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Document:	VMS 5.0 Terminal Fallback Utility Manual 198804
Order Number:	AA-LA31A-TE
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Pages:	47
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VMS Terminal Fallback
Utility Manual
Order Number: AA-LA31 A-TE

April 1988
This document describes the Terminal Fallback Utility used to manage the
libraries, character conversion tables, and terminal parameters available
with the VMS Terminal Fall back Facility.

Revision/Update Information:

This is a new manual.

Software Version:

VMS Version 5.0

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

April 1988
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.
Copyright © 1988 by Digital Equipment Corporation
All Rights Reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
The postpaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document
requests the user's critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
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This book was produced with the VAX DOCUMENT electronic publishing
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Writers can print the document on the terminal or line printer, or they can use
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PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.

Contents
PREFACE

vii

TFU Description

TFU-1

TERMINAL FALLBACK FACILITY

TFU-1

THE PURPOSE OF TERMINAL FALLBACK

TFU-2

THE PURPOSE OF COMPOSE CHARACTERS
Composing Characters with TFF
Compose Sequences-DIGITAL LK201 Keyboard and
the LATIN_ 1 Table

TFU-2
TFU-3

SETTING UP THE TFF ENVIRONMENT
Installing TFF on Your System
Loading Tables into Nonpaged Dynamic Memory Pool
Choosing TFF Tables • TFU-8
System Resources and User Convenience • TFU-8
Setting System Default Tables
Invoking TFU
Commands for Setting Up a TFF Environment
Managing TFF Terminal Parameters

TFU-6
TFU-6
TFU-7

3.1
3.2

4
4.1
4.2

4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3

4.4
4.5
4.6

TFU-3

TFU-9
TFU-9
TFU-9
TFU-10

TFU Usage Summary

TFU-12

TFU Commands

TFU-13
DIRECTORY
EXIT
HELP
LOAD TABLE
QUIT
SET DEFAULT_TABLE
SET LIBRARY
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK
SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE
SHOW LIBRARY
SHOW STATISTICS

TFU-14
TFU-16
TFU-17
TFU-18
TFU-19
TFU-20
TFU-21
TFU-22
TFU-26
TFU-27
TFU-28

Contents

SHOW TABLES
SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK
UNLOAD TABLE

TFU-29
TFU-30
TFU-32

INDEX

TABLES

TFU-1

LATIN_1 Table

TFU-3

TFU-2

TFF Tables in SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT

TFU-7

Preface
Intended Audience
This document is intended for VMS system managers and users who want
user-transparent character conversion at their terminals. For some Terminal
Fallback Utility functions, you. are assumed to be familiar with terminals,
terminal setup characteristics, and character sets.

Document Structure
This document consists of the following three sections:
•

Description-Provides a full description of the Terminal Fallback
Utility (TFU).

•

Usage Summary-Outlines the following TFU information:
- Invoking the utility
- Exiting the utility

•

Commands-Describes TFU commands, including format, parameters,
and examples.

Associated Documents
In some instances, you may need the hardware documentation for the
terminals you use with the VMS operating system.

vii

Preface

Conventions
Convention

Meaning
In examples, a key name (usually abbreviated)
shown within a box indicates that you press
a key on the keyboard; in text, a key name is
not enclosed in a box. In this example, the key
is the RETURN key. (Note that the RETURN
key is not usually shown in syntax statements
or in all examples; however, assume that you
must press the RETURN key after entering a
command or responding to a prompt.)

viii

CTRL/C

A key combination, shown in uppercase with a
slash separating two key names, indicates that
you hold down the first key while you press the
second key. For example, the key combination
CTRL/C indicates that you hold down the key
labeled CTRL while you press the key labeled C.
In examples, a key combination is enclosed in a
box.

$SHOW TIME
05-JUN-1988 11 :55:22

In examples, system output (what the system
displays) is shown in black. User input (what
you enter) is shown in red.

$ TYPE MYFILE.DAT

In examples, a vertical series of periods, or
ellipsis, means either that not all the data that
the system would display in response to a
command is shown or that not all the data a
user would enter is shown.

input-file, ...

In examples, a horizontal ellipsis indicates
that additional parameters, values, or other
information can be entered, that preceding
items can be repeated one or more times, or
that optional arguments in a statement have
been omitted.

[logical-name]

Brackets indicate that the enclosed item is
optional. (Brackets are not, however, optional
in the syntax of a directory name in a file
specification or in the syntax of a substring
specification in an assignment statement.)

quotation marks
apostrophes

The term quotation marks is used to refer
to double quotation marks ( " ) . The term
apostrophe ( · ) is used to refer to a single
quotation mark.

TFU Description
The VMS Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU) is the user interface to the VMS
Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF). This facility provides character conversion
for terminals and can perform character compose emulation on input from a
terminal.
Use the Terminal Fallback Utility to set up the system to use TFF character
conversion tables, and to set, change, and display TFF terminal-related
parameters.

Terminal Fallback Facility
The VMS Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF) provides table-driven character
conversion for terminals. Because every computer terminal can display only
one set of characters at a time and each keyboard has a limited number of
keys, software developed with one character set or terminal can be impossible
to use with another character set or terminal. To help you bridge the gap
between incompatible character sets and incompatible terminals, TFF converts
characters transparent to software applications (unnoticed by the application
software unless explicit inquiries are made). TFF can convert one character to
many for characters sent to a terminal, and one to one for characters entered
from a terminal.
TFF provides terminal fallback. When an application program sends a
character that a terminal cannot display, TFF replaces that character with
the closest possible visual character that the terminal can display. This is
called fall back.
Finally, TFF can perform character compose emulation on input. You can
create characters that have no associated face on the keyboard by combining
two existing characters. This process is known as composing. Although
TFF offers compose sequence tables, you can also control which keys are
auto-compose keys.
One of the applications of TFF is to allow users with National Replacement
Character (NRC) set terminals to use software developed with the DIGITAL
Multinational Character Set (MCS). MCS is essentially the ASCII character set
plus 128 characters currently used by owners of NRC terminals around the
world.
You can use the Terminal Fallback Facility by entering Terminal Fallback
Utility (TFU) commands, described in this manual. The TFU supersedes
the function of the VMS Version 4.x DCL command SET TERMINAL
/FALLBACK.

