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Document:	VMS 5.0 National Character Set Utility Manual 198804
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VMS

•
VMS National Character Set Utility Manual

•
•
•
•

Order Number AA-LA82A-TE

VMS
National Character Set
Utility Manual
Order Number: AA-LA82A-TE

April 1988
This manual describes how to use the National Character Set Utility.

Revision/Update Information:

This is a new manual.

Software Version:

VMS Version 5.0

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

April 1988
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
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Contents
PREFACE

PART I-INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL
CHARACTER SET (NCS) UTILITY
NCS Description
1
1.1

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1. 5. 1

1.5.2
1.5.3

1.6
1.6.1

1.6.2

1.6.3

NCS-3
HOW TO BUILD AN NCS DEFINITION FILE
NCS-4
Naming NCS Definition Files
NCS-4
Structuring a Definition File
NCS-4
Notation Guidelines
NCS-6
Built-In Collating Sequences and Conversion Functions
NCS-7
Definition Expressions
NCS-8
Collating Sequence Expressions • NCS-8
1.5. 1. 1
Definition Name • NCS-8
1.5.1.2
Sequential Series of Expressions • NCS-8
1.5.1.3
Expression with Appended Collating Sequences• NCS-9
1.5.1.4
Modified Collating Sequence• NCS-9
1.5.1.5
Reversed Collating Sequence• NCS-10
1.5.1.6
Reordered Collating Sequence• NCS-10
Collating Strings with Pad Characters • NCS-10
Conversion Function Expressions• NCS-11
1.5.3.1
Definition Name• NCS-11
1.5.3.2
Sequential Series of Conversions• NCS-11
1.5.3.3
Modified Conversion Function• NCS-11
1.5. 3 .4
Inverted Conversion Function • NCS-12
1.5.3.5
Reordered Conversion Function • NCS-12
Keyword Clauses
NCS-13
Collating Sequence Keyword Clauses• NCS-13
1.6. 1. 1
CS Keyword Clause • NCS-13
1.6. 1.2
SEQUENCE Keyword Clause • NCS-14
1.6. 1.3
IDENT Keyword Clause • NCS-14
1.6. 1.4
MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause • NCS-15
Conversion Function Keyword Clauses• NCS-15
1.6.2. 1
CF Keyword Clause • NCS-15
1.6.2.2
IDENT Keyword Clause• NCS-16
1.6.2.3
MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause • NCS-16
MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause Syntax • NCS-16

Contents

PART 11-NCS COMMAND AND COMMAND
QUALIFIERS
NCS Usage Summary

NCS-21

NCS Command Qualifiers
/BEFORE
/COMPRESS
/CREATE
/DATA
/DELETE
/EXTRACT
/FORMAT
/FULL
/HISTORY
/INSERT
/LIBRARY
/LIST
/LOG
/MACRO
/ONLY
/OUTPUT
/REPLACE
/SINCE

APPENDIX A NATIONAL CHARACTER SET DEFINITIONS

NCS-22
NCS-23
NCS-24
NCS-25
NCS-26
NCS-27
NCS-28
NCS-29
NCS-30
NCS-31
NCS-32
NCS-33
NCS-34
NCS-35
NCS-36
NCS-38
NCS-39
NCS-40
NCS-41

A-1

INDEX

EXAMPLES
NCS-1

Typical Definition File

NCS-5

Contents

TABLES
NCS-1

NCS Language Notation

NCS-6

NCS-2

Formats for Collating Sequence MODIFICATIONS
Keyword Clauses

NCS-17

NCS Command Qualifier Relationships

NCS-22

NCS-3

vii

Preface
Intended Audience
This manual is intended primarily for system programmers and application
programmers.

Document Structure
This document consists of the following three sections:
•

Description-This section is in Part I. It provides a description of the
National Character Set (NCS) Utility and detailed instructions on how to
build NCS definition files.

•

Usage Summary-This section is in Part II. It outlines the following NCS
information:
- Invoking the utility
- Exiting from the utility
- Directing output
- Restrictions or privileges required

•

Qualifiers-This section is in Part IL It describes the NCS qualifiers,
including format, parameters, and examples.

Associated Documents
For related information about the NCS Utility, see the following documents:

•

VMS DCL Dictionary

•

Guide to VMS Programming Resources

•

VMS Sort/Merge Utility Manual

•

VMS Librarian Utility Manual

Preface

Conventions
Convention

Meaning
In examples, a key name (usually abbreviated)
shown within a box indicates that you press
a key on the keyboard; in text, a key name is
not enclosed in a box. In this example, the key
is the RETURN key. (Note that the RETURN
key is not usually shown in syntax statements
or in all examples; however, assume that you
must press the RETURN key after entering a
command or responding to a prompt.)

CTRL/C

A key combination, shown in uppercase with a
slash separating two key names, indicates that
you hold down the first key while you press the
second key. For example, the key combination
CTRL/C indicates that you hold down the key
labeled CTRL while you press the key labeled C.
In examples, a key combination is enclosed in a
box.

$SHOW TIME
05-JUN-1988 11:55:22

In examples, system output (what the system
displays) is shown in black. User input (what
you enter) is shown in red.

$TYPE MYFILE.DAT

In examples, a vertical series of periods, or
ellipsis, means either that not all the data that
the system would display in response to a
command is shown or that not all the data a
user would enter is shown.

input-file, ...

In examples, a horizontal ellipsis indicates
that additional parameters, values, or other
information can be entered, that preceding
items can be repeated one or more times, or
that optional arguments in a statement have
been omitted.

[logical-name]

Brackets indicate that the enclosed item is
optional. (Brackets are not, however, optional
in the syntax of a directory name in a file
specification or in the syntax of a substring
specification in an assignment statement.)

quotation marks
apostrophes

The term quotation marks is used to refer
to double quotation marks (" ). The term
apostrophe ( ') is used to refer to a single
quotation mark.

Part I-Introduction to the National Character Set
(NCS) Utility
Part I introduces you to the National Character Set (NCS) Utility and
provides details about building NCS definition files.

NCS Description
In processing strings, two common functions are collating and conversion.
Collating sequences provide a means of comparing strings for sorting
purposes; conversion functions provide a means for deriving an altered
form of an input string based on a conversion algorithm.
The National Character Set (NCS) Utility provides a common facility for
defining collating sequences and conversion functions, registering them as
definition modules in an NCS library, and providing a means for making
them locally accessible to application programmers and system programmers.
See Appendix A for a listing of the definition modules that are included in
the default NCS library.
Typically, NCS collating sequences are selective subsets of the Multinational
Character Set. NCS collating sequences find widespread use in international
applications. For example, a Spanish collating sequence would resolve sorting
weights for characters you might encounter when processing strings from the
Spanish language.
NCS permits you to build collating sequences unique to your particular
programming situation. For example, if you want the character C to collate
between the characters G and H, you can retrieve the particular collating
sequence from a central library, make the appropriate modifications, and
then store the modified collating sequence in a local library that is readily
accessible to your application program.
You can implement NCS from an application program using the program
interface that includes 10 callable NCS routines. The callable routines permit
you to access collating sequences and conversion functions stored as definition
modules in an NCS library. You can also use the NCS routines to save the
definitions in a local library for subsequent use by comparison and conversion
routines called from the application program. For instructions on using the
NCS routines, see the VMS Utility Routines Manual.
This manual provides information about how to use NCS interactively, using
the DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) interface for doing the following
library operations:
•

Creating NCS libraries

•

Inserting definition modules in NCS libraries

•

Replacing definition modules in NCS libraries

•

Extracting definitions from NCS library modules

•

Deleting definition modules from NCS libraries

•

Other tasks associated with library operations, including listing the library
contents, directing the output of the library, and logging library activities

By default, DCL attempts to replace definition modules in the default NCS
library with definitions from a specified source file. That is, if you specify no
qualifiers, DCL assumes you want to replace definition modules in the default
NCS library. If you specify no definition source file, DCL prompts you for
one, as shown in the following example.

NCS-3

NCS Description

$ NCS
_File:

Any other library activity requires you to use one or more command
qualifiers. You may designate any NCS library as the object of a command
by assigning it the logical name NCS$LIBRARY.
The rest of Part I provides instructions for building NCS definition files.

How to Build an NCS Definition File
The following subsections describe the language syntax you must use when
building NCS collating sequence definitions and NCS conversion function
definitions. You can use any standard text editor to build definition files.
All definition files have the following characteristics:

1 .1

•

Include one or more definitions.

•

Have no restriction on including a mix of collating sequence definitions
and conversion function definitions in a single definition file.

•

Use the file type NCS.

•

Have comments delimited by an exclamation point ( ! ).

•

Do not permit line continuation for comments.

Naming NCS Definition Files
Each definition file should begin with a name that describes its contents.
For example, if you want to convert strings of multinational characters
to lowercase, use a name like MULTI _TO_LOWER. You can name NCS
definition files using up to 31 characters including the letters A through Z and
a through z, the numbers 0 through 9, the dollar sign ( $ ), and the underscore
character(_). Note that spaces are not allowed and that you may use either
uppercase or lowercase letters when formulating definition names.

1 .2

Structuring a Definition File
Each definition file consists of the following elements, in this order:
1

Definition name

Equal sign ( = )

Definition expression

Terminat;hg semicolon (;)

A definition file has the following format:
definition_name
definition_expression;
definition_name = definition_expression;

definition _name

NCS-4

definition _expression

NCS Description

Example NCS-1 includes excerpts from a definition file that provides several
EDT conversion functions.
Example NCS-1

Typical Definition File

Define the EDT fallback conversion function, and UNEDT, its inverse.
Note that applying EDT and then UNEDT to a file may not result in the
original file, if, for example, the original file contains the string 11 -A 11 .
EDT_VT2xx = CF(
CF = _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS= (
%XOO = 11 -© 11 ,
11 -A",
%X01
%X02 = 11 -B",

%XFO = 11 <XF0> 11 ,
%XFE = "<XFE> 11 ,
%XFF = 11 <XFF>"));
UNEDT_VT2xx = INVERSE(EDT_VT2xx);
!Start of definition EDT (a modified version of EDT_VT2xx)
EDT = CF(
CF = EDT_VT2xx,
MODIFICATIONS= (
%XAO = "<XAO>",
11
%XA1
<!! >",
%XA2 = "<C/> 11 ,

%XFB
%XFC
%XFD

"<u-> 11 ,
"<u'"'>",
"<y" 11 >11 )) ;

!Definition UNEDT (the complement of EDT)
UNEDT = INVERSE(EDT);
!The next 2 definitions - EDT! and UNEDT1 UNEDT1(EDT1(string))
! ... always gives the original string.

are structured such that ...

EDT!

CF(CF=EDT,MODI=(
11-11
11-=11
11<11 = "<=11));

!The complement of EDT!
UNEDT1 = INVERSE(EDT1);

Section 1.3 describes the notation used in NCS definitions. The expressions
and keyword clauses that comprise NCS definitions are described in Sections
1.5 and 1.6.

