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Document:	ULTRIX-32 Guide to IBM Terminal Emulation
Order Number:	AA-MFO04A-TE
Revision:	000
Pages:	40
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ULTRIX-32
Guide to
IBM Terminal Emulation

Order No. AA-MF04A-TE

ULTRIX-32 Operating System, Version 3.0

Digital Equipment Corporation

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be
construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation
assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or
copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not
supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC
DECnet
DEC US
MAS SB US
MicroVAX

PDP

Q-bus
RT
ULTRIX
ULTRIX-11
ULTRIX-32
UNIBUS

VAX
VAXstation
VMS
VT
ULTRIX Worksystem Software

mamaama

UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the USA and other countries.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
MICOM is a registered trademark of Micom System, Inc.
This manual was written and produced by the ULTRIX Documentation Group in Nashua, New
Hampshire.

Contents

About This Manual
Audience ................... ....................................................... ....... ... ................. .... .

vii

Organization .. ......................................... ................. ........ ... ................. ....... .....

vii

Conventions ..................................................................... ....... .................. .. .....

vii

1 Overview of the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
1.1 The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator ......................................................

1-1

1.2 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Features ..............................................

1-2

1.3 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Hardware Requirements ....................

1-2

1.4 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Software Requirements .....................

1-4

1.5 Setting Up the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator ...................................

1-5

1.5.1 Modifying the System Configuration File ................................
1.5.2 Modifying the System Startup File .........................................

1-5
1-5

1.6 Overview of Using the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator ......................

1-6

1.6.1 How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Prepares Your
Files .........................................................................................
1.6.2 How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Transmits Your
Files .........................................................................................
1.6.3 How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Receives Files ........

1-7
1-7
1-8

2 Using and Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
2.1 Using The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

2-1

2.1.1 Preparing Your Files ..................................................................
2.1.2 Sending Your Files .....................................................................

2-1
2-2

2.1.2.1 Turning Off Space Compression ............................................
2.1.2.2 Requesting Mail Messages ......................................................
2.1.2.3 Requesting Top Priority ..........................................................
2.1.2.4 Temporarily Suspending File Transmission ..........................
2.1.2.5 Sending Files Transparently ...................................................
2.1.2.6 Sending Multiple-Record Data Packets .................................
2.1.2.7 Specifying Default Names for Incoming Files .....................
2.1.2.8 Specifying Unique Names for Incoming Files ......................
2.1.2.9 Specifying a Unique Sign-On Card ........................................

2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-7

2.1.3 Resolving Problems .....................................................................
2.1.4 Locating Incoming Files .............................................................

2-7
2-7

2.2 Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator ..................................

2-8

2.2.1 Creating the Default Sign-On Card .......................................... 2-8
2.2.2 Disabling the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator ........................... 2-9
2.2.3 Reestablishing the Connection to the IBM System ............... 2-9
2.2.4 Obtaining a Record of File Transfers ...................................... 2-10
2.2.5 Cleaning and Monitoring a Record of File Transfer
Problems .................................................................................. 2-10
2.2.6 Cleaning the Spool Directory Periodically ............................... 2-11
2.3 Interpreting Error Messages .................................................................. 2-11
2.3.1 2780e/3780e Error Messages ..................................................... 2-11
2.3.2 2780d File Transmission Error Messages ............................... 2-13

Figures
1-1:

Hardware Configuration .......................................................................

1-4

Tables
2-1:

Job Options

2-4

About This Ma nua I

The objective of this guide is to provide introductory and setup information
for the 2780/3780 IBM Terminal Emulator. This guide also explains how
to maintain and troubleshoot the 2780/3780 IBM Terminal Emulator.

Audience
This guide is meant for the person responsible for maintaining networks on
an ULTRIX operating system. This person is usually the system manager,
but could be a network manager or the system manager who is also a user
of a MicroVAX processor running the ULTRIX operating system. This
guide assumes that the reader is familiar with the ULTRIX system
commands, the system configuration, the naming conventions and an editor,
such as vi or ed. It also assumes that the reader knows the names and
addresses of the other systems on the network.

Organization
This manual consists of two chapters and an index.
Chapter 1
Overview of the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
Provides an overview of the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator.
It discusses both the hardware and software needs and also
how to use the emulator.
Chapter 2
Using and Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
Describes the tasks you perform to use and maintain the
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator. It also provides information
on how to interpret the error messages for your system and
peripherals.

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
special

In text, each mention of a specific command, option,
partition, pathname, directory, or file is presented in this
type.

command(x)

In text, cross-references to the command documentation
include the section number in the reference manual where
the commands are documented. For example: See the
cat{1) command. This indicates that you can find the
material on the cat command in Section 1 of the reference
pages.

literal

In syntax descriptions, this type indicates terms that are
constant and must be typed just as they are presented.

italics

In syntax descriptions, this type indicates terms that are
variable.

