPHICS command again.
LN03STD and LN03DEC are reserved for an LN03 Plus printer with the LN03
Plus ISO/PC cartridge.
GRAPHICS uses approximately 2K bytes of memory.
To obtain high-quality prints, the GRAPHICS command causes printers in
high-resolution video mode to print the upper-right corner of the screen on
the upper-left corner of the paper (landscape mode).

32-63

IIIII GRAPHICS
There are two ways to set the printer type:
• If you used the MODE command to set the printer type, type the
GRAPHICS command without the parameter or the qualifier. The
GRAPHICS command reads the printer setting in memory.
• If you have not used the MODE command to set the printer type, type
the GRAPHICS command with the appropriate printer type.
The GRAPHICS program stops if there is:
• No paper in the printer
• An input/output (I/O) error during the print operation

• A timeout
If a timeout occurs while the printer is in graphics mode, the printer

remains in graphics mode. To reset an LN03, LN03DEC, LASO, or
LA7SDEC printer, turn the printer off or complete the graphic printout.

Example 1
To display the GRAPHICS help message, if you have not set the printer type
using the MODE command, type:

Example 2
To set the printer type using the MODE command, then load GRAPHICS, type
the following sequence of commands:
A: \)M[JDE Plm: LA75 (Ilelum)
A: \ )GRAPH! CS Q£e\u'!l.)

GRAPHICS Utility Program Ver5ion 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Printer type LA75
Rever5e print i5 OFF.
Loading GRAPHICS.
A:\)

32-64

GRAPHICS

(

IIIII

Example 3
To change the printer from an LA75 printer to an LN03 Plus printer, type:
A:\)Gk!~PI·I.ir;~~ I.!'IO"!
GRAPHICS Utility Program Version 1.00
eC) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital E~uipment Corporation

Printer type LN03
Reverse print is OFF.
Loading GRAPHICS.
A:\)

Example 4
To change the printer to an LN03 Plus printer and set the reverse qualifier,
type:

(

A:\)GRAPHICS ND3!~
GRAPHICS Utility Program Version 1.00
eC) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital E~uipment Corporation
Printer type LN03
Reverse print is ON.
Loading GRAPHICS.
A:\)

(
32-65

11111 IF

IF
Purpose
To conditionally execute commands in a batch file, use the IF command. The
IF command is an internal command.

Format
IF <condition> <command>
Where:
<condition>

ERRORLEVEL <number>
True if, and only if, the previous program executed by the
command processor (COMMAND. COM) had an exit code of
<number> or higher. An exit code is set by a specific program. It is returned by the operating system after the program finishes. Later program tasks may be performed based
on the value of this number.
<string1> == <string2>
True if, and only if, <string1> and <string2> are identical
after parameter substitution. Strings cannot have embedded
separators.
EXIST <filename>
True if, and only if, <filename> exists.
NOT <condition>
True if, and only if, <condition> is false.

32-66

Is the command executed if the condition is true.

(

IIIII

Comments
The IF command cannot be used at the MS-DOS operating system prompt.
The IF command enables you to conditionally execute commands from a
batch file. When <condition> is true, <command> is executed. Otherwise,
<command> is ignored.

Example
To display the message "Can't find datafile" if DATAl does not exist, type:
IF NOT EXIST DATA1 ECHO Can't find datafile

(

(
32-67

11111 JOIN

JOIN
Purpose
To create a single directory structure from two separate disk drives, use the
JOIN command. The external JOIN command lets the disk contents be
accessed as though that disk contents were in the subdirectory of another
disk. In effect the drive that gets JOINed becomes a subdirectory of the drive
to which it is JOINed. You must specify a name for this subdirectory.

Format
JOIN [drvl: drv2:\path2]
JOIN drvl: jD
Where:
drvl:

Is the drive you want to join to another drive. Drvl: is a physical
drive.

drv2:

Is the drive to which the first drive is joined.

path2

Is the path of the drive to which the first drive is joined. Path2 must
be a subdirectory that is nonexistent or empty.

Deassigns a JOINed drive.

Comments
You can only join drv:l at its root directory.
NOTE

You cannot use the JOIN command with any network, ASSIGNed,
or SUBSTed drives.
After you issue the JOIN command, the first drive name becomes invalid. If
you try to use it, the MS-DOS operating system displays a message.
If you use the JOIN command with the jD qualifier, the JOINed drives are
deassigned, but any created subdirectory is not deleted.

32-68

JOIN

IIIII

Example 1
To join drive A to the path C:\MEMOS, type:

C:\MEMOS)

Example 2
To display a directory listing of drive A that was joined to drive C:\MEMOS,
type:
C:\MEMOS)

(; , \

Example 3
To display joined drives, type:
C: \MEMOS)}:!}l !
A: =) C: \MEMOS
C:\MEMOS)

Example 4
To deassign the effects of a previous JOIN command, type:
C: \MEMOS)

;1'

C:\MEMOS)

(
32-69

11111 KEYB

KEYB
Purpose
To load a keyboard map file into memory, use the KEYB command. The
external KEYB command maps the character set, STD, to a keyboard layout.

Format
KEYB [filename[.ext]] [/D] [/S]
Where:
filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the
keyboard map file. If you do not specify a drive, the KEYB
command uses the default drive. If you do not specify a path,
the KEYB command searches the current directory, anyappended directories, the root directory, or the current search
path. If you do not specify a file extension, .KEY is used.

Loads the default keyboard map file.

Displays the name of the current keyboard map file.

Comments
If the MS-DOS operating system finds the file and it is a valid keyboard map

file, the KEYB program loads the file into memory. The changes are implemented immediately.
The KEYB command does not check that the font, keyboard, and
country-specific information match. If they do not match, the results are
unpredictable.
If the .KEY file does not exist or is not in the proper format, a message is

displayed.
If you do not specify a file name, the KEYB command displays an informational help screen.
Pressing the CtrljAltjF2 keys changes the currently loaded keyboard file to
the standard keyboard file STDUS.
Pressing the CtrljAltjF3 keys changes the current keyboard file to the last
keyboard file loaded into memory. To activate this feature, a nonstandard
keyboard, such as STDFR.KEY, should have been loaded.

32-70

KEYB

IIIII

Example 1

To display the KEYB help message, type:
A: \ ) KEY B ( Return )
Example 2

To load the default keyboard map file (STDUS.KEY), type:
A: \ ) KEY BID ( Return )
Keyboard Map Loader Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation

The default keyboard map ··STDUS.KEY" has been successfully loaded
A:\)

(

Example 3

To load the French multinational keyboard map file (MCSFR.KEY):
1. Ensure that the text font file and the keyboard map file match by using
the FONT command to load MCS.FNT.
2. Type:
A: \ ) KEY B MC5 F R ( Return )
Keyboard Map Loader Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
MCSFR.KEY
Has been successfully loaded
A:\)

32-71

IIIII LABEL
LABEL
Purpose
To create, change, or delete a diskette or hard disk volume label, use the
LABEL command. The LABEL command is an external command.

Format
LABEL [drv:][nameJ
Where:
drv:

Is the drive where you want to create, change, or delete a label. If
you do not specify a drive, the LABEL command uses the default
drive.

name

Is the new volume name (11 characters or less).

Comments
You cannot use wildcards or tabs in labels.
NOTE

You cannot use the LABEL command with remote network
resources.

32-72

\"... j .

LABEL

(

IIIII

Example 1
To name the volume on drive A MEMOS, type:

c: \ )LABEL A: MEMOS ( Return )
c:\)

Example 2
To enter a new label on drive A, type:
C:\)LABEL A: (Return)

Volume in drive A has no label
Volume label (11 character, ENTER for none>?_
Delete current volume label CY/N>?_

(
C:\)

(
32-73

IIIII

LCOUNTRY

LCOUNTRY
Purpose
To install country-specific information into memory, use the LCOUNTRY
command. The LCOUNTRY command is an external command.

Format
LCOUNTRY [filename[.ext)] [ddd]
Where:
filename.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the table of
country-specific information applicable to the current font
file. If you do not specify a drive, the LCOUNTRY command
uses the default drive. If you do not specify the path, the
LCOUNTRY command searches the current directory, any appended directories, the root directory, or the current search
path. If you do not specify a file extension, .COU is used.

ddd

Is a three-digit country code. If you specify a file name and a
three-digit country code, the country-specific information for
that character set is selected. However, if you specify only a
three-digit country code, the current country information
changes to the country just specified.
If you have no COUNTRY command in your CONFIG.SYS
file, the default country is the United States.

Comments
The LCOUNTRY command installs the following country-specific information
into memory:
• Date format
• Time format
• Currency symbols
• Decimal separators
• Case conversion information

32-74

LCOUNTRY 11111

The LCODNTRY command does not check that the font, keyboard, and
country-specific information match. If they do not match, the results are
un predictable.
If the .COD file does not exist or is not in the proper format, a message is
displayed.

Example 1
To load the default country-specific information (STD.COD), type:
A: \ )LCOUNTRY CReturn )
Load Country Dependent Information Utility Version 1.0
(C) 1985 by Digital Equipment Corporation
LCOUNTRY loaded STD.COU
Country Code = 001
A:\)

(

Example 2
To load the French country-specific information, type:
A:\)LCDUNTRY FR7.CDU(Return)
Load Country Dependent Information Utility Version 1.0
(C) 1985 by Digital Equipment Corporation
LCOUNTRY loaded FR7.COU
Country Code = 033
A:\)

32-74.1

This page intentionally left blank.

LCOUNTRY

IIIII

Example 3
To change the country information to US (using the same character set),
type:
A:\>LCOUNTRY

001 (Return )

Example 4
To load the ISO Latin-l character set country data and specify the country as
France, type:
A:\>LCOUNTRY

ISO 033(Return)

(

32-75

11111 MDRIVE

MDRIVE

Purpose
To reserve a portion of RAM to function as a memory drive, use the MDRIVE
command. MDRIVE is a device driver.

Format
The following command line must be included in your CONFIG.SYS file to
install a memory drive:
DEVICE=[drv:][\path\]MDRIVE.SYS [n] or [[n][lE]] or [IE"]
Where:
drv:

Is the drive containing the MDRIVE.SYS file. If you do not specify a
drive, the DEVICE command uses the drive from which the MS-DOS
operating system is started.

path

Is the path to the directory containing the MDRIVE.SYS file. If you do
not specify a path, the DEVICE command uses the directory from
which the MS-DOS operating system is started.

Is the memory drive disk size in 64K byte pages. The default value is
64K bytes. The range is 1 (64K bytes) to the amount of available
memory on your workstation minus 128K bytes of non-extended
memory.

Use extended memory. The memory drive buffer is in extended memory and the device driver is in lower memory.

IE"

Use all available extended memory as one memory drive.
CAUTION

We recommend you do not change your CONFIG.SYS file if you
are using your workstation in a network environment.

32-76

'-,

\" ./

MDRIVE 11111

(
Comments
A memory drive works like a disk drive, but is much faster.

To save data stored on a memory drive, use the BACKUP command.
Before you turn off the power or restart the MS-DOS operating system, copy
all data that is currently on a memory drive to a non-memory drive. Otherwise, the data is lost.
The name of the memory drive depends on the number of drives you already
have. For example, if you have one diskette drive (A:) and no hard disk, the
first memory drive is C, the second is D, and so on.
Each memory drive increases the resident size of the MS-DOS operating system. The resident size is increased by about lK bytes plus the size of the
memory drive buffer you specify (if the drive is installed in low memory).

Example 1
To install one 64K byte memory drive, add this line to your CONFIG.SYS file:
DEVICE=MDRIVE.SYS

Example 2
To install one 256K byte memory drive in extended memory, add this line to
your CONFIG.SYS file:
DEVICE=MDRIVE.SYS 4 IE

Example 3
To install one memory drive using all your extended memory, add this line
to your CONFlG.SYS file:
DEVICE=MDRIVE.SYS IE*

32-77

IIIII MKDIR
MKDIR

Purpose
To create a subdirectory in the MS-DOS operating system directory structure,
use the MKDIR command. The MKDIR command is an internal command.

Format
MKDlR I MD [drv:\]path
Where:
drY:

Is the drive on which you want to make a subdirectory. If you do not
specify a drive, the MKDIR command uses the current drive.

path

Is the path you want to make to the new subdirectory. If you do not
specify a path, the MKDIR command uses the current directory.

Example 1
To create the subdirectory USER in your root directory, type:
(\.
A:\>MKDIR \USER(Return)
A:\>

Example 2
To create the subdirectory JOE under the subdirectory USER, type:
A:\>MKDIR \USER\JOE(Return)
A:\>

32-78

MODE

(

IIIII

MODE

Purpose
To set printer, video mode, communications, printer redirection, and keyboard mode, use the MODE command. The MODE command is an external
command.
Printer Setup
Printer setup lets you configure any of the supported printers:
• IBM Pro Printer (STD)
• DEC IASO
• DEC IA7S Companion
• DEC LN03 Plus
• DEC LN03 Plus with the ISO/PC cartridge

Format

(

MODE [LPT#[:]] [type,width,lpi,retry,qual,bold]
Where:
#

Is a parallel port number (1, 2, or 3).

type

Is a printer type (STD, IASO, IA7SDEC, IA75STD, LN03, LN03DEC,
or LN03STD).
If you use this parameter, the MODE command sets the printer type
for the specified port. If this parameter is not used, the MODE com-

mand determines the printer type from the current setting.
If the type is not set but needed, the MODE command prompts you

for the printer type.
If you specify a printer type, the MODE command sends the appro-

priate escape sequence to the printer. The IA75DEC, LN03DEC, and
LN03 printers are treated as IASO-type printers. The IA75STD and
LN03STD are treated as STD-type printers.

(
32-79

11111 MODE

width

Is the number of characters on each line (80, 96, or 132).
If the printer type is an STD, IA75, IA75STD, or LN03STD, only 80

or 132 characters on each line are valid.
lpi

Is the number of lines in an inch (6 or 8).

retry

Is a parameter to enable or disable continuous retries.
p enables continuous retry on timeouts.
- disables continuous retry on timeouts.
If you do not use this parameter, the current setting remains unchanged. If the printer has been redirected to a communications
port, retry is enabled on the communications port to which it was
redirected.

qual

Is the print quality available.
d = draft
e = enhanced
h = high

bold

Is the number of passes for each printed line.
b = bold
n = normal

Comments
You can use PRN instead of LPTI and IA75 instead of IA75STD. You can
enter parameters, separated by commas, in any order. You cannot use LN03
instead of LN03STD.

Example 1
To display the MODE help message, type:
A: \>MODE (Return )

32-80

MODE 11111

Example 2
To set up the IA75 printer for use, type:
A:\)MODE

LPT1,~LA75CE~!i!ii)

Mode Setup Utility Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Printer type set successfully.
Printer programmed successfully.
A:\)

Example 3
To set up the LN03 Plus printer for use, type:
A: \)MODE LPT1: LN03 (Return )

(

Mode Setup Utility Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Printer type set successfully.
Printer programmed successfully.
A:\)

Example 4
To set up the IA75 printer for 80 columns, 8 lines per inch, continuous
retry, draft quality, and normal, type:
A:\)MODE LPT1:LA75,80,8,p,d,n(Return)

(

Mode Setup Utility Version 1.00
(C) Copyright 1985, 1986 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Printer type set successfully.
Line width set to 80 columns.
Vertical spacing set to 8 lines per inch.
Print quality set to DRAFT.
Bold print set off.
"Retry forever" set on.
Printer programmed successfully.
A:\)

32-81

IIIII MODE
Video Mode

Video mode enables you to select the video mode.

Format
MODE [vidmodej
MODE [[vidmodej,shift,[tll
Where:
vidmode

Is one of the following:
40

Set to 40 columns, shades of gray unchanged.

Set to 80 columns, shades of gray unchanged.
Selecting 40 or 80 affects characters per line. These
selections are valid only in text modes. There is no
effect with the monochrome adapter except to clear
the screen.