NCS-5

NCS Description

1 .3

Notation Guidelines
Table NCS-1 lists the language notation to be used in NCS definition files.
Table NCS-1
Notation

NCS Language Notation
Meaning
Starts a comment

()

Establishes entity grouping for ordering operations.
In a collating sequence clause, reads literally left term
collates as right term; in a conversion function clause,
reads literally term converts to right term

In a collating sequence clause, reads literally left term
collates just greater than right term

In a collating sequence clause, reads literally left term
collates just less than right term

Within a clause, indicates string concatenation; in an
expression, indicates an appended collating sequence
Indicates a series of expressions comprising one definition
Indicates a range of string data

/Ill

Encloses literal string data

Indicates the start of a string numeric value

Indicates a decimal numeric value

Indicates a hexadecimal numeric value

Indicates an octal numeric value
Delimits expressions and clauses
Terminates an NCS definition

You can construct a definition in free form using indentation and one item
per line to improve readability. For example, the following definition is
functionally Cl<_:ceptable, but is difficult to read:
FRENCH NRC TO MULTI =
- CF(CF= IDENTITY,MODIFICATIONS=

(11#11="£", 11@11="a11, 11 ["="011,
"\ 11 = 11 Y 11 I 11 ] ll=ll§ll 1 II { 11 ="e 11 1
II I "=llu", II} ll=lle", ""'a "="a",
""'e"="e", ""'o"="o", ""'u"= 11 u",
"-a"= 11 a", 11 -e"="e", 11 -0 11 ="0")
ZK-6571-HC

Using indentation and one item per line makes the same definition much
easier to read:

NCS-6

NCS Description

FRENCH_NRC_TO_MULTI = CF(
CF = IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS=(
ll:jfll
11@11

"£11'

II["

"0"

"\"

"9"'
"§"'

II]"
II {II

"I"

"}"
""a"
ll"e"

""o"
""u"

"-a"
"-e"
11.,,.0"

"a",
'

"e"'
"u",
lie",
"a"'
"e",
"o",
"u",
"§."I

"e11,
"o"))
ZK-6572-HC

When you format a file for readability, do not omit the required punctuation.
Strings can be represented literally and numerically. If you use literal strings
(as in the preceding example), you must enclose them in double quotation
marks ( ").
If you choose to represent strings numerically, you can use either decimal,
hexadecimal, or octal numbers. You must precede numeric values by a
percent sign ( % ) and the appropriate radix symbol (D for decimal, X for
hexadecimal, 0 for octal). Note that you can use only digits that represent a
single character, and that the radix notation must be less than decimal 256,
regardless of the numbering system you use.

For example, the following statement from the previous example may be
coded using a literal string or a numeric string:
n-e"
11

-e"

"e",
11

%XEB

literal string
11

"e" represented as hexadecimal number

Numeric strings are particularly appropriate when processing characters from
either the ASCII subset or the EBCDIC subset.

1.4

Built-In Collating Sequences and Conversion Functions
NCS includes two built-in definitions: the _NATIVE collating sequence
and the _IDENTITY conversion function. You use the built-in definitions
as a basis for creating other collating sequences and conversion functions.
The built-in definitions are distinguished by the leading underscore in their
names. Note that the built-in collating sequence and the built-in conversion
function are not stored in the NCS library and cannot be modified.
The _NATIVE collating sequence collates strings by ascending numeric value.
For collating purposes, the null character (NUL) has the lowest value of all
characters in the set.
Following is an example of how you might use the _NATIVE collating
sequence to specify a collating sequence:
MY_CS = _NATIVE * (MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS * MULTI_TO_LOWER)

NCS-7

NCS Description

The _IDENTITY conversion function reproduces each input string character
as an output string character, except for characters that are explicitly being
modified. Following is an example of using the _IDENTITY conversion
function:
MY_CF = CF(CF = _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS=("ME"
"NOW"
"BLUE"

"YOU"
"THEN"
"RED")

Using this conversion function, the input string Tell me now the sky is blue is
converted to the output string Tell you then the sky is red.

1 .5

Definition Expressions
You can define collating sequences and conversion functions using various
types of expressions. Section 1.5.1 describes the types of expressions used
in formulating collating sequences. Section 1.5.3 describes the types of
expressions used to define conversion functions.
Note that vertical ellipses are used in some examples to indicate omitted code.
1.5.1

1.5.1.1

Collating Sequence Expressions
You can define collating sequences using any combination of the following
types of expression:

•

The name of an existing collating sequence

•

A sequential series of collating sequences

•

An expression that includes appended collating sequences

•

A modified collating sequence

•

A reversed collating sequence

•

A reordered collating sequence

Definition Name
You can create a new collating sequence by equating it to the name of an
existing collating sequence, using the following format:
new_collating_sequence

name_oLexisting_collating_sequence,

Following is an example of this type of expression:
MY_COLLATING_SEQUENCE = MULTINATIONAL_!,

1.5.1.2

Sequential Series of Expressions
You can create a new collating sequence from a sequential series of
expressions, including one or more conversion functions and an existing
collating sequence, in the following format:

new_collating_sequence = collating_sequence * conversion_function_ 1 * conversion_function_2,

NCS processes the conversion functions first, going from right to left, and
then applies the collating sequence. All processes are completed within a
single pass.

NCS-8

NCS Description

Following is an example of using a sequential series of expressions to create a
collating sequence:
MY_COLLATING_SEQUENCE = CS(CS =_NATIVE* MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS * MULTI_TO_UPPER),

The conversion functions convert uppercase letters to lowercase letters and
strip the diacritical marks. The result is then combined with the _NATIVE
collating sequence to derive a collating sequence that behaves as though the
input strings have been converted and then compared by their numeric value.
1.5.1.3

Expression with Appended Collating Sequences
You can create a collating sequence using an existing collating sequence and
up to two appended collating sequences, in the following format:

new_collating_sequence = collating_sequence_ 1 + collating_sequence_2 + collating_sequence_3,

NCS processes the leftmost collating sequence in the first pass, and proceeds
to process each of the remaining collating sequences going from left to right,
using an individual pass for each.
You can include conversion functions with each of the collating sequences
using the asterisk ( *) operator, in the following format:
new_collating_sequence = collating_sequence_ 1 * conversion_a * conversion_b + ... + ... ,

Although there is no limitation on the number of conversion functions
you can use with each collating sequence, you should try to minimize the
complexity of the expression by limiting the number of conversion functions.
In a complex expression having several collating sequences with associated
conversion functions, NCS applies conversion functions only to the related
collating sequence. When NCS detects a distinction between the two strings
being compared, the comparison function terminates.
Following is an example of creating a collating sequence using an existing
collating sequence with an appended collating sequence:
MY_COLLATING_SEQUENCE = CS(CS =MULTINATIONAL_!+ MULTINATIONAL_2 * UPCASE * NODIACRITICALS),

1.5.1.4

Modified Collating Sequence
You can create a collating sequence from a modified collating sequence using
keyword clauses, in the following format:
new_collating_sequence = CS(keyword_clause,keyword_clause, ... ),

The expression begins with a definition identifier (CS) followed by several
keyword clauses enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas. The first
keyword clause identifies the collating sequence that serves as a basis for the
new collating sequence, and the second keyword clause lists the appropriate
modifications.
Following is an example of an expression that uses keyword clauses to create
a new collating sequence by modifying an existing collating sequence. Each
uppercase character gets the same collating weight as the associated lowercase
character.
MY_COLLATING_SEQUENCE =
CF(CF = _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS=(
%X41-%X5A = %X61-%X7A,
%XCO-%XCF = %XEO-%XEF,
%XD1-%XDD = %XF1-%XFD));

Base collating sequence
Modifications
to the base
collating sequence

NCS-9

NCS Description

1.5.1.5

Reversed Collating Sequence
You can create a new collating sequence by specifying the reverse order of an
existing collating sequence, using the following format:
new_collating_sequence = REVERSE(existing_collating_sequence)

Using this form of expression, you might create a collating sequence where
the letter C would collate greater than B, and the letter B would collate greater
than A.
Here is an example of using a reverse order collating sequence expression:
MY_COLLATING_SEQUENCE = REVERSE(_NATIVE),

Using this expression, you could give collating weight precedence to
lowercase characters over uppercase characters.

1.5.1.6

Reordered Collating Sequence
You can create a new collating sequence by reordering an existing expression
through the use of parentheses.

In the following example, NCS applies the conversion_function and compares
the input strings using collating_sequence_b as a comparison basis in the
first pass. If the strings do not compare, NCS compares the strings using
collating_sequence_a as a basis during a second pass.
old_collating_sequence = collating_sequence_a + collating_sequence_b * conversion_function,

If you want to do the comparisons in a single pass using the sum of the
collating sequences, reorder the operation using parentheses, as shown in the
following example:
new_collating_sequence = (collating_sequence_a + collating_sequence_b) * conversion_function,

1.5.2

Collating Strings with Pad Characters
In some instances, you may need to collate strings padded with one or more
pad characters. Typically, a string may be padded with the ASCII SP ACE
character, but the pad character can be defined as any character. In order to
avoid ambiguity when collating padded character strings, specify the collating
value of the pad character in your collating sequence definition. For example,
if you want to specify the collating weight of a pad character in a collating
sequence, you might use the following statement:
NATIVE_SPACEPAD = CS(CS=_NATIVE, MOD=(""= %X20));

This states that the shorter string should be treated as if it were padded with
spaces for collating purposes. For example, the string ABC <SP> <SP>
would have the same collating weight as the string ABC.

NCS-10

NCS Description

1.5.3

1.5.3.1

Conversion Function Expressions
You can define conversion functions using any combination of the following
types of expression:

•

The name of an existing conversion function

•

A sequential series of conversions

•

A modified conversion function

•

An inverted conversion function

•

A reordered conversion function

Definition Name
You can create a new conversion function from an existing conversion
function by equating the new function to the name of the existing function,
using the following format:
new _conversion _function = name_of_existing_conversion _function;

Following is an example of this type of expression:
MY_CONVERSION = MULTI_TO_LOWER;

1.5.3.2

Sequential Series of Conversions
You can create a new conversion function by expressing it as the result of a
sequential series of conversions, using the following format:
new_conversion_function = conversion_ 1 * conversion_2 * conversion_3;

NCS applies a sequential series of conversions in a single pass beginning
with the rightmost conversion and continuing right to left. In the preceding
format, conversion_3 is applied before conversion_2, and conversion_2 before

conversion _1.
Following is an example of a conversion function derived through a sequential
series of conversions:
MY_CONVERSION = MCS_NODIACRITICALS * MCS_LOWER;

1.5.3.3

Modified Conversion Function
You can create a conversion function from another conversion function
appropriately modified through the use of keyword clauses, in the following
format:
new_conversion_function = CF(keyword_clause,keyword_clause, ... )

The expression begins with a definition identifier (CF) followed by several
keyword clauses enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas. The first
keyword clause identifies the conversion function that serves as the basis for
the new conversion function. The second keyword clause lists the appropriate
modifications.
Following is an example of an expression that uses keyword clauses to create
a new conversion function:
EDT1 = CF(CF=EDT,MODIFICATIONS=(
11-11
11-=11
11<11 = "<=11));

In this example, the new conversion function (EDTl) is a modified
representation of an existing conversion function (EDT).
NCS-11

NCS Description

1.5.3.4

Inverted Conversion Function
You can create a new conversion function by logically inverting an existing
conversion function, using the following format:
new_conversion_function = INVERSE(CF_expression)

Typically, you use inversion when you want to restore a converted string to
its original form. For example, assume you have the following conversion
function:
EDT1 = CF(
CF = _IDENTITY, MODI

%X01 = "AA"'
%X02 = "AB"'
%X03 = "AC"'
%X04 = "AD"'
%X05 = "AE"'
%X06 = "AF"'
%X07 = "AG"'

"" = %XOO));
Now assume you want to convert the output string back to the original input
string. To do this, you can use the following conversion function:
UNEDT1 = INVERSE(EDT1)

1.5.3.5

my_cs

Reordered Conversion Function
You can effectively reorder conversion functions using parentheses. For
example, the following format results in a two-pass comparison where
collating_sequence_a is used as the basis for comparing the input strings
during the first pass:

collating_sequence_a + collating_sequence_b * conversion_c * conversion_d,

If the strings do not compare, conversion_d and conversion_c are applied to

the input strings and then the strings are compared on the second pass based
on collating_sequence_b,
If you want a one-pass comparison that converts input strings and then

compares them using the composite effects of collating_sequence_a and
collating_sequence_b, add parentheses, as follows:
my_cs

NCS-12

(collating_sequence_a + collating_sequence_b) * conversion_c * conversion_d,

NCS Description

1.6

Keyword Clauses
Keyword clauses are the basic elements of a collating sequence definition.
They are used to establish the basis for each collating sequence, to explicitly
define modifications where applicable, and to optionally assign a version
number to the collating sequence.
As described previously, a definition expression can take the form of a
definition identifier (CS or CF) followed by a set of one or more keyword
clauses enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas, as follows:
new_expression = CS(keyword_clause,keyword_clause, ... )

All keyword clauses begin with a keyword followed by the equal sign and a
value:
keyword

value

The value varies with the keyword, as shown in the next two sections.
Note that you can abbreviate any keyword as long as the abbreviated form is
not ambiguous.

