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Document:	ULTRIX Guide to IBM Terminal Emulation for VAX Processors
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ULTRIX

Guide to IBM Terminal Emulation
for VAX Processors

Order Number: AA-MF04B-TE

ULTRIX

Guide to IBM Terminal Emulation
for VAX Processors
Order Number: AA-MF04B-TE
June 1990

Product Version:

ULTRIX Version 4.0 or higher

This manual introduces the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator and provides setup,
maintenance, and troubleshooting information for the Emulator.

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252.227-7013.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment
by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may
appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital or its
affiliated companies.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

IlImaamD
CDA
DDIF
DDIS
DEC
DECnet
DECstation

DECUS
DECwindows
DTIF
MASS BUS
MicroVAX
Q-bus
ULTRIX
ULTRIX Mail Connection

ULTRIX Worksystem Software
VAX
VAXstation
VMS
VMS/ULTRIX Connection
VT
XUI

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the USA and other countries.

Contents

About This Manual
Audience

Organization

Conventions

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

1.1

The Terminal Emulator

1.2

Terminal Emulator Features

1.3

Hardware Requirements

1.4

Software Requirements

1.5

Setting Up the Terminal Emulator

1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6

1-1

...................................................................... .

1-2
............................................................................ .

1-4

Modifying the System Configuration File ............................. ~ ........... .
Modifying the System Startup File .................................................. ..

1-4
1-5

................................................. .

1-5

How the Terminal Emulator Prepares Your Files ............................. ..
How the Terminal Emulator Transmits Your Files ............................ .
How the Terminal Emulator Receives Files ...................................... .

1-6
1-6
1-6

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

2.1

Using the Terminal Emulator

2.1.1
2.1.2

1-3

............................................................. .

Overview of Using the Terminal Emulator

1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3

1-1

................................................................... ..

2-1

Preparing Your Files ..................................................................... .
Sending Your Files ....................................................................... .

2-1
2-2

2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.5
2.1.2.6
2.1.2.7

Turning Off Space Compression ........................................... .
Requesting Mail Messages .................................................. .
Requesting Top Priority ~ ..................................................... .
Temporarily Suspending File Transmission ............................ .
Sending Files Transparently ................................................. .
Sending Multiple-Record Data Packets .................................. .
Specifying Default Names for Incoming Files ........................ .

2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-5

2.1.2.8
2.1.2.9
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.2

2-5
2-5

Resolving Problems ...................................................................... .
Locating Incoming Files ................................................................ .

2-6
2-6

Maintaining the Terminal Emulator
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6

2.3

Specifying Unique Names for Incoming Files ........................ .
Specifying a Unique Sign-On Card ...................................... ..

............................................................

2-6

Creating the Default Sign-On Card ...................................................
Disabling the Terminal Emulator .....................................................
Reestablishing the Connection to the IBM System .............................
Obtaining a Record of File Transfers ................................................
Cleaning and Monitoring a Record of File Transfer Problems ..............
Cleaning the Spool Directory ..........................................................

2-6
2-7
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-8

Interpreting Error Messages
2.3.1
2.3.2

... ...... . ..... . . .. . . .............. . .... .. ... . .... .. ..... .. .. ... . ......

2-9

2780e/3780e Error Messages ...........................................................
2780d File Transmission Error Messages ..........................................

2-9
2-11

Examples
2-1: Sample JCL Statements

2-2

Figures
1-1: Typical Hardware Configuration

1-3

Tables
1-1: Files Used by the Terminal Emulator
1-2: Existing Files Modified for the Terminal Emulator
2-1: Job Options

ivContents

1-4
........................................

1-4

..............................................................................................

2-3

About This Manual

This guide provides introductory and setup infonnation for the IBM 2780/3780
Tenninal Emulator. It also explains how to maintain and troubleshoot the Tenninal
Emulator.

Audience
This guide is meant for the person responsible for maintaining networks on an
ULTRIX operating system. This person is usually the system administrator, but
could be a network administrator or the system administrator who is also a user of a
MicroVAX processor running the ULTRIX operating system. This guide assumes
that you are familiar with the ULTRIX system commands, the system configuration,
the naming conventions, and an editor such as vi or ed. It also assumes that you
know the names and addresses of the other systems on the network.

Organization
This manual consists of two chapters and an index.
Chapter 1

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Tenninal Emulator
Provides an overview of the Tenninal Emulator. It discusses both
the hardware and software needs and also how to use the emulator.

Chapter 2

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Tenninal Emulator
Describes the tasks you perfonn to use and maintain the Tenninal
Emulator. It also provides infonnation on how to interpret the error
messages for your system and peripherals.

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
%

The default user prompt is your system name followed by a right
angle bracket. In this manual, a percent sign ( % ) is used to
represent this prompt.

