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EK-TZ877-OM-A01

November 1993

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Document:	TZ877 Series Magazine Tape Subsystem Owner's Manual
Order Number:	EK-TZ877-OM
Revision:	A01
Pages:	84
Original Filename:

OCR Text

TZ877 Series
Magazine Tape Subsystem
Owner’s Manual
Order Number: EK–TZ877–OM. A01

First Edition, November 1993
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1993.
All Rights Reserved.
FCC NOTICE: The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and may emit radio
frequency energy. The equipment has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for
a Class A computing device pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such radio frequency interference when operated in a commercial
environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause interference, in which
case the user at his own expense may be required to take measures to correct the interference.
Achtung! Dieses ist ein Gerät der Funkstörgrenzwertklasse A. In Wohnbereichen können
bei Betrieb dieses Gerätes Rundfunkstörungen auftreten, in welchen Fällen der Benutzer für
entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen verantwortlich ist.
Attention! Ceci est un produit de Classe A. Dans un environment domestique, ce produit risque
de créer des interférences radioélectriques, il appartiendra alors à l’utilisateur de prendre les
mesures spécifiques appropriées.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: BASIC, CompacTape,
DECdirect, DECmailer, DECservice, InfoServer, KFQSA, MicroVAX, MicroVAX II, SERVICenter,
TF, TK, TZ, ULTRIX, VAX, VAX 4000, VAX 6000, VAXserver, VAXsimPLUS, VMS, and the
DIGITAL logo.

This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version 2.1.

Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Overview
1.1
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1
Operating System Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3
Node ID Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4
Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5
Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.1
Loader Transfer Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.2
Magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.3
TZ87 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.4
SCSI Controller Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.5
Rear Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6
CompacTape III Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.1
Reading and Writing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.2
Cartridge Compatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.3
Selecting Density with the TZ877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.3.1
Using the ULTRIX Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.4
Cartridge Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8
Supplies and Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–1
1–3
1–5
1–6
1–6
1–8
1–8
1–10
1–10
1–10
1–10
1–11
1–12
1–12
1–12
1–13
1–13
1–14
1–16

2 Operation
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power-On Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mode Select Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–1
2–1
2–3
2–3
2–6
2–6

iii

2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.7.4

Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select Button
Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting a Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loading the Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unloading the Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting a Cartridge into the Front of the Magazine . . . . . .
Removing a Cartridge from the Magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing the Magazine from the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing the Magazine into the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configure the TZ877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switchpack Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To Disable Parity Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2–10
2–10
2–10
2–10
2–12
2–13
2–13
2–13
2–16
2–16
2–16
2–19
2–19
2–19
2–21
2–21

3 Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.1
In This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Conditions Necessary for Button Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Backup Operation Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
Avoiding Basic Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.1
Magazine Fault Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.1.1
Clearing a Magazine Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.2
Loader Fault Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.2.1
Clearing a Loader Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6
Power Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3–1
3–1
3–3
3–3
3–4
3–5
3–5
3–6
3–6
3–6

4 Head Cleaning
4.1
4.2
4.3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the CleaningTape III Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting the CleaningTape III Cartridge into the Magazine . . . .

4–1
4–1
4–5

A VMS Operating System Commands
A.1
A.2
A.2.1
A.2.2
A.2.3
A.2.4
A.2.5
A.2.6
A.2.7

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Device Specific Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BACKUP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COPY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISMOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INITIALIZE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A–1
A–1
A–2
A–2
A–2
A–3
A–4
A–4
A–5

B Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating
System
B.1
B.2
B.2.1
B.2.2
B.2.3
B.2.4
B.2.5
B.3
B.3.1
B.3.2
B.4
B.4.1
B.5
B.6
B.6.1
B.6.2
B.6.3
B.6.4
B.6.5
B.6.6
B.6.7

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding the TZ877 to the ULTRIX System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting the TZ877 to ULTRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Checking the ULTRIX System Configuration File . . . . . . . . .
Creating an Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building the Kernel, Rebooting the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Logical Device Names for the TZ877 Subsystem . . .
Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Maximum Storage Capacity and
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximizing Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Doing Unattended Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Developing Unattended Backup Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using ULTRIX Tape Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the tar Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the dump Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the restore Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the dd Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the ltf Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the mt Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the cpio Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–1
B–1
B–1
B–2
B–2
B–3
B–3
B–4
B–5
B–6
B–6
B–7
B–9
B–11
B–11
B–12
B–12
B–13
B–14
B–15
B–15

C Service Offerings
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6

On-Site Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BASIC Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECservice Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carry-In Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECmailer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Per Call Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C–1
C–1
C–1
C–1
C–2
C–2

Front View of the TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem . . . . . . .
SZ107 Pedestal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 Subsystem Mode Select Key Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem Block Diagram . . . . . . . . .
CompacTape III Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Write-Protect Switch on a Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inserting a Cartridge into the Magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing a Cartridge from the Front of the Magazine . . . . .
Receiver Opened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISABLE PARITY and SCSI ID Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening the Cartridge Door to Check the Tape Leader . . . . .
CleaningTape III Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–2
1–4
1–7
1–9
1–11
2–5
2–14
2–15
2–17
2–18
2–20
3–4
4–2
4–4

TZ877 VMS Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Read/Write Cartridge Compatibility with the TZ87 Drive . . .
TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem Specifications . . . . . . . . . .
TZ87 Tape Drive Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loader Power-on Self-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results of Density Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TZ877 OCP Button Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–5
1–12
1–14
1–15
1–16
1–16
2–1
2–6
2–12
3–2

Figures
1–1
1–2
1–3
1–4
1–5
2–1
2–2
2–3
2–4
2–5
2–6
3–1
4–1
4–2

Tables
1–1
1–2
1–3
1–4
1–5
1–6
2–1
2–2
2–3
3–1

B–1
B–2
B–3
B–4
B–5
B–6
B–7
B–8
B–9

Determining the Tape Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common tar Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common dump Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common restore Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common dd Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common ltf Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common mt Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common cpio Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–2
B–4
B–11
B–12
B–13
B–13
B–14
B–15
B–16

vii

Preface
Purpose
This manual introduces the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem and describes
operating procedures.

Manual Structure
Chapter 1, Overview, provides a basic product description and specifications for
the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem.
Chapter 2, Operation, describes the power-on process, the keys and indicators
on the operator control panel (OCP), the operating modes of the Mode Select
key, and the magazine and cartridge removal and replacement processes.
Chapter 3, Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions, describes the necessary
conditions to use OCP buttons, backup operation failures, error indications,
and power problems.
Chapter 4, Head Cleaning, describes how to clean the tape drive read/write
heads via the magazine.
Appendix A, VMS Operating System Commands, describes VMS commands
used with tape devices.
Appendix B, Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating
System, describes how to add the TZ877 subsystem to your ULTRIX operating
system, how to get maximum capacity and performance from the TZ877
subsystem, using the TZ877 for unattended backups, and using various
ULTRIX commands to save information on the TZ877 subsystem.
Appendix C, Service Offerings, describes maintenance plans offered by Digital
Services.

Intended Audience
This manual is intended for the TZ877 subsystem owner. It is for system
managers, computer operators, or anyone who uses magazine tape subsystems.
Prior knowledge of and experience with VMS, ULTRIX, or OSF1 operating
systems and commands and tape devices is assumed.

Conventions
The term TZ877 refers to the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem.
The term OCP pushbuttons refers to the Eject, Load/Unload, Slot Select,
and Density Select buttons on the operator control panel (OCP) of the TZ877
subsystem.

1
Overview
This chapter describes the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem and its functions.

1.1 General Description
The TZ877 magazine tape subsystem (Figure 1–1) is an electromechanical
device that performs automatic, sequential tape operations. The TZ877
subsystem when operating in noncompressed mode has a maximum transfer
rate of 1.25 Mbytes/s. When operating in compressed mode the maximum
transfer rate is 2.5 Mbytes/s write and 3 Mbytes/s read.
The TZ877 subsystem can store:
•

More than 10.0 GB data native cartridge capacity, 70.0 GB total

•

More than 20.0 GB data at a 2:1 compression ratio, 140.0 GB total

The TZ877 loads and unloads tape cartridges into and from a tape drive to:
•

Provide a degree of unattended backup

•

Perform single cartridge operations

In addition, the TZ877 executes operating system commands, qualifiers, and
parameters to store data from user disk areas to the tape drive.
The TZ877 subsystem includes:
•

TZ87 tape drive with Electronic Control Module (ECM)

•

Seven cartridge, SCSI-2 Medium Changer device (loader)

Figure 1–1 shows the TZ877 front panel.

Overview 1–1

Overview
1.1 General Description
Figure 1–1 Front View of the TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem
OPERATOR CONTROL PANEL

Eject

Load/Unload

MOD E S E LE C T K E Y

BUTTON
AND
INDICATOR
AREA

Slot Select
OCP
DISABLED

0
AUTOMATIC
MODE

Power On

OCP LABEL
CURRENT
SLOT
INDICATORS
0-6

Write
Protected
Tape In Use

MANUAL
MODE

Use
Cleaning Tape

SERVICE
MODE

Magazine
Fault
Loader Fault

Density Select
Eject

Bus ID

Load/Unload

Slot Select

0
Power On
Write
Protected

Tape In Use
Use
Cleaning Tape

Magazine
Fault

Density
Override

Loader Fault

TK50/70

Density Select

TK85

4
Density
Override

TK86

TK50/70

TK85

TZ87

TK86

TZ87

Compress

ZKO-1217-07-DG

1–2 Overview

Overview
1.2 Configuration

1.2 Configuration
The TZ877 subsystem can be configured on VAX and RISC systems and it is
available for systems with a SCSI bus. The bus is an electrical connection
that allows the system’s central processing unit (CPU) and main memory to
communicate with a device such as the TZ877.
NOTE
Depending on the model of your TZ877 subsystem, SCSI connections
may be supported at a maximum of 25 meters (82 ft).

The TZ877 can be installed in a variety of storage cabinets and is also available
in pedestals. For example:
The TZ877 installs in the:
•

SZ107 pedestal (Figure 1-2), which contains one factory-installed TZ877 in
the upper compartment.