BW40

Set to text mode, 40 columns, 2 shades of gray.

C040

Set to text mode, 40 columns, 4 shades of gray.

BW80

Set to text mode, 80 columns, 2 shades of gray.

C080

Set to text mode, 80 columns, 4 shades of gray.

BW320

Set to 320 X 200 pixels, 2 shades of gray.

C0320

Set to 320 X 200 pixels, 4 shades of gray.

BW640

Set to 640 X 200 pixels, 2 shades of gray.

DEC2

Set to 640 X 400 pixels, 2 shades of gray.

DEC4

Set to 640 X 400 pixels, 4 shades of gray.
DEC2 and DEC4 are valid only on the workstation
hardware.
'

MONO

32-82

Setup for monochrome screen.

)

MODE 11111

(Example 3

To set the keyboard to use DIGITAL extended keys and specify a buffer of 80
characters, type:
A:\>MODE U,80CReturn)
Mode Setup Program Ver5ion 1.0
(C) 1985 by Digital Equipment Corporation
Keyboard mode 5et 5ucce55fully.
Keyboard buffer in5talled 5ucce55fully.
A:\>

(--

32-89

IIIII

Purpose
To view a file one screen at a time, use the MORE command. The MORE
command is an external command.

Format
command [filename.ext] I MORE
Where:
command

Is an MS-DOS operating system command.

filename .ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the file you
want to display.
Is the pipe separator.

Is the MORE filter.

Comments
After displaying one screen of information, the MORE command pauses and
displays the message:
--MORE-To proceed, press the Return key. Continue pressing the Return key until all
the information has been displayed.

Example 1
To display MYFILES.TXT one screen at a time, type:
A:\)TVPE MVFILES.TXT I MORE(Return)

Example 2
To stop the display in the middle of a file, press:
( elrlie )

Example 3
To display a directory listing of drive A, type:
A:\)DIR I MORE (Return)

32-90

I
MomE 11111
MOUSE
Purpose
To make the DIGITAL mouse emulate the Microsoft mouse while using your
workstation, use the MOUSE command. The MOUSE command, an external
command, allows many applications that assume a Microsoft mouse is present
to run with a DIGITAL mouse.

Format
MOUSE

Comments
There are two drivers supplied with the MOUSE command:
• MOUSE.COM, which is run before you run an application outside of
MS-Windows

(

• MOUSE. SYS , which should be placed in your CONFIG.SYS file if you
frequently use a mouse outside of MS-Windows
If you unplug your mouse after running the MOUSE command, and then plug

the mouse back in, it will not work. To activate the mouse again, you must
restart the workstation by pressing the CtrljAltjDel keys.

Example 1
To load MOUSE.COM as you need it, type:
A\)MDUSE (Return )

Example 2
To place MOUSE.SYS in your CONFIG.SYS file, type:
DEVICE=MDUSE.SYS

32-91

11/1/ NET

NET
Purpose
To connect to the network and its resources, use the NET command.
Format
NET option
Table 32-7 lists the NET command options.
Table 32-7

NET Command Options

Command

Function

NET CLEAR

Removes DECnet node names.

NET CONTINUE

Continues your network connection.

NET DEFINE

Assigns a DEC net node name.

NET HELP

Gets help.

NET LIST

Displays a list of remote nodes.

NET PAUSE

Temporarily stops your network connection.

NET PRINT

Prints a file on a remote printer.

NET START LAT

Starts network communications services.

NET START RDR

Connects to a network.

NET TEST

Tests the remote node.

NET TIME

Gets the date and time.

NET USE

Connects to a resource.

For more information about network commands, see Chapter 33.

32-92

REN 11111

(
REN
Purpose
To rename a file, use the REN command. The REN command is an internal
command.

Format
REN filename 1. ext filename2.ext
Where:
filename I.ext

Is the drive, path, file name and file extension of the current
file. If you do not specify a drive, the REN command uses the
default drive. If you do not specify a path, the REN command
uses the current directory.

filename2.ext

Is the new file name and file extension.

Comments

(

You must supply a drive name if the file is not on the default drive.
You cannot rename files across drives.
Wildcards can be used in both file names and file extensions.

Example 1
To change all .LST files to .PRN files, type:
A:\>REN *.LST *.PRN(Return)
A:\>

Example 2
To rename CHAPIO on drive C to PARTIO, type:
A:\>REN C:CHAP10 PART10(Return)
A:\>

The file remains on drive C.

(
32-107

IIIII RESTORE
RESTORE

Purpose
To restore and make usable back-up files from a back-up disk created using
the BACKUP command, use the RESTORE command.
In addition to restoring files to local drives, the RESTORE command allows
you to restore files to a network drive.

Format
RESTORE [drvl: drv2:[\path\][filename.ext] [fS][/P]]
Where:
drvl:

Is the drive containing the BACKUP source files.

drv2:

Is the destination drive.

path

Is the path to the directory where the back-up files must be
restored. It must exist, unless you use the /S qualifier. If you
use the /S qualifier, a subdirectory will be created if it does
not exist.

filename.ext

Is the file name and file extension of the restored file.

Restores subdirectories. If the destination disk does not contain the subdirectories from which the files were backed up,
they are created, and the files are restored.
The /S qualifier can be used without specifying a path if the
target directory is below the current directory.

Prompts you for permission to restore read-only files.

Comments
The RESTORE command only restores files to the directory area where the
files originated. For example, if you backed up files to A:\TEST from
C:\TEST, you can only restore the files from A:\TEST to C:\TEST.

32-108

RESTORE

IIIII

DIGITAL stores back-up files on a hard disk in a subdirectory called
\BKSUBDIR (if you back up files to a hard disk or a network drive). The
industry-standard BACKUP command stores back-up files on a subdirectory
called \BACKUP. When using the RESTORE command with industry-standard
files, you must explicitly specify \BACKUP as the source of the restore. If
you do not, the defaults used by the RESTORE command will not find the
files.

Example 1
To display the RESTORE help message, type:
A:\)RESTORE<Return>

Example 2
To determine the original directory needed to restore the file TEST.TXT,
type:

(

C:\>RESTORE A:\TEST.TXT<Return>
File TEST.TXT
Re5tore Path \TEST\TEST.TXT
C:\>

Example 3
To restore all .ASM files from C:\ASMBK to their original directory on drive
A, type:
A:\)RESTORE C:\ASMBK\*.ASM IS<Return)

Example 4
To restore all the files from network drive I to drive C, type:
I:\>RESTORE I: C: IS<Return)
File5 were backed up on 12-1-1986
Re5toring file5 from drive I:

(

I: \ >

32-109

11111 RMDIR

RMDIR

Purpose
To remove a subdirectory from the MS-DOS operating system directory structure, use the RMDIR command. The RMDIR command is an internal
command.

Format
RMDIR I RD subdirectory
Where:
subdirectory

Is the subdirectory you want to remove.

Comments
You must delete all files in a subdirectory before you use the RMDIR
command.

Example
To remove JOE from the directory structure, type:
A:\>RMDIR \USER\JOE(Return)
A:\>

32-110

(

SHARE 11111

(

SHARE
Purpose
To install file sharing and locking, use the SHARE command. The SHARE
command is an external command.

Format
SHARE [/F:space] [fL:locks]
Where:

(

IF:space

Allocates file space (in bytes) for the area the MS-DOS operating system uses to record file-sharing information. Each
open file needs the length of the full file name plus 11 bytes
(the average path name is 20 bytes). The default value for IF
is 2048 bytes.

IL:locks

Sets the number of opened files that are locked. Only one
user can open a locked file. The default value for IL is 20
locks.

Comments
Use the SHARE command only when using the network.
You can include the SHARE command in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to install
file sharing.
Once you have run the SHARE command in an MS-DOS operating system
session, the MS-DOS operating system checks all read and write requests.
If you want to change the allocated file space or the number of open files

that get locked, you must restart the workstation and run the command with
the new values.

Example 1
To load file sharing and use the default values for the IF and IL qualifiers,
type:
A: \) SHARE ( Return )

32-116.1

This page intentionally left blank.

(

IIIII

Example 2

To allocate 4096 bytes of file space for file-sharing information, type:
A: \ )SHARE/F: 4096 ( Return )

Example 3

To lock 9 opened files, type:
A: \)SHARE/L: 9 (Return)

(

32-117

IIIII SHIFT
SHIFT
Purpose
To access more than 10 replaceable parameters in a batch file, use the SHIFT
command. The SHIFT command is an internal command.

Format
SHIFT

Comments
The SHIFT command cannot be used at the MS-DOS operating system prompt.
Usually, command files are limited to handling 10 parameters (%0 through
%9). To access more than 10 parameters, use the SHIFT command to change
the command line parameters.
There is no backward shift. Once the SHIFT command is executed, the 0
parameter (%0) that existed before the shift cannot be recovered.
The first parameter (%0) before any shifts is the name of the batch file.

Example
Assume that the file TEST.BAT contains the following command lines:

SHIFT
TYPE XO
TYPE X1
SHIFT
TYPE XO

32-118

SHIFT

IIIII

Assume, also, that the parameters are:
%0
%1
%2

TEST
FILE1.TXT
FILE2.TXT

To shift the parameters one position, type:
A:\>TEST FILE1.TXT FILE2.TXT(Return)

The new parameters are:
%0
%1
%2

FILE1. TXT
FILE2.TXT

The first lYPE %0 command displays the contents of FILE1.TXT. The lYPE
%1 command displays the contents of FILE2.TXT. The SHIFT command shifts
each parameter one position. The new parameters are:

(

%0
%1
%2

FILE2.TXT

The second TYPE %0 command displays the contents of FILE2.TXT again.
If more than 10 are on a command line, those that appear after the 10th

(%9) parameter are successively shifted one at a time into %9.

(
32-119

11111 SORT

SORT
Purpose
To read, sort, and display standard input, use the SORT command. The SORT
command is an external command.

Format
SORT [/R] [j+n]
Where:
jR

Reverses the sort order (from Z to A).

j+n

Specifies that the SORT command should start with column n
(where n is some number). If you do not specify this qualifier,
the SORT command begins sorting from column 1.

Comments
The SORT program checks the name of the currently loaded font file and
searches for the corresponding .SRT file. This sort file contains the collating
sequence for each character in the font character set.
If the .SRT file does not exist or is not in the proper format, a message is
displayed.
The SORT program contains the default sort table STD.SRT.
You can use the SORT command to alphabetize a file by columns.
You can also use SORT with redirection for input and output to a file.

32-120

SORT 11111

(~-

Example 1
To read the file UNSORT.TXT, reverse the sort, and write the output to
SORT. TXT, type:
A:\)SORT /R < UNSORT.TXT ) SORT.TXT(Return}
A:\)

Example 2
To sort the file UNSORT.TXT when the ISO.FNT file is loaded, type:
A:\)SORT < UNSORT.TXT (Return)

The SORT command then uses the ISO.SRT file to do the sorting.

Example 3

(

To sort the directory listing by file type (the file type starts in column 10)
and send the output to the screen, type:
A:\)DIR I SORT /+10 (Return )
MORE
ASSIGN
APPEND

COM
COM
COM

282
1509
1724

2-10-86
2-10-86
5-05-85

11:13a
10:21a
12:02a

ANSI
SYS
SYS
MDRIVE
Directory of

1903
2996
A:\

2-06-86
2-06-86

3:25p
2:00p

A:\)

32-121

IIIII SORT
Example 4
To sort the directory listing by file size (the file size starts in column 14)
and send the output to the screen, type:
A:\)DIR I SORT /+14(Return)

00351C41
3-01-86
11:51a
0
00351EOF
0
3-01-86
11:51a
COMFIG
SYS
72
1-11-86
1 : 21 p
AUTOEXEC BAT
211
1-11-86
2:43p
SORT
EXE
2144
2-06-86
2:58p
COMMAMD COM
23450
12-06-85
2:56p
Directory of A:\
6 File(s)
1148416 bytes free
Volume in drive A is MOMAME
A:\)

Example 5

To sort the directory listing by file size and send it to the screen, one screen
at a time, type:
A:\)DIR I SORT /+14

32-122

MORE ( Return )

SUBST

(

IIIII

SUBST
Purpose
To substitute a logical drive letter for a valid path name, use the SUBST
command. The external SUBST command deletes a logical drive or creates a
logical drive by associating a path name with a drive letter.

Format
SUBST [drv1: drv2:\path2]
SUBST dry 1: jD
Where:

(

drv!:

Is the logical drive for the substituted path name. This drive cannot
be ASSIGned or in use when you execute the SUBST command.

drv2:

Is the drive you want to substitute with a logical drive.

path2

Is the path you want to substitute with a logical drive.

Deletes the logical drive for the path name.

Comments
When the MS-DOS operating system sees a drive that was created with the
SUBST command, it replaces the reference with the substituted path name.
NOTE

You cannot use the SUBST command with any network, ASSIGNed,
or JOINed drives.

'
32-123

IIIII SUBST
Example 1
To create a logical drive E for the path name A:\USR\FRED\FORMS, type:
A:\>SU8ST E: A:\USR\FREO\FORMS(Return)
A:\>

Example 2
To display the files in A:\USR\FRED\FORMS, type:
A:\>DIR E: (Return)

Example 3
To display the names of the logical drives, type:
A: \ > SU8ST ( Return)
E: =) A:\USR\FREO\FORMS
A:\>

Example 4
To delete the logical drive E, type:
A: \ > SU8ST E: 10 ( Return)
A:\>

32-124

Using the Network With MS-DOS

IIIII

Using Resources
Now that you are connected successfully to the network and to its resources,
you use the resources on a server as if they were on your own workstation.

Changing to Another Drive
You change from one drive to another by typing the letter (followed by a
colon) of the drive to which you want to change:
A: \)D: ( Return )

After changing to drive D, you use the files in the directory specified by the
alias ACCOUNTS on the DECnet node ORANGE as if they were on a disk in
your workstation.

Printing a Remote File (NET PRINT)
To display the server's print queue, display another print queue, or print a
file on a remote printer, use the NET PRINT command.

(

If you are connected to the VAX/VMS Server for MS-DOS and issue the NET

PRINT \ \nodename command, the server returns information about the
generic queue SYS$PRINT. If the queue is not enabled, see your system
administrator.
The NET PRINT command has the format:
[NET] PRINT \ \nodename
[NET] PRINT [filename] device
Where:
node name

Is the node name of the server to which you are connected.

filename

Is the file you want to print.

device

Is LPTl, LPT2, or LPT3.

33-9

11111 Using the Network With MS-DOS

For example, to show the print queue for the server ORANGE, type:
A:\)NET PRINT \\ORANGE(Return)

To show the print queue for the device LPTl, type:
A:\)NET PRINT LPT1(Return)

To send the file MEMO.TXT to the remote printer assigned to the device
LPTl, type:
A:\)NET PRINT MEMO. TXT LPT1: (Return)

Temporarily Disconnecting From Network Resources
(NET PAUSE)
You can temporarily disconnect from network resources to connect your
devices to your own physical disks, directories, or printers.
NOTE

To suspend disk redirection, you must first exit from MS-Windows.
For example, if you connected your device LPTI to a network printer, you
cannot use that device for your own physical printer. To temporarily
disconnect from the network, use the NET PAUSE command. The NET PAUSE
command has the format:
NET PAUSE [disk redirection I print redirection]
NET PAUSE [drdr I prdr]

33-10

Using the Network With MS-DOS

IIIII

Where:
drdr

Is disk redirection. It temporarily suspends disk redirection, enabling
you to use a previously redirected device to access your own disks.

prdr

Is print redirection. It temporarily suspends print redirection, enabling you to use a device to access your own printer.

For example, to temporarily suspend print redirection, type:
A: \ >NET PAUSE PRDR ( Return )

You can now use any of your local printers.