A number sign is the default superuser prompt.

user input

This bold typeface is used in interactive examples to indicate
typed user input.

system output This typeface is used in interactive examples to indicate system
output and also in code examples and other screen displays. In
text, this typeface is used to indicate the exact name of a
command, option, partition, pathname, directory, or file.

UPPERCASE
lowercase

The ULTRIX system differentiates between lowercase and
uppercase characters. Literal strings that appear in text,
examples, syntax descriptions, and function definitions must be
typed exactly as shown.

filename

In examples, syntax descriptions, and function definitions, italics
are used to indicate variable values; and in text, to give references
to other documents.

[ ]

In syntax descriptions and function definitions, brackets indicate
items that ,are optional.

cat(1)

Cross-references to the ULTRIX Reference Pages include the
appropriate section number in parentheses. For example, a
reference to cat(l) indicates that you can find the material on the
cat command in Section 1 of the reference pages.

vi About This Manual

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator

This chapter provides an overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator. It
discusses the hardware and software requirements of the Terminal Emulator, as well
as describing its features and giving an introduction to using it. The chapter is
broken down into the following sections:
•

The Terminal Emulator

•

Terminal Emulator features

•

Terminal Emulator hardware requirements

•

Terminal Emulator software requirements

•

Setting up the Terminal Emulator

•

Overview of using the Terminal Emulator

For step-by-step instructions on how to use and maintain the Terminal Emulator, read
Chapter 2.

1.1 The Terminal Emulator
The IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator is a software package that allows your
ULTRIX operating system to emulate an IBM 2780 or 3780 terminal. The Terminal
Emulator uses the Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) protocol to send and
receive files across a communications line connected to an IBM system that supports
2780/3780 devices.
Major software components of the Terminal Emulator include:
•

The 2780e and 3780e programs
These programs, which are called on the command line, prepare your files.

•

The 278 Od program
This program, which is called automatically by the 278 Oe or 378 Oe program,
sends the prepared files.

1.2 Terminal Emulator Features
The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator has the following features:
•

Multiuser Support
Several ULTRIX users can use the Terminal Emulator simultaneously. The
Terminal Emulator sends files one at a time in the order requested.

•

Mail Notification
You can request that the Tenninal Emulator send you ULTRIX operating
system mail messages when a file has been sent and received. The file name
and time of transaction are included in the mail message.

•

ASCIIIEBCDIC Translation
The supported IBM systems require EBCDIC characters. The Tenninal
Emulator automatically translates the ASCII characters into EBCDIC characters
when sending files to the IBM system, and EBCDIC characters into ASCII
characters when receiving files.

•

Transparent Data Transfer
When data is sent in this mode, any characters can be in the message text.
Special characters are not interpreted.

•

Nontransparent Data Transfer
When data is sent in this mode, special control characters cannot be in the
message text.

1.3 Hardware Requirements
The following hardware is required on the IBM end of the communications line to
implement the Tenninal Emulator:
•

IBM computer (3031, 3032, 3033, or 370 set up for a 2780 or 3780 terminal)

•

IBM Transmission Control Unit (3705, 2701, 2703, or 3704)

•

Bell series 200 modem (baud rate must match that of the modem on the
ULTRIX system)

On the VAX processor side of the communications line, there are two possible
hardware configurations, depending on whether you have a VAX or a MicroVAX
processor.
The following hardware is required for the VAX configuration:
•

A VAX processor

•

A DUP-ll data communications device

•

A DF126 synchronous modem:
Half-duplex
1200 or 2400 baud

•

A telephone line:
Voice or data grade
Dialup
Half-duplex or full-duplex

•

A telephone

1-2 Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

The following hardware is required for the MicroV AX configuration:
•

A MicroV AX processor

•

A DPV-11 data communications device

•

A DF126 synchronous modem:
Half-duplex
1200 or 2400 baud

•

A telephone line:
Voice or data grade
Dialup
Half-duplex or full-duplex

•

A telephone

Figure 1-1 illustrates a typical hardware configuration.

Figure 1-1: Typical Hardware Configuration

VAX

UNIBUS

DUP-11

r--

DF126
Modem

r----z---

DF126
Modem

t--

2701
TCU

t--

IBM

370

ZK-0030U-HC

Private telephone lines are not supported in the VAX or MicroVAX configuration. In
addition, the Terminal Emulator does not have autodial capabilities. However, you
can autodial through an asynchronous terminal. For more information, see the
DF126 modem documentation.

1.4 Software Requirements
The IBM system can be running one of several operating system configurations, for
example, the OSNS2 operating system with the Job Entry Subsystem JES2 or JES3.
Note that the configuration must be set up to support an IBM 2780 or 3780 remote
batch terminal.
To use the Terminal Emulator, the VAX or Micro VAX processor must be running
the ULTRIX operating system. The files and directories shown in Table 1-1 are of
particular importance.

