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Document:	DECimage Scan Software for VMS Users Guide V5.3 198911
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Pages:	122
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AA-ME76B-TE

DECimage Scan Software for VMS
User's Guide
November 1989

This guide describes how to use DECimage Scan Software for VMS.

Revision/Update Information:

This is a revised guide.

Operating System and Version: VMS Version 5.3
Software Version:

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

DECimage Scan Software for VMS
Version 2.0

November 1989

The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The soft.ware described in this document is furnished under a license and
may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of soft.ware
on equipment not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its
affiliated companies.
Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S.
Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c)(lXii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause
at DFARS 252.227-7013.
©Digital Equipment Corporation 1989. All rights reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The postpaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this
document requests the user's critical evaluation to assist in preparing
future documentation.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
CDA
DDIF
DEC
DECimage
DECnet
DECUS
DECwindows
LA
LN03

MASSBUS
MD300
PrintServer 40
Q-bus
ReGIS
ULTRIX
UNIBUS
VAX
VAX.BASIC

VAX.C
VAX.cluster
VAX FORTRAN
VAX.RMS
VAXstation

VMS
VT
XUI

The following are third-party trademarks:
EyeStar is a trademark of Microtek Labs, Inc.
Microtek is a registered trademark of Microtek Labs, Inc.
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
X Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.

Contents
About This Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Introduction to DECimage Scan Software
What Is DECimage Scan Software?........................
What Is Needed to Run DECimage Scan Software?............
What Can You Do with DECimage Scan Software? . . . . . . . . . . . .
Before Using DECimage Scan Software.....................

1-1
1-1
1-2
1-2

2 Getting Started
Starting a DECwindows Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting a DECimage Scan Software Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the DECimage Scan Software Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Terminating a DECimage Scan Software Session . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Terminating a DECwindows Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-1
2-3
2-3
2-6
2-6

3 Customizing Image Display and Delivery
Using the Customize Menu Without Opening Dialog Boxes . . . . . .
'lb Save Current Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Restore Previously Saved Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Use the Factory Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Display Settings Dialog Box .................. , . .
'lb Magnify the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Open a Scaled View Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Adjust the Percentage of Magnification................
Using the Delivery Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-6
3-8
3-8

Ill

'lb Select the Scan Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Set the Number of Pages to Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Assign File Names Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Choose Automatic or Manual Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Compress Data In an Image File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Save and Restore Settings Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-9
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-11

4 Scanning Images
'fypes of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Line Art Originals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuous 'lbne Originals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combinations of Line Art and Continuous 'lbne . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gray Scale Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Commands Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Select the Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Scan Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Modify the General Setup of the Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Adjust the Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Adjust the Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Adjust the Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Adjust the Grain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Choose the Page Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Choose the Scan Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Modify the Frame Setup of the Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Choose the Unit of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Define a Scan Frame with a Rubberband Box . . . . .
'lb Define Windows with a Rubberband Box. . . . . . . . .
'lb Enter Measurement Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-1
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-8
4-8
4-9
4-9
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-12
4-14
4-16

5 Modifying Scanned Images
Using the Edit Menu...................................
Using the Rubberband Box to Define Regions of Interest . . . . . . .
Using the DECwindows Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving and Copying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Cutting to the Clipboard...........................
By Copying to the Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Pasting from the Clipboard.........................
Modifying an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Cropping a Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Washing a Region to White or Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iv

5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-7
5-7
5-8

By Reversing a Region to Negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Undoing Edit Changes..................................
Clearing All of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-9
5-10
5-11

6 Storing and Transmitting Image Files
Creating a File Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Open Files......................................
'lb Save Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Mail Displayed Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Quit a DECimage Scan Software Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Exit a DECimage Scan Software Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-5
6-6
6-6

7 Getting Help Online
Using the Help Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the DECimage Scan Software Help Menu Bar. . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Save a Help Screen to a File........................
'lb Select All of a Help Screen for Filing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb View Help 'lbpics.................................
'lb Search Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By 'I'i.tle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'lb Get Instructions on Using Help Menus................

7-1
7-3
7-4
7-4
7-4
7-5
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8

A DECimage Scan Software Error Messages
Software Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A-1
A-1

B Using DECwindows
Using the Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Items from Pull-Down Menus.....................
Choosing Items from Submenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Items from Pop-Up Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Items from Option Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplying Information in Dialog Boxes .................... ".
Moving in a Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B-1
B-3
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-6
B-8

Making Selections from List Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Size of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shrinking Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expanding Icons to Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stacking Overlapping Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Making Stacked Windows Stick in Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
· Releasing Windows Locked in the Stacking Order . . . . . . . . . .
Editing 'I'ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting 'I'ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying 'I'ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving 'I'ext Between Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting 'I'ext with Pending Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'I'ext Editing Key Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Composing Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Invoking Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigating in Help..................................
Searching Help for Titles and Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting from Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Putting a Session on Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-8
8-9
8-10
8-11
B-12
8-13
8-13
8-13
8-14
B-14
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-17
B-17
8-19
8-19
8-20
B-21
B-22
8-23
8-23
8-24

DECwindows Start Session Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECwindows Session Manager and DECterm Windows . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software Edit Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software Commands Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software Customize Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software Help Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialog Boxes Affected by Save Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Display Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halftone Image at Differing Percentages of Magnification . . . . . . . .
Scan Window with Magnify Off............................
Scan Window with Magnify On and Scaled View Enabled . . . . . . . .
Delivery Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-1
2-2
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-6
3-2
3-3
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8

Glossary
Figures
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6

3-7
3-8
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4

4-5
4-6

4-7
4-8
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
6-1
6-2
6-3
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6

7-7
A-1

Save Current Settings Dialog Box ......................... .
Restore Settings Dialog Box .............................. .
Halftone Image Scanned and Rendered from Continuous Tune
Photograph ........................................... .
Gray Scale Image File .................................. .
Color Image File Displayed as Bitonal ...................... .
Scanner Selection Dialog Box ............................. .
Scanner Setup Dialog Box ............................... .
Scanner Frame Setup Dialog Box ......................... .
Using the Rubberband Box to Define a Scan Frame ........... .
Using the Rubberband Box to Define Windows ............... .
Rotate Dialog Box •.....................................
A Landscape Image in Portrait Orientation .................. .
Image Rotated to Landscape Orientation .................... .
Image Before and After Cropping ......................... .
Image Areas Washed to White and Black ................... .
Image with Two Areas Reversed .......................... .
Open AB Dialog Box .................................... .
Save AB Dialog Box .................................... .
DECimage Scan Mail: Create Dialog Box ................... .
Help Overview Window ................................. .
Help About Window .................................... .
Help Save As... Dialog Box .............................. .
Search 'lbpic History Window ............................. .
Search 'lbpic Titles Window .............................. .
Search 'lbpic Keywords Window ........................... .
Using Help Window .................................... .
Error Message Dialog Box ............................... .

3-12
3-13
4-2
4-3
4-4

4-5
4-7
4-11
4-13
4-14

5-3
5-4
5-6

5-8
5-9
5-10

6-2
6-3
6-5
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7~7

7-8
A-2

Tables
4-1
4-2
A-1
A-2

DECimage Scan Software Page Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scan Frame Settings for Page Sizes.........................
DECwindows Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECimage Scan Software Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-10
4-16
A-1
A-2

vii

About This Guide

Purpose of This Guide
This guide describes the DECimage Scan Software for VMS
product and how you can use it to electronically scan, store, and
mail digitized image files.

Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is intended for the user of DECimage Scan Software
and assumes a familiarity with digital image processing and
the operation of DECwindows products. For a summary of some
basic DECwindows techniques, refer to Appendix B in this guide.

Structure of This Guide
This guide contains the following chapters:
Chapter 1

Introduces DECimage Scan Software features,
and necessary prerequisites for their use.

Chapter 2

Provides instructions on how to start DECimage
Scan Software.

Chapter 3

Explains the DECimage Scan Software scanner
setup options.

Chapter 4

Explains the scan command, the halftone
and scanning enhancement options, and the
selection of the scan frame and windows.

Chapter 5

Discusses the modification of scanned images.

Chapter 6

Discusses filing and transmitting scanned
images.

Chapter 7

Discusses getting online help.

Appendix A

Presents a reference table of DECimage
Scan Software error messages and associated
corrective actions.

Appendix B

Presents an introduction to using DECwindows.

Glossary

Provides an alphabetical listing of terms used in
this guide.

Index

For More Information
In addition to this guide, the DECimage Scan Software
documentation set contains the following:

• DECimage Scan Software for VMS Release Notes
• DECimage Scan Software for VMS Installation Guide
• DCL IMAGE User's Guide
• DCL IMAGE Quick Reference Card
Other related documents include:

• DECwindows lns'tallation Guide
• DECwindows User's Guide
• MD300 Scanner lns'tallation I Owner's Manual

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this guide:
Convention

Meaning

mouse

The term mouse is used to refer to any pointing
device, such as a mouse, a puck, or a stylus.

MBl, MB2, MB3

MBl indicates the left mouse button, MB2
indicates the middle mouse button, and MB3
indicates the right mouse button. (The buttons can
be redefined by the user.)
A key name is shown enclosed to indicate that you
press a key on the keyboard.

blue-green ink

Blue-green ink in figures indicates information
that you must enter from the keyboard or a screen
object you must choose or click on.

boldface text

Boldface text represents the introduction of a new
term, defined in the Glossary section of this guide.
Uppercase letters indicate that you must enter a
command (for example, enter OPEN/READ).

UPPERCASE

New and Changed Features
The name of this product has been changed from VAXimage
Scanning Application to DECimage Scan Software. The following
changes have been made from Version 1.0 of the software:

Changes
• Startup by using the following DCL command:
$ IMAGE INTERACTIVE

• The rubberband box can be defined in either the Scaled View
or Scan window

Enhancements
• At application startup time the default settings file is
automatically opened and the settings applied to the cUITent
session.
• Addition of a Cut option to the Edit menu to allow a user to
copy a region to the clipboard and clear the defined region to
white.

• A Clear All option has been added to the edit menu to allow
a user to clear the image data from the display window to
allow resizing the Scan window and altering the magnification
without redisplaying the image.
• Additions to Customize menu to allow the user to save and
restore working settings to named files.
• Additions to File menu to prompt for saving files before
quitting a session.
• Slider bars have been added to the Magnify option in the
customize display settings dialog box.
• Slider bars and direction options have been added to the
Rotate dialog box.
• The Scaled View window is now selectable on or off as an
option during magnify.
• Improved halftoning.

Version Incompatibility
The settings parameter file from Version 1.0;
SYS$LOGIN:PSCAN$VALS.DAT

has been superseded in this release by the following settings
default file:
DECW$USER_DEFAULTS:ISA$SETTINGS.DAT

xii

1
Introduction to DECimage Scan Software
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the DECimage Scan
Software product.

What Is DECimage Scan Software?
DECimage Scan Software is an electronic scanning program you
can use for image acquisition of digital images from paper or
film originals. You can manipulate these images on a workstation
screen and store or distribute the modified files. You can also use
other image capable devices, such as printers, and applications,
such as DCL IMAGE to render and adjust revisable form
image files.

What Is Needed to Run DECimage Scan Software?
You can use DECimage Scan Software on any workstation
running Digital's DECwindows software in a VMS or ULTRIX
environment. 'lb scan originals, you must also have at least one
Digital MD300 scanner connected as an image input device on
the same network.
You can also use DECimage Scan Software to manipulate images
that have been scanned in Digital Document Interchange
Format (DDIF) on other scanners.
A workstation is needed to scan and modify images. However,
they can be filed in formats that you can view on any bitmapped
terminal screen. They can also be printed to a sixel or
PostScript printer, either alone, or as part of another application
which incorporates sixel files.

Introduction to DEClmage Scan Software

1-1

What Can You Do with DECimage Scan Software?
DECimage Scan Software lets you create an electronic image from
a scanned page. Operational features let you:
• Scan with either a local or remote scanner
• Scan single or multiple pages
• File scanned images automatically
• Adjust image resolution
• Halftone images during scanning
• Adjust image brightness and contrast when scanning in
halftone mode
• Revise the \scanned image by cropping, washing, reversing,
rotating, cutting, and pasting

Before Using DECimage Scan Software
Before attempting to use the DECimage Scan Software:
• You must have DECwindows installed and operating on your
workstation. If it is not, refer to the DECwindows Installation
Guide for instructions.
• You must know how to use DECwindows. If you are
not familiar with DECwindows operation, refer to the
DECwindows User's Guide to familiarize yourself with the
overall operation of DECwindows. For a brief introduction to
using DECwindows, you can refer to Appendix B in this guide.
• You must have DECimage Scan Software installed on your
workstation. If it is not, refer to the DECimage Scan So'ftware
Installation Guide for instructions.
• Your MD300 scanner must be completely installed and
operational. If it is not, refer to the MD300 Scanner
Installation I Owner's Manual for instructions.

1-2 Introduction to DEClmage Scan Software

2
Getting Started
This chapter discusses how to start a DECwindows session and
how to use DECimage Scan Software windows, dialog boxes, and
menus. Because DECimage Scan Software is a DECwindows
application, you should be familiar with the use of DECwindows
before attempting to scan, modify, store, or transmit images. For
an introduction to the DECwindows techniques you use with
DECimage Scan Software, refer to Appendix B in this guide.

Starting a DECwindows Session
If the workstation system startup procedure has been successful,
your screen should appear as shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1

DECwindows Start Session Dialog Box

Start Session
Username l_I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Password - - - - - - - - - -

I Clear I
© Digital Equipment Corporation. 1988,1989.
All Rights Reserved.

Getting Started 2-1

Note If the DECwindows Screen Saver has been enabled, you may have
to move the mouse to display the Start Session dialog box. If your
workstation is on and you cannot display the Start Session box,
ask your sys'lem manager for help.

To log in on the DECwindows Start Session dialog box:
1

Type in your usemame and press @ilifuij.

Type in your password.
To preserve the secrecy of your password, the letters you type
are not displayed on the screen.

Click MBl on the OK push button, or press @ilifuij.

When you have completed your login procedure, the Session
Manager window appears. To get a DECterm window on the
screen as shown in Figure 2-2, use the following procedure:

Figure 2-2

Point the mouse to Applications on the title bar of the Session
Manager window.

Press and hold MBl and pull down the Applications menu.

Drag the mouse to DECterm and release MBl.

DECwindows Session Manager and DECterm Windows

Session Manager:
Session Appllcatlons

Customize

Print Screen
Messages

2-2 Getting started

Starting a DECimage Scan Software Session
You can start a DECimage Scan Software session, using Digital
Command Language (DCL). 'lb initialize DECimage Scan
Software using DCL, type the following command at the dollar
sign ($) prompt in the DECterm window and press IReturn~
$ IMAGE INTERACTIVE

Note l'bu can initialize more than one DECimage Scan Software session

during any DECwindows session. However, you should be aware
that initializing more than one DECimage Scan Software session
can slow sys'tem performance.

Using the DECimage Scan Software Menu Bar
'lb use the DECimage Scan Software options, you make selections
from the pull-down menus shown in Figure 2-3 through
Figure 2-7.
Note When any of the menu options displayed on a pull-down menu are

gray, the option cannot be accessed because a necessary previous
step has not been completed. For example, all Edit options are
gray when an image is not displayed in the DECimage Scan
Software window because they cannot be used without an image.
7b activate the Edit options, you must either scan an image or
restore an image from a file.

Getting Started 2-3

The functions of the DECimage Scan Software pull-down menus
are as follows:
• Use the File menu (Figure 2-3) to store or mail the scanned
image and to terminate the DECimage Scan Software session.
For more information, refer to Chapter 6, Storing and
Transmitting Image Files.
Figure 2-3

DECimage Scan Software File Menu

yclmage Scan Software: © Digital Equipment Corp. 1988, 1989 1051
Edit

Commands

Customize

Open As ...

Help
0

Save As •••
Mall To •••
Quit
Exit

<i L

10 0

• Use the Edit menu (Figure 2-4) to modify the scanned image.
For more information, refer to Chapter 5, Modifying Scanned
Images.
Figure 2-4

DECimage Scan Software Edit Menu

~ DEClmage Scan Software: © Digital Equipment Corp. 1988, 1989 lb:!:lii
Fiie

11111

Commands

Customize

Undo

..................................