•

SW500 or SW800 storage systems

Overview 1–3

Overview
1.2 Configuration
Figure 1–2 SZ107 Pedestal

0
Sl

r O
n
W
r
Pr ite
ot
ec
te
d
Ta
pe
In
Us
Us
e
Cl e
ea
n
Ma ing
Fa gaz Tap
e
ul in
t
e
Lo
ad
er
Fa
ul
t

3
De

ity

Re
TK
TK

TK
TZ
Co

ad
50

y
/7

85
86
87

ZKO-1217-25-DG

1–4 Overview

Overview
1.2 Configuration

1.2.1 Operating System Support
The TZ877 is supported by various VMS versions with certain restrictions
(Table 1–1).
Table 1–1 TZ877 VMS Restrictions
VMS
Version

Restrictions1

<5.3

5.3

1,2,3

5.4

1,2,3

5.4-1

1,2,3

5.4-2

1,2,3,4

5.4-3

1,2,3,4

5.5

1,2,

5.5-1

1,2,3

5.5-2

1,2,

1 KEY

X = Not supported
1 = VMS SHOW DEVICE command indicates "generic SCSI tape" and ERROR LOGGING
indicates "GENERIC MK SUBSYSTEM." This has little impact on most applications.
2 = Standalone BACKUP not supported. You cannot create a standalone BACKUP tape.
3 = Writing CompacTape III TK85 and TK86 media format is supported by the loader front
panel, but is not supported from the command line interface because Open VMS support of
density selection is not available as of this printing.
4 = Sequential autoloading of tapes not supported when doing a multi-volume backup (Timeout
too short for cycling period).

NOTE
VAXsimPLUS does not support SCSI devices.

Overview 1–5

Overview
1.2 Configuration
Performance Consideration
The VMS backup performance rate of your TZ877 subsystem can
depend on your system processor. For example:
•

Connecting directly to an embedded bus adapter on such systems as
the VAXstation 4000-60, -90, MicroVAX 3100-30, -40, -80, DEC3000400, -500 and DEC4000-6x0 provides optimum performance.

•

Connecting to a MicroVAX/VAXserver 3xxx (Q–bus) system with a
KZQSA adapter can reduce the rate of performance but does not
limit the drive’s data storage capacity.

•

Other factors that can affect the TZ877 subystem’s performance
include: operating system configuration, backup user account
configuration tuning, the backup utility used, the options selected
on the backup utility, file system throughput, file fragmentation,
block size, compression (on/off), dta type (if compression is on), the
amount of CPU memory available, and I/O channel bandwidth.
See Appendices A and C for more information on some of these
considerations.

1.3 Node ID Label
The operator control panel (OCP) on the TZ877 subsystem has a space for
a node ID label you can add. The label identifies the device bus ID number.
(This label is in the label kit.) The node ID is preset during manufacturing to
zero (0). The Digital Services engineer verifies this setting during installation
at the site.

1.4 Operating Modes
The TZ877 subsystem operates—via the Mode Select key (Figure 1-3) in the
following modes:
•

OCP Disabled mode — Locks the subsystem into the enclosure and
locks the receiver. The pushbuttons on the OCP — Eject, Load/Unload,
Slot Select — are disabled. This mode automatically loads the next tape
cartridge into the drive after you issue the DISMOUNT command.

•

Automatic mode — Is the subsystem’s default or normal mode. It locks
the subsystem into the enclosure but leaves the receiver unlocked. This
mode automatically loads the next tape cartridge into the drive after you
issue the DISMOUNT command. The OCP pushbuttons remain enabled.

1–6 Overview

Overview
1.4 Operating Modes
•

Manual mode — Locks the subsystem into the enclosure but leaves
the receiver unlocked. This mode allows for single cartridge operations
only. The OCP pushbuttons remain enabled. Loading and unloading of
cartridges is not automatic; operator intervention is required to select the
next cartridge.

•

Service mode — Unlocks the subsystem from the enclosure. The
subsystem is no longer in Automatic mode. This mode is for Digital
Services engineers to use when performing servicing procedures.

You can select these modes using the Mode Select key (Figure 1–3) on the front
of the TZ877 subsystem.
See Chapter 2 for information on using the modes and the Mode Select key.
Figure 1–3 TZ877 Subsystem Mode Select Key Symbols
MODE S E L E C T K E Y

OCP
DISABLED
AUTOMATIC
MODE

SERVICE
MODE

MANUAL
MODE

SHR_X1025D_89

Overview 1–7

Overview
1.5 Hardware Components

1.5 Hardware Components
The TZ877 magazine tape subsystem consists of the following major hardware
components (Figure 1–4):
•

Loader transfer assembly

•

Magazine

•

TZ87 tape drive and controller module

•

Rear chassis

1.5.1 Loader Transfer Assembly
The TZ877 subsystem has a loader transfer assembly that contains the
electromechanical assemblies required to store and move cartridges for use by
the TZ87 tape drive.
You must insert cartridges into the magazine and insert (and close) the
magazine into the receiver. Then:
1. An internal elevator mechanism, in the loader transfer assembly, moves to
each of the storage slots.
2. The elevator loads and unloads cartridges into the drive.
3. After the cartridges are used, the elevator returns the cartridges to their
original storage slots in the magazine.
The loader transfer assembly:
•

Scans the magazine for cartridges

•

Unloads cartridges from the magazine

•

Loads cartridges into the drive

•

Unloads cartridges from the drive

•

Returns cartridges to their original slots in the magazine

The loader transfer assembly also contains buttons and indicators called the
operator control panel (OCP). Chapter 2 details the OCP.
NOTE
Do not press the Load/Unload button on the TZ877 OCP to abort
functions of the loader transfer assembly. Type Ctrl/Y , Ctrl/C , or
terminate the process that is using the subsystem instead.

1–8 Overview

Overview
1.5 Hardware Components
Figure 1–4 TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem Block Diagram

DOCUMENTATION

COUNTRY
KITS

RACK
MOUNT
KIT

HOST
S/W

MAGAZINE

TZ87

REAR
CHASSIS

LOADER
TRANSFER
ASSEMBLY

ZKO-1217-03-DG

Overview 1–9

Overview
1.5 Hardware Components

1.5.2 Magazine
The magazine is a removable storage rack that can store up to seven
CompacTape III, CompacTape II, or CompacTape cartridges. The magazine
includes seven slots in which the cartridges are loaded. These slots are
numbered from 0 to 6 on the front of the magazine.

1.5.3 TZ87 Tape Drive
Using TZ87 density, the TZ87 tape drive, in the rear chassis of the TZ877
subsystem, is a streaming tape drive that can use CompacTape III cartridges
to store:
•

Up to 10.0 GB of data

•

Up to 20.0 GB at 2:1 compression

Using TK85 or TK86 density, up to 2.6 GBF and 6.0 GBF of data can be stored
respectively.

1.5.4 SCSI Controller Module
As part of the drive, the SCSI controller module:
•

Connects the TZ877 subsystem to the host system through the SCSI bus

•

Initiates commands from the host system to the TZ87 tape drive and TZ877
subsystem

1.5.5 Rear Chassis
The following lists the other components found in the rear chassis and their
functions:
•

Power supply–provides power to the rear chassis components and to the
loader transfer assembly

•

Fan–cools the entire TZ877 subsystem

•

Handle motor assembly–lifts and lowers the drive’s handle when cartridges
are ready for loading into, or unloading from, the drive

1–10 Overview

Overview
1.6 CompacTape III Cartridge

1.6 CompacTape III Cartridge

The CompacTape III cartridge (Figure 1–5) is a 4inch square, dark gray,

plastic cartridge containing 1200 feet of
inch magnetic, metal particle (MP)
tape.
The cartridge has a write-protect switch to prevent accidental erasure of data.
When the switch is moved to the left and the small orange rectangle is visible,
data cannot be written to the tape. A package of slide-in labels and a cartridge
handling information sheet are provided with each CompacTape III cartridge.
Figure 1–5 CompacTape III Cartridge

ORANGE
INDICATOR

a
mp

I
pe

WRITEPROTECT
SWITCH

WRITEENABLED

WRITEPROTECTED
SHR_X1020C_89

Overview 1–11

Overview
1.6 CompacTape III Cartridge

1.6.1 Reading and Writing Data
The TZ87 drive reads and writes data in a two-track parallel, serpentine
fashion. To read/write 128 tracks (64 pairs) on the tape, the TZ87 tape drive:
•

Travels the entire length of tape on two tracks (at approximately 100
inches per second)

•

Steps the head and reverses tape direction, and continues to read/write on
the next two tracks.

1.6.2 Cartridge Compatability
Older CompacTape cartridges can be loaded for read or read/write purposes
into the TZ87 tape drive. Any cartridges recorded by the TK50, TK70 or TZ30
drives can be read by the TZ87 tape drive. Any cartridges recorded by the
TK85, TK86, or TZ87 tape drive can be read and written by the TZ87 drive.
Use Table 1–2 to determine cartridge compatibility with the TZ87 drive:
Table 1–2 Read/Write Cartridge Compatibility with the TZ87 Drive
Cartridge Type/Format (Capacity)

Read/Write Ability in the TZ87

CompacTape/TK50 (95 MBF)

Read only

CompacTape II/TK70 (296 MBF)

Read only

CompacTape III/TK85 (2.6 GBF)

Read/write in 85 mode1 ,2

CompacTape III/TK86 (6.0 GBF)

Read/write in 86 mode1 ,2

CompacTape III/TZ87 (10.0 GBF, 20.0 GBF
assumes 2:1 compression)

Read/write in 87 mode1 ,2

CompacTape III/blank

Read/write in 851 , 861 , or 87 mode,
as selected

1 Read/write, backward compatible with drive of selected density
2 Recording format can be changed to 85, 86, or 87 mode on a write from BOT.

1.6.3 Selecting Density with the TZ877
You can select density by using the Density Select button (Chapter 2) on the
TZ877 operator control panel. The TZ87 tape drive defaults to using TZ87
format (high density) for all writes from Beginning of Tape (BOT)—unless
TK85 or TK86 formats have been selected either on the OCP, or by the host.
If you use the OCP to select a format, then it overrides any format selected
by the host. When you append data to the tape cartridge, the current media
density is used.