[ ]

In syntax descriptions, square brackets indicate terms that
are optional.

In syntax descriptions, a horizontal ellipsis indicates that
the preceding item can be repeated one or more times.
fun ct i on

In function definitions, the function itself is shown in this
type. The function arguments are shown in italics.

UPPERCASE

The ULTRIX system differentiates between lowercase and
uppercase characters. Enter uppercase characters only
where specifically indicated by an example or a syntax line.

ex amp I e

In examples, computer output text is printed in this type.

ex amp I e

In examples, user input is printed in this bold type.

This is the default user prompt in multiuser mode.

This is the default superuser prompt.

>>>

This is the console subsystem prompt.
In examples, a vertical ellipsis indicates that not all of the
lines of the example are shown.

<KEYNAME > In examples, a word or abbreviation in angle brackets
indicates that you must press the named key on the
terminal keyboard.
<CTRL/x>

In examples, symbols like this indicate that you must hold
down the CTRL key while you type the key that follows
the slash. Use of this combination of keys may appear on
your terminal screen as the letter preceded by the
circumflex character. In some instances, it may not appear

Overview of the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 1

This chapter provides an overview of the IBM* 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator. It discusses the hardware and software requirements of the
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator, as well as describing its features and how to
use it. The chapter is broken down into the following sections:
•
The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
•
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator features
•
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator hardware requirements
•
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator software requirements
•
Setting up the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
•
Overview of using the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
For step-by-step instructions on how to use and maintain the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator, read Chapter 2.

1.1

The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator is a software package that allows your
ULTRIX operating system to emulate a 2780 or 3780 IBM terminal. The
2780/3780 Terminal Emulator uses the Binary Synchronous Communications
( BSC) protocol to send and receive files across a communications line
connected to an IBM system that supports 2780/3780 devices.
Major software components of the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator include:
•
The 2780e and 3780e programs. These programs, which are called
on the command line, prepare your files.
*IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation

•

1.2

The 2780d program. This program, which is called automatically by
the 2780e or 3780e program, sends the prepared files.

2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Features

The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator has the following features:
•
Multiuser Support - Several ULTRIX users can use the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator simultaneously. The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
sends files one at a time in the order requested.
•
Mail Notification - You can request that the 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator send you ULTRIX operating system mail messages when a
file has been sent and received. The file name and time of
transaction are included in the mail message.
•
ASCII/EBCDIC Translation - The supported IBM systems require
EBCDIC characters. The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator automatically
translates the ASCII characters in your files into EBCDIC characters
and EBCDIC characters into ASCII characters.
•
Transparent Data Transfer - When data is sent in this mode, any
characters can be in the message text. Special characters are not
interpreted.
•
Nontransparent Data Transfer - When data is sent in this mode,
special control characters cannot be in the message text.

1.3

2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Hardware Requirements

The following hardware is required on the IBM side of the communications
line to implement the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator:
•
IBM computer ( 3031, 3032, 3033, or 370 set up for a 2780 or 3780
terminal)
•
IBM Transmission Control Unit ( 3705, 2701, 2703, or 3704)
•
Bell series 200 modem (baud rate must match that of the modem on
the ULTRIX system side)
On the VAX processor side of the communications line, there are two
possible hardware configurations, depending on whether you have a VAX or
Micro VAX processor.
The following hardware is required for the VAX congfiguration:
•
A VAX processor
•
A DUP-11 data communications device
•
A DF126 synchronous modem:

•

Half-duplex
1200 or 2400 baud
A telephone line:
Voice or data grade
Dialup
Half-duplex or full-duplex
A telephone

The following hardware is required for the Micro VAX configuration:
•
A MicroVAX processor
•
•

A DPV-11 data communications device
A DF126 synchronous modem:
Half-duplex
1200 or 2400 baud

•

A telephone line:
Voice or data grade
Dialup
Half-duplex or full-duplex
A telephone

The following diagram illustrates a VAX hardware configuration.

UNIBUS

VAX

DUP-11

DF-126
Modem

2701
TCU

IBM
370

ZK-0030U-HC

Figure 1·1: Hardware Configuration
Private telephone lines are not supported in the VAX or Micro VAX
configuration. In addition, the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator does not have
autodial capabilities. However, you can autodial through an asynchronous
terminal. For more information, see the DF126 modem documentation.