Restarting After a NET PAUSE Command (NET CONTINUE)
To continue redirection to a network resource, use the NET CONTINUE
command.
NOTE

To use the NET CONTINUE command for disk redirection, you
must set your current directory to your local (A: or C:) \DECNET
directory.
The NET CONTINUE command has the format:
NET CONTINUE [drdr I prdr]
Where:
drdr

Is disk redirection. It enables you to resume your connection
to the network resource.

prdr

Is print redirection. It enables you to resume your connection to the network printer.

For example, to continue printer redirection, type:
A:\>NET CONTINUE

prdr~

You can now use the network printer as you did before you issued the NET
PAUSE command.

33-11

IIIII Using the Network With MS-DOS
Disconnecting From a Resource
You can only connect to one remote resource per device. If you want to
connect to another remote resource with a previously connected device, you
must first disconnect the device from its current remote resource.

Disconnecting From a Remote Directory
To disconnect from a remote directory, use the NET USE command with the
/D qualifier.
NOTE

Make sure you insert a space before the /D parameter.
For example, to disconnect drive D from the network, type:
A:\)IiET USE 0: 10(Retum)

You can now use drive D for a different directory resource.

Disconnecting From a Remote Printer
To disconnect from a remote printer, use the NET USE command with the /D
qualifier.
For example, to disconnect LPTI from the network, type:
A: \ )IiET USE LPT1 10 ( Return)

You can now use device LPTI for a different printer resource.

33-12

Using the Network With MS· DOS

(

IIIII

All nodes defined with a key disk or the NET DEFINE command are automatically listed as MS-NET ("M").

NET START LAT
The NET START IAT command enables you to use network communications
in the terminal emulator. You use this command when you do not want to
start the entire network.
The NET START IAT command has the format:
[NET] START IAT
IAT is started when NET START RDR is executed.

NET TEST
The NET TEST command invokes the loop test for the remote node. It verifies
that your node can communicate with a specified remote node.

(

When the test is complete, a success message is displayed. If the test is
unsuccessful, an error message is displayed.
The NET TEST command has the format:
[NET] TEST name
Where:
name

Is the name of a remote node. A node name is a 1 to 6 character
(alphanumeric) string that identifies a specific node. A node address is a numeric character string consisting of an area number and
a specific node number. The node address also serves to uniquely
identify the node in the network.

For example, to specify the node GRAHAM as the remote node to be used in
the remote node test, type:
A:\)NET TEST GRAHAM(Return)

33-15

11111 Using the Network With MS-DOS

NET TIME
The NET TIME command gets the date and time from a node you specify, or
from the first available node. Then, the MS-DOS operating system DATE and
TIME can be set.
The NET TIME command has the format:
NET TIME [node name]
NETTIME [nodename]
Where:
nodename

Is a DEC net node name.

For example, to get the date and time from the DECnet node named
YELLOW, type:
A:\)NET TIME YELLOW(Return)
The current date i5 03/02/86
The current time i5 09:21:05.97
A: \)

To get the date and time from any DECnet node, type:
A:\)NET TIME(Return)
Time/Date 5erviced by node YELLOW
The current date i5 03/02/86
The current time i5 09:21:05.97
A:\)

33-16

Using the Network With MS-DOS

(

IIIII

PERMIT
PERMIT is an external command that lets you use your workstation as a
single-session, single-connection file server. The PERMIT command waits for
the other workstation to create the connection. After the connection is made,
no other workstations can connect to the server. The session is terminated
when the connected workstation executes a NET USE command with the jD
qualifier, or when you press CtrljC twice on the server workstation.
You cannot use a password with the alias. You can, however, restrict access
to a particular workstation.
The network must be started before you use the PERMIT command.
Both workstation nodes must be defined in each other's network definition
file. To add a node, see your system administrator.
The permit command format is:
PERMIT alias=drv:path [jpermissions] nodename I •
Where:

(

alias

Is a name representing the complete path name of the shared
directory.

drv:

Is the drive for the existing directory offered to the network.

path

Is the path name for the existing directory offered to the network.

jpermissions

Controls the user's ability to modify or create files in the
directory.
jR lets the user read and copy files in the directory.
jRW lets the user read, copy, and change (write to) files
in the directory.
jRWC lets the user read, copy, change, and create files in the
directory. This is the default.

node name

Is the DECnet node name of the workstation on the network
with which you exclusively want to share your disk or
directory.
Specifies that any single workstation can share your disk or
directory.

33-17

11111

Using the Network With MS-DOS

For example, to offer read access in the directory named A:\TOOLS to the
DECnet node named BUBBLE, type:
A:\)PERMIT TOOL=A:\TOOLS IR BUBBLE (Return )
To offer file creation access in the directory named A:\TOOLS to any DECnet
node, type:
A:\)PERMIT TOOL=A:\TOOLS Ie * (Return )

33-18

COpy 11111

Example 3
To copy all files with the file extension SUM from a local node to the node
LONDON and name them the same file names, type:
NFT>COPY *.SUM LONDON::*.SUM

Example 4
To copy the local file PAGE1.TXT to the remote node LONDON, name it the
same file name, then print the file on the remote printer and delete it from
the remote node, type:
NFT>COPY/PRINT/DELETE PAGE1.TXT LONDON:: (Return)

Example 5
To copy the local file PAGE1.TXT to the remote node LONDON, name it
TRIP.TXT, then print it on the remote printer and delete it from the remote
node, type:
NFT>COPY/PRINT/DELETE PAGE1.TXT LONDON::TRIP.TXT;1(Return)

Example 6
To copy a local MS-DOS file called EMPLOYLST to a remote VMS node
named BATH and store the file on the remote node as NAMES.EMP; 1, type:
NFT>COPY A:EMPLOY.LST <LF>
BATH" I RON BOATS":: SCRB: [I RON] NAMES. EMP; 1 (Return)

34-19

IIIII DELETE
DELETE

Purpose
To delete one or more local or remote files, use the DELETE command.

Format
DELETE[jNOLOG] file
Where:
file

Is any valid local or remote file specification.

INOLOG

Disables printing a notification line when the DELETE command is executed.

Comments
You can only delete multiple files using wildcards. You cannot delete a list
of files.
When you delete multiple files using only wildcards to specify the file
names, NFT displays the prompt, "Are you sure (YIN)?" Type Y to delete the
files.

Example 1
To delete the file TAX.LST;3 from the directory MONEY on the remote VMS
node LONDON, type:
NFT>DELETE LONDON::[MONEY1TAX.LST;3(Return)

Example 2
To delete all versions of all files, located in the directory TRAVEL on the
node ROME, that have the file extension DOC, type:
NFT>DELETE ROME::[TRAVEL1*.DOC;*(Return)

Example 3
To delete all the files in the directory TRAVEL on the node ROME, type:
NFT>DELETE ROME::[TRAVEL1*.*;*(Return)
Are you 5ure (YIN)'? Y(Return)

34-20

Chapter 35
Connecting to a
Remote Host With
SETHOST

This chapter describes:
• Using the SETHOST utility with network virtual terminal services
• Using the SETHOST command
• Using the SETHOST menu
• Using Your Workstation as a VTI02 Terminal

(

• Editing text during a remote session
• Exiting from SETHOST
NOTE

You have to execute NET START LAT or NET START RDR before
you can use SETHOST.

Using SETHOST
The SETHOST utility connects your system to a host node, enabling the system to emulate a terminal connected to the host node.
When your workstation emulates a host terminal, you can perform standard
terminal functions, access resources, and access the DEC Multinational Character Set as if the workstation is a terminal directly connected to the host
node.
Each time you log onto a host node, SETHOST creates a connection called a
session. With SETHOST, you can create and maintain multiple sessions. The
maximum number of sessions depends on:
• The maximum number of network links you have established with the
DEFINE EXECUTOR MAXIMUM LINKS command.

35-1

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
For more information about this command, see the VAXmate System
Administrator's Guide.
• The number of links that are currently active for the virtual disk or the
virtual printer.
You can create a session by either of the following protocols:
• LAT
LAT is a local area transport protocol that communicates over the
Ethernet only. LAT supports TDMS (Terminal Data Management System)
applications. It can only be used for single sessions.
• CTERM
CTERM is a wide area virtual terminal protocol that communicates over
both the Ethernet and asynchronous DDCMP (Digital Data Communications Message Protocol); it lets you access the entire DECnet network.
CTERM does not support TDMS applications. It can be used for multiple
sessions.
When you create a session, SETHOST determines whether LAT is available. If
it is available, SETHOST attempts to connect your node to a LAT line. This is
the default.
If LAT is not available, SETHOST attempts to connect your node using
CTERM. To select CTERM without trying LAT, use the SETHOST jCTERM

command.
The first time you run SETHOST from an IBM workstation, it prompts you
for the type of keyboard you are using. The SETHOST utility saves this information in a file in the \DECNET directory.
To use SETHOST, the host node must support terminal emulation from
remote nodes and run Phase IV of the DECnet software on one of the following operating systems:
• VAX/VMS, Version 4.0 or later
• RSX-llM-PLUS, Version 3.0 or later
• RSX-llM, Version 4.2 or later
• Micro-RSX, Version 3.0 or later
• TOPS-lO, Version 7.03 or later
• TOPS-20, Version 6.1 or later
• ULTRIX-32, Version 1.1 or later

35-2

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

IIIII

(
Using theSETHOST Command
To create, record, and modify your remote sessions, use the SETHOST command. You can specify parameters and qualifiers in the command line or at
the SETHOST prompt. When you specify parameters and qualifiers in the
command line, you must separate each with a space.

Format
SETHOST {nodellatname} [/qualifier]
Where:
node

Specifies the DECnet node name or DEC net node number for
establishing a remote CTERM session.
Node can also include access control information, such as
the user's password or account. The format for access control
information is [jUSER/PASSWORD/ACCOUNT]. Access control
information is only used by ULTRIX hosts.

(

latname

Specifies the LAT service name for establishing a remote LAT
session.
LAT service names are defined by accumulation over time by
the LAT driver or by the following NCP command:
NCP SET NODE address NAME name LAT
For more information about NCP, see the VAXmate System
Administrator's Guide.
If the LAT service name you specify with SETHOST is not
known by the driver, or if you have not set it with the NCP

SET command, the LAT connection can fail.

(

...

"
/

35-3

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
jqualifier

Is a valid SETHOST qualifier.
jABORT=n

jSAVEDEFAULT

jCTERM

jSERVICE

jEDIT=mode

jSESSION=n

jEXIT

jSETUP

jHELP=topic

jSHOW

/KEYBOARD

jSWlTCH

jLOG=filename

jTAKE=filename

The jEDIT, jSAVEDEFAULT, jSESSION and jSHOW qualifiers
are used with CTERM only.
These qualifiers are described individually in the following
sections.
The following sections describe the SETHOST qualifiers in more detail.
,(

35-4

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

(

IIIII

/ABORT
To abort a session, use the /ABORT qualifier. You can abort a single session
or all sessions. To view the current sessions, use the SETHOST /SHOW
command.

Format
/ ABORT={nlALL}
Where:
n

Is the specific session number you want to abort.

ALL

Aborts all the current sessions.

Comments
You can abort the current session or a session that was saved previously. If
you abort the current session, it is deleted, your link disconnects, and
SETHOST exits.

(

Example
To abort session number 3, leaving all other sessions intact, type:
SETHDST IABORT=3 ~

35-5

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
/CTERM
To use CTERM protocol for the current connection, use the jCTERM qualifier. It overrides the default, which attempts to use JAT protocol first. If the
JAT is unavailable or if the JAT attempt fails, CTERM completes the connection. Only CTERM supports multiple sessions.
Format

jCTERM
Example

To connect to the remote session THRUSH using the CTERM protocol, type:
SETHOST THRUSH /CTERM ( Return)

/EDIT
To control the type of command line editing you can perform during your
remote session, use the jEDIT qualifier. This qualifier only applies to CTERM
hosts or sessions that support command line editing.
Format

jEDlT=mode
Where:
mode

35-6

Is one of the three modes you can use for editing a command line.
OVERSTRIKE

Inserts the new character to replace the character at
the current cursor position.

INSERT

Inserts the new character to the left of the character
at the current cursor position.

NONE

Turns off command line editing.

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

(

IIIII

Comments
You can toggle between INSERT and OVERSTRIKE (within a single command
line) by pressing CtrljA.
The default mode is OVERSTRIKE unless you change it with the jEDIT qualifier, or if it is a saved default (see the jSAVEDEFAULT qualifier for more
information). The default editing mode is reset at the beginning of each line.

Example
To change the editing mode to INSERT, type:

SETHOST IEDIT=INSERT(Return)

/EXIT
To exit from SETHOST, use the jEXIT qualifier. You enter this qualifier after
you type the SETHOST command.

Format

(

jEXIT

Example
To start SETHOST, request help for NODESPEC, then exit from SETHOST,
type:

SETHOST ( Return )
SETHOST> IHELP=NODESPEC(Return)

SETHOST>

lEX IT (Return )

35-7

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
/HELP
To display the main help text screen for SETHOST, use the jHELP qualifier.
You can also get help on specific topics.

Format
jHELP=topic
Where:
topic

Is one of the specific SETHOST options for which you can view help
text. The SETHOST help topics are:
nodespec

jSESSION

jTAKE

JLOG

jHELP

jSAVEDEFAULT

jSHOW

jEDlT

jABORT

jEXIT

jCTERM

/KEYBOARD

jSWITCH

jSERVICE

jSETUP

context-switching

syntax

changing-default-line-editing-mode

Example
To display help text for the syntax of the SETHOST qualifiers, type:
SETHOST IHELP=syntax

35-8

(Return)

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

(

IIIII

/KEYBOARD
To change the default keyboard, use the jKEYBOARD qualifier.

Format
jKEYBOARD

Comments
The first time you run SETHOST from an IBM workstation, it prompts you for
the type of keyboard you are using. To change your keyboard type at a later
date, use the jKEYBOARD qualifier to display the SETHOST keyboard menu.
You can select your keyboard type from the menu.
The \DECNET directory contains keyboard files that show the position of the
DIGITAL keys on each keyboard. These files have the files extension .HLP.

Example
To start a SETHOST session and request a change of keyboard type, type:

(

SETHOST IKEYBOARD (Return )

/LOG
To record the terminal session in a log file, use the JLOG qualifier.

Format
jLOG[=filename1
Where:
filename

Is the name of the file for recording your session. You can specify a maximum of 8 characters for the name and 3 characters for
the file extension. The default file name is SESSION.LOG.

Example
To specify SESSION4.LOG as the file for recording the session, type:
SETHOST ILOG=SESSION4.LOG(Return)

(
35-9

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
/SAVEDEFAULT
To save the /EDIT or /CTERM qualifier settings as the default for all future
sessions, use the /SAVEDEFAULT qualifier. If you specify this qualifier and do
not specify any editing qualifiers to be saved, the command has no effect.
When you specify /SAVEDEFAULT, SETHOST places your specified qualifier
settings in a file called SETHOST.DEF in the DECnet directory. SETHOST
reads this file whenever you start SETHOST.

Format
/SAVEDEFAULT [/EDIT] [/CTERMj

Example
To save the edit mode INSERT as the default in the SETHOST.DEF file, type:
SETHOST IEDIT=INSERT ISAVEDEFAULT(Return)

/SERVICE
To display the workstation's IAT driver service-name table, use the /SERVICE
qualifier.

Format
/SERVICE

Comments
The IAT driver service name table lists the services that are available to the
lAT. To connect to any of the services, use the IAT protocol and the
SETHOST command with the latname parameter.

Example
To display the IAT driver service name table, type:
SETHOST/SERVICE (Return)

35-10

(
\"

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

IIIII

/SESSION
To specify the session number so you can reconnect to a host computer, use
the jSESSION qualifier.

Format
jSESSION=n
Where:
n

Is the session number you use to reconnect to the host computer.