1–12 Overview

Overview
1.6 CompacTape III Cartridge
1.6.3.1 Using the ULTRIX Operating System
If you use ULTRIX, you can use the operating system to select density. For
more information, see Appendix B.

1.6.4 Cartridge Reliability
To ensure the reliability of cartridges that:
•

Contain recorded data and may be archived for a long time

•

Do not contain recorded data

Store the cartridges in a clean, controlled environment with the following
conditions:
•

Environmental temperature: 18.3°C to 26.1°C (65°F to 79°F)

•

Relative humidity: 20% to 60%

•

Guaranteed number of passes: 500,000

•

A backed up file can be restored 500,000 times

•

Overall tape/head motion can be 500,000 hours minimum

Overview 1–13

Overview
1.7 Specifications

1.7 Specifications
Table 1–3 lists the specifications for the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem, and
Table 1–4 lists those for the TZ87 tape drive.
Table 1–3 TZ877 Magazine Tape Subsystem Specifications
Characteristic

Specifications

Height

26.47 cm (10.42 in)

Width

22.20 cm (8.74 in)

Length

64.77 cm (25.5 in)

Weight

24.95 kg (55 lb)

Noise level

62 dB

Environmental temperature
Operating

10°C to 40°C (50°F to 104°F)

Nonoperating

–40°C to 66°C (–40°F to 150.8°F)

Humidity
Operating

20% to 80% noncondensing

Nonoperating

10% to 95%

Certification
EMI

Meets applicable FCC, VDE, and FTZ standards for Class
A devices

Safety

Meets UL, CSA, TUV "BG" MARK and IEC standards

Maximum number of cartridges

Electrical rating

100 to 120/220 to 240 V ac, 2/1 A

AC power consumption

110 W, typical
113 W, maximum

Communications interface

SCSI-2 bus (single-ended or differential)

Cycle time

50 s, maximum

1–14 Overview

Overview
1.7 Specifications
Table 1–4 TZ87 Tape Drive Specifications
Characteristic

Specification(s)

Mode of operation

Streaming

Media

12.77 mm (1/2 in) unformatted magnetic tape

Track density

256 tracks/in

Bit density

62,500 bits/in

Number of tracks

128

Transfer rate, raw
native

1.71 MB/s

Transfer rate, user
native uncompressed

1.25 MB/s

Transfer rate, user
compressed1

More than 2.50 MB/s maximum write

Tape speed

110 in/s

Track format

Two-track parallel, serpentine recording

Cartridge capacity

10.0 GB, formatted, native
20.0 GB, formatted, compressed
Assumes 2:1

More than 3.00 MB/s maximum read

1 Compression ratio is data dependent.

Overview 1–15

Overview
1.8 Supplies and Related Documents

1.8 Supplies and Related Documents
Use Table 1–5 to order additional cartridges or magazines. Contact your
Digital sales representative, or call Digital’s DECdirect ordering service at
1–800–DIGITAL.
Table 1–5 Supplies
Order Number

Description

TK85–HC

CleaningTape III Cartridge. One cartridge ships with the
TZ877 subsystem.

TK85–M

Magazine. Ships with the TZ877 subsystem.

TK85K–01

CompacTape III Cartridge. Seven cartridges ship with the
TZ877 subsystem.

TK85K–07

CompacTape III data cartridge (quantity, 7)

TK85K–A0

CompacTape III data cartridge (quantity, 1008)

Use the documents in Table 1–6 as supplements to this manual.
Table 1–6 Related Documents
Order Number

Title

AA–Z407B–TE

VAX/VMS Backup Utility Reference Manual

AI–Y506B–TE

Guide to VAX/VMS Disk and Magnetic Tape Operations

AA–Z424A–TE

VAX/VMS Mount Utility Reference Manual

EK–OTZ87–OM

TZ87 Cartridge Tape Subsystem Owner’s Manual

EK–OTZ87–RC

TZ87 Tape Drive Operator’s Reference Card

EK–SZ107–IG

SZ107 Storage Subsystem Installation Guide

1–16 Overview

2
Operation
2.1 Introduction
This chapter explains TZ877 subsystem operation including:
•

Power-on process

•

Mode Select key modes

•

Operator control panel (OCP) indicator functions

•

Slot Select, Load/Unload, and Eject button functions

•

Magazine cartridge insertion and removal

2.2 Power-On Process
Table 2–1 explains what happens during each phase of the TZ877 operation.
Table 2–1 Loader Power-on Self-test
Phase

What Happens

When you turn on the TZ877 subsystem, the Loader Fault and Power On
indicators on the loader OCP light.

One second later, all OCP indicators light. Within 15 seconds, power-on
self-test (POST) of the loader mechanics completes.

•

If the Magazine Fault and Loader Fault indicators turn off, loader POST
succeeded.

•

If the Magazine Fault and Loader Fault indicators stay on, loader POST
failed.

A few seconds later, the drive controller resets the loader.
(continued on next page)

Operation 2–1

Operation
2.2 Power-On Process
Table 2–1 (Cont.) Loader Power-on Self-test
Phase

What Happens

Loader POST starts again.
If ...

Then POST ...

The Magazine Fault and Loader Fault indicators
turn off and shortly after, all OCP indicators,
except for Power On, turn off,

Passed

The Magazine Fault and Loader Fault indicators
stay on,

Failed

NOTE
If the Magazine Fault indicator or Loader Fault indicator remains on,
POST has detected an error. See Chapter 3 for error conditions.
5

The elevator scans the magazine to determine which slots contain cartridges.

If the subsystem magazine has a cartridge in slot 0, and no cartridge is in
the drive, these indicators should be on:

2–2 Operation

•

Power On

•

Eject

•

Load/Unload

•

Slot Select

•

Slot 0

Operation
2.3 Mode Select Key

2.3 Mode Select Key
The Mode Select key (Figure 2–1) can:
•

Lock the loader transfer assembly into the enclosure

•

Lock the receiver closed

The Mode Select key has four modes:
•

OCP Disabled

•

Automatic

•

Manual

•

Service

OCP Disabled, Automatic, and Manual modes are for operational use. Service
mode is for servicing procedures.

2.3.1 Operating Modes
The following modes are for operational use:
•

OCP Disabled mode — When the magazine is inserted into the receiver
and the receiver is closed, the loader transfer assembly scans the magazine.
The first cartridge in the magazine automatically loads into the drive.
Operations stop if you are copying data to tape and one of the following
happens:
•

The storage capacity of the last tape cartridge is exceeded

•

No tape cartridge is in the next sequential slot in the magazine

To lock the TZ877 subsystem into the enclosure and lock the receiver: set
the Mode Select key to OCP Disabled mode. The OCP pushbuttons are
disabled.
•

Automatic mode — This mode is the default, or normal, mode of the
TZ877 subsystem. It automatically loads and unloads cartridges as
necessary during backup procedures.
Operations stop if you are copying data to tape and one of the following
happens:
•

The storage capacity of the last tape cartridge is exceeded

•

No tape cartridge is in the next sequential slot in the magazine

Operation 2–3

Operation
2.3 Mode Select Key
To lock the TZ877 subsystem into its normal operating position in the
enclosure but leave the receiver unlocked: set the Mode Select key to
Automatic mode. The receiver can be opened and all OCP pushbuttons
are enabled.
•

Manual mode — Automatic loading and unloading of cartridges does
not occur in this mode. You must press the Load/Unload button to move
each cartridge. This mode is most useful for, but not restricted to, copying
specific files to or from tape.
To lock the TZ877 subsystem into the enclosure: set the Mode Select key
to Manual mode. The receiver is unlocked and can be opened. All OCP
pushbuttons are on.
NOTE
During Manual mode, the cartridge returns to the magazine, but the
current Slot Select indicator does not advance forward to the next
available cartridge.

2–4 Operation

Operation
2.3 Mode Select Key
Figure 2–1 TZ877 Operator Control Panel
OPERATOR CONTROL PANEL

Eject

Load/Unload

MOD E S E LE C T K E Y

BUTTON
AND
INDICATOR
AREA

Slot Select
OCP
DISABLED

0
AUTOMATIC
MODE

Power On

OCP LABEL
CURRENT
SLOT
INDICATORS
0-6

Write
Protected
Tape In Use

MANUAL
MODE

Use
Cleaning Tape

SERVICE
MODE

Magazine
Fault
Loader Fault

Density Select
Eject

Bus ID

Load/Unload

Slot Select

0
Power On
Write
Protected

Tape In Use
Use
Cleaning Tape

Magazine
Fault

Density
Override

Loader Fault

TK50/70

Density Select

TK85

4
Density
Override

TK86

TK50/70

TK85

TZ87

TK86

TZ87

Compress

ZKO-1217-07-DG

Operation 2–5

Operation
2.3 Mode Select Key

2.3.2 Service Mode
Service mode is for servicing the subsystem by a Multivendor Customer
Services engineer.
To unlock the TZ877 subsystem from its enclosure and remove it from its
normal operating position: set the Mode Select key to Service mode. The
receiver is unlocked and can be opened.

2.4 Operator Control Panel
The TZ877 operator control panel (OCP) has 4 OCP pushbuttons and 23
indicators that are used with the Mode Select key (Table 2–2). See Section 2.3
for information on the Mode Select key and its functions. See Section 2.5 for
more details on button and indicator operations.
Table 2–2 TZ877 Operator Control Panel
Button/Indicator

Color

State

Function

Eject button

–

Opens the receiver, allowing
access to the magazine for
removal and insertion of
cartridges. Also can be used
to unload the tape from the
drive to the magazine.

Eject indicator

Green

Indicates a magazine fault,
and that you can press
the Eject button to unload
cartridges from the drive to
the magazine and to open the
receiver.

Load/Unload button

–

Loads the currently selected
cartridge into the tape
drive. Unloads the cartridge
currently in the tape drive.
Resets the subsystem if there
is a loader fault.

Load/Unload indicator

Green

You can press the Load
/Unload button.