1.4

2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Software Requirements

The IBM system can be running one of several operating system
configurations, for example, the OSNS2 operating system with the Job
Entry Subsystem JES2 or JES3. Note that the configuration must be set
up to support an IBM 2780 or 3780 remote batch terminal.
To use the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator, the VAX or MicroVAX processor
must be running the ULTRIX operating system. The following files and
directories are of particular importance:
•
/usr/spool/rje - This is the spool directory. This directory stores files
before they are sent and after they are received, in addition to
storing accounting information.
•
/usr/spool/rje/.rjed - This file contains the process identification
number for the running 2780d program.
•
/usr/spool/rje/acctlog - This file is a log of file transmissions.
•
/usr/adm/rjelog - This is a log of error messages.

1.5

Setting Up the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

The system manager sets up and maintains the 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator. As system manager, you should have a working knowledge of
operations performed by 2780 or 3780 remote batch terminals and
communications tools such as phone lines and modems.
To set up the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator on your running ULTRIX
system, you must modify two files:
•
/usr/sys/conf/SYSTEM-NAME - The system configuration file which
contains global, system image, device, and pseudodevice definitions.
•
/etc/re.local - The system startup file which, among other things,
contains network information.
To make these modifications, you need to know:
•
The VAX hardware configuration, specifically the system and
communications device
•
The format of the configuration file
•
How to rebuild the kernel
1.5.1

Modifying the System Configuration File

To modify the system configuration file, add:
•
The BSC protocol as an option and pseudodevice
•
The DUP-11 (VAX) or DPV-11 (Micro VAX) as a device. Specify the
DUP-11 device as dupO and the DPV-11 device as dpvO, where 0 is
the unit number of the device.
After you make these edits, you must rebuild the kernel. See the Guide
to System Configuration File Maintenance for more information on editing
the configuration file and rebuilding the kernel.
1.5.2

Modifying the System Startup File

Two command lines are added as comments to /etc/re.local during the
installation of the UL TRIX operating system. Each command line has the
form:
/etc/bscconfig interface protocol [identification}

The interface argument is the communications device that BSC uses, which
is either dupO or dpvO. The protocol argument is the communications
protocol used to send and receive data across the communications line.
The identification argument is an optional parameter included here for
compatibility with the TCP/IP program ifconfig.c, also listed in the
/etc/re.local file.

The following comment lines are already placed in the /etc/re.local file:
# /etc/bscconf ig dpvO bsc 1
# /etc/bscconf ig dupO bsc 1

Activate the command line that describes your configuration by first
removing the number sign ( #) . Once the command line is activated,
reboot your system or run the /etc/bscconfig command. Either of these
procedures causes the bscconfig program to place the command line
information in the appropriate kernel data structures.

1.6

Overview of Using the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator sends files to the IBM system for
processing. When the files are processed, the 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator receives the output files on the ULTRIX operating system. To
use the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator, you need a working knowledge of
operations performed by 2780 or 3780 remote batch terminals and,
specifically, the Job Control Language ( JCL), which gives the IBM system
instructions on how to execute a file.
A file or set of files sent to an IBM system for execution is called a job.
Before sending a job, you must do the following:
•

Include a series of JCL statements in each file. These control
statements introduce outgoing files to the IBM system, provide
accounting information, direct the IBM operating system about what
must be done, request hardware devices, execute the job, and send
files to the ULTRIX operating system.

•

Start the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator. Depending on which
terminal you are emulating, type either 2780e or 3780e on the
command line. You must supply the name of the file or files you
are sending, and you have the option of specifying one or more
switches that affect how the file is transmitted (See Section 2.1.2).

•

Dial the IBM system.

The following sections provide an overview of the sending and receiving
process:
•

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator prepares your files

•

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator transmits your files

•

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator receives files

1.6.1

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Prepares Your Files

Both the 2780e and 3780e commands store some of the JCL statements,
as well as other information in a control file that resides in /usr/spool/rje.
This control file contains your user identification number and user name,
the names of the files you are sending, the names of the files that you
expect in return, and so on. All control file names begin with cf, for
example, cfAOOOxxx.
Both 2780e and 3780e copy the actual data files you are sending into
/usr/spool/rje and rename them. These file names begin with df and have
a letter and number scheme similar to that of their corresponding control
file. There can be several data files associated with a single control file ..
For example, you can have a single control file cf A001 xxx associated with
the data files dfA001 xxx and dfB001 xxx.
As the 2780e or 3780e command reads in your command line and copies
and renames your files, it can generate errors. Messages about these
errors appear on your terminal screen. For more information on error
messages, see Section 2.3 of Chapter 2.
1.6.2