Help

0
,....

Rotate Image •••
Crop Region
Wash Region
Reverse Region

..................................

Cut
Copy
Paste
Cleat· all

<i (

2-4 Getting Started

0
OD

• Use the Commands menu (Figure 2-5) to make general
scanner settings, to select scan frame and window
dimensions, and to scan a document. For more information,
refer to Chapter 4, Scanning Images.
Figure 2-5
-

DECimage Scan Software Commands Menu

DEClmage Scan Software: © Digital Equipment Corp. 1988, 1989 lb!lllil
Fiie
Edit
~-.
Customize
Help
0
Select Scanner•..

Scan

J ~~~~~~-~-·--~-~~~~·::.
]
Frame Setup ...

_pi> 0

¢L

• Use the Customize menu (Figure 2-6) to make display and
delivery settings. For more information, refer to Chapter 3,
Customizing Image Display and Delivery.
Figure 2-6

DECimage Scan Software Customize Menu

{gl DEClmage Scan Software: © Digital Equipment Corp. 1988, 1989 IQll!ii
I
Help
Fiie
Edit
Commands
0
Display Settings .•.
Delivery
Settings
...
......................................
Save Current Settings
Save Current Settings .•.
Restore Settings
Resto1·e Settings ...
Use Default Settings
¢[

~
0

JI i> 0

Getting Started 2-5

• Use the Help menu (Figure 2-7) to find information about how
to use the DECimage Scan Software menu items. For more
information, refer to Chapter 7, Getting Help Online.

Figure 2-7

DECimage Scan Software Help Menu

DEClmage Scan Software: © Digital Equipment Corp. 1988, 1989

File

Edit

Commands

Customize

Terminating a DECimage Scan Software Session
Open As ...
SW,1(~ ,<\s,,,

Mall To ...

Quit
Exit

When you are finished using DECimage Scan Software, you
can terminate a session by choosing Quit or Exit from the File
pull-down menu. If you choose Quit, and you have not saved the
scanned or modifed image to a file, DECimage Scan Software will
prompt you to ask if you want to terminate the session without
saving your work. You may then terminate the DECwindows
session, or you may initialize another DECwindows application.

Terminating a DECwindows Session
Pause
Quit

2-6 Getting Started

You may terminate the DECwindows session by choosing Quit
from the Session pulldown menu in the Session Manager window.

3
Customizing Image Display and Delivery
You may want to change the way the scanner reads an image, or
displays it on your terminal. For example, if you have a sheet
feeder on your scanner, you can customize the DECimage Scan
Software to scan multiple pages and give each one a distinct
file name. Or, if you want to closely examine an image, you can
customize DECimage Scan Software to display a magnified image
in the scan window. This chapter describes how to use the
Customize menu to make these types of changes.
Display Settings .. .
Delivery Settings .. .
Save Current Settings
Save Cut·rent Settings ••.
Restore Settings
Restore Settings ...
Use Default Settings

The Customize menu allows you to streamline the process of
scanning and viewing images by adjusting both the Display and
Delivery Settings and storing them as the defaults for multiple
pages. You can also use the Customize menu to save the settings
made when customizing scanner setup and framing using the
Commands menu, as described in Chapter 4.
Therefore, while becoming familiar with the Customize options,
you should also understand the relationship between Customize
settings and other menu options.
Some of the options on the Customize menu open up dialog boxes
when selected. Each of these is identified by three periods (. .. )
to indicate an interactive option. The remaining three, Save
Settings, Restore Settings, and Use Default Settings, take effect
immediately.
'lb use the Display and Delivery Settings dialog boxes, to save

settings, to restore previously saved settings, or to use the default
settings, pull down the Customize menu and click MBl to select
the options described in the following sections.

Customizing Image Dlsplay and Dellvery 3-1

Using the Customize Menu Without Opening Dialog Boxes
The Save Settings, Restore Settings, and Use Default Settings
options can all be selected from the Customize pull-down
menu. Each execution of Save Settings or Restore Settings uses
the settings on all five dialog boxes as shown in Figure 3-1.
Therefore, you should check all of these settings before choosing
Save Settings or Restore Settings.
Figure 3-1

Dialog Boxes Affected by Save Settings

Scanner Frame Setup

<fl Inches

l<t> Scan Framej

IO Window 1
IO Window 2

Dellvet·y Settings •••

Left

Right

Scan Mode:

10.13~

la.5011

Scan Pages:

11.6611

,6.71~

Fiie:

16.87~

Delivery:

16.081

I Single O Multiple I
(f)

I
Idefault_name_of_a_flle.lm~
1J

:::========-~~~~~~~---.

Compression:

Scanner Setup

I<t Auto O Manual I
I None O G42D O G32D 0 G31 I
(f)

~~I cancel I
u.uu;.

t!J I
75 100 150 180 200 240 300

0
-20

rame
12

I<fl On 0 Off I
Scaled View: I0 on <fl Off I
100

l!I
-20

10% <---- 100% ----> 200%

-40 -20 0 20 40

I<fl A 0 A4 0 Legal I
I<fl Line Art 0 Halftone I

'Th apply any of the following options directly, pull down the
Customize menu, point to the option, and release MBl.

3-2 Customizing Image Display and Delivery

To Save Current Settings
Selecting Save Settings automatically saves all of the current
settings of all the Display and Delivery Settings dialog boxes.

To Restore Previously Saved Settings
Selecting Restore Settings automatically restores the settings
saved from the previous use of Save Settings on all of the Display
Settings and Delivery Settings dialog boxes. You can use this to
clear· the settings you just made if they do not turn out the way
you wanted them.

To Use the Factory Default Settings
Selecting Use Default Settings automatically restores all of the
settings from the initial installation of the DECimage Scan
Software.

Using the Display Settings Dialog Box
The Display Settings dialog box (Figure 3-2) allows you to enlarge
the image displayed in the Scan window, and provide a Scaled
View window for localizing the viewing area of the displayed
image.
Figure 3-2

Display Settings Dialog Box

Display Settings .••
Magnify:
Scaled View:

l@on 0 onl

I0 on @Off I
100

10% <----100%----> 200%

[]El ~ I Cancel I
If you make any changes from the current settings, click on the
Apply push button to see the revised display. While the image is
being revised, the title bar of the Scan window will display the
following message:

I' Preparing Image for display
You can then preview the revised image and decide if the settings
are what you want. If you are satisfied, enable the dialog box by

Customizing Image Display and Delivery 3-3

clicking MBl on the OK push button. If the revised display is not
what you want, adjust the percentage or settings and click on the
Apply push button again, or click on the Cancel push button to go
back to the original settings.
Note When the sys'lem is working to modity the display of the image, the

cursor symbol should change from an arrow to a watch. However,
if the cursor is still positioned in the dialog box, the normal cursor
may be displayed. If you are not sure whether the display is still
being modified, move the cursor into the Scan window and see if it
turns into a watch.
If you decide to keep the modified display settings for additional
images, pull down the Customize menu and release MBl on the
Save Settings option. Once chosen, the settings will become the
new default settings. Unless the custom settings are saved with
Save Settings they will be erased when the session is terminated.

To Magnify the Display
You can customize the display to preview an enlarged or reduced
version of a scanned image by selecting Magnify in the Display
Settings dialog box and adjusting the slider bar from 10 to 200%.
Magnify:

l•on 0 offj

At the highest resolution settings, a 200% enlargement would
allow you to closely examine the quality of a scanned image.
However, the degree of magnification varies with the resolution
setting in the Scanner Setup dialog box (see Figure 4-5) and the
resolution of your monitor screen.

3-4 Customizing Image Dlsplay and Delivery

When you are displaying images screened in halftone mode, you
may have to experiment with different percentages in the Display
Settings dialog box. Figure 3-3 shows an image file displayed at
different percentages. The one on the left has some undesirable
patterns displayed at 37%. The one on the right is the same
file displayed at 45%. In either case, the image file, although
scanned at a resolution 300 dots per inch (dpi), is displayed at
the resolution of the display device at 75 or 100 dpi. Refer to
Figure 4-1 to see the image shown in Figure 3-3 rendered to a
PostScript output at 300 dpi.
Figure 3-3

Halftone Image at Differing Percentages of Magnification

I• On 0 Off I
Scaled View: I0 on • Off I
Magnify:

Magnify:
Scaled View:

l!J

[f)

I• On 0 Off I
I0 on • Off I

10% <---- 100% ----> 200%

~~I cancel I

[]BJI ~ I Cancel I

Customizing Image Display and Delivery 3-5

Figure 3-4 shows an image in the Scan window with Magnify
off. When Magnify is on, only a portion of the magnified image
displays in the Scan window. Figure 3-5 shows image in the Scan
window with Magnify on and Scaled View enabled. To pan the
display and view selected portions of the enlarged image, drag the
mouse on the scroll bar sliders at the bottom and right sides of the
window, or turn on the Scaled View option and use the reference
box to select an area to view.
SCan Window with Magnify Off

Figure 3-4

DEClmage Scan: USERBS:[WARD.UTOX]WATERMELON.DDIF;l
Fiie

Edit

Commands

Customize

Help

To Open a Scaled View Window
Setting the Scaled View option to On provides you with an
additional window for localizing the viewing area of a displayed
image.
Scaled View:

I(f)

o Off I

3-6 Customizing Image Display and Delivery

This enables you to control what portion of the scanned image is
displayed in the Scan window. The small box shown in the Scaled
View window in Figure 3-5 is the reference box. The reference
box outlines the magnified portion shown in the Scan window.
Figure 3-5

Scan Window with Magnify On and Scaled View Enabled

DEClmage Scan: USERBS:[WARD.UTOX]WATERMELON.DDIF;l
Fiie

Edit

Commands

Customize

I@ on Ootfj
Scaled View: I@ on o Off I
100

[f]

==:::J

10% <----100%----> 200%

You can use one of the following methods to move the reference
box and display different portions of the image:
• Scroll the enlarged image by dragging or clicking the slider,
the scroll bar, or the arrows on the bottom or side of the
window. The reference box will follow the positioning of the
image.
• Move the pointer to the reference box in the Scaled View
window, press and hold MB2, drag the box to the new location,
and then release MB2.

Customizing Image Display and Delivery 3-7

Note When the pointer is inside the reference box, and MB2 is

pressed, the cursor should change from an arrow to a box.
If the cursor does not change, release MB2, move the pointer
inside the reference box, and press MB2 again.

To Adjust the Percentage of Magnification
The slider bar in the Display Settings dialog box allows you to
view the image at a range of sizes from 10 to 200%. This option
is only available when Magnify is set to On. 'lb change the
percentage of magnification in the Scan window, point the cursor
on the percentage slider, press MBl, and drag the mouse up or
down the scale.
100

l!I
10% <----100% ----> 200%

When the number you want is displayed, release MBl. 'lb view
the image at the selected percentage, click on the Apply push
button. The Scan window will repaint the scanned image to the
display. If you want to use that size, click on the OK push button.

Using the Delivery Settings Dialog Box
The Delivery Settings dialog box (Figure 3-6) gives you the
option of automatically scanning single or multiple images in a
compressed or uncompressed format. You can also specify the
number of pages to be scanned and assign a file name to be
created automatically.
Delivery Settings Dialog Box

Figure 3-6

Delivery settings ...
Scan Mode:

I• Single O Multiple I

Scan Pages:

l1I

Fiie:

lwATEIMELON.DDlti

::::======--~~~~~~----.

lO Auto e Manual I
Compression: I• None O G42D O G32D O G31D I

Delivery:

[][]I ~ I Cancel I

3-8 Customizing Image Display and Dellvery

Delivery Settings options are defined by setting radio and push
buttons, except for the Scan Pages and File options, which have
text entry fields. However, the changes you make do not take
effect until you enter them by clicking on the OK push button.
These settings will remain in effect for the rest of the current
scanning session, or until you go in and change them again. 'lb
exit the dialog box without keeping the changes, click on the
Cancel push button. Unless the custom settings are saved with
Save Settings, they will be erased when the session is terminated.

To Select the Scan Mode
The Scan Mode radio buttons allow you to choose Single if you are
only scanning one document at a time, or Multiple if you want to
scan successive documents using the same setup.
Scan Mode:

IO Single <fl Multiple I

This option tells DECimage Scan Software if it must assign
sequential file names to successive documents. If you have an
Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) installed on the MD300
scanner, you can select Multiple and scan up to 50 consecutive
pages (the limit of the ADF) automatically.
Note If you do not have an ADF installed on your scanner, you can still

set the Scan Mode to Multipk (if the scanner is within reach of
your workstation and you can hand-feed successive documents into
the scanner). Be sure to allow each page to go all the way through
the scanner before adding the next one.
Because the Scan window is disabled when scanning multiple
images, you may want to scan a single page first to see if all of the
settings are satisfactory. Scan Mode must be set to Multiple with
Delivery set to Auto and a file name entered in the File text field.
If you want to view the image, you must select Single Scan mode.
Note When scanning multiple pages in Auto Delivery mode, the last

page scanned will display in the Scan window.

Customizing Image Dlsplay and Dellvery 3-9

To Set the Number of Pages to Scan
If Delivery is set to Auto, Scan Pages lets you set the number
of pages to be scanned when Scan Mode is set to Multiple, and
Delivery is set to Auto.
Scan Pages:

1_0I_ ____,

...._I

'lb enter the number of pages to be scanned, click MBl on the
Scan Pages text entry field. Then type the numeric entry on the
keyboard and press IReturn I. When Delivery is set to Manual,
the Scan Pages field is ignored and each image must be filed
separately using the Save As from the File menu.

To Assign File Names Automatically
The File text entry field lets you create the name of the file in
which each scanned image will be stored. If you have set Delivery
to Auto, you can then scan multiple pages without using Save As
from the File menu for each image. DECimage Scan Software will
give each page a unique file name by adding an underscore and a
number to each image file.
Fiie:

IisASIMAGE.IMG I

For example, if you use MUMBLE.IMG in the File field and
scan four pages, you will get four files labeled MUMBLE_l.IMG
through MUMBLE_4.IMG. This option is particularly useful
during multiple page, automatic scanning sessions.
'lb enter a file name, click MBl in the File text entry field. Then
type the file specification, for example, MYSCAN.IMG, on the
keyboard and press~·
Note Each time you scan in Multiple Scan Mode, the automatic file

naming counter is reset. For example, if you scan four pages you
will get FILENAME_l.IMG;l through FILENAME_4.IMG;l. If
you scan an additional four pages, you will have two versions of
each file, FILENAME_l.IMG;l, FILENAME_l.IMG;2.
However, the Open File dialog box will only display a directory of
the most recent versions, unless you add ;* to the name in the File
Filter text entry field. For more information, see Chapter 6.

3-10 Customizing Image Dlsplay and Dellvery

To Choose Automatic or Manual Delivery
The Delivery lets you choose between automatic or manual filing
of images. For Manual Delivery, you must use Save As from the
File menu for each image. For Auto Delivery, you must also enter
a file name in the File field.
Delivery:

I@ Auto

0 Manual I

Auto Delivery is particularly useful during multiple page,
automatic scanning sessions.

To Compress Data In an Image File
The Compression option allows you to save the image file in a
compressed format for more efficient storage and transmission.
DECimage Scan Software uses standards of image compression
set by the Comite Consultatif Internationale Telegraphique
et Telephonique (CCITr). There are three different CCITT
compression types to choose from: group 42D, group 32D and
group 31D.
Compression:

j (f) None O C42D O C32D O C31 D

By compressing an image you can save storage space when saving
or mailing files, or when writing portions of an image file to the
DECwindows clipboard.
Note Choose None for Compression when scanning in halftone mode.