Slot Select button

–

Increments the current slot
indicator to the next slot.
(continued on next page)

2–6 Operation

Operation
2.4 Operator Control Panel
Table 2–2 (Cont.) TZ877 Operator Control Panel
Button/Indicator

Color

State

Function

Slot Select indicator

Green

You can press the Slot Select
button. Pressing this button
moves the current slot
indicator to the next slot.

Power On indicator

Green

The TZ877 is in a known
good power state (ac and
dc voltages are within
tolerance).

Write Protected indicator

Orange

The cartridge currently in the
drive is write-protected by
one of these methods:
Setting the write-protect
switch to write-protect.
Using software write-protect
qualifiers.

Tape In Use indicator

Use Cleaning Tape indicator

Yellow

Orange

Off

The current cartridge is
write-enabled.

Slow
blinking

The tape is rewinding.

Rapid
blinking

Tape is reading or writing.

On steadily

A cartridge is in the drive
and the tape is not moving.

Off

No cartridge is in the drive.

The read/write head needs
cleaning. See Chapter 4.

Magazine Fault indicator

Red

Indicates a magazine failure.

Loader Fault indicator

Red

Indicates a loader transfer
assembly error or drive error.
(continued on next page)

Operation 2–7

Operation
2.4 Operator Control Panel
Table 2–2 (Cont.) TZ877 Operator Control Panel
Button/Indicator

Color

State

Function

Current slot indicators 0–6

Green

Identifies the current slot
(see Slot Select button).
Each current slot indicator
blinks when its corresponding
cartridge moves to or from
the drive. Also used with the
Magazine Fault or Loader
Fault indicator to show the
type of fault (Sections 3.5.1
and Section 3.5.2).

Density Select

Green

Indicates you can choose a
density on the OCP.

Auto

Yellow

Host selection is disabled.
Selection mode is manual.

TK50/70

Yellow

Indicates all of the following:

TK85

Yellow

Blinking

•

Tape was recorded in
TK50/70 format.

•

You chose to read the
tape in TK50/70 format.

Indicates one or all of the
following:
•

Tape was recorded in
TK85 format.

•

You chose to read/write
the tape in TK85 format.

Indicates tape is recorded in
another density. You selected
this density for a write from
BOT.
(continued on next page)

2–8 Operation

Operation
2.4 Operator Control Panel
Table 2–2 (Cont.) TZ877 Operator Control Panel
Button/Indicator

Color

State

Function

TK86

Yellow

Indicates one or all of the
following:

TZ87

Compress

Density Override

•

Tape was recorded in
TK86 format.

•

You chose to read/write
the tape in TK86 format.

Blinking

Indicates tape is recorded in
another density. You selected
this density for a write from
BOT.

Yellow

Indicates one or all of the
following:

Yellow

•

Tape was recorded in
TZ87 format.

•

You chose to read/write
the tape in TZ87 format.

Blinking

Indicates tape is recorded in
another density. You selected
this density for a write from
BOT.

You selected Compression
mode.

Off

Compression mode is
disabled.

A density selection has been
set from the drive’s front
panel.

Off(default)

Density selection is under
host control, or automatic

Blinking

You are in density selection
mode.

Operation 2–9

Operation
2.5 Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select Button Functions

2.5 Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select
Button Functions
The Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select buttons are OCP
pushbuttons. They contain a green indicator and are operable only when their
corresponding indicators are on.
NOTE
The Load/Unload button has three functions: load, unload, and reset.
If a loader fault has occurred and the Loader Fault indicator is on,
press the Load/Unload button to reset the TZ877 subsystem.

2.5.1 Selecting a Cartridge
To select a cartridge: Press the Slot Select button to advance the slot
indicator light to the next available slot. After a successful initialization, the
TZ877 subsystem automatically selects the first slot that has a cartridge and
the Slot Select button becomes active. The Load/Unload and Eject indicators
remain on during slot selection.

2.5.2 Loading the Cartridge
Press the Load/Unload button to load the cartridge into the drive. If no
cartridge is loaded, this action causes the Select Slot, Load/Unload, and Eject
indicators to turn off, and the elevator to move to the selected slot, indicated
by the light. The cartridge is then removed from the magazine and placed in
the elevator. The elevator moves to the drive position and inserts the cartridge
into the drive.
The indicators remain off until the tape has loaded to the beginning of the tape
(BOT). After the cartridge is loaded into the drive, the Eject and Load/Unload
indicators turn on, and the corresponding buttons are enabled. The Slot Select
indicator remains off.

2.5.3 Selecting Density
NOTE
The only time you can change tape density is on a write from BOT. You
cannot change density on a read operation.

2–10 Operation

Operation
2.5 Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select Button Functions
Modes of Selecting Density
You can select density through any of the following modes:
1. Use the front panel Density Select button. Using the selection button
always overrides other methods.
2. Use a host selection—assuming operating system support. If you do not
use the Density Select button, host selection is used.
3. Use the native format. If you do not use an OCP or host selection, then the
default (TZ87) format is used.
How to Select Density
To select density with the TZ87:
1. Press the Load/Unload button to load the cartridge into the drive.
2. Use one of the selection methods to select the desired format (TK85, TK86
or TZ87.
3. Issue a command that will cause a write from BOT; for example, from
VMS, use the INITIALIZE command.
4. After calibration completes, the yellow Tape in Use indicator remains lit,
and one of the yellow tape density indicators will light to indicate current
density of tape.
5. You can use the Density Select button at any time, not just after loading
a tape. (A new selection will not take place until you do a write from BOT.)
The controller remembers the command you gave until you do one of the
following:
•

Change the selection made.

•

Unload the tape. When you unload the tape, the controller forgets the
density selection.

•

Eject the magazine from the loader.

Operation 2–11

Operation
2.5 Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select Button Functions
Table 2–3 Results of Density Selection
If . . .

Then . . .

You did not use the
Density Select button

The LEDs show the actual density when the tape is reading
and writing. The LEDs light steadily and the Selection LED
is off.

You used the Density
Select button, and if the
actual tape density is
the same as the density
you selected

The LED next to one of the yellow indicators showing
actual density selection and Density Select is on steady. For
example, if the actual tape density is TZ87 and the selected
tape density is TZ87, then the LED next to TZ87 lights.

You used the Density
Select button, and if
the actual tape density
differs from the density
selected:

The LED next to the actual density lights steadily. The LED
next to the selected density blinks and the Density Select
LED flashes.
For example, if the actual tape density is TZ87 and the
selected density is TK86, the TZ87 LED lights steadily, the
TK86 LED blinks, and the Density Select LED blinks. On
a write from BOT the tape is reformatted to the selected
density and following occurs: the TZ87 indicator shuts off,
the TK86 indicator lights steadily, and the Density Select
indicator lights steadily.

NOTE
To select density over the SCSI bus, implement a Mode Select (SCSI-2)
command with the desired density and write data to the tape from
BOT.

2.5.4 Unloading the Cartridge
CAUTION
Do not press the Load/Unload button until backup or other tape
operations are stopped at the terminal. Doing so can result in operation
failure and drive unavailability.

When you press the Load/Unload button:
1. The Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select indicators turn off
2. The cartridge unloads from the drive into the magazine
3. Automatic operation now stops and the Select Slot operation does not move
in increments.

2–12 Operation

Operation
2.5 Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select Button Functions
4. The indicators turn on once the cartridge is returned to the magazine.
The Load/Unload indicator must be on before you press the button to load or
unload a cartridge. If the Loader Fault indicator is on, showing a malfunction,
press the Load/Unload button to reset the subsystem and try to clear the error.

2.5.5 Opening the Receiver
The Eject button opens the receiver for insertion or removal of the magazine.
The Eject button is disabled when the Mode Select key is in the OCP Disabled
position. The Eject button can also be used to unload a tape from the drive.
When a cartridge is . . .

Then . . .

Not in the drive, the Slot Select,
Load/Unload, Eject, and Density
Select indicators are on before
any operation begins.

Pressing the Eject button causes all indicators to
turn off. The elevator then returns to its home
position and the receiver opens. Once you close the
receiver again, a magazine scan begins. When the
scan completes, the indicators turn back on.

In the drive, the Eject and Load
/Unload indicators are on before
the operation begins.

Pressing the Eject button causes both indicators to
turn off, and the cartridge unloads from the drive
and moves back into the magazine. The receiver
then opens to allow access to the magazine. Once
you close the receiver again, a magazine scan
begins. When the scan completes, the indicators
turn back on.

2.6 Magazine
The front of the magazine has numbers 0 through 6 that indicate the number
of the slot.
NOTE
Insert and remove all cartridges at the front of the magazine.

2.6.1 Inserting a Cartridge into the Front of the Magazine
To simplify cartridge insertion: Place the magazine on a flat surface with
the slots facing you (Figure 2–3). Each slot is numbered to ensure you are
inserting the cartridge correctly into the front of the magazine. Usually,
cartridges are inserted into consecutive slots.

Operation 2–13

Operation
2.6 Magazine
To insert a cartridge into the magazine:
1. Grasp the cartridge with the CompacTape III label facing up and the
write-protect switch facing you (Figure 2–2).
2. Set the cartridge’s write-protect switch to the desired position. If you want
to:
•

Write on the tape, slide the switch to the right (orange indicator is not
visible).

•

Write-protect the tape, slide the switch to the left (orange indicator is
visible).

3. Insert the cartridge (Figure 2–3) by pushing it into the slot until it stops
and you hear a click. A small metal tab holds the cartridge in place.
Figure 2–2 Write-Protect Switch on a Cartridge

ORANGE
INDICATOR

a
mp

I
pe

WRITEPROTECT
SWITCH

WRITEENABLED

WRITEPROTECTED
SHR_X1020C_89

2–14 Operation

Operation
2.6 Magazine
Figure 2–3 Inserting a Cartridge into the Magazine
BACK OF
MAGAZINE

III

5
5

NOTE: Push tape in
until a click is heard

SLOT
NUMBERS
0-6

FRONT OF
MAGAZINE

SHR_X1021_89

Operation 2–15

Operation
2.6 Magazine

2.6.2 Removing a Cartridge from the Magazine
To remove a cartridge from the magazine: At the front of the magazine, press
the cartridge in until it stops and you hear a click (Figure 2–4). Then release
the cartridge. The slot uses a spring-release action.
NOTE
Never apply labels to the top or bottom of tape cartridges. Doing so can
cause cartridge jams in the TZ877 subsystem. Use the space on the
front of the cartridge for labels. If a jam occurs, call your Multivendor
Customer Services representative.

