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EK-R100E-OM-001

September 1983

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Document:	Rainbow Owner's Manual
Order Number:	EK-R100E-OM
Revision:	001
Pages:	228
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-R100E-OM-001

‘Owner’s Manual

- digital equipment corporation

First Edition, September 1983
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1983. All

Rights Reserved.

The information in this document is subject to

change without notice and should not be constru

commitment by Digital Equipment Corporat

ed as a

ion. Digital Equipment Corporation assume

WARNING: The Rainbow computer has been certified
to comply with the limits for a Class B computing
device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
Rules. Only peripherals (computer input/output
devices,
terminals,
printers, etc.) certified to comply with the Class

Operation with noncertified peripherals is likely

s no responsibil-

ity for any errors that may appear in this documen

B limits may be attached to this computer.

to result in interference to radio and television receptio

This equipment generates and uses radio frequen
cy energy and if not installed and used properly
, that
is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions, may cause interference to radio
and television reception. It has been type tested and found
to comply with the limits for a Class B computi
ng
device in accordance with the specifications
in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which
are designed
to provide
reasonable protection against such interfer

ence in a residential installation. However

is no guarantee that interference will not oceur

, there

in a particular installation. If this equipment
does cause
interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipme
nt off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the followin
g measures:
®

reorient the receiving antenna

move the computer away from the receive

plug the computer into a different outlet so
that computer and receiver are on differen
t branch
circuits.

It necessary, the user should consult the dealer
or an experienced radio/television technician
for additional suggestions. The user may find the followin
g booklet prepared by the Federal Communications
Commission helpful:
How to Identify and Resolve Radio—TV Interfe

rence Problems

This booklet is available from the US Govern
ment Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

The manuscript for this book was created using a
DIGITAL Word Processing System and, via a translation program, was automatically typeset on DIGITAL
’s DECset Integrated Publishing System. Book
production was done by Educational Services
Development and Publishing in Marlboro and
Bedford, MA.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipme

nt Corporation:

@n@nnan
DEC

DECmate
DECsystem-10

DECSYSTEM-20
DECUS

DECwriter

DIBOL

MASSBUS

PDP
P/OS
Professional
Rainbow
RSTS

RSX

UNIBUS

VAX
VMS
VT
Work Processor

Printed in U.S.A.
s

Contents

Preface

Chapter1.

YourRainbow Computer

The Rainbow Computer

Easy-to-Use Components
The Monitor 3
The Keyboard

—

Infroduction

The System Unit 6
The Dual-Diskette Drive

Chapter2.

The Rainbow Keyboard
15

Standard Keys

Editing and Cursor Confrol Keys

Numeric Keypad Keys

Contents

Function Keys 17
Compose Character Sequences
Keyboard Indicator Lights 21

Character Coding 22
Changing the Keyboard/Language

Chapter3.

Selecting Computer Features
Using Set-Up

Infroduction

Entering Set-Up to Change Features
Help

Default Set-Up Values
Tabs Major Heading

29
29

Parameter Settings Major Heading

Modem Major Heading 44
Printer Major Heading 46
Miscellaneous Major Heading
Auto-Boot Major Heading

Saving Set-Up Values

Chapter4.

Recalling Set-Up Values

System Reset

Connecting a Printerto Your
Rainbow Computer

Infroduction

Connecting
a Printer 54
Printer Set-Up Selections 56
Printer Connector Signals

Using the Printer with a Remote Computer
Print Keys

Print Commands

Contents

Chapter5.

Communicating with Another Computer
61

Infroduction

Connecting the Rainbow Computer to a Remote Computer
Changing Rainbow Set-Up Features to Communicate
witha Remote Computer 65
The Modem Protocol Set-Up Feature
Auto-XON/XOFF 70
71

Transmit Break

Communications Connector Signals
Using Terminal Mode 74

Chapter 6.

Rainbow ComputerTests

Diagnostic Tests 77
Internal Diagnostic Test— Selftest
Diskette Diagnostic Test 83

Troubleshooting

Chapter7.

Infroduction 91

Troubleshooting Procedure

Appendix A.

Rainbow Computer Specifications

AppendixB.

Rainbow Messages

Appendix C.

Rainbow Parts List and Reference
Manuals

61
62

Confenfs

AppendixD.

International Language Keyboards

Appendix E.

Compose Sequences

Appendix F.

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

Appendix G.

Options

Appendix H.

Rainbow Control Functions

Glossary

Index

Figures
1.

Rainbow Computer

1-2.

The Monitor

1-3.

TheKeyboard 5
The System Unit 6

1-4.
1-5.

1-6.
1-7.

1-8.
1-9.

-1-10.
1-11.

Removal of Dual-Diskette Drive
System Unit, Back View 8
System Module Removal
System Module 9

Division of System Functions 10
Dual-Diskette Drive 12
Inserting a Protective Card 13

Contents

—
w

2-1.
2-2.

Rainbow Keyboard
Standard Keys 17

2-3.
2-4.

Editing and Cursor Control Keys
Numeric Keypad Keys 18

2-5.
2-6.
2-7.
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.

FunctionKeys 18
Keyboard IndicatorLights 21
Keyboard Selection Menu 23
Set-Up Key Location 26
First Set-Up Display 27
Set-Up Screen Components 27
Set-Up Display—Tabs 30

3-6.

Summary of Parameter Settings

3-5.

16
17

Set-Up Display —Parameter Settings

3-7.

Auto-Screen Blank Phantom Cursor

3-8.

Set-Up Display — Auto-Answerback

3-10.

Set-Up Display —Printer

3-12.

Set-Up Display — Auto-Boot

4-2.

Printer Connector on the System Unit

3-9.

3-11.

4-1.

Set-Up Mode Showing Printer Heading
PrintKeys 59

5-1.
5-2.

Rainbow Computer and Remote Computer
Connection 62
Direct Connection 63

5-4.

Connecting the COMM Cable to the Connector

5-6.

COMM Pin Numbers

5-8.

Standard Keys Used in Terminal Mode

5-9.

Digital’'s Personal Printers

4-4.
4-5.

5-7.

”

Set-Up Display — Miscellaneous

54
Connecting the COMM Cable to the Printer Connector

5-5.

4-3.

5-3.

Set-Up Display —Modem

Telephone Line Connection

Rainbow Main System Menu

Function Keys Used in Terminal Mode

5-10.

Print Keys Used in Terminal Mode

6-2.

Main System Menu with Message

6-4.
6-5.

6-6.

Main SystemMenu

6-1.

6-3.

Connecting the COMM Cable to a Remote Computer Cable

TM
.

Example of a Message Displayed on the Lights at the Back
of the System Unit

Blank Diskettes

Insert Diskettes into Drives

Main Diagnostic Menu

AandB

Vii

Contents
6-7.
6-8.

- 6-9.
B-1.
D-1.
D-2.
D-3.
D-4.
D-5.

D-6.
D-7.

D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
D-11.
D-12.
D-13.
D-14.
D-15.
E-1.
F-1.
F-2.

F-3.
F-4.
F-5.

Drives A and B Test Messages 85
Test Computer Messages 86
Individual Test Menu 87
Example of a Light Display on the Back of the System Unit

104

LK201-AA American (English) Keyboard 130
LK201-AB Belgian/Flemish Keyboard 130

LK201-AC Canadian (French) Keyboard
LK201-AD Danish Keyboard 131
LK201-AE British Keyboard 131
LK201-AF Finnish Keyboard 131
LK201-AG Austrian/German Keyboard
LK201-AH Dutch Keyboard 132
LK201-Al Italian Keyboard 132

130
|

132

|
LK201-AK Swiss (French) Keyboard 133
LK201-AL Swiss (German) Keyboard 133
LK201-AM Swedish Keyboard 133
LK201-AN Norwegian Keyboard 134
LK201-AP Belgian/French Keyboard 134
LK201-AS Spanish Keyboard 134
Compose Sequences 135
Mapping Keyboard to National Replacement Characters
7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations 138
DEC Multinational Character Set (DEC 8-bit) 139
Dutch Character Set (7-bit) 140

F-6.

Finnish Character Set (7-bit) 141
French Canadian Character Set (7-bit)

F-7.

French Character Set (7-bit)

F-8.

German Character Set (7-bit)

F-9.

Italian Character Set (7-bit)

137

142

143

144

F-10.

145
Norwegian/Danish Character Set (7-bit)

F-11.

Spanish Character Set (7-bit)

147

148

146

F-12.

Swedish Character Set (7-bit)

F-13.

Swiss Character Set (7-bit)

F-14.

United Kingdom Character Set (7-bit) 150

149

Vili

Contents

Tables
3-1.

3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
3-6.
4.
4-2.
5-1.
5-2.
5-3.
7-1.
B-1.
B-2.
C-1

C-2.
H-1.

H-2.
H-3.
H-4.
H-S.
H-6.

H-7.

Keys Used to Move Through Set-Up 28
How to Change Tab Stops 31
Lock Mode on the Swiss (German) Keyboard 41
Modem and Printer Data Bits and Parity Selection
Modem Protocols

Rainbow Parts List

126

Baud Rates for Digital’s Personal Printers 48
Printer Data Bits and Parity Selections 57
Printer Connector Signals 58
Communications Protocols 68
Modem Connect Conditions 69
Communications Connector Signals 72
Troubleshooting Procedure 92
Internal Diagnostic Test Messages 105
Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages 119
Reference Manuals 128

Set-Up Features and Modes 162

ANSI-Specified Modes 164
ANSI-Compatible Private Modes 164
Permanently Selected Modes 165
Line Feed/New Line Feature 175
ANSI Cursor Control Key Codes 178
ANSI Keypad Codes 180

Preface

This RainbowTM Owner’s Manual briefly describes the hardware components of
your Rainbow computer and presents the Set-Up features that allow you to
adapt the computer to your needs.

Before réading this manual, use the RainbowTM Installation Guide to help you

install the computer.

The manual is divided into the following chapters and appendices.

—

Chapter 1, Your Rainbow Computer, describes the basic compo-

nents of the Rainbow computer.

e Chapter 2, The #ainbow Keyboard, discusses the different key
groupings and special keyboard features.

Chapter 3, Selec ting Computer Features Using Set-Up, describes
the Rainbow featu res that you can change by using the Set-Up key.

¢
-

Chapter 4, Connecting
a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer,
describes the connections, Set-Up selections, and signals used when you

connect a printer to the Rainbow computer.

Preface

Chapter 5, Communicating with Another Computer, describes
how to connect your Rainbow computer to another computer, which Set-

Up features
to select, and the signals used when communicating with
another computer.
|

Chapter 6, Rainbow Computer Tests, discusses the internal diagnostic tests and-the diskette diagnostic tests that verify that the system is
working correctly.

Chapter 7, Troubleshooting, lists symptoms of problems that may
occur, their possible causes, and the actions you can take to correct them.

Appendix A, Rainbow Computer Specifications, summarizes the
Rainbow computer’s hardware specifications.

Appendix B, Rainbow Messages, lists the messages that may appear
during system and diagnostic testmg and the actions you can take to correct their causes.

Appendix C, Rainbow Parts List and Reference Manuals, lists
user-replaceable parts of the Rainbow and the manuals that refer to the

Rainbow computer.
e

Appendix D, International Language Keyboards, illustrates the
keyboards available in different countries.

Appendix E, Compose Sequences, lists the sequences of keys you
type to compose special characters.

Appendix F, 7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translation, lists the National Replace-—
ment Character (NRC) sets for the different country keyboards.

Appendix G, Options, lists the options available for your Rainbow
‘computer.

Appendix H, Rainbow Control Functions, describes the control and
escape techniques you can use with your Rainbow computer.

At the end of the manual you will find a Glossary and an Index.
The keys on the Rainbow keyboard that are mentioned in text appear in boldface (for example, press the Shift key). Note that
represents the
Return key, and to press

means to hold down the Shift key and

press the A key at the same time. User responses are in color when they

appear in computer dialog.
Xii

sy,

’I

Your Rainbow Computer

The Rainbow Computer
The Rainbow computer, shown in Figure 1-1, consists of the following.
o~

Monitor

Keyboard

System unit

The system unit contains the following.

Dual-diskette drive

Power supply

System module

Fan and switch assembly

Your Rainbow Computer

MONITOR

SYSTEM UNIT

KEYBOARD

Figure 1-1. Rainbow Computer

Easy-to-Use Components
o

The Rainbow computer’s design makes the computer easy to install, comfort-

able to operate, and simple to repair. Digital Equipment Corporation designed
the computer so that conditions that might lead to strain and fatigue are mini-

mized. The computer is also flexible so that you have the freedom to adapt it to
your needs.

The components of the Rainbow computer are light, compact, and portable so

you can place the components in many locations. You can use the optional floor

stand to hold the system unit and keep your work surfaces clear. The keyboard
comes with a 1.8 m (6 ft) cord that lets you place the keyboard anywhere

comfortable.

See Appendix A for a summary of the Rainbow computer’s specifications.

Your Rainbow Computer

The Monitor
The monitor, shown in Figure 1-2, has a video screen that measures 30.5 cm

(12 inches) diagonally and is coated to reduce glare. Fingerprints show up very
1
easily. When necessary, clean the screen with a lint free cloth and a screen

cleaner.

KEYBOARD CABLE CONNECTOR
VIDEO CABLE CONNECTOR

CONTRAST
BRIGHTNESS

—
VIDEO SCREEN

FRONT VIEW

REAR VIEW
FOLDING
HANDLE

Figure 1-2. The Monitor

Video information and the internal connection for the keyboard are supplied by
the moi nitor. The monitor has the following features.
o

2 4-line

X 80- or 132- column display

Jump or smooth scrolling

Double-height characters (by line)

Your Rainbow Computer
Double-width characters (by line)

Normal and reverse video (by character)
Boldface, blinking, and underlined characters (by character)

Dark or light screen background
Auto-screen blanking

Brightness and contrast controls

The Keyboard
The Rainbow keyboard, shown in Figure 1-3, is designed to help you do your

work easily. There are fifteen different language keyboards available for use in

different countries.

The keyboard includes the following extra features.

A low profile that takes up less space.

Keyclicking that sounds as you press the keys. You can adjust the keyclick
‘volume or turn it off.
A keyboard tone generator that produces a margin bell. You can also

adjust the bell volume.

Auto-repeat, a repeated display of all keys you press on the main keypad
array, the numeric keypad, and the function keys.

Keyboard lights that the computer can turn on and off to indicate various

conditions during operation.

A Compose Character key that allows you to generate characters not
shown on the keyboard.

A Set-Up key that allows you to change several Rainbow computer

features.

Your Rainbow Computer

KEYBOARD LABEL STRIP

KEYBOARD CABLE

CABLE SLOT

FEET (OPTIONAL)

Figure 1-3. The Keyboard

Your Rainbow Computer

The System Unit
You can place the system unit, shown in Figure 1-4, horizontally on a desk or
vertically in the optional floor stand. Placing the system unit in the floor stand
gives you more desk space. The system unit contains the following:
e

Dual-diskette drive

Power supply

System module

Fanand switch assembly

SYSTEM UNIT

s o
"y

"
S

o
%

|
N

‘

)

]

|
'POWER SWITCH

DUAL-

DISKETTE
DRIVE

SYSTEM UNIT
IN OPTIONAL
FLOOR STAND

Figure 1-4. The System Unit
The design of the system unit components makes the maintenance and installation of options easy. The system unit’s cover is secured by two cover release
tabs under its sides. You can remove the dual-diskette drive (Figure 1-5) and
the power supply by disconnecting their cables and releasing their latches.

gy,

Your Rainbow Computer

DISCONNECTED
CABLE

Ty,

M?
lwu
L]

L'
M"@

DUAL-DISKETTE
DRIVE

SYSTEM UNIT
WITHOUT
ENCLOSURE

‘‘‘‘‘

PRESS LATCH
Figure 1-5. Removal of Dual-Diskette Drive

The connectors for power and peripheral devices are on the back of the system
unit, shown in Figure 1-6. The unique design of the connectors, which are
labeled as follows, prevents misconnections.

COMM (for an optional communications line)

PRINTER (for the printer cable)

VIDEO (for the monitor cable)

The seven lights on the back of the system unit indicate the source of most
problems that can occur with the computer. These lights provide a backup to
messages displayed on the screen and are useful should the monitor fail.

Your Rainbow Computer

POWER
CONNECTOR

COMMUNICATIONS CONNECTO

TEST LIGHTS

VIDEO CONNECTOR

PRINTER CONNECTOR

Figure 1-6. System Unit,Back View

The System Module

The system module, located inside the system unit, slides out of the back of the
system unit. (See Figure 1-7.)

This module has connectors on it for mounting the RX50 dual-diskette drive
controller board and options such as an additional memory board, an extended
communications board, a color/graphics board, and a controller for a hard disk.

It also has connectors for a communications line, a printer, and video. The system module is made up of electrical components and circuits. (See Figure 1-8.)

The system module uses a Z80®A 8-bit processor coupled with an 8088 16-bit
processor. Computer functions are divided between these two processors as
shown in Figure 1-9. The Z80A processor controls the dual-diskette drive’s
reading and writing of data, while the 8088 processor controls the monitor, the
keyboard, the communications connector, and all options added to the
computer.

There are 128K (131,072) bytes of main memory. (A byte is the amount of
memory required to store one character.) This memory can be expanded by

adding optional memory. The system module also has a 32K byte ROM that
contains diagnostic tests, a bootstrap program, the terminal mode programs,
and language translation. The dual-diskette drive contains auxiliary storage.

Your Rainbow Computer

SYSTEM
MODULE

TURN TO LOOSEN

Figure 1-7. System Module Removal
D1JAL-DISKETTE DRIVE (RX50)
C( JNTROLLER BOARD

OPTION BOARD
LOCATIONS

;

]
;

]
{

SYS TEM MODULE BOARD

Figure 1-8.

System Module'

Your Rainbow Computer
¢

INTERRUPT

128K BYTE

Z80A
PROCESSOR

8-BIT
RANDOM-ACCESS
__|oATA MEMORY
|

BUS

8-BIT
—4{DATA

(62!( BYTES ARE

|
8088
PROCESSOR

BUS

SHARED)

—-l

32K BYTE READ- |
ONLY MEMORY
|

2K BYTE
DEDICATED|

RANDOMACCESS

[

MEMORY

COMM

CONNECTOR
[e———

= -

PRINTER

64K BYTE OR 256K ,

DRIVE

CONTROLLER

—

-——————

]

IEXTENDED
l
---lcomrwumcmnoms'

——

24 LINE
X 80 OR
—

VIDEO DISPLAY

RX50

DISKETTE

DRIVE

CONNECTOR

'L-—

132 COLUMN

DUAL-

: BYTE MEMORY

lf BOARD OPTION

DUALDISKETTE

KEYBOARD

,
4K BYTE

BUTE

JoPTION

e
s e

COLOR/

L —_—

OPTION

o ——
S

GRAPHICS

r——

e
|

eee
- =

HARD DISK

CONTROLLER

————— I

4K BYTE
SCREEN

|
|
|

|
|

Figure 1-9. Division of System Functions

RCD51
HARD DISK
DRIVE

Your Rainbow Computer

Communications Connector
The communications connector (labeled COMM on the back of the system unit)
can be connected, directly or through a modem, to another computer. (Modems
are used to communicate with another computer over a telephone line.) Refer

to Chapter 5, Communicating with Another Computer for information on commumcatmns connections.

Printar Connector
You use the printer connector (labeled PRINTER on the back of the system

unit) to connect a printer to your Rainbow computer. The following three printers are available from Digital Equipment Corporation for its personal

computers.

LLA50 Personal Printer
e

LA100 Letterprinter 100

LQPO2 Letter-Quality Printer
You can also use any other serial printer with the same FCC classification (Class
B) that either supports XON/XOFF synchronization or uses the data terminal
ready (DTR) line to indicate printer availability. (See Chapter 4, Connecting a
Printer to Your Rainbow Computer.)

Video Connector
The video connector (labeled VIDEO on the back of the system unit) connects
the monitor to the system unit.

Your Rainbow Computer

The Dual-Diskette Drive
The Rainbow computer’s compact diskette subsystem consists of:
e

The RX50 controller module, located on the system module

The RX50 dual-diskette drive (see Figure 1-10)

A second (optional) dual-diskette drive.

Figure 1-10. Dual-Diskette Drive
The diskettes provide mass storage, data exchange, and file backup capabilities.
Each drive stores 400K bytes of information on 5 1/4 inch diskettes. You can
add a second dual-diskette drive to the computer to provide additional mass
storage. You can also add a hard disk drive for additional mass storage.
Each drive has two sensors that detect when a diskette is installed. These sensors also look for the notch on the side of the diskette’s protective cover to see

if the diskette is write-protected. If this notch is covered, the drive cannot write
on the diskette.

IMPORTANT
,
The dual-diskette drive comes with a protective card
installed to keep the drive’s carriage stable during
shipment. Save the card and reinstall it every time
you move the system unit or pack it for shipment.
You install the protective card as follows.

Your Rainbow Computer

Open the door of drive A (and drive C, if
present).

Remove any diskette(s) from the drive(s).
Turn on the power and wait for a bell tone to
sound from the keyboard.
Turn off the power.

Insert the protective card into drive A (and drive
C, if present) as shown in Figure 1-11.

Close the door of the drive(s).

Refer to Appendix A for a summary of the dual-diskette drive’s specifications.

zm;,”.

Figure 1-11. Inserting a Protective Card
13

2
The Rainbow Keyboard

Infroduction
The Rainbow keyboard, shown in Figure 2-1, resembles a standard typewriter
keyboard. However, the Rainbow keyboard has additional key groupings that
have special functions when you use an operating system or an application program. For detailed information on how the keys work with your operating system, refer to that operating system’s user’s guide.
The Rainbow keys are divided into four categories.

Standard keys

Editing and cursor control keys

Ngmeric keypad keys

Function keys

The Rainbow Keyboard

KEYBOARD
CABLE

KEYBOARD LABEL STRIP

Figure 2-1. Rainbow Keyboard

Standard Keys
The standard keys, highlighted in Figure 2-2, provide the uppercase and lowercase alphabets, numbers, special characters, and punctuation. The Shift and
Lock keys modify standard key characters. The Lock key locks the Shift key
in position (an electronic operation, not a mechanical one). You know when the
Lock key is in effect because the lock indicator light, located on the top row of
the keyboard, is on. You may choose to have the Lock key affect the other
standard keys as well as the alphabetic keys. See the description about lock
mode in Chapter 3, Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up.

Editing and Cursor Control Keys
You use the editing and cursor control keys, shown in Figure 2-3, in Set-Up to
change screens and move the cursor to a desired position. You previously used
these keys to select your keyboard language. You will also use these keys with
application programs, such as editing programs and so on. Refer to your application program manual for more information on the use of these keys.
16

The Rainbow Keyboard

o IR v N~ I~ )

[{ N

boJoJo)

e Y | N OO

HEEEEEEEEEEEEEs
Il
EEEEEEE

IHEEEEEEEEERERN
{H ”H HEEEEEE Hl L

Figure 2-3. Editing and Cursor Control Keys

Numeric Keypad Keys
The numeric keys, highlighted in Figure 2-4, make certain calculator-like or
number-handling application programs easier to use. You can write application
programs that will redefine these numeric keys.