TFU-1

TFU Description

The Purpose of Terminal Fallback
Terminals have physical limits. Every computer terminal can display one set
of characters and each keyboard has a limited number of keys. Characters are
arranged into character sets, where each character has a cardinal number (1,
2, 3, and so forth). Computers then use a character's cardinal number to tell
the terminal to display that character. For example, to display the character
A a computer sends the binary value 64 to the terminal. In the same way,
when you press the key labeled A, the terminal sends the binary value 64 to
the computer.
One common character set is the ASCII character set, designed by the United
States primarily for the English language. The ASCII character set, however,
does not include many characters used in languages other than English. For
example, the ASCII character set does not include accented characters.
Because of the limitations of the ASCII character set, many countries replace
some symbols in ASCII with local characters, mostly accented, to produce
their own variant of ASCII. A country-specific variant of ASCII is called a
National Replacement Character (NRC) set.
NRCs do not, however, solve the needs of all countries. Few countries are
able to get all the characters they want into ASCII, because ASCII consists
of a fixed set of symbols. Also, different countries replace the same ASCII
symbol with different local characters. This leaves application software highly
dependent on a country's NRC. It cannot be used in other countries.
In an effort to solve these problems, Digital Equipment Corporation designed
a Multinational Character Set (MCS). MCS contains twice as many characters
as ASCII, and covers the needs of most European languages. The VT200series terminal uses MCS.
To use an NRC terminal with an MCS-specific application, characters must
be converted going to and from the terminal to MCS. The Terminal Fallback
Facility provides this conversion transparent to the application through a
library of character tables.
Most NRC terminals cannot display all the MCS characters. When the
application sends a character that the NRC terminal cannot display, TFF
replaces that character with the closest possible visual character that the
terminal can display. For example, if a terminal cannot display the Japanese
yen sign¥, TFF sends a Y as the fallback character.

The Purpose of Compose Characters
Sometimes you cannot use software developed with one character set on a
terminal that does not include all of the required characters. Because each
terminal keyboard has a limited number of keys, you must use compose
sequences to create characters that have no associated face on the keyboard.
Currently, TFF provides three compose sequence tables, LATIN _l (see
Table TFU-1), ISO_COMPOSE, and IS03_COMPOSE. More tables may be
provided in the future. The default compose sequence table is LATIN _l,
You should use this table with DIGITAL applications. If an application uses a
character set other than MCS, you need a matching compose sequence table.
For example, to use the ISO table ISO_VTlOOMCS, you need the compose
sequence table ISO-COMPOSE. After you choose the tables, TFF handles
the conversion process. The IS03_COMPOSE table is used in southeastern
Europe.

TFU-2

TFU Description

3.1

Composing Characters with TFF
To compose a character in the TFF environment, you press CTRL/K, and
then enter the two existing keyboard characters that make up the compose
sequence. For example, to compose the copyright sign, ©,press CTRL/K
followed by CO; to compose ft, press CTRL/K followed by n-- (lowercase
n followed by tilde). You can create some characters from more than one
compose sequence. Some compose sequences are order or case sensitive, or
both. To abort a compose sequence, press the DELETE key. If you press
CTRL/K before completing the compose sequence, TFF restarts the compose
sequence. If you press any other control key before completing the compose
sequence, the compose sequence is aborted and the control character is sent
to the application.

3.2

Compose Sequences-DIGITAL LK201 Keyboard and
the LATl N _ 1 Table
Table TFU-1 contains the compose sequences defined for entering MCS
characters on most keyboards. You can use these compose sequences to enter
all the characters currently available with the standard LK201 keyboard used
with VT200-series terminals, DECmate, VAXmate, and DIGITAL workstations.
TFF converts characters that do not have an accurate visual representation
to the closest possible fallback representation. If no such fallback exists, TFF
replaces the character with an underscore.

Table TFU-1
Fall back

LATIN_ 1 Table

Character

Name

Compose

quotation mark

" space

number sign

space

apostrophe
@

commercial at

[

opening bracket

( (

backslash

I I or I

closing bracket

) )

circumflex accent

{
}

Sensitivity

space

single quote

· space

opening brace

( -

vertical line

closing brace

) -

tilde

,...., space

inverted exclamation

! !

cent sign

c I or c I

TFU-3

TFU Description

Table TFU-1 (Cont.)

LATIN_1 Table

Fallback

Character

Name

Compose

L
y

pound sign

I - or I=

yen sign

y - or y =

section sign

so ors 0 ors !

181

currency sign

x o or x 0

co or c 0

.a.

female ordinal indicator

double open angle brackets

< <

degree sign

plus/minus sign

Sensitivity

superscript 1

+1A

superscript 2

2 A

superscript 3

3 A

micro sign

paragraph sign (pilcrow)

masculine ordinal indicator

double close angle brackets

> >

1/.i

fraction one-quarter

Order

fraction one-half

Order

inverted question mark

? ?

A
A
A
A
A
A

A grave

Case

A acute

Case

A circumflex

A'
AA

A tilde

A,....,

Case

A umlaut

A ..

Case

A ring

Case

A E ligature

Order & Case

C cedilla

Case

E grave

Case

c;
E
E

E acute

Case

E circumflex

E'
EA

E umlaut

E ..

Case

I grave

Case

I acute

Case

I circumflex

Case
Case

Order

middle dot

A
A
A
A
A

c
E

E
i

Case

I umlaut

I ..

N tilde

N,....,

Case

0 grave

Case

TFU-4

TFU Description

Table TFU-1 (Cont.)

LATIN_1 Table

Fall back

Character

Name

Compose

Sensitivity

6
6

0 acute

o·

Case

0 circumflex

Case

0 tilde
0 umlaut

0 -0 ..