2.6.3 Removing the Magazine from the Receiver
To remove the magazine from the receiver, ensure:
1. The Power On indicator is on (Figure 2–1).
2. The tape drive is unloaded.
3. The Eject indicator is on. (It must be on before you can press the Eject
button.)
Then:
1. Press the Eject button (Figure 2–1) to open the receiver.
2. Grasp the receiver after it opens (Figure 2–5), and gently pull it forward to
access the magazine.
3. Grasp the magazine’s handle only to lift the magazine out of the receiver.

2.6.4 Installing the Magazine into the Receiver
To install the magazine into the receiver:
1. Hold the magazine by the handle and slide the magazine down into the
receiver (Figure 2–5). The magazine is slotted, you can restore it in the
correct orientation only.
2. Push the receiver closed.
3. Observe that the receiver is fully closed in the TZ877 subsystem before
proceeding.

2–16 Operation

Operation
2.6 Magazine
Figure 2–4 Removing a Cartridge from the Front of the Magazine
BACK OF
MAGAZINE

NOTE: Push tape in
until a click is heard

1
TM

4
4

5
5

SLOT
NUMBERS
0-6

FRONT OF
MAGAZINE

SHR_X1022_89

Operation 2–17

Operation
2.6 Magazine
Figure 2–5 Receiver Opened

Ejec

Loa

d/U

Slot

Sele

Pow

Wri

nloa

er O

te P

Tap

Use
Cle
anin
Driv

Loa

Den

Use

g Ta

e Fa

d Fa

sity

rote

e In

ult

Sele

Den

sity
Ove
rrid
e

TK5

0 /

TK8

TZ8

Com

pres

ZKO-1217-15-DG

2–18 Operation

Operation
2.7 Configure the TZ877

2.7 Configure the TZ877
This section describes how to configure the TZ877 including:
Topic

Section

Configuration Guidelines
Switchpack Location
To Disable Parity Checking
Changing the SCSI ID

Section 2.7.1
Section 2.7.2
Section 2.7.3
Section 2.7.4

The TZ877 is factory set to SCSI ID 5.
If your system generates parity, the TZ877 can check for correct parity on the
SCSI bus.

2.7.1 Configuration Guidelines
Your system uses the SCSI ID to identify or address the TZ877. Follow these
guidelines when configuring the TZ877 for use on your system:
If you are installing the TZ877 as . . .

Then . . .

The only SCSI device on the bus

You can leave the SCSI ID factory setting as
is.

One of multiple SCSI devices on the
bus

Be sure to use a SCSI ID that is unique from
any other device or system ID on the SCSI
bus.

The last or only device on the SCSI bus

You must terminate the bus by installing a
terminator.

2.7.2 Switchpack Location
Figure 2–6 shows the location of the DISABLE PARITY and SCSI ID
switchpack.

Operation 2–19

Operation
2.7 Configure the TZ877
Figure 2–6 DISABLE PARITY and SCSI ID Switches
2

OFF

1
4

SCSI ID LSB

3
2

SCSI ID

SCSI ID MSB
DISABLE
PARITY

OFF
1

SCSI ID LSB

3
2

SCSI ID

SCSI ID MSB

REMOTE PANEL

DISABLE
PARITY

REMOTE PANEL

ZKO-1217-29-DG

SCSI Connectors

Wire Cable Clamps

Fan

Power Connector

2–20 Operation

Power Switch

Decal and SCSI ID
Switchpack

Operation
2.7 Configure the TZ877
CAUTION
Never use a pencil to press the switches on the switchpack.

2.7.3 To Disable Parity Checking
If your system does not generate parity, you can disable parity on the TZ877 by
repositioning the switches on the loader rear panel.
To disable parity checking: set the DISABLE PARITY switch to ON
(Figure 2–6) by pressing down on the left side switch 1.

2.7.4 Changing the SCSI ID
You can change the SCSI ID by respositioning the switches on the rear panel
of the TZ877. To change the SCSI ID:
1. Look at the first column in the label Figure 2–6 and choose a SCSI ID.
2. Next to the SCSI ID you chose from Figure 2–6, look across at the Switch
2, Switch 3, and Switch 4 columns. See what the setting should be for each
switch at the chosen ID.
For example, if you chose SCSI ID 3, then the setting for Switch 2 is Off;
Switch 3 is On; and Switch 4 is On.
Switch 2 is the most significant bit (MSB) and switch 4 is the least
significant bit (LSB).
If the switch setting should be:
•

On, press in the left side of the switch on the rear of the TZ877
(Figure 2–6).

•

Off, press in the right side of the switch on the rear of the TZ877
(Figure 2–6).

Operation 2–21

3
Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.1 In This Chapter
This chapter describes:
•

The necessary conditions to ensure the OCP pushbuttons Slot Select,
Load/Unload, Eject, and Density Select operate effectively

•

Instructions on resolving BACKUP operation failures

•

Magazine and loader faults and how to clear them

•

What to check if a power problem occurs

3.2 Conditions Necessary for Button Operation
Be sure to review information in the previous chapters to ensure you are
correctly operating the TZ877 magazine tape subsystem.
Before pressing the Slot Select, Load/Unload, Eject, or Density Select button
on the TZ877 OCP, check for the conditions listed in Table 3–1 and ensure that
the:
•

Power On indicator is on

•

Receiver is closed

•

Mode Select key is not set to OCP Disabled

Pressing these buttons has no effect if their indicators are off.
NOTE
Do not press the Load/Unload button to abort any function of the
TZ877 subsystem. Type Ctrl/Y or Ctrl/C instead.

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions 3–1

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.2 Conditions Necessary for Button Operation
See Chapter 2 for more information on the functions of the TZ877 OCP
buttons.
Table 3–1 TZ877 OCP Button Conditions
If you want to . . .

First make sure the . . .

Select another slot in the
magazine

Magazine contains at least
two cartridges

Then press this
button . . .
Slot Select

Slot Select indicator is on
Load the selected cartridge
into the tape drive

Magazine contains at least
one cartridge

Load/Unload

Load/Unload indicator is on
Return the selected cartridge
to its original slot in the
magazine

Load/Unload indicator is on

Load/Unload

Clear a magazine or loader
fault

Load/Unload indicator is on

Load/Unload

Open the receiver, or unload
the cartridge from the drive
and open the receiver

Magazine Fault or Loader
Fault indicator is on
Eject indicator is on

3–2 Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions

Eject

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.3 Backup Operation Failure

3.3 Backup Operation Failure
Some manual operations, if not performed correctly, may cause backup
operations to fail during BACKUP:
•

Loading write-protected CompacTape III cartridges when executing write
operations

•

Selecting the incorrect cartridge slot from which to initialize operations

3.4 Avoiding Basic Problems
Follow these guidelines when operating the TZ877 subsystem to avoid basic
problems:
•

Use CompacTape III cartridges.

•

Check the tape leader in the cartridge by lifting the cartridge latch that
opens the door to expose the leader. Be sure the leader is in the same
position as the one shown in Figure 3–1.
CAUTION
Do not touch the exposed magnetic tape. If the tape leader is not in the
correct position, use a new cartridge.

•

Be sure that the receiver is fully closed and the current slot indicator is on
for the starting cartridge.

•

Be sure that no slots in the magazine are empty between the starting
cartridge and the expected completion cartridge.
NOTE
The TZ877 subsystem unloads and loads the next cartridge when the
subsystem receives an UNLOAD command from the system.

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions 3–3

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.4 Avoiding Basic Problems
Figure 3–1 Opening the Cartridge Door to Check the Tape Leader

CARTRIDGE
LEADER

DOOR LOCK
(RELEASE BY LIFTING
DOOR LOCK WITH THUMB)
SHR-0002-86
SHR_X1027_89_CPG

3.5 Error Conditions
Error indications fall into two main categories:
•

Magazine Fault — In most cases, this is an operator-correctable condition,
indicated when the Magazine Fault indicator is on. If you cannot resolve
the fault, call your Multivendor Customer Services representative.

•

Loader Fault — This is a condition that most likely requires service from
a Multivendor Customer Services representative. It is indicated when the
Loader Fault indicator is on.

3–4 Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.5 Error Conditions

3.5.1 Magazine Fault Description
A magazine fault indicates an inconsistency between what the loader transfer
assembly has done with a cartridge and the actual state detected by the
subsystem.
Inconsistent magazine status occurs when:
•

The magazine is full and an extra cartridge is in the drive

•

The magazine is full and an extra cartridge is in the elevator

•

The loader has loaded a cartridge into the drive, but the cartridge has been
manually removed

•

The flag is set in the magazine, but no cartridge is present

•

An unrecognized cartridge is in the magazine

When these conditions are present, the Magazine Fault indicator is on,
indicating a situation that can be corrected by the operator. The Eject indicator
is also on to inform you that this is the only function available at this time.
Slot indicators are as follows:
•

Slots 6 and 0 light, indicating a cartridge in the drive was not loaded by
the loader transfer assembly.

•

Slots 5 and 0 light, indicating you need to replace any missing cartridges
in the magazine.
NOTE
The Slot 0 indicator is on in all error conditions to indicate that an
error occurred. It is not a Slot Select indicator in this case.

3.5.1.1 Clearing a Magazine Fault
To clear a magazine fault, first try pressing the Load/Unload button. If the
fault does not clear, press the Eject button to open the receiver and remove the
magazine to locate the cartridge error. After you have cleared the error, try
loading and unloading cartridges to verify operation.

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions 3–5

Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions
3.5 Error Conditions

3.5.2 Loader Fault Description
A loader fault indicates the TZ877 subsystem detected a fatal error in either
the loader transfer assembly or the tape drive. In some loader transfer
assembly errors, the subsystem retries the error three times before indicating
failure. All loader faults generate an error log as well as light the Loader Fault
indicator and an associated subcode.
The Loader Fault indicator indicates errors in the loader transfer assembly,
controller module, and drive. The suspected location of a fault is indicated by
the following slot indicators:
•

Slots 4 and 0 light, indicating a controller module fault.