Comments
Use the jSESSION qualifier only when you used the jCTERM qualifier to
connect to the host computer.
You can use the jSHOW qualifier to find which multiple sessions are available. You can use the jSESSIONS qualifier to reconnect to a particular session.

Example

(

To reconnect to session number 2, type.
SETHOST/SESSION=2(Return )

35-11

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
/SETUP
To start the Set-Up utility, use the /SETUP qualifier.
Format

/SETUP
Comments

Use the arrow keys to move among options in the Set-Up utility menu. Press
the Return key or the Enter key to select the option you want.
To select character sets, use the General menu.
To save the new default values, select the Save Parameters command from the
Action menu.
Example

To start the Set-Up utility for a SETHOST session, type:
SETHOST ISETUP ( Return )

35-12

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

(

IIIII

/SHOW
To list the current sessions and the hosts that connect them to your node, use
the jSHOW qualifier. This qualifier only works if you are connected to the
host with CTERM.

Format
jSHOW

Example
To display the current sessions on the hosts CLOUD and SUN, type:
SETHOST ISHOW (Return )

Session

Host
CLOUD

SUN

/SWITCH
To set the character you use to access the SETHOST menu, use the jSWITCH
qualifier. The default is Ctrlj4. Use the jSWITCH qualifier if you want to
change the default.

Format
jSWITCH=n
Where:
n

Is the ASCII decimal character (1-26) to which you want to
change the first character. ASCII character 1 is equivalent to A;
character 2 is equivalent to B, and so on.

Example
The following command changes the default for accessing the SETHOST
menu, Ctrlj4, to Ctrl B:
SETHOST ISWITCH=2 ( Return )

(
35-13

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
ITAKE
To send text from a local file to the remote node as if you typed it at the
remote node's keyboard, use the jTAKE qualifier.
You must leave a space after the name of the remote node.
NOTE

Some remote systems or services may not be able to process more
than one line of text correctly.
Format

jTAKE[=filename]
Where:
filename

Is the name of the file containing the text you want to send to
the remote node. The default file name is SESSION.BAT.

Example

To take text from the file SESSCOM.BAT and send it to node WINTER, type:
SETHOST WINTER ITAKE=SESSCOM.BAT(Return)

35-14

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

IIIII

(
Using the SETHOST Menu
The SETHOST menu is displayed when you interrupt a session by pressing
CtrlJ4. The SETHOST menu lists various options for recording or changing your
remote session.
The following example illustrates a sample SETHOST menu.
Ctrl/4 <Return>
<Return> to exit SETHOST
<H>elp
<L>og 5e55ion
off
<R>econnect to 5e55ion 1
<E>diting mode i5 over5trike
<S>e55ion
<A>bort 5e55ion
<N>elll 5e55ion
Command:
$

(

The angle brackets indicate the key or letter you need to press to request one
of the menu functions. Type only the first letter of the command you want to
specify. You do not need to press the Return key after you enter the letter.
The Editing mode option applies only to CTERM hosts or sessions that support command line editing.
The following sections describe each of the menu options in more detail.

Return Option
When using CTERM, to save the current session and exit from SETHOST, use
the Return key. To return to the current session or re-establish a previous
session, type SETHOST and the appropriate session number. For example, to
reestablish session number 2, type:
C:>SETHOST ISESSION=2

When you are using LAT, the Return key disconnects you from the host and
does not save the session.

35-15

IIIII

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

Logging off the remote host does not save the current session.
To see the saved sessions, type SETHOST and press the Return key. The system displays a listing of available session numbers, as well as the host system
to which they are connected.

(H)elp Option
To display the help text for the SETHOST menu, use the Help option.

(L)og Option
The Log option records your entire session in a file. Pressing the L key toggles the Log option between ON and OFF. If the menu displays "Log session
off' and you press the L key, SETHOST changes logging to ON and prompts
you for the file name for recording the session. The default file name is
SESSION.LOG.
When you redisplay the SETHOST menu, the Log option displays "Log session
on" with the specified file name.
If the menu displays "Log session on
filename" and you press the L key,
SETHOST changes logging to OFF and closes the log file. When you redisplay
the SETHOST menu, the Log option displays "Log session off'.

(R)econnect Option
The Reconnect option exits from the SETHOST menu and returns you to the
current session, indicated in the menu. In the preceding menu example, the
session number is 1.

(E)dit Option
The Edit option changes the default mode for command line editing. This
option only applies to CTERM hosts or sessions that support command line
editing.

35-16

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

IIIII

When you select the Edit option, SETHOST displays a submenu with options.
Table 35-1 describes the Edit submenu options.
Table 35-1

Options for the Edit Submenu

Submenu Option

Description

OVERSTRIKE

Inserts the new character to replace the character at the
current cursor position

INSERT

Inserts the new character to the left of the character at the
current cursor position

NONE

Turns off command line editing

{S)ession Option
The Session option connects you to another session that you have previously
saved. This option only applies to CTERM hosts or systems that support multiple sessions.
When you select this option, SETHOST displays a list of the available sessions. You are prompted for the session number to which you want to
connect.

{A)bort Session Option
The Abort Session option aborts a single session. You can abort the current
session or a session that you previously saved.
When you select this option, SETHOST prompts you for the number of the
session to be aborted. If you abort the current session, indicated by
"<R>econnect to session n", it is deleted, your link is disconnected, and
SETHOST exits.

{N)ew Session Option
The New Session option begins a new session. When you select this option,
you are prompted for a node name or a LAT service name for starting the
next session.

35-17

11111 Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

Using Your Workstation as a VTI02 Terminal
The SETHOST Set-Up utility enables your workstation to emulate a VTI02
terminal. Some of the features that you can set are:
• Cursor style (block or underline)
• Screen background (dark or light)
• Automatic repeating of keyboard keys
We recommend that you do not change the settings for terminal features
unless you are familiar with DEC net concepts. If you are not familiar with
these concepts, contact your system administrator.

Entering Set-Up Mode
Before you can enter Set-Up mode, your workstation must be connected to a
host computer.
To enter Set-Up mode, press the F3 key. Your workstation displays the first
Set-Up screen, which is the Set-Up Directory. This directory has five major
headings, each representing a function.
Each major heading includes Set-Up menus for changing parameters that control how your terminal is set. The major headings and their corresponding
Set-Up menus are:

Set- Up Directory
Action
Display
General
Screen
Exit

Action Set-Up
Main Directory
Clear Display
Factory Parameters
Save Parameters
Recall Parameters

35-18

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST 11111

(
Display Set- Up

Main Directory
No/Auto Wrap
Dark Text, Light Screen/Light Text, Dark Screen
No/Text Cursor
Block Cursor Style/Underline Cursor

General Set- Up
Main Directory
VT52 Mode/VT100 Mode
Return = CR/Return = CR/LF
Numeric Keypad/Application Keypad
Normal Cursor Keys/Application Cursor Keys

NOTE

The numeric keypad causes the auxiliary keypad to transmit ASCII
character codes that correspond to the numeric characters on the
key.
The application keypad causes the auxiliary keypad to transmit
control codes used by an application program.
The normal cursor keys transmit ANSI cursor control sequences
(up, down, left, and right).
The application cursor keys transmit application program control
functions.
Screen Set- Up
Main Directory
Color enabled/black/white
Screen foreground color
Screen background color
Pulldown foreground color
Pulldown background color

When using the Screen Set-Up menu, you can only set the "Color
black/white" parameter for your workstation.

35-19

IIIII Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST
Selecting a Set-Up Menu
The Set-Up menus are listed as parameters in the Set-Up directory. To select a
Set-Up menu, use the arrow keys to move to the specific menu. When you
select a menu, it is displayed in reverse video. To invoke that menu, press
the Enter key.
To select a parameter from the selected Set-Up menu, use the arrow keys.
When you select a parameter, it is displayed in reverse video. To change the
parameter's value or to perform its function, press the Enter key.
For example, to select a block cursor style:
1. Press the F3 key to invoke the Set-Up directory.
2. Select the Display parameter by pressing the right arrow key. The
parameter is displayed in reverse video.
3. Press the Enter key to move to the Display Set-Up menu.
4. Press the appropriate arrow keys to move to the block cursor style
parameter.
5. Press the Enter key to change this value.
The selected value is displayed in reverse video.
6. Press the F3 key to exit from the Set-Up directory.

Saving Set-Up Values
To save the parameter settings that you selected in Set-Up mode, select the
Save Parameters option from the Action Set-Up menu. This option places the
current parameters in the DEC net directory in a file called VT102.DAT.
By storing the parameters in this file, SETHOST can restore saved parameters
when it runs from any directory.

35-20

Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

IIIII

Using Set-Up Values
If you do not save parameters after you change them, your workstation uses

the new values until you:
• Change the Set-Up features again
• Exit from SETHOST or turn your workstation off
• Recall the original features by selecting the Factory Parameters from the
Action Set-Up menu
• Run an application that changes the features

Recalling Set-Up Values
If you save parameters, they are automatically read when you run the
SETHOST utility. To recall the values you previously stored in the
VTI02.DAT file in the DECnet directory, select the Recall Parameters Set-Up
menu.

Exiting From Set-Up Mode
To exit from Set-Up mode, press the F3 key or select the Exit parameter from
the Set-Up menu.

(
35-21

11111 Connecting to a Remote Host With SETHOST

Editing Text During a Remote Session
You can edit text that is typed on the current line during a remote session
with one of the following methods:
• Press either the Word Char key or the backspace key to delete the last
character you typed.
• Press CtrljW to delete the last word you typed.
You can press CtrljW as long as this sequence is not required by the
program you are running.
• Press CtrljD to delete the line you are typing.
You can press CtrljD provided this sequence is not required by the
program you are running.
The remote host may provide other special characters for editing text.

Disconnecting From a Host
To disconnect from the host and break the logical link connection, either:
• Log off using the standard log-off procedure established for that operating system. This procedure also exits from the SETHOST utility.
For example, to log off the VAX host, type:
$

LOGOUT

(Return)

• Press Ctrlj4 ( Return) ( Return) . You exit from SETHOST, but you save the
session and retain a link to the host.
If you then press the A key, the session is deleted, and the link to the

host is disconnected.
If the session is the current session (or if you only have one session

established), you also exit from SETHOST.

35-22

(

MS-DOS Editing and Function Keys

(

IIIII

The result is:
A:\>DIR PRDG.ASM
The command line DIR PROG.ASM is now in the template and ready to be
sent to the command processor for execution. To execute the command,
press:

To cancel the command, press:

Control Character Functions
A control character function affects the command line. Table 36-2 contains
control character functions.

(

Table 36-2
Control
Character

Control Character Functions
Function
Stops the current command.
Removes the last character from the command line, and erases the
character from the screen.
Sends output from the workstation to a local printer only. If you
press (Ctrl/P ) again, no more output is sent to the printer.
Suspends the display of output on the screen. Press any key to continue.

@!ilD

Cancels the current command line.

(Ctrl/W)

Removes the last word from the current line and from the screen.

@!!ZD

Inserts an end-of-file character into the new template.

36-3

IIIII

MS-DOS Editing and Function Keys

The Prt Sc Key
You can use the Shift and the Prt Sc keys together to print an image of the
information displayed on your workstation screen. However, escape
sequences and bolding are not recognized. For example, to print a screen
image of the information displayed on your workstation screen, press:
(Shift/Pit Sc )

Industry Standard Compose Sequences
You can use industry standard compose sequences on your workstation.
Therefore, regardless of the current keyboard map file, you can display the
character at a given location.
To display the character at location 124, press and hold the Alt key and press
the 1, 2, and 4 keys on the numeric keypad. When you release the Alt key,
the character at location 124 is displayed.

36-4

Batch Processing

(

IIIII

• If you remove the diskette containing a batch file that is being

executed, the MS-DOS operating system prompts you to insert it again
before the next command can be read.
• The last command in a batch file can be the name of another batch file.
This enables you to call one batch file from another when the first is
finished.
• You can redirect output in a batch file using the < and> symbols.
To execute the NEWDISK.BAT file, type:
A: \) NEWD IS K ( Return )

Each command is executed as if you entered it from the keyboard.

Batch Files With Replacement Parameters

(

When used in MS-DOS commands, a parameter is an option that you define.
With the MS-DOS operating system, you can create a batch file with replaceable parameters. These parameters, named %0 through %9, can be replaced by
values supplied when the batch file executes.
To create a batch file that deletes your destination file from a previous
append, appends two files together into a third file, and print the destination
file:
1. Type:
A:\)COPY CON NEWFILE.BAT(Return)

This tells the MS-DOS operating system to copy the information from
the keyboard into the NEWFILE.BAT file.
2. Type:
DEL %3. DOC ( Return )
COPY %1.DOC + %2.DOC %3.DOC(Relurn)
PR I NT %3. DOC @ill[)

3. Press:

(
37-3

IIIII Batch Processing

(\
.~

The MS-DOS operating system responds with the following message:
1 File(s) copied
A:\)

The file NEWFILE.BAT, which consists of three commands, now resides on
the disk in the default drive.
The parameters %1 and %2 are replaced sequentially by the parameters you
supply when you execute the file. The parameter %0 is always replaced by
the drive designator, if specified, and the file name of the batch file (for
example, NEWFILE).
You can specify a maximum 10 replacement parameters (%0 through %9).
Each command line, including those generated by replacement characters,
can contain 1 to 128 characters.
NOTE

To use a percent sign in a file name within a batch file, you must
type the percent sign twice.

Executing NEWFILE.BAT
To execute the NEWFILE batch process, type:
A:\)MEWFILE A:MEM01 B:MEM02 B:BIGFILE(R~urn)
A:MEM01 is substituted for %1, B:MEM02 for %2, and B:BIGFILE for %3.
The result is the same as if you typed:
A:\)DEL B:BIGFILE(R~urn)
A:\)COPV A:MEM01 + B:MEM02 B:BIGFILE(Return)
A:\)PRIHT B:BIGFILE(Return)
The replacement parameter %0 is always replaced by whatever you type to
invoke the batch file. If you do not refer to the batch file, start your replace·
ment parameters with %1.

37-4

(

Chapter 40
Messages

This chapter lists and discusses:
• Disk and device messages
• MS-DOS operating system messages
• MS-Windows messages
• NFT messages

(

• SETHOST messages
• Terminal emulator messages
Many of the MS-Windows messages are displayed in dialog boxes with an OK
and a Cancel option. To make the dialog box and the message disappear
before you proceed, select the OK option. Some dialog boxes include a Retry
option. To retry an operation, select the Retry option.
These messages can be displayed while running any MS-Windows application.
The messages are listed alphabetically, followed by an explanation and action
to correct the problem.
Each message has at least one word or one abbreviation after it, capitalized
and enclosed in parentheses, to indicate the utility or program that generated
the message. Most of these words and abbreviations are self-explanatory,
except for the following abbreviations:
(BR)

Messages generated by either the BACKUP command or the RESTORE
command

(MS)

Messages generated by the MS-DOS operating system

(TE)

Messages generated by the terminal emulator

(WIN) Messages generated by MS-Windows

40-1

IIIII Messages
Disk and Device Errors
If a disk or device error occurs at any time during a command or program,

the MS-DOS operating system displays the following message:
(type) (action) drive x
Abort,Retry,Ignore:_

Where:
type

Is one of the following:
Bad call format error

Bad command error

Bad unit error

Data error

FeB unavailable

General failure

Invalid disk change

Lock violation

Non-DOS disk error

No paper error

Not ready error

Read fault error

Sector not found error

Seek error

Sharing violation

Write fault error

Write protect error
action

Is either reading or writing.

drive

Is the drive in which the error occurred.

The MS-DOS operating system waits for you to respond in one of the following ways:
A

Aborts the program requesting the disk read or write.

Retries the operation. Use this response after you correct the error.

Ignores the bad sector as if the error did not occur.