Using the Save and Restore Settings Dialog Boxes
The Save Current Settings and Restore Settings options allow you
to save the current settings to a data file, or choose the settings
previously saved in a data file. Using the Save Current Settings
dialog box (Figure 3-7), you can assign a file name unique to your
application, or even for a given type of image. When you want to
impose those settings on a future session, you select that settings
file from the list displayed in the Restore Settings dialog box.

Customizing Image Dlsplay and Delivery 3-11

Figure 3-7

Save Current Settings Dialog Box

Save Current Settings

File Filter
II"'.dat
Flies In USERB$:[WARD]
~]DECW$SM_COLOR.DAT;36

Filter

~]DECW$SM_GENERAL.DAT;35

~]DECW$TERMINALDEFAULT.DAT;7

~]DECW$TERMIN_DEFAULT.DAT;1

Cancel

I
I
I

~]DECW$WINMGRSAVE.DAT;6
~]DECW$XDEFAULTS.DAT;2
~]ISA$SAVE.DAT;1
~]ISA$SETTINGS.DAT;24

JI> 0

<i
Selection

I1sa$cucurblt.datf
Use the following procedure to save current settings to a file:
Pull down the Customize menu and click MBl on Save
Current Settings...
The Save Current Settings dialog box (Figure 3-7) appears.

Display Settings •••
Dellve1·y Settings •••
Save Cm·rent Settings
Save Current Settings •••

If necessary, to change the directory, do the following:

Restore Settings
Restore Settings •••
Use Default Settings

Click MBl on the File Filter text entry field.

Enter the directory specification.

c Click MBl on the Filter push button to apply.
3

Show the directory list of files by dragging or clicking the
slider, the scroll bar, or the arrows on the bottom or side of the
dialog box.
You may then select an existing file to store your settings in,
or create a new one.

'lb select an existing file, point to one of the listed files and
double click MBl.

'lb create. a new settings file, do the following:

a Click MBl on the Selection text entry field.
b

Enter the new settings file name.

c Click MBl on the OK push button.

3-12 Customizing Image Display and Delivery

The Restore Settings dialog box (Figure 3-8) lets you recall
previous custom settings stored with Save Settings. 'lb restore the
previous settings, pull down the Customize menu, point to Restore
Settings and release MBl.
Figure 3-8

Restore Settings Dialog Box

Restore Settings
File Filter

I*.da~
Flies In USERB$:[WARD]
]DECW$TERMINAL_DEFAULT.DAT;7

]DECW$TERMIN_DEFAULT.DAT;1

I Filter
II

]DECW$WINMGRSAVE.DAT;6

I Ca11cel I

]DECW$XDEFAULTS.DAT;2
]ISA$SAVE.DAT;1
>]ISA$SmlNGS.DAT;24

]VISA$VALS.DAT;2
]VSA$XDEFAULTS.DAT;l

(> 0
Selection

•sA$SETTINGS.DAT;24

Use the following procedure to use a stored settings file:
Pull down the Customize menu and click MBl on Restore
Settings...
The Restore Settings dialog box (Figure 3-8) appears.

Display Settings •••
Delivery Settings •••
Save Cm·rent Settings
Save Current Settings •••

If necessary, to change the directory, do the following:

Restore Settings
Restot·e Settings ...
Use Default Settings

Click MBl on the File Filter text entry field.

Enter the directory specification.

c Click MBl on the Filter push button to apply.
3

Scroll the list of files by dragging or clicking the slider, the
scroll bar, or the arrows on the side of the dialog box.

Select the file to contain the current settings by pointing to
one of the listed files and double clicking MBl. The :file name
will display in the Selection text entry field.

Click MBl on the OK push button.

Customizing Image Display and Delivery 3-13

4
Scanning Images
Before you scan in an image, there are several options you should
review. Are you scanning for line art or halftone? What page
size are you feeding to the scanner? You might also want to
identify which remote scanner you are using. There are also
several adjustments you can make to control the quality of the
scanned image and select portions of an original for different
treatments.
This chapter discusses the difference between line art and
continuous tone images and describes how to use the Commands
pull-down menu to select a scanner and modify the way it will
read an image.

Types of Images
Although the MD300 scanner is only capable of reading original
images as bitonal (black and white), DECimage Scan Software is
capable of converting these images to either line art or halftone
form.

Line Art Originals
Text and graphic information with clearly defined areas of high
contrast are best suited for line art mode. In line art mode, the
scanner sees each part of the image as either black or white.
Any gray areas are changed to either black or white. Examples
include typewritten or typeset pages, engineering drawings, and
handwritten documents.

Printed halftones of resolution less than 1200 dpi should also
be scanned in line art mode to preserve the original halftone
screening and avoid moire patterns or other undesirable effects.

Scanning Images 4-1

Continuous Tone Originals
Photographs or drawings that include continuous tone information
are best scanned in halftone mode. Although gray areas are still
changed to black and white, halftone mode produces an illusion
of gray by using different patterns of black dots. An example of a
photograph scanned in halftone mode and rendered to PostScript
output using DCL IMAGE is shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1

4-2 Scanning Images

Halftone Image Scanned and Rendered from
Continuous Tone Photograph

Printed halftones of higher resolution (more than 1200 dpi), such
as those pictures printed in some specialized publications or on
high-resolution printers, should be scanned in halftone mode as if
they were continuous tone.

Combinations of Line Art and Continuous Tone
If you have originals that combine continuous tone or
high-resolution halftones with text or line art, they can be scanned
together in complementary modes. You can define windows in the
Scanner Frame Setup dialog box to read selected areas in the
opposite mode, either line art or halftone, from the one chosen in
the Scanner Setup dialog box.

Gray Scale Image Files
DECimage Scan Software can be used to display and modify
higher quality (gray scale) images, such as x-rays, from other
sources rendered in DDIF format. An example of a gray scale
image file is shown in Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2

Gray Scale Image File

Scanning Images 4-3

Color Image Files
The MD300 scanner is not capable of digitizing a continuous tone
color original to a color image file. It is only capable of creating
a digitized, bitonal image. However, DECimage Scan Software
can be used to display and modify multispectral color images
from other sources rendered in DDIF format, and is capable of
dithering the image to represent the chrominance information
in a bitonal mode on a monochrome workstation or display
device. Figure 4-3 shows a color image displayed as bitonal.
Figure 4-3

Color Image File Displayed as Bitonal

4-4 Scanning Images

Using the Commands Menu
Select Scanner•••
Setup Scanner
Scan

The Commands pull-down menu allows you to determine how the
scanner will provide information to the DECimage Scan Software.
By choosing and setting options on various dialog boxes, you can
select a scanner and set it up to read originals of different types
and sizes, and control the format and resolution of the image. Two
of these options, General Setup and Frame Setup, interact with
options on the Customize menu. Therefore, before using any of
the options on the Commands menu, you should be familiar with
the Customize options described in Chapter 3.

To Select the Scanner
The Select Scanner option lets you access and control a local or
remote scanner. 'lb select a scanner, do the following:
Press and hold MBl. Pull down the Commands menu, point
to Select Scanner... and release MBl.
The Scanner Selection dialog box (Figure 4-4) displays
the identifier of the scanner. If you are using the default
scanner connected to the system running the DECimage Scan
Software, it should be LDAO.
2

Click MBl on the OK push button to accept the default of
LDAO, or, if you are using a scanner on a remote node, click
MBl on the Scanner text entry field and type the node::device
identifier for a remote scanner.

Click MBl on the OK push button to use the scanner shown
in the text entry field, or click on the Cancel push button to
revert to the default scanner.

Figure 4-4

Scanner Selection Dialog Box

Scannet· Selection

Scanner:

Inode::LDAO I

~~I cancel I

Scanning Images 4-5

To Scan Documents
The Scan option allows you to scan a document directly to a
file, when in auto delivery mode, or to the Scan window for
checking and modifying, when in manual delivery mode. (Refer
to Chapter 3 to select the delivery mode settings.) To scan a
document, press MBl, pull down the Commands menu and click
MBl on the Scan option.
Notes Use of the Scan optwn assumes you have access to an operational

scanner. For scanner ins'tallatwn and operating instructwns, refer
to the MD300 Scanner Installation/Owner's Manual
Documents to be scanned should be placed in the feeder face down
with the top of the page positioned to feed first. If you should get a
Fa'tal Drive Error message, check to see if the document is jammed
in the feeder.

To Modify the General Setup of the Scanner
I ~~neral Setup... I
Frame Setup ...

The Scanner Setup dialog box (Figure 4-5) lets you adjust the
resolution, contrast, brightness and grain of an image. In routine
scanning operations, you will probably choose the default values
for these four enhancement options. However, adjusting the
settings can improve the quality of some images. You also use the
Scanner Setup dialog box to select the page size of the originals
and specify scanning in line art or halftone mode.
In some scanning applications, you will use both the General
Setup dialog box (Figure 4-5) and the Frame Setup dialog box
(Figure 4-6). Therefore, it is important that you understand
the relationship between the two dialog boxes before changing
any General Setup settings, especially if you are going to scan
combined line art and halftone images.

4-6 Scanning Images

Figure 4-5

Scanner Setup Dialog Box

I Scanner Setup
300
Resolution:

ff1 I

75100 150 180 200 240 300
0
Brightness:

I
-20

[!]
12

0
Contrast:

[!]

-20

I
20

0
Grain:

l!l

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Page Size:
Scan Mode:

l•A

0A4

0 Legal

I• Line Art 0 Halftone I

[El) ~ I Cancel I
Use the following procedure to adjust the Scanner Setup dialog
box options:
Pull down the Commands menu, point to the Setup Scanner
option and pull aside to the General Setup option.
Select Scanner..•
General Setu ...
Scan

Frame Setup ...

Release MBl. The Scanner Setup dialog box will appear.

Drag MBl on the slider bars for resolution, contrast,
brightness, and grain. Release MBl when the setting you
want is displayed.

Note Al,l of the slider bars in the Scanner Setup dialog box jump

to the nearest appropria'le setting (displayed below the slider)
when MBl is released.
4

Choose Page Size and Mode by clicking MBl on the
appropriate radio button: A, A4, or Legal.

Scanning Images 4-7

Click MBl on the OK push button to accept the displayed
settings, or click on the Cancel push button to revert to the
previously saved settings.

You can save these settings with the Save Current Settings option
from the Customize pull-down menu as described in Chapter 3.
The Resolution option lets you choose
preset sampling resolutions for the scanner. For images that
require a high resolution, such as halftones, choose· from the high
end of the scale.

To Adjust the Resolution

240

[f]

Resolutlon:

75100150180 200 240 300

This will give a better quality result with sharp definition, but at
the expense of time and data storage. If the image is only going
to be screened and checked for informational content, choose from
the lower end of the scale for a quicker result and more efficient
use of storage space.
Note The Resolution scanning range is displayed in dots per unit. The

unit of measurement is determined by the Units setting in the
Frame Setup dialog box.
If the Units radio button in the Frame Setup dialog box has been
set to Inches, the range of the Resolution slider bar will be from
75 to 300 dots per inch (dpi). If Units has been set to Centimeters,
the range will be from 30to 118 dots per centimeter (dpc).
To Adjust the Brightness The Brightness option works like the
brightness adjustment on a computer terminal or a television
screen. The five possible adjustments are -20, -12, 0, 12, and 20;
the higher the setting the brighter the image.
0

[f]

Brightness:
-20

You can use brightness adjustment to lighten dark images.
High brightness adjustments tend to counteract high contrast
adjustments.

4-8 Scanning Images

To Adjust the Contrast The contrast option works like the
contrast adjustment on a computer terminal or a television screen.
The three possible adjustments are -20, 0, and 20; the higher the
setting the greater the contrast.
0

Contrast:
-20

You can adjust the contrast to enhance dim images or images with
dark backgrounds. High contrast adjustments tend to counteract
high brightness adjustments.
To Adjust the Grain The grain option can be used only when
Scan Mode is set to Halftone. Grain is similar in function to the
dots in halftone screening. The lowest grain setting (-40) results
in images approximately four times as coarse as the highest grain
setting (100). The highest grain setting results in the sharpest
image.
0

Grain:
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

When Scan Mode is set to Line Art, grain is automatically read at
the default, which is 0, regardless of the setting of the slider bar.
If you do not change the grain setting when scanning in halftone
mode, the scanner will scan at the default. The grain adjustment
range is from -40 to 100 in increments of 20.
Note JOu should use the hal'ftone mode with the grain option only when

scanning such original graphic images as photographs, washes,
and shaded sketches or for finer screen printed hal'ftones. If you
choose the grain option for scanning previously screened images,
such as newspaper and magazine hal'ftones, you may get a moire
pattern or other unwanted effects that will detract from the quality
of the image.
To Choose the Page Size The page. size option tells the scanner
to continue scanning for a specific length. This option lets you
choose one of the three page sizes, shown in Table 4-1, by clicking
MBl on the appropriate radio button: A, A4, or Legal.
Page Size:

I@ A

O A4

O Legal

This enables you to reset the scanner when scanning smaller
documents to avoid wasting storage space on nonimage data.

Scanning Images 4-9

Table4-1

DECimage Scan Software Page Sizes

Page Size

Dimensions

8 112 x 11 inches

21.0 x 29. 7 centimeters

Legal

8 112 x 14 inches

Note If a scan frame has been enabled by the Scanner Frame Setup

dialog box, or by previously saved settings, choosing a new Page
Size does not reset the scan frame dimensions. Either disable
the Scan Frame toggle button (shown enabled in Figure 4-7), or
en'ter new scan frame settings to match the new page size. Refer to
Table 4-2 for scan frame dimensions.
If no scan frame has been saved with the Save Settings menu
option, or if the Scan Frame toggle button is not enabled, the page
size selections automatically choose the proper scan frame. See
the section, 'lb Define a Scan Frame with a Rubberband Box, in
this chapter for more information.
The Scan Mode option lets you
choose the way an image is read by clicking MB 1 on the radio
button for Line Art or Halftone. Halftoning lets you scan original
shaded art such as photographs, sketches, and washes. By setting
Scan Mode to Halftone, you automatically enable the grain option
in the Scanner Setup dialog box.

To Choose the Scan Mode

Scan Mode:

I<f> Line Art O Halftone I

You can also scan for a single image, in more than one mode,
by setting windows in the Frame Setup dialog box. By enabling
selected windows, you can then scan the areas defined in those
windows in the complement mode to the Scan Mode selected in
the General Setup dialog box.
For example, if you have a page of text with a photo in one comer,
define and enable a window for the photo area using the Scanner
Frame Setup dialog box. Then select Line Art as the Scan Mode
in the Scanner Setup dialog box. When the image is scanned, the
defined window will be read as halftone and the remainder of the
image area will be scanned as line art.

4-10 Scanning Images

To Modify the Frame Setup of the Scanner
General Setup ...

..........................

F1·ame Setup •••

The Frame Setup dialog box (Figure 4-6) lets you define the area
of a page to be scanned. You can enable up to four windows,
within the image area, to scan portions of an image in the
alternative scan mode to that chosen with the mode option. For
example, you could enable the windows to scan in the halftone
mode when the rest of the page will be in line art mode. Or,
if there was only a small portion of a page that you needed to
display, you could define and enable a scan frame area to save on
memory usage.
Figure 4-6

Scanner Frame Setup Dialog Box

Scanner Frame Setup

OCentimeters I

Inches

Left

Right

Top

Bottom

lo.131(

la.mI

lo.221I

111.01~

IO Window 1 I1.ss1I
IO Window 2 Is.oao(
IO Window 3 lo.11~
IO Wh1dow 4 11.83~
mmmlHlt

ls.11~

11.11~

14.98~

16.87-(

ls.oo~

111.23~

la.sod,

13.87~

17.330,

17.71~

I1.2sq

ls.ooq

I@ Scan Frame!

Enable Window:

CEJI

1111 1112 Ill 3 Ill 4 @ Enable Scan Frame

I Cancel I

Use the following procedure to display the Scanner Frame Setup
dialog box:
Pull down the Commands menu, point to the Setup Scanner
option, and drag the mouse aside to the Frame Setup option.
Select Scanne1". ..
General Setup •••
Scan

..........................