•

Slots 5 and 0 light, indicating a loader transfer assembly fault.

•

Slots 6 and 0 light, indicating a drive fault.
NOTE
Error indicators do not blink. During hardware failures, the controller
module determines action.

3.5.2.1 Clearing a Loader Fault
When a loader fault occurs, the Load/Unload and Eject indicators are on. When
you press the Load/Unload button, the TZ877 subsystem attempts to clear the
error. When you press the Eject button, the receiver opens to let you access the
magazine.

3.6 Power Problems
If the Power On indicator is not on, or your system does not recognize the
TZ877 subsystem:
•

Verify that the subsystem is pushed completely into the enclosure. (Power
to the loader transfer assembly is disabled when it slides forward.)

•

Verify with your system manager that the subsystem configuration is
correct.

•

Call your Multivendor Customer Services representative.

3–6 Error Conditions and Problem Resolutions

4
Head Cleaning
4.1 Introduction
The Tx877 magazine tape subsystem uses the CleaningTape III cartridge
(Figure 4–1) for cleaning the read/write head in the tape drive.

4.2 Using the CleaningTape III Cartridge
The CleaningTape III cartridge is a yellow plastic cartridge containing 1200
feet of 1/2-inch, magnetic particle (MP) cleaning tape. You can use the
CleaningTape III cartridge approximately 20 times before it expires.
You should not have to use the cleaning tape periodically. Use it only if the
subsystem indicates a problem. For example, a cleaning indicator is on, or a
hard read/write error occurs.

Head Cleaning 4–1

Head Cleaning
4.2 Using the CleaningTape III Cartridge
Figure 4–1 CleaningTape III Cartridge

n
lea

ing

I
pe

SHR_X1020E_89

4–2 Head Cleaning

Head Cleaning
4.2 Using the CleaningTape III Cartridge
To clean the read/write head: Insert the CleaningTape III cartridge into the
magazine where it then loads into the drive (Section 4.3).
NOTES
Perform the head cleaning procedure only when the orange Use
Cleaning Tape (4–2) indicator is on.
If the Loader Fault indicator is on, clear the fault before proceeding
with head cleaning.

Head Cleaning 4–3

Head Cleaning
4.2 Using the CleaningTape III Cartridge
Figure 4–2 TZ877 Operator Control Panel
OPERATOR CONTROL PANEL

Eject

Load/Unload

MOD E S E LE C T K E Y

BUTTON
AND
INDICATOR
AREA

Slot Select
OCP
DISABLED

0
AUTOMATIC
MODE

Power On

OCP LABEL
CURRENT
SLOT
INDICATORS
0-6

Write
Protected
Tape In Use

MANUAL
MODE

Use
Cleaning Tape

SERVICE
MODE

Magazine
Fault
Loader Fault

Density Select
Eject

Bus ID

Load/Unload

Slot Select

0
Power On
Write
Protected

Tape In Use
Use
Cleaning Tape

Magazine
Fault

Density
Override

Loader Fault

TK50/70

Density Select

TK85

4
Density
Override

TK86

TK50/70

TK85

TZ87

TK86

TZ87

Compress

ZKO-1217-07-DG

4–4 Head Cleaning

Head Cleaning
4.3 Inserting the CleaningTape III Cartridge into the Magazine

4.3 Inserting the CleaningTape III Cartridge into the Magazine
Be sure to use a CleaningTape III cartridge.
CAUTION
To use the cleaning procedure, you must return the CompacTape III
cartridges to their original slots, and remove the cleaning cartridge
from the magazine after the cleaning procedure is done.

To clean the read/write head (Figure 4–2):
1. Press the Load/Unload button to remove any cartridge that may be in the
drive, and to return the cartridge to the magazine.
2. Press the Eject button to open the receiver and remove the magazine.
3. Insert the CleaningTape III cartridge into the first slot of the magazine.
4. Insert the magazine into the receiver; close the receiver.
5. Press the Load/Unload button to load the cleaning cartridge into the drive.
Once the cleaning cartridge is loaded, the drive begins the head cleaning
procedure. When the cleaning procedure is complete, the cleaning cartridge
automatically returns to the magazine.
6. Press the Eject button to remove the magazine.
7. Remove the cleaning cartridge from the magazine and replace the
CompacTape III cartridge in the magazine.
NOTE
If the Use Cleaning Tape indicator remains on, the cleaning cycle
was not successful due to an expired cartridge. Replace the cleaning
cartridge and repeat the cleaning process.
If a particular cartridge causes the Use Cleaning Tape indicator to turn
on frequently, it is suggested this cartridge be backed up on another,
and then discarded. A damaged cartridge may cause unnecessary use
of the CleaningTape III.

Head Cleaning 4–5

A
VMS Operating System Commands
A.1 Introduction
The TZ877 magazine tape subsystem uses most of the standard magnetic tape
commands that can be invoked under VMS operating system version 5.4-2 or
later.
This appendix is a reference only; it does not include all the details that may
be involved in using VMS commands.
For more information about VMS commands and command files, see the
VAX/VMS Guide to Using Command Procedures (AA–H782B–TE), VAX/VMS
Command Language User’s Guide (AA–DO23C–TE), or the VMS System
Manager’s Manual (AA–LA00B–TE).

A.2 Tape Device Specific Commands
Use the following commands to operate the TZ877 subsystem:
•

ALLOCATE

•

BACKUP
MOUNT/FOREIGN
BACKUP
DISMOUNT

•

COPY
INITIALIZE
MOUNT
COPY
DISMOUNT

VMS Operating System Commands A–1

VMS Operating System Commands
A.2 Tape Device Specific Commands

A.2.1 ALLOCATE Command
ALLOCATE provides exclusive access to a device and optionally establishes
a logical name for that device. Once you have allocated a device, other users
cannot access that device until you explicitly DEALLOCATE it, or until you log
out. Use the following format to allocate the TZ877 subsystem:
$ ALLOCATE device name: [logical name]
For example, to allocate the TZ877 for your use and assign it to the logical
name TAPE1, do the following:
$ ALLOCATE MIA0:TAPE1
The TZ877 subsystem’s physical device name is assigned by your system
manager after it is installed.

A.2.2 DEALLOCATE Command
DEALLOCATE cancels the exclusive access you assign to a device with the
ALLOCATE command.
$ DEALLOCATE device name: [logical name]

A.2.3 BACKUP Command
BACKUP provides protection against file volume corruption by creating
functionally equivalent backup copies.
Use the following format to back up a file:
$ BACKUP/NOCRC/GROUP=0/BLOCK_size=65534/media_format=compaction
/label=[volume label]
filename.ext [device-name or logical name]:filename.bck
In addition to backing up single files, you can back up lists of files and entire
volumes.

A–2 VMS Operating System Commands

VMS Operating System Commands
A.2 Tape Device Specific Commands
NOTE
By selecting the /NOCRC and /GROUP=0 qualifiers and a large block
size with the /BLOCK qualifier (65534 is the largest possible block
size), you can achieve better performance from the TZ877 subsystem.
The previous command line excludes the use of the host-available CRC
error detection/correction capability, and depends on the embedded
error checking and correction capabilities of the TZ877. TZ877 error
correction capabilities relate specifically to the TZ877 subsystem—not
to the entire system.
Use of the /NOCRC qualifier requires a systems management decision
relative to the incremental difference in data integrity versus a
performance tradeoff. In most cases, TZ877 internal error detection
and correction capabilities are sufficient to ensure data integrity and
recovery. The host-level CRC provides another level of error detection
and correction, which may be important under some conditions.

Refer to your system manuals before deciding on qualifiers for use with the
BACKUP command. For detailed information about BACKUP and other
VMS tape commands, see the VAX/VMS Backup Utility Reference Manual
(AA–Z407B–TE).

A.2.4 MOUNT Command
The MOUNT commands lets you make a magnetic tape volume available for
processing. Note that it loads the tape with the protection set according to the
write-protect switch on the cartridge.
Use the following format to mount a tape with the TZ877 subsystem:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/BLOCK_SIZE=65534/[device name]
[volume label] [logical name]
As an example, to make TAPE1 available for processing, type the following:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION/MIA0
The console displays a message:
TAPE1 MOUNTED ON MIA0:
You must use the /FOREIGN qualifier when you are performing BACKUP
commands. Do not use it when you are performing COPY commands.

VMS Operating System Commands A–3

VMS Operating System Commands
A.2 Tape Device Specific Commands
NOTE
Caching is normally enabled on VMS systems. If it is not, you can use
the following command:
$ MOUNT/CACHE=TAPE_DATA

For more information, see the VAX/VMS Mount Utility Reference Manual
(AA–Z424A–TE).

A.2.5 COPY Command
Use the COPY command with the TZ877 subsystem to copy files from cassette
tape.
In the following example, the MOUNT command requests that the volume
labeled GMB001 be mounted on the tape drive at MIA0 and assigns the logical
name TAPE1.
COPY uses the logical name TAPE1 for the input file specification. All files on
MIA0 are copied to the current default disk and directory. The files keep their
original file names and file types.
$ MOUNT MIA0: GMB001 TAPE1:
$ COPY TAPE1:*.* *.*
NOTE
Using the COPY command to move multiple files may not achieve
optimum performance. Check with your system manager for more
information.

A.2.6 DISMOUNT Command
The DISMOUNT command cancels the MOUNT command, makes the unit
unavailable for processing, and rewinds the tape.
To eject a tape cassette from the tape drive, you must rewind and unload the
tape. Use the following format:
$ DISMOUNT logical name or device name:
To rewind to the beginning of the tape (BOT) without unloading it, use the
following format:
$ DISMOUNT/NOUNLOAD logical name or device name:

A–4 VMS Operating System Commands

VMS Operating System Commands
A.2 Tape Device Specific Commands

A.2.7 INITIALIZE Command
CAUTION
Be sure you are using a scratch tape before initializing; otherwise, any
existing data on the tape will be destroyed.
Use the INITIALIZE command to specify the device name and write a volume
name to the magnetic tape volume loaded into the TZ877 subsystem. The tape
must be write-enabled for initializing.
Use the following format:
$ INITIALIZE device name: [volume label]
As an example, to initialize the device TAPE1 and assign the volume name
GMB001, type the following:
$ INITIALIZE/BLOCK_SIZE=65534/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION/
TAPE1: GMB001
For detailed information regarding volume names and magnetic tape
operations, see the Guide to VAX/VMS Disk and Magnetic Tape Operations
(AA–M539A–TE).