Case

6
0

0 slash

Case

0 E ligature

Order & Case
Case

0
0

u
u
u
u

U grave

U acute

0
0

U circumflex

Case

U umlaut

u'
u·
u
u ..

Y umlaut

y ..

Case

German small sharp s

s s

Case

a
a
a

a grave

Case

a acute

Case

a circumflex

Case

a tilde

a "'

Case

a
a

a umlaut

Case

a ring

Case

a e ligature

Order & Case

c cedilla

Case

e grave

Case

e acute

Case

e
e
e

e circumflex

Case

e umlaut

Case

i grave

Case

i acute

i'
i.

i circumflex

Case

i umlaut

i ..

y
a
a
a
a

c
e
e

Case
Case
Case

Case
Case

n tilde

n"'

Case

o grave

Case

o acute

Case

o circumflex

Case

o tilde

0 --

Case

o umlaut

Case

o slash

o I

Case

o e ligature

Order & Case

u grave

Case

TFU-5

TFU Description

Table TFU-1 (Cont.)

LATIN_1 Table

Fall back

Character

Name

u acute

Case

u circumflex

Case

i.i

u umlaut

Case

y umlaut

Case

Compose

Sensitivity

Note that the characters circumflex ("), tilde (,...., ), and grave accent (') are
used frequently to compose MCS characters. Many NRC sets, however,
replace them with an NRC character. Thus, they are not available on an NRC
keyboard. For each one of these keys, TFF accepts a replacement key. If you
use this replacement key, however, you must begin the compose sequence
with it; these compose sequences are order sensitive. For example, you can
compose E with "E, E" or $E, but not with E$. TFF offers the following
replacement keys:
•

$ (dollar sign) replaces " (circumflex)

% (percent) replaces ,...., (tilde)

•

& (ampersand) replaces ' (grave accent)

Section 4.5 describes the commands to associate the chosen tables with
specific terminals.

Setting Up the TFF Environment
Before you can use TFF on a system, you must perform three basic steps.
First, you must enable TFF on the VMS operating system. Next, you must
load TFF tables into nonpaged dynamic memory pool. Finally, you or the
system users must set terminal characteristics to make use of TFF. When
you perform these steps, you can also establish system defaults to lessen the
startup time for terminal users on your system.

4.1

Installing TFF on Your System
After you install VMS on your system, you must enable TFF. Invoke
the command procedure TFF$STARTUP.COM located in the directory
SYS$MANAGER on your system disk. The TFF$STARTUP.COM command
procedure uses the System Generation Utility (SYSGEN) to load the fallback
terminal driver (FBDRIVER) into nonpaged dynamic memory pool (see the
VMS System Generation Utility Manual). To make the FBDRIVER available
whenever the system is rebooted, edit the site-specific startup command
procedure SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_V5.COM to include the following
command:
$ ©SYS$MANAGER:TFF$STARTUP.COM

TFU-6

TFU Description

4.2

Loading Tables into Nonpaged Dynamic Memory Pool
After TFF is enabled on a system, you must determine which character
conversion tables and compose sequence tables the system users may need.
Then you must load the desired tables into system physical memory, known
as nonpaged dynamic memory pool. No users can access tables until you
load them. To do this, you must direct TFU to the library containing the
tables (use the SET LIBRARY command). The master library of character
conversion tables is located on the VMS operating system disk in the
following directory:
SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT

This library, shown in Table TFU-2, contains all the character tables
supported by TFF.

Table TFU-2

TFF Tables in SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT

Table Name

Type

Base Description

ASCII

Fall back

MCS

MCS for ASCII (US)

ASCll_OVST

Fall back

MCS

MCS for hardcopy ASCII terminal (overstrike)

BRITISH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for British NRC (BS 4730 [ISO 646 variant])

CANADIAN

Fall back

MCS

MCS for French-Canadian NRC (CSA 2243.4-1985)

DANISH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Danish NRC (DS 2089)

DEC_SUPP

Fall back

MCS

MCS for DEC-Supplemental

DUTCH

Fallback

MCS

MCS for Dutch NRC

FINNISH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Finnish NRC

FINNISH_VT 102LD

Fallback

MCS

MCS for Finnish VT 102LD

FRENCH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for French NRC (AN FOR NF Z 62-010 [ 1973])

MCS

MCS for French VT 1OOWF

FRENCH_VT 1OOWF

Fallback

GERMAN

Fallback

MCS

MCS for German NRC (DIN 66 003)

GERMAN_VT102GY

Fallback

MCS

MCS for German VT 102GY

GREEK

Fallback

Grek

Greek 8-bit for DEC Greek 7-bit

HEBREW_VT100

Fallback

Hebr

8-bit Hebrew for DEC Hebrew VT 100

IS03_COMPOSE

Compose

IS03

ISO Latin 3 compose sequence validation

IS03_VT 1OOTURK

Fallback

IS03

ISO Latin 3 for DEC Turkish 7-bit

IS03_VT200TURK

Fallback

IS03

ISO Latin 3 for DEC Turkish 8-bit

IS0_7BIT

Fall back

IS01

ISO Latin 1 for ASCII 7-bit terminals

ISO_COMPOSE

Compose

ISO

ISO Latin 1 compose sequence validation

ISO_VT 1OOMCS

Fallback

IS01

ISO Latin 1 for VT 1OOs with DEC-Supp in ROM # 1

ISO_VT200MCS

Fall back

IS01

ISO Latin 1 for MCS terminals

ITALIAN

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Italian NRC (ISO registry # 15)

LATIN_ 1

Compose

MCS

MCS compose sequence validation

MCS_FOR_ISO

Fall back

MCS

MCS for a terminal with ISO Latin 1

TFU-7

TFU Description

Table TFU-2 (Cont.)