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 1-3

Table 1-1: Files Used by the Terminal Emulator
File

Description

/usr/spool/rje

This directory stores files before they are sent and
after they are received, in addition to storing
accounting information.

/usr/spool/rje/.rjed

This file contains the process identification number
for the running 27 80 d program.

/usr/spool/rje/acctlog

This file is a log of file transmissions.

/usr/adrn/rjelog

This file is a log of error messages.

1.5 Setting Up the Terminal Emulator
The system administrator sets up and maintains the Terminal Emulator. As system
administrator, you should have a working knowledge of operations performed by
2780 or 3780 remote batch terminals and communications tools such as phone lines
and modems.
To set up the Terminal Emulator on your running ULTRIX system, you must
modify two existing files, described in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2: Existing Files Modified for the Terminal Emulator
File

Description

/sys/conf/vax/HOSTNAME

The system configuration file, which contains global,
system image, device, and pseudodevice definitions.

/etc/rc.local

The system startup file, which contains, among other
things, network information.

To make these modifications, you need to know:

1.5.1

•

The VAX hardware configuration, specifically the system and communications
devices

•

The format of the configuration file

•

How to rebuild the kernel

Modifying the System Configuration File
To modify the system configuration file, add:
•

The BSC protocol as an option and pseudodevice.

•

The DUP-ll (VAX) or DPV-11 (MicroV AX) as a device. Specify the DUP-l1
device as dupn and the DPV-ll device as dpvn, where n is the unit number
of the device (usually 0).

1-4 Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

After you make these edits, you must rebuild the kernel. See the Guide to
Configuration File Maintenance for more information on editing the configuration
file and rebuilding the kernel.

1.5.2

Modifying the System Startup File
Two command lines are added as comments to / etc/ rc .local during the
installation of the ULTRIX operating system. Each command line has the following
form:

letc/bscconfig interface protocol [ identification]
The interface argument is the communications device that BSC uses, which is either
dupO or dpvO. The protocol argument is the communications protocol used to send
and receive data across the communications line. The identification argument is an
optional parameter included here for compatibility with the TCP/IP program
ifconfig. c, also listed in the /etc/rc .local file.
The following comment lines are already placed in the / etc/ rc .local file:
# letc/bscconfig dpvO bsc 1
# letc/bscconfig dupO bsc 1

Activate the command line that describes your configuration by removing the number
sign (#). Then reboot your system or run the /etc/bscconfig command.
Either of these procedures causes the bscconfig program to place the command
line information in the appropriate kernel data structures.

1.6 Overview of Using the Terminal Emulator
The Terminal Emulator sends files to the IBM system for processing. When the files
are processed, the Terminal Emulator receives the output files on the ULTRIX
operating system. To use the Terminal Emulator, you need a working knowledge of
operations performed by 2780 or 3780 remote batch terminals and specifically the
Job Control Language (JCL), which gives the IBM system instructions on how to
execute a file.
A file or set of files sent to an IBM system for execution is called a job. Before
sending a job, you must do the following:
•

Include a series of JCL statements in each file. These control statements
introduce outgoing files to the IBM system, provide accounting information,
direct the IBM operating system about what must be done, request hardware
devices, execute the job, and send files to the ULTRIX operating system.

•

Start the Terminal Emulator. Depending on which terminal you are emulating,
type either 2780 e or 3780 e on the command line. You must supply the name
of the file or files you are sending, and you can specify one or more options that
affect how the file is transmitted. (See Section 2.1.2.)

•

Dial the IBM system.

The following sections provide an overview of the sending and receiving process.

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 1-5

1.6.1

How the Terminal Emulator Prepares Your Files
The 2780 e and 3780 e commands store some of the JCL statements along with
other information in a control file that resides in / u s r / s p 001/ r j e. This control
file contains your user identification number and user name, the names of the files
you are sending, the names of the files that you expect in return, and so on. All
control file names begin with cf, for example, cfAOOOxxx.
Both 2 7 8 0 e and 3 7 8 0 e copy the actual data files you are sending into
/usr / spool/rje and rename them. These file names begin with df and have a
letter and number scheme similar to that of their corresponding control files. There
can be several data files associated with a single control file. For example, you can
have a single control file cfA001xxx associated with the data files dfAOOlxxx
and dfBO 0 1 xxx.
As the 2780 e or 3780 e command reads in your command line and copies and
renames your files, it can generate errors. Messages about these errors appear on
your terminal screen. For more information on error messages, see Section 2.3.