Function Keys
You use the function keys, highlighted in Figure 2-5, for different types of application programs such as word processing, electronic mail, or accounting spreadsheets. A label strip identifies the function keys located at the top of the
keyboard.

The Rainbow Keyboard
4

‘

S ——
]

e
o

AN R

LU
NN
Lo
e

)

o o o o

U
EEEEEe
e e
e
1t

ENEEEEEEEN

HEEEEEEN

HEEEEEER
HEEEREN

Figure 2-5. Function Keys
A description of those function keys you will use most often follows.

The PF1 through PF4 keys are programmable function keys that are defined
by application programs.

The <X] k’ey, called the delete key, erases the character you just typed.
The Return key performs two functions. When you use it at the end of a command, it tells the operating system to execute a command. When you use it for

entering text and editing purposes, it moves the cursor to the beginning of the
next line.

The Rainbow Keyboard
The Ctrl (control) key, always used in conjunction with certain letter keys,
sends commands to an operating system or application program. To use the
Ctrl key, you press and hold it down while simultaneously pressing the required
letter key.
The Hold Screen key allows you to freeze a display that is currently on the

screen. Pressing the Hold Screen key stops the type from scrolling off the
screen so you can look at it. You press the Hold Screen key again to the
resume scrolling. This also means that the characters you type are not displayed% until you press the Hold Screen key again.
|

The Pirint Screen key causes the printer to print only the text currently on the
screen. You use this key to print short messages when the Rainbowis set up as
a termmal
The S@et~Up key allows you to control various computer features such as printer

and communications settings, margin bell volume, cursor style, screen background, identification messages, auto-repeat, auto-boot, and many more. See
Chaptfer 3, Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up, for details.

The Bireak key disconnects a modem link to a remote computer. In application
programs, you can use the Break key the way the application program has

designed it to be used.

The BS (back space) key moves the cursor back one character and erases it.
The LF (line feed) key tells the operating system that you have finished typing a
command and want the command executed (as the Return key does). The LF
key also indexes to the next line.

~ The Compose Character key initiates compose sequences.
The remaining special function keys are intended to be used with application

programs and are not used at the command level of the operating system.

The Rainbow Keyboard

Compose Character Sequences
Compose character sequences allow you to create and display accented characters, ligatures, numerical fractions, and other special characters that may not be
on your keyboard. There are two forms of compose sequences that you can use
to create and display a character.

Two-key compose sequence

Three-key compose sequence

Two-Key Compose Sequence
A two-key compose sequence uses two keys to create a different character.
For example, on the British keyboard, typing the acute accent key, then typing

E results in a new character: an E with an acute accent.

Note that you do not use the Compose Character kev to create two-key com-

pose sequences. The only keys for which you can use the two-kev compose
sequence are:

Diaeresis/umlaut mark

Acute accent ~

(Graveaccent ~

Circumflex A

Tide

You must type the character key before the letter key in two-key compose
sequences.

NOTE
The two-key compose sequence cannot be used on

the North American (English) keyboard.

Three-Key Compose Sequence
You can use the three-key compose sequence on any keyboard. To start a compose sequence, you press the Compose Character key; then, you press the

]

The Rainbow Keyboard

next two characters of the compose sequence. (See Figure E-1 in Appendix E

for the compose sequences and resulting characters.) For example, if you press
the Compose Character key, the acute accent key, and the letter E in

sequence, the screen displays an E with an acute accent.

The ofider in which you type the characters is important. Certain sequences
have an obvious order — the AE ligature and the 1/4 fraction, for example. In

these e{%xamples, the order may not be reversed. When you compose the E with
an acute accent, you may type either the E or the acute accent after you press
the Compose Character key.
Use the

key if you want to cancel a compose sequence.

Keyboard Indicator Lights
The keyboard has four lights that indicate when you are using a specific function. See Figure 2-6.

Hold Screen

[/
| e

Lock

Compose

Wait

BN
EEEEEEEEEEE
(TTTTTTITTTTTITT
INEEEEEEEEEEEn
ATITTTTITIITTT

N
O

Figure 2-6. Keyboard Indicator Lights

The Rainbow Keyboard
These lights can also indicate error conditions; in which case all four lights flash.
The lights have the following meanings when they are on.

Light

Meaning

Hold Screen

You pressed the Hold Screen key. You cannot add new data to the monitor’s screen until you press Hold Screen again.

Lock

You pressed the Lock key, enabling uppercase lock mode.

Compose

You pressed the Compose Character key and are in a compose
sequence.

Wait

Keyboard transmission has been temporarily stopped by the computer. If
this light is on, any additional characters you type are lost, and the keyboard
beeps once for each key you press.

Character Coding

Digital has extended standard ASCII coding to introduce the DEC Multinational
Character set. This set gives a uniform coding for all characters used in most
European languages. It also adds characters such as ¢, ©, V4, and Y. The full
set i1s shown in Appendix F. To represent these extra characters, Digital uses 8

bits (standard ASCII uses 7 bits). Digital’s Multinational Character set is an
extension of, and fully compatible with, the ASCII codes generally used in North

America.

European countries (and French Canada) also define modifications to ASCII
codes that replace certain ASCII characters with some of the extra characters in
use in their language. These codes are known as National Replacement Character (NRC) codes. They use 7 bits to code each character. These code sets can
differ from the ASCII codes in up to twelve positions. They are listed in Appendix F.
The Rainbow computer allows you to choose either Digital’s 8-bit Multinational

Character set, or the 7-bit National Replacement Character set associated with
your keyboard. See Chapter 3, Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up, for

detalils.

iy,

The Rainbow Keyboard

Cha nging the Keyboard/Language
When you first turned on your Rainbow computer, you made a keyboard selec-

tion. To change this selection to match another keyboard, first, change the SetUp setting for the keyboard to 0 (not selected) as explained in Chapter 3,
Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up. Then, to save the selection value

type: (Ghivs
). To reset the computer, type:

(Cwi/Setup) .

You will see the Keyboard Selection Menu on the screen. Follow the
Instruc tions on the screen to select a keyboard.

Your R ainbow computer will support all 15 country and language variant keyboards manufactured by Digital. On the keyboards shown in the top portion of
the me nu (Figure 2-7), the language in which the Main System Menu, diagnostic
messages, Set-Up, and tests appear will match the keyboard (e.g., French for
the Fre nch, Swiss French, and French Canadian keyboards). On keyboards
shown in the lower portion, this text will be in English. You can purchase different var iations of the computer to cover all the different language variations.
7~

Rainbow
United

100

States/Canada

Canada (Frangais)

{:][::][:]

Deutschland/tsterreich
France/Belgique

Press

Schweiz

choose

SELECT

keyboard

Suisse
United
|

’

elgium

Denmark

Finland

Kingdom
’

(Flemish)

Use

up/down

arrows

move

cursor

Utilisez les touches fl&chées
pour

déplacer

curseur

D.D
¢

Holland

Italy

Bewegen

Sie

Norway

mit

Pfeiltasten

den

die

Schreibmarke
®

and

Spain
Sweden

Figure 2-7. Keyboard Selection Menu

ity

Selecting Computer Features
Using Set-Up

Infroduction
Set-Up allows you to control various features of the Rainbow computer. Some
of the features that you can set include the following.
|

Tab stops

Transrmt and receive speeds to match those of your printer

%%ransmit and receive speeds to match those of any communications
device attached to the computer
.

N umber of characters displayed across the monitor (screen width)

. Cursor style (block or underline)
o Screen background (dark or light)
o @utomatic repeating of keyboard keys
.

Margm bell and bell volume

Keyclick feature and its volume

. Answerback message for identification on a communications line
. Auto-»booting from the diskette drive of your choice
o Keyboard language selection
25

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Entering Set-Up to Change Features
When you press the Set-Up key, highlighted in Figure 3-1, the computer enters

Set-Up mode and displays the first Set-Up screen, shown in Figure 3-2 and

Figure 3-3. In Set-Up, the Set-Up display temporarily replaces the text on your
screen; however, it does not erase any of your text. You press the Set-Up key

to exit from Set-Up and to make the Rainbow computer display your original
text again. If you enter Set-Up while text is scrolling, the text stops scrolling
until you exit Set-Up.

mususnsssssssglinasll

Lo
L

EEEEEREREER
e

er e
|

]

bty

‘

Lt
Mol

Figure 3-1. Set-Up Key Location

Set-Up features are divided into areas of common use called major headings.
There are six major headings in the Rainbow computer, each having a different
display. Each major heading has a number of selections, called minor headings,
that you can change. The major headings and the number of selections in each
are as follows.

Major Heading

Number of Selections
(Minor Headings)

Tabs
Parameter Settings
Modem
Printer
Miscellaneous

Auto-Boot

Selecting Compu’rer Features Using Set-Up
—

)

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS

"SET-UPTM

"HELP"

RESET

TYPE

«CTRL/SET-UP)>

04.03L

128K

1234567890 greRilopac el 123456 7890

rgeRRN-WLN]1 234567890 LI

LTl 23456 7890 flacRT-FEET]

Figure 3-2. First Set-Up Display

(SET-UP
VERSION NUMBER AND

LANGUAGE KEYBOARD|
‘

IDENTIFICATION

[0 EXIT PRESS SET-up

PRESS

“HELP"

TO RESET TYPE

04.03L

MEMORY SIZE

128K

+
NAME OF MAJOR

. TABS

HEADING
T

CURSOR AT
TAB SETTING

Figure 3-3. Set-Up Screen Components

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
After you press the Set-Up key, you use the Next Screen or Prev Screen
key to move from one major heading to another. Once you select a major heading, you use the - or « key to move through its minor headings, parameters, or
tab settings.

The minor heading you select is displayed in reverse video; a tab setting is displayed as a T character in a cursor position. You use the T or | key to move
through the values of each minor heading. Table 3-1 outlines the keys you must
use to move through Set-Up.
A

Table 3-1. Keys Used to Move Through Set-Up
Key Used

Result
B

(Next Screen )

Moves from one major heading to another

( Prev Screen )

Moves from one minor heading to another
within a major heading

)

Selects a minor heading

orne

Help
While in Set-Up, if you press the Help key, a help message displays on the
screen. This help message is a quick reminder of how to change the settings in
Set-Up. Pressing the Help key again returns you to your current major heading. You cannot make any changes until you exit Help.

28
LT

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Default Set-Up Values

| ~

When your computer was delivered from the factory, its Set-Up features were

these values as described in the following sections. If you do change some val-

set to specific values called default values. Sometimes, you may need to change
_

ues and then would like to recall these default values, type:

default values are not automatically saved, they are just loaded into the tempo-

rary operating memory.

. The

NOTE
Recalling the default Set-Up values also recalls the

default communications baud rates, data bits, and

parity for both the COMM connector and the
PRINTER connector.

CAUTION
,

Recalling the default Set-Up values erases any text
-

that was on the screen before you entered Set-Up.

Tabs Major Heading

When you enter Set-Up, you are in the Tabs major heading, shown in Figure 3-4.

While viewing the Tabs Set-Up screen, you can:
Switch the computer between line and local mode operations

Change tab stop settings
Move to the next major setting by pressing the Next Screen key
Return to a previous major heading by pressing the Prev Screen key.

NOTE
The number 04.03L shown in the Set-Up screens is
the version number and language keyboard identification of the computer. Your version number and keyboard identification may be different.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

f’
SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS

“SET-UuPTM

"HELPTM

RESET

TYPE

«CTRL/SET-UP»

04.03L
128K

TABS

1234567890 [FREEELEED]

23456 7890 (EEREEEREED' 23456 7890 (EEEEEREER

23456 7890 (EEREREED |

Figure 3-4.

Set-Up Display — Tabs

Local and Line

The local and line mode feature applies to using your Rainbow computer as a
terminal. If you select line mode, your computer can communicate with other
devices, such as a remote computer.

If you select local mode and then exit Set-Up, the characters of the keys you
press on the keyboard will be displayed on the screen but will not be transmit-

ted to the remote computer. Similarly, characters transmitted from the remote

computer will not be displayed on the screen while the computer is in local

mode.
O

While in Set-Up, you can change this feature by typing L.
PIBSS

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Tab Stops
The numbers across the middle of the Tabs Set-Up display represent columns
on the screen in which you can type characters. There are either 80 or 132 pos-

sible character positions, depending on the screen-width setting. The T's indicate the current tab stop settings. To change the tab settings, follow the

instructions in Table 3-2.

CAUTION
If you switch between 80 and 132 columns while cre-

ating or editing a document, your original screen contents will be lost.

Table 3-2. How to Change Tab Stops
Purpose
To clear all tab stops

To move the cursor to a new setting

Action
-

Press

Press space bar, «, -,

, Or

Tab

To set or clear the new tab stopsTM

Press T or the 1T and | keys

To save the new tab stops

Press

To use the original factory (default)
tab stops

Press

*To set more than one tab stop, repeat the second and third steps.

Parameter Settings Major Heading
From the Tabs major heading, you press the Next Screen key to get to the
Parameter Settings (Param Set) major heading. On the Parameter Settings display, shown in Figure 3-5, you will see the following.
¢

The current values (0s and 1s) of all the minor heading features within

Parameter Settings

AUV

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS
TO

PRESS

SET-UP

"HELP"TM

RESET

TYPE

<«CTRL/SET-UP>

04.03L

MAJOR HEADING

128K

MINOR HEADING

1 ECRN 1100 RETEN 1011 REREN 100
1 BRI

VALUES OF

| itmmm SET

NAME OF

MINOR HEADING

———[B>CROLL
0

VALUE CHOICES _—1%.

AND MEANINGS

SIS

Jump

Figure 3-5. Set-Up Display — Parameter Settings

The name of the currently referenced minor heading feature

The value choices and meanings of the parameters

Figure 3-6 summarizes the selections possible and shows their default values.

To change the value of a minor heading, you press the 1 or | key. To proceed
to the next minor heading, you press the » key. To return to a previous minor
heading, you press the « key. To return to the first minor heading, you press
the Return key.

Various operating systems need certain selections set to specific values. Refer
to the user’s guide for that operating system.

The following paragraphs describe the parameter settings.

NO=1 IN=L 3A0W 1002€=L1 , L

NIOHVIN17138w-=lN0LN3ILX3]=1N3YO0S1IN4d_AV13d=123Sz(SN

H|=LOWSNyzolwB.=1NO
Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
RO

Scroll
Scroll applies to the upward and downward movement of lines of text on the
screen to make room for new lines. You can choose either jump or smooth

scroll.

With jump scroll, the characters on the screen advance upward a full line of
characters at a time, and new lines of characters are added at the bottom of the
screen. With smooth scroll, the lines of text on the screen advance one-tenth of

a line (one scan line) at a time. Smooth scrolling increases your ability to read

new data as you receive it. You can set a limit on the smooth scroll rate in the
Misc(ellaneous) major heading. A scroll rate setting of 1, 2, or 3 represents 3,
6, or 12 lines per second, respectively.

The default is smooth scroll. If you want to change the default, press the t key
to change the 1 to a 0 (from smooth scroll to jump scroll).

Comrrespondence/Data Processing
Keyboard
Most keys on the Rainbow keyboard have either one or two characters labeled
on them. When you press the Shift key, the upper character is displayed on the
screen. Some keys on keyboards used in countries other than the United States
and Australia have keys with three or four characters labeled on them. On these
keyboards, you can choose which characters you want to display on the screen

as follows. The default is correspondence.

Set-Up Selection

Keyboard Characters Used

Correspondence

Characters labeled on the left side of the key cap

Data Processing

Characters labeled on the right side of the key cap

S50

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Screen Width
This parameter allows you to select the monitor’s screen width, either 80 or
132 columns. The number of characters that the computer can display in each
screen width are as follows. The default is 80 columns.

Screen Width

Single-Width

Double-Width

Characters

132

CAUTION

Changing the screen width erases the data displayed
on the screen before you entered Set-Up. You
should not change the screen width setting while creating or editing a file.

Cursor

This parameter setting allows you to choose between two cursor displays: a
blinking underline (_) or a blinking block ([]). The default setting is the blinking
block cursor.

Emulation

The emulation selection allows you to choose the style of character strings for
special control functions. If you choose VT52, the Rainbow computer transmits
and responds to character strings like a VT52 video terminal. If you choose
ANSI, the computer transmits and responds to character strings according to
the format established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
The default is ANSI.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Auto-Repeat
When enabled, the auto-repeat feature allows you to repeat a character automatically when you hold down its key for more than one-half second. You can

choose to have this feature on or off. All keys auto-repeat except the Shift,
Lock, Ctrl, and Compose Character keys. Keys within a compose sequence
and keys F1 through F5 also do not auto-repeat. The default setting is on.

Screen
The screen setting allows you to choose a dark or light background. The dark
setting shows light characters on a dark background. The light setting shows

dark characters on a light background. The default is dark.

Margin Bell
The margin bell setting allows you the choice of hearing a bell when the cursor
moves past the eighth character position from the end of the line or no bell at all.

You can adjust the bell volume under the Miscellaneous major heading. The
default is off.

Keyclick
The keyclick setting allows you the choice of hearing a clicking sound when you
press a key fully or no sound at all. You can adjust the keyclick volume under

the Miscellaneous major heading. The default is on.

Auto-Wrap
With auto-wrap set to on (1), the computer automatically places any displayable
character received, when the cursor is at the right margin, at the beginning of

the next line. Text will scroll up if needed. With auto-wrap set to off (0), any

character trying to print past the right margin writes over the last character
position on that line. In terminal mode, this feature should be set to match the
remote computer. The default 1s off.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

New Line Mode
In line feed (LF) mode, a received line feed performs a cursor index to the same
character position on the next line. Pressing the Return key sends the carriage
return code only. In new line (NL) mode, a received line feed will cause the cursor to move to the beginning of the next line. Pressing the Return key causes
the transmission of both a carriage return and a line feed code. The default is
line feed (LF).

Default Character Set
The default character set parameter allows you to set your computer to

USASCII (0) or UK (1). If you choose USASCII, the computer transmits codes
that agree with the American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCID). These codes are standard for printers and communications devices so
they can transfer information using common codes to represent characters.
When you set this parameter to UK (1), the code for the # symbol, on reception only, causes display of the British pound sign (£). The default is USASCII.

Auto-Screen Blank

This setting allows you to enable auto-screen blank. If you set this feature to on
(the default condition), the computer turns the text on the screen off after about
30 minutes of not receiving characters. The computer displays a blinking phantom cursor, shown in Figure 3-7, on the screen to indicate that it is still on. To
redisplay the data you had on the screen, you press the Shift key. The Shift
key has no meaning to a program. (This is important because the program may
have been waiting for a response from you before the screen went blank.)
Power
The power setting allows you to match the monitor’s screen refresh rate with
the power line frequency. In North America, 60 Hz is common; 50 Hz 1s common in other countries. A setting that does not match the local line frequency
can cause a screen that flickers. The default is 60 Hz.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Figure 3-7. Auto-Screen Blank Phantom Cursor

Local Echo
This setting allows you to set local echo to on (except in Set-Up) so that all keys
you type display on the screen and transmit to the remote computer. You

should enable this feature if the remote computer is not displaying the characters you type. When you set this feature to off, the computer transmits all keys
you type to the remote computer but does not display them on the screen.

When not in terminal mode, the operating system of the Rainbow computer displays the characters you type on the screen. The default is off.

Transmit Break

When you enable transmit break and press the Break key, the system places a
space signal on the transmit data line. If the terminal is not transmitting, the

system will not send any signal. Also, the system will not send a space signal

when you press the Break key if this selection is disabled. The default is
enable.

p—

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
NOTE
Disabling the transmit break function does not affect
a Csnitvereak ) which causes the modem line to disconnect, or a Ccwereak ) which sends the answerback message on the transmit data line.

Modem Stop Bits
The modem stop bits selection allows you to place one or two stop bits at the

end of each character’s data pattern. Normally, you use one stop bit with baud
rates higher than 110, and two stop bits with baud rates of 110 and lower. The
default is one bit.

Print Termination Character
You should enable the print termination character setting only if you want to use
your computer as a terminal. This selection allows you to determine if a form
feed (FF) character is to be sent automatically to the printer at the end of every
print screen function. The default is form feed.

Print Extent
This selection applies only to terminal mode. It allows you to determine the
characters that will be printed during a print screen operation. When you set the
feature to full screen, all characters on the screen print. When you set the fea-

ture to scroll region, only the characters in the scroll region print. The scroll

region is the screen area between the top and bottom margins. Normally, the
remote computer selects the margins; if it does not, all characters on the screen
are printed. The default is full screen.

Auto-XON/XOFF
This setting allows you to enable auto-XON/XOFF. If you set auto-XON/XOFF
to on, the Rainbow computer will automatically be synchronized to a remote
|

computer that uses XON and XOFF control signals. When the Rainbow computer receives more characters than it can handle, it automatically sends an XOFF

control character to the remote computer, which tells it to stop sending data.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
When the Rainbow computer can accept more data, it sends an XON control

character to tell the remote computer to resume data transmission. Also, on
reception of an XOFF signal, the Rainbow computer stops sending data to the
remote computer. On receipt of an XON signal, the Rainbow computer resumes

sending data. The default is on.

Received Character Parity
s,

The received character parity setting allows you to have the computer check for
errors in the data patterns of received characters. For example, if the remote
computer sends an even number of data pulses for even parity, but the Rainbow
computer does not receive an even number of pulses, the computer does not

display the character; instead, it displays the substitution character = .

When you set this selection to ignore, the Rainbow computer does not check for
parity errors in received characters. The default is check.

Auto-Answerback
The auto-answerback feature applies only to terminal mode. If you choose to
enable this setting, the Rainbow computer automatically transmits its answer-

back message when a telephone connection is made. (See “Answerback Message” on page 42.) When you set this feature to disable, no message is sent.

The default is disable.

Disconnect Character Use

The disconnect character use selection applies only to terminal mode. If you
choose to enable this setting and the Rainbow computer receives a disconnect

character, it will disconnect the telephone line. (See Chapter 4, Connecting a

Printer to Your Rainbow Computer, for additional information.) Typing CShitvereak )
sends a disconnect character on the transmit data line. The default is

disable.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Disconnect Delay
The disconnect delay selection applies only to terminal mode. It allows you to

select either a 60 ms delay (typical in the United Kingdom) or a 2 second delay
(typical in the United States and other countries) after disconnecting the telephone line before accepting any incoming call. The default is 2 seconds.

NOTE
Disconnect delay is active only for FDXB and FDXC
modem protocols. This selection is ignored by FDXA
modem protocol.

Lock Mode
The lock mode setting allows you to choose how you want the Lock key to be

used. If you select caps lock, the alphabetic keys you type will generate their

shifted characters and the numeric keys will remain unchanged. If you select
shift lock, all the keys you type will generate their shifted characters. The
default is caps.

Many foreign keyboards generate a different set of characters depending on
how lock is set. Table 3-3 shows an example of how lock mode affects the Swiss

(German) keyboard.