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Transmits Your Files

Once the files are renamed and ready to send, the 2780e and 3780e
commands call the 2780d program to send the data. As long as there are
control files in the spool directory, 2780d sends data files.
The file that contains the 2780d process identification number,
/usr/spool/rje/.rjed, regulates the use of the 2780d program.
Note that once 2780d sends all the data files associated with the control
file, the associated control file is renamed with a file name beginning with
zf, for example, zfA001 xxx. This renamed control file awaits the arrival of
the returning files.
If the 2780d program generates errors during transmission, messages
appear in the error log file /usr/adm/rjelog. Some situations require the
system manager to act; others are handled by the BSC protocol. For
example, if there is an error in receiving data from the IBM system, the
BSC protocol tries to reestablish the connection and receive the file a
second time.
Remember that 2780d sends the files in batch mode. Therefore, do not
expect immediate results or interaction with the IBM system. See
2780d( 8) in the ULTRIX Reference Pages for further information.

1.6.3

How the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator Receives Files

The 2780d program receives files from the IBM system and places them in
/usr/spool/rje/rjetemp.out. Then, by default, the 2780d program gives each
file a file name with the form Rjedaytime and places each file in the spool
directory. For example:
Rje05133550

In this example, 05 is the day of the month, 13 is the hour, 35 is the
number of minutes, and 50 is the number of seconds.

Note that you can assign names to these incoming files. You specify these
file names on the 2780e or 3780e command line when sending files to the
IBM system for execution. If 2780d has problems renaming the files, the
files remain in /usr/spool/rje/rjetemp.out.
Note

The 2780d program always initiates communication with the IBM
system and will not respond to unsolicited calls from the IBM
system.

Using and Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator 2

This chapter provides instructions for using and maintaining the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator. It is divided into the following sections:
•
Using the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
•
Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
•

2.1

Interpreting error messages

Using The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

Using the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator entails the following steps:
•
•
•
•
2.1.1

Preparing your files
Sending your files
Resolving problems
Locating incoming files
Preparing Your Files

Prepare your files by including JCL statements. The first JCL statement
you include is called a sign-on card and specifies the remote line that
connects to the IBM system you are using. This sign-on information can
be located in one of two places:
•
•

In a file named signon, created by the system manager, which resides
in the spool directory on the ULTRIX operating system.
In a file you create, such as Remote1, which resides in any
directory.

When you send any file, the 2780e or 3780e command automatically
incorporates and uses the information contained in signon. If you want to
use sign-on information residing in a file of your choice, you must specify
the pathname of the file on the 2780e or 3780e command line, as
described in Section 2.1.2.9.
The following is an example of a sign-on card:

l*SIGNON

RMT9

Place all other JCL statements at the beginning of each file you are
sending. The following is an example of a set of JCL statements used by
an IBM system to execute a file and by the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator
to receive the file:
llUNIXTEST JOB ,GODDARD,CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=l,
II USER=ULTRIXl,PASSWORD=DODODO
II*

usr=(lee,jcl. lee)

llSTEPOlO EXEC PGM=IEBPTPCH
llSYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
llSYSUTl DD DSN=SYSl.MACLIB,DISP=SHR
llSYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=BLKSIZE=81
llSYSIN DD *
PRINT TYPORG=P0,MAXFLDS=10,MAXNAME=10
MEMBER NAME=GETMAIN
RECORD FIELD=(80)
I*
II

The third line is a JCL statement called a comment card. A comment
card supplies user and job name information used by the 2780d daemon to
place the returning files. In this example, lee is the user name and jcl.lee
is the name of the file 2780d is sending. Note that it is important to
include this JCL statement in each file. If the comment card is not
included, the 2780d program can misplace your incoming files.
2.1.2
Sending Your Files
To send files to the IBM system:

1.
2.

Make sure that all cables are connected.
Be sure your modem's transmit ready light is on.
a command that has the form:

If it is not, enter

/etc/bscconfig interface protocol [identification]

For example:
3

letc/bscconf ig dpvO bsc 1

See Section 1.5.2 of Chapter 1 for more information.
Type 2780e or 3780e (depending on which IBM terminal you are
emulating) along with the name of the file or files you want to send.
For example:

3 2780e f i leA

Place a call to the IBM system. If more than one minute elapses
before you complete the call, the 2780d program stops trying to
establish the connection. To reestablish the connection, type 2780d
on the command line and redial the IBM system.
5.
Once the connection is made and you hear a tone, press the data
button on your modem. If you get error messages saying that the
line is down or notice that the modem's receive data light does not
go on, then your modem may not be synchronized with the modem
connected to the IBM system. To solve this problem, do the
following:
a.
Make sure your modem works by running tests specified in the
DF126 modem documentation.
b.
Unplug and plug in the modem power cable, and try sending
your files again.
c.
If you still cannot send your data, verify that the baud rate
matches the baud rate of the modem on the IBM side of the
configuration.
d.
If you still have problems, call your DIGITAL service
representative.
You can choose one or more of the options listed in Table 2-1 when you
send and receive files:
4.