1.6.2

How the Terminal Emulator Transmits Your Files
Once the files are renamed and ready to send, the 2780 e and 3780 e commands call
the 2780 d program to send the data. As long as there are control files in the spool
directory, 278 Od sends data files.
The file that contains the 2 7 8 0 d process identification number,
/usr / spool/ rje/ . r jed, regulates the use of the 278 Od program.
Note that once 278 Od sends all the data files associated with the control file, the
associated control file is renamed with a file name beginning with z f, for example,
zfA001xxx. Thisrenamed control file awaits the arrival of the returning files.
If the 2 7 8 0 d program generates errors during transmission, messages appear in the
error log file /usr/adm/rjelog. Some situations require the system
administrator to act; others are handled by the BSC protocol. For example, if there is
an error in receiving data from the IBM system, the BSC protocol tries to reestablish
the connection and receive the file a second time.

Remember that 2 7 8 0 d sends the files in batch mode. Therefore, do not expect
immediate results or interaction with the IBM system. See 278 Od(8) in the ULTRIX
Reference Pages for further information.

1.6.3

How the Terminal Emulator Receives Files
The 278 Od program receives files from the IBM system and places them in
/usr / spool/rje/rjeternp. out. Then, by default, the 27 BOd program gives
each file a name of the form R j e daytime and places each file in the spool directory.
For example:
Rje05133550

In this example, 05 is the day of the month, 13 is the hour, 35 is the number of
minutes, and 50 is the number of seconds.

1-6 Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

Note that you can assign names to these incoming files. You specify these file names
on the 2780 e or 3780 e command line when sending files to the IBM system for
execution. If 27 8 0 d has problems renaming the files, the files remain in
/usr/spool/rje/rjetemp.out.

Note
The 278 Od program always initiates communication with the IBM
system and will not respond to unsolicited calls from the IBM system.

Overview of the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 1-7

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator

This chapter provides instructions for using and maintaining the IBM 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator. It is divided into the following sections:

2.1

•

Using the Terminal Emulator

•

Maintaining the Terminal Emulator

•

Interpreting error messages

Using the Terminal Emulator
Using the Terminal Emulator entails the following steps:

2.1.1

•

Preparing your files

•

Sending your files

•

Resolving problems

•

Locating incoming files

Preparing Your Files
Prepare your files by including JCL statements. The first JCL statement you include
is called a sign-on card and specifies the remote line that connects to the IBM
system you are using. This sign-on information can be located in one of two places:
•

In a file named signon, created by the system administrator, which resides in
the spool directory on the ULTRIX operating system.

•

In a file you create, such as Remotel, which resides in any directory.

When you send any file, by default the 2 7 8 0 e or 37 8 0 e command incorporates and
uses the information contained in signon. If you want to use sign-on information
residing in a file of your choice, you must specify the pathname of the file on the
2780e or 3780e command line, as described in Section 2.1.2.9.
The following is an example of a sign-on card:
/*SIGNON

RMT9

Place all other JCL statements at the beginning of each file you are sending.
Example 2-1 shows a sample set of JCL statements used by an IBM system to
execute a file and by the Terminal Emulator to receive the file.

Example 2-1: Sample JCl Statements
IIUNIXTEST JOB ,GODDARD,CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=l,
II USER=ULTRIX1,PASSWORD=DODODO
11* usr=(lee,jcl.lee)
IISTEP010 EXEC PGM=IEBPTPCH
IISYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
IISYSUTl DD DSN=SYS1.MACLIB,DISP=SHR
IISYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=BLKSIZE=81
IISYSIN DD *
PRINT TYPORG=PO,MAXFLDS=lO,MAXNAME=lO
MEMBER NAME=GETMAIN
RECORD FIELD=(80)

1*
II

The third line in Example 2-1 is a JCL statement called a comment card. A
comment card supplies user and job name information used by the 2780 d daemon to
place the returning files. In this example, lee is the user name and j cl .lee is the
name of the file 27 8 0 d is sending.

Note
You must include a comment card in each file. If the comment card is
not included, the 2780 d program can misplace your incoming files.
Even if you request mail, 2780 d will have no way to locate the files and
inform you of their arrival.

2.1.2

Sending Your Files
To send files to the IBM system:
1.

Make sure that all cables are connected.

Be sure your modem's transmit ready light is on. If it is not, enter a command
that has the following form:

letc/bscconfig interface protocol [ identification]
For example:
% /etc/bscconfig dpvO bsc 1

See Section 1.5.2 for more information.
3.

Type 2780 e or 3780 e (depending on which IBM terminal you are emulating)
along with the name of the file or files you want to send. For example:
% 2780e fileA

Place a call to the IBM system. If more than one minute elapses before you
complete the call, the 27 8 0 d program stops trying to establish the connection.
To reestablish the connection, type 27 80 d on the command line and redial the
IBM system.

Once the connection is made and you hear a tone, press the data button on your
modem. If you get error messages saying that the line is down or notice that
the modem's receive data light does not go on, then your modem may not be
synchronized with the modem connected to the IBM system. To solve this
problem, do the following:

2-2 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

Make sure your modem works by running tests specified in the DF126
modem documentation.