Table 3-3. Lock Mode on the Swiss (German) Keyboard

Selection

Lock Key

Shift Key

Character
Generated

Off

Caps
Lock

Off
On
On

On
Off
On

a
A
A

Off
Off
On

Off
On
Off

a
A
a

Shift
Lock

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
ARSI

Keyboard
The keyboard selection allows you to choose another keyboard language. When
set to not selected, you can choose a different language from the Keyboard

Selection Menu. Once you choose your language, the setting automatically
returns to selected. Selecting a keyboard is explained in Chapter 2, The Rain-

bow Keyboard. The default is not selected.

Character Codes
This setting allows you to select the DEC Multinational Character set or the

National Replacement Character (NRC) set. In terminal mode, when you set
this feature to 0, the system uses the DEC Multinational Character set (see
Appendix F). This set has 256 characters and uses 8 bits to code each character. When you set this feature to 1, the system uses the National Replacement

Charaeter set that corresponds to your keyboard (see Appendix F). This set
has 128 characters and uses 7 bits (default) to code each character.

If you use the Compose Character key to compose a character not in your
National Replacement Character set, the keyboard bell rings and no character

displays.
S,

Answerback Message
This feature allows you to store an answerback message in the computer while
you are 1n any of the major headings. (The computer remembers your current
major heading.) You start by typing

. The computer responds by dis-

playing AUTO-ANSBK and A = on the screen, as shown in Figure 3-8. Next,
you type a delimiter, which may be any character, followed by your message of
up to 20 characters. (The delimiter is not sent as part of the message.) The

default is disable.
Example:
P,

A =

\HELLO [@ PLEASE LOGINY
A

delimiter
control code

delimiter

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

)

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS
TO

PRESS

"SET-upP"

'"HELP"TM

RESET

TYPE

«CTRL/SET-UP>

04.03L
128K

AUTO-ANSBK

Figure 3-8. Set-Up Display — Auto-Answerback

NOTE
You may use control characters, such as the Return
key, in an answerback message. A control character

is echoed on the screen as a reverse-videoassociated ASCII character. For example, a bell is a
reverse-video G for (Cewic
) a

IS reverse-

video M.

The answerback message automatically ends after you enter the 20th character. You can end the message before the 20th character by typing the same

delimiter you started with. This will also return you to your current major
heading.

You can correct an error in your message only by exiting answerback, reentering, and retyping the message. Beginning a message with two identical characters erases the message. To save the answerback message along with the other
parameters, you type Cshif/s)

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

You cannot display the saved answerback message once it is stored in memory.
Your Rainbow computer transmits the answerback message to the remote com-

puter when it receives an ENQ control code from the remote computer or an
application. While in terminal mode, you can transmit the message by typing
( Ctri/Break ) .

Modem Major Heading
The Modem major heading, Figure 3-9, allows you to set the features of the

communications (COMM) connector that is on the back of the system unit. This
connector allows you to attach a communications cable to a telephone modem or
to a remote computer. You get to the Modem major heading from the Param-

eter Settings major heading by pressing the Next Screen key.
G

Remember, you can change a minor heading by pressing the - or « key, and
change the value of a minor heading by pressing the t or | key.

IS,

Changing Modem Data Bits and Parity
(DATA B/P)
This minor heading determines two separate but related communications features — data bits and parity. Information travels on the communications line
according to a data pattern. The pattern begins with a start bit. The DEC Multinational Character set uses 8 bits; the National Replacement Character set
uses 7 bits. This selection determines if the computer is to use 7 or 8 data bits
for each character and the type of parity to be used, as listed in Table 3-4. You
press the T or | key to change the value to the selection you need.

Sefting the Transmit Baud Rate (XMT BAUD)
This minor heading determines the baud rate, the speed at which characters are
transmitted by the Rainbow computer. This setting must match the receive
speed of the remote computer. You press the T or | key to cycle through the
following transmit baud rates.
50,

75,

110,

134.5,

150,

200,

300,

4800,

9600,

1200,
o

1800,

2000,

2400,

3600,

19200

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

)

SET-UP
TO

PRESS

EXIT

"SET-UP®

*HELP"TM

PRESS

TO RESET

«CTRL/SET-UP>

TYPE

04.03L
128K

MODEM

ED}- pata B/P
9600

XMT

BAUD

9600

RCV

BAUD

FDXA

PROTOCOL

Figure 3-9. Set-Up Display — Modem

Table 3-4. Modem and Printer Data Bits and Parity Selection
Characters
Displayed

Data Bits
per Character

Odd

Even

No parity

Mark

Space

Odd

Even

No parity

Type of Parity
upon Transmission

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Setting the Receive Baud Rate (RCV BAUD)
This minor heading determines the receive baud rate, the speed of the characters coming from the communications line as expected by the Rainbow comput-

er. This speed must be set to match the transmit speed of the remote computer. You press the T or { key to cycle through the available receive baud rates,

which are the same as the choices listed for the transmit baud rate. You can set

a receive baud rate different from the transmit baud rate as long as the remote
computer is set to match these different rates.

Setting Protocol
The rules for communications, the signals used, and how the signals are interpreted all form the communications protocol. The protocol minor heading determines the method used to disconnect a telephone line. You press the 1 or | key
to cycle through the available modem protocols, listed in Table 3-5. The modem

protocols are explained in more detail in Chapter 5, Communicating with

Another Computer.
Table 3-5. Modem Protocols
Characters
Displayed
FDXA

Modem Protocol Selected
Full-duplex, no modem (data leads only) with or without auto-XON/XOFF

control

FDXB

Full-duplex, full modem control with or without auto-XON/XOFF control

FDXC

Asymmetrical full-duplex with modem control (requires a special cable)

Printer Major Heading

The Printer major heading, Figure 3-10, allows you to set the communications
settings for the PRINTER connector that is on the back of the system unit. This
connector allows you to connect a printer, such as Digital’s LA50 Personal

Printer, LA100 Letterprinter 100, or LQP02 Letter-Quality Printer, to your

Rainbow computer. You must set the communications settings of the printer
connector to match the settings on your printer.

46
A

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS
TO

PRESS

"“SET-upP"TM

"HELP"TM

RESET

TYPE

<«CTRL/SET-UP>

04.03L
128K

PRINTER

4800

DATA

XMT/RCV

B/P

BAUD

Figure 3-10. Set-Up Display — Printer

Setting Printer Data Bits and Parity
This minor heading selects the data bits per character for the printer and the

parity of the data pattern. You press the 1 or 1 key to cycle through the available selections, listed in Table 3-4. Stop when the computer displays the selection you need. Your selection must match the settings on your printer.

Sefting Printer Transmit/Receive Baud
Rate
Once you select the transmit/receive baud rate minor heading, you press the 1
or 1 key to cycle through the following baud rates. Stop when the displayed
baud rate matches the baud rate set on your printer.
75,

150,

300,

600,

1200,

2400,

4800,

9600

Table 3-6 lists the range of baud rates for the printers.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up
Table 3-6. Baud Rates for Digital’s Personal Printers

—

Printer

Factory Set
Baud Rate

Available
Range

LAS50 Personal Printer

4800

110 to 4800

LA100 Letterprinter 100

4800

50 to 9600

LQPO02 Letter-Quality Printer

4800

110 to 9600

Miscellaneous Major Heading
You press the Next Screen key to get to the Miscellaneous (Misc) major heading, Figure 3-11, from the Printer major heading. You use this heading to select
the scroll rate for smooth scrolling, the keyboard bell volume, and the keyclick
volume. You may set each of these as you prefer.
s,

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS

—

"SET-UP*

"HELP"

RESET

TYPE

<«CTRL/SET-UP)»

04.03L
A

128K

MISC

SCROLL

BELL

CLICK

RATE

VOL

o
|

vOL

Figure 3-11. Set-Up Display — Miscellaneous
o

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Scroll
The Rainbow smooth scroll speeds are 3.6 or 12 lines per second (Ips). Set the

digit to 1 for 3 Ips; to 2 for 6 Ips; or to 3 for 12 Ips. There are no selections for
jump scroll.

Bell Volume
The bell volume adjusts the bell tone for the margin bell and the bell that sounds

when you turn on the Rainbow computer. You choose a number, 1 through 8 (8
being the loudest), to indicate the bell volume. After each new volume selec-

tion, the bell sounds to indicate the volume adjustment level.

Keyclick Volume
You adjust keyclick volume by setting the digit to 1 through 8 (8 being the loudest). After you select the volume, press the keys on the keyboard to check the
new volume level.

Auto-Boot Major Heading
You press the Next Screen key to access the Auto-Boot major heading (Figure
3-12) from the Miscellaneous major heading. This Set-Up feature allows you to
choose a specific diskette drive to automatically start from when you turn on or
reset your Rainbow computer. If you do not select a diskette drive, you will see

the Main System Menu when you turn on the Rainbow computer. Use the 1 or
I key to select the available diskette drive for your auto-boot devices. This can
be a diskette drive (A, B, C, D) or a hard (Winchester) disk drive (W).
Type

to save the selection.

Insert an operating system diskette in the selected drive.
Press

and (cw/setup) to reset the computer.

If you select a drive from which to automatiéally start, but forget to put an operating system diskette in that drive, you will see the Main System Menu and a
drive not ready message.

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

SET-UP
A

EXIT

PRESS
TO

PRESS

“SET-UPY

'HELP*"TM

RESET

TYPE

<«CTRL/SET-UP>

04.03L
128K

AUTO-BOOT

‘ = drive

m——

Figure 3-12. Set-Up Display — Auto-Boot

Saving Set-Up Values
IMPORTANT
To save the values you have selected in Set-Up, hold
down the Shift key and type S. This action places
the values you select in a memory that stores them

for the computer when you turn the power off and on.
.

Recalling Set-Up Values
If you do not save the Set-Up values, the computer uses the new values
temporarily until you:

Change the Set-Up features again
Turn off the computer

Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up

Recall the original features by typing

Run an application program that changes the features.

You can make temporary changes as often as you like, but the computer returns
to its initial state whenever you turn off the power unless you save the changes
by typing
. If you wish to return the computer to its original state without turning off the computer power, you can execute the Set-Up recall operation. To do this in Set-Up, you type (Shit/R
)

CAUTION
The recall operation erases any text that was on the
screen before you entered Set-Up.

System Reset
While in Set-Up, you hold down the Ctrl key and press the Set-Up key to perform a system reset. The computer performs a brief selftest of its main memory, recalls its Set-Up features, and displays its Main System Menu (or automatically starts from the drive you selected with the Auto-Boot major heading).
If there is a problem and you can still operate the computer in one of its operating modes, either as a terminal or as a personal computer (but not both), the
computer displays a message on the screen above the Main System Menu.
If only a message displays with no menu, you must find and correct the problem
before continuing. See Appendix B for a list of messages and corrective actions.

OIS

AP,

Connecting a Printer to
Your Rainbow Computer

Infroduction
Digital Equipment Corporation offers you a choice of three printers for your
Rainbow computer. Figure 4-1 illustrates these.

- o o o

a o Dv /

\\ PRINTER
v,

LQOPO02 LETTER-QUALITY PRINTER

LA100 LETTERPRINTER 100

Figure 4-1. Digital’s Personal Printers

353

Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer

These printers accept various types of paper, including fan-fold paper, multipart
forms, roll paper, labels, and your own office stationery.

Each printer is easily connected to your Rainbow computer. Other serial printers with the same FCC rating can also be connected to the Rainbow computer.

(See the notice on this manual’s copyright page.)
The LA50 Personal Printer and the LA100 Letterprinter 100 can print the DEC

Multinational Character set. Other Digital printers do not print foreign
characters.

Connecting a Printer

You can connect each of these three printers to your Rainbow computer in three
easy steps. The printer connector (labeled PRINTER) is a D-type, 25-pin,

female connector on the back of the Rainbow system unit (Figure 4-2).
e

ST,

Figure 4-2.

Printer Connector on the System Unit

Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer
rn off the computer by setting the power switch on the system unit to O.

Connect one end of the printer cable to the printer connector on the system unit and tighten the thumbscrews (Figure 4-3).

Connect the other end of the printer cable to the back of the printer and
tighten the thumbscrews.

To complete the installation of your prifiter, refer to your printer’s installation
.-

manual.

SYSTEM UNIT

TURN THUMBSCREWS TO TIGHTEN

Figure 4-3. Connecting the COMM Cabile to the Printer Connector

Connéc‘ring a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer
Printer Set-Up Selections

You can change the following selections in the Rainbow computer for different
types of printers.

Number of data bits per character — 7 or 8

Parity
— odd (O), even (E), mark (M), space (S), or none (N)

Transmit/receive speed (baud rate)

Changing Data Bits and Parity
To change data bits and parity, turn on the Rainbow computer and wait until you
see the Main System Menu. Press the Set-Up key, then press the Next
Screen key until you see the PRINTER heading shown in Figure 4-4.

SET-UP
TO

EXIT

PRESS

"SET-UP*"

*"HELP"

RESET

TYPE

«CTRL/SET-UP>

04.03L

128K

PRINTER

BN - oate B/p
4800

XMT/RCV

BAUD

Figure 4-4. Set-Up Mode Showing Printer Heading

Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer
Digital Equipment Corporation’s personal printers are enabled for eight data bits
and no parity (8N). If you have a different printer, refer to its user’s guide to

check the settings; then, change the setting in your Rainbow computer to match
that of your printer. Use the T or { key to change the setting. Other possible

settings are listed in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. Printer Data Bits and Parity Selections
Setting

Data Bits

Parity

Mark

Space

Odd

Even

Odd

Even

None

Changing Transmit/Receive Speed
(Baud Rate)
To change the transmit/receive speed, press the = key to select the transmit/

receive baud rate (XMT/RCV BAUD). The rate’s current setting displays in
reverse video on the screen. If you are using a printer other than one mentioned
in this manual, check the printer’s user’s guide to find its standard transmit and
receive speed. Press the 1 or | key to change this setting to match that of the

printer. The following baud rates are supported.
75,

150,

Press

300,

600,

1200,

2400,

4800,

9600

to save these selections. Then, exit Set-Up by pressing the

key again.

Connecting a Printer to Your Raintbow Computer

Printer Connector Signals
The signals on the printer connector (Figure 4-2) meet the following standards.

Electronic Industry Association (EIA) standard RS-423 and RS-232-C

(onsolidated Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph
(CCITT), recommendation V.28

Table 4-2 lists the printer connector signals and their pin assignments. The
table does not list the signals and pins the Rainbow computer does not use.

Table 4-2. Printer Connector Signals
Pin
1

Signal

Name

CCITI/EIA

Description

Protective Ground

PROT

101/AA

Chassis ground; ac power cord ground.

GND

Transmitted Data
(Input)

TXD

103/BA

Data transmitted from the printer to
the Rainbow computer.

Received Data

RXD

104/BB

Data received by the printer from the

(Output)

Rainbow computer.

Clear to Send

CTS

106/CB

Always on.

Data Set Ready

DSR

107/CC

Upon power-up, the Rainbow
computer turns this signal on.

Signal Ground

SGND

102/AB

Common ground for all signals.

Data Terminal Ready ¥ DTR

108.2/CD

Indicates printer status. If printer turns
off DTR, the Rainbow stops sending
characters to the printer. When the

printer turns on DTR, the Rainbow
sends characters to the printer.

Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer

Using the Printer with a Remote
Computer
If you use a printer when your Rainbow computer is connected to a remote
computer, you may also need to change the following Set-Up features. (Refer to
the remote computer’s user’s guide for the required information.)
Printer Communications Settings for the Rainbow Computer
Major Heading

Minor Heading

Parameter

New Line Mode

Printer

Data Bits/Parity
Transmit/Receive Baud Rates

Print Termination Character

Print Keys
Figure 4-5 illustrates the keys that control printing when you are using your
Rainbow computer as a terminal.

Figure 4-5. PrintKeys

Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer

Print Commands
You use two commands to send text to a printer when you are using the Rainbow computer as a terminal.

.‘

Print Screen
You press the Print Screen key after you type your text to have the printer
print only the text currently on the screen. You can use this command for printing short letters or memos.

Ctrl/Print Screen
To print a complete file, you use the Ctrl key and the Print Screen key
-

together. To do this, follow the steps below.

Type in a command to display a file on the screen.
Press (ctri/print Screen ),

Press (Rewm)), [This step assumes that you have set the New Line

feature to 1 (New Line).]
4.

To stop printing, press (Ctr/Print Screen ) again.

Communicating with
Another Computer

Infroduction
The Rainbow computer can communicate with another cpmputer, called a
‘remote computer, as shown in Figure 5-1. This communication can occur when

the Rainbow computer is in terminal mode and when an application program is
executing under an operating system. In terminal mode, the computer emulates
a VT102 terminal. The Rainbow computer acts as a terminal by both transmit-

ting keyboard entries to the remote computer and displaying characters
received from the remote computer on the Rainbow monitor screen. With an

application program, the Rainbow computer can communicate with another

device such as a terminal or computer.

When you use the Rainbow ébmputer as a terminal connected to a remote computer, you can:

Access files on the remote computer

Run programs on the remote computer

e Usethe remoté computer’s networking services
e

Use other services the remote computer provides

Print what is displayed on the screen when a printer is connected.

Commuhicoflng with Another Computer
SYSTEM
UNIT

MONITOR

KEYBOARD
L.
'

RAINBOW COMPUTER

\-—-—_V——_J

REMOTE COMPUTER

Figure 5-1. Rainbow Computer and Remote Computer Connection

You can use the Rainbow computer with a remote computer if the following criteria are met.

The Rainbow computer must be in terminal mode. (Terminal mode is discussed later in this chapter.)

The remote computer must support an ASCII terminal.

The Rainbow computer must be connected either directly or through a
telephone line to the remote computer.

The Set-Up feature selections must be compatible with the remote computer or its application programs.

Refer to Chapter 3, Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up.

Connecting the Rainbow Computer
fo a Remote Computer
You can use two methods to connect the Rainbow computer to a remote
computer.

Communicating with Another Computer

Direct connection (Figure 5-2). In this method, you connect the communi-

cations cable to the remote computer’s cable. You may need special adapters to mate pins and to ensure proper signal connections.

REMOTE COMPUTER

lmmlmmmnmlm i
e

RAINBOW COMPUTER

SYSTEM UNIT

Figure 5-2. Direct Connection

Telephone line connection (Figure 5-3). In this method, you connect a
communications cable to a modem (data set). The modem changes the
signals produced by the Rainbow computer into signals that can be transmitted over the telephone line. Many types of modems are available, but
the modems on both ends of the telephone line must be compatible with
each other. Both computers must be set to enable the signals required by
the modems.

Communicating with Another Computer

' REMOTE COMPUTER

RAINBOW COMPUTER

SYSTEM UNIT

Figure 5-3. Telephone Line Connection

—

You use the communications connector (labeled COMM) on the back of the
Rainbow system unit with both methods.

Cables

You can use the COMM cable that comes Wlth your Rainbow computer for the
direct connection method.
For the telephone line connection method you may need an adapter to connect

the modem cable.

Communicating with Another Computer

Asynchronous modem. Cables used with Bell System-type modems must
have an RS-232 female connector on one end and a corresponding male
connector on the other. The BCC04 COMM cable that comes with the

Rainbow computer meets these requirements.

Synchronous modem. Cables used with Bell System-type modems must

have an RS-232 female connector on one end and a corresponding male
connector on the other. Digital’s BC224 modem cable meets these
requirements. (Synchronous communications require a special application
program.
)

Procedure for Connection to a Remote
Computer

Use the following procedure to connect a communications line to your Rainbow
computer.

Turn off the Rainbow computer by setting the power switch on the SysStem unit to 0.

Connect one end of the COMM cable to the communications connector

(COMM) and tighten the cable’s thumbscrews (Figure 5-4).

Connect the other end of the COMM cable to the cable coming from the
modem, remote computer, or the appropriate adapter cable (Figure 5-5).

Check the dial-up procedures for your modem.
5.

Turn on the Rainbow computer by setting the power switch to 1.

Changing Rainbow Set-Up Features to

Communicate with a Remote Computer
For a Rainbow computer to communicate with a remote computer, you must

select the Set-Up line feature. When you enter Set-Up, the system will display
line or local on the screen. If local displays, type L to select line to communicate

with a remote computer.

ommunicating with Another Computer

TURN THUMBSCREWS TO TIGHTEN
RIS,

Figure 5-4. Connecting the COMM Cable to the

Communications Connector

L
T

L.t 11T

Figure 5-5. Connecting the COMM Cable to a Remote
Computer Cable

Communicating with Another Computer

The following Set-Up features of the Rainbow computer must also be compatible with those of the remote computer. Refer to the remote computer’s user’s
guide for information on which settings you will need to change. Some settings
may already be compatible, and you will not need to change them.

Parameter Settings

020
T

Local echo
Transmit break
Modem stop bits
Received character parity

Auto-answerback
Disconnect character use

Disconnect delay

Modem
Fow

Transmit baud rate

Data bits/parity

Receive baud rate

Auto-XON/XOFF

Protocol

Refer to Chapter 3, Selecting Computer Features Using Set-Up, to change
these features.

The Modem Protocol Set-Up Feature
The Rainbow computer uses a full-duplex modem. A full-duplex modem transmits and receives characters at the same time.
The rules for communications, the signals used, and how the signals are interpreted all form the communications protocol. In the Rainbow computer you can
select one of three communications protocols. These are shown in Table 5-1.

Communicating with Another Computer
Table 5-1. Communications Protocols
Set-Up
Selection

FDXA

Description and Usual Application

Full-duplex with limited modem control (data leads only). This 1s a direct
connection to a remote computer or to a modem that uses limited modem
control signals.

FDXB

Full-duplex with modem control. This is telephone line connection that uses
full modem control signals.

FDXC

Asymmetrical full-duplex with modem control. Full-duplex communications
with half-duplex modem using the secondary channel. FDXC requires a
special cable.

Full-Duplex with No Modem Control
(FDXA)
The FDXA selection allows the Rainbow computer to communicate by using
limited modem control signals. The computer is ready to transmit or receive
when you turn its power on and select the Set-Up line feature.

FDXA Connect Conditions. When you turn on the Rainbow, it enables the
- Data Terminal Ready and Request to Send modem control signals. Communication with the remote computer is then allowed.

FDXA Disconnect Conditions. The Rainbow computer disconnects the
telephone line by turning off the Data Terminal Ready modem control signal.
This signal is turned off when any of the following occurs.
e

A disconnect character is received.

Arecall or system reset is executed.

You type (ShiftBreak ) .

A s

Communicating with Another Computer

Full-Duplex with Modem Control (FDXB)
The FDXB selection allows the Rainbow computer to communicate with a

modem that uses modem control signals. These control signals make sure that a

connection occurs and is maintained before and during the communication pro-

cess. Communication stops if the connection is not maintained.
FDXB Connect Conditions. The signals outlined in Table 5-2 must be
enabled before communication is allowed.