40-2

Messages

IIIII

Messages
Allocation error in file, size adjusted (MS)
Cause: The size of the file indicated in the directory is inconsistent with
the amount of data actually allocated to the file.
Action: To make sure the data in the file is still valid, run the CHKDSK
program and specify the IF qualifier. The CHKDSK command will try to
correct the error. You may need to restore the back-up copy of this file.
Allocation error, size adjusted (MS)
Cause: An invalid cluster number was found in the file allocation table
(FAT). The file was truncated at the end of the last valid cluster.
Action: To make sure the data in the file is still valid, run the CHKDSK
program and specify the IF qualifier. The CHKDSK command will try to
correct the error. You may need to restore the back-up copy of this file.

(

Allocation quantity too large. (NFT)
Cause: The disk on the remote system is too full to process your
request.
Action: Read the documentation for the remote system or contact the
system administrator for the remote system. You may have to specify a
smaller quantity.
APPEND/ASSIGN conflict (APPEND) (ASSIGN)
Cause: The ASSIGN command was used, followed by the APPEND
command.
Action: Both ASSIGN and APPEND are terminated and stay resident programs. The APPEND command must be used before the ASSIGN command if they are used together. Restart the workstation.

40-3

11111

Messages

Application still active (WIN)
Cause: You tried to end the MS-Windows session while a standard application is still running.
Action: Close any standard applications that are running. For most applications, this means using the application's QUIT or EXIT command.

Bad call format reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system found a request header of incorrect length for the specified device.
Action: To stop the command, press the A key. Review the source code
of the program that produced the message.

Bad disk
Press any key (MS)
Cause: When you started your workstation, a hardware problem
occurred which prevented the disk from being read.
Action: Turn off the workstation and restart it again. If this message is
displayed again get another system diskette.

Bad file (Fe)
Cause: One of the specified files is defective.
Action: Restore the back-up copy of the file.

Bad or missing 'filename' (MS)
Cause: The CONFIG.SYS file contains a reference to an invalid device.
Action: Make sure the DEVICE command is correct in the CONFIG.SYS
file.

40-4

'" /

Messages

IIIII

Bad command error reading/writing drive 'drivename' eMS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system found an invalid command in the
command code field of the request header for the specified device.
Action: To stop the command, press the A key. Review the source code
of the program that produced the message.

Bad command or file name eMS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system cannot find the specified command or file name.
Action: Make sure you typed the command correctly. Then, make sure
you typed the file name correctly. Finally, make sure the file exists on
the disk using the DIR command.

40-4.1

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Messages

(

IIIII

Cannot change directory to 'directoryname' (WIN)
Cause: You specified a file name instead of a directory name using the
Change Directory command.
Action: Select or type a directory name, then retry the Change Directory
command.
Cannot Chdir to 'filename'
Tree past this point not processed (MS)
Cause: The CHKDSK command is unable to check the specified directory. All subdirectories and files under this directory cannot be verified.
Your directory structure could be corrupt. You could also have more
subdirectories than are allowed by the MS-DOS operating system.
Action: To save the files that you can, run the CHKDSK program and
specify the IF qualifier. The CHKDSK command will try to correct the
error. You may need to restore lost files from your back-up diskette.

(

Cannot CHKDSK a Network drive (MS)
Cause: You tried to check drives that are redirected over the network.
Action: Make sure the drive is not redirected before you issue the
CHKDSK command.
Cannot Chdir to root Processing cannot continue (MS)
Cause: The CHKDSK command cannot to return to the root directory.
The CHKDSK command cannot continue checking the remaining subdirectories to the root. Your disk structure could be corrupt.
Action: Remember the path that would not allow you to reach the root.
Try restarting the MS-DOS operating system. If this error persists, you
cannot use the disk.
Cannot close file 'filename' (GRAFTABL)
Cause: The file 'filename' cannot be closed. Either the file handle could
not be closed or the file handle is invalid.
Action: Retry the GRAFTABL command.
40-11

11111 Messages

Cannot connect to self (NET)
Cause: You tried to connect to a remote resource but incorrectly specified your network name as the computer name of the server.
Action: Specify a valid computer name for a server.

Cannot copy file to itself (WIN)
Cause: You tried to copy a file to the same file name either on the same
disk or in the same directory. This is not allowed because it overwrites
the file.
Action: Copy the file again, specifying a different destination file name.

Cannot copy more than one file to a single file (WIN)
Cause: You selected more than one file name and specified a single file
as the destination.
Action: Select the file you want to copy and start again. To copy multiple files, specify a directory to copy them into.

Cannot create 'filename' (WIN)
Cause: Either of two things occurred:
• You tried to save your work to a read-only file.
• You tried to create a file on a network drive that is read-only.
Action: Specify another file name or drive name when you save your
work.

Cannot create a temporary file on destination diskette (SELECT)
Cause: The destination diskette's directory is full.
Action: Delete some files from the diskette, or use another diskette.

40-12

Messages

(

IIIII

Cannot do binary reads from a device (MS)
Cause: You tried to execute the COpy command with the IB qualifier
when copying from a device.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Remove the IB qualifier and retry the COPY command.
• Specify an ASCII copy using the IA qualifier. Retry the COPY
command.
Cannot edit .BAK file - rename file (MS)
Cause: You tried to edit a back-up copy made by EDLIN.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Rename the .BAK file and give it another file extension.
• Copy the .BAK file and give it a different file extension.

(

...

Cannot Find 'filename' (TE)
Cause: You selected an action requiring a file, and the MS-DOS ExeclItive cannot find the file in the directory or on the disk.
Action: Make sure you typed the file name correctly. You may need to
change directories to locate the file, or you may need to type a path
name before the file name. If the file is not on the diskette, insert the
diskette containing the file into the drive. Select the command and try
again.
Cannot find 'filename' (WIN)
Cause: The MS-DOS Executive cannot find the file in the directory or on
the disk.
Action: Make sure you typed the file name correctly. You may need to
change directories to locate the file, or you may need to type a path
name before the file name. If the file is not on the diskette, insert the
diskette containing the file in the drive. Select the command and try
again.
If the file contains special characters, try the operation through the

MS-DOS operating system.

40-15

IIIII Messages
Cannot find system file on current drive (WIN)
Cause: You ran Make System Disk from a drive that does not contain the
system files.
Action: Change your current drive to a drive containing your system
files.

Cannot FORMAT a Network drive (MS)
Cause: You tried to format a drive that is redirected over the network.
Action: Do not try to format a drive that has been redirected over the
network.

Cannot format an Assigned drive (MS)
Cause: You tried to format a drive whose input/output (I/O) is sent to
another drive.
Action: To clear all drive assignments, type:
A) ASS I GN ( Return )

Cannot format diskette (WIN)
Cause: The diskette is defective or a read-only diskette.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Replace the diskette if it is defective and retry the command.
• Remove the write-protect tab and retry the command.

Cannot format drive. (FDISK)
Cause: You set the drive type improperly.
Action: Make sure you specify the correct drive type for your workstation hard disk.

40-16

Messages

IIIII

Cannot JOIN a network drive. (MS)

Cause: You tried to join a network drive.
Action: Specify a drive other than a network drive.
Cannot LABEL a SUBSTed or ASSIGNed drive (LABEL)

Cause: You tried to label a drive that was assigned using the ASSIGN
command or substituted using the SUBST command.
Action: Use the LABEL command only with valid drives.

(

40·16.1

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Messages

(

IIIII

Cannot read from device 'devicename' (WIN)
Cause: Either of two things occurred:
• MS-Windows could not read from the specified device.
• The specified device was not available for input.
Action: Make sure the device is properly set up (and, if appropriate,
turned on). Select Retry to try the operation again, or Cancel to end the
operation.
Cannot read from drive 'drivename' (WIN)
Cause: Any of the following things occurred:
• There was no disk in the specified drive.
• The disk drive door was open or the disk was not inserted
properly.
• MS-Windows could not read the disk in the drive you specified.
• The disk was defective, damaged, or not formatted.
• There was a network error or disconnect from the device.
Action: Select Retry to try the operation again. If a floppy drive is specified, make sure the diskette is properly inserted. If you continue to
receive this message, select the Cancel option.
Cannot read graphic font file 'filename' (GRAFTABL)
Cause: GRAFTABL cannot read from the file you specified on the command line. The file could be closed to reading.
Action: Retry the GRAFTABL command. If the message is displayed
again, restore the font file from your back-up diskette.
Cannot recover. entry, processing continued (MS)
Cause: The. entry (current directory) is corrupt.
Action: Restore the files and directory structure from your back-up
diskette.

(
40-19

IIIII Messages
Cannot recover .. entry (MS)
Cause: The directory above your current directory is defective. The disk
area is probably corrupt.
Action: Use your back-up diskette to restore the files and the directory
structure.

Cannot recover a Network drive (MS)
Cause: You tried to recover files on a drive that is redirected over the
network.
Action: Do not try to recover file in redirected drives.

Cannot redirect a network printer (MODE)
Cause: You tried to redirect a printer that is a network device.
Action: To delete the connection, type:
A> NET USE dev ID ( Return )

Now, retry the redirection.

Cannot rename 'filename' (WIN)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• The existing file is not in the current directory or on the disk.
• You did not specify a valid destination file name.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Make sure the file you want to copy exists and that you have
named it correctly, then retry the command. You cannot rename a
directory.
• Retry the command, specifying a valid MS-DOS destination file
name.

40-20

Messages

(

IIIII

Cannot run 'filename' (WIN)
Cause: An error occurred while you were running a program.
Action: Retry the Run command. If the command still does not work,
make sure you are trying to run the correct file. Make sure the file is a
program or invokes a program through the extension settings in the
WIN.INI file.

Cannot run with other applications (WIN)
Cause: The program you selected is a special application that loads and
stays resident and has the Modifies Memory option set in its .PIF file.
Action: Close all applications except the MS-DOS Executive before you
can start this program.

Cannot set volume name (WIN)
Cause: Any of the following things occurred:
• The diskette is write protected.
• The diskette is full.
• The drive is a network device.
Action: Try one of the following:
• If you are trying to set the volume name for a diskette, remove the
write-protect tab. Retry the command.
• Check the directory to see if any files can be removed, then try
again.

Cannot share a SUBSTed drive (SUBST)
Cause: You specified a drive letter that is directed to another drive with
the SUBST command.
Action: Specify the actual path.

40-21

IIIII Messages
Cannot share a SUBSTed drive (PERMIT)
Cause: You specified a drive letter that is directed to another drive with
the SUBST command.
Action: Specify the actual path.
Cannot startup from drive n (FDISK)
Cause: You entered the Mark Start-up Partition Menu when a drive other
than drive 1 was selected.
Action: Make drive 1 the start-up partition.
Cannot SUBST a network drive_ (MS)
Cause: You tried to substitute a path name for a network drive.
Action: Specify a drive other than a network drive.
Cannot use PRINT - Use COpy (PRINT)
Cause: You tried to load a second print spooler after one was already
loaded.
Action: Use the COPY command to print the file.
Cannot Write 'filename' (TE)
Cause: An error occurred while writing the specified file or the device
is full.
Action: Try again. Make sure there is enough room on the device.

40-22

Messages 11111

Cannot write to device 'devicename' (WIN)
Cause: Any of the following things occurred:
• MS-Windows cannot write to the specified device.
• The specified device is not available for output. Be sure the device
is properly set up (and, if appropriate, turned on).
• There was a network error or disconnect from the device.
Action: Select Retry to try the operation again, or Cancel to end the
operation.

Cannot write to drive 'drivename' (WIN)
Cause: Any of the following things occurred:
• There is no disk in the specified drive.
• The floppy drive door is open, or the diskette is improperly
inserted.
• MS-Windows cannot write to the diskette in the drive you
specified.
• The diskette is defective, damaged, or not formatted.
• There was a network error or disconnect from the device.
Action: Select Retry to try the operation again. If a floppy drive is specified, be sure the diskette is properly inserted. If you continue to receive
the message, select Cancel.

40-22.1

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Messages

IIIII

Country code must be three characters long (SELECT)
Cause: You entered a country code that is either too long or too short.
Action: Make sure you enter a three-character country code, and retry
the SELECT command.
Country code must be three digits (SELECT)
Cause: You entered a country code that contains a character other than
a digit.
Action: Make sure you enter the country code correctly, and retry the
SELECT command.
Currently no TIME SERVER available (NET TIME)
Cause: You used the NET TIME command and specified no node name.
There is no server available from which to get the time.
Action: Retry the command and specify a known node name.

(

Data error reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system could not read from, or write to,
the disk. You cannot use this disk anymore.
Action: To retry the command, press the R key.
If the problem persists and you are performing a back-up, restore, or
verify operation, press the I key to ignore the problem and continue the
operation. There may be a corrupt file.
If you are not performing a back-up, restore, or verify operation and the
problem persists, press the A key to stop the command. Copy all your
files to a new diskette, or back up and reformat your hard disk.
Datalink initialization failure - Hardware failed to initialize.
Cause: A hardware malfunction prevented the network from starting or
initializing.
Action: Your system administrator should contact an authorized service
representative.

(
40-29

11111 Messages

Datalink initialization failure - of Unknown Datalink Layer error.
Cause: A malfunction in the datalink layer prevented the network from
starting.
Action: Your system administrator should contact an authorized service
representative.

Datalink initialization failure - No memory available.
Cause: There is insufficient memory available for starting the network.
Action: Restart the system. If the error recurs, ask your system administrator to contact an authorized service representative.

Device is not redirected (NET)
Cause: You specified a printer to which you are not connected.
Action: Connect to the printer using the NET USE command.

df Error (DEBUG)
Cause: You typed two values for one flag.
Action: Retry the RF command and specify only one value per flag.

Directory is joined (MS)
Cause: You tried to execute the CHKDSK command on directories that
are joined.
Action: Run the JOIN command with the jD qualifier to deassign joined
directories.

Directory is not empty (WIN)
Cause: The directory still contains files.
Action: Delete the files from the directory, or move them to a different
location and start again.

40-30

Messages

(

IIIII

Directory is totally empty, no . or .. (MS)
Cause: The specified directory did not contain references either to your
current directory or to the directory above your current directory.
Action: Delete the specified directory and recreate it.
Directory not empty (MS)
Cause: You tried to join a directory that was not empty.
Action: Back up or delete all files in the directory and retry the JOIN
command.
'Directoryname' has no files in it (WIN)
Cause: You tried to copy files from an empty directory.
Action: Make sure you are using the correct directory name.
Disk error reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)

(

Cause: Any of the following occurred:
• The data area of a file is defective.
• Your diskette is bad.
Action: Get a new diskette.
Disk error reading/writing FAT 'fatnumber' (MS)
Cause: One of your file allocation tables has a defective sector. The
MS-DOS operating system automatically uses the other file allocation
table.
Action: Copy all your files to another disk.
Run the CHKDSK program and use the IF qualifier. The CHKDSK command will try to correct the error.

(
40-30.1

This page intentionally left blank.

Messages

(

IIIII

Disk full-write not completed (MS)
Cause: The EDLIN program stopped the E command and returned to the
MS-DOS operating system. Part of the file may have been written to disk
and saved.
Action: Delete the saved portion and restart the editing session. The file
is not available after this error.
Disk full. Edits lost (MS)
Cause: The EDLIN command cannot save your file due to lack of disk
space.
Action: Delete some files to increase the available disk space.
Disk is full (WIN)
Cause: You tried to save a file, or carry out an action that requires
creating a new file, and the disk is full.

(

This message is also displayed at system start-up time if the MS-DOS
operating system cannot open a file.
Action: Insert another disk, or delete any unwanted files and directories
from the disk, and try again.

40-31

IIIII Messages
Disk is missing necessary files (SETUP)
Cause: The \ WIN\DRV directory has been corrupted.
Action: Reinstall the system following the instructions in the VAXmate
System Administrator's Guide or restore the contents of the directory
from a previous backup.