Unplug and plug in the modem power cable, and try sending your files
again.

If you still cannot send your data, verify that the baud rate matches the
baud rate of the modem on the IBM side of the configuration.

If you still have problems, call your Digital field servic,e representative.

You can choose one or more of the job options listed in Table 2-1 when you send
and receive files.

Table 2-1: Job Options
Action

Option

Turning off space compression (3780)
Requesting mail messages
Requesting top priority
Temporarily suspending file transmission
Sending files transparently (2780)
Sending files transparently (3780)
Sending mUltiple record data packets (2780)
Specifying default names for incoming files
Specifying unique names for incoming files
Specifying a unique sign-on card

-c
-rn

-a
-q
-t

-t, -tb

-b

-#num
-0

file

-s file

The job options listed in Table 2-1 are described in the following subsections.

2.1.2.1

Turning Off Space Compression - When your system is emulating an IBM
3780 terminal, the 2780 d program removes spaces from the files you are sending.
When the output files arrive at the IBM system, the IBM software inserts these
spaces and expands the data to its original form.
In some cases, the IBM system may not be able to expand spaces; check with the
IBM system administrator. If the IBM system is not set up for space compression,
specify the -c option on the command line. For example:
% 3780e -c fileA

This option is not valid if your system is emulating an IBM 2780 terminal.

2.1.2.2

Requesting Mail Messages - By default, you receive mail messages about the
following error conditions:
•

The 2780 d program cannot copy the contents of r j et emp . au t to an output
file name.

•

There is no sign-on card to send.

•

The IBM system is unable to receive the sign-on card.

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-3

If you would like additional mail indicating that the 2780/3780 Tenninal Emulator
has sent and received your files successfully, include the -m option on the command
line. For example:
% 3780e -m fileA

These confinnation messages include the time and file name.

2.1.2.3

Requesting Top Priority - To request that your job have top priority on the
ULTRIX operating system, you must be the superuser and use the -a option. For
example:
% 3780e -a fileA

The 278 Od program processes any priority jobs specified by the superuser before
processing nonpriority jobs, and in the order submitted.
Note that when you use the -a option, the 278 Oe or 378 Oe command renames the
control file with a file name beginning with a f instead of c f.

2.1.2.4

Temporarily Suspending File Transmission - Specifying the -q option allows
the 2 7 8 0 e or 3 7 8 0 e command to place your files in the spool area without calling
2 7 8 0 d to transmit them. This option is useful if the IBM system is down and you
want to prepare your files for transmission and then transmit them at a later time.
For example:
% 3780e -q fileA

The use of this option should be regulated by the system administrator.
If another user sends files and thus calls the 2780 d program any time after you enter
this command line, your use of the - q option is overridden, and your files are
processed along with the other user's files.

2.1.2.5

Sending Files Transparently - If you have any BSC protocol or other special
characters in your files, send the files transparently.
If you are emulating an IBM 2780 tenninal, use the -t option.
If you are emulating an IBM 3780 tenninal for an IBM system that accepts 80column card records in transparent mode, use the -tb option. If the IBM system
does not accept 80-column card records in transparent mode, use the -t option. For
example:
% 3780e -tb fileA

2.1.2.6

Sending Multiple-Record Data Packets - If you are emulating an IBM 2780
tenninal and the IBM system you are connected to accepts multiple-record
transmissions, use the - b option. For example:
% 2780e -b fileA

You can also use this option when sending files in transparent mode:
% 2780e -b -t fileA

2-4 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

2.1.2.7

Specifying Default Names for Incoming Files - When you use the -# option,
the 2780 d program labels the specified number of incoming files associated with the
job with default file names. For example:
% 3780e fileA -#2

The default names have the following form:
Ruserpidseq
The letter R indicates that your file was processed on a remote system, user is your
user name, pid is the process identification number, and seq is a sequential number
that increments for each file received. For example:
Rlee40951

The word lee is the user name, the number 4095 is the process identification
number, and 1 stands for the first file received in this job.
If the comment card information is correct, 278 Od places these received files in your
home directory.
If you specify a number of files smaller than the number actually returned, 278 Od
gives the extra files names of this form:

Rjedaytime
These extra files are left in the spool directory.
In addition, if the comment card information is missing from your outgoing files,
2780d places the returning files in /usr/spool/rje/Rjedaytime.

2.1.2.8

Specifying Unique Names for Incoming Files - To specify unique names for
incoming files, use the -0 option. For example:
% 3780e fileA -0 rje.lee

If the comment card information is correct, 2 7 8 0 d places these files in your home
directory.
If you specify a number of files smaller than the number actually returned, 278 Od
gives the extra files names of this form:

Rjedaytime
These extra files are left in the spool directory.
In addition, if the comment card information is missing from your outgoing files,
278 Od places the returning files in /usr / spool/ rje/Rje daytime.