1.6.1

Collating Sequence Keyword Clauses
There are four types of keyword clauses you can use to build a collating
sequence expression:

• cs
•

SEQUENCE

•

IDENT

•

MODIFICATIONS

Each of these is described in the following subsections.

1.6.1.1

CS Keyword Clause
The CS keyword clause equates the keyword CS to a collating sequence
expression that can take any one of the forms described in Section 1.5. The
CS keyword clause typically establishes the collating basis for a collating
sequence unless you use the SEQUENCE keyword clause. The CS keyword
clause uses the following format:
CS = CS_expression

The following example illustrates the use of the CS keyword clause:
MULTINATIONAL_2 = CS(
IDENT = "V1.0",

! Define temporary for second pass.

CS = _NATIVE * MULTI_TO_UPPER,

MODIFICATIONS= (
%XC6 > "Z",
%XD8 > %XC6,

AE diphthong
! 0 with slash

%XEO-%XEF = %XCO-%XCF,
%XF1-%XFD = %XD1-%XDD) );

NCS-13

NCS Description

1.6.1.2

SEQUENCE Keyword Clause
The SEQUENCE keyword clause establishes the collating basis for a collating
sequence when the CS keyword clause is not appropriate. Typically, you use
this keyword clause when you do not have an existing collating sequence that
is appropriate for your application and thus must fabricate one.
The following example illustrates the use of the SEQUENCE keyword clause
in fabricating the Dutch collating sequence:

DUTCH= CS(
SEQUENCE
(%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "£", "0", "A", "["-""', "{"-"l", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS= ("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", 11 A11 -"A" = "A", "<;" = "C", "E"-"E" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I", 11 6 11 - 11 6 11 = "0", "U"-"U" = "U", "Y" = "Y", "a"-"a"
"A",
"a"-"re" ="A"-"£", 11 9 11 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"l." ="I", "n" = "N",
"o"-"o" = "O", "12'" = "0", "u"-"u" = "U", ":Y" = "Y", "<E" = "OE",
".B" ="SS", "re"= "<E", "" < %XOO))
+CS( SEQUENCE= (%X00-"A", "A 11 -"A 11 , "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "<E", "O", 11 6 11 - 11 6 11 , "P"-"R", ".B",
"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "£", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"l",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"l." = 11 A 11 -"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6573-HC

In this example, the first SEQUENCE keyword clause establishes~he collating
sequence for the entire character set from %XOO through %XFF during the
first pass. The associated MODIFICATIONS keyword clause effectively masks
the lowercase characters and diacritical characters by equating each lowercase
alphabetical character to its related uppercase alphabetical character, and
by equating each diacritical character to its related nondiacritical, uppercase
character.
During the second pass, the second SEQUENCE keyword clause establishes
the collating sequence for the diacritical characters. The associated
MODIFICATIONS keyword clause masks all lowercase characters, both
diacritical and nondiacritical, by equating them to their related uppercase
character.
1.6.1.3

IDENT Keyword Clause
The IDENT keyword clause is a special-purpose keyword clause that permits
you to assign a version number to the collating sequence. The following
example illustrates using the IDENT keyword to assign Version 1.0 to the
Spanish collating sequence:
SPANISH = CS(
!DENT= "V1.0",
CS = MULTINATIONAL,

) ) ;

NCS-14

NCS Description

1.6.1.4

MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause
The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause is typically used with the built-in
collating sequence _NATIVE to derive a modified version of the collating
sequence.
In the following example, the new collating sequence
(MULTINATIONAL_l) applies two conversion functions
(MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS and MULTI_TO_UPPER) to the input
strings. Then the collating sequence uses a modified version of the built-in
collating sequence, _NATIVE, as the basis for comparing the strings.
The first group of modifications assigns collating weights to the listed special
characters. For example, the uppercase N tilde character ( N) is assigned the
same collating weight as the alphabetic character ( N ). The second group of
modifications gives each lowercase character the same collating weight as the
associated uppercase character.
MULTINATIONAL_! = CS(
CS = _NATIVE * ( MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS * MULTI_TO_UPPER ) ,
MODIFICATIONS=(
! Special characters
!

%XC6 > "Z",
%XD8 > %XC6,
%XC5 > %XD8,
%XD1 > "N",
%XDF ="SS",
%XD7 ="DE",

AE diphthong
0 with slash
A with ring
N tilde
S sharp
OE ligature

! Define lowercase to collate the same as uppercase
!

%XEO-%XEF = %XCO-%XCF,
%XF1-%XFD = %XD1-%XDD) );

1.6.2

Conversion Function Keyword Clauses
There are three types of keyword clauses you can use to build a conversion
function:
•

•

IDENT

•

MODIFICATIONS

Each of these is described in the following subsections.

1.6.2.1

CF Keyword Clause
The CF keyword clause equates the keyword CF to a conversion function
expression, which can take any one of the forms described in Section 1.5.
The general form for the CF keyword clause follows:
CF = CF_expression

NCS-15

NCS Description

The following example illustrates the use of the CF keyword clause:
MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS = CF(
!DENT= "V1.0",

CF • _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS=(
%XCO-%XC5 = "A",

%XF9-%XFC = "u",
%XFD = "y") );

Various forms of "A" assigned same weight

! Various forms of "u" assigned same weight
!

Y umlaut assigned weight of "y"

See Section 1.4 for details on the use of the _IDENTITY built-in definition.
1.6.2.2

I DENT Keyword Clause
The IDENT keyword clause is a special-purpose keyword clause that permits
you to assign a version number to the conversion function. The following
example illustrates the use of the IDENT keyword clause to assign Version
1.0 to a conversion function:
MULTI_TO_LOWER = CF(

IDENT = "V1.0",
CF = _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS=(
%X41-%X5A = %X61-%X7A,

Characters A-Z

%XD1-%XDD = %XF1-%XFD) );

1.6.2.3

Various characters

MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause
The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause is used in conjunction with another
conversion function, typically the built-in conversion function _IDENTITY, to
derive a modified version of the conversion function. The MODIFICATIONS
keyword clause causes NCS to modify the specified conversion function,
making changes in the specified order.
The following example illustrates the use of the MODIFICATIONS keyword
clause in a conversion function:
MULTI_TO_UPPER = CF(
!DENT = "V1.0",
CF= INVERSE(MULTI_TO_LOWER),

MODIFICATIONS=(UDF ="SS",

Y.XD7 ="OE");)

In this example, the MODIFICATIONS keyword clause masks the lowercase
sharp s (B) by equating it to the character pair SS and the uppercase OE
ligature (CE) by equating it to the character pair OE.
1.6.3

MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause Syntax
This section expands on the syntax requirements for developing
MODIFICATIONS keyword clauses in an NCS expression.
The conversion function MODIFICATIONS keyword clause uses the following
format:
left_string = right_string

NCS-16

NCS Description

NCS treats this as left string converts to right string. The following example
illustrates the use of a MODIFICATIONS keyword clause in a conversion
function:

CF = _IDENTITY,
MODIFICATIONS= (
%X41-%X5A = %X61-%X7A,

In this example, NCS treats the MODIFICATIONS keyword clause as
uppercase characters convert to lowercase characters, where the source string is
a range of hexadecimal numbers representing uppercase alphabetic characters
and the destination string is a range of hexadecimal numbers representing
lowercase alphabetic characters.
Note that the equal sign ( =) is always the sign of operation for conversion
function MODIFICATIONS keyword clauses.
The various formats for the collating sequence MODIFICATIONS keyword
clause are listed in Table NCS-2.
Table NCS-2

Formats for Collating Sequence MODIFICATIONS
Keyword Clauses

Format

Interpretation

string = string

left string collates as right string

range = string

left range collates as right string

range = range

left range collates as right range

string > string

left string collates just greater than right string

range > string

left range collates just greater than right string

ra.nge > range

left range collates just greater than right range

string

< string

range

< string

left range collates just less than right string

range

< range

left range collates just less than right range

left string collates just less than right string

You can specify a range of values in a keyword clause, using the following
format:
string 1 - string2

The following example shows how to assign the left string the same collating
value as the right string:

CS= _NATIVE* ( MULTI_TO_NODIACRITICALS * MULTI_TO_UPPER ),
MODIFICATIONS= (
%XDF ="SS",

NCS-17

NCS Description

The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause in this example states that the
hexadecimal value for S sharp (%XDF) has the same collating value as SS.
The next example shows various source strings being assigned collating values
that are relatively greater than, less than, and equal to the destination strings:

MODIFICATIONS=(
%XDF > "S",
%XD7 < "0",
%XF7 = %XD7) );

S sharp
OE ligature
oe ligature

Here the hexadecimal value for S sharp collates just greater than the letter S,
the hexadecimal value for the uppercase (£ ligature collates just less than the
letter 0, and the hexadecimal value for the lowercase re ligature collates equal
to uppercase (£.
You can also assign a range of strings the same collating value as a single
string. For example, if you want to assign all of the lowercase alphabetical
characters the same collating weight as a null character that typically has the
lowest collating value in a set, you would state it as follows:

CS = _NATIVE
MODIFICATIONS=(
%X61-%X7A = %XOO,

In building a definition file, you can compose a definition that is not
compatible with NCS because the function is not well defined or because of
some restriction NCS may impose on the function. In analyzing a definition,
use the NCS/EXTRACT command to retrieve the function (see Part II). The
NCS /EXTRACT command restructures the definition in its most basic form.
The resulting definition may not be as efficient as the original definition but it
is generally more logically structured and easier to read.

NCS-18

Part 11-NCS Command and Command Qualifiers
Part II describes the NCS command and its qualifiers.

NCS Usage Summary
The NCS command invokes the National Character Set (NCS) Utility, which
performs NCS library functions specified by NCS qualifiers. By default,
NCS tries to replace the definition modules in the default NCS library with
the definitions in the specified input file. All other NCS library functions
require explicit command qualifiers.

PARAMETER
PARAMETER

NCS {input-filespec}
[input-filespec, .. .]
Where applicable, specifies the name of one or more input files containing
definitions that NCS is to use to perform the action specified by the command
qualifier. By default, NCS attempts to replace modules in the default NCS
library with definitions in the input file.
You must specify an input file when you want to either replace or insert a
module in the specified NCS library. Specifying an input file is optional when
you want to create a new library.
If you specify several input files, you must separate them with commas (, ).

The default file type for input files is NCS.

usage summary

Invoke the NCS Utility by entering the DCL command NCS. The NCS Utility
exits when the specified command operations are completed. If you use the
/LIST qualifier, you can direct output to a specified file. If you do not specify
a file, the output is directed to SYS$0UTPUT.

NCS-21

NCS Qualifiers
NCS Command Qualifiers

NCS
COMMAND
QUALIFIERS

You may use one qualifier, no qualifiers, or several qualifiers with the NCS
command, depending on the library functions you want to perform. Most
of the qualifiers are compatible with one another artd some require that you
enter a related qualifier to do a specific task.
Table NCS-3 lists qualifiers that require a related qualifier and qualifiers that
are incompatible.