Table 5-2. Modem Connect Conditions
Name

sSignal

CTS
DSR
RLSD

Clear to Send
Data Set Ready
Receive Line Signal Detector
(Carrier Detector)
Data Terminal Ready

DTR

Source
-

Modem
Modem
Modem

Rainbow Computer

FDXB Disconnect Conditions. The Rainbow computer disconnects the
telephone line by turning off the Data Terminal Ready signal. This signal is
turned off when any one of the following occurs.
¢

The Rainbow computer is placed in local mode.

Arecall or system reset is executed.

Youtype (shifyBreak ),

A disconnect character is received, and the disconnect character enable

Set-Up seiection is on.
e

DSR is turned off at the modem.

There is aloss of RLSD for a time more than allowed by the disconnect

delay Set-Up selection.

RLSD is not turned on within 30 seconds after DSR is turned on.

Communicating with Another Computer

Asymmetrical Full-Duplex (FDXC)
With the FDXC selection, the Rainbow computer can use full-duplex communi-

cations on a half-duplex modem. The Rainbow computer receives characters on
the primary channel and transmits characters on the secondary channel at 75
baud.

To use this protocol, the modem must support a secondary channel. This is
accomplished through a special cable that redirects the secondary transmitting
signals, leaving the modem to the Rainbow’s primary transmitting signals.

The secondary signals from the modem are: SRTS; SCTS; and STXD. These
are mapped to the primary side of the Rainbow computer: RTS; CTS; TXD.

FDXC Connect Conditions. The signals outlined in Table 5-2, Modem
Connect Conditions, must be enabled before communication is allowed.
FDXC Disconnect Conditions. The Rainbow computer disconnects the

telephone line by turning off the Data Terminal Ready signal. This signal is
turned off under the same conditions specified for FDXB.

Auto-XON/XOFF
PRG:

To provide for smooth communication with the remote computer, it is recom-

mended that you have the auto-XON/XOFF Set-Up feature on. With this feature on, the Rainbow computer automatically sends an XOFF control character
when 1t receives more characters than it can handle. The XOFF control character tells the remote computer to stop sending data. When the Rainbow computer can accept more data, it sends an XON control character to the remote computer to tell it to continue transmitting data.

/70

Communicating with Another Computer

Transmit Break
The transmit break Set-Up feature enables or disables the Break key. A Break

signal is a transmitted space (0) condition that lasts 0.275 seconds (+=10%) on

the transmit data line. The remote computer’s response to the Break signal
depends on the type of computer and its software.
You can always perform a disconnect (shitvereak ) when the Rainbow computer
is in terminal mode to turn off the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) and Request to
Send (RTS) signals.
When you enable the disconnect character in Set-Up, the Rainbow computer

transmits the disconnect character before it turns off the DTR and RTS signals.

Typing Cshifvereak ) is the usual way to disconnect the Rainbow computer from
its communications line.

Communications Connector Signals
The communications (COMM) connector signals meet the following standards.

EIA RS-423 and RS-232-C

CCITT recommendations V.21, V.22, V.23, V.24, and V.28

The COMM pin numbers are shown in Figure 5-6. The signals on each pin are
listed in Table 5-3. This table also lists the signals used by each modem protocol. Signals and pins not listed are not used by the Rainbow computer.

/71

Communicating with Another Computer

Figure 5-6. COMM Pin Numbers
A,

Table 5-3. Communications Connector Signals
Pin

Signal

Name

CCITT/EIA

FDXA FDXB FDXC Description

Protective
Ground

PROT
GND

101/AA

Chassis ground; ac power
cord ground.

Transmitted
Data

TXD

103/BA

X
k

Data transmitted from
the Rainbow computer;
asserted high (mark
state) when not
transmitting.

Received Data

RXD

104/BB

Characters received from
the remote computer.

X = Used with this protocol selection.
*These signals are supported by using a special cable for

FDXC modem protocol.
O,

Communicating with Another Computer
s

Table §-3. Communications Connector Signals (Cont)

p—

Signal

Name

CCITT/EIA

FDXA FDXB FDXC Description

RequesttoSend

RTS

105/CA

On when the Rainbow
computer is on-line,
and off when off-line.

Clear to Send

CTS

106/CB

s,
6

DataSet Ready

DSR

107/CC

Indicates the modem is in
data mode.

Signal Ground

SGND

102/AB

Common ground for

Indicates the modem is

ready for transmission.

internal circuits (except

protective ground).

—
8

Receive Line
Signal Detector
(Carrier Detect)

RLSD

109/CF

The modem turns this
signal on when the carrier
signgl is of Sufficignt
quality and magnitude.

Speed Indicator

112/CI

When on, the transmit

and receive speeds are

1200 baud; when off,

—

these speeds are as
established in Set-Up.

Secondary Clear
to Send*

SCTS

121/SCB

When on, the modem is
ready for the Rainbow
computer to transmit
data; when off, the
modem is not ready.

Secondary
Transmit DataTM

STXD

118/SBA

Secondary channel information; same as
Transmitted Data (TXD).

Transmitter
Clock

TSET

114/DB

Receiver Clock

RSET

115/DD

X
|

External clock from the
modem.
External clock from the
modem.

X = Used with this protocol selection.

*These signals are supported by using a special cable for FDXC modem protocol.

Communicating with Another Computer
Table §-3. Communications Connector Signals (Cont)
Pin

Signal

Name

Secondary
SRTS
Request to Send* -

CCITT/EIA

FDXA FDXB

FDXC Description

120/SCA

—

When on, the Rainbow
computer is ready to
receive characters;

when off, the computer
is ready to transmit
characters. Same as
Request to Send (RTS).

Data Terminal
Ready

DTR

108.2/CD
~

When on, the Rainbow
computer is ready to
receive data; when off,

125/CE

Speed Select

SPDS

111/CH

Ring Indicator

this signal causes the
modem to disconnect and
not answer calls.

Ignored; used by the
modem.

When on, the Rainbow
computer’s receive
speed is greater than 600
baud; when off, the
receive speed 1s
equal to or less than 600
baud.

X = Used with this protocol selection.
*These signals are supported by using a special cable for FDXC modem protocol.

Using Terminal Mode
To use the Rainbow computer’s terminal mode, select T from the Main System
Menu (Figure 5-7).

In terminal mode, the Rainbow computer does not process certain Rainbow

keys. These keys will beep when you press them. Keys in terminal mode are
divided into three categories.

Standard keys

Function keys

Print keys

Communicating with Another Computer

1000
Rainbow
(c)

Digital
All

Press

Rights

04.03L

Equipment

Corporation

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

execute

enter

1983

Reserved

rFrooom>D

Version

100

Self

Test

Terminal

Mode

Figure 5-7. Rainbow Main System Menu

Standard keys (Figure 5-8) operate like the standard keys described in Chapter
2, The Rainbow Keyboard.

—

AN s I

[

Figure 5-8. Standard Keys Used in Terminal Mode

Communicating with Another Computer
Function keys (Figure 5-9) are defined by the remote computer’s application
programs.

L
B EREREEEEREN
I—T—H_H_l HEEEEEN

ITTTTTT

Figure 5-9. Function Keys Used in Terminal Mode

Print keys (Figure 5-10) control printing. To use the printer refer to Chapter 4,
Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer.

1
EEEEEEEEEEnEnE

EEEEEEREEEERN

EEEEEEEEEEEE
'IHIIHIIIIIIIUI L ll]l
|

O
|

1
L)

Figure 5-10. Print Keys Used in Terminal Mode

O0OOg
|
L

Rainbow Computer Tests

Diagnostic Tests
The Rainbow computer runs two types of diagnostic tests that detect and isolate problems that may occur in the system.
1.

Aninternal diagnostic test runs when you turn on, reset, or select the

selftest option from the Main System Menu.
2.

A diskette diagnostic test runs when you decide to run a series of test pro-

grams that reside on a diskette.

Internal Diagnostic Test — Selftest
The internal diagnostic test runs automatically upon power-up and checks the
internal logic of the system. If this test runs successfully, the computer will dis-

play the Main System Menu on the screen, as Shownin Figure 6-1, and sound
the computer bell tone once.

Rainbow Computer Tests

B
i,

onEDoon
Rainbow
Version

(c)

Digital

All

Corporation

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

execute
-

1983

Rights Reserved

m>D

Press

04.03L

Equipment

FEOCOOD>D

100

enter

Self

Test

Terminal

Mode

Figure 6-1. Main System Menu
When your Rainbow computer is set to auto-boot, the test is run before starting
the selected boot-device and the computer will not display the Main System
-

Menu.
If one bell tone sounds and you see a message in flashing reverse video above
the Main System Menu, as shown in Figure 6-2, only one of the computer’s
operational modes is working. For example, if a diskette drive fails, you can still
operate the Rainbow computer as a terminal connected to a remote computer.

If the communications line fails, you can still operate the Rainbow computer as a
personal computer. Appendix B lists the messages that could display when you

turn on the computer.

If three bell tones sound, you will see a message but not the Main System

Menu. In this case, you must find the cause of the problem before you can con-

tinue. Refer to Chapter 7 and Appendix B and try to isolate the cause of the

problem before calling for service. The message will also be reported by the
lights on the back of the system unit as shown in Figure 6-3.
A

Rainbow Computer Tests

Dwner’'s

Marngal

MESSAGE

Drive

Rainbow

100

Version
Copyright

(c)

Digital
All

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

from

Drive

start

EOoOL0

start

execute

[

Corporation

enter

1983

Reserved

Press

Ready

04.03L

Equipment

Rights

Not

Self

FrocoOoOw?P

L See

Test

Terminal

Mode

Figure 6-2. Main System Menu with Message

|lO®@® OO0 @ |
TEST LIGHTS

- Figure 6-3. Example of a Message Displayed on the Lights

at the Back of the System Unit

Sy,

Rainbow Computer Tests
i,

To run the internal diagnostic test, use the following procedure.
1.

Without any diskettes in the diskette drives, set the power switch on the

Rainbow computer to 1 (one). After a minute or two, depending on your

computer’s memory size, the computer displays the Main System Menu
on your screen. (See Figure 6-1.)
TR

Find two (2) blank diskettes with part number BL-N402A-BK printed on
the diskette label (Figure 6-4).

DISKETTE LABEL

WRITE-

DISKETTE

&— PROTECT

DISKETTE

—> SURFACE

COVER

NOTCH

DISKETTE

DO NOT
TOUCH

PROTECTIVE

ENVELOPE
TM

Figure 6-4. Blank Diskettes

Rainbow Computer Tests

NOTE
If your Rainbow computer is set to start automatically on a
diskette drive, you will see the following message on your
screen.

See Owner’s Manual

- ME%%%&E B? - Drive Not Raady

Disregard this message and continue with this procedure.
If your computer is set to start on the hard disk drive, you

will have to set the auto-boot feature in Set-Up to “?”
before continuing with this procedure.
Install diskettes.

Open diskette drive A and diskette drive B.
Insert a diskette in diskette drive A and close its door (Figure 6-5).
Insert a diskette in diskette drive B and close its door (Figure 6-5).
Type S.
TESTING.

will display on your screen. After about six minutes, if you have full memory installed in your Rainbow, you will hear a whir and a beep; then, you

will see the Main System Menu. (If you have 128K of memory, you will
hear the whir and beep in about one minute.) See Figure 6-1.
NOTE
If your computer is set to start automatically from a diskette drive, you will see the following message on your
screen.

See

Owner’s

Manual

MESSAGE

Drive

Not

Ready

Rainbow Computer Tests

Figure 6-5. Insert Diskettes into Drives A and B

Rainbow Computer Tests

Diskette Diognostic Test
The Rainbow diskette diagnostic test resides on one diskette. It comes in your
Rainbow System Kit. The diagnostic runs the following four programs.
Test drives A and B.

Test computer — This test runs the drive test, a memory test, and a basic
communications test.

3. - Display individual test menu — This test selection allows you to run the
previous tests one at a time. In addition, it allows you to run tests that
check the communications connector, the printer connector, and options.
This selection is meant to help isolate a problem to a specific device.
4.

Install new diagnostic — This test selection allows you to add new diagnostic tests to the diskette when you add new options to your computer.
To add a new diagnostic test to your main diagnostic diskette you type 4,
press the Return key, and then follow the directions on your screen.

Loading the Diagnostic Disketfte
To load the diagnostic diskette and select the desired test mode, follow the
instructions below. Appendix B lists the messages for this diagnostic test.
After you turn on the computer and see the Main System Menu (Figure 6-1),
insert the diagnostic diskette into drive A and close its door. (Note that the diagnostic diskette can be started from any diskette drive.)
Type A on the keyboard. The computer displays Main Diagnostic Menu, shown
in Figure 6-6, on the screen.

Test Drives

Aand B

Check drives A and B by typing 1, then pressing the Return key. Type the
response printed in color below.
REMOVE
INTO

DIAGNOSTIC

DRIVES

DISKETTE

AND

INSERT

SPARE

DISKETTES

A/B

Rainbow Computer Tests

A
Rainbow

100

Diagnostic

(c)

TEST

DRIVES

[2)

TEST

COMPUTER

(33

DISPLAY

INDIVIDUAL

[4)

INSTALL

NEW

TYPE

PRESS

<Help>

PRESS

«<Set-Up>

TEST

FOLLOWING -

PRESS

DESCRIPTIVE

«Ctrl/Set-Up>

mo/da/yr

THE

THEN

FOR

2.0

Corporation

DIAGNOSTIC

NUMBER

AND

ONE

Equipment

{1}

VERSION

Digital

ISURAL

BPERFORM

Diskette

1983

won.

(0]

RESTART

SYSTEM

Figure 6-6. Main Diagnostic Menu
RIS

Remove the diagnostic diskette and insert blank or spare diskettes into dfives A
and B. Press the Return key.

NOTE
Make sure you insert the diskette correctly into the drive.
The following message displays on the screen.
***CAUTION***SPARE

DISKETTE

DATA

WILL

CHANGED!!!¢

NOTE
This means that any data on the spare diskettes will be
destroyed.
Press the Return key if you want to continue.

- The messages in Figure 6-7 display on your screen. If a problem is detected, a

‘message displays on the screen. See Appendix B to isolate the cause.

Rainbow Computer Tests

DRIVES A AND B TEST
-

***CAUTION®***

NUMBER

SPARE

TESTS

DISKETTE

DATA

WILL

fl\
e

INTERNAL

HEAD

‘SUBTEST

INTERNAL

SUBTEST

RESTORE

PASSED

SUBTEST

HEAD

PASSED

SUBTEST

6 - MOTOR SPEED

SUBTEST

SEEKS

SUBTEST

FORCED

WRITE

SUBTEST

WRITE

SECTORS

PASSED

SUBTEST

FORCED

READ

PASSED

SUBTEST

READ

END

TESTs.

FAILURE:
*TYPE

*PRESS

DRIVE
TO

PROCEED

«Help>

PASSED

TIMING

PASSED

LOOPBACK

PASSED

LOAD

STEP

FOR

PASSED
PASSED
ERRORS

FAILED

ERRORS

SECTORS
USED

PASSED

REINSERT

CHANGED!!!!¢Return>

SUBTEST

SECTORS

SUBTEST

REWRITING

SUBTESTS

DIAGNOSTIC

DISKETTE
OR

DISKETTE

WRITE

LOOP

THEN

PRESS

PROTECTED
ERROR.

THEN

PRESS

<Return>:P

INFORMATION.

Figure 6-7. Drives A and B Test Messages

After successful completion of the Drives A and B test, you will see the following message on the screen under the Main Diagnostic Menu.
PREVIOUSLY

RUN

DRIVES

AND

TEST

PASSED

Test Computer (Extended Test)
Test the computer by typing 2. The messages shown in Figure 6-8 begin to display on the screen. The subtest being executed is shown in reverse video.
After the Diskette Drives subtest is completed, reinsert the diagnostic diskette
and press the Return key.

The subtests check each diskette drive, test the memory, and check the communications and printer connectors. An execution count number or a subtest

execution time displays on the screen. The message PASS or FAIL displays on
the screen after each test is completed, as shown in Figure 6-8.

Rainbow Computer Tests

DISK

DRIVES

PASS

VIDEO

MEMORY

(8088)

COMM/PRINTER/KEYBOARD

MEMORY

(280)

MEMORY

(8088/280)

MEMORY

(SET-UP)

SYSTEM

INTERACTION

NUMBER

TESTS

«NMJIIIRER"

ARy

SUBTEST

HEAD

SUBTEST

INTERNAL

SUBTEST

RESTORE

PASSED

SUBTEST

HEAD

PASSED

SUBTEST

MOTOR

SUBTEST

SEEKS

SUBTEST

FORCED WRITE

SUBTEST

WRITE

SECTORS

PASSED

SUBTEST

FORCED

READ

PASSED

SUBTEST

END

INTERNAL

SUBTEST

REWRITING

READ

SECTORS

TESTS.

PASSED

TIMING

PASSED

LOOPBACK

PASSED

LOAD

STEP

SPEED

PASSED
PASSED

ERRORS

PASSED

ERRORS

SECTORS
USED

REINSERT

PASSED
SUBTESTS

DIAGNOSTIC

DISKETTE

THEN PRESS

Figure 6-8. Test Computer Messages
PP

After completion of the computer tests, you will see the following message on

the screen after the Main Diagnostic Menu.
PREVIOUSLY

RUN

COMPUTER

TEST

PASSED

(or

FAILED)
TR

Proceeding from an Error
If the system detects an error during a diagnostic test, it displays the following
message after the FAILED message.
*TYPE
THEN

PROCEED

LOOP

ERROR,

PRESS

*PRESS

FOR

ERROR

INFORMATION.

Typing P causes the next subtest to run. If you have proceeded from an error,
at the completion of all subtests the Main Diagnostic Menu appears followed by:
PREVIOUSLY

RUN

COMPUTER

TEST

FAILED

Rainbow Computer Tests
If you type L, the message
-LOOPING

ERROR:

ERROR

nnn

replaces the previous message. After the test is performed 10 times, the percent error is updated.

After correcting the problem, run the specific test that failed from the Individual
Test Menu.

Display Individual Test Menu
You select 3 from the Main Diagnostic Menu and press the Return key to have
the computer display the Individual Test Menu on the screen, as shown in
Figure 6-9.
Type the number of the test you want to run and press the Return key. Follow

the instructions displayed on the screen for that test.

N
INDIVIDUAL

TEST

MENU-

{11

MTMMEMORY

(B088)

[9]

KEYBOARD

(21

MEMORY

(8088/280)

(101

MEMORY

(3]

VIDEO

(111

COMM/PRINTER

(4]

DISK

(121

SYSTEM

[(S)

COMM/PRINTER/KEYBOARD

[61

PRINTER CONFIDENCE

{7)

VIDEO

[8]

MEMORY

CONTROLLER
SYSTEM

ALIGNMENT

(SET-UP)

EXTERNAL

LOOPBACK

INTERACTION

PORT

PATTERN

(280)

TYPE

PRESS

«<Help>

PRESS

«Set-Up>

e e

- B IS

NUMBER

THEN

FOR

PRESS

- -

- - -

DESCRIPTIVE

«Ctrl/Set-Up>

RESTART

SYSTEM

Figure 6-9. Individual Test Menu

Rainbow Computer Tests

After the individual test you selected completes, the system will display one of
the following messages on the screen under the Main Diagnostic Menu.
PREVIOUSLY

RUN

INDIVIDUAL

TEST

PASSED

PREVIOUSLY

RUN

INDIVIDUAL

TEST

FAILED

Video Controller Test

This test is a series of displays, each of which displays on the screen for 20
seconds.

To begin the displays, press the Resume key. To hold a display, press the
Interrupt key. To continue to the next display, press the Resume key.

Printer Confidence Test
The printer confidence test allows you to send a message of any length to the
printer and verify that the printer received your message. The test requests
that you input a message. To start printing your message, press the Escape
key [(ESC) on the keyboard label strip]. The message is then sent to the printer continuously. To stop the test, press the Escape key or the Return key

twice.

Video Alignment Pattern
i

The video alignment pattern test fills the printing area of your screen with E’s
so that you can check its alignment of characters with the video alignment template (Digital part number, 29-24371). To exit the test, press the Return key.
Keyboard Test
The keyboard test displays a layout of the keyboard on the screen. As you press
each key, the displayed pattern of that key disappears (and reappears when

pressed again) to confirm that the key is working correctly. Certain keys
respond differently as follows.

Rainbow Computer Tests

—

Pressing the Hold Screen key lights the Hold Screen light.

—-

Pressing the Set-Up key causes the computer to enter Set-Up mode.

e
—

—

Pressing the Lock key lights the Lock light on the keyboard and prevents
the monitor from responding to the other keys.

To check the Ctrl or Shift keys, hold key down and press any other key.

You type OUT to return to the Main Diagnostic Menu.

Ao,

)

-5,

AT,

sy,

—

ARG

Troubleshooting

Infroduction
This chapter gives troubleshooting information that will help you isolate and
solve some problems in your Rainbow computer. Use the following procedure if
the computer does not respond correctly after you install it or if it reports a
message.

Troubleshooting Procedure
Refer to Table 7-1 to find a symptom of the problem. Listed with each symptom
are one or more of its possible causes and the corrective actions you can take to

fix them.

Ifa méssage occurs during power-up, refer to Appendix B to determine a corrective action.

Troubleshooting
Table 7-1. Troubleshooting Procedure
Symptom

Probable Cause

Comrective Action

No response when the power
switch is set to on (1).

Brightness or contrast controls need adjustment.

Adjust brightness and contrast
controls on the back panel of the
monitor.

The system unit is not
plugged in; no power from
the wall receptacle.

Plug the power cord into the
back of the system unit and the
wall receptacle. Use a different
socket to check if there is no
power.

Circuit breaker

Push in the circuit breaker on
the back of the system unit. If
the circuit breaker comes out
again, there is a possible short
circuit in the system. Call Digital
Field Service.

Power cord

Check the power cord for possible damage. Replace the power
cord if necessary.

The computer powers up and
sounds 2 bell tones. A message displays on the screen,
along with the Main System
Menu.

The computer has a nonfatal
error; one of its operational
modes is not working.

Check the message in Appendix
B for its corrective action.

The computer powers up and
sounds 3 bell tones. A message may or may not display
on the screen.

The computer uncovered a
problem during its power-up
sequence, and the problem
must be found before
continuing.

Reset the system and try again.
If 3 bell tones sound again,
check the screen for a message.
If no message appears, check
the lights at the back of the system unit. They may point to the
location of the problem. (See
Appendix B.)

Wrong characters display on
the screen while typing on
the keyboard.

The following Set-Up features may be set incorrectly.

Check these Set-Up features.
(See Chapter 3.)

® ANSI/VT52
® [US/UK character set

Troubleshooting

Table 7-1. Troubleshooting Procedure (Cont)
Symptom

Probable Cause

Cormrective Action

Wrong characters are being
received by the Rainbow

The following communications Set-Up features, which
are to match incoming data,
may be set incorrectly.

Check these Set-Up features.
(See Chapter 3.)

computer.

Modem receive baud rate
Data bits/parity
Modem protocol
Modem stop bits
ANSI/VT52
Auto-wrap
New line mode
Received parity check
The substitution character
( =) displays on the screen
instead of the character
expected (or as typed on-line
with a remote computer).