2.1.2.9

Specifying a Unique Sign-On Card - Instead of using the default sign-on card
that is located in s ignon in the spool directory, you can create a file for the same
type of information. You can create several sign-on cards, one for each remote line
used. To specify a unique sign-on card on the command line, include - S and the
pathname of the file that contains the sign-on information. For example:
% 3780e -s /temp/signonA fileA

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-5

2.1.3

Resolving Problems
If there are problems as the 2780 e or 37 8 0 e command reads in your command line
and copies and renames your files for transmission, the program generates errors.
Messages about these errors appear on your terminal screen. These messages and the
appropriate action to take are detailed in Section 2.3.1.
If your files are prepared successfully, the 278 Od program automatically transmits
them to the IBM system. If any errors are generated during file transmission they are
listed in / u s r / a dm / r j e log. These messages and the action the system
administrator must take are detailed in Section 2.3.2.

2.1.4

Locating Incoming Files
The 2780 d prograrn transmits files to, and receives files from, the IBM system. The
following list summarizes where the 2780 d program places files it receives on the
ULTRIX operating system:
•

If you do not specify any options, the 2780 d program places your files in
/usr/spool/rje with the file name Rjedaytime.

•

If you specify the - # option and your comment card is complete, the 2 7 8 0 d
program places your files in your home directory with the file name
R userpidseq.

•

If you specify the -0 option and your comment card is complete, the 278 Od
program places your files in your home directory with the unique file name.

•

If your comment card is not complete, the 2780 d program places your files in
/usr/spool/rje with the file name Rjedaytime.

•

If the 2780 d program cannot rename the file, the file remains in
/usr / spool/ r je/ rjetemp. out. Once you receive all files from that job,
you need to delete the remaining control file ( z f * ) located in the spool
directory.

2.2 Maintaining the Terminal Emulator
As system administrator, you are responsible for maintaining the Terminal Emulator.
Specifically, you are responsible for the following tasks:

2.2.1

•

Creating the default sign-on card

•

Disabling the emulator

•

Reestablishing the connection to the IBM system

•

Obtaining a record of file transfers

•

Cleaning and monitoring a record of file transfer problems

•

Cleaning the spool directory

Creating the Default Sign-On Card
You are responsible for creating the default sign-on card. This JCL statement
specifies the remote line the 278 Od program uses to communicate with the IBM
system. For example:

2-6 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

/*SIGNON

RMT9

Enter this infonnation in a file named signon and place this file in the
/ u s r / s p 0 01/ r j e directory. This default sign-on infonnation is used by all files
sent to the IBM system, unless the user specifies otherwise on the 2 7 8 0 e or 37 8 0 e
command line.
In addition to the default you can create several sign-on cards with unique file names,
one for each remote line used. If you choose to create several sign-on cards,
however, infonn all users so they can specify the correct file name on the 27 8 0 e or
37 80 e command line.

2.2.2

Disabling the Terminal Emulator
You should disable the Tenninal Emulator under the following circumstances:
•

The IBM system is down.

•

The communications line is down.

•

You want to clean the spool area because it is too full to accept files.

To disable the Tenninal Emulator, log in as superuser and do the following:
1.

Use the ps -aqx command to get a listing of all processes running on the
ULTRIX system. Make sure 2780 d is not running.

Create an empty file in /usr/spool/rje with the file name of lock. For
example:
# touch /usr/spoo1/rje/1ock

Give the lock file group execute privileges with the chmod command.

Only the superuser can prepare and send files when the Tenninal Emulator is
disabled.
To allow users to run 2780e or 3780e, remove the lock file from the spool area
with the rm command.
An alternate method of disabling the Tenninal Emulator is to request that all users
specify the -q option on their command line. In this way, users prepare files during
the day, and you send them when computer resources are not in demand. However,
this method is not as secure as the first, because once a user runs 2 7 8 0 d and the
connection is made, all prepared files are sent to the IBM system.

2.2.3

Reestablishing the Connection to the IBM System
You need to reestablish the connection with the IBM system when a file or set of
files is prepared but not sent for the following reasons:
•

The IBM system has failed during transmission.

•

The spool directory is full and you have disabled the Tenninal Emulator in
order to clear excess files.

•

The 2780 d program has tenninated.

•

The user has not completed the call to the IBM system within the one-minute
time limit.

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-7

Reestablish the connection by typing 2 7 8 0 d on the command line and by redialing
the IBM system. Use the following procedure to redial the IBM system:
1.

Make sure that the modem's transmit ready light is on. If it is not, enter a
command line in the following form:

letc/bscconfig interface protocol [ identification]
For example:
# /etc/bscconfiq dpvO bsc 1

Place the call to the IBM system.

Listen for the tone that indicates that the connection is made.

Press the data button on the modem.

For information on resolving modem problems, see Section 2.1.2.