Table NCS-3

NCS Command Qualifier Relationships

Qualifier

Related Qualifiers

/BEFORE 2

/LIST

Incompatible Qualifiers

/COMPRESS

/OUTPUT, /LIBRARY

/CREA TE, /EXTRACT

/CREATE 1

/LIBRARY

/COMPRESS, /EXTRACT

/DATA

/COMPRESS, CREATE

/EXTRACT /INSERT /REPLACE
I

/DELETE

/LIBRARY

/CREA TE, /EXTRACT

/EXTRACT

/LIBRARY, /MACRO,
/OUTPUT

/COMPRESS, /CREA TE, /DELETE

/FORMAT 3

/MACRO

/LIST

/HISTORY 2

/LIST

/INSERT

/LIBRARY

COMPRESS, /CREA TE,
/DELETE, /EXTRACT
/INSERT /LIST /REPLACE

/FULL

/EXTRACT

/LIST

/BEFORE, /FULL,
/HISTORY /LIBRARY
/ONL y /SINCE,
I

/EXTRACT
I

/LOG

/CREA TE, /DELETE,
/EXTRACT, /INSERT,
/REPLACE

/ONLY 2

/LIST

/OUTPUT

/EXTRACT

/DELETE

/REPLACE

/LIBRARY

/EXTRACT

/SINCE 2

/LIST

1 The /CREATE, /INSERT, and /REPLACE qualifiers are compatible but /CREATE takes precedence. The related qualifiers
for /CREATE are applicable only if you enter one or more input files.
2 This qualifier is meaningful only when used with the /LIST qualifier.

3 This qualifier is meaningful only when used with the /MACRO qualifier.

NCS-22

NCS Qualifiers
/BEFORE

/BEFORE
Lists only the modules inserted in the library before the specified time.

FORMAT
QUALIFIER
VALUE

DESCRIPTION

/BEFORE[= time]

time
The time (and date, where applicable) that NCS uses as the reference cutoff
point for accumulating the appropriate list of modules.

When you use the /LIST qualifier, NCS lists all the definitions in the NCS
library by default. However, you can use the /BEFORE qualifier with the
/LIST qualifier to list only definitions created before a specified time (and
date, where applicable). You may specify an absolute time or a combination
of absolute time and delta time. For details on specifying times, see the VMS

DCL Dictionary.
If you use the /BEFORE qualifier without specifying the time, the output list
includes all definitions in the library created before today.

EXAMPLES
[I

$ NCS/LIST/BEFORE=31-DEC-1988:13:30

This command lists all definition modules inserted in the default NCS library
before 1:30 p.m. on December 31, 1988.
~

$ NCS/LIST/BEFORE=31-DEC-1988:09:00/LIBRARY=USERDISK: [DOE]LIB.NLB

This command lists all definition modules inserted in user DOE's local NCS
library, LIB.NLB, before 9:00 a.m. on December 31, 1988.

NCS-23

NCS Qualifiers
/COMPRESS

/COMPRESS
Recovers disk space previously occupied by deleted definition modules.

FORMAT
QUALIFIER
VALUE

DESCRIPTION

/COMPRESS[=(option[, .. .])]
option
A set of options that permits you to change the size or format of the specified
library, overriding the values assigned to the library when it was created. See
the listing under DESCRIPTION.

The /COMPRESS qualifier effectively recers disk space previously occupied
by modules deleted from an NCS library by creating a more efficiently
organized output library file. If you do not explicitly specify a destination
library, NCS creates a new compressed version of the default NCS library.
When you compress an NCS library, you can override various NCS default
values for the size and format of the library, using the following options:
BLOCKS:n

Specifies the number of 512-byte blocks to be allocated for
the library. By default, NCS allocates 100 blocks for a new
library.

HISTORY:n

Specifies the maximum number of library update history
records that the library may maintain. By default, NCS sets
the number at 20.

KEYSIZE:n

Changes the maximum length of definition module names.

MODULES:n

Specifies the maximum number of modules in the NCS library.

EXAMPLES

D $ NCS/COMPRESS=(BLOCKS:200)/LIBRARY=USERDISK: [DOE]LIB.NLB
This command compresses user DOE's local NCS library and simultaneously
allocates two hundred 512-byte blocks for it.
~

$ NCS/COMPRESS=(KEYSIZE:35,MODULES:40)/LIBRARY=USERDISK: [DOE]LIB.NLB

This command compresses user DOE's local NCS library and specifies a
maximum key size of 35 bytes together with a maximum of 40 definition
modules.

NCS-24

NCS Qualifiers
/CREATE

/CREATE
Creates an NCS library.

FORMAT
QUALIFIER
VALUE

DESCRIPTION

/CREATE[=(option[, .. .])]
option
A set of options that permits you to override the system defaults for the
size and format of the newly created NCS library. See the listing under
DESCRIPTION.

Use the /CREATE qualifier to create an NCS library. If you do not use the
/LIBRARY qualifier to specify a new library, NCS creates a new version
of the default NCS library. To populate the new library from an existing
definition file, enter as the command parameter the specification for the input
file containing the definitions.
When you create an NCS library, you can override various NCS default
values for the size and format of the library, using the following options:
BLOCKS:n

Specifies the number of 512-byte blocks to be allocated for
the library. By default, NCS allocates 100 blocks for a new
library.

HISTORY:n

Specifies the maximum number of library update history
records that the library may maintain. By default, NCS sets
the number to 20.

KEYSIZE:n

Changes the maximum length of definition module names.

MODULES:n

Specifies the maximum number of modules in the NCS library.

EXAMPLES
iJ

$ NCS/CREATE=(BLOCKS:200,KEYSIZE:24)/LIBRARY=DISK1: [DOE]LIB.NLB

This command creates a file named LIB.NLB in the directory DOE, while
simultaneously allocating the file 200 blocks and setting the maximum
module name length at 24 characters.
~

$ NCS/CREATE=MODULES:40/LIBRARY=USERDISK: [DOE]ABC.NLB MY.NCS

This command creates an NCS library in directory DOE named ABC.NLB.
The command limits the library to 40 modules and populates it with
definitions from input file MY.NCS.

NCS-25

NCS Qualifiers
/DATA

/DATA
Improves disk space efficiency.

FORMAT

QUALIFIER
VALUES

/DATA= {REDUCE }
EXPAND
REDUCE
Stores definitions in a data-reduced format.

EXPAND
Stores definitions in a data-expanded format.

DESCRIPTION

The /DATA qualifier gives you the option of specifying how you want
definitions stored in the NCS library, in data-reduced format or dataexpanded format. Note that you must specify a value, either REDUCE or
EXPAND, with this qualifier; there is no default value. Note, too, that NCS
does an implicit compression (recovers unused space from previously deleted
files) on the specified library, whether you are converting the library to
data-reduced form or to data-expanded form.
If the specified NCS library is in standard (nonreduced) form, use the
REDUCE option to create a new reduced version of the library. If you do
not use the /LIBRARY qualifier to specify a library, NCS creates a new
reduced version of the default NCS library. Note that access to libraries
in data-reduced format is generally slower than libraries in data-expanded
format.
If the specified NCS library is in reduced form, use the EXP AND option to
create a new expanded (standard) version of the library. If you do not use the
/LIBRARY qualifier to specify a library, NCS creates a new expanded version
of the default NCS library. Note that access to libraries in data-expanded
(standard) format is generally faster than libraries in data-reduced format.

EXAMPLES

D $ NCS/DATA=REDUCE
This command maximizes the space efficiency of the default NCS library.

$ NCS/DATA=EXPAND SYS$LIBRARY:NCS$LIBRARY

This command reduces the access time to and space efficiency of the default
NCS library.

NCS-26

NCS Qualifiers
/DELETE

/DELETE
Deletes one or more definition modules from the NCS library.

FORMAT

/DELETE=module[, .. .]

QUALIFIER
VALUE

The name of the module to be deleted.

DESCRIPTION

module

The /DELETE qualifier deletes the specified definition module or modules
from an NCS library. If you specify several modules, separate the definition
names with commas (,) and enclose the list in parentheses. You may use the
standard VMS wildcard characters to specify the modules to be deleted.
If you use this qualifier with the /LIST qualifier, NCS deletes the module
before it lists the contents of the library. Therefore, the deleted definitions do
not appear in the output listing.

EXAMPLES

$ NCS/DELETE=CH*

This command deletes all NCS library modules that begin with the
letters CH.
~

$ NCS/DELETE=(LOWER_TO_UPPER,CHANGECASE)/LIST

This command deletes the definition CHANGECASE from the default NCS
library and then lists the remaining definitions.

NCS-27

NCS Qualifiers
/EXTRACT

/EXTRACT
Extracts definitions from an NCS library.

FORMAT

QUALIFIER
VALUE
DESCRIPTION

/EXTRACT=module[, .. .] { /OUTPUT= !ilespec }
/MACRO= f1lespec
module
The name of the module to be extracted.

The /EXTRACT qualifier is used to retrieve one or more definition modules
from an NCS library. Note that you must use either the /OUTPUT
qualifier or the /MACRO qualifier with the /EXTRACT qualifier to specify a
destination file for the extracted definition.
Use the /EXTRACT qualifier with the /MACRO qualifier to extract one or
more definitions that you want to include in a MACR0-32 program file.
When you use the /MACRO qualifier with the /EXTRACT qualifier, the
default output file type is MAR.
Use the /EXTRACT qualifier with the /OUTPUT qualifier to extract one or
more definitions that you want to include in an NCS definition file. When
you use the /OUTPUT qualifier with the /EXTRACT qualifier, the default
output file type is NCS.
If you want to extract several modules, separate the module names with

commas (,) and enclose the list in parentheses.
You may use any of the standard VMS wildcard characters to specify the
modules to be extracted.

EXAMPLES
[I

$ NCS/EXTRACT=CHANGECASE/MACRO=MY

This command extracts the definition CHANGECASE from the default NCS
library and converts it to MACRO format before storing it in the file MY.MAR.
~

$ NCS/EXTRA_CT= ( CHANGECASE, UPPER_ TO_LOWER) /OUTPUT= MY

This command extracts two definitions from the default NCS library and
stores them in the definition file MY.NCS.

NCS-28

NCS Qualifiers
/FORMAT

/FORMAT
Specifies the MACRO format appropriate to your program.

FORMAT

/FORMAT= { NCS }

256

QUALIFIER
VALUES

NCS
MACR0-32 format for NCS routines.

256
MACR0-32 format for the Run-Time Library routine LIB$MOVTC.

DESCRIPTION

Use the /FORMAT qualifier with the /MACRO qualifier to specify the
appropriate MACR0-32 file format. You may select one of two format
options, either NCS (the default) or 256. If you select the NCS format, NCS
formats the collating sequence and string conversion tables, or both, for use
by the NCS routines. If you select the 256 format, NCS formats the collating
sequence and string conversion tables, or both, as 256-byte tables that can be
used by the Run-Time Library routine LIB$MOVTC. For more information,
see the VMS Run-Time Library Routines Volume.

EXAMPLES
iJ

$ NCS/EXTRACT=UP_DOWN/MACRO=MY/FORMAT=256

This command extracts the definition UP_DOWN from the default NCS
library and converts it to the 256-byte table format before including it in the
file MY .MAR.
~

$ NCS/EXTRACT=(ABCDE,XYZ)/MACRO=MY

This command extracts two definitions from the default NCS library and
converts them, by default, to NCS format before including them in the file
MY.MAR.

NCS-29

NCS Qualifiers
/FULL

/FULL
Provides a complete listing of an NCS library.