Parity Set-Up feature is set
incorrectly.

Check these Set-Up features.
(See Chapter 3.)

XON/XOFF is not supported
by the remote computer or is
not turned on.
Transmit or receive baud
rate is set incorrectly.

pr——

—

A B

SRR

me»iafi

Rainbow Computer
Specifications

Rainbow Computer System
Specifications
Standard system:

System unit, keyboard, monitor, and
operating system

System unit:
Processors

Z80A and 8088 processors

Memory for programs

128K bytes (basic system)
Expandable to 896K bytes

Printer connector

Serial, RS-423

Communications connector

Speeds up to 19,200 baud with modem
control

Storage

Dual-diskette drive (2 x 400K bytes)

Rainbow Computer Specifications

Video output:
Environment:

Monochromatic, | RS-170 compatible

Class A: air-conditioned office or light

assembly area
Temperature

OperatingTM

15° Cto 32° C (59° F to 90° F)

Not operating

—34°Cto60°C (—29°F to 140° F)

Relative humidity
Operating

20% to 80% with maximum wet bulb

25° C (77° F) and minimum dew point
2°C (36°F)
Not operating

5% to 95% (noncondensing)

RIS

Altitude (maximum)
Operating

2.4 km (8,000 ft)

Not operating

9.1 km (30,000 ft)

Magnetic field

The RX50 diskette may lose data when

exposed to a magnetic field strength of 50
oersteds or more.
System expansion:

Three dedicated spaces for option modules that are user-installable

Hardware options:

Additional memory

64K or 256K bytes

Expandable to 768K bytes

* Maximum allowable temperature is reduced by 1.8° C per 1000 m (1° F per 1000 ft) above sea
level. Example: At 2.4 km (8000 ft), the maximum temperature is 27.5° C (82° I).

98
O

Rainbow Computer Specifications

Second dual-diskette drive (2 X 400K bytes)
Hard disk (10 megabytes)

Extended communications

Color monitor

Color/graphics
Printer

You may use any serial printer with the

same FCC classification as the Rainbow
computer, such as the LA50 Personal

Printer, LA100 Letterprinter 100, or

LQPO2 Letter-Quality Printer
Floor stand

Monitor Specifications
Characters:

7 X 9 dash matrix; includes 2 descenders

Format:

24 lines X 80 or 132 characters

Physical description:
Height

29.2cm (11.51n)

Width

34.9cm (13.751n)

Depth

31.1cm (12.251n)

Weight

6.4 kg (14 1b)

Cord

1.9m (6 ft)

Adjustable tilt:

+ 5 to — 25 degrees

Video format:

Monochromatic, composite

Rainbow Computer Specifications

Keyboard Specifications
Audio and visual indicators:

Cord:

4 lights and bell tone generator

1.9 m (6 ft) coiled cord;

4-pin, telephone-type modular connectors; plugs into back of monitor
Physical description:

Low-profile, detachable

Height

5 cm (2.0 1n) at highest point

Length

53.3 cm (21 in)

Width
Weight

2kg (4.51b)

17.1 cm (6.75 in)

Keypad:

Sculptured key array

Home row key height:

3 cm (1.2 in) above desktop

Keys:

105 keys; matte, textured-finished, con-

cave surface

Size (each)
Spacing

- 1.27 cm (0.50 in) square
1.9 cm (0.75 in) center-to-center (single-

width keys)
Wobble

Less than 0.5 mm (0.020 in)

Force to activate

53gto79g (1.8 0z to 2.7 oz);

space bar is double this amount
Travel to activate

Less than 0.3 cm (0.12 in)

Numeric keypad:

18 keys

Function keys:

36 keys; firmware- and software-driven;
20 function keys horizontally positioned
below label strip

100

Rainbow Computer Specifications

Power:

+12V = 5% (@ 400 mA, 4.8 W
maximum

System Unit and Power Supply
Specifications
Physical description:
Height

16.5cm (6.51n)

Length

48.3 cm (19 in)

Width

36.3cm (14.31n)
13.6 kg (30 1b)

Weight (maximum)
Power supply type:

Transistor, switching-type AC-to-DC
converter

AC input:

115 V (nominal)

Switch-selectable
Single-phase, 3-wire, 90 V to 128 V rms;
47 Hz to 63 Hz line frequency

230 V (nominal)

Single-phase, 3-wire, 174 Vto 256 V
rms; 47 Hz to 63 Hz line frequency

Line current:

3A @115 Vac
1.5A @ 230 Vac

AC power consumption:

237
W

Regulated voltages

+5.1V +5%
+12.1V =5%
—12V 7%

Circuit protection:

Circuit breaker, externally accessible

101

Rainbow Computer Specifications
RX50 Dual-Diskette Drive

Specifications
Performance:

Diskettes per dual-diskette drive

Number of recording surfaces
per diskette

Storage capacity
per diskette (80 tracks)
per track (10 sectors)

400K (409,600) bytes
-

5,120 bytes

per sector

512 bytes

Transfer rate

250 bits/s

Average access time

290 ms

Functional Specifications:
Rotational speed

300 r/min

Density

96 tracks per inch

Physical Specifications:
Height

8.4cm(3.3m)

Width

14.7 cm (5.8 in)

Depth

21.6 cm (8.51n)

Weight

1.7 kg (3.8 1b)

102

2
Rainbow Messages

Infroduction
Rainbow messages are divided into two categories.
1.

Internal diagnostic test messages

Diskette diagnostic test messages

Internal Diagnostic Test Messages
Internal Diagnostic test messages can occur during power-up, reset, or selftest. The computer displays these messages on your screen, and on the lights
on the back of the system unit (Figure B-1). The sequence of these lights indi-

cates a certain message.

103

Rainbow Messages

123

456

@|
@0
00
lO®®
TEST LIGHTS

Figure B-1. Example of a Light Display on the Back of the System Unit

Table B-1 lists the internal diagnostic messages. If the computer displays a
message on your screen, find the message in Table B-1 then, refer to the page
number in this owner’s manual that the table references after each message for
further information. You can also press the Help key on the keyboard for more
information on isolating the problem. Messages that require similar corrective
action have been grouped together in the explanatory paragraphs that follow.

Drive A (or B as appropriate) — Messages 3, 6
These messages display when you run the extended selftest program if the
diskette is write-protected, is inserted incorrectly in the drive, or is for a computer other than a Rainbow computer. Reinsert the diskette correctly into the
drive; then, run the selftest program again.

If the message persists, insert another diskette into the drive and run the selftest program again.

104

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108

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‘S4LON

Jowup=-fPo0‘up

B¢

OIS

Rainbow Messages
Make sure the drive cables are installed properly. If the message still occurs,
replace the parts in the following order:
e

Diskette drive

iskette drive cable

RX50 controller module

You can do this by:
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself using the RainbowTM 100 User’s
Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Drive A (or B as appropriate) — Messages 7,8
These messages display when you turn on the Rainbow computer. You cannot

use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer until you correct the problem. However, you can use it as a terminal. To correct the problem, turn the

computer off and on again.
Make sure that the diskette drive cables are installed properly. If the error still
persists, replace the drive by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself using the RainbowTM 100 User's
Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

109

Rainbow Messages

Drive A (or B as appropriate) — Message 4
This message displays when you run the extended selftest program if the diskette in the drive is unreadable. The diskette may be bent and slowing down the
drive motor, or the motor may be running too fast. To correct the problem,

check the diskette for creases, smears, or dirt. If you find none, reinsert the old

diskette. If you find a problem, insert another diskette into the drive; then, run
the selftest program again.

If the problem persists after trying several diskettes, replace the diskette drive
by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

800-DEC-8000
e

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)
Al

Drive A (or B as appropriate) — Message 5
This message displays when you run the extended selftest program if the diskette in the drive is not formatted. Insert another diskette into the drive; then,
run the selftest program again.

If the problem persists after trying several diskettes, make sure that the diskette drive cables are installed properly. If the problem still persists, replace
the drive by:
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

(Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Rainbow Messages

Drive A (or B as appropriate) — Message 12
This message displays when you run the selftest program if any of the following
occur.

There is no diskette in the specified drive. To correct the problem, insert

a diskette into the drive.
e

The diskette is upside-down in the drive. To correct the problem, insert
the diskette correctly into the drive.

The drive door is not closed. To correct the problem, close the drive
door.

Run the selftest program again after correcting the problem. If the problem persists, make sure that the diskette drive cables are installed correctly. If the
problem still persists, replace the diskette drive by:
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

|
e

800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Drive Not Ready — Message 21
This message displays when you start the operating system if any of the following occur.

There is no diskette in the specified drive. To correct the problem, insert
a diskette into the specified drive.

The diskette is upside-down in the drive. To correct the problem, insert

the diskette correctly into the drive.
e

Drive C, D, or W is specified on a computer with drives A and B only. To

correct the problem, specify drive A or B.

The drive door is not closed. To correct the problem, close the drive
door.
111

Rainbow Messages

Start the operating system again after correcting the problem. If the problem

persists, make sure that the drive is installed correctly. If the error still per-

sists, replace the drive by:
Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000
sy

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
~

User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Interrupts Off — Message 16
The system displays this message when you turn on the Rainbow computer or
while you run an application program.

The system displays this message in three ways.
1.

When the system displays the message alone on the screen, you cannot
use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer or as a terminal until
the problem is corrected. Turn the computer off and then on again. If the
error persists after several retries, replace the system module by:
Reporting the problem to your vendor
A

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

800-DEC-8000
Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)
If the system displays the message above the Main System Menu, you
can use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer and as a terminal.

Turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists, you
should call your vendor or the Digital Customer Help Line for assistance.
If the system displays the message while running an application program,
you should remove the application program diskette from the drive and

then turn the computer off and then on again.

Rainbow Messages

If the system does not display the problem message when you turn the
computer on, rerun the application program If the problem message displays while rerunning the program, report the problem to the vendor who
sold you the application program or, if you wrote the program, check the

program for an interrupts off instruction.

Keyboard — Message 13
The system displays this message when you turn on the Rainbow com-

puter if the keyboard is not connected, a key is depressed, or the keyboard is
not working correctly. You cannot use the Rainbow computer as a personal

computer or a terminal if this message displays until you correct the problem.

To correct the problem:

Make sure you do not press any keys while the computer is going through

Make sure that the keyboard cable is secured to the back of the monitor

power-up or reset

and to the bottom of the keyboard

(Check for any keys that may be stuck by runnmg your fingers over the top
of the keyboard keys

Make sure the video cable is securely connected.

Now, turn the computer off and on again. If the problem persists after several
-

retries, replace the keyboard by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reportmg the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

|
TM

800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

113

Rainbow Messages
P

Main Board — Messages1, 2,10,17,18,19,
20, 26, 30, 31, 33,50
These messages display when you turn on the Rainbow computer. You cannot

use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer or a terminal until you correct the problem.

Turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists after several
retries, replace the system module by:
|
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Main Board — Message 14

This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer if your previ()us

Set-Up selections, such as screen background and number of columns, were not
read correctly. You can still use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer
or a terminal; however, Set-Up selections that you previously saved are not in
effect.

Review your Set-Up selections, recall the default settings by pressing Cshit/o
),

and save them by pressing Cshit's
). Turn the computer off and then
on again. If the problem persists after several retries, replace the system module by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

114

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RaimnbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Rainbow Messages

Main Board — Message 29
This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer or when you

start the operating system. Turn the computer off, then on again. Make sure
you are not using a VT180 operating system diskette. To correct the problem,

insert another Rainbow operating system diskette into the drive and start the

operating system again.

If the problem persists after several retries, replace the system module by:
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Main Board — Message 40
This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer if the printer

connector (PRINTER) is not working properly. You cannot use a printer if this
message displays; however, you can still use the Rainbow computer as a per-

sonal computer or terminal.

Turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists after several

retries, replace the system module if you want to use a prlnter To replace the

system module:

e Report thé problem to your vendor
e

Report the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

Order the part and install it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100 User’s
Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

115

Rainbow Messages

Main Board — Message 60

This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer if the communications connector (COMM) is not working properly. You cannot use the Rain-

bow computer as a terminal when this message displays; however, you can use
the Rainbow computer as a personal computer if the communications connector
is not used.

Turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists after several

retries, replace the system module by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

If you want to use the computer as a personal computer, insert a system dis-

kette into a drive and start the operating system.

Memory Board — Message 27
This message displays when you run the extended selftest program and it finds

a problem in the optional memory board. You can use the computer as a personal computer or a terminal; however, if you use it as a personal computer, you

may encounter problems running programs.

Turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists after several
retries, replace the optional memory board by:

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line
800-DEC-8000

116

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM

Memory Test Guide (EK-RBMZE-IN-CN1).

AT,

Rainbow Messages

New Memory Size = nnnK — Message 24
If you have just installed or removed additional memory, this message displays
once when you first turn on the Rainbow computer. Confirm that you now have

the correct amount of memory. If the message displays and you have not
installed or removed memory, check to see that the memory board is not loose.
If the message persists:
e

Report the problem to your vendor

Report the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

800-DEC-8000
e

Order the part and install it yourself if you have the RainbowTM Memory
ch:rd Option Installation Guide (EK-RBMXE-IN).

Non-System Diskette — Message 23
This message displays when you start the operating system if the diskette in the
drive is not the system diskette. To correct the problem, insert a system diskette into a drive and start the operating system again.

Remove Card or Diskette — Message 22
This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer if:
e

The protective card is in the drive and the drive door is closed. To correct

the problem, remove the protective card.
e

The diskette is upside-down or inserted incorrectly in the drive and the

drive door is closed. To correct the problem, remove the diskette, turn
the computer off and then on again, and insert the diskette correctly.

RX50 Controller Board — Message 28
This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer. You cannot

use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer until you correct the problem. However, you can use it as a terminal.
117

Rainbow Messages
If you want to use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer, turn the computer off and then on again. If the problem persists after several retries, remove

the RX50 controller board and insert it again (it may have loosened from the
system module). Refer to the RainbowTM 100 User’s Service Guide for instruc-

tions. If the problem still persists, replace the RX50 controller board by:
e

Reporting the problem to your vendor

Reporting the problem to the Digital Customer Help Line

800-DEC-8000

Ordering the part and installing it yourself if you have the RainbowTM 100
User’s Service Guide. (The part number for this guide is EK-P100E-SV.)

Set-Up Defaults Stored — Message 25
This message displays when you turn on the Rainbow computer. It informs you
that a problem was found and corrected in the part of the computer that saves
your Set-Up selections. If you receive this message, you are at the Language

Selection Menu. The Set-Up selections that you have previously saved are not
in effect; the default Set-Up selections (those set at the factory) are in effect.

You can use the Rainbow computer as a personal computer or a terminal; the
message 1s informative only. Reset and save your desired Set-Up selections.

System Load Incomplete — Messages 9, 11
These messages display when you start the operating system if any of the following occur.
e

The diskette is write-protected and is upside-down in the drive. To correct, insert the diskette correctly in the drive.

The diskette in the drive is not a Rainbow operating system diskette. To

correct, insert a Rainbow operating system diskette in the drive.

The operating system program on the diskette is unreadable or is not

inserted fully in the drive. Use another diskette.
Now, restart the operating system. If the problem persists, insert another

operating system diskette into the drive and start again.
118

Rainbow Messages

Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages
Table B-2 lists the Rainbow diskette diagnostic test messages that can occur
while running the Rainbow diskette diagnostic test.

Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages
Possible Source/
Cormrective Action

Messages
Diagnostic Executive Messages
SYSTEM ERROR: COMPUTER CANNOT FIND
SUFFICIENT MEMORY

Diagnostic diskette or
system module. Try another

diskette. Replace system module.

SYSTEM ERROR: DISK READ OR WRITE
FAILED RESTART SYSTEM

Diagnostic diskette, diskette
drive, or system module. Try
another diskette. Replace
system module.

SYSTEM ERROR: COMPUTER CANNOT READ
FROM THE DISK

Diagnostic diskette. Try another
diskette.

SYSTEM ERROR: COMPUTER CANNOT READ
MESSAGE FILE FROM THE DISK

Diagnostic diskette. Try another
diskette.

TEST FILE

SYSTEM ERROR: COMPUTER NOT RUNNING
CORRECTLY
Set-Up Memory Tests Messages
FAILURE: MAIN BOARD SET-UP MEMORY
DOES NOT STORE DATA CORRECTLY

Make sure memory is installed

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: MEMORY STORES

System module. Replace system
module.

DATA INCORRECTLY

correctly.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: CANNOT COPY
SET-UP MEMORY

FAILURE: MEMORY OPTION BOARD: MEMORY

STORES DATA INCORRECTLY

Memory option board. Replace
memory.

119

Rainbow Messages
ns:

Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages (Cont)

AR,

Possible Source/
Corrective Action

Messages
RAM Test Messages
FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: INVALID SET-UP
DATA FOR OPTIONAL MEMORY

System module. Replace system

ERROR: OPTION MEMORY BOARD PRESENT;
SET-UP SHOWSIT IS NOT PRESENT

Memory size is incorrect.
Make sure the memory board
is installed correctly.

ERROR: OPTION MEMORY BOARD NOT
PRESENT; SET-UP SHOWS IT PRESENT

Memory size is incorrect.
Make sure the memory board
i1s installed correctly.

SYSTEM ERROR: COMPUTER CANNOT FIND
SUFFICIENT MEMORY
SYSTEM ERROR: SYSTEM CLOCK DOES NOT
WORK

module.

System module. Replace system
module.

System module. Replace system
module.
[

ERROR: SET-UP
CORRECT

FOR MEMORY SIZE ISNOT

Memory size is incorrect.
Make sure the memory board

AR,

is installed correctly.

FAILURE: MEMORY OPTION BOARD: PARITY
DETECTION DOES NOT WORK
: OPTION MEMORY: MEMORY SIZE IS
INCORRECT
: OPTION MEMORY: OPTION MEMORY
SIGNAL IS INCORRECT

Replace memory board.

TEST CANNOT CONTINUE - PLEASE RESTART
SYSTEM

Diagnostic diskette.

RAM Arbitration Test Messages
FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: MEMORY STORES
DATA INCORRECTLY

System module. Replace system
module.

SYSTEM ERROR: SYSTEM CANNOT FIND
SUFFICIENT MEMORY

System module. Replace system module.

SYSTEM ERROR: TEST PROGRAM DOES NOT

Diagnostic diskette.

FUNCTION CORRECTLY

120

Rainbow Messages

Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages (Cont)

Messages

Possible Source/
Corrective Action

Diskette Drive Error Messages

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: ILLEGAL INTERRUPT
TO Z80

Repeat test; if error persists,
replace system module.

280 DIAGNOSTIC FILE NOT FOUND

Cannot find file on diskette.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 RESPONSE
FAILURE

Repeat test; if message persists,
replace system module.

SYSTEM ERROR: INSUFFICIENT MEMORY FOR
DIAGNOSTICS

replace system module.

Repeat test; if message persists,

FAILURE: RX50 CONTROLLER BOARD:
INTERNAL REGISTER
HEAD LOAD TIMING
LOOP BACK READ
RESTORE
MOTOR SHUT OFF
FORCED SEEK
SEEK FAILURE (with no verify)
FORCED RECORD NOT FOUND (read)
FORCED LOST DATA (read)
NO TRACK GREATER THAN 43 SIGNAL
FORCED RECORD NOT FOUND (write)
FORCED LOST DATA (write)

Bad connection between
system module and RX50
controller module; remove
and reseat controller module.
Run test again; if message
persists, replace RX50

FAILURE: RX50 CONTROLLER BOARD:

Could be a bad diskette; try
another diskette and run test
again. If message persists, remove
and reseat RX50 controller
module; if error still persists,
replace RX50 controller
module.

controller module.

WRITE SECTOR

FAILURE: DRIVE X (where X = A, B, C, or D) DRIVE NOT READY

INDEX PULSE

Diskette is not inserted properly or
is upside-down; diskette drive door
IS open.

Diskette may be upside-down
or is not spinning.

121

Rainbow Messqges
Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages (Cont)
Possible Source/
Corrective Action

Messages
SEEK (with verify)

Could be a bad diskette; rerun
test using another diskette.

READ SECTOR

May occur after a write sector
failure. Could be a bad diskette;
try another diskette.

WRITE SECTOR

Could be a bad diskette;
try another diskette.

DISKETTE WRITE-PROTECTED

Write-protect tab is on
diskette.

NOTE

The following diskette drive error messages may occur from poor connection between the RX50 controller module and the diskette drive.
Reseat cables and rerun tests. If any of these errors persist, remove
and replace the diskette drive.
FAILURE:DRIVE X (where X = A, B, C, or D) RESTORE

No track 0O signal coming from
drive; try again; replace diskette
drive.

STEP

Head did not move in correct
amount of time; try again;
replace diskette drive.

MOTOR SPEED

Diskette drive motor is turning too
fast or too slow; diskette may be
warped, try another; replace
diskette drive.

STEP-IN

Head did not move toward
spindle correctly; replace
diskette drive.

STEP-OUT

Head did not move away from
spindle correctly; replace
diskette drive.

122

Rainbow Messages

Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages (Cont)

Messages
MULTI-TRACK TIMING

Possible Source/
Corrective Action
Head did not move away from
spindle correctly; replace
diskette drive.

280 Private RAM Test Error Messages

SYSTEM ERROR: CANNOT LOAD Z80 TEST
PROGRAM FROM DISKETTE

SYSTEM ERROR: TEST DOES NOT
FUNCTION CORRECTLY

Diagnostic diskette.

Diagnostic diskette or
system module.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 FAILED TO
START MEMORY TEST

module.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 FAILED TO
COMPLETE MEMORY TEST

System module. Replace system
module.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 PRIVATE

System module. Replace system
module.

MEMORY DOES NOT STORE DATA
CORRECTLY

System module. Replace system

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 CANNOT COPY
DATA TO SHARED (Z80/8088) MEMORY

| System module. Replace system

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 CANNOT

Reboot system and try again;
if problem persists, replace
system module.

RESTORE DATA TO Z80 PRIVATE MEMORY
— TEST CANNOT CONTINUE, PLEASE
RESTART SYSTEM FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: Z80 DID NOT

EXECUTE THE TEST CORRECTLY

module.

Diagnostic diskette or
system module.

System Interaction Error Messages
FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: I/O ERROR

COMM CHANNEL (A) ERROR
PRINTER KEYBOARD PORT ERROR

DISKETTE WRITE ERROR

SYSTEM ERROR

280 DIAGNOSTIC FILE NOT FOUND
FAILURE: DRIVE B: WRITE ERROR

FAILURE: DISKETTE WRITE-PROTECTED

123

Rainbow Messages

Table B-2. Diskette Diagnostic Test Messages (Cont)

Messages

Possible Source/
Corrective Action

Video Controller Test Error Messages
FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: VIDEO ERROR
VERTICAL RETRACE RATE

The vertical retrace rate
1s either too fast or too
slow. Replace the system module.

FAILURE: MAIN BOARD: VIDEO ERROR
A LOOPBACK CHECK IS INCORRECT

The information sent to the
video output is being altered.
Replace the system module.