2.2.4

Obtaining a Record of File Transfers
To obtain a record of file transfers, change to the spool directory and create a file
named acctlog by typing:
% cd /usr/spool/rje

% touch acctloq

When acctlog is created each file transfer appends an entry with the following
form to the acctlog file:

date time filename user records-in-rufile
For example:
04/13 16:56:45 dfAOOOerehwon lee 1

The user is not specified for received files when the comment card information is
incomplete.
Because each entry is appended to the acctlog file, you may need to remove
entries daily.

2.2.5

Cleaning and Monitoring a Record of File Transfer Problems
All error messages sent to the 27 80d program are recorded in /usr / adrn/ rjelog
automatically. You do not have to create this file. Each entry has the following
form:

program: message: reason
For example:
2780d: error in sending: Message too long

The r j e 1 og file supplies the information you need to track errors. Because each
entry is appended to the rjelog file, you may need to remove entries daily.

2.2.6

Cleaning the Spool Directory
You should clean the spool directory as part of your regular maintenance routine.

2-8 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

To clean the spool directory, do the following:
1.

Use the ps -aqx command to get a listing of all processes running on the
ULTRIX system. Make sure 27 8 0 d is not running.

Create an empty file in /usr/spool/rje with the file name of lock. For
example:
# touch /usr/spool/rje/lock

Give the lock file group execute privileges with the chmod command.

Remove excess files from the directory with the rm command.

Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock with the rm command.

2.3 Interpreting Error Messages
The 2 7 8 0 e, 37 8 0 e, and 2 7 8 0 d programs can generate error messages while
preparing and transmitting your files. The 27 80 e or 3780 e messages are displayed
on the terminal screen during file preparation. The 2780 d messages are listed in
/usr / adm/ rjelog during file transmission. These messages are described in the
following sections.

2.3.1

2780e/3780e Error Messages
Once you have started it, the Terminal Emulator generates error messages about a
variety of conditions. The error messages and their meanings are as follows:
Cannot access filename

The 2780 e or 3780 program cannot access the named file. Make sure you have
access permission for the file.
RJE is disabled

The Terminal Emulator is disabled with the lock file and you cannot submit files
during this time. Wait until the system administrator enables the 278 Od program.
Spool directory is full

The /usr/spool/rje directory is full. Remove your excess files and advise the
system administrator of the situation.
Who are you?

Your user name cannot be found. Verify that your name is in the password file. If it
is not, see your system administrator.
fikname is an archive file

You cannot send the file because it is an archive file. Check the contents of the file.
fiknameis a directory

You have tried to send a directory to the IBM system. Resubmit the job to send a
file instead of a directory.

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-9

filename is an empty file

The file contains no data. Check the file name.
filename is an executable program

You cannot send this file because it is an ULTRIX executable program. Check the
contents of the file.
cannot change directory to pathname

The 2780e or 3780e program cannot change to the /usr/spool/rje directory
or your current directory. Check the directory's access permissions and resubmit the
job.
cannot get current directory

The 278 Oe or 378 Oe program cannot access the directory from which you have
issued the command. Check permissions or change to another directory, and
resubmit the job.
cannot open filename

The 2780 e or 3780 e program cannot access the file you are sending. Check that
the file exists and verify that no other programs are trying to access it at the same
time.
cannot rename filename

The 2780 e or 3780 e program cannot rename the temporary file. Resubmit the job.
file unreasonable

The file you are sending does not exist or cannot be found. Verify that the file exists
and is readable, and resubmit the job.
cannot stat filename

The 2 7 8 0 e or 37 8 0 e program cannot obtain the status of the specified file. Be sure
the file exists and check to see that the permissions and contents of the file are
correct.
cannot touch filename

The 2780 e or 37 80 e program cannot create the control file. Clear the spool
directory of any excess files and resubmit the job.
empty input file

The file you are sending is empty. Check the contents of the file you want to send.
error reading .rjed

The 27 80 e or 3780 e program cannot read the . r jed file. To make the file
readable, first be sure 2780 d is not running. Then remove
/usr/spool/rje/. rjed, restart 2780d, and redial the IBM system.
not allowed to prioritize your job

You have requested that your job be sent top priority but you are not superuser.
Resubmit the job without using the -a option.

2-10 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

option optionname ignored

You have used an option that is not valid. No action is required; the 278 Oe or
37 80 e command accepts the command line but ignores that option.
temp file write error

The 2780 e or 37 80 e program cannot write to the temporary file. Resubmit the job.
too many files - break up the job

You are sending too many files. Split the job and resubmit the files.
usage:
usage:

2780e [options] sendfiles [-0 receivefiles]
3780e [options] sendfiles [-0 receivefiles]

You have entered the command incorrectly. Resubmit the job, following the format
displayed by the error message.