FORMAT

/FULL

PARAMETERS

None.

DESCRIPTION

Use the /FULL qualifier with the /LIST qualifier to obtain an NCS library
listing that includes the date and time each module was inserted into the
library. The output has the following format:
module

inserted dd-mmm-yyyy

hh:mm:ss

EXAMPLE
$ NCS/LIST/FULL

This command lists the modules in the default NCS library, together with the
date and time that each module was inserted into the library.

NCS-30

NCS Qualifiers
/HISTORY

/HISTORY
Provides the update history record headers for the NCS library.

FORMAT

/HISTORY

PARAMETERS

None.

DESCRIPTION

You use the /HISTORY qualifier with the /LIST qualifier to obtain a list
of the update history record headers for the specified NCS library, in the
following format:
username

operation n modules on dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss

The operation may be a replacement, insertion, or deletion of definition
modules.
If you specify the /FULL qualifier with the /HISTORY and /LIST qualifiers,
NCS lists the history record headers for each update, together with a list of
the definition modules affected by each update.

EXAMPLES
iJ

$ NCS/LIST/HISTORY

If you had previously deleted two definition modules from the NCS library,
this command would produce a listing that includes the following line:
JONES
~

deleted

2 modules on 31-DEC-1988 16:26:36

$ NCS/LIST/HISTORY/FULL

Making the same assumptions as in the previous example, this command
would produce a listing that includes the names of the deleted modules:
JONES
CHANGECASE
UPCASE

deleted

2 modules on 31-DEC-1988 16:26:36

NCS-31

NCS Qualifiers
/INSERT

/INSERT
Adds one or more definition modules to an NCS library.

FORMAT

/INSERT

PARAMETERS

None.

DESCRIPTION

Use the /INSERT qualifier to add one or more definition modules to an NCS
library from an input file. If the input file contains more than one definition,
NCS creates a separate entry in the library for each.

filename

Before NCS inserts a definition into an existing NCS library, it verifies that
the library does not already contain a definition module having the same
name. If NCS finds a definition module with the same name, it does not add
the new definition module to the library, but it does provide an appropriate
error message.

EXAMPLES
iJ

$ NCS/INSERT MY_DEFS

This command directs NCS to insert each of the definitions from input file
MY_DEFS.NCS into the NCS library.
~

$ NCS/INSERT/LIST/HISTORY/FULL MY_DEFS

This command directs NCS to insert the definitions from input file
MY_DEFS.NCS into the NCS library; then NCS lists the history of each
definition module in the library, including those inserted by this command.

NCS-32

NCS Qualifiers
/LIBRARY

/LIBRARY
Specifies an alternate NCS library. The default NCS library is
SYS$LIBRARY :NCS$LIBRARY.

FORMAT

/LIBRARY= filespec

QUALIFIER
VALUE

The alternate NCS library file specification.

DESCRIPTION

file spec

The /LIBRARY qualifier allows you to specify an NCS library other than
the default NCS library (SYS$LIBRARY:NCS$LIBRARY). Note if you do not
include a device and directory when you specify the alternate library, NCS
defaults to SYS$LIBRARY. The default file type is NLB.

EXAMPLES

$ NCS/INSERT/LIBRARY=USERDISK: [DOE]MY_LIB MY_DEFS

This command directs NCS to insert definitions from the file MY_DEFS.NCS
into the NCS library MY_LIB.NLB.

$ NCS/DELETE=UPCASE/LIBRARY=GEN_NCS

This command directs NCS to delete the module UPCASE from the library
file SYS$LIBRARY:GEN _NCS.NLB.

NCS-33

NCS Qualifiers
/LIST

/LIST
Lists the contents of an NCS library.

FORMAT

QUALIFIER
VALUE
DESCRIPTION

/LIST[= filespec]
/NOLIST
filespec
The destination file specification for the list output.

The /LIST qualifier allows you to obtain a listing of an NCS library. The
optional file specification parameter allows you to store the listing in a file.
The default file type is LIS. If you omit the file specification, NCS directs the
listing to SYS$0UTPUT.
You are not permitted to use wildcard characters when specifying the
destination file.
Note that when you use the /LIST qualifier in conjunction with qualifiers
(such as the /DELETE qualifier) that modify the contents of the NCS library,
NCS creates the listing after the modifications are made. For example, if you
delete the definition module UPCASE and simultaneously request a listing,
the listing does not include the UPCASE module.
Listings can provide various types of information, depending on the qualifiers
you use with /LIST. Each listing, however, contains at least the following
information about the library:
Directory of NCS library
library-filespec
Creation date: dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss
Revision date: dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss
Number of modules:
nnn
Other entries:
nnn
Recoverable deleted blocks:
nnn
Max. update history records:
nnn

on dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss
Creator: VAX librarian Vnn-nn
Library format: n.n
Max. key length: nnn
Preallocated index blocks: nnn
Total index blocks used:
nnn
Update history records:
nnn

EXAMPLES

$ NCS/LIST

This command outputs a listing of the definitions in the default NCS library
to the SYS$0UTPUT device.
~

$ NCS/LIST=DEFLIST/FULL

This command outputs a listing of the definitions in the default NCS library
to a file named DEFLIST .LIS. The listing includes the date each definition was
inserted in the NCS library.

NCS-34

NCS Qualifiers
/LOG

/LOG
Determines whether or not NCS verifies library operations.

FORMAT

/LOG
/NO LOG

PARAMETERS

None.

DESCRIPTION

Use the /LOG or /NOLOG qualifier to specify whether or not you want NCS
to confirm the result of a specified operation (such as a replacement, insertion,
or deletion). By default, NCS does not confirm operations.

EXAMPLE
$ NCS/DELETE=(TJL,RRR)/LOG

This command directs NCS to delete the definitions TJL and RRR in the
default NCS library. After deleting the definitions, NCS issues the following
messages:
%NCS-S-DELETED, module TJL deleted
%NCS-S-DELETED, module RRR deleted

NCS-35

NCS Qualifiers
/MACRO

/MACRO
Specifies that the extracted definition table is coded in MACR0-32.

FORMAT

/MACRO= filespec

QUALIFIER
VALUE

The file specification for the destination MACRO file.

DESCRIPTION

filespec

Use the /MACRO qualifier with the /EXTRACT qualifier if you want to
retrieve a definition module from the NCS library, convert the definition to
VAX MACRO format, and then output the VAX MACRO-formatted definition
to the specified destination file. Note that each collating sequence and
conversion function bears a global label that you can use to pass the address
of the definition to an NCS routine.
You must include the destination file specification with the /MACRO
qualifier. You cannot use wildcard characters to specify the destination file.
The default value for MACR0-32 files generated by the /MACRO qualifier is
MAR.
Note that you can further define a specific MACR0-32 format with the
/FORMAT qualifier, as shown in the second example.

NCS-36

NCS Qualifiers
/MACRO

EXAMPLES

$ NCS/EXTRACT=DOWNCASE/MACRO=MY_MACRO

This command directs NCS to extract the definition DOWNCASE from the
default NCS library, convert the definition to VAX MACRO format, and then
output it to file MY_MACRO.MAR. The following example shows an NCS
definition module converted to VAX MACRO:

.PSECT

NCS$RO_DATA NOVEC,NOWRT,RD,NOEXE,SHR,LCL,REL,CON,PIC,LONG DOWNCASE::

.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG

AX00000158,AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO
AXOOOOOOOO,AX776F6408,AX7361636E,AX00000065
AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO
Axoooooooo.Axoooooooo.Axoooooooo.Axoooooooo
AX00000005,AX00000158,AXOOOOOOOO,AXOOOOOOOO
Axoooooooo
Axoooooooo
AX03020100,AX07060504,AXOBOA0908,AXOFOEODOC
AX13121110,AX17161514,AX1B1A1918,AX1F1E1D1C

.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.END

AX23222120,AX27262524,AX2B2A2928,AX2F2E2D2C
AX33323130,AX37363534,AX3B3A3938,AX3F3E3D3C
AX63626140,AX67666564,AX6B6A6968,AX6F6E6D6C
AX73727170,AX77767574,AX5B7A7978,AX5F5E5D5C
AX63626160,AX67666564,AX6B6A6968,AX6F6E6D6C
AX73727170,AX77767574,AX7B7A7978,AX7F7E7D7C
AXF3F2F1FO,AXF7F6F5F4,AXFBFAF9F8,AXFFFEFDFC

$ NCS/EXTRACT=DOWNCASE/MACRO=MY_MACRO/FORMAT=256

This command directs NCS to extract the DOWNCASE definition from
the default NCS library, as in the first example. However, this command
explicitly specifies that NCS convert the definition to the MACR0-32 format
for use with the Run-Time Library routine LIB$MOVTC instead of the default
NCS format. The following example illustrates the converted definition:
.PSECT
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.LONG
.END

NCS$RO_DATA NOVEC,NOWRT,RD,NOEXE,SHR,LCL,REL,CON,PIC,LONG DOWNCASE::
AX03020100,AX07060504,AXOBOA0908,AXOFOEODOC
AX13121110,AX17161514,AX1B1A1918,AX1F1E1D1C
AX23222120,AX27262524,AX2B2A2928,AX2F2E2D2C
AX33323130,AX37363534, AX3B3A3938,AX3F3E3D3C
AX63626140,AX67666564, AX6B6A6968,AX6F6E6D6C
AX73727170,AX77767574,AX5B7A7978,AX5F5E5D5C
AX63626160,AX67666564,AX6B6A6968,AX6F6E6D6C
AX73727170,AX77767574,AX7B7A7978,AX7F7E7D7C
AX83828180,AX87868584, AX8B8A8988,AX8F8E8D8C
AX93929190,AX97969594,AX9B9A9998,AX9F9E9D9C
AXA3A2A1AO,AXA7A6A5A4, AXABAAA9A8,AXAFAEADAC
AXB3B2B1BO,AXB7B6B5B4,AXBBBAB9B8,AXBFBEBDBC
AXE3E2E1EO,AXE7E6E5E4,AXEBEAE9E8,AXEFEEEDEC
AXF3F2F1DO,AXF7F6F5F4, AXFBFAF9F8,AXDFDEFDFC
AXE3E2E1EO,AXE7E6E5E4,AXEBEAE9E8,AXEFEEEDEC
AXF3F2F1FO,AXF7F6F5F4, AXFBFAF9F8, AXFFFEFDFC

NCS-37

NCS Qualifiers
/ONl..Y

/ONLY
Limits the modules being listed.

FORMAT

/ONLV=module[, ... ]

QUALIFIER
VALUE

The module or modules to be listed.

DESCRIPTION

module

Use the /ONLY qualifier with the /LIST qualifier to specify which definition
modules in the NCS library you want listed. If you specify more than one
definition module, separate the module names with commas (,) and enclose
the list in parentheses.
You may use wildcard characters to specify the definition module(s).

EXAMPLE
$ NCS/LIST/ONLY=(M*,P*)

This command directs NCS to list only the definition modules that have
names beginning with the letter M or the letter P.

NCS-38

NCS Qualifiers
/OUTPUT

/OUTPUT
Specifies the output definition file.

FORMAT

/OUTPUT= filespec

QUALIFIER
VALUE

The file specification for the destination file.

DESCRIPTION

You use the /OUTPUT qualifier with the /EXTRACT and /COMPRESS
qualifiers to specify a destination file.

filespec

Use the /OUTPUT qualifier with the /EXTRACT qualifier to specify a file
to store the definitions extracted from an NCS library. The default file type
is NCS. Note that the new definition file is not the same as the definition
file used to originally create the definition. NCS does not store the original
definition file, only the resultant definition.
Use the /OUTPUT qualifier with the /COMPRESS qualifier to specify
a destination library file for the compressed library. If you do not use
the /OUTPUT qualifier with the /COMPRESS qualifier, NCS puts the
compressed library in a new version of the default NCS library. The default
file type is NLB.