Frame Setup •••

Release MBl. The Frame Setup dialog box will appear.

Scanning Images 4-11

To Choose the Unit of Measurement 'lb choose the Units of
measurements for defining window locations, click MBl on the
Inches or Centimeters radio button.

I@ Inches

0 Centimeters

Remember that the Unit of measurement shown in the General
Setup dialog box (Figure 4-5) will also change automatically.
To Define a Scan Frame with a Rubberband Box You can
choose one of two methods for defining the area to be scanned.
Use the keyboard to enter the coordinates information in the
Scan Frame Left, Right, 'lbp, and Bottom text entry fields in
the Scanner Frame Setup dialog box (Figure 4-6), or use the
rubberband box in the Scan window, as shown in Figure 4-7.
Note Using the keyboard may be more accurate in defining the Scan

Frame for some scanning applications, but the rubberband box is
easier to use.
Use the following procedure to define a scan frame:

!ii Scan Framej

i@ii'M

Scan a document without defining any scan frame.

Pull down the Commands menu, point to the Setup Scanner
option and pull aside to the Frame Setup option.

Release MBl. The Frame Setup dialog box will appear.
If necessary, move the dialog box to one side so it does not
block your view of the image.

Enable the rubberband by clicking MBl on the Scan Frame
radio button.

Move the mouse to the Scan window and draw a rubberband
box around the portion of the image to be scanned.

Click MB 1 on the Apply Box push button. The coordinates
will appear in the text entry fields.

Left

Right

Top

Bottom

lo.ooq

lo.ood,

lo.om~

Click MBl on the Enable Scan Frame toggle l;>Utton.

Click MBl on the OK push button.

4-12 Scanning Images

Figure 4-7

Using the Rubberband Box to Define a Scan Frame

DEClmage Scan: [WARD.UTOX]LOADTAPE.IMC
Edit

Commands

Customize

Loading lho Tal)ll' Carlrld;ie
I.

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Scanner Frame Setup
2.

'J'nrn "" 1.h11 drh..., l.w prc:11
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left

Right

Top

Bottom

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11.04~

16.98~

11.59~

IO Window 1

10.000,:

voll~tt·•t

•

0 Centimeters

IO Window 2
IO Window 3
IO.Wlndow 4

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Io.ood,

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I o.ool(

lo.ooq
lo.ooq

I Apply Boie
Enable Window:

01 02 03 04 @> Enable Scan Frame

Scan the same document again. This time, only the area you
defined in the scan frame will be read. If you need to fine tune
the definition of the scan frame, do the following:

Click MBl on the text entry field to be changed.

Change the numbers according to your calculations.

10 Click MB 1 on the OK push button to activate the settings.

Scanning Images 4-13

You can save Scanner Frame Setup settings for a later session by
choosing Save Current Settings from the Customize menu.
To Define Windows with a Rubberband Box You can choose
one of two methods for defining the area to be scanned. Use the
keyboard to enter the coordinate information in the Left, Right,
'lbp, and Bottom text entry fields for any of four windows in the
Frame Setup dialog box (Figure~), or use the rubberband box
in the Scan window, as shown in Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-8

Using the Rubberband Box to Define Windows

Scannet· Frame Setup

I<fl Inches

O Centimeters
Right

Top

Bottom

17.991(

10.04~

I10.s91I

14.see,:

17.23~

Left

lo Scan Frame! I0.11~
I<fl Window 1
I2.oeq
IO Wh1dow 2 Io.ooq
IO Window 3 Io.ooq
IO Window 4 lo.ooq
I Apply Box
Enable Wh1dow:

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j s.111(

Io.ooq

DEChnage Scan: WRKD$:[SCAN.DAT190.IMG;2
Fiie

Edit

Commands

Customize

Help

lo.ooq
lo.ooq

SPOTLIGHT' SERIES

1
••

Image Syatema Orcup -

Ill 1 D 2 D 3 D 4

I Cancel I

... ,............ .

4-14 Scanning Images

Use the following procedure to define windows:

IO Window 1

Scan a document without defining any windows.

Pull down the Commands menu, point to the Setup Scanner
option and pull aside to the Frame Setup option.

Release MBl. The Frame Setup dialog box will appear. If
necessary, move the dialog box to one side so that it does not
block your view of the image.

Enable the rubberband box by clicking MBl on the Enable
Window radio button for Window 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Enable Window:

D1 D2 D3 D4

Move the mouse to the Scan window and draw a rubberband
box around the portion of the image that you want to be
scanned in a complement mode.

Note Complement mode means that, if the document is being

scanned in line art mode, the windows you define will be
scanned in halftone mode.
6

Click MB 1 on the Apply Box pushbutton. The coordinates will
appear in the text entry fields for that window.

Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 for any additional windows.

Click MBl on the Enable Window toggle button for each of the
windows you want scanned in complement mode.

Click MBl on the OK push button.

10 Scan the same document again. This time, the areas defined
by any enabled windows will be scanned in the complement
mode to the Scan Mode you have selected. If you need to fine
tune the definition of any of the windows, do the following:

Click MBl on the Left, Right, Top, or Bottom text entry
field for the appropriate window.

Change the numbers according to your calculations.

11 Click MBl on the OK push button to activate the settings.
You can save Frame Setup settings for a later session with the
Save Settings option chosen from the Customize menu.

Scanning Images 4-15

You can enter
measurements in the Scanner Frame Setup dialog box from
the keyboard using the following procedure. Coordinates to enter
for changing the Scan Frame for a new Page Size are shown
in Table 4-2. Point zero for the x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis
(vertical) is the upper left corner of the Scan window.
To Enter Measurement Coordinates

Pull down the Commands menu, point to the Setup Scanner
option and pull aside to the Frame Setup option.
2

Release MBl. The Frame Setup dialog box will appear.

Click MBl on the Units radio button for Inches or
Centimeters.

Click MBl on the Scan Frame Left, Right, 'lbp, or Bottom text
entry field.

Enter the numbers taken from Table 4-2.

Click on the Enable Scan Frame toggle button.

Table4-2

Scan Frame Settings for Page Sizes
Dlalog Box Entries

Page
Size

Units

y-axis (vertical)
Left
Right

x-axis (horizontal)
Top
Bottom

Inches

0.000

8.500

0.000

11.000

A4 1

Centimeters

0.000

21.000

0.000

29.700

A42

Centimeters

0.300

21.300

0.000

29.700

Legal

Inches

0.000

8.500

0.000

14.000

1
Manual Delivery Scan Frame settings. When using Manual Deliver for A4
documents, always place the document against the left guide of the scanner feed.
2
Auto Delivery Scan Frame settings. The document must be centered in the
Automatic Document Feeder.

4-16 Scanning Images

5
Modifying Scanned Images
After you have scanned an image, or acquired an image from
another source, you can modify it to delete unwanted portions,
clean up defects, or otherwise alter the presentation. This chapter
describes the ways in which you can change an image file using
the Edit menu options and the Scan and Scaled View windows.

Using the Edit Menu
While the DECimage Scan Software is not an image editor, you
can, with practice, make a variety of creative improvements,
especially with image files scanned in line art mode.
Undo
Rotate Image ...
Crop Region
Wash Region
Reverse Region
Cut
Copy
Paste
Clear all

The Edit pull-down menu allows you to revise the scanned image
and combine it with elements from a variety of sources to create
an entirely new image. You can wash portions of an image, and
then paste in new images. Or, you can reverse callouts or portions
of an image for added emphasis.
If you have scanned an image in upside-down, you can use the
Rotate Image option to invert the Scan window display. The
Rotate Image option provides a dialog box with a slider bar and
options for adjusting the rotation angle and direction of rotation.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-1

Using the Rubberband Box to Define Regions of Interest
Except for the Rotate Image, Undo, and Clear All options you
must use the rubberband box to define a rectangular region of
interest (ROI) before applying Edit commands. When using the
rubberband box with the Edit options there are two things you
should remember:
• You can use the rubberband box to select the regions to
be modified in either the Scan window or the Scaled View
window.
• You must select the region to be modified with the rubberband
box before choosing an option from the Edit pull-down menu.
'lb select a region with the rubberband box, do the following:

Point the cursor to one corner of the region to be selected.

Press and hold MBl.

Drag the mouse in any direction. An outline box appears in
the window.

When the box accurately defines the region to be edited,
release MBl.

You can then choose one of the options from the Edit pull-down
menu. 'lb cancel a rubberband box, click MBl once in the same
window as the rubberband box.

Using the DECwindows Clipboard
DECimage Scan Software makes use of a DECwindows tool
called the clipboard. The clipboard is a data buffer that allows
the temporary storage and retrieval of an image. However, you
can only put one thing at a time on the clipboard. If you cut
something out of a window, it goes to the clipboard. If you cut
an additional image, the second one overwrites the first, which is
then lost.
'lb save an image written to the clipboard, you must use the Paste
option before selecting another image to be copied. If you want to
save an image for later pasting, store the image in a file by using
the Save As option on the File menu.

Note The previous image copied to the clipboard is erased with each new
execution of Copy or Cut, or by Copy I Cut commands ex.ecuted from
other DECwindows applications.

5-2 Modifying Scanned Images

The clipboard allows you to move or copy information between two
different scanned images, or between different applications. For
example, you could copy a portion of one image to another or use
the DECwindows Paint application to set a line of text and then
copy it from the Paint window to the Scan window.
Note Moving data between windows is often a trial and error process.
You may have to use the Undo option and repeat an operation
several times until you get the correct results.

Moving and Copying Images
You can use the Rotate Image option to rotate all of an image, and
use the Cut, Copy, and Paste, to move all or part of a scanned
image. The Cut, Copy, and Paste options move selected areas to
and from the DECwindows clipboard. Each time you write to the
clipboard, you overwrite the previously stored data. Therefore,
when you cut something to the clipboard, you must paste it in its
new position before cutting additional material.

By Rotation
The Rotate dialog box (Figure 5-1) lets you rotate an image
from .001° to 359.999° in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise
direction. Rotate Image is useful for editing landscape images
that were scanned in a portrait orientation.
Figure 5-1

Rotate Dialog Box

Rotate

Angle:

Io.ooQ. I Quick Angles:

180

Rotation Values
Direction:

I Clockwise

ICEJI

(fl

O Counter-Clockwise

I Cancel I

Note If the rotation angle you select puts part of the image outside the
scan window, DECimage Scan Software automatically adjusts the
size of the window so that there's no loss of image data.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-3

Figure 5-2 shows the Scan window with a landscape image
displayed in a portrait orientation.
Figure 5-2

A Landscape Image in Portrait Orientation

DEClmage Scan: WRKO$:[SCAN.DA1]90.IMG;2
Fiie
Edit
Commands
Customize
Help
0

I9o.ooq I Quick Angles:

1 eo

90
Rotation Values
Direction:

I0 Clockwise

@> Counter-Clockwise

lcancell

The Rotate dialog box allows you to set the direction and number
of degrees of rotation for the image in the Scan window using the
following procedure:
Pull down the Edit menu, point to the Rotate Image option
and release MBl.
2

When the Rotate dialog box displays, you have several options.

5-4 Modifying Scanned Images

• If the image was fed into the scanner upside-down, or
if you want to rotate a portrait image to landscape
orientation, as shown in Figure 5-3, you can select 180 or
90 from the Quick Angles option.
Quick Angles:

180

• You can change the direction of rotation by selecting
Clockwise or Counter-Clockwise.
Direction:

I•Clockwise

O Counter-Clockwise

• If you want to rotate the image to an angle other than

180° or 90°, drag MBl on the Rotation Values slider bar
until the number you want is displayed in the Angle text
entry field.
Angle:

1159.0751

I
159

Rotation Values

• If you want to set the rotation angle to fractional degrees,

click MBl in the Angle text entry field and use the
keyboard to change the numbers. Use the <XI key to
erase any previous settings.
3

Effect the settings of the dialog box by clicking MBl on the
OK push button, or click on the Cancel push button to dismiss
the dialog box without altering the image. If you want to try
out an angle, without dismissing the Rotate dialog box, you
can click MBl on the Apply push button.

If the revised display is not what you want, select the Undo option

from the Edit menu, or change the number in the Angle text entry
field and repeat the procedure for a different rotation.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-5

Figure 5-3 shows the image from Figure 5-2 rotated 90° in a
counterclockwise direction.
Figure 5-3

Image Rotated to Landscape Orientation

DEClmage Scan: USERB$:[WARD.UTOK]LANDSCAP.IMG;1
Fiie

Edit

Commands

Customize

Help

By Cutting to the Clipboard
The Cut option on the Edit pull-down menu allows you to remove
a portion of an image, defined by a rubberband box, and move it
to another part of the scanned image, or to another window or
image. When you cut data out of a scanned image using the Edit
menu, it gets stored in the DECwindows clipboard.
'lb cut a region of an image to the clipboard, do the following:

Use the rubberband box to select the area to be removed.

Choose Cut from the Edit pull-down menu.

You can then move the selected portion to another location, or
simply leave it on the clipboard to allow it to be deleted. If you
want to restore the selected portion, you must select Undo from
the Edit menu before making another selection.

By Copying to the Clipboard
The Copy option on the Edit pull-down menu allows you to copy
a portion of an image, and move the duplicate somewhere else,
without deleting it from its original position. When you copy
data from a scanned image using the Edit menu, it gets stored
temporarily in the DECwindows clipboard.

Modifying Scanned Images

'lb copy a region of an image to the clipboard, do the following:

Use the rubberband box to select the area to be copied.
2

Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down menu.

You can then move the copy of the selected portion to another
location.

By Pasting from the Clipboard
The Paste option lets you paste an image stored in the clipboard
onto another image. 'lb paste an image from the clipboard, do the
following:
Use the rubberband box to select the area on which the
clipboard image is to be pasted.
2

Choose Paste from the Edit pull-down menu.

Modifying an Image
The Edit menu allows you to make several modifications to
defined portions of an image. You can wash out a selected area
to remove defects or unwanted information in an image. You can
also enlarge the image and make detailed changes by reversing
the on/off setting of small groups of pixels. You can also use the
Crop Region option to reduce the storage area required for an
image to be saved.

By Cropping a Region
The Crop Region option lets you trim all of an image except the
region you choose to retain. Figure 5-4 shows the Scan window
with a region selected for cropping. If the Customize Display
Settings Magnify option has been set to Off, the image enlarges to
fill the Scan window after the crop is completed.
'lb crop an image, do the following:

Use the rubberband box to define the area to be saved.

Choose Crop Region from the Edit pull-down menu.
The image will then be displayed in the Scan window without
extra white space in the margins of the image.

Note If the Customize Display Settings MagnifY option has been set to
On, you will have to apply the rubberband box in the Scaled View
window in order to see the entire image to be cropped.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-7

Figure 5-4

Image Before and After Cropping
DEClmage Scan: USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]LANDSCAP.IMG;1
Fiie

Edit

Commands

Customize

Help

Commands

Customize

(> 0

WALL OUTLET
iSAME VOLTAGE AS

LAB EU

By Washing a Region to White or Black
E Black

Region

White

The Wash Region option lets you wash a selected portion of an
image to a solid color. The wash may be either white or black. On
images with a white background, a white wash erases a portion
of an image. A black wash can be used on a white background (or
vice versa) to indicate that information has been purposely blotted
out. You can also use the Wash Region option on a magnified
image to clean up defects from the scanned original. Figure 5-5
shows parts of an image washed to white and black.
'lb wash a region of a scanned image, do the following:

Use the rubberband box to select the region to be washed.

Choose Wash Region from the Edit pull-down menu.

Choose either White or Black from the Wash Region submenu.

5-8 Modifying Scanned Images

Figure 5-5

Image Areas Washed to White and Black

16:!:11.i:J.
Help
0
,....,

Jl>O

Look at the corrected image in the Scan window. If you are
not satisfied with the results, choose the Undo option and then
reselect the area to be washed.