Table 2-1: Job Options
Action

Option

Turning off space compression ( 3780)
Requesting mail messages
Requesting top priority
Temporarily suspending file transmission
Sending files transparently ( 2780)
Sending files transparently ( 3780)
Sending multiple record data packets
( 2780)
Specifying default names for incoming
files
Specifying unique names for incoming
files
Specifying a unique sign-on card

-C
-m
-a
-q
-t
-t, -th

-b
-# num
-o fil,e

- s fil.e

The job options listed in Table 2-1 are described in the following
subsections.
2.1.2.1 Turning Off Space Compression - When your system is
emulating a 3780 IBM terminal, the 2780d program removes spaces from
the files you are sending. When the output files arrive at the IBM
system, the IBM software inserts these spaces and expands the data to its
original form.
In some cases, the IBM system may not be able to expand spaces. Check
with the IBM system administrator. If the IBM system is not set up for
space compression, be sure to specify the - C option on the command line.
For example:
3 3780e -C f i leA

Note that this option is not valid if your system is emulating a 2780 IBM
terminal.
2.1.2.2 Requesting Mail Messages - By default, you receive mail
messages about the following error conditions:

•

The 2780d program cannot copy the contents of rjetemp.out to an
output file name.

•
There is no sign-on card to send.
•
The IBM system is unable to receive the sign-on card.
If you would like additional mail indicating that the 2780/3780 Terminal
Emulator has sent and received your files successfully, type - m on the
command line. For example:
3 3780e -m f i leA

These messages include the time and file name.
2.1.2.3 Requesting Top Priority - To request that your job have top
priority on the ULTRIX operating system, you must be a superuser.
When logged in as a superuser, use the -a option. For example:
3 3780e -a f i leA

The 2780d program processes any priority jobs you specify, as well as
priority jobs specified by others, before nonpriority jobs, and in the order
submitted.
Note that when you use the -a option, the 2780e or 3780e command
renames the control file with a file name beginning with af instead of cf.
2.1.2.4 Temporarily Suspending File Transmission - Specifying the -q
option allows the 2780e or 3780e command to place your files in the spool
area without calling 2780d to transmit them. This option is useful if the
IBM system is down and you want to prepare your files for transmission
and then transmit them at a later time. For example:
3 3780e -q f i leA

The use of this option should be regulated by the system manager.
Note that if another user sends files and thus calls the 2780d program
during or any time after you enter this command line, the option is
ineffective and 2780d will send your files.
2.1.2.5 Sending Files Transparently - If you have any BSC protocol or
other special characters in your files, send the files transparently.
If you are emulating a 2780 IBM Terminal, use the -t option.
If you are emulating a 3780 IBM Terminal, use:
- t when the IBM system does not accept 80-column card records in
transparent mode
- t b when the IBM system accepts 80-column card records in transparent
mode

For example:
3 3780e -tb f i leA

2.1.2.6 Sending Multiple-Record Data Packets - If you are emulating a
2780 IBM terminal and the IBM system you are connected to accepts
multiple-record transmissions, use the - b option.
For example:
3 2780e -b f i leA

Note that this option can also be used when sending files in transparent
mode:
3 2780e -b -t f i leA

2.1.2.7 Specifying Default Names for Incoming Files - When you use
the - # option, the 2780d program labels the specified number of incoming
files associated with the job with default file names. For example:
3 3780e f i leA -#2

The default names have the form:
Ruserpidseq

The letter A indicates that your file was processed on a remote system,
the user variable is your user name, pid is the process identification
number, and seq is a sequential number that increments for each file
received. For example:
Rlee40951

The word lee is the user name, the number 4095 is the process
identification number, and 1 stands for the first file received in this job.
If the comment card information is correct, 2780d places these received
files in your home directory.
Be sure, however, that you anticipate the number of files correctly, because
if you specify two files and three files return, 2780d gives the third a file
name with the form Rjedaytime and leaves the file in the spool directory.
In addition, if the comment card information is missing from your outgoing
files, 2780d places the returning files in /usr/spool/rje/Rjedaytime and even
if you request mail, 2780d will have no way of locating and informing you
of each file's arrival.

2.1.2.8 Specifying Unique Na mes for Incoming Files - To specify
unique names for incoming files, use the -o option. For example:
3 3780e f i leA -o rje. lee

If the comment card information is correct, 2780d places these files in
your home directory.