EXAMPLES
iJ

$ NCS/EXTRACT=(UPCASE,DOWNCASE)/OUTPUT=USER: [DOE]NEW_DEFS.NCS

This command directs NCS to extract two definitions (UPCASE and
DOWNCASE) from the default NCS library and to store them in a file
named NEW_DEF.NCS.
~

$ NCS/COMPRESS/OUTPUT=USER: [DOE.NCS]NEW_LIB

This command directs NCS to compress the default NCS library and to
store the compressed version in an alternate NCS library specified as
USER:[DOE.NCS]NEW_LIB.NLB.

NCS-39

NCS Qualifiers
/REPLACE

/REPLACE
Replaces one or more definition modules in the default NCS library with
modules from the specified input file.

FORMAT

/REPLACE

PARAMETERS

None.

DESCRIPTION

Use the /REPLACE qualifier when you want to replace one or more library
modules with definitions from the specified input file. If a replacement
module in the input file does not have a corresponding module in the NCS
library, NCS inserts, rather than replaces, the new module in the library. If
you do not explicitly specify a qualifier for the NCS command, the default is
the /REPLACE qualifier.

EXAMPLE
$ NCS MY_DEFS

This command directs NCS to replace each definition in the default NCS
library with a corresponding definition from the input file, MY_DEFS.NCS.

NCS-40

NCS Qualifiers
/SINCE

/SINCE
Limits a library output listing to definitions inserted after the specified
date and time. The most recent definitions are listed first, and are in
alphabetical order.

FORMAT
QUALIFIER
VALUE

DESCRIPTION

/SINCE[= time]

time
The time (and date, where applicable) that NCS uses as the reference point to
begin accumulating the appropriate list of modules.

Use the /SINCE qualifier with the /LIST qualifier to list only modules
inserted into the library after the specified time (and date, where applicable).
You can specify an absolute time or a combination of absolute and delta
times. For details on specifying times, see the VMS DCL Dictionary.
If you omit the /SINCE qualifier, NCS lists all the modules in the library
unless you use a different limiting qualifier (/BEFORE or /ONLY). If you

specify the /SINCE qualifier without a time or date, NCS lists only the
modules inserted today.

EXAMPLES

$ NCS/LIST/SINCE=31-DEC-1988:10:00

This command directs NCS to list only modules inserted in the default NCS
library after 10 a.m. on December 31, 1988.
~

$ NCS/LIST /SINCE

This command directs NCS to list only modules inserted in the default NCS
library today.

NCS-41

National Character Set Definitions

This appendix lists the contents of the default NCS library (NCS$LIBRARY).
The library includes 13 collating sequences and 24 conversion functions.

Danish Collating Sequence
Danish= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "A", "O", "A", "["-""', "{"-"c.", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS= ("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", 11 .A. 11 -"A" = "A", "A!" = "A", "<;" = "C",
"E"-"E"
"E", "I"-"I"
"I", 11 6 11 -"0" = "O", "0" = "O", "U"-"U" = "U",
"U"-"Y" = "Y", "a"-"a" = "A", "a"-"a" = 11 .A. 11 -"A", "re" = "A", "9" = "C",
"e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"l." ="I", "n"
"N", "o"-"o" = "O", "o" = "O",
11
11
'2S
= "O", "u"-"u" = "U", "u"-"y" = "Y", "<E" = "OE", "B" = "SS",
"re"= "<E", "" < %XOO))
+CS( SEQUENCE
(%XOO-"A", 11 .A. 11 - 11 .A. 11 , "B"-"C", 11 <; 11 I 11 D"-"E" I "E"-"E 11 I
11

F 11 -"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N",

"N", "<E" I "0",

0 11 - 11 6

"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "A!", 11 0 " ,
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"- 11 Z", "a"- 11 1. 11 = 11 A11 - 11 I",
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);

"P"-"R", "B",

I
11

["-"'",

"n"-"y" =

11
{

11
-

c. 11 ,

N"-"Y 11 ) )

ZK-6574-HC

Danish-to-Multinational Conversion Function
Danish NRC_to_~ulti =CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI =
11@11

II.A",

II["

11,£11,

11\ II

11011,

II] II

"A",

""'"

"U",
"a"'

II ' II
II { II

"re"'

"111

II !ZS" f

II} II

"a",

"-"

"u",
%XOO));
ZK-6575-HC

A-1

National Character Set Definitions

Dutch Collating Sequence
DUTCH= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "~", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"c:.", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS= ("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" = "A", "<;" = "C", "E"-"E" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I"' "0"-"0" = "0"' "U"-"U" = "U"' "Y" = "Y"' "a"-"a"
"A"' )
"a"-"~" = "A"-"~"' 11 9" = "C"' "e"-"e" = "E"' "i"-"1." = "I"' "ii." = "N"'
"o"-"o" = "0", "0" = "0", "u"-"il" = "U", "y" = "Y", "<E" = "OE",
"B" ="SS", "re"= "<E", "" < %XOO))
+CS( SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"A", "A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "0", "0"-"0", "P"-"R", "B",
"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "~", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"c:.",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"1." = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6576-HC

EDT VT2 Conversion Function
EDT _VT2xx =CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI
%XOO
""'@"'
%X01
""'A",
%X02
""'B",
%X03
""'C"'
%X04
""'D"'
%X05
""E",
%X06
""'F"'
%X07
""'G"'
%X08
""'H"'
%XOA
"<LF>",
%XOB
"<VT>",
%XOC
"<FF>",
%XOD
"<CR>",
%XOE
""'N",
%XOF
""'O",
%X10
""'P"'
%Xll
""Q",
%X12
""'R",
%X13
""'S"'
%X14
""'T"'
%X15
""'U"'
%X16
""'V",
%X17
""'W",
%X18
""'X"'
%X19
""'Y",
%X1A
""'Z"'
%X1B
"<ESC>",
HA\tl f
%XlC
II A] II f
%X1D
%X1E
""'"" '
%X1F
""' " '
%X7F
"<DEL>",
%X80
"<XSO>",
%X81
"<X81>",
%X82
"<X82>",
%X83
"<X83>",
%X84
"<IND>",
%X85
"<NEL>",
%X86
"<SSA>",
%X87
"<FSA>",

A-2

National Character Set Definitions

%X88
%X89
%X8A
%X8B
%X8C
%X8D
%X8E
%X8F
%X90
%X91
%X92
%X93
·%X94
%X95
%X96
%X97
%X98
%X99
%X9A
%X9B
%X9C
%X9D
%X9E
%X9F
%XAO
%XA4
%XA6
%XAC
%XAD
%XAE
%XAF
%XB4
%XB8
%XBE
%XDO
%XDE
%XFO
%XFE
%XFF

"<HTS>",
"<HTJ>",
"<VTS>",
"<PLD>",
"<PLU>",
"<RI>",
"<SS2>",
"<SS3>",
"<DCS>",
"<PUl>",
"<PU2>",
"<STS>",
"<CH>",
"<MW>"'
"<SPA>",
"<EPA>",
"<X98>",
"<X99>",
"<X9A>",
"<CSI>",
"<ST>",
"<OSC>",
"<PM>",
"<APC>",
"<XAO>",
"<XA4>",
"<XA6>",
"<XAC>",
"<XAD>"'
"<XAE>"'
"<XAF>",
"<XB4>",
"<XBS>",
"<XBE>",
"<XDO>",
"<XDE>",
"<XFO>",
"<XFE>",
"<XFF>",
%XOO));
ZK-6577-HC

English Collating Sequence
English= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "O"-"Z", 11 £ 11 , "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"l", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" ="A", "9" = "C", "E"-"~" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I", "0"-"0" = "0", "U"- 11 0 11 = "U", "Y" = "Y", "a"-"a"
"A",
"a"-"re" = "A"-"£", 11 9 11 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"l." = "I", "n" = "N",
''o"-"o" = "O", 11 0 11 = "0", "u"-"u" = "U", "y" = "Y", "CE" = "OE",
"B" = "SS", "re" = "CE", 1111 < %XOO)
+CS( SEQUENCE= (%X00-"A", "A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;:", "D"-"E", "~"-"E",
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "0", "0"-"0", "P"-"R", "B",
"S"-"U", 11 0 11 -"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", 11 £ 11 , "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"c:.",
%XDO, %}\DE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"- 11 1. 11 = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6579-HC

A-3

National Character Set Definitions

Finnish Collating Sequence
Finnish= CS(
SEQUENCE=

(%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "A!"-"A", "a", 11 0 11 , "A 11 , 11 0 11 , 11 ( 11 - 11 ' " ,
2,", %XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"- 11 z" = "A 11 -"Z", 11 .A 11 - 11 A11 = "A", "<;" = "C 11 , "E"-"E" = "E 11 ,
11
:i: 11 - 11 I 11
I 11 , 11 6"- 11 0 11 = 11 0 11 , "0" = 11 0 11 , 11 0 11 - 11 0 11 = 11 U 11 ,
0 11 -"Y"
"Y",
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
a"- a"
A ,
a"-"re" = .A -"A!", 9
= "C",
e"-"e" = "E",
"{

11
"I", "n" = "N", !'0 11 -"o" = 11 0 11 , "12l" = " 0 11 , 11 u 11 - 11 u 11
u 11 ,
11
1111
"li"-"y"
"Y", "<E" ="OE", "B" ="SS", "re"= <E",
< %XOO))
+ CS ( SEQUENCE = (%X00-"A", "A"- 11 .A", "B 11 -"C 11 , "<;", "D 11 -"E", 11 E"-"E",
"F"-"I", 11 I 11 - 11 :i: 11 , "J 11 -"N", "N", "<E", "O", "O"-"O", "P 11 - 11 R", 11 B 11 ,

"i "-"1"

11
S"- 11 U", "U 11 -"U", 11 V 11 - 11 Y", "Y", 11 Z", "A! 11 , 11 0 11 ,
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a 11 -"z" = "A 11 -"Z 11 , "a"-"i" = 11 .A 11 - 11 I 11 ,
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);

A", "["- 11 ' " ,

{"-"2. 11 ,

N"- 11 Y"))
ZK-6580-HC

Finnish to Multinational Conversion Function
Finnish_NRC_to_Multi
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =
11_A11'
"["

"O",
"A"'
"U",

"\"
"] "

"'"

"ell'

II { II

11a.11,

"011'

I I } II

11a,11 f

"U II f

11,.,, II
11

= %XOO));
ZK-6581-HC

French Canadian to Multinational Conversion Function
FrCan NRC to Multi= CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI
"@11

"A" I

II [ I I

"a.11,

11\ II

11911'

I I ] II

!!All

"e"'

"i II f

11} 11

"o"'
"ell'
"u"'
e

",..,"

"0."'