Keyboard Test
SYSTEM ERROR: KEY PROCESSING

Replace system module.
ORI

124

Rainbow Parts List and
Reference Manuals
%

Rainbow Parts List
Table C-1 lists the field-upgradeable parts of the Rainbow computer and their
part numbers. For a more detailed parts list and description, refer to the

RaimbowTM 100 System Unit Illustrated Parts Breakdown, EK-SB100-IP.

Reference Manuals
Table C-2 lists reference manuals that may be helpful to you.

Ordering Information
You may purchase parts or manuals by contacting:
Digital Equipment Corporation
Accessories and Supplies Group

P.0O. Box CS2008
Nashua, New Hampshire 03061

125

Rainbow Parts List and Reference Manuals
R

Table C-1. Rainbow Parts List

Part

Digital

Part Number

System module

70-19974-02

64K byte memory board option

PC1XX-AC

256K byte memory board option

PC1XX-AD

64K byte memory component kit (9 chips)

PCI1XX-AY

256K byte memory component kit (9 chips)

PC1XX-AZ

Power supply

H7842-D

RD51 hard disk drive

RCD51-A

Hard disk controller board

54-16019

RX50 dual-diskette drive

RX50-AA

RX50 controller module

54-15482

RX50 diskettes (pack of 10)

RX50K-10

Keyboard, U.S.

LK201-AA

Keyboard label strip, U.S.

36-20220-12

Video monitor assembly (white phosphor)

VR201-AA

Cable, power supply to system module, 10.1 cm (4 in)

17-00318-02

Cable, RX50 shielded, 20.3 cm (8 in)

17-00317-03

Cable, RX50 shielded, 36.8 cm (14.51n)

- 17-00317-04

Line cord, 115 Vac, U.S.

17-00083-09

Cable, keyboard

BCCO1

Cable, monitor 1.8 m (6 ft)

17-00283-00

Cable, communications/printer, 3 m (10 ft)

BCCO;1~1O

Cable, communications/printer, 7.6 m (25 ft)

BCC04-25

126

)

Rainbow Parts List and Reference Manuals
Table C-1. Rainbow Parts List (Cont)
Digital

Part

Part Number

Cable, communications/printer, 15.3 m (50 ft)

BCC04-50

Standoff, module

12-19857-01

Standoff, hard disk controller

- 74-29164-01

COMM connector loopback plug

12-15336-01

EXT COMM connector loopback plug

12-15366-04

PRINTER connector loopback plug

29-24631-00

Color monitor

VR241-A

Cable, cc)lor monitor

BCC17

Color/graphics option board

54-15688

Cable, hard disk drive

17-00427-01

Cable, modem

BCC15

Extended communications option board

54-15703-00

Fan bracket assembly

70-20816-01

Filler panel, PC100

74-27174-01

127

Rainbow Parts List and Reference Manuals
Table C-2. Reference Manuals

Title -

Digital

Part Number

Rainbow TM Installation Guide

EK-R100E-IN

RainbowTM 100 User’s Service Guide

EK-P100E-SV

TM 100 System Unit Illustrated Parts Breakdown
Rainbow

EK-SB100-IP

RainbowTM Pocket Service Guide

EK-PC100-PS

TM Memory Board Option Installation Guide
Rainbow

EERBMXE»IN

Rainbow TM Winchester Disk Option Installation Guide

EK-RBWIN-IN

RainbowTM Extended Communications Option Installation Guide

EK-PCEXC-IN

Rainbow TM Color/Graphics Option Installation Guide

EK-PCCOL-IN

VR241A Installation Guide (color monitor)

EK-VR241-IN

ARG,

Contact your local Digital sales office or call Digital’s Direct Catalog Sales tollfree (800) 258-1710 from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time (U.S.
customers only). In New Hampshire, Alaska, and Hawaii call (603) 884-6660.

Terms and conditions include net 30 days and FOB from the Digital shipping
point. Freight charges are prepaid by Digital and added to the invoice. (Orders
placed against an open line of credit require the customer to pay the shipment

charge.)

Shipment charges for all cash orders (that is, payment by check, MasterCardTM,
Visa®, or American Express®) are paid by Digital for shipment within the continental United States.

The payment of state and local taxes, duties, and levies 1s the responsibility of
the buyer.

The minimum order is $35.00, but this minimum does not apply when full payment is sent with the order. Make checks and money orders payable to Digital

Equipment Corporation.
128

Infernational Language
Keyboards

The figures in this appendix illustrate the 15 different Rainbow national language
keyboards that are available and the keys on each. One of the main differences

is the label strip that you add to the top of the keyboard. The label strip comes
with the documentation shipped with the system.
All keyboards except the American/Canadian keyboard have one or more keys
that display different characters, depending on whether the keyboard is in cor-

respondence mode or data processing (DP) mode. You switch from one mode to
the other in Set-Up. In the illustrations that follow, keys that differ depending
on the mode are shown in color. The character(s) on the right side of the key

are displayed in DP mode.
All the keyboards except the American/Canadian keyboard allow some two-key
compose sequences. For example, to display é on a Danish keyboard, press’,

then you type e. Keys to start a two-key compose sequence are shown in
gray. See Chapter 2, The Rainbow Keyboard, for a description of the two-key
compose sequence. If you make a mistake, your keyboard will beep (if the key-

board bell is set to on).

129

International Language Keyboards

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

AR,

s e s Je 0B Je 5 s e Jo JC il
b
Il
A
didddddaaaaae
l
PFFFFFILLT
|
u
>

Camgarse

Character

!"1 H IL,JLU,I llf
Figure D-2. LK201-AB Belgian/Flemish Keyboard

mwmq

vvvvv

Onom

mmg

mmlm

ccccc

UL_JLJWWWWDWF‘ l" l[

Figure D-3. LK201-AC Canadian (French) Keyboard

130

International Language Keyboards

flw suum Sast up

Haend

Ydar!

wlle oymmrm

Hold Siasrm

Komibmme Wt

Forrugm :Mmu
lmm“l Blewwrrn
| | Shomwrors

Ulo

H“JD.WWWWHW“ , .

EFEFFFFFIFLLLS
|
= ]
«
Figure D-4.

””””””

°FWWW

|uuuDDHD|HIH e e

LK201-AD Danish Keyboard

mewme Concei YO,

tan

©s0(me

UGS

o |

fififififi?1Hufiumuuuufln-flmumu

n FFETFPTFMLT n, [

)

Figure D-5. LK201-AE British Keyboard

lf—l-mfifi

oo|

5 Jie |z ”s Hs ”fl_._]

l:;;;,

Keskovis _Jutks LIRS Painayto Lopets

Figure D-6. LK201-AF Finnish Keyboard

131

International Language Keylboards

mbvl

F20

lml

;:?:”g ml

‘

::5 6

UMUEEDEEWWW“
l =Ve

oSO

e e”

l" l" l“ lr 31 u [

amal

Figure D-8. LK201-AH Dutch Keyboard

DDDDDWDDDEDHDDDDF—]‘&%—WDL_JL_JL_J
T ]
F EEFFTLLET
]Il@lfi]@lfififlfi“ um
s"FETFEFLLT ”‘;’[ n

DEENa
l:]:._,,
.
lele]
[

Figure D-9. LK201-Al Italian Keyboard

132

International Language Keyboards

Figee
impromas
imm
ocran

Mmm

orrupt Rapnae Ann

Sarte

F11
[ESCI

F12
(BS)

F13
0LF)

fififififififlfiUIHMi

lfi--fififififi

) '“

%lHHHMMHWHth
=]

Figure D-10.

diruc kme

))(

Fort

,1fl{luuuuuuugflmfiflflafifim
setEen

Romiy

neheoan

I
PIETFETT

mF%“WW [TTT”

Warte

aaan

IVWWWWUWW{-

Figure D-11.

LK201-AL Swiss (German) Keyboard

e &

@ e

e |

DDDDDWDDDDDflDuHlflmfififimfifim
Y

{icmm

Bty
]

“0,

G Jc 15 I

WWEVWHWHWVf
e
M

|
<

P
e

LK201-AK Swiss (French) Keyboard

p—

mfim

EERE

Figure D-12. LK201-AM Swedish Keyboard

133

International Language Keyboards

«
SSSSSSS

IWM-MUU
NBEEHWWWW“
VWMHMMMHHL

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

Sl
O
i“.lllfififiWM%”
FOEEE L

= L

Figure D-14. LK201-AP Belgian/French Keyboard

fig%fififlfiaéDDfifififififld!!fig|fi”
N

1 2 |3 ‘ s Imla Iz Js Jis Jlo |

ol oAl

" FEFFFFEFF

VTJBVWWWMWWM”

_...._..._.__,,._L

aaas

I
o

Figure D-15. LK201-AS Spanish Keyboard

134

Compose Sequences

Figure E-1 shows the compose sequences you must type to generate some special characters that you may need.

—a

—\

135

AR,

oo,

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

The following figures show the 7-bit and 8-bit translations and character sets for
each language keyboard.

KEYBOARD

TABLE USED

American

(none)

Belgian/Flemish

French

Danish

Norwegian/Danish

British

United Kingdom

Finnish

Austrian/German

German
Dutch

Canadian (French)

French Canadian

Dutch

Italian

Swiss (French)

Swiss

Swiss (German)

| Swiss

‘

Swedish

—

Norwegian

Norwegian/Danish

Spanish

—

Belgian/French

French

Figure F-1. Mapping Keyboard to National Replacement Characters

137

25e)eeO753O1eR)e]

o[[[-H[p*ufliTfeollH-OoL[NoQ-[7[]o-1<+o\odlJ [[-o[f-Io-lIS1oS]IlMSe[l=e[lAe[lGTo-Nlos—]
2=

o90f" R=G|~O&§.E].[.FREoFumE®o.| 'HS]IWIT4/NV1D138 ‘C

z73828JLINV\___JHONIH4/NVIDI38\__

Jwm[eB[ePHSIeAIOMESo—PE(_Wo-_—E#_O@~N[o_e\_]_5p{i_si|nlN_IRguf-lN_\iflT.Q—T#.THOeTNI:HA[TNSVJITQYN@VO{]T\N“mmm
/-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

MCX

izt ). 2343 >

138

Qc«r

2 xS

7-bit NATIONAL
REPLACEMENT
CHARACTER

Figure F-2. 7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

6|IH6W3|sz(v651£A68i501A1Pgt€51@691S8t2tog\L7R4fmqm

Z[£443z920122v251zozzezwe14792zog2evt298

o£3l 03£1tf‘3£% o£afg£vo1y€0585l£035991€/36¢1£81e‘£oeg6v£sagv£eol£3i-g3£E3EG£54¢3£3t;

;O|4.|9+5|NS4|aG2gzz4z‘akf01914ocy44>9¥509499|53v00¥11N\9§v2|zl1111983p04t!|)95|8901¢11AdS9y100o0Zt8Z1Sv8Gs0&ltz6Z!vSNoyYARvSC990TL2I8z|}0850o4t¢8e€]XV|ov95i2o2zt€8d)Stvo0¥vtrEE)3BerS990lE¢¢4

¢l.v8$¥&a-L}36tsE9l4d 3ns6-8%403y26918¢ Mcm1ojeJ|08wyoIju4y89sDefdwb0iseSa5iuDyYdnruqn)gm—.
fBNBI][BUOHBUNINKJajoeieyD19

/-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

1 ON

3JPsAauyAN"3o0Ind9a1JwiSNaskyJIogd

139

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

BITS [

NUL

1
20

‘

00 1 1]

(XOFF) | 19

01 0 0]

(Dx&?

011 0|68

1 000)|8

’

‘

|0 SuB

;

11::

ESC 27

140

160

112

121

141

161

102

122

142

162

L 103

123

143

163

104

124

144

52
34

105

E . 69

106

36
67

55
37

70
7

99
63

114
72

115
73

164

100

125

145

165

101

146

166

126

116
74

102

127

147

103

167

130

150

104]

170

110

118

1191
77

H | ;|

)

131

151

ws|

171

112

132

152

172

113

133

153

107

”

173

134

154

174

155

”:‘

175

176

T 1 Q0 0|

1 10

1|13

we|
6A

120
78

121

< .1

114

115

}

135

116

136
5E

117

—

137

157

177

117

107

‘

120

‘

(

3
‘

100

CAN | 3,

|9 | HT

101 1N

1 o1 o0lw|

7
40

‘

0 01 0

1oo01

0 1 1 1

0 00 1|1

o v 0 1

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1 |ROW

000 O0]O0

108
6C

123

124
7C

0|14

1T 1 1 1

|15

20 |

62
3E

63
3F

40D

5D
94

109

156

110

125

126

m DEL 127

KEY
Pt

ASCH CHARACTER

Figure F-4. Dutch Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.
140

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

—
-

0
BS

BITS
B4 B3 82 B1|ROW

Hen

fro—

NUL

0 01|

4
-

101

q
r

162

163

164

165

166

‘

103

123

143

20
14

104

124

1;?
114

115

144

100

116
74

65 -

105

125

145

101

106

126

146

7
7

23
17

CAN 24

(

)

25
19

41
29

472

30
18

0 1

010

YT13

)

0112

14
12

34
28

54
44

1C
35

T 1 1 o |4

t 1 o1 1 | s

OCTAL
‘
| DECIMAL

102

107

127

147

55
37

71
47

87
57

103
67

110

130

150

131

151

57
39

89
59

105
69

106

133

153

74
60

134
92

60
155

‘

109

136

110

137

157

120

170

154
108

135

119
77

167

107

118
w

oal

2C
_

’

39
27

‘

26
'

| ESC

9
9

142

161

122

141

102

{XOFF) | 19
13

121

112

ASCI CHARACTER

‘;9

160

|13

11|89

100

W,:

100

1 000]8

01|86

(XON}

7
40

0 v 0 1|5

“;"“M“

DC'li

'
3

oo 1 113

0
G

COLUMN
0

000 O0}]oO
0 0 0 1

156
6t

‘

111 DEL

177

127
7F

7 HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENCES
1 FROM ASCII
:

| HE
X

Figure F-5. Finnish Character Set (7-bit)

Empty positions are reserved for future use.
141

/-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations
I

BITS

O 0G0 00D

0
:

NUL

1
20

00 1 0l

001 113

01 0 01|

(ngq)

DC3|

121

141

161

122

147

82
52

113
71

162

114
72

123

143

163

104

124

144

100

164

125

145

165

166

167

170

171

52
34

146

‘

(

)

CAN | 7,

HT | |

‘

|SUB | @

ESC |

’

1 1 0 1|13

11 1 0|14

11 1 115

37}

14
E

1F 1§

101

23
17

126

106

105

160

102

112

103

0ot 1 01|86

101

|11

0 1 o} 10

1 00 1]9

140

‘

120

1 000|S8

100

‘

BEL

(XOFF) | 19

7
40

o 10115 |ENQ|

T 1.0 01}

000 1|1

1 0 1 1

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

0 1 1 1

55
56

38
71

3JA

107

110

111

114

102

130

150

131

151

103
68

ws]
69

117

118

104

147

116

119

121

152

106

172

133

163

107

173

134

154

108

174

109

175

156

176

54,

122

115

135

155

116

”~

136

—

137

157

m DEL

177

6F |

63 |
3F |

117

[

STBRBBNE:

120

132

127

115

123

124
7C

125

126

127

ASCII CHARACTER

OCTAL
DECIMAL
HE
X

Figure F-6. French Canadian Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.

142

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

e¥
|

BITS

N “‘%

0 00O01]O0

COLUMN

84 B3 B2 B1|ROW

gfifl

001 1]3
01 00]a4

[

010 11}5

o1 1 06

1
"

|
p—

oy,
.

ENQ 5

26
47

36
|67

CAN | 3,

(

| HT

;

)

10 SuB|

1 01 1 |1
1 1.0 0112
11 0 1

|13

1T 1 1 0|14
1

118

FF
CR

ESC 27

12
15

13
D

’
_

371

1£ |

69
45

106

»l

111

58
73

82
52

83
53

11270

141

161

143

163

100

125

145

101

165

126

146

166

56
127

116
74

102
|

66
147

118

76
167

130

150

104

170

go|

151

ws|

171

112

13210

152

172

133

153

173

an,

114

134

115

135

106
1372

107
68

154

w09

117

137

157

DEL

—

95
5F

123
7B

174

175

790

122

124

121

‘

M
,

120

g3l

5D
136

i19

108

155

115

164

>
!

1614

114

‘

162

9 | 103

113

142

116

160

[

7
140

110

124

121

46
107

80
50

123

6
120

122

105

1 000]|8

101

16
27

6
7

64
40

104

a8
30

BEL 7

111

tx(%g 19

5
100

103

o 1 1 1|7

101 0l10

;

p—

102|

| pc3

1001l

{n—

4
60

o001 0|2

610 | SP | 2
20

NUL | 0
1

0 00 1|1

156

111
BF

195

126

176

177

7€

127
7F

KEY
ASCIH CHARACTER

Figure F-7. French Character Set (7-bit)

Empty positions are reserved for future use.

143

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

BITS

COLUMN
O

g 00010
0 0o o0 1

NUL

1
20

0
L

DC-@

(XON)

102

34
22

50
32

66
42

82
52

98
62

‘

114
72

103

1123

143

163

104

124

144

100

164

145

165

166

01 00|

‘

ENQ 5

01 1 01|86

70 | v

102

107

127

103

167

147

{110

150

130

120

» 111

131

151

171

132

152

1 00 119

HT |

)

1 01 0]

|SUB | 32

112}

1 01 1

113

T 1 0 012

1 1.0 1|13

0|14

| 1

ASCH CHARACTER

TA
ESC

2A
+

2B
54

73
74

85
56

118

1wa]

ws|

117

‘

119|
77

170

121

163

173

122

133

134

108

s @

124

155

109

175

135

116

136

156

176

110

114

115

107
68

123
7B

174

125
7D

137

157

177

QCTAL

HE
X

Figure F-8. German Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.

111‘DEL

172

106

DECIMAL

144

116

146

(

CAN | 3,

126

162

113

106

142

1 000/|8

161

112

125

BEL

105

122

141

(XOFF) | 19

121

160

140

120

001 1|3

100

101

18
12
C

7
40

2
2

‘

01 1 1

gt o1

seB3g2BifROW|
,

126

127

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

'
T

8BS

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B [ROW

NUL 00

0o o0 111

E&‘!

1610

0|2

D01 1|3

(xopg 19

01004

3
40

4
60

101

6
120

8050

140

6440

121

141

|'2?|

2zl

11270

161

192,

162

114

103

123

143

104

124

105

125

sa]

160

96
60

5
100

4830
K}

]

32
20

0 00 O0}O0

13
71

163

164

101

165

146

166

99
63

144

9 | o]

115

116

24
34
44
54
64
74

—
i

m—
b

s
o

fro—

o1 0 1[5

ENQ 5

011 01l 8

o 1 1 1

BEL 7

’

59
45

106

126

86
56

145

102

118
76

107

127

103

167

147

119
77

1 00o0/|8

CAN | 3,

(

110

130

150

‘

170

1 00 19

HT | §

‘

)

111

131

151

171

v o1 ol

|0 SuB | 3

sa|

112

152

is|

172

||l

132

10 1 1 |1

vT |

SC 27

’

133

183

w7y

173

v 1 ool

’

11 0 1|13

)

1 1 1 o|4

111 1
|

‘

s | Sl

ASCII CHARACTER

]

| E

ws|
69

120
78

121

13l

‘

114

134

154

wog]

174

115

771

€

135

155

09|

175

136

110

156

BRAR DEL

137

4aF

6D
6E

123

124
7C

125

176

126
7E

157

177

127|

OCTAL

DECIMAL
| HEX

s
|

Figure F-9. Italian Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE

Empty positions are reserved for future use.
145

/-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

BITS

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

o 0oo0o0]|o0

COLUMN
(0]

NUL

0 -

1
20

0
T

001 0|2

SP | 3

| 100

120

| a0

160

112

101

121

141

161

102

122

142

162

001 113

(XOFF) | 19

‘

103

123

143

163

01 0o0]|a

1104

124

144

100

164

105

125

145

101

165

106

126

146

166

107

127

147

167

130

150

170

131

151

171

132

)

152

172

g 1t 0 1
011 0]

12
C
n

ENQ 5

o 1 1 117

(

)

*°

BEL 7

HT
FF

[SUB |

|ESC |

FF |

’

1T 1 1 0 14

[

1 1

1 10 012

1 1.0 1

R R

|13

ASCII CHARACTER

v o100

1]o9

1001

‘

1 000]|8

6
|

«+

(X&,)

7
40

IDC1

000 1}

‘

CAN | 3,

11
B

31 1

3A
73

’

3B
74

3cC

1
J

69
45

‘

110

»l

48
111

112

4A
113

RE5
55

87
57

5A
|

133

114

134

115

135

93]

102
67

10a]
68

os|
69

woe|
6A

153]

107
68

115

116
74

117
75

o3l

114

118

119

120
78

121

122

173

123

154

108

174

155

09|

175

156

176

124
7C

125

16|

136

110

117

—

137

157

177

a€

a5
5F

OCTAL
DECIMAL
HE
X

Figure F-10. Norwegian/Danish Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.
146

113

111 DEL

126
7E

127

/-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

1
20

120

140

6440

96
60

11270

101

121

141

161

102

122

142

162

Dc1
,

oo 1 11]3

(XOCFF) 19

103

123

143

163

01 00| 4

‘D

104

124

144

100

164

o1 0 1 5

ENQ 5

105

125

145

165

01 1 01|86

126

146

166

167

170

‘

BEL 7

1 00 0]|8

CAN | 7,

(

HT |

;

)

1 0 1 010

10 Sue 26

10 1 11

vT 1 31 ESC :;:;

o1 1 1 }

1 00 1]

11 0 0|12

1 1 0 1|13
1

014

1t 11 1|18

ASCH CHARACTER

30
18

FF | ;

147

130

150

131

151

105

69
152

59
132

106

133

153

107

173

114

134

154

174

)

175

176

‘

111

54 |

’

127

49
112
4A
113
4B

]

103

wa]
68

108
6C

135

155

109

116

136

156 ]

2F §

119
77

115

118

102

117

110

116

107

106

115

114

113

15
D

8050

160

4830

100

(XON)

0 00 1|1

3220

NUL 00

4
40

c 00 0O

1610

120
78

171

121

79
172

122

123
78

124
7C

125

126

110

117

137

157

177

63
3F

—

m‘DEL

7€

127

OCTAL

DECIMAL
HE
X

Figure F-11. Spanish Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.

147
i

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 BT |[ROW

0 00 0O

NUL‘

DC'I

120

140

101

121

141

97
61

161

102

122

142

162

|peal

(XOFF) | 19

o 1 01

ENQ 5

01 1 01|

o 1 1 1

BEL

1 00 0]

1 00 1]o9

10 1 0|10

p o1l

1 1 0 0112

/°
‘

103 |

67 |

123

143

84 |

100

116

105

125

106

126

’

24
31

(

)

.38

CAN

146

102

127

147

103

167

110

130

150

10a]

120
78

131

171

121

151

112

122

p—

106

172

an,

152

132

773

113

133

153

173

114

134

135

155

109

ws|

|13

1 1 o |14

156

111 1|18

2C
55

<
-

>
?