VMS Operating System Commands A–5

B
Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the
ULTRIX Operating System
B.1 Introduction
This appendix is intended for those using the TZ877 tape subsystem with the
ULTRIX operating system.
This appendix includes:
•

Adding the TZ877 subsystem to your ULTRIX system

•

Tips on getting maximum capacity and performance

•

Using the TZ877 for unattended backups

•

Using various ULTRIX commands to save information on the TZ877

B.2 Adding the TZ877 to the ULTRIX System
Before connecting the TZ877 to the SCSI bus:
1. Locate the SCSI ID switches at the rear of the TZ877.
2. Ensure the SCSI ID (target ID) number for the TZ877 is unique. The
recommended ID is 5. Use SCSI ID 5 only if no other device on the bus has
SCSI ID 5.
3. Ensure all other devices on the SCSI bus have unique SCSI IDs.

B.2.1 Connecting the TZ877 to ULTRIX
To connect the TZ877 subsystem to the ULTRIX system:
1. Physically connect the TZ877 cable(s) to the ULTRIX system.
2. Ensure an entry for the TZ877 is specified in the ULTRIX system
configuration file. If you have to modify your configuration file by adding
an entry, then you must build a new kernel and reboot the system. This is
explained in Section B.2.3 and Section B.2.4.

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–1

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.2 Adding the TZ877 to the ULTRIX System
3. Create logical device names for your TZ877, explained in Section B.2.5.

B.2.2 Checking the ULTRIX System Configuration File
Locate the ULTRIX system’s configuration file. It should be in the
/usr/sys/conf directory under the mips or VAX system subdirectory.
The configuration file name is the same as the system name and must contain
an entry for the TZ877 subsystem.
If . . .

Then . . .

An entry does not exist,

You need to create an entry in the
configuration file.

An entry already exists,

You do not need to change the configuration
file.

B.2.3 Creating an Entry
An entry has the following format:
tape name at controller device#
An example entry for Bus 0, SCSI ID 5:
tape tz5 at sii0 drive 5
To create an entry in the configuration file:
1. Refer to Table B–1 to determine the name according to your SCSI target ID
and your bus number. Usually, users have one bus, Bus 0. Find the name,
listed under the Bus 0 or Bus 1 columns.
For example: The name for SCSI Target ID 5, Bus 0 is tz5.

Table B–1 Determining the Tape Name
SCSI Target ID

Bus 0

Bus 1

tz0

tz8

tz1

tz9

tz2

tz10

tz3

tz11
(continued on next page)

B–2 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.2 Adding the TZ877 to the ULTRIX System
Table B–1 (Cont.) Determining the Tape Name
SCSI Target ID

Bus 0

Bus 1

tz4

tz12

tz5

tz13

tz6

tz14

tz7

tz15

2. Determine the name of the controller to which the TZ877 subsystem is
connected.
3. Include the words tape, name, controller, and the device# in the entry.

B.2.4 Building the Kernel, Rebooting the System
If you added an entry to your configuration file, you must rebuild the kernel
and reboot the system. Be sure to save the original kernel before rebooting the
system.
For example:
$ /etc/doconfig
$ mv /vmunix /vmunix.old
$ mv new_kernel_name /vmunix
$ /etc/shutdown -r now

(create a new kernel)
(save the old kernel)
(move the new kernel to the root directory)
(reboot the system)

B.2.5 Creating Logical Device Names for the TZ877 Subsystem
Use the MAKEDEV command located in the /dev directory to create logical
device names.
For example:
$ cd /dev
$ MAKEDEV tz5
Leads to some or all of the following logical device names:
/dev/nrmt0l
/dev/nrmt0h
/dev/rmt0l
/dev/rmt0h
/dev/rmt0m
/dev/nrmt0m
/dev/rmt0a

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–3

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.2 Adding the TZ877 to the ULTRIX System
/dev/nrmt0a
•

mt (in the middle of the logical name) means magnetic tape device.

•

nr means no rewind when the utility completes. Use the no rewind option
when more than one operation is being performed to the same tape.

•

r means rewind when the utility completes.

•

0 is the logical unit number.

•

l means low density.

•

h means high density.

•

m means medium density.

•

a means auxiliary density.
NOTE
Since the TZ877 is a high density tape subsystem, be sure to use the
logical device names including h. The only exception is if modifications
are made to allow selection of TK85, TK86, or TK87 (native) densities
for writing via the other device entries (Section B.5).

B.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance
The TZ877 subsystem stores data at different capacities, depending on the
drive format in which the TZ87 drive is writing. Use Table B–2 to see the
capacity with each drive format.
Table B–2 Maximum Capacity
Drive Format

Data Amount Per Cartridge

Data Amount Total

TZ87, no compression

More than 10.0 GB

70.0 GB (minimum)

TZ87, with compression

More than 20.0 GB,
depending on data type

140.0 GB (typical)

TZ86

6.0 GB

42.0 GB

TZ85

2.6 GB

18.2 GB

The TZ877 runs at maximum streaming rates of 1.25 MB/s in non-compression
mode, 2.5 MB/s (write, depending on compression ratio and data) and 3.0 MB/s
(read, depending on decompression ratio and data) in compression mode.

B–4 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance

B.3.1 Getting Maximum Storage Capacity and Recommendations
This section explains how to maximize the functions of the TZ877 subsystem.
To get maximum storage capacity when writing in TK85 or TK86 format, Use
block sizes that are integral multiples of 4096 bytes, such as 4k, 8k, 12k, 16k,
and so forth. It is recommended you use larger block sizes of 16k, 24k, or
32k when writing in TK85 or TK86 format. These larger block sizes:
•

Allow more efficient data processing by the host and on the SCSI bus

•

Maximize capacity

Block size does not have much effect on capacity when the TZ877 subsystem is
writing in TZ87 format, but data rates can be affected.
Some utilities and commands default to using block sizes that cause lower
capacity and I/O rates. For example:
If you use . . .

Then you can fit . . .

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TK85 format (this is
the dd command’s default)

About 320 MB of data on the tape

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TK86 format

About 750 MB of data on the tape

A 512 byte block size when
writing in TZ87 format

About 10 GB (no compression) and 20 GB (with
compression) of data on the tape

Recommended block sizes

•

2.6 GB for TK85 format

•

6.0 GB for TK86 format

•

10.0 GB (minimum) for TZ87 format (not much
effect)

Most utilities used for tape I/O let you select block size through command line
switches.
NOTE
If you are not using ULTRIX V4.2a or later, with the latest Common
Access Method (CAM) software kit installed, you have a tape file length
limit of 2.1 GB.
With striping or disk array techniques or when running the tar
command to back up multiple file systems, remember the 2.1 GB limit.
Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–5

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.3 Getting Maximum Capacity and Performance
Plan backups so that a tar or dump set does not exceed the 2.1 GB
limit. However, you can store multiple save sets on the same cartridge.

B.3.2 Maximizing Performance
To handle bursts of data, the TZ877 subsystem has about 2 MB of cache
memory. This minimizes repositioning and keeps I/O rates as high as the host
can handle.
The TZ877 runs at maximum peak streaming rates of 1.25 MB/s in noncompression mode, 2.5 MB/s (write, depending on compression ratio and
data) and 3.0 MB/s (read, depending on decompression ratio and data) in
compression mode.
If a nonoptimal block size is used, the possible average I/O rate is limited.
When writing TK85 or TK86 format, the recommended block sizes are: 16k,
24k, or 32k. You can use larger block sizes of 36k, 40k, and so forth, but
increased performance is unlikely.
Other factors that can limit performance:
•

Data fragmentation on disks

•

Oversubscribing to the I/O channel bandwidth

•

Processing speed and host CPU loads

•

Memory size

B.4 Doing Unattended Backups
This section explains how to use the TZ877 subsystem as an unattended
backup device.
Unattended backups require some extra planning, since the dump utility is
the only utility to support automatic cycling of tape cartridges at this time on
the TZ877 subsystem. Other backup utilities must complete before reaching
the end of the cartridge to avoid having the utility unload the cartridge and
require user input to continue.
When the utility you are using completes, the mt command, with the offline
option, can be used to cause the loaded cartridge to unload and the next
cartridge to load. Then the tar utility or whatever utility you are using can
be used to back up the next set of files to be saved. This can be automated by
writing a shell script.

B–6 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.4 Doing Unattended Backups
To do an unload operation:
1. Position the Mode Select key switch located on the TZ877 subsystem front
panel to the Automatic mode or locked position. This enables automatic
loading and unloading.
2. Issue the mt offline command.

B.4.1 Developing Unattended Backup Shell Scripts
To develop a shell script for doing unattended backups onto a TZ877 subsystem:
1. Choose a backup utility that can control the blocking factor on tape. This
will help you fully use the capacity and I/O rates of the TZ877 subsystem.
2. Plan what file systems are to be saved on each tape cartridge. Ensure that
the total amount of data to be written on each cartridge is less than
a. 2.6 GB for TK85 format
b. 6.0 GB for TK86 format
c.

10.0 GB (no compression), 20 GB (with compression) for TZ87 format

3. Use mt offline commands at the appropriate points to cause automatic
cycling to the next cartridge as needed.
4. Test the script to verify it operates as intended.