By Reversing a Region to Negative
The Reverse Region option lets you change white to black and
black to white on a selected portion of an image or create a
negative of the entire image. When Reverse Region is executed
the area inside of the rubberband box is reversed.
'lb reverse a region of an image, do the following:

Use the rubberband box to select the region to be reversed.

Choose Reverse Region from the Edit pull-down menu.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-9

Figure 5-6 shows an image with two regions reversed to
negative.
Figure 5-6

Image with Two Areas Reversed

DEClmage Scan: USERBS:[WARD.UTOXJREVERSE.IMG

..._ FOWER SVVITCH

Undoing Edit Changes
If you want to cancel a change that you made to an image, use the

Undo option from the Edit menu.
Undo is the first option on the Edit pull-down menu, but it
remains inactive (grayed out on the screen) until one of the other
Edit options has been executed. You can use this Edit option to
undo a crop, a wash, or any of the Edit options including Rotate
Image and Clear All.
However, you can only undo the previous Edit option. That is you
can undo a wash only if you have not filed the image and exited
the session, or chosen another Edit option to further modify the
image. If you have executed Wash Region and you then choose
Rotate, you cannot restore the washed portion of the image except
by scanning it again.

5-1 O Modifying Scanned Images

If you choose Undo twice in a row, you can reverse the effects of
the Undo option. For example, if you wash a region to white, and
then find you need to go back and look at the image area that you
deleted, you can select undo to restore the display. When you are
satisfied, select Undo again to proceed with the wash.

Clearing All of an Image
If you do not wish to save the image displayed in the Scan
window, you can select Clear All from the Edit menu. This option
allows you to quickly clear the display without storing the revised
image. This is useful if you are only viewing images to confirm
content and are not making any changes to the scanned image.

Modifying Scanned Images 5-11

6
Storing and Transmitting Image Files
Once you have finished with an image, you can either file it or
transmit it. The File pull-down menu is what you use to access
directories of stored files, to save a scanned image, or to mail
image files to other users. You also use the File menu to exit or
quit the current DECimage Scan Software session. This chapter
discusses the storage and transmission of images.

Creating a File Directory
If this is the first time DECimage Scan Software is being used
on your system, you may want to create a separate directory in
which to store image files. If it is necessary to create a directory,
you must enter the CREATE/DIRECTORY command before
initializing DECimage Scan Software.
To create a sub-directory at the DCL level, open a DECterm
window, as shown in Chapter 1, type the command and a suitable
directory name, as shown below and press~
$CREATE/DIRECTORY [.mydireotory]

Using the File Menu
Open As ...
Save As .. .
Mall To ...

Quit
Exit

The File menu is used to call up files from a directory and display
them in the Scan window, to save scanned images to a file, and to
mail image files to other users. You also use the File menu Exit or
Quit options to terminate the DECimage Scan Software session.
The Save As and Mail To options are grayed out when you start a
session. They only become available choices after you have opened
an image file, or scanned in a new image.

Storing and Transmitting Image Flies 6-1

Except for the Exit and Quit options, each of the File menu
options requires you to type information into a text entry field in
a dialog box. Open As and Save As require a file name. Mail 'lb
requires a destination and a title.

To Open Files
You can use the Open As option on the File pull-down menu to
retrieve a previously-stored image file and display it in the Scan
window. The Open As dialog box, shown in Figure 6-1, provides
you with text data entry fields, slider bars, and push buttons.
Figure 6-1

Ooen

Open As Dialog Box

Fil~

Fiie Fiiter

masd$:[demo.dat(*.lmg

Flies In MASD$:[DEMO.DATI
MASD$:£DEMO.DA111AD$MEDICALFORM.IMC;1

<>I Fiiter I

MASD$:[DEMO.DA111AD$MEETINC.IMC;1

I OK II
I Cancel I

MASD$:[DEMO.DA111AD$SALES.IMC;1
MASD$:[DEMO.DA111AD$TICER.IMC;1
MASD$:[DEMO.DATIIAD$VIS_CHART.IMC;1
MASD$:[DEMO.DA111AD$VIS_DOCS.IMC;1
MASD$:[DEMO.DA111AD$VIS_NET.IMC;1
llllr£t.,tJ.'.'MUJ:lllll !J1.tl£'111r.' t ',

<i [ J:

0 D

Selection

MASD$:[DEMO.DAT11AD$KRAV.IMC;ll

Use the following procedure to open a file from a directory:
1

Pull down the File menu and click MBl on Open As ...

If necessary, to change the directory, do the following:

Click MBl on the File Filter text entry field.

Enter the directory specification.

c Click MBl on the Filter push button to apply.
3

Show the directory list of files by dragging or clicking the
slider, the scroll bar, or the arrows on the bottom or side of the
dialog box.

6-2 Storing and Transmitting Image Flies

Select a :file by pointing to one of the listed :files and click MBl.
The selected file will be highlighted and will appear in the
Selection text entry field.

Click MBl on the OK button or double click on the highlighted
file name to open the selected file.

Note Unless you add ;* to the File Filter text entry field, the Open As

dialog box will only list the most recent version of each file name.
7b show a more detailed listing of all files in a directory, enter a
DIRECTORY/SIZE/DATE command at the DCL level.
'lb avoid using disk storage space unnecessarily, you should
periodically use the PURGE command at the DCL level to delete
earlier versions of image :files. 'lb purge your directory, open a
DECterm window, as shown in Chapter 1, enter the following
command and press (RetUmJ:
$ PURGE

To Save Files
You can use the Save As option on the File pull-down menu to
save a scanned or modified image, displayed in the Scan window,
to a file. The Save As dialog box,· shown in Figure 6-2, provides
you with text data entry :fields, slider bars, and push buttons.
Figure 6-2

Save As Dialog Box

save As

Fiie Fiiter

ll"'.img
Flies In USERBS:[WARD.UTO><]
USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]CROPPED.IMG;1

Fiiter

USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]DEFAULT _NAME_ OF_A_FILE_ 1.IMG;2
USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]DEFAULT_NAME_ OF_A_FILE_2.IMG;2

I Cancel

USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]LANDSCAP.IMG;1

I
I
I

USERB$:[WARD.UTOX]LOADTAPE.IMG;2
' ~~UUIU

I'-'

<i ct:

C> 0

Selection

IUSERB$:[WARD.UTOX]REVERSE.1Mq

Stortng and Transmitting Image Flies 6-3

Use the following procedure to save a file to a directory:
1

Pull down the File menu and click MBl on Save As...

If necessary, to change the directory, do the following:

Click MBl on the File Filter text entry field.

Enter the directory specification.

c Click MBl on the Filter push button to apply.
3

To file a previously stored image under the same name, do the
following:

Scroll through the directory list of files by dragging or
clicking the slider, the scroll bar, or the arrows on the
right side of the dialog box.

Select the file name to be used by pointing and double
clicking MBl.

To assign a new file name, do the following:

Click MBl on the Selection text entry field.

Enter the file name using the keyboard.

c Click MBl on the OK push button.
Notes
• The Save As option is only available if you have an image
displayed in the Scan window. If you are not currently viewing
an image file, the Save As option will be grayed out on the File
pull-down menu.
• Unless you include a file name extension of .IMG, the Save As
dialog box will apply a .DDIF extension by default.

6-4 storing and TransmHtlng Image Flies

To Mail Displayed Image Files
The Mail To option on the File menu is only capable of
transmitting images displayed in the Scan window. If you want
to send either stored image files or textual mail messages, use
DECwindows Mail or another Digital mail facility. Figure 6-3
shows the DECimage Scan Mail: Create dialog box.
Figure 6-3

DECimage Scan Mail: Create Dialog Box

UI DEClmage Scan Mall: Create
Fiie

Edit

lflllfil
Help

Change Editor

WARD ISailto C. Ward!
IREADY: : ABOUT I
IHELM: : Ill.EE I
CC:
Subject: ILEESHORE. IMO I

From:
To:

(This message type cannot currently be displayed. >I

lr--i

IQ
Quit

Reset

Save As •••

Send

To mail an image to another user do the following:
1

Either scan an image or use Open As to display a filed image.

Choose the Mail To... option from the File menu.

Click MBl on the To: text entry field

Type the addressee's node::name in the To: text entry field, for
example MYNODE::MYNEIGHBOR.

Click MBl on the CC: text entry field

'fype the name and address of those who are to receive copies
in the CC: text entry field, for example MYNODE::USER_A.

Click MBl on the Subject: text entry field

'fype a subject title on the Subject: text entry field, for
example, Scanned image of hardware components.

Click MBl on the Send menu button.

To send additional mail with new data in the dialog box text entry
fields, click MBl on the Reset menu button.
To file an image, click MB 1 on the Save As... menu button.

storing and Transmitting Image Flies 6-5

'lb quit mail without sending an image, click MBl on the Quit
menu button.

To Quit a DECimage Scan Software Session
'lb end a DECimage Scan Software session, without saving the
files that you have displayed or modified, choose Quit from the
File pull-down menu. DECimage Scan Software will display a
caution dialog box and prompt you to acknowledge that you have
not saved your work from the current session.

D
Save Image to disk before quitting?

~ [!!] I Cancel I

To Exit a DECimage Scan Software Session
'lb end a DECimage Scan Software session, automatically saving
the files that you have displayed or modified, choose Exit from the
File pull-down menu.

6-6

storing and Transmitting Image Flies

7
Getting Help Online
There are several places you can look for help when using
DECimage Scan Software. You can read this manual for
instructions on how to use the various menus, or use the help
pull-down menu options. This chapter discusses the online
help for DECimage Scan Software. For instructions on using
DECwindows online help, refer to Appendix B.

Using the Help Menu
Overview
About

You can get help while in a DECimage Scan Software session by
using the following procedure:
1

Press and hold MBl.

Drag the pointer down the screen to activate the pull-down
menu.

Choose either Help or About.

Release MBl.
• If you select Overview, the Help Overview window
(Figure 7-1) will appear.
•

If you select About, the Help About window (Figure 7-2)

will appear.
Using the Help Overview menu you can find a list of each menu
option in the topic, Overview of the DECimage Scan Software.
Detailed information for these options is located in the Additional
topics menu.

Getffng Help Onllne 7-1

Figure 7-1

Help Overview Window

Help
Fiie

Edit

View

Using Help

Overview of DECiNge scan Software
You can use OECiMge Scan Software to scan docUPlents and
create an il'lage that can be electronically revised,
stored, transP1itted, or printed. The COl'll'lands used in
DECil'lage Scan Soft..iare are selected frOPl one of four
pulldoM'l Mnus; file, Edit, Cot'll'lands, and CustOl'lize.
The infol'l'lation contained in OECi...age Scan Software Help
is organized under the foll0111ing topics.

Additional topics
The CustOPliZe Menu
The Comands Menu
The Edit Menu
Using OECiPlage Scan Software Help

Exit

After identifying the option in the Help Overview menu, you can
get Help about any menu option by completing the following steps:
1

Move the pointer to the appropriate Additional topics title, for
example, The File Menu.

Double click MB 1.

When the Help message for The File Menu displays in the
window, move the pointer to an Additional 'lbpic, for example,
Open As, and double click MBl.

From the Help About menu, you can get help on how to use
DECimage Scan Software help, or display a glossary of DECimage
Scan Software terms. The Overview of DECimage Scan Software
menu gives the version number, licensing, copyright information,
and Additional topics for using help and a glossary.

7-2 Getting Help Online

Figure 7-2
-

Help About Window
IQllfil

Help
File Edit

View

Using Help
0

About DECil'lage Scan Soft111are

DECi111age Scan Software, Version 2.0
Il'lage Systel'IS Engineering
&

Co111puter Special Services
ID Digital EquiPl'lent Corporation 1988, 1989
All rights reserved

Q
Additional topics

•I

DECil'lace Scan Software Olossary of Tems

l'""(;~;""i!~~;k

. . .,

Exit

The first Additional topic, Using DECimage Scan Software Help,
explains that to find an individual DECimage Scan Software
menu option you must know both which menu and which menu
item offers the option. For example, to find the menu option
Magnify, you must know that Magnify is an option of the item
Display Settings on the Customize menu.
The second Additional topic, DECimage Scan Software Glossary of
Terms, will provide you with an explanation of the terms that are
used to describe the application.
'lb move back to a previous Help topic, click MBl on the Go Back
push button. 'lb leave Help, click MBl on the Exit push button.

Using the DECimage Scan Software Help Menu Bar
Once you have accessed the online help for DECimage Scan
Software, you can use the pull-down menus to search for specific
information and write or edit material to a file.

Getting Help Onllne 7-3

To Save a Help Screen to a File
Save As •••

Exit

The File option lets you exit a help session, or save a Help screen
to your own file directory. 'lb save a Help screen, select Save As ...
from the File pull-down menu to display the dialog box as shown
in Figure 7--3. Type a file name in the Selection text entry :field
and click on the OK menu button.
Note Before saving the screen, you must use the Edit Select AU option to

copy the screen to the Clipboard.
Figure 7-3

Help Save As... Dialog Box

file filter

I~.txt
File8 in USERB$: [WARD. UTOX]
]CUSTOMIZE. TXT; 1

0
,.....,

]DELIVERY-SETTINGS. TXT; 1

I filter I

CE:JI

]DISPLAY-SETTINGS. TXT: 1

I Cancel I

]FILE-MENU. TXT; 1

....
0

Jt> D

Selection

IMAGNIFY. TXT I
To Select All of a Help Screen for Filing
Coi1y
Select All

The Edit pull-down menu lets you use the Select All option to copy
a Help message to your personal file directory. 'lb save a Help file,
you must also choose Save As... from the File menu and specify a
file name.

To View Help Topics
GI) To Topic

Go Back
Go To Overview

Visit Glossary

The View pull-down menu lets you visit the glossary, go back
to the previous screen or go directly to the overview without
repeatedly clicking on the OK push button. 'lb go back to the
DECimage Scan Software Help Overview, choose Go 'lb Ovei-view
from the View pull-down menu.

7-4 Getting Help Onllne

To Search Help
The Search pull-down menu lets you do one of the following:
History ••.
Title ...
Keywo1·d ...

• Read a history of all topics chosen during the current Help
session and go back to a previously chosen help topic without
clicking on the Go Back push button.
• Display a list of Help message titles by typing in part of a
title.
• Display a list of Help message titles by typing in a keyword.
By History 'lb display a record of help messages displayed during
the current help session, choose the History option from the
Search pull-down menu. Figure 7-4 shows the Help History
window. 'lb go back to a previously chosen Help topic: move the
pointer to the appropriate Help topic listed in the History window,
and double click MBl.
Figure 7-4

Search Topic History Window

Topic Titles
Overview of DECiMaa:e Scan Software
The Custol'liz:e Menu
The Display Settings Option
The Magnify Option
The Index Window Option
Setting the Percentage of Magnification

The Help Search History Option

Go To

Visit

I Dismiss I

Getttng Help Onllne 7-5

By Title Title lets you choose from a list of Help message titles
by typing in part of a topic title. By typing in the word settings,
for example, you will display a list of all Help message titles that
include the word settings. You can use the Title option to display
the Search 'lbpic Titles menu (Figure 7-5) to get help about any
menu, any menu option, or any item on any dialog box.
Figure 7-5

Search Topic Titles Window

Search Topic Titles
Title

'-'-lfr;. .;;;aM. ;.::. e"'-l- - - - - - -

Apply

Topic Titles
The Scanner fraMe Setup dialoe box
Wrnclo1D and Scan fraMe Coordinates

Co To

Visit

I Dismiss I

You can use the Title option whenever you have a question about
any DECimage Scan Software feature. 'lb choose a Help message
by Title, do the following:
1

Choose Title from the Search pull-down menu.

When the Search 'lbpic Titles window displays, use the pointer
to choose the appropriate title, and double click MBl.