154

108

119
77

123

124

174

175

176

125

110

117

137

167

11 DEL

177

OCTAL
DECIMAL

136

170

116

KEY
ASCH CHARACTER

ESC | 3

’

—

118

166

107

117

165

‘

115

;

163

145

114

113

‘

|SUB |

1.0

160

112

;

100

SP‘

7
40

(XON)

oo 1 1|3
0

]

2
20

0 o0 1 |1

126
7E

—

127
“

o
.

HE
X

Figure F-12. Swedish Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.
148

7-bit/DEC 8-bit Translations

BITS

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

COLUMN

00 0 0O} 0

NUL Y]

0 00 1|1

o 0 1v 0

cunga

2
3

12
23

125

126

146

166

106

07w

127

47w

103

167

110

130

150

170

(

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NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.
149

BITS

COLUMN

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Figure F-14. United Kingdom Character Set (7-bit)

NOTE
Empty positions are reserved for future use.

150

—

—_

Options

This appendix lists and describes options that you can burchase for your Rainbow computer.

Additional Memory
You can increase the memory capacity of your Rainbow computer by installing

additional memory. The Rainbow computer comes with 64K bytes or 256K
If you purchase the memory option, you can choose either 128K bytes or 256K

bytes of additional memory. If you choose 256K bytes, you can expand this to
768K bytes of additional memory.
The memory option module fits on the system module. After you install the

additional memory, a message displays on the screen with the new memory
size.

See Danr*fi Manual WVMESSQGE 24 - New Memory Size = nnnk
The Set-Up screens also display the new memory size.

131

Options

Second Dual-Diskette Drive
You can add a second drive, which holds two additional diskettes, to your Rainbow computer. This dual-diskette drive fits beside the original dual-diskette

drive in the system unit. You can access the diskettes in the optional dualdiskette drive by selecting either of the following from the Main System Menu:
C

start

from

Drive

start

from

Drive

You can also have the Rainbow computer auto-boot from either of these drives.

Hard (Winchester) Disk
You can add the hard disk option to your Rainbow computer. It includes the
following.

Hard disk drive

Hard disk controller board

Hard disk drive cable

The hard disk is a rigid disk (as compared with the diskette which is floppy). It
holds 10 megabytes of storage and is equivalent to 25 diskettes. The disk can be
logically partitioned into various size sections:

8 megabytes (large section)
+

2.5 megabytes

2 megabytes (small section)
‘

10 megabytes

2.5 megabytes
or

2.5 megabytes

2.5 megabytes
10.0 megabytes

You can access the hard disk by selecting:
W

start

from

Driv&

on the Main System Menu. You can also have the Rainbow computer auto-boot
from the hard disk drive. Many operating systems can be on the disk together.

152

Options

For more information on the hard disk option see the chapter on the hard disk in
your RainbowTM User’'s Guide.

Extended Communications
The extended communications option provides communications capabilities
beyond those provided with the standard communications connector. It has two
serial ports:

A high-speed serial port

A low-speed serial port

The extended communications option also provides:
e

Direct memory access for input/output devices

Support of many communications protocols.

Color/Graphics Option
You can install this option to give your Rainbow computer additional graphics
and color display. There are two resolution modes:
|

High resolution (800 x 240 pixels; 2 planes). This provides four simultaneous colors from a palette of 4096. If you are using the Rainbow black
and white monitor, these colors translate to four distinctive gray levels
including black and white.

Medium resolution (384 X 240 pixels; 4 planes). This provides 16 simul-

taneous colors from a palette of 4096. If you are using the Rainbow black
and white monitor, these colors translate to 16 distinctive gray levels
including black and white.

153

Options
Some of the additional graphics features of this option include the following.
e

Scrolling: smooth, horizontal, and vertical

Patterning: a pattern generator/multiplier for tiling and texturing of graphics patterns and line segments

Read-back: a feature that reads each plane back to the Rainbow computer’s memory for diagnostics or other purposes

If you attach a printer or pen plotter to the Rainbow computer, you can get a
printed copy of the graphics displayed on the screen.

VR241A Color Monitor
The color monitor provides high-quality color graphics. The color monitor displays the colors generated by the color/graphics option enhancing the

capabi lities of your Rainbow computer.

Color Monitor Specifications
Height:

31.9cm (12.75 in)

Width:

36.3cm (14.5in)

Depth:

38.6 cm (15.5in)

Weight:

15.8 kg (351bs)

Video screen:

33 cm (13 in) diagonal, high-resolution color

Dot pitch: .

.31 mm resolution (shadow mask)

Active raster size:

240 mm width X 150 mm height

Interface:

Standard RS-170 RGB (red-green-blue) cable
connector with built-in line termination and selectable

Power supply:

external synch.

Universal, switch-selectable — 90 Vac-120 Vac,
47 Hz—63 Hz or 185 Vac-256 Vac, 47 Hz—63 Hz

194

Options

Printer
Three personal printers are available for your Rainbow computer from Digital
Equipment Corporation.

L[LA100 Letterprinter 100

LA50 Personal Printer

LQPO02 Letter-Quality Printer

Refer to Chapter 4, Connecting a Printer to Your Rainbow Computer. You can
also refer to each printer’s documentation.

Floor Stand
The floor stand holds the system unit. It stands vertically on the floor to give
you more desk space.

155

Rainbow Control Functions

Infroduction
The Rainbow computer is an upward and downward software compatible terminal. It generates and responds to control functions of previous Digital terminals,
such as the VT52 DECscope. It also generates and responds to control functions that have since been standardized by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI).

ANSI standards define a method of controlling a computer using a technique
using control sequences. Control sequences are coded in a program as a string
of two or more characters.

For example, the sequence
ESC

[

- requests a status report of the device you are using.

157

Rainbow Control Functions

You can set the Rainbow computer to use either VT52 control functions or
ANSI control functions, a Set-Up feature. However, the ANSI selection con-

—

tains more control capabilities and is therefore more flexible with current oper-

ating system software. The VT52 selection is only used with older Digital soft-

——

ware on remote systems in terminal mode. For information on VT52 control

functions, refer to the VT100 User’s Guide (EK-VT100-UG).

Using Control Functions
You can use control functions to:
Change Set-Up features

Select modes:

T
|

—

ANSI/VT52

Scrolling (define top and bottom margins)

Origin

Cursor position

Column (columns per line)

Auto-wrap - screen background (light or dark)

Line feed/new line

Keyboard action

Send-receive (local echo; only in terminal mode)

Cursor key character selection

Auto-repeat

Set/reset

)

158

—

ek
5

Keypad selection (application or numeric)

Select a character set

—

Rainbow Control Functions

Select character features:
a.

Underlining

Reverse video

Bold

Any combination of the above

Change tab stops

Select line features:

Single-height/single-width

Single-height/double-width

Double-height/double-width

Erase characters and lines
Do computer editing:

Delete characters

Insert and delete lines

Insert or replace characters

Print in terminal mode

10.

Request and receive reports:
a

Device status (which devices are connected to the computer)

Cursor position

—

Device attributes

Computer identification

11.

Present a screen alignment display

159

Rainbow Control Functions

ANSI Mode Control Functions
Definitions — The following listing briefly defines the basic elements of ANSI

control functions.
1.

Control sequence introducer (CSI) — A prefix to a control sequence. In the

Rainbow computer, ESC [ is the CSI.
.- Parameter
—
a.

A string of O or more decimal characters that represent a single
value. Leading Os are ignored. Characters have a range of 0 to 9.

'b.

The value so represented.

Numeric parameter — A parameter that répresents a number, designated
by Pn

Selective parameter — A parameter that selects a subfunction from a
specified list, designated by Ps
Parameter string — A string of parameters separated by a semicolon.

Default value — A value that is assumed when no explicit value, or a value
of 0, 1s specified.

Final character — A character that terminates a control sequence or
escape sequence.

T e

160

Rainbow Control Functions

Examples:
1.

General
selective
parameter
ESC

[

Psi

CSI

Par:ameter

’ o

String

Final
Character
-

Escape sequence for double-width line (DEC DWL).

Escape
Sequence

Octal Representation
of Same Sequence

ESC # B

033 043 0GB

| o

Control sequence to set 132 column mode.

Control

Sequence

ESCL ?3 h

Nt |

CSI I Final Character
Parameter

Octal Representation
of Same Sequence
033

133

037

063

[ ——

N, et

CSI

150

——

Parameter Final
Character

The remainder of this appendix lists all control functions grouped according to
their function.

Control and escape sequences are printed in color; their octal representations
are printed in black.
161

Rainbow Control Functions

Set-Up Features and Mode Selection
Set-Up features change the way the Rainbow computer operates. You can
select these features from the keyboard or through control functions.

Some Set-Up features are modes. A mode affects either the Rainbow computer
operation or the way the computer understands and transmits data. The Rainbow computer uses the selected mode until you use the keyboard or a control

function to change the selection. Table H-1 lists these Set-Up features and
modes.
Table H-1. Set-Up Features and Modes
Change from

Set-Up Feature or
Mode

Change by Control
Function

Keyboard in
Set-Up

On/off line**
Columns per line
Tab stops
Scroll rate

No
Yes
YesTM
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Auto-repeat
Screen background
Cursor
Margin bell volume
Keyclick volume

Yes
Yes
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

ANSI/VT52
Auto XON/XOFF**
US/UK default character set
Auto-wrap
Line feed/new line

Yes
No
Yes*
Yes
Yes

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Local echoTM*
Print termination character**
Printer extentTM**
One or two stop bits
Receive parity

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Break enable**

Yes

Disconnect character enable**

Yes

Disconnect delay**
Auto-answerback enable**

No
No

Yes
Yes

162

Rainbow Control Functions
Table H-1. Set-Up Features and Modes (Cont)
Change from
Keyboard in
Set-Up

Set-Up Feature or
Mode
|

Change by Control
Function

Power (50 Hz/60 Hz)

Yes

Modem data/parity bits

Yes

No
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

No
Yes*
, Yes

Yes
No
No

Transmit speed
Receive speed
Modem control**
Printer data/parity bits

‘
|

Printer transmit/receive speed
Keypad application/numeric mode
Cursor key mode

Origin mode

Yes

Insertion-replacement mode

Yes

No
No

* These features are not changed using the set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) sequences.
**In terminal mode only.
|

Most modes are changed by using set mode and reset mode control sequences.

Set and reset the modes by using the f()llflwirlg control sequences.

Set Mode
ESC

[

033

133

3+44+
#%*%

073

Ps
073

h
**%

150

Set mode sets one or more modes specified by selective parameters (Ps) in the
parameter string.

“

NOTE
Ps represents a variable parameter selected from a

list of parameters. In the second line, a series of
asterisks (***) represents the parameter. The
parameter is transmitted using decimal ASCII char-

acters. For example, decimal 12 consists of the digits

1 and 2. When you set several modes with a single
SM or RM sequence, a semicolon separates
parameters.

163

| Rainbow Conftrol Functions

Reset Mode
ESC

[

033

133

§+.++
*%%

073

Ps
073

1
**%

154

Reset mode sets one or more modes specified by selective parameters (Ps) in

the parameter string.

Table H-2 lists the ANSI-specified modes and their parameters (Ps). Table H-3

lists the ANSI-compatible private modes and their selective parameters. When
you change ANSI-compatible private modes, the first character in the parameter string is a question mark (?, octal 077). All parameters in the sequence are

interpreted as ANSI-compatible private parameters. This appendix explains
each mode in detail and provides the sequences to set and reset each mode.
Table H-2. ANSI-Specified Modes
Name

Parameter (Ps)

Error (ignored)
Keyboard action
Insertion-replacement
Line feed/new line

0
2
4
20

Table H-3. ANSI-Compatible Private Modes
Name

Parameter (Ps)

Error (ignored)

Cursor key
ANSI/VT52
Column

*In terminal mode only.

164

Origin
Auto-wrap
Auto-repeat
Printer form feed*
Printer extentTM

Scroll
Screen

Rainbow Control Functions

The following example shows the use of the question mark (used with ANSI private parameters) and semicolon (used with multiple parameters) The sequence
sets both column and scroll modes.
ESC

[

033

133

077

063

073

064

130

Table H-4 déscribes modes specified in ANSI X3.64-1979 that are permanently
set, permanently reset, or not applicable. See the ANSI standard for more

information about these modes.

NOTE
The application keypad and numeric keypad modes
are selected using dedicated escape sequences, not
set and reset mode control sequences. See Keypad
Character Selection in this appendix for more
information.

Table H-4. Permanently Selected Modes
Name

Control

Selection

Function

Reset

Rainbow computer representation
performs control functions without displaying a character to represent control function received.

Editing boundary

Erasure

Reset

Characters moved outside the margins
are lost; computer does not perform
erasing and cursor positioning functions outside the margins. This does
not affect horizontal and vertical position and cursor position sequences.

Set

All characters displayed can be erased.

Format effector action

Reset

Format effector transfer

N/A

Computer immediately performs con-

trol functions that affect the screen
display.

165

Rainbow Control Functions

Table H-4. Permanently Selected Modes(Cont)
Name

Selection

Function

Guarded area transfer

N/A

Horizontal editing

N/A

Multiple area transfer

N/A

Positioning unit

Reset

Computer specifies horizontal and ver-

tical positioning parameters in control
functions in units of character position.

Selected area transfer

N/A

Status reporting

Reset

Computer transmits transfer status
reports by using device status report
sequences.

Tabulation stop

N/A

Vertical editing

N/A

Scrolling
Scrolling is the upward or downward movement of existing lines on the screen.
This makes room for more display lines at either the top or bottom of the scrolling region. There are two methods of scrolling: jump scroll and smooth scroll.
You select the type of scrolling by using the following sequences.
Set Scroll Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

064

150

When set, this sequence selects smooth scroll. You set the smooth scroll rate in

Set-Up.

166

Rainbow Control Functions

Reset Scroll Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

0B4

154

When reset, this sequence selects jump scroll. Jump scroll lets the computer

add lines to the screen as fast as possible.

Scrolling Region

The scrolling region is the area of the screen defined by and including the top
and bottom margins. The margins determine which screen lines move during
scrolling. Characters added outside the scrolling region do not cause the screen
to scroll. The minimum size of the scrolling region is two lines. Therefore, the
line number of the top margin must be less than the number of the bottom margin. The origin mode selects line numbers relative to the whole screen or the
scrolling region.

After the margins are selected, the cursor moves to the home position (line 1,
column 1). The origin mode feature also affects the home position. You select
the top and bottom margins of the scrolling region by using the following control
sequence.

NOTE
When you power up or use the system reset command, the scrolling region becomes the full screen.
Pt and Pb represent variable numeric parameters.
The parameters are decimal numbers transmitted to

the computer as ASCII characters. Asterisks (**%)

represent one or more variable numeric parameters
in the octal sequence.

167

Rainbow Control Functions

Set Top and Bottom Margins
ESC

[

033

133

*%¥%

073

*%%

162

This sequence selects top and bottom margins, defining the scrolling region. Pt
is the line number of the first line in the scrolling region. Pb is the line number of
the bottom line. If Pt and Pb are not selected, the complete screen is used (no
margins).

Origin Mode
The origin mode determines if the cursor can move outside the scrolling region
(the area between the top and bottom margins). You can move the cursor outside the margins with the cursor position and horizontal and vertical position
sequences.

Lines on the screen are numbered according to the location of the home position. The cursor moves to the new home position whenever origin mode is

selected. You select origin mode by using the following sequences.

NOTE
When you power up or use the system reset command, origin mode resets.

Set Origin Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

066G

150

This sequence selects home position in scrolling region. Line numbers start at
top margin of scrolling region. The cursor cannot move out of the scrolling
region.

168

Rainbow Control Functions

Reset Origin Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

066

154

This sequence selects home position in upper-left corner of screen. Line num-

bers are independent of the scrolling region (absolute). Use cursor position and
horizontal and vertical position sequences to move cursor out of scrolling
region.

Cursor Positioning
The cursor indicates the active screen position where the computer will display
the next character. The cursor moves:
1.

One column to the right when the computer displays a character if the cur-

sor 1s at the beginning of the line. If the line is filled and auto-wrap 1s
enabled, the line may scroll if the cursor is at the end of the line.

One line down after a line feed (LF, octal 012), form feed (FF, octal 014),
or vertical tab (VT, octal 013) (line feed/new line may also move the cur-

sor to the left margin). If the cursor is at the bottom margin, this causes
an upward scroll.

One line up after a reverse index, if the cursor is at the top margin, it
causes a downward scroll.
To the left margin after a carriage return (CR, octal 015).
One column to the left after a backspace (BS, octal 010). If the cursor is
already at the beginning of the line, there is no movement.

To the next tab stop (or right margin, if no tabs are set) after a horizontal
tab character (HT, octal 011).
To the home position when the top and bottom margins of the scrolling
region or origin mode selection changes.

169

Rainbow Control Functions

You can also move the cursor by using the following sequences.

Cursor Up
ESC

[

033

133

A
**%

101

This sequence moves cursor up Pn lines in same column. Cursor stops at top
margin.

NOTE
Pn represents a variable numeric parameter. The
parameter is a decimal number transmitted to the
computer by using ASCII characters. If you select no
parameter or 0, the computer assumes the param-

eter equals 1. Asterisks (***) represent one or more

characters in the octal sequence.
.

Cursor Down
ESC

[

033

133

B
*%%

102

This sequence moves cursor down Pn lines in same column. Cursor stops at
bottom margin.

Cursor Forward
ESC

[

033

133

C
*%%

103

This sequence moves cursor right Pn columns. Cursor stops at right margin.

Cursor Backward
e

ESC

[

033

133

D
*%%

104

This sequence moves the cursor left Pn columns. Cursor stops at left margin.
170

Rainbow Control Functions

Cursor Position
Pl

ESC

[

033

133

5
*%%x

073

*%¥%*

110

This sequence moves the cursor to line Pl, column Pc. If Pl or Pc are not selected or selected as 0, the cursor moves to first line or column, respectively. Origin mode selects line numbering and has the ability to move the cursor into
margins.

NOTE
Pl and Pc represent variable numeric parameters.
The parameter is a decimal number that represents
one or more characters transmitted to the computer
as ASCII characters. Asterisks (***) represent the
variable parameter in the octal sequence.

The cursor position sequence operates the same as the horizontal and vertical
position sequence.

Cursor Position (Home)
H

ESC

[

033

133

110

This sequence moves the cursor to home position, selected by origin mode.
Horizontal and Vertical Position
ESC

[

033

133

5
*%%

Pec

073

*%x

1406

171

Rainbow Control Functions

Horizontal and Vertical Position (Home)
ESC

[

033

133

f
146

Cursor moves to home position selected by origin mode.
Index
ESC

D or

033

104

IND

204

This sequence moves the cursor down one line in same column. If the cursor is
at the bottom margin, the screen performs a scroll-up.
Reverse Index
ESC

M or

033

115

215

This sequence moves the cursor up one line in the same column. If the cursor is
at the top margin, the screen performs a scroll-down.

Next Line
ESC

E or

033

105

]

NEL

205

This sequence moves the cursor to the first position on the next line. If the cursor 1s at the bottom margin, the screen performs a scroll-up.

Save Cursor
ESC

033

067

This sequence saves cursor position, character attribute (graphic rendition),
character set, and origin mode selection. (See restore cursor.)

172

Rainbow Control Functions

Restore Cursor
ESC

033

070

This sequence restores previously saved cursor position, character attribute
(graphic rendition), character set, and origin mode selection. If none were
saved, the cursor moves to home position.
Columns Per Line

This mode selects the number of columns in a display line, 80 or 132. With
either selection, the screen can display 24 lines. Select the number of columns
per line by using the following control sequences.
NOTE
When you change the number of columns per line,
the screen is erased. This also sets the scrolling
region for full screen (24 lines) and sets all lines to
single-height, single-width.
Set Column Mode
*

ESC

[

033

133

077

063

150

This sequence selects 132 columns per line.
Reset Column Mode
7

ESC

[

033

133

077

063

154

This sequence selects 80 columns per line.

173

Rainbow Control Functions
Auto-Wrap
This mode selects where a received character will be displayed when the cursor

is at the right margin. You select auto-wrap by using the following control
sequences.

NOTE
Regardless of your auto-wrap Set-Up feature selec-

tion, the tab character never moves the cursor to the
next line.

Set Auto-Wrap Mode
T

ESC

[

033

133

h
A

077

0B7

1350

This sequence selects auto-wrap. Any display characters received when cursor
1S at right margin are displayed on the next line. The display scrolls up if cursor

is at end of the scrolling region.

Reset Auto-Wrap Mode
s

ESC

[

033

133

077

067

154

This sequence turns auto-wrap off. Display characters received when cursor is
at right margin replace previously displayed character.

Screen Mode (Background)
This mode selects either light (reverse) or dark display background on the
screen. You select screen mode by using the following control sequences.

Set Screen Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

0BS

150

This sequence selects reverse screen, a white screen background with black

characters.

174

Rainbow Control Functions

Reset Screen Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

065

134

This sequence selects normal screen, a black screen background with white

characters.
Line Feed/New Line
This mode selects the control character(s) transmitted by (Retun
). The line
feed/new line mode also selects the action taken by the computer when receiv-

ing line feed, form feed, and vertical tab. Table H-5 provides a summary of the
feature. You select line feed/new line mode by using the following control
sequences.

Table H-5. Line Feed/New Line Feature
Feature
Selection

Key
Pressed

Character
Sent

Character Function
Received

Off (reset)

Return

CR - cursor moves to left margin.

Off (reset)

LF (line feed)

LF, FF, VT — cursor moves to next
line but stays in same column.

On (set)

Return

CRLF

CR - cursor moves to the left margin
of the next line.

On (set)

LF (line feed)

LF CR

LF, FF, VT — cursor moves to left
margin of next line.

Set Line Feed/New Line Mode
ESC

[

033

133

062

06O

130

This sequence causes a received line feed, form feed, or vertical tab to move
cursor to first column of next line. Pressing the Return key transmits both a
carriage return and line feed. This selection is also called new line option.

175

Rainbow Control Functions
Reset Line Feed/New Line Mode
ESC

[

033

133

062

06O

154

This sequence causes a received line feed, form feed, or vertical tab to move
cursor to next line in current column. Pressing the Return key transmits a car-

riage return.
Keyboard Action Mode
Keyboard action mode lets the computer turn the keyboard on or off. This mode
always resets when you enter Set-Up. You select keyboard action mode by

AOGIREE

using the following control sequences.

Set Keyboard Action Mode
ESC

[

033

133

h
062

150

This sequence turns off the keyboard and turns on the Wait indicator.
st

Reset Keyboard Action Mode
ESC

[

033

133

062

154

This sequence turns on the keyboard and turns off the Wait indicator.

Auto-Repeat Mode
This mode selects automatic key repeating. If you press a key for more than
one-half second, the computer automatically repeats the transmission of the
character. Key repeating does not affect

RS,

(setup), (Esc), and (Hold Screen) . You

select auto-repeat mode by using the following sequences.
g

176

Rainbow Control Functions

Set Auto-Repeat Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

070

130

This sequence selects auto-repeat. If you press a key for more than one-half
second, it automatically repeats.