2.3.2

2780d File Transmission Error Messages
The following are error messages that can be generated during file transmission.
These messages are listed in the file /usr/adrn/rjelog. The system
administrator is responsible for correcting these conditions.
No signon card available

No default sign-on card is in /usr / spool/ rje. Place a default sign-on card in
/usr/spool/rje with the file name of signon or have the user resubmit the job
using the - S option to specify a unique sign-on card.
There has been a line error, will try to reconnect

There has been an error receiving files. The 27 80 d program will try to reconnect.
No user intervention should be necessary.
filename cannot be opened

The 2780 d program cannot open the file you sent. Check the file protections and
resubmit the job.
cannot open .rjed

Another program may be accessing . r jed. If the 2780 d program is not running,
remove . r jed and start 27 8 0 d. If the 2 7 8 0 d program is running, wait until it
stops. Note that by this time your files may already be sent.
cannot open rjetemp.out

The 2780d program cannot create the rjetemp. out file to hold incoming data.
Check to see if there is enough space in the spool directory. If there is not, remove
excess files and restart 2 7 8 0 d.
can't scan spool directory

The 2780 d program cannot read the / u s r / s po a 1/ r j e directory. Do the
following:
1.

Check directory permissions.

Disable the Terminal Emulator by creating a / us r / spool / r j e / lock file.

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-11

Remove excess files from the directory.

Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.

Restart the 278 Od program.

Redial the IBM system.

connect

The 2780 d program is trying to connect to the IBM system but is failing. This error
can occur when the call to the modem has not been made within the one-minute time
limit. Reestablish the connection by calling the 2780 d program and dialing the IBM
system.
could not create filename; error trying to write to filename

The 2780d program could not rename rjetemp. out to a user's file name. The
2 7 8 0 d program will attempt to rename r jet emp . 0 u t to a default name but this
can also fail. The owner is not informed unless the received file contains a comment
card. Copy the file manually from r j etemp . out to your own directory.
error in sending

A file being sent to the IBM system is not being acknowledged. Restart 278 Od and
redial the IBM system.
error receiving

Data was not received completely by the 2780d program. The 2780d program
attempts to reestablish the line and receive the file again. No intervention is
necessary.
no space in directory to receive

The / us r / spool / r j e directory is full. Do the following:
1.

Disable the Terminal Emulator by creating a /usr / spool/ rje/ lock file.

Remove excess files from the directory.

Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.

Restart 278 Od.

Redial the IBM system.

not enough space in spool to do renames & links

The /usr/spool/rje directory is full. Do the following:
1.

Disable the Terminal Emulator by creating a / u s r / s po 01/ r j e /10 ck file.

Remove excess files from the directory.

Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.

Restart 2780d.

Redial the IBM system.

rje line is down

The 2780 d program has failed in its attempts to reconnect. The line cannot be

2-12 Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

reestablished. Check modem and cable connections. Verify that the IBM system is
running.
socket

The 2 7 8 0 d program cannot get an open socket to initiate the connection to the IBM
system. Restart the 2780 d program and redial the IBM system.

Using and Maintaining the IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2-13

Index

Numbers

2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

data file

defined

compressing, 2-3

disabling, 2-7

defined, 1-6

features, 1-1

locating incoming, 2-6

hardware requirements, 1-2

logging transfer of, 2-8

maintaining, 2-6

naming incoming, 2-5

process overview, 1-5

preparing, 2-1

setting up, 1-4

receiving, 1-6

software requirements, 1-3

sending to IBM system, 1-5, 1-6, 2-2 to 2-5

using, 2-1 to 2-6

sending transparently, 2-4

2780d daemon

data packet

initiating communication, 1-7n

sending, 2-4

2780e/3780e emulator spooler
options, 2-3

E
error messages (2780/3780), 2-9 to 2-13

generated during file transmission, 2-11 to 2-13
resolving, 2-6

acctlog file
defined, 1-4

file

comment card, 2-2
configuration file

See control file
See data file

modifying, 1-4
control file
defined, 1-6
renamed, 1-6

IBM 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

See 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
IBM system
reestablishing connection, 2-7

JCL statement, 1-5, 2-1e

Terminal Emulator

comment card, 2-2
job
defined, 1-5
requesting priority, 2-4
suspending transmission, 2-4

L
lock file
creating, 2-7, 2-9
disabling the Emulator with, 2-9, 2-11

M
mail
requesting messages, 2-3

R
rc.Iocal file
modifying, 1-5
.rjed file
defined, 1-4
rjelog file
defined, 14
monitoring, 2-8

s
sending files to IBM system, 1-5, 1-6, 2-2 to 2-5
sign-on card, 2-1, 2-1e
creating default, 2-6
specifying unique, 2-5
sign on file
custom, 2-1
default, 2-1
defined,2-1
spool directory
cleaning, 2-8

Index-2

See 2780/3780 Tenninal Emulator

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