7-6 Getting Help Onllne

By Keyword Keyword lets you choose from a list of Help message
titles by typing in a keyword. Figure 7-6 shows the Search 'lbpic
Keywords window. By typing in the word settings, for example,
you will display a list of all Help message titles with the word
settings. You can use the Keyword option to get help about any
menu, any menu option, or any item on any dialog box.
Figure 7-6

Search Topic Keywords Window

Search Topic Keywot·ds
Keyword!~gl_os_sa_r1c:_'_ _ _ __

Apply

edit
file

Ml.Mil
Go

goback

Topic Titles
Glossary Menu Option
V1s1t Glossary Menu Option

Glossary

Go To

Visit

I Dismiss I

Keyword is another way to get help in DECimage Scan Software.
You can use the Keyword option whenever you have a question
about any DECimage Scan Software feature. 'lb choose a Help
message by Keyword, do the following:
1

Choose Keyword from the Search pull-down menu.

When the Search 'lbpic Keyword window displays, use the
pointer to choose the appropriate keyword and double click
MBl.

Getting Help Onllne 7-7

To Get Instructions on Using Help Menus
• tm

Overview
Glossary
About

Using Help pull-down menu provides you with instructions on
how to use online help and how to access the DECwindows Help
screens. Figure 7-7 shows the Using Help window.
Figure 7-7

Using Help Window

Using Help
Fiie

Edit

View

Overview of Using Help
This is the Using Help overview. The Help systef'l
works in Much the saf'le way as other DECwindows
applications, so learning how Help behaves will teach
you a lot about how to use other applications.
Vou need to be able to perforf'l four basic tasks:
- Select an additional topic
- Return to a previous topic
- Use context-sensitive help
- Exit frof'l Help
For More infomation on any of these tasks, double
click MB! on the appropriate additional topic below. If
you want help on all of the tasks, start with Selecting
Additional Topics.
To disf'liss Using Help click on the Exit button below.

Additional topics
DECwindows Basics
file Menu
Edit Menu
View Menu

Exit

7-8 Getting Help Onllne

A
DECimage Scan Software Error Messages
This chapter describes the types of error messages you can
encounter when using DECimage Scan Software.

Software Error Messages
Software error messages are less common than operational
error messages and appear on the screen only when there is a
major system problem. When you are experiencing a software
error message, it will be impossible to initialize DECimage Scan
Software. The only possible course of action is to contact your
system manager or your Digital Customer Service Representative.
Some DECwindows software error messages and their meaning
are listed in Table A-1.
Table A-1

DECwindows Error Messages

Error Message

Meaning

NOOPNHIER

Unable to open UIL hierarchy.

NOREGCLAS
NOFETMAIN
NOFETWIDG

Unable to register image widget class.
Unable to fetch main window widget.
Unable to fetch widget.

Operational Error Messages
If you make a procedural error while using DECimage Scan
Software, an error message dialog box (Figure A-1) displays on
the screen. The dialog box displays one of the error messages
listed in Table A-2. Before taking any corrective action, you must

DEClmage Scan Software Error Messages A-1

click MBl on the Acknowledged push button located at the bottom
of the dialog box.
Figure A-1

Error Message Dialog Box

The Angle of rotation Is out of bounds

i Acknowledged

TableA-2

DECimage Scan Software Error Messages

Error Message

Meaning

Corrective Action

Cannot connect to scanner

No device available.

Check scanner selection.

DECwindows Clipboard Empty

You have attempted to execute
the Paste option without
first copying an image to the
Clipboard.

Execute the Cut or Copy
option.

DECwindows Clipboard Data
Truncated

Insufficient memory in
DECwindows clipboard.

Define a smaller region of
interest with the rubberband
box.

DECwindows Clipboard Locked

Clipboard being used by
another user.

Try again.

Error reading from the
environment file

Disk error.

See your system manager.

Error writing to the
environment file

Disk error.

See your system manager.

Fatal Drive Error

The scanner is not feeding
properly.

Check that the documents
are not jammed in the feeder
and that the feed-tray guides
are not binding.

Invalid file specification

You have mistyped or
misspelled the file name.

Check the file name and type
again.

Invalid image coordinate
specified

You have defined a rubberband
box coordinate too large for the
Scan Frame.

Redefine the coordinate.

Invalid region of interest
definition

The area you have defined with
the rubberband box does not
contain any image data.

Redefine the area.

(continued on next page)

A-2 DEClmage Scan Software Error Messages

Table A-2 (Cont.)

DECimage Scan Software Error Messages

Error Message

Meaning

Corrective Action

No image available to perform
action

You have attempted to edit a
nonexistent image.

Either scan an image or
retrieve a filed image.

No previous action to undo?

There is nothing to be undone.

You must have used one of
the Edit options for the Undo
option to have effect.

Obsolete version of
envirollDl.entfile

The envirollDl.ent file was
created by an earlier version of
DECimage Scan Software.

Choose Use Default
Settings from the Customize
pull-down menu.

The angle of rotation is out of
bounds

You have typed a rotational
angle larger than 360° or
smaller than .001°.

Specify an acceptable angle.

The scan window is outside the
scan frame area

Define a new window or a
new frame.

Unable to create a new
environment file

The area you have defined for
a scan window is outside the
area defined by the scan frame.
You have assigned an invalid
file name to the settings file,
or you do not have sufficient
privileges to create a new
settings file.

Unable to open the
envirollDl.ent file

The requested settings file does
not exist.

Check the file name for
misspelling and type it in
again.

Use the Rubberband to specify
a rectangle

You have attempted to
execute an option requiring
a rubberband box without first
defining the rubberband box.

Define a rubberband box.

Correct the file name or see
your system manager.

DEClmage Scan Software Error Messages A-3

B
Using DECwindows
You work with most DECwindows applications by using the same
handful of techniques. This appendix summarizes some basic
techniques you use in DECwindows.

Using the Mouse
The mouse-the hand-held pointing device attached to your
workstation monitor-makes using DECwindows as easy as
pointing to an object on your screen and clicking a button. The
mouse has three buttons. Unless you specify otherwise, MBl
(for "mouse button 1") is on the left, MB2 is in the middle, and
MB3 is on the right. Most often, you use MBl to interact with
applications.

Using DECwlndows B-1

You can do all your work with DECwindows by mastering the
following mouse techniques:
• 'lb point: Using the mouse, move the cursor to where you

want the next action to occur.
•

'lb click: Quickly press and release MBl. You should hear and

feel a faint click.
• 'lb press: Point to the menu name, scroll bar stepping arrow,

or wherever you want the action to occur. Without moving the
mouse, press and hold MBl or MB2. If you are pointing at a
menu name, pressing MBl pulls down a menu and keeps it
down until you release MBl.
• 'lb drag: Press and hold MBl, move the pointer, and release

MBl. For example, you drag a window outline to move it to
another place on your screen. 'lb cancel a drag in progress,
click MB3 before releasing MBl. If you are displaying a
pull-down menu, cancel the drag operation by moving the
pointer outside the menu.

B-2 Using DECwlndows

•

'lb double click: Point to the object and click MBl twice in

quick succession.
•

'lb shift click: Point to the object. Press and hold the Shift key
and click MBl. Release the Shift key.

Selecting Windows
When you have several windows open at once, you give one
window input focus by selecting it. When a window has input
focus, your typing and mouse activity are directed to that window.
'lb select a window:

Point to a location in the window or title bar (anywhere except
on a button).
In the FileView window, point to the title bar.
2

Click MBl.

The window's title bar becomes highlighted to indicate it has input
focus. Any keystrokes you type will appear in this window. The
title bar is no longer highlighted when another window has input
focus.
Window with Input Focus

0\1 FlleVlew-WORK: [JONES]

[!'.i :ii[

Window Without Input Focus

pi1

FlleVlew- WORK: [JONES]

Plill

Occassionally, a dialog box lacks a window management button,
usually the resize or shrink-to-icon button. The window will not
take input focus if you click MBl in the space that these buttons
usually occupy. 'lb select a window missing one of these window
management buttons, point to another location in the window and
click MBl again.

Choosing Items from Pull-Down Menus
Cut
Copy

Paste
Select AH

Some pull-down menus contain commands. Others contain the
names of items you can work with. You tell DECwindows what
you want to do or what you want to work with by choosing
commands or items from pull-down menus. Any menu item
followed by three periods ( ... ) is your cue that a dialog box will
be displayed if you choose that menu item.

Using DECwlndows B-3

1b choose an item from a pull-down menu:
On the menu bar, point to the name of the menu you want to
display.
2

Press and hold MBl.
This highlights the menu name and pulls down a menu.

While holding MBl, drag the pointer to the menu item you
want.

Release MBl.

If you change your mind while looking at a pull-down menu,
drag the pointer outside the menu and release MBl. The menu
disappears and no action is taken.
Some applications use push buttons to duplicate frequently used
commands that are also available as menu items. 1b execute
these commands quickly, click MBl on the push button.

Choosing Items from Submenus
A menu item with a submenu icon-an arrow pointing to the
right-indicates that a corresponding submenu is available. If
you choose that menu item, you need to refine your choice by
displaying its submenu and choosing a menu item from that
submenu.

Font
Fami
ur~,
IAiilll!IMjtL~~ Courier

Times
Helvetica

1b display a submenu and choose a menu item from it:
1

Pull down the primary menu by pressing and holding MBl
and dragging to the menu item you want.

Drag the pointer onto the submenu icon.
A submenu is displayed to the right of the menu.

Drag the pointer to the item you want to choose from the
submenu.

Release MBl.

B-4 Using DECwlndows

Choosing Items from Pop-Up Menus
DECwindows provides pop-up menus to make it easier for you to
work with files and applications. Pop-up menus give you quick
and direct access to functions within applications by reducing your
use of the mouse.

91 FileView- WORK:[JONES]
Control

Customize

Fiie Fiiter:

Views

~!11..i ;11

Ries

Utllltles

Applications

Help

Directory: WORK:[JONES](

Apply

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'lb display a pop-up menu:

Press and hold MB2 on the work area-directly beneath the
menu bar-where you interact with the application.
In the FileView window, press and hold MB2 on the file type
whose corresponding pop-up menu you want to display.

Drag the pointer to the menu item you want.

Release MB2.

If you change your mind while looking at a pop-up menu, drag the
pointer outside the menu and release MB2. The menu disappears
and no action is taken.

Using DECwlndows B-5

Choosing Items from Option Menus
An option menu is a pop-up menu that appears in a dialog box.
An option menu allows you to choose one option from a list
of options displayed in a pop-up menu. The current option is
displayed. 'lb see the other options from which you can choose,
you display the option menu.
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'lb display an option menu:

Press and hold MBl on the current option.

Drag the pointer to the menu item you want.

Release MBl.
The option menu disappears. The option you chose is now the
current option.

If you decide not to change the original option, drag the pointer
outside the menu and release MB 1. The menu disappears and no
changes occur.

Supplying Information in Dialog Boxes
DECwindows displays a dialog box whenever it needs additional
information from you to carry out a task. Sometimes you need
to type text; other times, you need only click MBl on a button to
change a setting. Some dialog boxes display settings you chose
earlier.
!'.i

Customize Session Managor

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B-6 Using DECwlndows

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Text Entry Fleld

Dialog boxes contain various ways for you to supply information
to an application:
• By typing text in a text entry field. The blinking text cursor
shows you where the text you type will appear. What you
type appears to the left of the text cursor. Use the ~key to
correct typing mistakes.
• By clicking on option buttons or square toggle buttons. Option
buttons let you select one option from a group. 'lbggle buttons
let you turn a setting on or off.
• By dragging the slider in a scale. Dialog boxes often contain
a scale and slider when you need to supply a numeric value.
The arrow in the slider points to the current value.
• By selecting choices, for example, file names, from a list box.
The list box may contain scroll bars if the available choices do
not fit in the list box.
• By clicking on rectangular push buttons. Push buttons, such
as OK, Cancel, or Filter, let you tell DECwindows what to do
with the information you supplied in the dialog box.
A double outline around a push button indicates it is the
default option. Default options are those you will choose most
frequently. Usually, the OK button is the default option in a
dialog box. Whenever you see a button with a b()ld border,
pressing the Return key achieves the same result as clicking
on that button.

Using DECwlndows B-7

Moving in a Dlalog Box
How you move in a dialog box depends on the object you want to
work with. The following table describes the ways in which you
can move and change settings in a dialog box:
To

Do this

Move forward between text fields

Press the Tab key, or point to the field to which you
want to move and click MBl.
Press the Shift/I'ab keys, or point to the field to which
you want to move and click MBl.

Move backward between text fields
Move the text cursor within a text field

Point to where you want the text inserted and click
MBl, or use the right and left arrow keys to move
the text cursor right or left. New characters push
existing ones to the right.

Change the numeric value on a scale

Drag the slider on the scale right or left, or point to
another location on the scale and click MBl.

Change an option or toggle button setting

Point to the option or toggle button and click MBl.

Making Selectlons from List Boxes
List boxes appear in dialog boxes and contain many kinds of
items from which you can choose. Many applications display a
list box when you open or save a file. To select an item from a
list box, point to the item and click MB 1. The item you selected
is highlighted. If the list box contains files, the file name is
highlighted to indicate it is selected. Click on OK to see the file.
FHe Fiiter

I*.txtI
FHes In WORK:[JONES]

]CURRENCY.TXT;3
]DIRECTIONS.TXT;S

EMBAROOES.TXT;1
]TRADE_BARRIERS.TXT;1

(I•

Selection

IWORK:[JONES]DIRECTIONS.TXT;5I

B-8 Using DECwlndows

I Fiiter l
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In list boxes that contain file names, DECwindows provides a
shortcut for you to open files. Double clicking on a file name in a
list box produces the same results as selecting that file name and
clicking on OK.

Scrolling
Some windows display scroll bars, which you use to view the
text that does not fit in the window. Some windows have both
horizontal and vertical scroll bars.
A scroll bar consists of stepping arrows at either end of the long,
thin box called the scroll region. The slider is the thicker box that
overlays the scroll region. If the slider is at the top of the scroll
region, the beginning of the file or list is visible. If the slider is at
the bottom of the scroll region, the end of the file or list is visible .
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The size of the slider is relative to the total amount of text in
the document and indicates how much more text remains to be
displayed. For example, a small slider indicates that much text
remains to be displayed. A large slider that completely fills the
scroll bar indicates that all the text is currently displayed.

Using DECwlndows B-9

The following table describes how to use scroll bars.
To scroll

Do this

One line at a time

Click MBl on the stepping arrows at either end of
the scroll bar.
·

Forward one window-full of text at a
time

Point to the scroll region beneath the slider and click
MBl.

Back one window-full of text at a time

Point to the scroll region above the slider and click
MBl.

Continuously through the list or file one
line at a time

Press and hold MBl on the stepping arrows at either
end of the scroll bar.

Continuously through the list or file one
windowful of text at a time
To another location in the list or file

Press and hold MBl in the scroll region.
Drag the slider to a position in the scroll region that
corresponds to the general location you want to see.
If the slider is at the top of the scroll region, you
are viewing the beginning of the list or file. If the
slider is in the middle of the scroll region, you are
viewing the middle of the list or file. Cancel the drag
operation by clicking another mouse button before
releasing MBl.

Moving Windows
You use the title bar to move the windows on your screen. If one
window partially obscures another, you might want to arrange
them so that each is completely visible.
'lb move a window:

Point to the.window's title bar (anywhere but on a button).
Mall:Read-1[0] MAIL INBOX#2

!'.i 51

Press and hold MBl.
An outline of the window appears.

Drag the pointer to the new location.

Release MBl.
If the window was partially obscured by other windows, it
pops to the top of the stack of windows and is given input
focus.

B-10 Using DECwlndows

To cancel a window moving operation in progress, click another
mouse button before releasing MB 1. The outline disappears, and
the window is not moved.
Occasionally, a title bar (usually in a dialog box) is missing a
window management button, usually the resize or shrink-to-icon
button. If you point to the space that these buttons usually occupy
and try to drag the window, the window does not move. To drag a
window missing one of these window management buttons, point
to another location in the title bar and try again.

Changing the Size of Windows

l!llilll

Sometimes you want to make the window you are working in very
large. Other times, you might want several small windows, such
as when several applications are running simultaneously. You can
change the Size of your windows to suit your needs by using the
resize button.