Be sure, however, that you anticipate the number of files correctly. If you
specify two files and three files return, 2780d gives the third file a file
name with the form Rjedaytime and places it in the spool directory.
In addition, if the comment card information is missing from your outgoing
files, 2780d places the returning files in /usrlspoollrje/Rjedaytime. Even if
you request mail, 2780d will have no way of locating and informing you of
each file's arrival.
2.1.2.9 Specifying a Unique Sign-On Card - Instead of using the default
sign-on card that is located in signon in the spool directory, you can create
a file for the same type of information. You can create several sign-on
cards, one for each remote line used. To specify a unique sign-on card on
the command line, include - S and the path name of the file that contains
the sign-on information. For example:
3 3780e -S /temp/signonA f i leA

2.1.3

Resolving Prob le ms

If there are problems as the 2780e or 3780e command reads in your
command line and copies and renames your files for transmission, the
program generates errors. Messages about these errors appear on your
terminal screen. These messages and the appropriate action to take are
detailed in Section 2.3.1.
If your files are prepared successfully, the 2780d program automatically
transmits them to the IBM system. If any errors are generated during
file transmission they are listed in /usr/adm/rjelog. These messages and
the action the system manager must take are detailed in Section 2.3.2.

2.1.4

Locating Incoming Files

The 2780d program transmits files to, and receives files from, the IBM
system. The following list summarizes where the 2780d program places
files it receives on the UL TRIX operating system:
•
If you do not specify any options, the 2780d program places your
files in /usr/spool/rje with the file name Rjedaytime.

•

If you specify the - # option and your comment card is complete, the
2780d program places your files in your home directory with the file
name Ruserpidseq.

•

If you specify the - o option and your comment card is complete, the
2780d program places your files in your home directory with the
unique file name.

•

If your comment card is not complete, the 2780d program places
your files in /usr/spool/rje with the file name Rjedaytime.

•

If the 2780d program cannot rename the file, the file remains in
/usr/spool/rje/rjetemp.out. Once you receive all files from that job,
you need to delete the remaining control file ( zf*) located in the
spool directory.

2.2

Maintaining the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

As system manager, you are responsible for maintaining the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator. Specifically, you are responsible for the following
tasks:
•
Creating the default sign-on card
•
•
•

Disabling the emulator
Reestablishing the connection to the IBM system
Obtaining a record of file transfers

•
•

Cleaning and monitoring a record of file transfer problems
Cleaning the spool directory periodically

2.2.1

Creating the Default Sign-On Card

As system manager, it is your responsibility to create the default sign-on
card. This JCL statement specifies the remote line the 2780d program
uses to communicate with the IBM system. For example:
/*SIGNON

RMT9

Enter this information in a file named signon and place this file in the
/usr/spool/rje directory. This default sign-on information is used by all files
sent to the IBM system, unless the user specifies otherwise on the 2780e
or 3780e command line.
In addition to the default you can create several sign-on cards with unique
file names, one for each remote line used. If you choose to create several
sign-on cards, however, be sure to inform all users so they can specify the
correct file name on the 2780e or 3780e command line.

2.2.2

Disabling the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator

You should disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator under the following
circumstances:
•
The IBM system is down.
•
The communications line is down.
•
You want to clean the spool area because it is too full to accept
files.
To disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator do the following:
1.
Use the ps - aqx command to get a listing of all processes running
on the ULTRIX system. Make sure 2780d is not running.
2.
Create an empty file in /usr/spool/rje with the file name of lock. For
example,
3 touch lock

3.
Give the lock file group execute privileges with the chmod command.
Only the superuser can prepare and send files when the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator is disabled.
To allow users to run 2780e or 3780e, remove the lock file from the spool
area with the rm command.
An alternate method of disabling the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator is to
request that all users specify the - q option on their command line. In
this way, users prepare files during the day, and you send them when
computer resources are not in demand. However, this method is not as
secure as the first, because once a user runs 2780d and the connection is
made, all prepared files are sent to the IBM system.
2.2.3

Reestablishing the Connection to the IBM System

You need to reestablish the connection with the IBM system when a file
or set of files is prepared but not sent for the following reasons:
•
The IBM system has gone down during transmission.
•
The spool directory is full and you have disabled the 2780/3780
Terminal Emulator in order to clear excess files.
•
The 2780d program has terminated.
•
The user has not completed the call to the IBM system within the
one-minute time limit.
Reestablish the connection by typing 2780d on the command line and by
redialing the IBM system. Use the following procedure to redial the IBM
system:

Make sure that the modem's transmit ready light is on.
enter a command line which has the form:

If it is not,

/etc/bscconfig interface protocol [identification]

For example,
3 /etc/bscconf ig dpvO bsc 1

2.
3.
4.