Disk is not properly initialized (FORMAT)
Cause: You tried to format the hard disk without first initializing it.
Action: Run the FDISK program and initialize the disk.

Disk type unknown (FDISK)
Cause: Any of the following occurred:
• The drive type is unknown.
• The disk was not initialized on a workstation.
• The boot block has been destroyed.
Action: Set the drive type. Then initialize the disk if you have not done
so.

Disk unsuitable for system drive (MS)
Cause: The FORMAT program detected a bad track on the disk where
system files should reside.
Action: Use another disk for the system disk. You can use your original
disk to store files, but do not use it as a system disk.

Diskette controller error (FORMAT)
Cause: A problem occurred with the diskette controller.
Action: Make sure all cables are connected properly and reinitialize the
diskette. If this message is displayed again, call Field Service.

40-32

Messages

IIIII

FC: cannot open 'filename' - No such file or directory
Cause: One of the files you specified does not exist.
Action: Check your directory for the correct file name.
FC: incompatible switches
Cause: You specified switches that are not compatible. For example,
specifying /B and /L together.
Action: Retry the FC command and specify only compatible switches.
FC: out of memory
Cause: You did not have enough memory to perform the file compare.
Action: You can use a memory drive for temporary files. You can also
add more memory to your workstation.
FCB unavailable reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)

(

Cause: The MS-DOS operating system detected an error while trying to
access a file control block. This is often due to a defective disk.
Action: Press the R key. To stop the program, press the A key.
File allocation table bad (MS)
Cause: The disk is defective.
Action: Use the CHKDSK command to check the disk. Get a new disk
and copy what you can from the disk with the bad file allocation table.
File allocation table bad drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: The disk is defective.
Action: Run the CHKDSK command to check it.

(
40-43

IIIII Messages
File cannot be converted (EXE2BIN)
Cause: The input file was not in the correct format.
Action: See information about the EXE2BIN command in Chapter 32.

File cannot be copied onto itself (MS)
Cause: The source file name you specified is the same as the destination
file name.
Action: Specify a different destination file name.

File creation error (BR)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• You are out of space.
• You reached the maximum number of directories.
• The file is a read-only file and cannot be replaced.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Run the CHKDSK command to see how much space is left.
• Delete some files.
• Delete some directories.
• Use the ATTRIB command to determine whether the file is
read-only, and if so, use the ATTRIB command to change it.

File is not a back-up file (BR)
Cause: The RESTORE command tried to restore a file that did not have
the BACKUP header on it. The file was not saved using the BACKUP
command.
Action: Use the COpy command to copy the file to your directory.

File is not a graphic font file 'filename' (GRAFTABL)
Cause: You specified a file that was not a graphic font file.
Action: Make sure you typed the correct file name on the command
line. Then make sure the file exists. Retry the GRAFTABL command.

40-44

Messages 11111

(

Host is down. (NFT)
Cause: You tried to access a remote host that is not operating.
Action: Try to access the remote host later.
Incorrect DOS version
This program requires MS-DOS V3.10 (ATTRIB) (BR)
(DISKCOPY) (Fe) (FONT)
(FORMAT) (K'EYB) (MS) (SORT)
Cause: You tried to use an incorrect version of the MS-DOS operating
system on your workstation.
Action: Use DIGITAL's MS-DOS Version 3.10 operating system. Contact
your system administrator to obtain the correct version of the MS-DOS
operating system.
Incorrect MS-DOS version (NET)

(

Cause: You tried to install a network with an inappropriate version of
the MS-DOS operating system.
Action: Use DIGITAL's MS-DOS Version 3.10 operating system. Contact
your system administrator to obtain the correct version of the MS-DOS
operating system.
Incorrect number of operands (NET)
Cause: There is no keyword specified in the NET command.
Action: Use the NET HELP command to check the command format.
Incorrect number of parameters (MS) (SELECT)
Cause: You specified either too many or too few parameters on the
command line.
Action: Check the command format and retry the command. Make sure
you specify the correct number of parameters.

40-49

11111 Messages

Incorrect parameter (MS)
Cause: One of the parameters you specified is invalid.
Action: Make sure the parameter is valid and typed correctly.

Initial directory not found (WIN)
Cause: The initial directory for this program could not be found or was
invalid.
Action: Check the PIF file for the program and be sure that the initial
directory setting is correct.

Insert 'programname' or 'diskname' in drive 'drivename' (WIN)
Cause: MS-Windows needed a program or file that was not on the disk
in the active drive.
Action: Insert the specified disk and select OK.

Insert DOS diskette in drive 'drivename' and strike any key when
ready (MS)
Cause: You specified the following command, but the disk in drive
'drivename' does not contain the MS-DOS operating system files:

Action: Insert a system diskette in drive 'drivename'.

Insert system diskette in drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: You did not have a system diskette in the diskette drive.
Action: Insert a system diskette into the diskette drive.

40-50

Messages

IIIII

Insufficient disk space (MS) (SETUP) (SORT)
Cause: There is not enough disk space to complete the specified
operation.
Action: Delete some files, get a new diskette, or create the file on
another partition.
If you are running SETUP and this message is displayed, delete some
files from your destination disk and run SETUP again. SETUP requires
approximately 446700 bytes on the destination disk to run successfully.

Insufficient memory (MS) (BR) (SORT)
Cause: There was not enough memory to run the specified command.
You may have too many terminate and stay resident programs or your
directory structure may be too complex.

(

Action: Because certain MS-DOS commands and programs are terminate
and stay resident, restarting the workstation may free enough memory to
run the desired program. If not, you must edit the CONFIG.SYS file,
remove some of them, then restart the workstation. Also, if you installed
any device drivers, delete them from the CONFIG.SYS file.
Insufficient room in root directory Erase files in root and repeat the
CHKDSK command. (MS)
Cause: You have reached the maximum number of files allowable in the
root directory.
Action: Delete some files in the root directory, or move some files to
subdirectories.

(
40-51

IIIII Messages
Intermediate file error during pipe (MS)
Cause: One of the temporary files used by the PIPE command had an
error.
Action: Retry the PIPE command. If this message is displayed again, get
another diskette. Copy all files to the diskette, and retry the PIPE
command.

Internal error (FC)
Cause: The FC utility had an internal logic error.
Action: Retry the FC command.

Invalid alias (PERMIT)
Cause: You specified an alias which contains an invalid character.
Action: Make sure you type only valid characters in the alias. The alias
can have the characters A-Z, 0-9, /\, -, _, ., %, &, -, and $.
./

Invalid alias or password (NET)
Cause: You specified an alias or password which contains an invalid
character.
Action: Make sure you type only valid characters in the alias and password. The alias can have the characters A-Z, 0-9, /\, -, _, ., %, &, -, and
$.

Invalid characters in volume label (LABEL)
Cause: You typed invalid characters in the volume label.
Action: Make sure the volume label contains only letters and numbers.

Invalid command line parameters_ (MODE)
Cause: You typed invalid parameters on the command line.
Action: Check for misspelling and for missing punctuation. Retry the
command.

40-52

Messages

(

IIIII

Invalid COMMAND. COM
Insert COMMAND.COM disk in default drive
and strike any key when ready (MS)
Cause: The MS·DOS operating system needs to reload the COM·
MAND.COM file from disk. However, either the MS·DOS operating system cannot find the COMMAND.COM file on the disk, or the copy
found is invalid.
Action: Insert a disk which contains a copy of the COMMAND.COM file
into the default drive.

Invalid COMMAND.COM
Insert COMMAND.COM disk in drive 'drivename'
and strike any key when ready (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system needs to reload the COMMAND.COM file from disk. However, the MS-DOS operating system cannot find the COMMAND. COM file on the disk, or the copy found is
invalid.

(

Action: Insert a disk into drive 'drivename' which contains a copy of the
COMMAND. COM file.

Invalid computer name (NET)
Cause: You tried to connect to a computer that did not have an entry in
the DECNODE.DAT file.
Action: Run the NET DEFINE command to add a node name to the
DECNODE.DAT file. Run the NET LIST command to display the node
names in the DECNODE.DAT file.

Invalid country code (MS)
Cause: You specified an invalid number for the country code in the
CONFIG.SYS file.
Action: Specify a valid country code.

(
40-53

11111

Messages

Invalid date
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy): (MS)
Cause: You entered invalid numbers or separators for the date.
Action: Enter a valid date.

Invalid date received from node 'nodename' (NET TIME)
Cause: An invalid time was received from the node 'nodename'.
Action: Retry the NET TIME command.

Invalid destination drive specification (BR)
Cause: You specified a destination drive that does not exist on your
system.
Action: Specify a valid destination drive.

Invalid device (MS) (NET)
Cause: You specified an invalid device.
Action: Make sure you type the device name correctly.

Invalid directory (MS)
Cause: You specified a directory that is either invalid, or nonexistent.
Action: Run the DIR command to display a list of files and directories.

Invalid disk change reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: You changed a disk in a drive when it was not allowed.
Action: To retry the operation, reinsert the disk into the drive and press
the R key.

Invalid drive in search path (MS)
Cause: The drive does not exist.
Action: Specify only valid drives in the search path.

40-54

Messages

(

IIIII

Invalid drive or file name (MS)
Cause: You specified an invalid drive or file name.
Action: Specify a valid drive or file name.
Invalid drive specification (LABEL) (MS)
Ca:use: You specified an invalid drive.
Action: Specify a valid drive.
Invalid graphic font file name (GRAFTABL)
Cause: You specified an invalid font file name.
Action: Specify a valid font file name. Use the DIR command to display
a list of files in the current directory.
Invalid input line (GRAPHICS)

(

Cause: You specified invalid information on the command line.
Action: Retry the GRAPHICS command and specify valid information.
Invalid number of parameters (Fe) (MS) (BR)
Cause: You specified either too many or too few parameters on the
command line.
Action: Retry the command and specify the correct number of
parameters.
Invalid parameter (ATTRIB) (BR) (Fe) (FONT) OOIN) (KEYB) (MS)
(SUBST) (SORT)
Cause: One of the parameters you used is invalid.
Action: Make sure you:
• Entered the parameter correctly
• Did not join drives created by the SUBST command
• Did not use the SUBST command on joined paths

(

Then, retry the command.

40-55

11111

Messages

Invalid path (BR)
Cause: You specified a path that does not exist.
Action: To see the current valid paths, type:
A> PATH ( Return)

Invalid path or file name (MS)
Cause: You specified an invalid path or file name.
Action: Specify a valid path or file name.

Invalid path, not directory, or directory not empty (MS)
Cause: You tried to remove a directory that is any of the following:
• Invalid
• Not a directory
• Not empty
Action: Try one of the following:
• Specify a valid path.
• Use the RMDIR command and specify a valid directory.
• Empty the directory before you try to remove it.

Invalid protocol negotiated from node 'nodename' (NET TIME)
Cause: The remote node you specified could not communicate with
your node.
Action: Retry the NET TIME command and specify another remote node.

Invalid Set-Up file (TE)
Cause: The Set-Up configuration file was not the same version as the
terminal emulator. The information stored was invalid.
Action: Delete the Set-Up configuration file and create a new one.

40-56

Messages

(

IIIII

Invalid source drive specification (BR)
Cause: You specified a source drive that did not exist.
Action: Make sure the source drive you specify is on your system.
Invalid source drive specified (DISKCOPY)
Cause: You specified a source drive that did not contain a floppy diskette. You can only use the DISKCOPY command with floppy diskettes.
Action: Retry the DISKCOPY command and specify drive A as the source
drive.
Invalid sub-directory entry (MS)
Cause: The subdirectory you specified did not exist or was invalid.
Action: Make sure the subdirectory exists and is valid. Retry the
command.

(

Invalid target drive specified (DISKCOPY)
Cause: You specified a target drive that did not contain a floppy diskette. You can only use the DISKCOPY command with floppy diskettes.
Action: Retry the DISKCOPY command and specify drive A as the destination drive.
Invalid time (MS)
Cause: You specified an invalid time in response to the time prompt.
Action: Enter a valid time.
Invalid time received from node 'nodename' (NET TIME)
Cause: An invalid time was received from the node 'nodename'.
Action: Retry the NET TIME command.

(
40-57

11111

Messages

Invalid working directory (MS)
Cause: Your disk is bad.
Action: Replace the disk or make another copy from your back-up
diskette.

Label not found (MS)
Cause: The batch file you just executed contained a GOTO to a nonexistent label.
Action: Edit the batch file and make sure the GOTO command contains
a label that exists in the file.

Last back-up diskette not inserted (BR)
Cause: You specified the /A qualifier, but did not insert the last
diskette.
Action: Find the last diskette and insert it into the diskette drive.

Last file not backed up (BR)
Cause: The last file was not backed up for any of the following reasons:
• You pressed Ctrl/C.
• You need to insert a new diskette.
• Your hard disk has no more space.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Back up the displayed file.
• Insert a new diskette.
• Delete some files from the hard disk and retry the BACKUP
command.

40-58

Messages

(

IIIII

LAT - Datalink Initialization has failed.
Cause: You tried to start the lAT before installing Datalink (DLL).
Action: Type:

Now try to start the lAT again.
LAT - Error specifying service table size - using default.
Cause: You tried to set the service table size to an invalid value when
you started the lAT.
Action: Try to start the lAT again with a valid value for the service table
size.
LAT - Error specifying group codes - using default.

(

Cause: You tried to set the group codes to an invalid value when you
started the lAT.
Action: Try to start the lAT again with a valid value for the group codes.
LAT - Error specifying retransmit limit - using default.
Cause: You tried to set the retransmit limit to an invalid value when
you started the lAT.
Action: Try to start the lAT again with a valid value for the retransmit
limit.
Line too long (MS)
Cause: In your attempt to replace a line, you expanded the line beyond
the 253-character limit.
Action: Divide the your message into two lines and retry the REPlACE
command.

(
40-59

IIIII Messages
Loading fonts is not supported on this machine (FONT)
Cause: You tried to load a font file on a machine other than a
workstation.
Action: Use the FONT command only on a VAXmate workstation.

Loading keyboard maps is not supported on this machine (KEYB)
Cause: You tried to load a keyboard map file on a machine other than a
workstation.
Action: Use the KEYB command only on a VAXmate workstation.

Lock violation reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: A program tried to access a file currently being used by another
program.
Action: To stop the operation, press the A key.
You can also wait a few seconds, and retry the operation by pressing the
Rkey.

40-60

Messages 11111

(

x lost clusters found in y chains.
Convert lost chains to files (YIN)? (MS) (CHKDSK)
Cause: The CHKDSK command found lost files for which the directory
entry was lost. This loss usually occurs if you exit a program without
closing the files.
Action: If you use the IF qualifier and respond Y to this prompt, the
CHKDSK program creates a file (FILE????CHK) in the root directory for
you to resolve the problem.
If you did not use the IF qualifier, the CHKDSK program does nothing.
If you use the IF qualifier and respond N to this prompt, the following

is displayed:
x byte5 di5k 5pace free

If you do not use the IF qualifier and respond N to this prompt, the

following is displayed:

(

x byte5 di5k 5pace would be free

MDRIVE installation failed (MDRIVE)
Cause: A memory drive could not be installed on your workstation.
Action: Look at the rest of the message displayed on the screen to deter·
mine why the installation failed.
Memory allocation error
Cannot load MS-DOS, system halted (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system could not be loaded at system
start-up time.
Action: Restart the MS-DOS operating system. If this message is displayed again, call Field Service.

(
40-60.1

IIIII Messages
MORE: Incorrect DOS version (MS)
Cause: You tried to use the MORE command on a version of the MS-DOS
operating system that does not support it.
Action: Use the MORE command with MS-DOS Version 3.10 or later.

Multiple destinations not allowed (WIN)
Cause: You tried to copy a single file to more than one new file, or
tried to rename a single file with more than one new name.
Action: Copy or rename the file to a single destination.