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–7

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.4 Doing Unattended Backups
The following is an example of a script:
#
#************************************************************************
#
# Nightly backup script for system DEVSYS
#
# Note: Setup loader to have cartridge #0 loaded before starting
#
#************************************************************************
#
# Cartridge 0: backup user directories
#
mt -f /dev/rmt2h rewind
tar -b 32k -cf /dev/rmt2h /usr/users/gimli
tar -b 32k -rf /dev/nrmt2h /usr/users/legolas
tar -b 32k -rf /dev/nrmt2h /usr/users/pippin
tar -b 32k -rf /dev/nrmt2h /usr/users/merry
mt -f /dev/rmt2h offline
#
# Cartridge 1: backup project disk A
#
dd if=/dev/rz1a of=/dev/rmt2h bs=32768
mt -f /dev/rmt2h offline
#
# Cartridge 2: backup project disk B
#
dd if=/dev/rz2a of=/dev/rmt2h bs=32768
mt -f /dev/rmt2h offline
#
# Cartridge 3: backup some filesystems
#
dump 0dsf 62500 301292 /dev/nrmt2h /dev/rrz0a
dump 0dsf 62500 301292 /dev/nrmt2h /dev/rrz0b
mt -f /dev/rmt2h offline
#

B–8 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.5 Selecting Density

B.5 Selecting Density
You can select write density from the TZ877 OCP panel or from the ULTRIX
host if the CAM software is installed and supports the TZ87 drive. If the CAM
software is installed, but does not support the TZ87 drive, you can change the
CAM software to support the drive by changing the:
•

/usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to recognize the TZ877

•

/usr/sys/h/devio.h file to define the TZ877
NOTE
Recent releases of ULTRIX (V4.3) support the TZ877. If you have
recent releases that support the TZ87, do not make the following
changes.

Only experienced programmers should change the cam_data.c and the devio.h
files. You must rebuild the kernel to add the changes. (See the configuration
guidelines earlier in this appendix. Check the CAM software documentation
for information about adding new devices.)
To allow density selection from the host:
1. Edit the /usr/sys/h/devio.h file to define the device name. Ensure a copy of
the original is preserved and can be restored if necessary.
a. Search for DEV_TZ85
b. Make a copy of the definitions for DEV_TZ857
c.

In the copy, change DEV_TZ857 to DEV_TZ877

2. Edit the /usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to set densities allowed. Ensure a
copy of the original is preserved and can be restored if necessary.
a. Search for tz85_dens.
b. Make a copy of the tz85_dens table.
c.

In the copy, change TZ85 references to TZ87

d. In the copy, in lines ending with
| DENS_BUF_VALID,
add

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–9

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.5 Selecting Density
| DENS_COMPRESS_VALID
before the comma. This results in these lines ending with
| DENS_BUF_VALID | DENS_COMPRESS_VALID,
.
e.

In the copy, change the density code to 0x18 in the rmtxl entry.

In the copy, change the density code to 0x19 in the rmtxm entry.

g. In the copy, leave the density code in the rmtxa alone.
h. In the copy, change the density code to 0x19 in the rmtxh entry, and on
the same line, change the compressionj code (labeled as such in the line
above) from NULL to 0x01.
i.

In the copy, change all other density codes to 0x19.

This process sets up device:
•

rmtxa entries to select TK85

•

rmtxl entries to select TK86

•

rmtxm entries to select TK87 (no compression)

•

rmtxh and rmtxa entries to select TZ87 (with compression)

3. Further edit the /usr/sys/data/cam_data.c file to use the TZ877 density
table just defined.
a. Search for TZ857 further down in cam_data.c
b. Make a copy of the TZ857 device descriptor tables.
c.

In the copy, change TZ857 references to TZ877

d. In the copy, change &tz85_dens to &tz87_dens.
4. Save the current kernel (/vmunix).
5. Build a new kernel.
6. Reboot the system with the new kernel.

B–10 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
This section describes ULTRIX commands used to operate the TZ877
subsystem.
The TZ877 subsystem uses standard magnetic tape commands to do backup
and restore operations. The tar and dump/restore commands are used most
often.

B.6.1 Using the tar Command
The tar command, which operates on files and directories, writes and reads
tapes. The tar utility uses the specified block size or defaults to 10k byte block
sizes. If you select TK85 or TK86 densities, then the default block size results
in a 16% decrease of maximum capacity and I/O rates.
Table B–3 lists the options you can use with the tar command.
Table B–3 Common tar Options
Option
b
c
f
r
t
u
v
x

Meaning
Block size in bytes (n)
Block size in kilobytes (nk)
nb = n x 512 bytes in a block
Create tape, writes from beginning
Tape device argument to follow
Append to the end of the tape
Table of contents of tape
Back up all new or modified files from last backup
Verbose
Extract from tape (read)

The following examples show command lines with the tar command to:
•

Write a file to tape:
$ tar -cf /dev/rmt0h filename -b 64k

•

Read a file from tape to your current directory:
$ tar -fx /dev/rmt1h filename

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–11

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

B.6.2 Using the dump Command
To use the dump command, you need system privileges. This command lets
you write an entire file system to tape. Ensure that the current directory is not
within the file system being backed up, except when backing up from the root
directory.
The dump command uses 10k byte block sizes. When using TK85 or TK86
densities, a 16% reduction in capacity and I/O rates can result from using these
block sizes.
Table B–4 lists the options you can use with the dump command.
Table B–4 Common dump Options
Option

Meaning

Recommended Value
62500

Tape density in bits per inch
Tape device
Notify all privileged accounts, the status of
dump
Size of tape in feet

u
0-9

Update the /etc/dumpdates file with the date
Dump level

d
f
n

301292 (uncompressed)
301292 (compressed)

The following examples show command lines with the dump command:
$ dump 0dsf 62500 301292 /dev/rmt0m {uncompressed TZ87 format} device entry
/dev/rrz1a
$ dump unsf 62500 301292 /dev/rmt0h /usr/users
Dump level 0 is the highest and dumps the whole file system.
Dump level 9 is the lowest. All files modified since the last dump of the same
or lower dump level are dumped.

B.6.3 Using the restore Command
The restore command reads a tape that is backed up with the dump
command. The restore command can read a file, a directory, or the entire
tape.
The restore command uses 10k byte block sizes. When using TK85 or TK86
densities, a 16% reduction in capacity and I/O rates can result from using these
block sizes.

B–12 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
Table B–5 lists the options you can use with the restore command.
Table B–5 Common restore Options
Option
f
r
i
v
x

Meaning
Tape device
Read everything from tape
Interactive
Verbose
Extract

The following example shows a command line with the restore command:
$ restore -xvf filename

B.6.4 Using the dd Command
Use the dd command to perform a device-to-device copy. The copy is done by
file or by image, depending on the specification of the input or output device
files.
Disks have two types of device files, image and block:
•

If the disk image file (/dev/rrxxx) is used, performance is faster.

•

If the disk block file (/dev/rxxx) is used, it is easier to retrieve a single file
later.

The dd command uses the specified block size, or if none is given, a default
of 512 bytes. When writing in TK85 or TK86 formats, an 87% reduction in
capacity and performance can result from using the default block size. It is
important to specify a more optimal block size.
The default block size does not affect capacity when writing in the TZ87
format.
Table B–6 lists the options you can use with the dd command.
Table B–6 Common dd Options
Option
if
of
bs
ibs
obs

Meaning

Recommended Value

Input file
Output file
Input and output block size (bytes)
Input block size (bytes)
Output block size (bytes)

32768
32768 for tape
32768 for tape

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–13

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
The following examples show command lines with the
dd command to:
•

Write to tape with the block device file:
$ dd if=/dev/rz1a of=/dev/rmt1h bs=32768

•

Write to tape with the image device file:
$ dd if=/dev/rrz1a of=/dev/rmt1h bs=32768

•

Read a tape:
$ dd if=/dev/rmt1h of=/dev/rz1a ibs=32768

B.6.5 Using the ltf Command
Use the ltf command to write and read ANSI tapes. This command operates on
files and directories and uses the specified block size. Otherwise, the command
defaults to 2048 byte blocks. This block size results in a 50% decrease of
capacity and I/O rates when writing in TK85 or TK86 formats.
Table B–7 lists the options you can use with the ltf command.
Table B–7 Common ltf Options
Option
B
c
f
u
t
v
x

Meaning
Specify a block size to use
Create tape, writes from beginning
Tape device argument to follow
Back up all new or modified files from last backup
Table of contents of tape
Verbose
Extract from tape (read)

The following examples show command lines with the ltf command to:
•

Write a file to tape:
$ ltf -cf /dev/rmt0h filename -B 16k

•

Read a file from tape to your current directory:
$ ltf -fx /dev/rmt1h filename

B–14 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands

B.6.6 Using the mt Command
The mt (magnetic tape) command allows you to give certain commands to the
tape drive.
Table B–8 lists the options you can use with the mt command.
Table B–8 Common mt Options
Option

Meaning

eof
bsf
bsr
fsf
fsr
offline
rewind
status

Write file mark(s)
Backward space file(s)
Backward space record(s)
Forward space file(s)
Forward space record(s)
Unload the tape
Rewind to the beginning of medium
Obtain information from the drive

The following examples show command lines with the
mt command to:
•

Get the status of a drive:
$ mt -f /dev/rmt0h status

•

Rewind the default drive:
$ mt rewind

•

Write two file marks to the default drive:
$ mt eof 2

B.6.7 Using the cpio Command
The cpio command allows you to save files and directories on tape and other
media and retrieve these files.
Table B–9 lists the options you can use with the cpio command.

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System B–15

Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System
B.6 Using ULTRIX Tape Commands
Table B–9 Common cpio Options
Option
c
d
i
o
t
v

Meaning
Write or read header information in ASCII character form
Create directories as needed
Copy in
Copy out
Table of contents of tape
Verbose

The following examples show command lines with the cpio command to:
•

Write to tape all files and subdirectories from your current directory:
$ find . -print | cpio -ocv > /dev/rmt0h

•

List all files and subdirectories that are on the tape:
$ cpio -ictv < /dev/rmt0h

•

Retrieve all files and subdirectories from the tape:
$ cpio -icdv < /dev/rmt0h

•

Retrieve selective files from the tape:
$ cpio -icv < ’filename’ < /dev/rmt0h

B–16 Using the TZ877 Subsystem with the ULTRIX Operating System

C
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Carry-in service offers fast, personalized response, and the ability to plan your
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sites are open during normal business hours, Monday through Friday.

Service Offerings C–1

Service Offerings
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C–2 Service Offerings