II ' II

"{"
II

II f

"" = %XOO));
ZK-6582-HC

A-4

National Character Set Definitions

French Collating Sequence
French= CS(
SEQUENCE
(%X00-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", 11 .£ 11 , "0", "A", "["-"'",
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" = "A", "<;" = "C",

"i"-"I"

"I", "O"-"O"

= "O", "U"-"0"

"U", "Y"

"{"-"l", %XDO,

"E"-"E" = "E",
"A",

= "Y", "a"-"a"

"a"-"re" ="A"-"£",

11
11
9 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"1" ="I", "n" = "N",
0 11 - 11 0 11 = "0"' 11 0 11 = "0"' "u"-"u" = "U"' "y" = "Y"' "CE" = "OE"'
"B" ="SS", "re"= "CE",""< %XOO))
+ cs ( SEQUENCE
(%X00-"A" I "A"-"A" I "B"-"C"' "<;"' "D"-"E" I "E"-"E"'
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "O", 11 0 11 -"0", "P"-"R", "B",
11

"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", ".£", "0",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"1" = "A"-"I",
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);

"A", "["-"'", "{"-"l",
"n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
ZK-6583-HC

French-to-Multinational Conversion Function
French_NRC_to_Multi
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =

"*"

"@"

"£",

"a"'

II["

"0"

"\"

"9"'

I I ] II

"§"'

II {

"e"'
"u",
"e"'
"a",
"e",

"I"
I I } II

""'a"
""'e"
""'i"
""'o"
""'u"
"-a"
"-e"
"-i"
"-o"
"-u"

1. II f

"6",

"u"'
"a"
"e",
f

"1",

"o"'
"u",
%XOO));
ZK-6584-HC

German Collating Sequence
German= CS(
SEQUENCE
(%X00-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", ".£"I "0", "A", II [ 11_11'11 I
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" ="A", "<;" = "C",

"I"-"I"

"I"'

11
-

= "0"' "U"- 0
11

"U"' "Y"

II { I I _ II

G II f

%XDO,

"E"-"E" = "E",
"A"'

= "Y"' "a"-"a"

"a"-"re" ="A"-".£", 9 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"1" ="I", "n" = "N",
"o"-"o" = "O", "0" = "0", "u"-"u" = "U", "y" = "Y", "CE" = "OE",
"B" = "SS", "re" = "CE", "" < %XOO))
11

+ cs ( SEQUENCE

(%XOO-"A"' "A"-"A"' "B"-"C"' "<;"' "D"-"E"' "E"-"E" I
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "O", 11 6 11 - 11 6 11 , "P"-"R", "B",
"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", ".£", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"l",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"1" = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6585-HC

A-5

National Character Set Definitions

German-to-Multinational Conversion Function
German NRC to Multi
CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI =
"@
"§"'
II [

"A",

11011,

"U",
"a"'

II {
II

II}

"011,
"U II f

"B"'
= %XOO));
ZK-6586-HC

Italian Collating Sequence
Italian= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", 11 :& 11 , "0"- 11 Z", "A!", "0", 11 A. 11 , 11 ["-""', "{"-"(. 11 , %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a 11 -"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A 11 = 11 A", 11 <; 11 = "C", 11 E"- 11 E11 = "E11'
11 i 11 - 11 i 11
11A11,
"I 11 , 11 6 11 - 11 0 11 = 11 0", 11 0 11 - 11 0 11 = 11 U", 11 Y 11 = 11 Y 11 , "a 11 -"a"
11
"a"-"re" = A. 11 - 11 A!", 11 9 11 = 11 c", "e"- 11 e" = "E", 11 i"-"1" = 11 I", "n" = "NII'
11 0 11 - 11 0 11 = "O", 11 $21" = "0", 11 u"-"u" = "U", "y" = "Y", "CE" = "OE",
11 8 11 = "SS", "re" = "CE", "" < %XOO))
+ CS ( SEQUENCE = (%X00-"A", "A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", 11 i 11 - 11 i 11 , "J 11 - 11 N", "N", "CE", "0", 11 6 11 - 11 6 11 , "P"-"R", ".B",
II s II - "u" '
"0" - "0 II ' "v11 - "y" ' II y" ' "z II ' II A! II ' "0" ' "A" ' " [ II - " ' " ' " { II - "l "'
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a 11 -"z 11 = "A"-"Z", "a"-"1" = 11 .A. 11 -"i", "n"- 11 y 11 = "N"-"Y 11 ))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6587-HC

Italian-to-M ul tina tional Con version Function
CF (
Italian NRC to Multi
IDENTITY, MODI =
CF
11j11
11£11'
II@
11§11'
II [

11\
II]
II '
II {
II

II }

11_
1111

II 0 II

11911''

lie"'

11u11,
11a_11'
11011,

llell'
II i II f
%XOO));

ZK-6588-HC

A-6

National Character Set Definitions

Multinational Collating Sequence
Multinational~

CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "A!", "0", 11 A11 , I I [ " - ' " " , "{"-"l", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" ="A", "<;" = "C", "E"-"E" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I"' 11 6 11 - 11 0 11 = "0"' 11 0 11 - 11 0 11 = "U"' "Y" = "Y"' "a"-"a"
"A"'
"a"-"re" = 11 A11 -"A!", 11 9 11 = "c", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"1." = "I", "n" = "N",
11
0 11 - 11 0 11 = "0", 11 0 11 = "0", "u"-"i.i" = "U", "y" = "Y", "CE" = "OE",
"f>" = "SS", "re" = "CE", "" < %XOO))
+ CS ( SEQUENCE = (%X00-"A", "A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", 11 '.l'. 11 - 11 1 11 , "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "O", 11 0 11 - 11 6 11 , "P".-"R", "f>",
"S"-"U", 11 0 11 -"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "A!", "0", 11 ! 11 , " [ " - " ' " , "{"-"l",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"l." = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6589-HC

MultinationaLl Collating Sequence
Multinational_l =CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "A!", "0", 11 ! 11 , " [ " - " ' " , "{"-"l.", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS= ("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" = "A", "<;" = "C", "E"-"E" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I", "O"-"O" = "O", "U"-"U" = "U", "Y" = "Y", "a"-"a"
"A",
"a"-"re" = 11 A11 -"A!", 11 9 11 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"1." ="I", "n" = "N",
11
0 11 - 11 0 11 = "0", 11 0 11 = "0", "u"-"i.i" = "U", "y" = "Y", "<E" = "OE"·,
"f>" = "SS", "cc" = "CE", "" <. %XOO));
ZK-6590-HC

Multinational_2 Collating Sequence
Multinational 2 =CS(
SEQUENCE :;; (%XOO-"A",

"A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E", "F"-"I",
-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "<E", "O", "0"-"0", "P"-"R", "f>", "S"-"U",
11
0 11 -"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", ".IE", "0", 11 A11 , " [ " - " ' " , "{"-"l", %XDO,
11

'.1'.

%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z",
"" = %XOO));

"a"-"l." = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y",
ZK-6591-HC

Multinational-to-Danish Conversion Function
Multi_to_Danish_NRC
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =

n:Kn

"@" 1

"A"
".IE"

II] II f

"0"

"\"'
""'" '

"U"

"a"

"re"

"0"

"i.i"

II [II f

II'"

II } II f

II { II f

" I II'

11,,..,n

'
"" = %XOO));
ZK-6592-HC

A-7

National Character Set Definitions

Multinational-to-Finnish Conversion Function
Multi_to Finnish_NRC
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =
11A:11

"All
"O"
"u11

"all
"a"
"ell
"011

"ti II
1111

II["'
II] It f
11\"'

llA!t

II { It 'f
II } It f
II'"
II I",'

"-"

'
%XOO));
ZK-6593-HC

M ul tina ti on al-to-French-Canadian Con version Function
Multi_to FrCan_NRC = CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI
11a_11

"a"

II@"'
II [ II f

"911

"\",

"ell
"e"
"e"
"i"

"o"

"u"
"u"
""

" } "'
" { "'
"] "'
""'" '
"'" '
"I"'
"-"
%XOO));
ZK-6594-HC

Multinational-to-French Conversion Function
Multi_to French_NRC = CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI =
"£"
"#"'
"§II

"0"

"a"
"911

"e"
"ell
"U"

"a"
"a"
"e"
"e"
"1"
"1"

"o"
"o"
"u"
"ti"

"] "'
" [" '
"@"'
"\II f
II } II f

" { "'

" I ",
""'a"'
"-a"'
""e"'
"-e",
""i"'
"-i"'
""o"'
"-o"'
""u"'
"-u"'
%XOO));
ZK-6595-HC

A-8

National Character Set Definitions

Multinational-to-German Conversion Function
Multi_to_German_NRC = CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI =
"§"

"@11'

"~"

II [ 11 f

11() II

11\ II f

"ti"

I I ] II f

"B"

"a"
"o"
11u."
1111

.. ,.., ..

II { II f

" I "'
tf }

n I

%XOO));
ZK-6596-HC

Multinational-to-Italian Conversion Function
Multi to Italian NRC
CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI =
11£11

"#"'

11§11

"@II'

II 0 II

II [ I I f

"a"

" { ",

"9"

11\"'

"e"
"ell
"i"

II } II f
I I ] II f

u,..,n

I II'

"o"

11u.11

II ' II

'
%XOO));
ZK-6597-HC

Multinational-to-Lowercase Conversion Function
Multi_to_Lower =CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI
"a 11 - 11 z",

A"-"Z 11

A. 11 - 11 I 11 = "a"- 11 1. 11 ,

11
N11 - 11 Y11 = "ii."- 11 y",
%XOO));
""

ZK-6598-HC

A-9

National Character Set Definitions

Mul tin a tional-to-No-Diacriticals Conversion Function
Multi to NoDiacriticals = CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI = (

"A"-"A" =

11
,

"<;" = "C"'
"E 11 - 11 :E:. 11
"E",
11
II I I I '
:t 11 - 11 ! 11
"N"-"O",
"N"-"O"
11

6 11 - 11 0 11

"O",

"0" = "0"'
11
'0 11 - 11 0 11 = "U",
"°?" = "Y"'
"a"-"a" = "a",
"9" = "c",

"e"-"e"

"e"'

"i "-"1."

i II f

"n"-"o"

"n"- 11 0 11 ,

"6"-"o"

"o"'

"flJ" = "o",

"u"-"U" = "u",

"y"

"y",

"£"

"AE",
"OE",
"ss",
"ae",
"oe",

"CE"
"B"
"re"
"re"

"" = %XOO));
ZK-6599-HC

Multinational-to-Norwegian Conversion Function
Multi to Norwegian NRC
CF(
CF - IDENTITY~ MODI = (
11}(11

"@",

"A"
"£"

I I ] II I

"0"

11\11'

n'{jn

""'" '

"a"
"a"

II (II I

II ' I I

II } II I

"re"
"flJ"

II { II I

"ti"

n,..,u

I"'

%XOO));
ZK-6600-HC

A-10

National Character Set Definitions

Multinational-to-Swedish Conversion Function
Multi_to Swedish_NRC
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =
11}(11

II [II f

"A"

"]II'
"@11'

11t11

"0"
"°O"

"a"
"a"
"e"
"o"

"\"'
!!All

11 {II 'f
II } II f
II \II

'
"I",

"U II
"-" '
""=%XOO));
ZK-6601-HC

Multinational-to-Swiss Conversion Function
Multi to Swiss NRC =CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI

"°i"
"a"

11@11,
11 { I I f

"9"

"\"'

lie"
"e"
"e"
"1"

"o"

"o"
"u"

"[",'
11] II f

""'" '
II \II

I"''
"#",

"{i"-"il"

= "}"-""'",

""=%XOO));
ZK-6602-HC

Multinational-to-United-Kingdom Conversion Function
Multi_to Uk_NRC =CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI
11£11 = "#",
II" = %XOO));
ZK-6603-HC

Multinational-to-Uppercase Conversion Function
Multi_to_Upper = CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI

"a"-"z"
"A"-"Z",
"a"- 11 1. 11 = 11 AM- 11 J'.",
"n"-"'1" = "N"-"Y°",

"CE" = "OE",
".B" = "SS",

"" = %XOO));
ZK-6604-HC

A-11

National Character Set Definitions

Norwegian Collating Sequence
Norwegian= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "E", "O", "A", II["-"'", "{"-"l", %XDO,
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "A"-"A" ="A", "<;" = "C", "E"-"E" = "E",
11
! 11 -"I"
"I", 11 6 11 - 11 0 11 = "0", "0" = "O", "U"-"U" = "U", 11 0 11 -"Y" = "Y",
"a"-"a"
"A", "a"-"re" = "A"-"E", 11 9" = "c", "e"-"e" = "E",
"i"-"1"
"I", "n" = "N", "o"-"o"
"O", "o" = "O", "j;Zl" = "O",
"u"-"u"
"U", "il"-"y" = "Y", "A"
"AE", "CE" = "OE", "B" = "SS",
"a" = "A", "re" = "CE", "" < %XOO))
+ cs ( SEQUENCE
(%XOO- "A", "A"- 11 .A. 11 ' "B"-"C"' "<;", "D"- "E II' "E"- "E II'
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "0", "O"-"O", "P"-"R", "B",
"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "JE", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"z_",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"1" = 11 A11 -"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6605-HC

Norwegian-to-Multinational Conversion Function
Norwegian_NRC_to_Multi
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI
(
"@"
II["

"\"
"]II

"A",
"E",
"0",
"A",

tfAU

"0",

"'"

"a",

II I"
II} II

"j;Zl",

"-"

"U II f

II { II

"re"'

"a",

"" = %XOO));
ZK-6606-HC

Portuguese Collating Sequence
Portuguese= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "JE", "0", "A","["-"'",
%XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS= ("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", 11 .A. 11 -"A" = "A", "<;" = "C",

"{"-"l", %XDO,

"E"-"E" = "E",
"I"-"I"
"I", "0"-"0" = "O", "U"- 11 0 11
"U", "Y" = "Y", "a"-"a"
"A",
"a"-"re" = "A"-"JE", 11 9 11 = "C", "e"-"e" = "E", "i"-"l" ="I", "n" = "N",
11
0 11 - 11 0 11 = "0", 11 j;Zl 11 = "0", "u"-"ti" = "U", "y" = "Y", "CE"= "OE",

"B" ="SS", "re"= "CE", "" < %XOO))
+CS( SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"A", "A 11 - 11 A11 , "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "CE", "0", 11 0 11 - 11 6 11 , "P"-"R", "B",
"S"-"U", 11 0 11 -"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "JE", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"l",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"l." = 11 A11 -"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"))
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE);
ZK-6607-HC

A-12

National Character Set Definitions

Spanish Collating Sequence
Spanish= CS(
SEQUENCE= (%XOO-"B", "<;", "CH", "D"-"L", "LL", "M"-"N", "N", "0"-"Z", "£",
"0", "A","["-"'", "{"-"l", %XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"b" = "A"-"B", "d"-"k" = "D"-"K", "m"-"z" = "M"-"Z",
11
A11 -"A"
"A", "E"-"E" = "E", "i"-"I" ="I", 11 6 11 - 11 0 11 = "O",
"U"-"U"
"U"' "Y" = "Y"' "a"-"a" = "A"' "a"-"9" = "A"-"<;"'
"e"-"e"
"E", "i"-"1." = "I", "n" = "N", "o"-"o" = "O", "0" = "0",
"u"-"u"
"U"' "y" = "Y"' "C" = "<;"' "Ch" = "CH"' "Ll" = "LL"'
"c" = "<;", "cH" ="CH", "ch"= "CH", "l" = "L", "lL" ="LL",
"11" ="LL", "CE"= "OE", "B" ="SS", "re"= "CE", "" < %XOO))
+CS( SEQUENCE= (%X00-"A", "A"-"A", "B"-"C", "<;", "D"-"E", "E"-"E",
"F"-"I", "I"-"I", "J"-"N", "N", "<E", "O", "O"-"O", "P"-"R", "E",
"S"-"U", "U"-"U", "V"-"Y", "Y", "Z", "£", "0", "A", "["-"'", "{"-"l",
%XDO, %XDE, %XFO, %XFE-%XFF),
MODIFICATIONS=("a"-"z" = "A"-"Z", "a"-"l." = "A"-"I", "n"-"y" = "N"-"Y"}}
+ REVERSE(_NATIVE};
ZK-6608-HC

Swedish-to-Multinational Conversion Function
Swedish NRC_to_Multi
CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI =
"@"

"["

"\"
"]

"'
"{
"I

"E"'
"A"'
"O",
"A",
"U",

"e",
"a",
"o",
"a",
"u"'

"}
""" = %XOO});
ZK-6609-HC

Swiss-to-Multinational Conversion Function
Swiss_NRC_to_Multi = CF(
CF
IDENTITY, MODI

"#"
"@"

"["

"\"
"] "

"u",
"a",
"e"'

"9",

"e"'

nAn

"i" I

" "
"'"
" {"

"e"'

"I"

"0",

"a",
"o"'

"} "-"-" .=

"u"-"u",

"" = %XOO}};
ZK-6610-HC

United-Kingdom-to-Multinational Conversion Function
Uk NRC to Multi= CF(
CF
_IDENTITY, MODI
"#" = "£"'
"" = %XOO}} ;
ZK-6611-HC

A-13

Index

A
Alternate NCS library, specifying
See /LIBRARY qualifier
ASCII SP ACE character
using as pad character• NCS-10

B
/BEFORE qualifier• NCS-23
Built-in definition
function of• NCS-7
_IDENTITY conversion function• NCS-8
_NATIVE collating sequence• NCS-7

c
CF keyword
description• NCS-15
Collating sequence
creating
limitation• NCS-9
using appended collating sequence • NCS-9
using modified collating sequence• NCS-9
using name of existing collating sequence•
NCS-8
using reordered collating sequence•
NCS-10
using reversed collating sequence • NCS-10
using series of expressions• NCS-8
expression forms listed • NCS-8
MODIFICATIONS keyword clause formats
listed• NCS-17
/COMPRESS qualifier• NCS-24
Conversion function
creating
using inverted conversion function•
NCS-12
using modified conversion function •
NCS-11
using name of existing conversion function•
NCS-11

Conversion function
creating (cont'd.)
using reordered conversion function•
NCS-12
using series of conversion functions •
NCS-11
expression forms listed • NCS-11
MODIFICATIONS keyword clause format•
NCS-16
processing order for multiple conversion
functions • NCS-11
using to create collating sequence • NCS-9
/CREA TE qualifier• NCS-24
CS keyword
description • NCS-13

D
Data-expanded format
using /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26
Data format in NCS library
specifying with /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26
/DATA qualifier• NCS-26
Data-reduced format
using /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26
Default file type
for NCS definition files specified by /OUTPUT
qualifier• NCS-39
for NCS input files• NCS-21
for NCS library• NCS-33
for NCS library listing output file • NCS-34
for NCS library specified by /COMPRESS
qualifier• NCS-39
for output files created by /MACRO qualifier•
NCS-28
for output files created by /OUTPUT qualifier•
NCS-28
Default insertion
in lieu of module replacement• NCS-40
Default values
overriding with /COMPRESS qualifier• NCS-24
Definition
built-in• NCS-7
Definition file
characteristics • NCS-4
example• NCS-5
format• NCS-4

lndex-1

Index

Definition file (cont'd.)
generated by /OUTPUT qualifier• NCS-39
how to build• NCS-4
language notation• NCS-6
naming• NCS-4
structure• NCS-4
Definition file output from NCS library
See /OUTPUT qualifier
Definition module
deleting from NCS library
See /DELETE qualifier
extracting from NCS library
See /EXTRACT qualifier
inserting in NCS library
See /INSERT qualifier
specifying name length• NCS-24
Definition module, replacing
See /REPLACE qualifier
/DELETE qualifier
for deleting definition modules from NCS library
• NCS-27
Delimiters
for specifying multiple definition modules•
NCS-27,NCS-28,NCS-32,NCS-38
for specifying multiple input files• NCS-21
Destination file specification
requirement• NCS-36
Disk space, recovering

/FULL qualifier• NCS-30
used with the /LIST and /HISTORY qualifiers•
NCS-31

G
Global label
use with NCS routines• NCS-36

H
/HISTORY qualifier
used to limit listing output• NCS-31

I
IDENT keyword
using to identify conversion function• NCS-14,
NCS-16
Input files
default file type for• NCS-2 1
specifying for NCS command• NCS-21
/INSERT qualifier• NCS-32

See /COMPRESS qualifier
Disk space efficiency
See /DAT A qualifier

E
EXP AND keyword
for /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26
/EXTRACT qualifier
for extracting definition modules from NCS
library• NCS-28

F
File type
default for input files• NCS-21
/FORMAT qualifier• NCS-29

lndex-2

K
256 keyword
for /FORMAT qualifier• NCS-29
Keyword clause
types used in collating sequence expression •
NCS-13
types used in conversion function expressions•
NCS-15
Keywords
for /FORMAT qualifier• NCS-29

L
/LIBRARY qualifier• NCS-33
Listing, obtaining
See /LIST qualifier

Index

/LIST qualifier
default output destination • NCS-34
for obtaining listing of NCS library• NCS-34
information provided by• NCS-34
specifying output file• NCS-34
used with /BEFORE qualifier• NCS-23
used with /FULL qualifier• NCS-30
used with /HISTORY qualifier• NCS-31
used with /ONLY qualifier• NCS-38
used with other qualifiers• NCS-34
used with /SINCE qualifier• NCS-41
/LOG qualifier
for verifying NCS library operations• NCS-35

M
MACR0-32 file format, from NCS library
See /FORMAT qualifier
MACR0-32 output, from NCS library
See /MACRO qualifier
/MACRO qualifier• NCS-36
Maximum number of history records
NCS library, specifying• NCS-24, NCS-25
MODIFICATIONS keyword
using in collating sequence expression • NCS-14
using in conversion function expression•
NCS-16
MODIFICATIONS keyword clause• NCS-1 7
Modules
replacing in the default NCS library• NCS-21
Multinational Character Set• NCS-3
Multiple definition modules
specifying with /DELETE qualifier• NCS-2 7,
NCS-32
specifying with /EXTRACT qualifier• NCS-28
specifying with /ONLY qualifier• NCS-38
Multiple input files
specifying• NCS-21

NCS library
creating• NCS-25
See also /CREA TE qualifier
deleting definition modules from• NCS-27
extracting definition modules from• NCS-28
generating MACR0-32 output from• NCS-36
generating NCS definition files from• NCS-39
inserting definition modules• NCS-32
obtaining listing of• NCS-34
replacing definition modules• NCS-40
specifying an alternate• NCS-33
specifying history records• NCS-24, NCS-25
specifying MACR0-32 output format• NCS-29
specifying maximum length of definition module
names• NCS-24, NCS-25
specifying maximum number of modules•
NCS-24,NCS-25
specifying size• NCS-24, NCS-25
verifying operations• NCS-35
with data-expanded format• NCS-26
with data-reduced format• NCS-26
NCS Utility• NCS-3
DCL interface
default function • NCS-3
library functions• NCS-3
directing output• NCS-21
exiting• NCS-21
functions• NCS-3
implementation• NCS-3
Number of modules
in NCS library, specifying• NCS-24, NCS-25

0
/ONLY qualifier• NCS-38
/OUTPUT qualifier• NCS-39

p
Pad character
in collating sequence• NCS-10

National Character Set Utility
See NCS Utility
NCS command
specifying input files for• NCS-21
NCS keyword
for /FORMAT qualifier• NCS-29

R
REDUCE keyword
for /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26

lndex-3

Index

/REPLACE qualifier• NCS-40
Required values
for /DAT A qualifier• NCS-26

s
SEQUENCE keyword
description• NCS-13
/SINCE qualifier• NCS-41
Size
NCS library, specifying• NCS-24, NCS-25
String
how denoted • NCS-7
limit on numeric representation• NCS-7
ranges used in collating sequence• NCS-18

lndex-4

v
Verification of NCS library operations
See /LOG qualifier

w
Wildcard characters
use of•NCS-27, NCS-28, NCS-38
use restriction• NCS-34, NCS-36

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