To change the size of a window:
1

Point to the window's resize button.
!!l.i _5!)

i'3 Mall:Read-1 [OJ MAIL INBOX #2

Press and hold MBl.
The pointer changes into a small resize cursor.

Drag the resize cursor to the size you want.
To make the window larger, drag the resize cursor beyond the
window border. To make the window smaller, drag the resize
cursor beyond the window border and back in.

Release MBl.

You can change the size of a window in one dimension (height
or width) or in both dimensions simultaneously. To change the
size in one dimension, drag the resize cursor across one border
of the window. As long as you cross only one border, the outline
that follows the resize cursor changes in only one dimension. If
after crossing one border you cross an adjacent border, you see an
outline that can change in both dimensions.
If you drag the resize cursor through one border and then through
the opposite border, the first border you crossed reverts to its
original location, and the other border becomes an outline that
follows the resize cursor.

Using DECwlndows 8-11

To cancel a window resizing operation in progress, click another
mouse button before releasing MB 1. The outline disappears, and
the window retains its original size.

Shrinking Windows
When you start an application, its icon appears in the Icon Box.
You shrink a window to an icon if you want to free up space on
your screen to run other applications, but don't want to exit from
the application. The application continues to run in memory and
remains easily accessible, but does not take up any room on your
screen. Any processes continue to execute while the application is
stored as an icon.
To shrink a window to an icon:
1

Point to the window's shrink-to-icon button.

Shrink-to-

Icon B~

Hll FlleVlew - WORK:[JONES]

!l.i :ii

Click MBl.
The window closes and its icon in the Icon Box appears bold.

You cannot shrink the Icon Box to an icon.
When the application is running in a window, its icon is dimmed.
The icon appears bold when the application is stored in the Icon
Box. You can make the icons large or small by specifying your
choice in the Session Manager's Customize Window dialog box. To
display this dialog box, choose the Window menu item from the
Session Manager's Customize menu.
If the Icon Box contains more icons than can be displayed at once,
scroll bars appear.
As you stop and start many applications, your Icon Box develops
gaps where icons used to be. You can rearrange the icons in the
Icon Box in two ways:

• By moving the icons. To move an icon, point to it, press and
hold MBl, and drag it to a new location.
• By clicking on the Icon Box's shrink-to-icon button. In all
applications, clicking on this button shrinks the window to
an icon. Clicking on this button in the Icon Box, however,
eliminates the gaps where icons for applications no longer
running used to be.

B-12 Using DECwlndows

Expanding Icons to Windows
When you expand an application's icon, you open a window for
that application. If you have more than one window open and
expand an icon to a window, that new window is placed on top
of the stack of overlapping windows. If the window accepts text
entry, it is also given input focus.

To expand an icon to a window:
1

Point to the icon in the Icon Box.

Click MBl.

Stacking Overlapping Windows
You do not have to move a window in order to see its entire
contents. When windows are overlapping, clicking on a window's
push-to-back button pushes that window to the bottom of the
stack. The next window is then fully visible.

To push the top window to the bottom of a stack of overlapping
windows:
Point to the top window's push-to-back button.
Pueh-to-

Back Button

Click MBl.

If you try this repeatedly with three or more windows, you see
that the windows cycle through the stacking order, moving up one
position in the stack each time a window is moved to the bottom
of the stack.

Making Stacked Windows Stick in Place
When you are working with stacked windows and select a window,
it moves to the top of the stack and is given input focus. You can,
however, prevent a partially obscured window from popping to the
top of the stack of windows when you select it. This means that
you can arrange the windows on your screen to display only what
you need to see and then secure them in place.

Using DECwlndows B-13

For example, you might have DECterm, Notepad, Mail, and
FileView windows open. If you arrange the windows so that the
portion of each window you need to work with is visible, you do
not want the window to pop to the top of the stack whenever you
select it. For example, you probably need to see just the last few
lines in the DECterm window so you can enter commands.
To lock overlapping windows in the stacking order:

Point to a window's push-to-back button.

Shift click on the button.
That window is pushed to the bottom of the stack.

The lower right-hand comer of the push-to-back button is filled to
indicate that the window is stuck in the stacking order. Although
the window will be given input focus when you select it, it will not
pop to· the top of the stack.
You can still, however, push a window that you've fixed in the
stacking order to the bottom or bring it to the top of the stack
to see it unobscured. Clicking on a window's filled push-to-back
button moves that window to the opposite position in the stack,
but does not give it input focus. Clicking on a filled push-to-back
button pushes an unobscured window to the bottom of the stack.
Clicking on a filled push-to-back button pops a partially or mostly
obscured window to the top of the stack.

Releasing Windows Locked in the Stacking Order
To release a window locked in the stacking order, shift click again
on its push-to-back button. If the window was on the bottom of
the stack, it pops to the top; if the window was on top, it is pushed
to the bottom. The window's push-to-back button is no longer
filled.

Editing Text
DECwindows provides many ways to edit text, which saves
you from retyping long file names or large blocks of text. Most
applications allow you to move or copy text
• From one place in a window to another.
• From one window to another window. For example, you can
copy text from one Create-Send window in Mail to another.
• From one application to another application. For example, you
can move a picture from Paint into a Cardfiler card.

B-14 Using DECwlndows

In addition, most applications provide an Edit menu that allows
you to cut, copy, and paste text and graphics. See the VMS
DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide for more information
about using the Edit menu in specific applications.
Finally, most applications define specific keys to let you perform
basic text editing operations. These keys let you move the cursor
and delete small amounts of text efficiently.

Selecting Text
Before you can copy or move text to other locations in a window or
between windows, you must select the text. You can copy text in
any increment, including a word, a line, or a paragraph at a time.
Text selection is progressive, meaning that the amount of text
selected increases with successive clicks ofMBl. The following
table describes how to select text.

Do this

Position the cursor where you want the
selection to start
Select a word

Point to the location and click MBl.

Select a line

Point to the line and triple click MB 1.

Select continuous text, from the original
selection point to the point where the
button is released

Press and hold MBl and drag the pointer through
the text.

Extend the current selection

Simultaneously press and hold the Shift; key and
MB 1 and drag the pointer through the additional
text.
Press and hold the Shift; key and click MB 1.

Extend the current selection to where the
pointer is positioned

Point to the word and double click MBl.

In addition, some applications provide a way for you to select
larger blocks of text at a time. For example, you can select a
paragraph of text in EVE by pointing to the paragraph and
clicking MBl four times. You can select an entire mail message or
the contents of a Notepad file by pointing to the text and clicking
MBl five times.
Only one piece of text can be selected at a time. By selecting text
in one application, you cancel any other text selection you may
have established in the same window or in another application.

Using DECwlndows B-15

Copying Text
If you can type text in a window, you can select and copy text from
one place to another in the same window, between windows of the
same application or between different applications.
You can also copy text from a FileView window-including
FileView's file list-into an application that supports text entry.

To copy text within a window, between windows in the same
application, or between applications:
Select the text you want to copy using the text selection
techniques described in the previous section.
2

Position the cursor where you want the text copied by pointing
and clicking MB 1.

Click MB3.
The text is copied to the new location.

The window from which you selected text takes input focus.
Sometimes, however, you want to copy text from another window
to your current window without losing input focus in your current
window. QuickCopy solves this dilemma.

To use QuickCopy:
1

In the current window, position the cursor where you want the
text copied by pointing and clicking MB 1.

In the other window, point to the text you want to copy.

Press and hold MB3.

Drag the pointer across the text you want to copy.
The text is underlined as you drag across it.

Release MB3.
The text is copied to the new location in your current window.

B-16 Using DECwlndows

Moving Text Between Windows
DECwindows also lets you work in one window, select text from
another, and move that text to the current window without losing
input focus in your current window. The text is deleted from its
original location.

To move text from one window to another:
In the current window, position the cursor where you want the
text pasted by pointing and clicking MBl.
Make sure the window has input focus.
2

In the other window, point to the text you want to move.

Press and hold ICtrl/MB3 I.

Drag the pointer across the text you want to move.
The text is underlined as you drag across it.

Release I Ctrl/MB3 I.
The text is moved to the new location and deleted from the
old.

Deleting Text with Pending Delete
When you mark text for pending delete, you can delete large
blocks of text with one keystroke instead of pressing the <ii
key repeatedly. You mark text for pending delete by selecting it
as described in the section Selecting Text. The selected text is
deleted when you press any key. You can then type new text.

To cancel a pending delete selection (once you select the text but
before you press a key), point to the selected text and click MBl.

Text Editing Key Definitions
You can use the text editing techniques described in the following
table to move the cursor or delete text in any DECwindows
application.

Using DECwlndows B-17

Press

Move the text cursor one character to the
right

Right arrow key. In a text field with only one line,
the text cursor does not move beyond the end of
the line. In a text field with multiple lines, the text
cursor moves to the first position in the next line.

Move the text cursor one character to the
left

Left arrow key. In a field with only one line, the text
cursor does not move beyond the beginning of the
line. In a field with multiple lines, the text cursor
moves to the last position in the previous line.

Move the cursor to the next word

Shift/right arrow keys.

Move the cursor to the previous word

Shift/left arrow keys.

Move the cursor up one line in a text
field with multiple lines
Move the cursor down one line in a text
field with multiple lines

Up arrow key.

Move the cursor to the beginning of the
line

F12 key or Ctr1/H keys.

Move the cursor to the end of the line

Shift/F12 keys or Ctrl/E keys.

Move the cursor forward between text
fields

Tab key.

Move the cursor backward between text
fields

Shift/Tab keys.

Delete the characters to the left of the
cursor up to and including the beginning
of the word

F13 key or Ctrl/J keys. (In EVE, Ctrl/J deletes
the characters to the right of the cursor up to and
including the end of the word.)

Delete the characters to the right of the
cursor up to and including the end of the
word

Shift/F13 keys. Not enabled in EVE.

Delete the character to the left of the
cursor and move all text to the right of
the deleted character one space to the
left
Delete the character after the cursor and
move all text to the right of the deleted
character one space to the left

<!Jkey.

Delete all characters to the start of the
line
Refresh the window

8-18 Using DECwlndows

Down arrow key.

Shift/<!1 keys. In overstrike mode, Shift/<il deletes
the character under the block cursor. Not enabled in
EVE.
Ctrl/U keys.
Ctrl/R keys.

Composing Special Characters
In DECwindows, you can use compose sequences to create special
characters. A compose sequence is a series of keystrokes that
creates characters that do not exist as standard keys on your
keyboard. See the list of multinational character and ISO Latin 1
compose sequences in the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications
Guide.
Depending on the keyboard type, you compose characters in either
of the following ways:
• Using three-stroke sequences on a VT200- or VT300-series
keyboard.
• Using two-stroke sequences on any VT200-series keyboard
except North American.

To compose a character using the list of compose sequences in
Appendix A in the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide:
1

Find the character you want to create in column 1.

To compose a three-stroke sequence, press and hold the
Compose key while you press the space bar, and then type the
two characters in column 2.
To compose a two-stroke sequence, type the two characters in
column 3. The desired character is displayed.

To cancel a compose sequence, press and hold the Compose key
while you press the space bar, or press the <XI key, Tab key,
Return key, or Enter key.
See the VMS DECwindows Desktop Applications Guide for
information about composing characters in DECterm.

Getting Help

You can get help in any DECwindows application by using
the Help menu. Help provides brief information about screen
objects, concepts, or tasks you can perform in applications. Some
applications also let you get help on specific screen objects, for
example, scroll bars and menu items, by using the Help key and
MBl.

Using DECwlndows B-19

Help is designed to let you request general information on an
application and quickly narrow the focus of your inquiry. In Help,
you can
• Navigate quickly through help topics. Help keeps track of the
path you used to get to a particular topic, which makes it easy
for you to retrace your steps and follow a different path.
• Search Help for a keyword or topic supplied by the application.

Invoking Help
To get help on tasks in DECwindows applications, choose the
Overview menu item from the application's Help menu.

A help window opens with the Overview topic displayed. The
Overview topic includes a list of additional topics that explain how
to do common tasks.
lb!l~

Hel~ on Calendar

Fiie

Edit

View

He~

DECwindows Calendar
This is the Overview topic for the DECwindo'Wl9 Calendar
Help library. The Calendar provides a sinple facility
for recording your maetings and other events. Like a
paper calendar, several different vie'Wl9 are available.
For exanple, it can display the whole year in a window,
or just one day, with all its appointments.

.:<

Addtlon{

Topics

I""'!

You can use the Help library as a source of taskoriented or descriptive infoJ:llll!ltion. Task-oriented Help
describes how to use the features of Calendar to carry
out specific tasks. For a list of the tasks, select
Using Calendar from the list of additional topics. Eaeh
Calendar feature is also described. Features are listed
below. Much of the information found here ean be
accessed m:>re quickly using context-sensitive Help.
For infornation about using Help, choose the Overview
menu item from the Help menu.

._.
Q

Additional topics:

Using Calendar
Menus
DECwindo'WS Calendar Displays
Brief History of the Gregorian Calendar
Julian Period

I Go Back I

I Exit I

• The help topic describes the task or object about which you
requested help. Scroll bars are displayed if the text cannot fit
in one frame.

B-20 Using DECwlndows

• The Additional topics list contains related topics that you can
select to display more information. You select these topics by
pointing to them and double clicking MBl.
• The help buttons, Go Back and Exit, let you display the
previous help frame or exit from Help.
'lb get help on bold such as menu names, scroll bars, and dialog
boxes, point to the screen object, and press and hold the Help key
on your keyboard while you click MBl. Note that help on objects
is not available in all DECwindows applications.
'lb get help on a menu item, press the Help key while you press
and hold MBl on the menu item, then release MBl.

A help window opens, displaying information on the object you
specified.
You can display product information about your application, such
as the software version number, by choosing the About menu item
from the application's Help menu. In some applications, the Help
menu also contains a Glossary menu item, which you can use to
look up terms specific to your application. For more information
about using Help, choose the Help menu item from the Help menu
in each application's help window.

Navigating in Help
When you select a topic from the Additional topics list in the
Overview window, you start down a path that is limited only by
your own curiosity. You can follow a path of topics by continuing
to select additional topics; retrace your steps and branch off to a
different topic, or return to the Overview frame and start down
another path.
'lb select an additional topic:

Point to the item and click MBl.
The topic is highlighted to indicate it is selected.
2

Choose the Go 'lb menu item from the View menu.

Faster still, just double click on the topic you want. Double
clicking on a topic is a shortcut for selecting the topic and
choosing the Go 'lb menu item.
Help displays the selected topic. You can continue to select other
topics from the Additional topics list or redisplay the topic you
last saw by clicking on the Go Back button.

Using DECwlndows B-21

If you want to display the cUITent topic and a new topic
simultaneously:
1

Select another topic from the Additional topics list.

Choose the Visit menu item from the View menu.

Instead of replacing the current help topic with the new topic,
another help window opens displaying information about the new
topic. You can then explore other topics from the new help window
and keep the current topic open for reference.
'lb see the path you followed to get to your current topic:

Choose the History... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box that lists the topics you have
already seen.

Double click on a topic to replace the current topic or select
a topic and click on the Visit button to open another help
window without replacing the current topic.

When you finish looking at a topic and want to close the help
window, click on the Exit button. 'lb return to the Overview
frame, choose the Go 'lb Overview menu item from the View menu
in any help window.

Searching Help for Titles and Keywords
You can search Help for words or phrases to see whether they
appear in topic titles or in help text. For example, you might want
to see whether a Mail help topic title contains the word "Sending",
or the topic in which the keyword "message" appears.
'lb search for a word or phrase contained in a topic title:

Choose the Title... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box.

In the Title text field, type the word or phrase for which you
want to search.
Leave this :field empty if you want Help to display a list of
every topic title.

Click on Apply.
Help displays the topics whose titles contain the word or
phrase you specified.