TFF Tables in SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT

Table Name

Type

Base Description

NORWEGIAN

Fallback

MCS

MCS for Norwegian NRC (NS 4551 V 1)

PORTUGUESE

Fallback

MCS

MCS for DEC Portuguese NRC

SPANISH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Spanish NRC (ISO registry # 17)

SWEDISH_D47

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Swedish NRC (old type D4 7)

SWEDISH_E47

Fallback

MCS

MCS for Swedish NRC (SEN 85 02 00 - E4 7)

SWISS_VT 102PY

Fallback

MCS

MCS for Swiss VT 102PY

TURKISH

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Turkish NRC (partial ISO 6937 /2)

VT100_MCS

Fallback

MCS

MCS for VT 1OOs with DEC-Supp in ROM # 1

YUGOSLAVIAN

Fall back

MCS

MCS for Yugoslavian NRC (JUS I B 1.002)

4.2.1

Choosing TFF Tables
Before anyone can use TFF, you or the system users must choose the
appropriate TFF conversion tables. Each terminal uses two tables: the fallback
table and the compose sequence emulation table.

Fallback tables are tailored for different terminals. There is one fallback
table for a base character set for a particular terminal. For example,
table SWEDISH_E47 is intended to be used on a Swedish VTlOO-type
terminal, conforming to the Swedish character set E47. The default compose
sequence table is LATIN _I, used with DIGITAL applications. However, if
an application uses a character set other than MCS, you need a matching
compose sequence table. For example, to use the ISO tables ISO_VT200MCS
or ISO_VTlOOMCS, you need the compose sequence table ISO-COMPOSE.
But, if you have an ISO terminal and want to use an MCS character set,
you need the fallback table MCSJOR-1SO, with which you also need the
LATIN_l compose sequence table.
4.2.2

System Resources and User Convenience
Because TFF makes use of valuable system resources (nonpaged dynamic
memory pool), you must carefully prepare the environment from the system
level. After you determine the requirements of the system's users, you need
to establish any desired systemwide TFF defaults and load the appropriate
conversion tables into nonpaged dynamic memory pool. Only previously
loaded tables can be enabled by users at their terminals. How users control
TFF from their terminals is explained later.
If your system is not shared by many users and has a large memory capacity
installed, you may load into nonpaged dynamic memory pool each of the
character conversion tables requested by the users. The convenience of
having the tables quickly available to users may exceed the need for all
available nonpaged dynamic memory pool. If, however, your system has
many users competing for resources or has limited memory capacity installed,
you may want to determine which tables are essential at a given time and
which should be loaded only as needed. You can arrange to have users notify
you when they need the conversion tables they use less often. You can also
monitor the use of loaded tables with TFU commands. Thus, you can load
and unload tables as they are needed.

TFU-8

TFU Description

4.3

Setting System Default Tables
When TFF is enabled, two tables are established as the default tables. ASCII
is defined as the default fallback table, and LATIN _l is defined as the default
compose sequence table. These tables are permanently loaded into nonpaged
dynamic memory pool. After you load other tables into nonpaged dynamic
memory pool, you can establish a new default fallback table and a new
conversion table.
One advantage of setting new defaults is ease of use for terminal users. For
example, if most of the users on the system use the table
FRENCH_VTlOOWF, establish it as the default. To use it, users can then
enter either the DCL command SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK or the TFU
command SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK. If you do not set
FRENCH_VTlOOWF as the default, each user must enter TFU and enter SET
TERMINAL/FALLBACK=TABLE:FRENCH_VTlOOWF.

4.4

Invoking TFU
To use the Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU), enter the following command in
response to the DCL prompt:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:TFU

The utility responds with the following prompt:
VAX/VMS Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF)
TFU>

After you invoke TFU, you can enter any of the TFU commands. These
commands follow the standard rules for DCL commands.
For example, to view the previous list of tables on line, you can invoke TFU
and enter the following commands:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:TFU
VAX/VMS Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF)
TFU> SET LIBRARY SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT
TFU> DIRECTORY

These commands are described in detail in the TFU Commands section.

4.5

Commands for Setting Up a TFF Environment
You can use the following TFU commands to customize your site. How you
set up your system is determined by the needs of your site. You can use these
commands regularly to maintain the system.

TFU-9

TFU Description

Command

Use

DIRECTORY

Displays a directory listing of a TFF library.

LOAD TABLE

Loads a character conversion table from the current
work library into nonpaged dynamic memory pool.

SET DEFAULT_TABLE

Establishes the default fallback character conversion
table.

SET LIBRARY

Declares a library as a current work library.

SHOW ST A TISTICS

Displays memory used, default TFF character
conversion tables, and other TFF statistics.

SHOW LIBRARY

Displays information about the current work library.

SHOW TABLES

Displays information about loaded character
conversion tables.

UNLOAD TABLE

Unloads a character conversion table from nonpaged
dynamic memory pool.

Note that the SET DEFAULT_TABLE, LOAD TABLE, and UNLOAD TABLE
commands require operator (OPER) privilege; the SHOW commands do not.
Note also that there is no SET TABLE command.

4.6

Managing TFF Terminal Parameters
After TFF is installed on your system, you and individual users can set,
change, and display TFF terminal parameters. You can set defaults from
a system level or a terminal level. Thus, two terminals on the same VMS
operating system can use different default conversion tables.
After you load the desired tables ihto nonpaged dynamic memory pool, you
can set some default characteristics for the terminals attached to your system.
For example, you may set one fallback table as a system default, and one
compose table as a system default. This allows any user who logs in to a
local terminal to enter a DCL or TFU SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK command
and make use of the system conversion table defaults. In addition, users
can set their own default fallback tables from tables previously loaded into
nonpaged dynamic memory pool.
After you set up the TFF environment, terminal users can make full use of
the TFU SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK command and its many options. For a
detailed description of these options, see the TFU Commands section.
Use the following commands to manage TFF terminal parameters.

TFU-10

TFU Description

Command

Use

SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK[=option]

Enables or modifies TFF terminal
parameters. This is the primary
Terminal Fallback Utility command.
Use this command to activate the
desired behavior at the specified
terminal.

SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE

Displays the default fallback character
conversion table.

SHOW TABLES

Displays information about loaded
conversion tables. This information is
helpful before you try to enable TFF
terminal parameters.

SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK

Displays TFF terminal parameters.

TFU-11

TFU Usage Summary
The VMS Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU) is the user interface to the VMS
Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF). This facility provides character conversion
for terminals and can perform character compose emulation on input from
a terminal.
Use the Terminal Fallback Utility to set up the system to use TFF character
conversion tables, and to set, change, and display TFF terminal-related
parameters.

FORMAT

RUN SYS$SYSTEM:TFU

usage summary

To use the Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU), enter the following command in
response to the DCL prompt:
$RUN SYS$SYSTEM:TFU

The utility responds with the following prompt:
VAX/VMS Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF)
TFU>

After you invoke TFU, you can enter any of the TFU commands. These
commands follow the standard rules for DCL commands.
To exit from TFU, enter the EXIT command at the TFU prompt:
TFU> EXIT

You can also exit from TFU by pressing CTRL/Z.

TFU-12

TFU
TFU Commands

TFU
COMMANDS

This section describes the Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU) commands.

DIRECTORY
EXIT
HELP
LOAD TABLE
QUIT
SET DEFAULT_TABLE
SET LIBRARY
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK=option
SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE
SHOW LIBRARY
SHOW STATISTICS
SHOW TABLES
SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK
UNLOAD TABLE

TFU-13

TFU
DIRECTORY

DIRECTORY
Provides a directory of a TFF library file. You can specify selective, brief,
or full directory listings.
If you specify a library name, that library becomes the current work library.

FORMAT
PARAMETER

DIRECTORY [library-name}
library-name
Indicates the name of the library for which a directory listing is requested. If
you have already established a work library, library-name is optional.

QUALIFIERS

/ALL
Lists all tables in the target library.

/COMPOSE
Lists only compose sequence tables. You cannot use /COMPOSE
simultaneously with/ ALL or /FALLBACK.

/FALLBACK
Lists only fallback tables. This is the default for the DIRECTORY command.
You cannot use /FALLBACK simultaneously with/ ALL or /COMPOSE.

/FULL
Displays more detailed table information. By default, only one line of
information is displayed about each table you select.

EXAMPLES

TFU> DIRECTORY
Directory of TFF library SYS$COMMON: [SYSEXE]TFF$MASTER.DAT;1
Name
Type Base Description
ASCII
ASCII_OVST
BRITISH
CANADIAN

TFU-14

Fbk
Fbk
Fbk
Fbk

MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS

MCS for ASCII (US)
MCS for hardcopy ASCII terminal (overstrike)
MCS for British NRC (BS 4730 [ISO 646 variant])
MCS for French-Canadian NRC (CSA Z243.4-1985)

TFU
DIRECTORY

SWEDISH_D47
SWED ISH_E4 7
SWISS_VT102PY
TURKISH
VT100_MCS
YUGOSLAVIAN
A total of 28 tables
TFU>

Fbk
Fbk
Fbk
Fbk
Fbk
Fbk

MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS
MCS

MCS for Swedish NRC (old type D47)
MCS for Swedish NRC (SEN 85 02 00 - E47)
MCS for Swiss VT102PY
MCS for Turkish NRC (partial ISO 6937/2)
MCS for VT100s with DEC-Supp in ROM#1
MCS for Yugoslavian NRC (JUS I B1.002)

This example shows how to produce a brief directory listing of all the fallback
tables in the current work library.
~

TFU> DIRECTORY SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT/FALLBACK/FULL
Directory of TFF library SYS$COMMON: [SYSEXE]TFF$MASTER.DAT;1
Name
Type Base Description
ASCII

Fbk MCS

ASCII_OVST

Fbk MCS

BRITISH

Fbk MCS

VT100_MCS

Fbk MCS

YUGOSLAVIAN

Fbk MCS

MCS for ASCII (US)
Table edit level: V1.0-0
Size (in bytes): 1128
Table format version: 0
MCS for hardcopy ASCII terminal (overstrike)
Table edit level: V1.0-0
Size (in bytes) : 1352
Table format version: 0
MCS for British NRC (BS 4730 [ISO 646 variant])
Table edit level: V1.0-0
Size (in bytes): 1128
Table format version: 0

MCS for VT100s with DEC-Supp in ROM#1
Table edit level: V1.0-0
Size (in bytes) : 1413
Table format version: 0
MCS for Yugoslavian NRC (JUS I B1.002)
Table edit level: V1.0-0
Size (in bytes): 1128
Table format version: 0

A total of 28 tables
TFU>

This example shows how to display full information about all fallback tables
in the library SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT. The library specified in this
command then becomes the new default work library.

TFU-15

TFU
EXIT

EXIT
Terminates the TFU session and returns you to the DCL command level.
You can also type QUIT or press CTRL/Z or CTRL/C to exit from TFU.

FORMAT

TFU-16

EXIT

TFU
HELP

HELP
Allows you to obtain on line information about the Terminal Fallback Utility.

FORMAT
PARAMETER

HELP

[topic}

topic
Indicates a topic about which you want information.

EXAMPLE
TFU> HELP *

This command provides information about all of the TFU commands. To
obtain information about the individual commands or topics, enter HELP
followed by the desired topic.

TFU-17

TFU
LOAD TABLE

LOAD TABLE
Loads a table from the current work library into nonpaged dynamic
memory pool. Before you use this command, the fallback driver,
FBDRIVER, must be loaded into memory by means of the System
Generation Utility (SYSGEN) or SYS$MANAGER:TFF$ST ARTUP.COM.
A table must be loaded into nonpaged dynamic memory pool before it can
be used.
The following tables are always present and cannot be loaded or unloaded:

FORMAT
PARAMETER

•

ASCll-Fallback

•

LA TIN_ 1-Compose sequence validation

LOAD TABLE

table-name

table-name
Indicates the name of the table to be loaded.

EXAMPLE
TFU> LOAD TABLE HEBREW_VT100
TFU>

This example shows how to load table HEBREW_VTlOO into nonpaged
dynamic memory pool from the current work library.