Place the call to the IBM system.
Listen for the tone that indicates that the connection is made.
Press the data button on the modem.

For information on resolving modem problems, see Section 2.1.2.
2.2.4
Obtaining a Record of File Transfers
To obtain a record of file transfers, change to the spool directory and
create a file named acctlog by typing:
3 cd /usr/spool/rje
3 touch acctlog

When acctlog is created each file transfer appends an entry with the
following form to the acctlog file:
date time fil,ename user recordsinfil,e

For example:
04/13

16:56:45

dfAOOOerehwon

lee 1

Note that the user is not specified for received files when the comment
card information is incomplete.
Because each entry is appended to the acctlog file, you may need to
remove entries daily.
2.2.5

Cleaning and Monitoring a Record of File Transfer Problems

All error messages sent to the 2780d program are recorded in
/usr/adm/rjelog automatically. You do not have to create this file.
entry has the form:
program: message: reason

For example:
2780d: error in sending: Message too long

Each

The rjelog file supplies the information you need to track errors. Because
each entry is appended to the rjelog file, you may need to remove entries
daily.
2.2.6

Cleaning the Spool Directory Periodically

You should clean the spool directory as part of your regular maintenance
routine.
To clean the spool directory do the following:
1.

3.
4.

Make sure that the 2780d program is not running by getting a list
of running processes with the ps- aqx command.
Disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator by creating a file named
lock and giving it group execute privileges with the chmod command.
Remove excess files from the directory with the rm command.
Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock with the rm command.

2.3

Interpreting Error Messages

The 2780e, 3780e, and 2780d programs generate error messages while
preparing and transmitting your files. The 2780e or 3780e messages are
displayed o.n the terminal screen during file preparation. The 2780d
messages are listed in /usr/adm/rjelog during file transmission. These
messages are described in the following subsections.
2.3.1

2780e/3780e Error Messages

Once you have started it, the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator generates error
messages about a variety of conditions. The error messages and their
meaning are as follows:
Cannot access fik name
The 2780e or 3780 program cannot access the file named fikname.
Make sure you have access permission for the file.
RJE is disabled
The 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator is disabled with the lock file and
you cannot submit files during this time. Wait until the system
manager enables the 2780d program.
Spool directory is full
The /usr/spool/rje directory is full. Remove your excess files and
advise the system manager of the situation.

Who are you?
Your user name cannot be found. Verify that your name is in the
password file. If it is not, see your system manager.
fil,e name is an archive file
You cannot send the file because it is an archive file.
contents of the file.
fil,e name is a directory
You have tried to send a directory to the IBM system.
job to send a file instead of a directory.
fil,e name is an empty file
The file contains no data.

Check the

Resubmit the

Check the file name.

fil,e name is an executable program
You cannot send this file because it is an ULTRIX executable
program. Check the contents of the file.

cannot change directory to pathname
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot change to the /usr/spool/rje
directory or your current directory. Check the directory's access
permissions and resubmit the job.
cannot get current directory
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot access the directory from which
you have issued the command. Resubmit the job.
cannot open fil,e name
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot access the file you are sending.
Check that the file exists and verify that no other programs are
trying to access it at the same time.
cannot rename fil,ename
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot rename the temporary file.
Resubmit the job.
file unreasonable
The file you are sending does not exist or cannot be found.
that the file exists and is readable and resubmit the job.

Verify

cannot stat fil,e name
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot obtain the status of the specified

and contents of the file are correct.
cannot touch fUe name
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot create the control file. Clear the
spool directory of any excess files and resubmit the job.
empty input file
The file you are sending is empty. Check the contents of the file
you want to send.
error reading .rjed
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot read the .rjed file. To make the
file readable, first be sure 2780d is not running. Then remove
/usr/spool/rje/.rjed, restart 2780d, and redial the IBM system.
not allowed to prioritize your job
You have requested that your job be sent top priority but you are not
superuser. Resubmit the job without using the -a option.
option optio nname ignored
You have used an option which is not valid. No action is required.
2780e or 3780e accepts the command line without that option.
temp ftle 'Write error
The 2780e or 3780e program cannot write to the temporary file.
Resubmit the job.
too many files - break up the job
You are sending too many files.

Split the job and resubmit the files.

usage: 3780e [options] sendfiles [- o receivefiles]
usage: 2780e [options] sendfiles [- o receiveftles]
You have entered the command incorrectly. Resubmit the job,
following the format displayed by the error message.
2.3.2

2780d File Transmission Error Messages

The following is a list of error messages that can be generated during file
transmission. These messages are listed in the file /usr/adm/rjelog. The
system manager is responsible for correcting these conditions .
.LP No signon card available
No default sign-on card is in /usr/spool/rje. Place a default sign-on
card in /usr/spool/rje with the file name of signon or have the user
resubmit the job using the - S option to specify a unique sign-on card.
There has been a line error. will t-rv t.n l"At>.nnn~

This information message appears when there has been an error
receiving files. The 2780d program will try to reconnect. No user
intervention should be necessary.

fikname cannot be opened
The 2780d program cannot open the file you sent.
protections and resubmit the job.