B-22 Using DECwlndows

'lb display the topic whose title contains the word or phrase you
searched for, double click on the topic or select it and click on
the Visit button. Help displays the topic in another window. The
Search 'lbpic Titles dialog box remains open for you to continue
your topic search.
Help for each application has predefined keywords that you can
search for. 'lb search for a keyword used in a topic:
1

Choose the Keyword... menu item from the Search menu.
Help displays a dialog box that lists the keywords defined for
that application.

Double click on the keyword for which you want to search.
Help lists the topics in which the keyword is used.

'lb display the topic in which the keyword in used, double click on
the topic or select it and click on the Visit button. Help displays
the topic in another window. The Search 'lbpic Keywords dialog
box remains open for you to continue your keyword search.

Exiting from Help
'lb exit from Help, click on the Exit button. If you have multiple
help windows open, you must close each one.

Putting a Session on Hold

At any time, you can put your current session on hold indefinitely
and lock your workstation without ending your session. When you
put your session on hold, your screen is cleared, but your session
is maintained exactly as it was. Any applications you started
continue to run.
'lb put your current session on hold, choose the Pause menu item
from the Session Manager's Session menu. Your screen is cleared
and the Continue Session dialog box is displayed. 'lb continue
your session, type your password and press Return. Once the
system verifies your password, your session resumes. If the
Continue Session dialog box remains on your screen, you probably
made a typing mistake. Click on the Clear button and type your
password again.

Using DECwlndows B-23

Ending a Session

You can end a session at any time. When you end a session,
DECwindows stops all applications and clears the screen.
'lb end your session:

Choose the Quit menu item from the Session Manager's
Session menu.

The Session Manager displays a dialog box asking you to
confirm that you want to end the session. Click on OK or
press IReturn I.

B-24 Using DECwlndows

Glossary
bitonal

Having pixels which are only 1 bit deep. Bitonal images have only two intensity
values, 1 and 0 (which usually correspond to black and white). Contrast with the
definitions for gray scale and multispectral.
brightness
A relative measure of light energy. Brighter objects emit more light energy.
CCllT

See Comite Consultatif ln'ternationale Telegraphi,que et Telephoni,que.
chrominance

Representation of color information in an image. Bitonal and gray scale images do
not contain chrominance information. Multispectral images, which are images with
more than one color, contain chrominance information.
clipboard

A DECwindows tool for cutting and pasting images between windows.
Comite Consultatif Internationale Telegraphique et Telephonique

An international consultative committee that sets international communications
usage standards, which include facsimile, mail, and image compression.

Glossary-1

complement mode
In scanning, the complement mode is the mode opposite that specified for a frame.
A window within a frame is scanned in the complement mode. For example, if the
scan mode for the frame is halftone, the complement mode for a window in the
frame is line art.
continuous tone
A photograph or an image that has shades of gray or gradations of color. Both gray
scale and multispectral images are called continuous tone images.
contrast
The degree of difference in brightness between the highlights and shadows of an
image.
coordinates
A system for locating objects on a plane. In imaging applications, X represents the
horizontal axis and Y represents the vertical axis, with the origin [0,0] at the upper
left comer of the image. Coordinates are discrete and are expressed in terms of
pixels.
cropping
The process of extracting a piece of an image, usually rectangular in shape, to create
a new, smaller image.
DCL IMAGE

A component of the DECimage Scan Software product set that provides users with
a set of DCL commands and qualifiers that apply and demonstrate basic imaging
capabilities. DCL IMAGE is an image-capable application built using the other
DECimage Application Services components.
DDIF

See Digi'tal Document Interchange Format.
DECwindows

Digital's implementation of the X Window System.

Glossary-2

Digital Document Interchange Format (DDIF)

A document architecture that allows for the interchange of revisable form compound
documents between Digital software systems. DDIF defines a standard for encoding
document data, including text, graphics, and images.
digital image processing

The manipulation of digital images by a computer, including:
• Acquiring images
• Manipulating and processing images
• Displaying images on video display devices and printers
digital images

Images represented in digital format. A digital image is a two-dimensional array of
pixels. Digital images contain both attribute information and pixel data.
Digital images can be either synthesized images or digitized images. They are
represented in memory by ISL as image frames, and on disk in one of the following
formats: bitmap, DDIF, PostScript, or sixel.
digitized image
An image captured from paper, film, or television by a digitizing device such as a
scanner. Digitized data is constructed from real-world data.
display device
The DECwindows workstation screen or the printable surface of an image-capable
printer.
dithering

A method of creating the illusion of continuous tone pictures on output displays that
are capable of producing only a few intensity levels.
dots per centimeter

The number of sample points per centimeter. This ratio is meaningful only during
digitizer or display operations.
dots per inch (dpi)

The number of sample points per inch. This ratio is meaningful only during digitizer
or display operations.

Glossary-3

dpc
See dots per centime'ler.
dpi

See dots per inch.
grain
An IIS image input device attribute. The grain attribute specifies the size of a
square cluster of dots in which a threshold value is applied to each dot. The result
is a distribution of black and white dots that gives the appearance of gray. This
attribute has an effect in halftone mode only.

gray scale
An image whose pixel values represent shades of gray (the number of gray levels
supported is 2n-1 where n is the depth of the image). Contrast with bitonal.
halftone

A method of creating the illusion of continuous tone pictures with bitonal
representation. Halftoning usually takes place during the input process.
image acquisition
The process of creating digitized images from analog data. The image acquisition
process requires a device that samples the physical attributes of an object or
scene that originates from the real world. An example of a device used in image
acquisition is a scanner, which measures the physical attribute of light.
image capable

The ability of an application or device to incorporate images and image processing
into its functionality. DCL IMAGE is an example of an image-capable application.
The PrintServer 40 is an example of an image-capable device.
image compression
A method of encoding an image for storage or transmission by using fewer bits
of data than the original, uncompressed image contains. Image compression may
result in an image that is not bit-identical with the original image.

Glossary-4

image input device

A hardware device, such as a scanner, used to digitize an image and store the image
data and attributes in an image :file.
landscape

The orientation of a document or image in which the width is greater than the
height
line art

A bitonal image or a mode of scanning that generates a threshold bitonal image.
moire pattern

A lithographic term for the effect produced when one halftone screen is overlaid
with another to produce an unwanted appearance of wavy lines.
monochrome
An image characteristic that indicates the image contains only points of one hue or

one color. Bitonal and gray scale images are often called monochromatic images.
multispectral
An image characteristic that indicates the image contains points of more than one

hue or color. Color images are often called multispectral images.
pan

To cause the screen image to appear to move horizontally or vertically.
pixel

A shortened form of the phrase "picture element" (also called pel). A pixel is the
smallest addressable unit in a digital image.
portrait

The orientation of a document or image in which the height is greater than the
width.
Postscript

A device-independent page description language that formats data for PostScript
printers such as the PrintServer 40.

Glossary-5

region of interest (ROI)
A region of interest (ROI) with a rectangular boundary constructed by the x- and ycoordinates of the beginning of the ROI; the number of pixels from the left comer
to the right comer; and the number of scanlines from the top comer to the bottom
corner.
render
'lb create a final form image file from a revisable form image for display on a specific
device.
resolution
An image input or output device attribute that describes the number of pixels per
unit length in height and width. See dots per centime'ter and dots per inch.
revisable form image
Includes image data and attributes. When combined, these form the source for final
form images. Data is in a format that may be transformed into other revisable form
images or final form images. Attributes necessary to describe and correctly render
for final form are provided. Contrast with final form images.
ROI

See region of in'terest.
rotate
'lb tum an image or region of interest around the z-axis for a specified number of
degrees.
rotation angle
The floating point number that specifies the degrees by which to rotate an image.
rubberband box
A rectangular region of interest defined by pressing MBl and dragging the mouse.
scan

The process by which a two-dimensional image is digitized. This process requires an
input device such as a scanner.

Glossary-6

scan frame

The area of the source document from which to transmit image data.
scanner
An image input device that reads data from a physical image and translates that
data to a stream of pixels. These pixels are then typically encoded as data and
transferred to a storage device.
scan window

The area of the screen in which an image is previewed after acquisition from the
scanner.
sixels

A group of six vertical pixels that represent a binary bitmap for a graphic device.
One sixel is encoded into one (printable) ASCII character. A series of sixels is used
to represent an image.
view
'lb display a final form image, generally on a video device.

Glossary-7

Index
A
Adjusting images
cropping, 5-7
rotating, 5-3
Applications
moving between, B-3
running as icons, B-12
Automatic Document Feeder, 3-9

B
Bitonal, 4-1
Brightness, 4-8

c
CCITr, 3-11
Characters, creating special keyboard,
B-19
Chrominance, 4-4
Clear All, 5-11
Clicking, B-2
Clipboard, 5-2
copying to, 5-6
cutting to, 5-6
pasting from, 5-7
Color images, 4-4
Commands menu
Scan option, 4-6

Commands menu (Cont.)
Select Scanner option, 4-5
Setup Scanner options, 4-6, 4-11
Complement mode, 4-10
Compose sequence, B-19
Compress, 3-11
Continuous tone, 4-1, 4-2
Contrast, 4-9
Coordinates, 4-12, 4-14, 4-16
Copying Regions, 5-6
Create/Directory command, 6-1
Cropping images, 5-7
Crop Region, 5-7
Cursor
moving, B-17
resizing, B-11
Customize menu, 3-1, 3-2
Delivery Settings option, 3-8
Display Settings option, 3-3
Restore Settings option, 3-3, 3-11
Save Settings option, 3-3, 3-11
Use Default Settings option, 3-3

D
DCL IMAGE, Glossary-2
DDIF, 1-1
DECwindows, 2-1, B-1 to B-24
Default options, choosing, B-7
Default Settings, 3-3

lndex-1

Delivery Mode, 3-11
Delivery Settings, 3-8
dialog box, 3-8 to 3-11
Dialog box, 3-1
components of, B-6
moving within, B-8
start session, 2-1
Display Settings, 3-3
dialog box, 3-3 to 3-8
Dithering, 4-4
Dots per centimeter, 4-8
Dots per inch, 3-5, 4-1
Double clicking, B-3
Dragging, B-2

E
Edit menu, 5-1
Copy option, 5-6
Crop Region option, 5-7
Cut option, 5-6
Paste option, 5-7
Reverse Region option, 5-9
Rotate Image option, 5-3
Undo option, 5-10
Wash Region option, 5-8
Enhancement options, 4-8 to 4-10
Error messages, A-2 to A-3
Exit, 6-6

F
File
automatic delivery of, 3-10
compression, 3-11
creating a directory, 6-1
mailing a file, 6-5
opening a file, 6-2
saving a file, 6-3
File menu, 6-1
Exit option, 6-6
Mail 'lb option, 6-5
Open As option, 6-2
Quit option, 6-6
Save As option, 6-3

lndex-2

Frame Setup dialog box, 4-11, 4-16

G
General Setup dialog box, 4-6
Grain, 4-9
Gray scale, 4-3

H
Halftone
scanning printed halftones, 4-1
Halftone Mode, 4-10, 4-11
grain adjustment, 4-9
Help
about DECwindows, B-19
choosing topics, B-21
invoking, B-20
wi~h Help key and MBl, B-21
menu items, 7-4
navigating, B-21
overview of DECimage Scan Software
7-2
,
requesting on objects, B-20
searching, B-22
using DECimage Scan Software Help
7-3
,
Help About window, 7-3
Help key, B-21
Help Overview window, 7-2
Help window, B-20

Icon
expanding to a window, B-13
storing in icon box, B-12
Image
acquisition, Glossary-4
compression, 3-11
input device, Glossary-5
scanning, 4-1
Input focus, B-3
.
giving to a window, B-13

K
Keys
text editing, B-17

L
Landscape image, 5-5
Line art, 4-1
List box, B-8
Luminance, 4-8

M
Magnify
percentage, 3-8
relationship to resolution, 3-4
Mail
transmitting an image, 6-5
Mail 'lb, 6-5
MD300 scanner, 1-1, 1-2, 4-1
Menu
See Option menu
See Pop-up menu
See Pull-down menu
See Submenu
Mode option, 4-10
Moire pattern, 4-1
Mouse, B-1
Multiple scanning, 3-9
Multispectral, 4-4

0
OpenAs, 6-2
Option button
defined, B-7
using, B-8
Option menu, B-6

p
Page Size, 4-9
Paste, 5-7
Pending delete, B-17

Pixels, Glossary-5
Pointing, B-2
Pop-up menu, B-5
Portrait image, 5-3
Pressing, B-2
Pull-down menu, B-3
Push button, B-7
Push-to-back button, B-13 to B-14

Q
QuickCopy
copying text with, B-16
Quit, 6-6
Quitting a DECimage Scan Software
session, .2-6

R
Rectangular ROI, 5-2
Region of interest, 5-2
Rendered image, 4-2
Resize button, B-11
Resolution, 4-8
Restore Settings, 3-3
dialog box, 3-11
Reverse Region, 5-9
Rotate Image
rotation angle for, 5-8
Rubberband box
used for scan frame setup, 4-12 to
4-14
used for window setup, 4-14 to 4-15
used to define regions of interest, 5-2

s
Save As, 6-3
Save CUITent Settings, 4-8
Save Settings, 3-1, 3-3, 4-10
dialog box, 3-11
Scale
defined, B-7
using, B-8
Scaled View window, 3-3

lndex-3

Scan Frame, 4-11
Scan Mode, 3-9
Scanner, 1-1, 1-2,4-1
frame setup, 4-11 to 4-16
general setup, 4-6 to 4-10
selection, 4-5
Scanner Setup dialog box, 4-6
Scan Pages, 3-10
Scan window, 3-1, 3-3, 3-6
Scan Windows, 4-11
Scrolling, B-9
Session
ending, 6-6, B-24
putting on hold, B-23
Session Manager, B-24
Setup Scanner dialog box
adjustment slider, 4-7
Shift clicking, B-3
Shrink-to-icon button, B-12
Sixels, 1-1
Slider, B-9
Software error messages, A-1
Stacked windows, B-13
Starting DECimage Scan Software, 2-3
Start Session dialog box, 2-1 to 2-2
Stepping arrow, B-9
Submenu, B-4

T
Terminating a DECimage Scan Software
session, 2-6
'Thrminating a DECwindows session
2-6
'
'Thxt
copying, B-16
deleting, B-17
editing, B-14, B-17
moving between windows, B-17
selecting, B-15, B-17
'Thxt entry fields
moving between, B-8
typing in, B-7

lndex-4

Title bar
moving a window with, B-10
Tuggle button, B-8
defined, B-7

u
Undo, 5-10
Undoing Changes
with the Edit Clear All command,
5-11
with the Edit Undo command, 5-10

w
Wash Region, 5-8
Window
changing size of, B-11
copying text between, B-16
directing typing to, B-3
locking in the stacking order, B-13
moving, B-10
moving text between, B-17
popping to top of stack, B-13
releasing from a fixed stacking order,
B-14
selecting, B-3, B-13
shrinking, B-12
stacking, B-13
Workstation
locking, B-23

How to Order Additional Documentation

Technical Support
If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs, call 800-343-4040
before placing your electronic, telephone, or direct mail order.

Electronic Orders
To place an order at the Electronic Store, dial 800-DEC-DEMO (800-332-3366) using
a 1200- or 2400-baud modem. If you need assistance using the Electronic Store,
call 800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825).

Telephone and Direct Mail Orders
Your Location

Call

Contact

Continental USA,
Alaska, or Hawaii

800-DIGITAL

Digital Equipment Corporation
P.O. Box CS2008
Nashua, New Hampshire 03061

Puerto Rico
Canada

809-754-7575

Local Digital subsidiary

800-267-6215

Digital Equipment of Canada
Attn: DECdirect Operations KA02/2
P.O. Box 13000
100 Herzberg Road
Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2A6

International

Local Digital subsidiary or
approved distributor

Intemal1

SSB Order Processing - WMO/E15
or
Software Supply Business
Digital Equipment Corporation
Westminster, Massachusetts 01473

1For internal orders, you must submit an Internal Software Order Form (EN-01740-07).

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User's Gulde
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