Multiple files not allowed (WIN)
Cause: You specified too many file names for a command.
Action: Retry the command and specify only one file name.

Must specify destination line number (MS)
Cause: You did not specify a destination line number when you copied
and inserted a line using EDLIN.
Action: Specify a destination line number when you copy and insert a
line using EDLIN.

Must specify ON or OFF (MS)
Cause: You did not specify the ON or the OFF parameter.
Action: Retry the command and specify either ON or OFF.

40-60.2

)

Messages

(

IIIII

Network not installed (NET)

Cause: Either of two things occurred:
• The install check for the network fails. You must have the appropriate hardware and software to run the network.
• You try to execute a network command without starting the
network.
Action: Make sure you have the appropriate hardware and software to
run the network. Then type:
A)'

",' ,

Retry the command.
Network not started (NET TIME) (NET USE)

Cause: You tried to execute the NET TIME or NET USE command but
the network was not started.
Action: Start the network by typing:

Network Terminal Services driver not installed (TE)

Cause: The Network Terminal Services driver was not installed prior to
starting MS-Windows or the VT240 terminal emulator.
Action: Close the session, install the driver, and restart the session. To
install the driver, type:

New file (MS)

Cause: EDLIN could not find the file you specified.
Action: Make sure you typed the file name correctly.

(40-67

IIIII Messages
No entries in list (NET)
Cause: You used the NET USE command without first connecting to any
network resources.
Action: Type:
A> NET START RDR ( Return )

Retry the NET USE command.

No files match 'filename' (MS)
Cause: You specified a file name for a file that could not be found.
Action: Make sure you typed the file name correctly.

No files were found to back up (BR)
Cause: No files were found on the specified back-up source disk to back
up.
Action: Make sure you typed the file specification correctly. If you did
not type the file specification correctly, retry the BACKUP command
with the correct file specification.

No files were found to restore (BR)
Cause: No files were found on the source disk to restore.
Action: Make sure you typed the file specification correctly. If you did
type the file specification correctly, retry the RESTORE command and
specify the correct file(s).

40-68

Messages

(

IIIII

Not enough memory to run (WIN)
Cause: MS-Windows tried to run a standard application that required
more memory than was currently available.
Action: Close an application, then select the Run command. If this message is displayed again, continue closing applications and selecting the
Run command until either the message is no longer displayed or until
the MS-DOS Executive is the only remaining application. The program
will now run after enough memory has been freed by closing other
applications, and if the MS-DOS Executive is the only application
running.

Not enough memory to run 'filename' (WIN)
Cause: Either of two things occurred:
• MS-Windows tried to run a program that required more memory
than was currently available.

• Your version of MS-Windows does not support one or more of the
run-time routines.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Close one or more applications. Select the Run command again.
• If this message is displayed and only the MS-DOS Executive win-

dow is running, you cannot run the specified file with this version
of MS-Windows.

Not enough room to merge the entire file (MS)
Cause: There was not enough memory to hold the file during a
TRANSFER command.
Action: Use a memory drive for temporary files. Remove some device
drivers. Retry the TRANSFER command.

40-73

IIIII Messages
(\

Not ready error reading/writing drive 'drivename' (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system could not access the drive you
specified.
Action: Make sure the disk drive door is closed. Make sure the disk is
inserted into the drive right side up. To retry the command, press the R
key.
Out of environment space (MS)
Cause: There was not enough room in the program environment to
accept more data.
Action: Do the following:
• Make the PATH command shorter.
• Make the APPEND command shorter.
• Decrease the number of SET commands you define.
Parameters of hard disk cannot be determined_ (FDISK)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• There is no hard disk.
• The hard disk is installed incorrectly.
Action: Make sure you have a hard disk. Make sure that it is installed
correctly.
The path entry is too long (FONT) (GRAFTABL) (KEYB) (LCOUNTRY)
(SORT)
Cause: You specified a path entry of more than 64 characters.
Action: Specify a path entry of 64 characters or less.
The path is not set (FONT) (GRAFTABL) (LCOUNTRY) (SORT)
Cause: The 'PATH=' string is not set.
Action: Set the path.

40-74

Messages

(

IIIII

The path is not set and the file was not found in the current directory or root directory: 'filename' (KEYB)
Cause: The path is not set or the file was not found.
Action: Set the path and check the current and root directories for a
valid file name.
Path not found. (MS)
Cause: You specified an invalid path name.
Action: Check your typing. If this message is displayed again, make sure
the path exists.
The PATH= string was not found in the environment (FONT) (GRAFTABL) (KEYB) (LCOUNTRY) (SORT)
Cause: Your environment space is corrupt.
Action: Restart the workstation.

PIF Error
Program directly modifies memory.
Cannot continue processing.
Cause: You executed a command or ran a program that directly modi·
fied memory.
Action: Restart the system.
Action: Make sure there is a hard disk in your workstation. Make sure
the hard disk is installed correctly.

(
40-74.1

IIIII Messages
/\

Please run DLL before starting LAT
Cause: You tried to start the LAT before starting the Datalink (DLL).
Action: Type:
HET START LAT ( Return )

Please run SCH and DLL before starting Datalink
Cause: An error related to the SCH program was detected during network start-up.
Action: Type:
HET START RDR ( Return)

Please run SCH and DLL before starting LAT
Cause: You tried to start the LAT before starting the SCH program and
Datalink (DLL).
Action: Type:
HET START LAT ( Return )

40-74.2

Messages

IIIII

Source and target disks are the same (BR)
Cause: You tried to back up files to the same disk from which you
copied them.
Action: Make sure the source drive and target drive specifications are
different.
Source diskette cannot be copied (DISKCOPY)
Cause: The source and target diskettes were incompatible.
Action: Insert a compatible target diskette into the target drive and retry
the DISKCOPY command.
Source does not contain back-up files (BR)
Cause: The source disk had no back-up files on it.

(

Action: Make sure you typed the information on the command line correctly. If you did, make sure the back-up files are in the specified directory. If they are not, retry the command and specify the correct
directory.
The specified file is invalid or does not exist: 'filename' (FONT)
(GRAFTABL) (KEYB) (LCOUNTRY) (SORT)
Cause: The file is not accessible or the file cannot be found.
Action: Check to see if the file exists or if it contains any illegal
characters.
Specified MS-DOS search directory bad (MS)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• The SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file is incorrect.
• The COMMAND.COM file does not exist.
• The COMMAND.COM file is not where you specified it to be.
Action: Try the following:

• Check the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file.
• Make sure the COMMAND.COM file is where you think it is.

40-81

11111

Messages

Start session error (TE)
Cause: There was an error accessing the Network Terminal service. The
service cannot be initiated.
Action: Contact you system administrator.

Syntax error (MS)
Cause: You typed an illegal string when executing the FIND command.
Action: Enclose the string with quotation marks.

Target disk cannot be used for back-up (BR)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• The BACKUP command cannot access the disk.
• The floppy diskette is bad.
• There are hardware problems.
Action: Reformat the diskette using the FORMAT command. Retry the
BACKUP command. If this message is displayed again, get a new diskette. If there are hardware problems, call Field Service.

Target diskette has errors
Attempting to recover target diskette by reformatting bad tracks
(DISKCOPY)
Cause: The target diskette had a bad spot.
Action: This message is for informational purposes. Because the target
diskette must be reformatted, the DISKCOPY operation will take significantly more time. If this problem occurs again, the "WARNING: Error
writing target diskette" message is displayed. See that message for more
information about how to proceed.

Target diskette is write protected
Remove write protect tab and press any key to continue
Or press <CTRL/C> to abort DISKCOPY (DISKCOPY)
Cause: The target diskette was write protected.
Action: Remove the write-protect tab and reinsert the diskette into the
target drive.

40-82

Messages 11111

(

Target diskette must be Rainbow RX50 pre-formatted
Disk copy failed (DISKCOPY)
Cause: You tried to execute the DISKCOPY command with a target diskette that was not formatted.
Action: Format the target diskette using the FORMAT command. Reinsert
the diskette into the target drive. Retry the DISKCOPY command.
Target drive cannot write high density diskettes (DISKCOPY)
Cause: You tried to copy the contents of a high-density source diskette
to a low-density target diskette.
Action: Insert a high-density target diskette into the target drive. Retry
the DISKCOPY command.
Target is full (BR)
Cause: The target disk had no room to receive restored files.
Action: Use another disk as the target disk.
The 96 column mode is not supported for STD type printers_ (MODE)
Cause: You tried to use 96-column mode with an STD type printer. The
96-column mode is valid only for the rA50-type printers.
Action: Do not specify 96-column mode with an STD printer.
The last file was not restored (BR)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• You press (Ctrl/C ) .
• It is time to switch diskettes.

• There is no more space on the hard disk.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Retry the RESTORE command.
• Insert a new diskette.
• Delete some files from the hard disk and retry the command.

(

40-83

11111

Messages

Timed out waiting for DATE/TIME from remote node 'nodename'
(NET TIME)
Cause: You tried to execute the NET TIME command but the node
'nodename' was too ,busy to service your request.
Action: Retry the NET TIME command and specify another node name.

To activate Compose, use KEYB to load an ISO or MCS keyboard file
(TE)
Cause: You pressed the Compose key without first loading the ISO or
MCS keyboard map file.
Action: Use the MS-DOS KEYB command to load the ISO or MCS keyboard map file. Now you can use the Compose key.

Too many clocks or timers (WIN)
Cause: You tried to run a program that requires a system clock but no
more are available.
Action: Exit or close one of the other application programs. Try running
your program again.

Too many files open (MS)
Cause: No more system file handles were available for you to use to
open a file.
Action: Increase the value of the FILES command in the CONFIG.SYS
file.

Track 0 bad - disk unusable (MS)
Cause: The FORMAT command found bad sectors on the disk.
Action: Use another disk.

40-84

Messages

(

IIIII

Unable to close connection with remote node (NET TIME)
Cause: You issued the NET TIME command and the remote node serviced your request, but your local not could not close the connection.
Action: Contact your system administrator.
Unable to connect to 'servicename' (TE)
Cause: You entered an invalid or inaccessible network name.
Action: Make sure you entered a valid service name. If the service is not
available, try again later.
Unable to contact remote node 'nodename' (NET TIME)
Cause: One of the following occurred:
• You issued the NET TIME command but the remote node
'nodename' was not listening.
• You tried to connect to a server that has no sessions available.
• You tried to connect to a server from a workstation that has a
maximum number of sessions running.
Action: Try one of the following:
• Retry the NET TIME command and specify another node name.
• Increase the number of sessions that can connect to the server.
Check that there are no active sessions, then restart the server.
• Disconnect from a remote node or server, or increase the number
of sessions allowed from your workstation.
Unable to create directory (MS)
Cause: The MS-DOS operating system could not create the directory you
specified.
Action: Make sure there are no other directories with the name you
specified in the MKDIR command line. Make sure the disk is not full.

40-85

11111 Messages

0.
~)

Unable to erase 'filename' (BR)
Cause: The BACKUP or RESTORE command could not erase file
'filename' .
Action: Start with a blank, formatted diskette. You can also delete or
move some files on the destination diskette before you execute the
BACKUP or RESTORE command again.

Unable to make local file name from remote name:
'nodename::filename'
Enter local file name: (NFT)
Cause: You omitted the local file name with the COPY command. NFl'
was not able to create a local file name from the specified remote file
name.
Action: Retry the COpy command and specify a local file name.

Unable to open file: 'filename' (NFT)
Cause: NFT could not open the file you specified.
Action: Make sure you typed the file name correctly.

Unable to send command to remote node 'nodename' (NET TIME)
Cause: You issued the NET TIME command but your local node could
not talk to the network.
Action: Contact your system administrator.

Unexpected network error 'errornumber' (NET)
Cause: A network command returned an unexpected error. The parentheses contain the MS-DOS operating system extended error code.
Action: Contact your system administrator.

Unrecognized command in CONFIG.SYS (MS)
Cause: Your CONFIG.SYS file contained an unrecognized command.
Action: Make sure the commands in your CONFIG.SYS file are valid.

40-86

Messages 11111

(

Unrecognized command. (SETHOST)
Cause: The command you used was not a valid SETHOST command.
Action: To see all the valid SETHOST commands, type:
SETHOST>SETHOST/HELP(Return )

40·86.1

This page intentionally left blank.

Messages

(

IIIII

Unrecognized error code 'errorcode' (SETHOST)
Cause: The error code you specified was invalid.
Action: Contact your system administrator.
Unrecognized Help option; try typing just IHELP. (SETHOST)
Cause: You specified an invalid SETHOST help option.
Action: To see the valid SETHOST help options, type:
SETHOST>SETHOST/HELP~

Unrecognized nodespec. (SETHOST)
Cause: The node spec was invalid.
Action: To see the valid node spec formats, type:
SETHOST>SETHOST/HELP=NODESPEC(Return )

(

Unrecognized Parameter. (SETHOST)
Cause: The parameter you specified was not a SETHOST parameter.
Action: To see the valid SETHOST parameters, type:
SETHOST>SETHOST IHELP (Return )

Unrecoverable error in directory
Convert directory to file (YIN)? (MS)
Cause: The directory structure is corrupt.
Action: To convert the bad directory to a file, press the Y key. Now you
can delete the bad directory. Then use your back-up diskette to restore
the directory structure.
If you respond N to this prompt, you may not be able to read from or
write to the bad directory.

(
40-87

1/1/1 Messages
Use of the /1 switch is not allowed for the target drive (FORMAT)
Cause: You tried to do either of the following:
• Format the hard disk using the /1 switch.
• Format a single-sided diskette in the high-density RX33 drive.
Action: Format a low-density diskette using the /1 switch together with
the /4 switch.

Use of the /4 switch is not allowed for the target drive (FORMAT)
Cause: You tried to format the hard disk with the /4 switch. The /4
switch indicates that you want to format an 8- or 9-sector diskette on a
high-density RX33 drive.
Action: Retry the FORMAT command without specifying the /4 qualifier.

Use of the /8 switch is not allowed for the target drive (FORMAT)
Cause: You tried to do either of the following:
• Format a hard disk using the /8 switch.
• Format a single-sided diskette in the high-density RX33 drive.
Action: Format a low-density diskette using the /8 switch together with
the /4 switch.

Use of the /L switch is only allowed in combination with the /4, /8,
or /1 switches (FORMAT)
Cause: You tried to format a disk using the /L switch by itself.
Action: Make sure you specify the /4 switch, the /8 switch, or the /1
switch when you specify the /L switch.

Video shifting is not allowed on this hardware_ (MODE)
Cause: You tried to shift the video on your VAXmate workstation.
Action: Do not attempt video shifting on your VAXmate workstation.

40-88

Appendix G
International Features

This appendix discusses:
• International country codes
• International character set codes
• Country keyboard abbreviations
• Commands providing international support

(

• How support files work together
• Character sets
• Country keyboards

International Country Codes
The following list contains international country codes.

001

United States

002

Canada

031

Netherlands

032

Belgium

033

France

034

Spain

039

Italy

041

Switzerland

044

United Kingdom

045

Denmark

046

Sweden

047

Norway

049

Germany

061

Australia

358

Finland

972

Israel

(
G-l

IIIII International Features
International Character Set Codes
The following list contains international character set codes.
CA7

Canadian 7 -bit NRC

CH7

Swiss 7 -bit NRC

DE7

German 7 -bit NRC

DK7

Danish 7 -bit NRC

ES7

Spanish 7 -bit NRC

FI7

Finnish 7 -bit NRC

FR7

French 7 -bit NRC

ISO

ISO Multinational

IT7

Italian 7 -bit NRC

MCS

DIGITAL Multinational

N07

Norwegian 7 -bit NRC

SE7

Swedish 7 -bit NRC

ST2

IBM Norway/Denmark Extended

STD

IBM Extended

UK7

United Kingdom 7 -bit NRC

Country Keyboard Abbreviations
The following list contains country keyboard abbreviations.
CA

Canadian

Swiss

German

Danish

Spanish

Finnish

French

Italian

Norwegian

Swiss (German)

Swedish

Swiss (French)

English

American English

G-2

International Features 11111

Commands Providing International Support
Table G-l contains the commands providing international support.
Table G-t

International Support

Command

What It Does

FONT

Loads a text character set. FONT files have a .FNT file extension.