TFU-18

TFU
QUIT

QUIT
Terminates the TFU session and returns you to the DCL command level.
You can also type EXIT or press CTRL/Z or CTRL/C to exit from TFU.

FORMAT

QUIT

TFU-19

TFU
SET DEFAULT_TABLE

SET DEFAULT_TABLE
Establishes a default table for the system. Before you specify a table
as the system default, you must load the table into nonpaged dynamic
memory pool using the LOAD command. The SET DEFAULT_TABLE
command reads the table type (fallback or compose) from the specified
table's header and makes the target table the default for its type.
Before you enable any defaults, the following defaults apply:

FORMAT
PARAMETER

•

ASCll-Fallback

•

LATIN_ 1-Compose validation

SET DEFAULT_TABLE

table-name

table-name
Indicates the name of the table to be the defaqlt table.

EXAMPLES

TFU> SET DEFAULT_TABLE HEBREW_VT100
TFU> SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE
System default TFF tables are:
HEBREW_VT100
(fall back)
LATIN_!
(compose sequence validation)
TFU>

The command in this example establishes HEBREW_VTlOO as the default
fallback table for the system. The table HEBREW_VTlOO must be loaded
before you enter this command.
~

TFU> SET DEFAULT_TABLE LATIN_!
TFU>

Because the LATIN _l table is a compose sequence validation table rather
than a fallback table, the command in this example makes the LATIN_l table
the default compose sequence validation table.

TFU-20

TFU
SET LIBRARY

SET LIBRARY
Allows you to declare a work library. Note that some commands implicitly
declare a work library. If the library is located, it becomes the new work
library.

FORMAT
PARAMETER

SET LIBRARY

library-name

library-name
Indicates the name of the library to be made the current library. You must
specify a library with the SET LIBRARY command.

EXAMPLE
TFU> SET LIBRARY SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT
TFU> LOAD HEBREW_VT100
TFU>

In this example, the first command sets the library to be
SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT, which is the default file name and
location. This command directs TFF to use character conversion tables
located in that file. The second command loads the table HEBREW_VTlOO
into nonpaged dynamic memory pool.

TFU-21

TFU
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK

SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK
Enables or modifies TFF terminal parameters. The /FALLBACK qualifier is
required, but you can place it before or after the terminal-name parameter.
SET TERMINAL/NOFALLBACK takes no options and is equivalent to SET
TERMINAL/FALLBACK=TABLE: NONE.

FORMAT

PARAMETERS

SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK [=(option, .. .)]
[terminal-name]
SET TERMINAL/NOFALLBACK [terminal-name]
terminal-name
Indicates the target terminal for the set operation. If not specified, your
own terminal is used. Note that you can use TFF only from local terminals;
you cannot use terminal fallback on a remote terminal (RTAx), 1 the fallback
terminal device (FBAO), a Packet Switch Interface (PSI) terminal (NVAO),
a disconnected virtual terminal, or a terminal set for dynamic switching
(DYNSWITCH) with DECnet.

option
Modifies the terminal parameters. If you specify more than one, enclose them
in parentheses, and separate each with commas. You can use the following
options with the FALLBACK=option qualifier:

Option

Definition

ACCEPT
NO ACCEPT

Enables input of 8-bit characters if the terminal
is capable of generating 8-bit characters. The
default is 7-bit character generation. Seven-bit
terminals, such as VT 1xx and LA 1xx, should have
this feature turned off, whereas VT2xx terminals
may have it on (depending on the active table).
The NOACCEPT option causes TFF to clear the
eighth bit.

AUTOCOMPOSE
NOAUTOCOMPOSE

Enables or disables all auto-compose keys available
for the fall back table associated with a terminal.
The AUTOCOMPOSE and NOAUTOCOMPOSE
options override any keys specified with the
ENABLE and DISABLE options.

You can use TFF locally and then use the DCL command SET HOST to access a remote system.

TFU-22

TFU
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK

Option

Definition

DISABLE=(value[, ... ])

Disables one or more active auto-compose keys.
Keys are chosen from the list of keys available
for the fallback table associated with a terminal.
The value argument is a list of the decimal values
of the keys to disable. If you specify more than
one value, separate the values with commas and
place them in parentheses. SHOW TERMINAL
/FALLBACK lists the currently active keys and their
decimal values.

ENABLE=(value[, ... ])

Enables one or more auto-compose keys. Choose
keys from the list of keys available for the fallback
table associated with the specified terminal. The
value argument is a list of the decimal values
of the keys to enable. If you specify more than
one value, separate the values with commas and
place them in parentheses. SHOW TERMINAL
/FALLBACK lists the currently active keys and their
decimal values.

GX_DEFAULT:gx-name

Defines as the default character set the name of
a character set, previously defined and stored
in Read Only Memory (ROM) of the specified
terminal. For example, VT 1OOLD specifies the line
drawing alternate character set available on VT 100
terminals, and DE CSU PP specifies DIGIT AL' s
supplemental character set.
These options are available for a variety of
incompatible terminals. For example, the ASCII
option applies to a special class of older DIGIT AL
terminals that do not have an ASCII ROM that
allows display of the full ASCII character set.
These terminals have only the NRC set of
characters.
Currently you can specify any of the following
character sets for the default: ASCII, CANADA,
CANADA_2, DECSUPP, FINLAND, FINLAND_2,
FRANCE, GERMANY IT AL y JIS, NETHERLAND,
NORDAN, NORW A y NORW A y _2, SPAIN,
SPECIAL 1, SPECIAL2, SPECIAL3, SWEDEN,
SWEDEN_2, SWISS, TCS, UK, or VT100LD
I

For more information about available default and
alternate ROM-based character sets, see the
documentation for your specific terminal.
SIGNAL
NOSIGNAL

Enables the output of a BELL character to sound a
terminal bell when an invalid compose sequence is
entered. This is the default. You can disable this
feature for applications that split escape sequences
(for output) into two or more OIOs, because the
BELL character may destroy such a sequence.