Check the file

cannot open .rjed
Another program may be accessing .rjed. If the 2780d program is
not running, remove .rjed and start 2780d. If the 2780d program is
running, wait until it stops. Note: By this time your files may
already be sent.
cannot open rjetemp.out
The 2780d program cannot create the rjetemp.out file to hold incoming
data. Check to see if there is enough space in the spool directory.
If there is not, remove excess files and restart 2780d.
can't scan spool directory
The 2780d program cannot read the /usr/spool/rje directory.
following:
1.
Check directory permissions.
2.

Disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator with the
/usr/spool/rje/lock file.

Remove excess files from the directory.

Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.

Restart the 2780d program.

Redial the IBM system.

Do the

connect
The 2780d program is trying to connect to the IBM system but is
failing. This error can occur when the call to the modem has not
been made within the one-minute time limit. Reestablish the
connection by calling the 2780d program and dialing the IBM system.
could not create fik name ; error trying to write to fik name
The 2780d program could not rename rjetemp.out to a user's file
name. The 2780d program will attempt to rename rjetemp.out to a
default name but this can also fail. The owner is not informed unless
the received file contains a comment card. Copy the file manually

error in sending
A file being sent to the IBM system is not being acknowledged.
Restart 2780d and redial the IBM system.
error receiving
Data was not received completely by the 2780d program. The 2780d
program attempts to reestablish the line and receive the file again.
No user intervention is necessary.
no space in directory to receive
The /usr/spool/rje directory is full. Do the following:
1.
Disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator with the
/usr/spool/rje/lock file.
2.
Remove excess files from the directory.
3.
Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.

4.
5.

Restart 2780d.
Redial the IBM system.

not enough space in sp:>0l to do renames & links
The /usr/spool/rje directory is full. Do the following:
1.

Disable the 2780/3780 Terminal Emulator with the
/usr/spool/rje/lock file.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Remove excess files from the directory.
Remove /usr/spool/rje/lock.
Restart 2780d.
Redial the IBM system.

rje line is down
The 2780d program has failed in its attempts to reconnect. The line
cannot be reestablished. Check modem and cable connections. Verify
that the IBM system is up.
socket
The 2780d program cannot get an open socket to initiate the
connection to the IBM system. Restart the 2780d program and redial
the IBM system.

Index

Numbers

2780 Terminal Emulator
defined, 1-1
disabling, 2-9
features, 1-2
hardware requirements, 1-2 to 1-3
maintaining, 2-8 to 2-11
overview, 1-1 to 1-8
process overview, 1-6 to 1-8
setting up, 1-5
software requirements, 1-4
using, 2-1 to 2-8
2780d daemon
initiating communication, 1-8n
2780e emulator spooler
options, 2-3
3780 Terminal Emulator
defined, 1-1
disabling, 2-9
features, 1-2
hardware requirements, 1-2 to 1-3
overview, 1-1 to 1-8
process overview, 1-6 to 1-8
setting up, 1-5
software requirements, 1-4
using, 2-1 to 2-8
3780e emulator spooler
options, 2-3

acctlog file
defined, 1-4

c
comment card
defined, 2-2
configuration file ( system)
modifying, 1-5
control file
defined, 1-6
renamed, 1-6

D
data file
compressing, 2-4
defined, 1-6
locating incoming, 2-7
logging transfer, 2-10
naming incoming, 2-6, 2-7
preparing, 2-1
receiving, 1-8
sending to IBM system, 1-6, 2-2 to
2-7
sending transparently, 2-5
data packet
sending, 2-6

E
error message ( 2780/3780)
generated during file transmission,
2-13 to 2-15
reference list, 2-11 to 2-15
resolving, 2-7

F
file
sending, 1-7

IBM system
reestablishing connection, 2-9

J
JCL statement, 2-2e
job
defined, 1-6
requesting priority, 2-5
suspending transmission, 2-5

M
mail
requesting messages, 2-4

R
re.local file
defined, 1-5
modifying, 1-6
rje file
defined, 1-4

.rjed file
defined, 1-4
rjelog file
defined, 1-4
monitoring, 2-10

s
sign-on card
creating default, 2-8
defined, 2-1
specifying unique, 2-7, 2-2e
signon file
defined, 2-1
spool directory
cleaning, 2-11

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