GRAFTABL

Loads a graphic character set. GRAFTABL files have a .GRF file extension.

KEYB

Loads a keyboard map file. KEYB files have a .KEY file extension.

LCOUNTRY

Loads country-specific information and case conversion information
into the MS-DOS operating system. LCOUNTRY files have a .COU file
extension.

SELECT

Provides the coordination of the various pieces of internationalization.

SORT

Is an MS-DOS operating system filter that sorts characters according
to current character set. SORT files have a .SRT file extension.

The FONT Command
Use the FONT command to load a text font file that corresponds to a character set. The FONT command loads the bit maps of the ASCII characters. Each
text character is represented by 16 bytes of data.

The GRAFTABL Command
Use the GRAFTABL command to load the bit maps of the graphics characters
that are displayed when the workstation is in a graphics mode. All workstation graphics modes are supported.
Each graphics character is represented by 8 bytes of data.

The KEYB Command
Use the KEYB command to load keyboard map files. Two factors determine
which keyboard map file should be loaded; the country selected and the
character set selected. For example, if you want to use an MCS character set
in the United Kingdom, you would load the MCSUK.KEY file.

(
G-3

IIIII International Features
The LCOUNTRY Command
Use the LCOUNTRY command to load country-specific information into the
MS-DOS operating system.

The SELECT Command
Use the SELECT command to change the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
files to the desired character set and country information. The SELECT command sets up the parameters for FONT, KEYB, and LCOUNTRY.
Mter setting these parameters using the SELECT command, and restarting the
MS-DOS operating system, the correct character set and country information
is installed.
It is your responsibility to ensure compatibility among the international
components.
SELECT accepts user input on the command line.

The SORT Command
The SORT command is an MS-DOS operating system filter that collates characters according to a given sort table. Each character set has its own sort file.

Similarities Between FONT, GRAFTABL, KEYB, LCOUNTRY, SORT
Each command accepts user-created files. For example, you can create a set
of PACMAN graphic fonts to be loaded by GRAFTABL.
You can load any combination of files, but you must ensure compatibility
yourself. For example, you could load an ISO font set, be running a STDFR
keyboard, and using DE7 country-specific information. We do not recommend it, but we do not prohibit it, either.
Each command has an option so that you can load the default set.
GRAFTABL, SORT, or LCOUNTRY typed with no arguments match the current
.FNT file. For example, if you load ISO.FNT and type the following command
lines, GRAFTABL loads ISO.GRF and LCOUNTRY loads ISO.COU:
A: \)GRAFTABL (Retur~ )
A: \)LCDUNTRV (Return )

G-4

IIIII

International Features

(

Each command searches the current directory, any appended directories, the
root directory, and then the current path for the specified file.
Each command assumes a default file extension if you do not specify it.
Table G-2 lists examples of what you type and what is loaded.
Table G-2

Examples of International Commands

What You Type

What Is Loaded

FONT ISO ( Return)

ISO.FNT

GRAFTABL ISO ( Return)

ISO.GRF

KEYB ISODS ( Return )

ISODS.KEY

LCODNTRY ISO ( Return)

ISO.COD

The KEYB and FONT utilities allow you to return to the default ROM-BIOS
tables using the ID qualifier after the command. The KEYB and FONT utilities allow you to see the current character sets using the IS qualifier after the
command.

Changing Character Sets for a Specific Country
If a French user wants to use the ISO Latin-l character set, the sequence of
commands shown in Table G-3 is typed.
Table G-3

Changing Character Sets

What You Type

What Is Loaded

A:\>FONT ISO.FNT ( Return )

Loads the ISO Latin-l text character set

A:\>KEYB ISOFR.KEY ( Return)

Loads the French ISO Latin-l keyboard
map tables

A:\>LCODNTRY ISO.COD 033 ( Return)

Loads the ISO Latin-l character set
country data and specifies the country as
France

G-5

IIIII International Features
If the user also wants to use graphics video mode, the following command

needs to be given:
A: \ )GRAFTABL I SO. GRF ( Return )

The ISO Latin-l graphics character set is loaded.
NOTE

Specifying the file extensions for each of these files is optional.
The extensions are assumed by default.

How Support Files Work Together
Tables G-4 through G-B show how all the utilities work together to give you
full support for the desired character set and country. Use these tables only
as a guideline.
Table G-4

IBM Extended Character Set

Language

Keyboard

Font (Text)

Graphics
(Font)

Sort

U.S.'

STDUS.KEY·

STD.FNT·

STD.GRF·

STD.SRT·

U.K.

STDUK.KEY

FRENCH

STDFR.KEY

GERMAN

STDDE.KEY

• Default set up at start-up time

G-6

International Features

(

Table G-5

(

Digital Multinational Character Set

Language

Keyboard

Font (Text)

Graphics
(Font)

Sort

U.S.

MCSUS.KEY

MCS.FNT

MCS.GRF

MCS.SRT

U.K.

MCSUK.KEY

FRENCH

MCSFR.KEY

GERMAN

MCSDE.KEY

Table G-6

French 7-Bit National Replacement Character Set

Language

Keyboard

Font (Text)

Graphics
(Font)

Sort

7-BIT FRENCH

FR7FR.KEY

FR7.FNT

FR7.GRF

FR7.SRT

Table G-7

German 7-Bit National Replacement Character Set

Language

Keyboard

Font (Text)

Graphics
(Font)

Sort

7-BIT GERMAN

DE7DE.KEY

DE7.FNT

DE7.GRF

DE7.SRT

Table G-8

IIIII

International Standards Organization

Language

Keyboard

Font (Text)

Graphics
(Font)

Sort

U.S.

ISOUS.KEY

ISO.FNT

ISO.GRF

ISO.SRT

U.K.

ISOUK.KEY

FRENCH

ISOFR.KEY

GERMAN

ISODE.KEY

G-7

11111 International Features

Character Sets
Using All Character Sets With MS-DOS and MS-Windows
You should not create file names using accented characters or other 8-bit
characters. Instead, use only characters from the ASCII character set (A-Z,
0-9). The accented characters and their positions in the set differ from character set to character set. Using them in file names could result in different
file names being displayed under different character sets.
MS-DOS supplies the MCSjlSO and NRC character sets. If a file is created
using the MCSjISO character set, it could look different if viewed with the
NRC set loaded. Ensure that the loaded character set matches the one that
was used to create the file.

Using Character Sets With MS-Windows
MS-Windows uses ANSI (ISO Latin-I) a universal, standard character set. This
8-bit character set allows you to represent up to 256 characters (0-255). This
character set is split into:
• 0-127
• 128-255
The first half (0-127) is standard U.S. ASCII. Characters from 128-255 may
differ from one character set to another. The differences are special characters, such as accents and currency symbols.
You probably have documents containing non-ANSI characters if you are
using:
• A workstation in a non-English speaking country
• Documents not created in MS-Windows
These files will display differently if you use them under MS-Windows.
The MS-Windows stroke fonts (ROMAN, SCRIPT, and MODERN) do not fully
support the ISO Latin-l character set.

Using the NRC Character Set With MS-DOS
The NRC character set does not contain the backslash (\) or the vertical bar
(~. To generate these characters, use the following procedures. When you
type the numbers, use the numeric keypad.
G-B

International Features

IIIII

To generate the backslash, type:
<Alt/92>

To generate the vertical bar, type:
<Alt/124>

The MS-DOS operating system interprets these generated characters as the
backslash or the vertical bar.

Using Character Sets With the VT220 and VT240 Terminal
Emulators
The ISO Latin-l dead-diacritical keys are used with MS-Windows. The VT220
~erminal emulator, which runs as an MS-Windows application, also uses the
ISO Latin-l dead-diacritical keys, regardless of the current mode of the
terminal emulator (MCS/ISO or NRC).
The VT240 terminal emulator uses the same dead-diacritical keys used under
the MS-DOS operating system, regardless of the current terminal emulator
mode (MCS/ISO or NRC).

G-9

IIIII International Features
Country Keyboards

Figure G-l

Figure G-2

U. S'/U. K. Keyboard

Canadian/English Keyboard

.\:. '":''''' :: 1-

lEUEllBlBa [8[[j]sltJJBl IBIEllBJGj ~I lEJl8lslBl

Figure G-3

G-JO

Danish Keyboard

International Features

IIIII

(
I8lBlBlBl

Figure G-4

Finnish Keyboard
....... 1

.......

·1

\GlBlBlBl

Figure G-5

French/Canadian Keyboard

Figure G-6

French Keyboard

(G-ll

IIIII International Features
IBlBl8l81

Figure G-7 Germani Austrian Keyboard
':::

Figure G-8

:: 1=

Hebrew Keyboard

Figure G-9 Italian Keyboard

G-12

......, I

·,,".. 1

International Features 11111

",,,,,,,

,,,e,,

(8lGlalal

Figure G-IO

Norwegian Keyboard
~

_'''''''=-I _

•...... 1

(
Figure G-ll
I

Spanish Keyboard
~

""::-' -.:~ 1_

(8lGiaBI

Figure G-12

Swedish Keyboard

(
G-13

11111

International Features

Spi ....

.......

I8lBlGBI

Figure G-13

Swiss/French Keyboard

tEil~1

Figure G-14

G-14

I8lBlGBI

Swiss/German Keyboard

(

Appendix I
How to Configure Your
System

This chapter discusses:
• What a configuration file is
• How to change a configuration file
• Configuration commands

What Is a CONFIG.SYS File?
When you start the MS-DOS operating system, there are installation-specific
settings that need to be configured. For example, if you want to install a
memory drive, you would configure this when you start the MS-DOS operating system.
The configuration file, named CONFIG.SYS, contains CONFIG.SYS commands
which the MS-DOS operating system reads at startup. The MS-DOS operating
system searches for the CONFIG.SYS file in the root directory of the startup
drive.
The CONFIG.SYS file helps you configure your system with a minimum of
effort. You add device drivers to your system by adding commands to the
CONFIG.SYS file. You can only add device drivers to your system at startup.
In order for the new values to take effect, you must restart your workstation.

(
1-1

IIIII How to Configure Your System
Creating the CONFIG.SYS File
If there is not a CONFIG.SYS file on the MS-DOS disk, you can use the COPY
command to create one. For example, to create a CONFIG.SYS file, type:

A:\)COPV CON CONFIG.SVS(Return)
BUFFERS= 1 0 (Return)
FILES=10 (Return)
DEVICE=\BIN\NETWORK.SVS(Return)
BREAK =ON ( Return )
SHELL=A:\BIN\COMMAND.COM A:\BIN IP(Return)
LASTDR IVE=P ~ (Return )

After you press the Return key, a file named CONFIG.SYS is saved on the
MS-DOS operating system disk in your root directory.

CONFIG.SYS Commands
Table 1-1 lists the CONFIG.SYS commands.
Table 1-1

CONFIG.SYS Commands

Command

Use

BREAK

Sets Ctrl/C check.

BUFFERS

Sets the number of disk buffers.

COUNTRY

Sets the international time, date, and currency.

DEVICE

Installs the device driver into the system.

FCBS

Specifies the number of FCBs that can be concurrently open.

FILES

Sets the number of open files that can access certain MS-DOS
system calls.

LASTDRIVE

Sets the maximum number of drives that you can access.

SHELL

Begins execution of the shell from a specific file.

These commands are described in detail on the following pages.

(
\

/-2

AppendixL
MS-DOS and VAX/VMS
File Compatibility

The MS-DOS operating system and the VAXfVMS operating system have different file systems. While both have directory structures rooted on disk drives,
their file-naming syntax is different. The following sections contain information you need to know if you are sharing files and directories between the
MS-DOS and the VAXfVMS operating systems.

Naming Files and Subdirectories
When using the MS-DOS operating system, you cannot create a file name with
a null file extension if a subdirectory with the same file name already exists.
For example, you cannot create a file called BOX. if a subdirectory called
BOX <DIR> already exists.
When using the VAXfVMS operating system, you cannot create a subdirectory
if an existing file in the directory has the same file name as the subdirectory
and a .DIR extension. For example, if the file NAME.DIR exists in a directory,
you cannot create a subdirectory called NAME in that directory.
When using the VAXfVMS operating system, you cannot create a file with the
.DIR extension if a subdirectory with the same name already exists. For
example, if the directory NAME exists, you cannot create a file called
NAME.DlR.

Creating Files with Text Editors
Certain MS-DOS text editors end a .TXT file with Ctrl/Z as a delimiter. If you
create such a file on your workstation with an MS-DOS text editor and want
to use the file as a .COM file in the VAXfVMS environment, you must first
insert a "$ EXIT" as the last line of the .COM file, or edit the file on the
VMS system and remove the Ctrl/Z.

1-1

11111 MS-DOS and VAX/VMS File Compatibility

If you use a VMS text editor to create a file that is to be used later in the
MS-DOS environment, you must copy the file, using the jA qualifier, from the
drive connected to the VAXjVMS server to any other drive. Copying the file
removes any appendedCtrljZ characters. Certain MS-DOS application programs terminate abnormally when they encounter a CtrljZ character.

Special Characters in File Names
Of the 11 characters you could specify in an MS-DOS file name and file
extension, do not specify more than nine special characters when creating a
subdirectory. Special characters are any valid MS-DOS file name characters
other than A-Z, 0-9, $, and _ .
The VAXjVMS server translates MS-DOS directory names with file extensions
by treating the"." as a special character and appending .DIR as the file
extension. For example, if a workstation user creates an MS-DOS directory
named A.EXT, the directory is listed as A.EXT. However, the VAXjVMS lists
the directory as L-2EEXT.DIR.

Copy Binary Files Between MS-DOS and VAX/VMS
Directories
You can copy MS-DOS binary files to a VAXjVMS directory. To copy binary
files between the MS-DOS and VAXjVMS environments, use the MS-DOS COPY
command.
Any binary files that were not copied to your VAXjVMS directory with the
MS-DOS COPY command should be copied to the MS-DOS environment with
the NFT COpy command.

Using MS-DOS Applications With VMS-Created Files
Some MS-DOS applications (for example, EDLIN) do not work with a file
created by a VMS process because the VAXjVMS server does not allow write
access to those files. It does allow write access to VAXjVMS files with the
stream record format, but supports only read access to files with any other
record format. To determine the record format of a file created by a VMS
process, use the DIRjFULL command at the VAXjVMS operating system
prompt. For example:
$

DIR/FULL filename(Retum)

L-2

MS-DOS and VAX/VMS File Compatibility

IIIII

Table L-l describes the VAX/VMS server support for MS-DOS access to
VAX/VMS files.
Table L-t MS-DOS Access to VAX/VMS Files
If VAX/VMS file's
record format is

MS-DOS allows you to

Stream

Open
Close
Create
Read
Write/Append
Delete

Sequential record

Open
Read (sequential only)

Relative record

Open
Read (sequential only)

Indexed record

Open
Read (sequential only)

The VAX/VMS server supports only read access to ordinary RMS record files
( nonstream files).
To convert a nonstream file to a stream file, copy the file to another file
name. For example, to convert the nonstream file A.DAT to a stream file
named B.DAT, at the MS-DOS operating system prompt, type:
A:\>COPV A.DAT B.DAT(R~urn)

Read-Only Directories
Directories marked as read-only on the VAXmate server are ordinary MS-DOS
directories. You can create files in the directory and remove directories when
they are empty. Directories marked as read-only on the VAXjVMS server cannot be deleted by an MS-DOS process. Also, you cannot delete files from or
create files in that directory.

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