TFU-23

TFU
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK

Option

Definition

SOFT
NOSOFT_COMPOSE

Enables software emulated compose, using the
terminal's compose sequence validation table. You
can enter compose sequences either by pressing
CTRL/K followed by the sequence, or by pressing
an auto-compose key followed by the second
character of the sequence.

SUSPEND
NOSUSPEND

Suspends or resumes TFF intervention. In
command procedures that perform data transfers
over the terminal line, use the SUSPEND option to
avoid having to remember which TFF parameters
are to be reset. The SUSPEND option suspends
TFF intervention until you specify NOSUSPEND.

T ABLE:table-name

Indicates the name of the fallback table to enable.
If you omit the table-name option and the terminal
does not yet have fallback enabled, then the
system default is used. Otherwise, no change
is made to the terminal's table. Specify NONE
for the table to disable fallback for the target
terminal. This is equivalent to SET TERMINAL
/NOFALLBACK.
Before you can enable it, the target table must
be present in nonpaged dynamic memory pool.
Use the SHOW TABLES command for information
about what tables are available.

TERMINAL:terminal _type

Specifies the terminal type, as seen by TFF. The
terminal type controls part of the escape sequence
parsing done by TFF. Thus, you should set this
to the correct value. Use one of the following
values: VT100, VT102, VT200, or AL_ARABI.
VT 102 also includes the terminals that are named
VT100xy, for example, VT100WF.

EXAMPLES

TFU> SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK
TFU>

The command in this example enables fallback for the current terminal, using
the default fallback table and default compose sequence table. The default
terminal type is VTlOO.
~

TFU> SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK= (ACCEPT, NOSIGNAL)
TFU>

The command in this example enables fallback using system defaults, if
they are not already enabled. The option ACCEPT enables input of 8-bit
characters; NOSIGNAL disables the terminal bell that sounds when invalid
compose sequences are entered.

TFU-24

TFU
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK
~

TFU> SET TERMINAL TXBO: /FALLBACK=TABLE: NONE
TFU>

The command in this example disables fallback for terminal TXBO. This is
the same as SET TERMINAL/NOFALLBACK TXBO. Note that you can place
qualifiers before or after the terminal-name parameter.

TFU-25

TFU
SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE

SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE
Displays the default fall back tables for your system.

FORMAT

SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE

EXAMPLE
TFU> SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE
System default TFF tables are:
CANADIAN
LATIN_1
TFU>

(f allback)
(compose sequence validation)

The command in this example displays the default fallback and compose
tables as they were established before the command was entered. In this
example, the table CANADIAN is the default fallback table, and the table
LATIN _l is the default compose sequence validation table.

TFU-26

TFU
SHOW LIBRARY

SHOW LIBRARY
Provides information about the current work library.

FORMAT

SHOW LIBRARY

EXAMPLE
TFU> SHOW LIBRARY
%TFF-I-READIS, Current input library is SYS$COMMON: [SYSEXE]TFF$MASTER.DAT;1
TFU>

The command in this example lists the current work library. In this case, the
default library TFF$MASTER.DAT is listed.

TFU-27

TFU
SHOW STATISTICS

SHOW STATISTICS
Displays memory and other statistical information related to TFF.

FORMAT

SHOW STATISTICS

EXAMPLE
TFU> SHOW STATISTICS
TFF system statistics:
Memory (bytes) Fixed memory:
FBDRIVER
5608
Loaded tables:
Compose tables (0)
O
Fallback tables (2)
2288
Memory allocated by f allback terminals (0) :
FBKs
0
Replaced vectors
O
Total memory used (bytes):
7896
Misc Total tables loaded since boot: 2
System default TFF tables are:
CANADIAN
(fall back)
LATIN_!
(compose sequence validation)
TFU>

The command in this example displays information about TFF use. From this
display you can see that two fallback tables have been loaded (in addition
to the default table}, no new compose tables have been loaded, and no
fallback terminals have memory allocated to them. Other information is also
displayed.

TFU-28

TFU
SHOW TABLES

SHOW TABLES
Displays information about all loaded TFF conversion tables.

FORMAT

SHOW TABLES

PARAMETERS

None.

QUALIFIERS

None.

EXAMPLE
TFU> SHOW TABLES
The following TFF tables are currently loaded
Name
Type Base Cref c Tref c
ASCII
Fbk MCS * 0 0
LATIN_1
Cmp MCS * 0 0
HEBREW_VT100
Fbk Hebr
0 0
CANADIAN
Fbk MCS
0 0
%TFF-W-NOMORETAB, No more tables in wildcard scan

This example shows how to display a line of information about the tables
currently loaded into nonpaged dynamic memory pool.

TFU-29

TFU
SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK

SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK
Displays TFF statistics about a specific terminal. The /FALLBACK qualifier
is required, but you can place it before or after the terminal-name
parameter.

FORMAT
PARAMETER

SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK {terminal-name}
terminal-name
Indicates the target terminal for the show operation. If excluded, your own
terminal is used. Note that you can use TFF only from local terminals;
you cannot use terminal fallback on a remote terminal (RTAx), the fallback
terminal device (FBAO), a Packet Switch Interface (PSI) terminal (NVAO),
a disconnected virtual terminal, or a terminal set for dynamic switching
(DYNSWITCH) with DECnet.

QUALIFIERS

/ESCAPE_STATE
Displays information about escape sequence parsing and triggering Read Only
Memories (ROMs). Use this information to debug your application.

/FLAGS
Displays which TFF terminal flags (options) you can set from the terminal,
and displays any internal TFF flags.

/FULL
Displays full information about the terminal. You cannot use this qualifier
with /ESCAPE_STATE or /STATISTICS.

/STATISTICS
Displays statistics about the specified terminal.

/TABLES
Displays the names of tables assigned to the specified terminal, including
auto-compose keys for the fallback table.

TFU-30

TFU
SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK

EXAMPLE
TFU> SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK/FULL TXBO:
TFF status for physical terminal _TXBO:
Active tables:
ASCII
LATIN_1

(FALLBACK)
(compose sequence validation)

Autocompose-keys (Parenthesized values are character's decimal value):
None
Settable flags:
Nosuspend, Noaccept_8bit, Soft_compose, Signal, NoGR_terminal
Internal state flags:
None
Rom(s) that will trigger TFF I/0 conversion:
ASCII
Escape sequence parsing states:
Input_state: Off (0), Output_state: Off (0)
Terminal graphic registers for the next character (setup = VTOO) :
GO = ASCII,
G1 = ASCII
Output mapping:
GL = GO (maps 7-bit; 8th bit is truncated)
Output formatter expansion:
Received: 4579 Transmitted: 4579 Expansion rate: +0.0%
Replaced vector sizes (bytes):
Port vector: 99, Class vector: 139
TFU>

This example shows how to produce a full display of TFF information for
terminal TXBO.

TFU-31

TFU
UNLOAD TABLE

UNLOAD TABLE
Unloads a table from nonpaged ~ynamic memory pool, releasing all
memory used by the specified table. You can only unload tables that
are not currently referenced by users and that are not the system default
table. You must log out or enter SET TERMINAL/NOFALLBACK from your
terminal to release a table for unloading. Note that you cannot unload the
ASCII and LA TIN_ 1 tables.

FORMAT
PARAMETER

UNLOAD TABLE

table-name

table-name
Indicates the name of the table to be unloaded.

EXAMPLE
TFU> UNLOAD TABLE HEBREW_VT100
TFU>

The command in this example unloads table HEBREW_VTl 00 from non paged
dynamic memory pool.

TFU-32

Index

Auto-compose keys• TFU-22, TFU-23

Escape sequences
split into OIOs • TFU-23
EXIT command• TFU-16

c
Characters
auto-compose• TFU-22
BELL• TFU-23
8-bit • TFU-22
7-bit • TFU-22
converting• TFU-1, TFU-2, TFU-7
how to compose•TFU-2 to TFU-6
Character sets
See also Multinational Character Set (MCS)
See also National Replacement Character Set
(NRC)
ASCll•TFU-1, TFU-2
incompatible• TFU-1
Compose characters
order sensitivity of• TFU-6
purpose of• TFU-2
replacement key• TFU-6
with the LATIN_ 1 table• TFU-3
with the LKO 1 keyboard • TFU_..:3
Compose sequence
signal when invalid• TFU-23
Compose sequence tables• TFU-1, TFU-2
LA TIN_ 1 • TFU-3
CTRL/K • TFU-23
composing characters using• TFU-3
CTRL/Z • TFU-12

D
DIRECTORY command• TFU-9, TFU-14

F
Fallback
See Terminal fallback

H
HELP command• TFU-17

K
Keys
auto-compose• TFU-22, TFU-23

L
LATIN_ 1 Table•TFU-3
replacement key • TFU-6
LOAD TABLE command•TFU-10, TFU-18

M
Master character conversion library• TFU-7
Multinational Character Set (MCS) • TFU-1, TFU-2

lndex-1

Index

National Replacement Character Set (NRC) • TFU-1,
TFU-2
Non paged dynamic memory pool• TFU-6
loading tables into• TFU-7

Tables
ASCII• TFU-18
enabling• TFU-24
establishing default• TFU-20
in SYS$SYSTEM:TFF$MASTER.DAT • TFU-7
LATIN_ 1 •TFU-18
producing a brief directory list of• TFU-1 5
setting system default• TFU-9
Terminal fallback
purpose of• TFU-2
Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF) • TFU-1

p
Privileges for TFU commands• TFU-10

a
QUIT command• TFU-19

R
Read Only Memory (ROM) • TFU-23
ROM
See Read Only Memory

s
SET DEFAULT_TABLE command• TFU-10,
TFU-20
SET LIBRARY command•TFU-7, TFU-10,
TFU-21
SET TERMINAL/FALLBACK command• TFU-10,
TFU-22
SHOW DEFAULT_TABLE command • TFU-11,
TFU-26
SHOW LIBRARY command•TFU-10, TFU-27
SHOW STATISTICS command•TFU-10, TFU-28
SHOW TABLES command• TFU-10, TFU-11,
TFU-29
SHOW TERMINAL/FALLBACK command•
TFU-1 1, TFU-30
SYS$MANAGER:SYST ARTUP_ V5.COM • TFU-6
System default tables• TFU-9

See also Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU)
Terminal Fallback Utility (TFU)
and SYSGEN • TFU-6
and SYST ARTUP_ V5. COM• TFU-6
and system resources• TFU-8
choosing TFF tables with• TFU-8
commands• TFU-13 to TFU-32
privileges needed to use• TFU-10
exiting• TFU-12
getting information about• TFU-1 7
installing• TFU-6
invoking • TFU-9, TFU-12
loading tables with• TFU-7
managing terminal parameters with• TFU-10
master character conversion library for• TFU-7
overview • TFU-1
resuming TFF intervention• TFU-24
setting up• TFU-6, TFU-9
suspending TFF intervention• TFU-24
system default tables for• TFU-9
TFF$ST ARTUP.COM • TFU-6
Terminals
managing terminal parameters with• TFU-10
setting default characteristics for• TFU-10
specifying type• TFU-24
TFF
See Terminal Fallback Facility (TFF)
TFF$STARTUP.COM • TFU-6
TFF tables• TFU-8

u
UNLOAD TABLE command• TFU-10, TFU-32

lndex-2

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VMS Terminal Fallback
Utility Manual
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NASHUA, NH 03062-9987

111 ..... 11.11 .... 11 .... 1.11.1 .. 1.1 .. 1.. 1.1 ••• 1.11 .. 1
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DIGIT AL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
Corporate User Publications-Spit Brook
ZK01-3/J35 110 SPIT BROOK ROAD
NASHUA, NH 03062-9987

111 ..... 11.11 .... 11 .... 1.11.1 .. 1.1 .. 1•• 1.1 ••• 1.11 •• 1
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