Reset Auto Repeat Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

070

1354

This sequence turns off auto-repeat. Keys do not automatically repeat.
Local Echo (Keyboard Send-Receive Mode)
This mode selects local echo (only in terminal mode) which causes every character transmitted by the Rainbow computer to be automatically displayed on the
screen. Therefore, the host computer does not have to transmit (echo) the
character back to the Rainbow computer for display. When local echo is off, the
Rainbow computer only transmits characters to the host computer. The host
computer must echo the characters back to the Rainbow computer for display.
You select send-receive mode by using the following control sequences.
Set Send-Receive Mode
ESC

[

033

133

061

062

130

This sequence turns off local echo. The Rainbow computer transmits characters
to the host computer, which must echo characters for display on screen.
Reset Send-Receive Mode
ESC

[

033

133

061

062

134

This sequence selects local echo. The computer automatically displays characters transmitted to the host computer on the screen.
177

Rainbow Control Functions
Cursor Key Character Selection
Cursor key mode selects the set of characters transmitted by the cursor keys.
See Table H-6 for the codes transmitted by the cursor keys. You select cursor
key mode by using the following control sequences.

NOTE
When you power up or use a system reset command,
cursor key mode resets.
i

Table H-6. ANSI Cursor Confrol Key Codes
fLT

Cursor Key

Down

Right

Left

Cursor Key Mode
Reset Sends
Cursor Control
Sequence

Cursor Key Mode
Set Generates
Application
Functions

ESC[A

ESCOA

033133 101

033117 101

ESCI[B

ESCOB

033133102

033117102

ESC[C

ESCOC

033 133 103

033117103

ESC[D

ESCOD

033 133 104

033117 104

oA,

178
T,

Rainbow Control Functions

Set Cursor Key Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

061

150

This sequence selects cursor keys to generate (application) functions.
Reset Cursor Key Mode
ESC

[

033

133

077

061

154

This sequence selects cursor keys to generate cursor control sequences.
Keypad Character Selection
The numeric keypad generates either numeric characters or control functions.

Selecting application or numeric keypad mode determines the type of characters. The program function (PF) keys generate the same characters regardless
of the keypad character selection. See Table H-7 for the characters generated

by the keypad. You select the keypad mode by using the following escape
sequences.

NOTE
When you power up or use a system reset command,

the computer selects numeric keypad mode.
Select Application Keypad Mode
ESC

033

075

This sequence selects application keypad mode. Keypad generates control
functions.

179

Rainbow Control Functions

Table H-7. ANSI Keypad Codes

Key
0

Numeric Keypad
Mode Codes

Application Keypad
Mode Codes

0
060

033117 160

ESCOp

ESCOq

061

033117 161

ESCOr

062

033117 162

ESCOs

063

033117 163

ESCOt

064

033117 164

5
065

ESCOu
033117 165

6
066

ESCOv
033117 166

7
067

ESCOw
033117 167

070

ESC O x
033117170

9
071

033117171

— (minus)

,(comma)

.(period)

ENTER*

PF1

180

ESCOy

— (minus)

ESCOm

055

033117 155

,(comma)

ESCOI1

054

033117 154

.(period)

ESCOn

056

033117 156

CRor CRLF
015015012

033117115

ESCOM

ESCOP

033117120

033117 120

Rainbow Control Functions

Table H-7. ANSI Keypad Codes (Cont)

Key
PF2

PF3

Numeric Keypad
Mode Codes

Application Keypad
Mode Codes

ESCOQ
033117 121

ESCOQ
033117121

ESCOR

ESCOS
033117 122

ESCOS
033117123

033117 122

PF4

033117122

* In numeric keypad mode, the Enter key generates the same characters as the Return key.
You can change the Return key character code with the line feed/new line feature. When off,
this feature causes the Enter key to generate a single control character (CR, octal 015). When
on, this feature causes the Enter key to generate two characters (CR, octal 015 and LF, octal
012).

Select Numeric Keypad Mode
ESC

033

076

This sequence selects numeric keypad mode. Keypad generates characters that
match the numeric, comma, period, and minus sign keys on the main keyboard.
NOTE
In ANSI mode, if the codes are echoed back to the

computer or if the computer is off-line, the last character of the escape sequence is displayed on the
screen; for example, PF4 is displayed as an S.

Character Set Selection (GO)
Select U.K. Character Set
A

ESC

(

033

050

101

181

Rainbow Control Functions
Cursor Position Report
Request Cursor Position Report
ESC

[

033

133

n
066

156

The computer response is:
ESC

[

033

133

*#%

073

*%%

127

Computer reports cursor position in response to the Device Status Report
sequence request. Plindicates line and Pc indicates column. No parameters, or

parameters of 0, indicate cursor is at the home position. Origin mode determines whether line numbering is relative to the top of the screen or the top of

the scrolling region.

Device Affributes
AP

Request Rainbow Computer Identification
ESC

[

033

133

143

ESC
033

[

O
133

¢
060

143

Identify Terminal
ESC

033

132

A request for Rainbow computer identification. Rainbow computer uses device

attributes to respond. Future Digital computers may not support this sequence.
Therefore, new software should use device attributes.

Request Device Attributes
ESC

[

033

133

077

066

143
A,

Rainbow response: “I am a VT102.”
182

Rainbow Control Functions

Reset to Initial State
Reset the Computer to Its Initial State
ESC

033

143

NOTE
It is recommended that this not be used due to
unpredictable results.

Screen Alignment Adjustments

The computer has a screen alignment pattern that lets Field Service personnel
adjust the screen. Display the screen alignment pattern by using the following
sequence.

Display Screen Alignment
ESC

033

043

070

Fills screen with uppercase Es for screen focus and alignment. This command is
used by Digital Manufacturing and Field Service personnel.
VT152-Compatible Control Functions

VT52-compatible control functions meet Digital standards. Therefore, the
computer can use existing software designed for previous computers (such
as the VT52). You can select VT52 compatibility from the keyboard in Set-Up
or the computer can use a sequence.

NOTE

In VT52 mode, control characters and displayable
characters are processed just as in ANSI mode.

183

Rainbow Control Functions
St

Select U.S. Character Set
ESC

(

033

050

B
102

Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Character Set
O

ESC

(

033

030

060

Character Set Selection (G1)

Select U.K. Character Set
ESC

)

033

031

A
101

Select U.S. Character Set
ESC

)

033

051

Aoy,

102

Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Character Set
ESC

)

033

031

O
06O

Select G2 and G3 for one character by using the following escape sequences.
Select Single Shift 2
ESC

Nor

033

116

552

216
A

This sequence selects G2 (default) character set for one character. You select
G2 in Set-Up.
e

184

Rainbow Control Functions
Select Single Shift 3
ESC

0 or

033

117

5853
217

This sequence selects G3 (default) character set for one character. You select

G3in Set-Up.

Character Attributes
The computer can display the following character attributes that change the
character display without changing the character.
Underline
2.

Reverse video (character background opposite of the screen background
feature)

Blink

Bold (increased intensity)
Any combination of these attributes (applied in the order of reception)

You can select one or more character attributes at one time. Selecting an attribute does not turn off other attributes already selected. After you select an
attribute, all characters received by the computer are displayed with that attri-

bute. If you move the characters by scrolling, the attribute moves with the characters. You select the character attributes by using the following control
sequences.

Turn Off Character Attributes
ESC

[

033

133

or ESC
155

033

[

O
133

m
0B0O

1585

Select Bold (Increased Intensity)
ESC

[

033

133

m
061

135

185

Rainbow Control Functions

Select Underline
ESC

[

033

133

n
064

155
Y,

Select Blink
ESC

[

033

133

m
064

1595

Select Reverse Video

ESC

[

033

133

m
067

155
N

Tab Stops

You select tab stop positions on the horizontal lines of the screen. The cursor

advances (tabs) to the next tab stop when the computer receives a horizontal
tab (HT, octal 011). If no tab stops are set, horizontal tab moves the cursor to

the right margin. Set and clear the tab stops by using the following sequences.
e

Set Horizontal Tabulation
ESC
033

HOATr HTS
210

110

This sequence sets a horizontal tab stop at the current cursor position.
Y

Clear Tab Stop
ESC

[

033

133

¢ 9
147

ESC
033

[

O
133

4
060

147

This sequence clears a horizontal tab stop at the current cursor position.

Clear All Horizontal Tab Stops
ESC[ 3 4
033

186

133

0GB3

147

Rainbow Control Functions

Line Affributes
These are display features that affect a complete display line. The cursor

selects the line affected by the attribute. The cursor stays in the same character
position when the attribute changes. However, if the attribute would move the
cursor past the right margin, the cursor stops at the right margin. When you
move lines on the screen by scrolling, the attribute moves with the line. You
select line attributes by using the following escape sequences.

NOTE
|
If you erase an entire line by using the erase in display sequence, the line attribute changes to single-

height and single-width.

Double-Height Line
Top Half:

Bottom Half:

ESC

ECC

033

043

033

043

3
063

4
o064

This sequence makes the line with the cursor the top or bottom half of a doubleheight, double-width line. Sequences work in pairs on adjacent lines. The same
character must be used on both lines to form full characters. If the line was
single-width, single-height, all characters to the right of center are lost.

Select Single-Width Line
ESC

033

043

5
063

This sequence makes the line with the cursor single-width, single-height. This
is the line attribute for all new lines on screen.

187

Rainbow Control Functions
Select Double-Width Line
ESC

033

043

6
066

Makes the line with the cursor double-width, single-height. If the line was

single-width, single-height, all characters to the right of center screen are lost.
Erasing

Erasing removes characters from the screen without affecting other characters
on the screen. Erased characters are lost. The cursor position does not change
when erasing characters or lines.

If you erase a line by using the erase in display sequence, the line attribute
becomes single-height, single-width. If you erase a line by using the erase in line
sequence, the line attribute is not affected.
e,

Erasing a character also erases any character attribute of the character. You
erase characters by using the following sequences.
Erase in Line
ESC

[

033

133

pr
113

ESC
033

[

O
133

K
060

113

This sequences erases from cursor to end of line, including cursor position.
Erase from Beginning of Line
ESC

[

033

133

061

113

This sequence erases from beginning of the line to cursor, including cursor
position.

188

Rainbow Control Functions

Erase Complete Line
ESC

[

033

133

K
062

113

This sequence erases complete line.
Erase in Display
J

ESC

[

033

133

112

ESC

[

033

133

06O

112

This sequence erases complete line from cursor to end of screen, including cursor position.

Erase Display from Beginning of Screen
ESC

[

033

133

J
061

112

This display erases from beginning of screen to cursor, including cursor
position.

Erase Complete Display
ESC

[

033

133

J
062

112

This sequence erases all lines and changes them to single-width. Cursor does
not move.

Computer Editing
Editing allows the computer to insert or delete characters and lines of charac-

ters at the cursor position. The cursor position does not change when inserting
or deleting lines. You delete characters or insert and delete lines by using the
following control sequences.

189

Rainbow Control Functions

Delete Character
ESC

[

033

133

P
**x%x

120

This sequence deletes Pn characters, starting with character at cursor position.

When a character is deleted, all characters to the right of cursor move left. This
creates a space character at right margin. This character has all attributes off.

Insert Line
ESC

[

033

133

L
**%

114

This sequence inserts Pn lines at line with cursor. Lines displayed below cursor
move down. Lines moved past the bottom margin are lost. This sequence is

ignored when cursor is outside the scrolling region.

Delete Line
ESC

[

033

133

M
*%*%x

115

This sequence deletes Pn lines starting at line with cursor. As lines are deleted,
lines displayed below cursor move up. Lines added to bottom of screen have

spaces with same character attributes as last line moved up. This sequence is

ignored when cursor is outside the scrolling region.
Inserting and Replacing Characters
The computer displays received characters at the cursor position. This mode

determines how the computer adds characters to the screen. Insert mode displays the character and moves previously displayed characters to the right.

Replace mode adds characters by replacing the character at the cursor position.
You select insertion-replacement mode by using the following control
sequences.

190

Rainbow Control Functions

Set Insertion-Replacement Mode
4

ESC

[

033

133

064

150

This sequence selects insert mode. New display characters move old display
characters to the right. Characters moved past the right margin are lost.
Reset Insertion-Replacement Mode
4

ESC

[

033

133

1
064

134

This sequence selects replace mode. New display characters replace old display
characters at the cursor position. The old character is erased.
Printing in Terminal Mode

The Rainbow computer has a serial printer interface for local printing. The host
computer can select all print operations by using control sequences. You can
select only two of the print operations from the keyboard, auto-print and print
screen.

When you print characters from the screen, the Rainbow computer and printer
tab stops are ignored. Print characters are spaced with the space (SP, octal
040) character. The computer transmits a carriage return (CR, octal 015) and
line feed (LF, octal 012) after the last printable character of a line, but does not
transmit a space character. A line of double-height characters prints as two
identical lines of single-width characters. Double-width characters print as
single-width characters on a single line.
Before you select a print operation, check the printer status by using the printer
status report in ANSI mode. Do not select a print operation if the serial printer
is not ready to print. You select print operations by using the following control
sequences.

191

Rainbow Control Functions

Copy Media (Auto Print ON)
ESC

[

033

133

5§

077

063

151

This sequence turns on auto-print. A display line prints after you move cursor
off the line, using a line feed, form feed, or vertical tab (also transmitted to
printer).

The line also prints during an auto-wrap. Auto-wrap lines end with a CR, LF.

Copy Media (Auto Print Off)
ESC

[

033

133

077

064

151

This sequence turns off auto-print.
A

NOTE
Printer controller has a higher priority than auto-

print. Therefore, you can select printer controller
and print characters during auto-print.

Copy Media (Printer Controller On)
ESC

[

033

133

i
065

151

This sequence turns on printer controller. The computer transmits received
characters to printer without displaying them. The computer does not insert or
delete spaces, provide line delimiters, or select the correct printer character
RO

set.

Copy Media (Printer Controller Off)
ESC

[

033

133

064

151

This sequence turns off printer controller. Always move printhead to left margin
before turning off printer controller.

192

Rainbow Control Functions

Copy Media (Print Cursor Line)
7

ESC

[

033

133

077

061

151

This sequence prints display line with cursor. Cursor position does not change.
Print cursor line ends when the line prints.

Copy Media (Print Screen)
i

ESC

[

033

133

or ESC
151

033

[

O
133

1
06O

151

This sequence prints the screen. Printer extent selects full screen or scrolling
region to print. Select scrolling region by using set top and bottom margins
sequence. Print screen ends when screen prints.
Printer Extent in Terminal Mode

This mode selects the full screen or the scrolling region to print during a print
screen. You select printer extent mode by using the following sequences.
Set Printer Extent Mode
7

ESC

[

033

133

077

061

071

130

This sequence selects the full screen to print during a print screen.
Reset Printer Extent Mode

ESC [
033

? 1 9 1

133

077

061

071

154

This sequence selects the scrolling region to print during a print screen.

193

Rainbow Control Functions

Print Termination Character in Terminal Mode
This mode determines if the computer should transmit a print termination char-

acter after a print screen. The form feed (octal, 014) control character serves as
the print termination character. You select printer form feed mode by using the

following control sequences.

Set Termination Character
AR

ESC

[

033

133

077

0B1

070

1350

This sequence selects form feed as print termination character. The computer
transmits this character to the printer after each print screen.

Reset Termination Character
ESC

[

033

133

077

1
061

070

154

This sequence selects no termination character.

Reports
The Rainbow computer transmits reports in response to escape sequence
requests. Reports determine computer emulation type and status, and cursor
position. The report requests and responses are as follows.

Request Device Status Report
ESC

[

033

133

n
S

065

156

Computer requests a status report (using a Device Status Report sequence).

194

Rainbow Control Functions

The computer response is as follows:
O

ESC

[

033

133

060

156

which means, “Ready, no malfunctions detected.”
The next four codes are other computer responses that can occur and apply to
terminal only.
7

ESC

[

033

133

077

061

063

1956

Computer requests a printer status report. The computer checks the status of
the printer. This report should be requested before any print operation.
ESC

[

033

133

077

061

0B3

156

Printer is not connected to computer. The ready signal of the printer has not
been on since the computer was turned on.
7

ESC

033

133

077

061

0B1

156

Printer is not ready to print. The ready signal was on, but is now off.
7

ESC

[

033

133

077

061

0BO

136

Printer ready to print. The ready signal is on.

195

[

Glossary

ANSI

American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.
The Rainbow computer responds to certain control functions standardized by
ANSI.
Answerback message

A short message of up to 20 characters that the Rainbow computer transmits
upon receipt of an enquiry (ENQ) control character; generated by a (Ctri/Break)
and sent to a remote computer or (optionally) upon first starting communications
in terminal mode.

Arbitration

A circuit in the Rainbow computer that decides which event has priority.
ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, in which each character is
represented by a 7- or 8-bit code; included are numbers, letters, punctuation, and
special control characters.

197

Glossary
A

Asymmetrical
A communications protocol in the Rainbow computer that uses the secondary

channel of a half-duplex modem to provide full-duplex operation. (The modem
requires a special cable.)
L

Asynchronous
A communications method in which the data has its own synchronizing information
in start and stop signals.

Affribute

A characteristic assigned to a character or a word, such as boldface, underlined,
or blinking.

Auto-Answerback
A feature in the Rainbow computer that allows it to send its answerback message
to a remote computer when communication is established between them.

Auto-Screen Blank
A feature in the Rainbow computer that turns off the display on the monitor after
30 minutes, leaving only a phantom blinking cursor.

Auto-Wrap
A

A feature in the Rainbow computer that prevents characters from printing over
the last character on a line; instead, they continue printing on the next line.

Auto-XON/XOFF
A feature in the Rainbow computer that automatically synchronizes it to a remote

computer so as not to lose data.

Baudrate
A

The speed at which data bits are transmitted; for example, bits per second.

198

Glossary

Bell System-type modem
A communications data set that translates computer signals to standard telephone
transmission signals, and vice versa.
Binary

Two-valued arithmetic or logic, using values 1 and 0. All computer programs use
the binary form.

Bit
A binary digit; the smallest unit of information in a binary form, represented as
eitheralorao.

Block diagram
A simplified drawing that uses boxes and interconnecting lines to represent the

components of a system and their relationships.

Boot (Bootstrap)
1) A small program executed when the computer is turned on whose purpose is to
load and start a larger program or the operating system. 2) To start such a
program.

Break
1) To open. 2) A signal to stop transmission. 3) A space (0) on the transmit data
line if transmission is enabled. 4) The key used to generate such a signal.

Buffer

A storage area meant to temporarily hold data being transferred between two
devices.
-

Bug

An instruction or sequence of instructions in a program that causes unexpected
results.

199

Glossary
Bus
A conductor through which signals are transmitted between a source and a
destination.

Byte

One character position; eight bits of binary data.

CCITT

Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephoniques (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee), which sets international communications standards.

Channel
A path for electrical transmission between two points.

Character
A single letter, number, or symbol of information.

Character set
One of several groups of characters that can be generated by a keyboard.

Command
An instruction to a computer program, entered by typing on the keyboard.

Contention
A conflict between the two processors in the Rainbow computer over a signal’s
availability.

Control function
An action that affects the processing, transmission, or interpretation of data.

Control (Ctrl)
s

The key used to start a control function.

200

Glossary

Contfroller

An electronic unit that acts as a link between the processor and a peripheral
device.

CRC

1) Cyclic redundancy check for errors. 2) The circuit that performs this check.
Cursor

The blinking marker on the monitor that indicates where the next character you
type will be positioned.
Data

A general term for information (numbers, letters, and symbols), stored, for example, on a diskette.

Default

The value of a selection assumed by the computer when a specific value is not
supplied by the user.

Delimiter

A character that terminates a character string or message, or separates it from
surrounding text.

Diagnostic program

A program that detects and isolates malfunctions.
Disk

A platter on which data is recorded magnetically. It features random access and
faster access time than magnetic tape.

Diskette

A flexible, removable, magnetic disk; also known as a floppy disk.

201

Glossary

Diskette drive
A peripheral device that reads and writes on a disk or diskette.

Duplex
In communications, simultaneous, two-way, independent transmission in both

directions; also called full-duplex.

EIA
1) Electronic Industry Association, 2001 Eye Street N.W., Washington, D.C.
20006. 2) A communications standard set by the EIA. 3) A signal that conforms to

EIA standards.

8088 processor
A single-chip, 16-bit, parallel, central processing unit manufactured by Intel

Corporation.

Emulation
A Rainbow feature that enables control functions similar to those of the VT52

DECscope or those that agree with current ANSI standards.

EOT

|
End-of-transmission control character, created by typing

)

Escape (ESC)

The code that provides supplementary characters or commands to the computer
when sent before such characters or commands.

FCC
Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C.

FDXA
A full-duplex communications protocol that does not use modem control signals.
a5

202

Glossary

FDXB

A full-duplex communications protocol that uses modem control signals.
FDXC

A full-duplex communications protocol that uses modem control signals on a halfduplex modem; requires a special cable.
Firmware

A program of instructions that is in read-only memory (ROM) so it will not be
changed. The Rainbow computer’s firmware includes a selftest program that runs
when you turn the computer on and displays the Main System Menu.
Floppy disk
A diskette.

Formatted diskette

A diskette that has its data track pattern already recorded on its surface. The
Rainbow computer uses diskettes that are formatted at the factory.
Form feed

A nonprinting character that causes a printer to advance its paper to the beginning
of the next page.

Full-duplex

A communications method that allows transmit and receive data at the same time.
Hard disk
A rigid magnetic disk used to store data.
Hardware

Physical computer equipment; mechanical, electrical, or electronic devices.

203

Glossary

Hertz (Hz)

A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.

Index
1) To move the cursor down to the same character position on the next line. 2)
The small hole in the diskette that marks the beginning of the recorded tracks.

Interrupt

1) To break the normal operation of a program being executed. 2) The signal that
causes such a break.

Key

A single button on the keyboard that, when pressed, sends a letter, number, symbol, or function code to the keyboard’s electronic circuitry.

Keyboard
The typing device that causes characters and commands to be generated when its

keys are pressed.

Keyclick

An audible sound made by the tone generator inside the keyboard when a key is
pressed. In the Rainbow computer the keyclick volume is adjustable in Set-Up.

Lead screw
The screw that guides the read/write heads of the RX50 dual-diskette drive to the
correct track on a diskette.

Load
To insert a diskette into the diskette drive and close its door.

Main memory
The main storage area in a computer from which instructions are taken and

executed.

204

ol AOEE

Glossary

Mark state

The presence of a signal, or logical 1 condition, on the communications line.
Mass storage medium

A product, such as a diskette, on which large amounts of data can be stored for
ready access by a processor.

A list of services or functions displayed on the monitor from which you select one
for the computer to do.
Mode

A state, such as line or local mode, or method of operation, such as terminal
mode.

Modem

A telephone modulator-demodulator; a device that modulates signals for transmission over communications lines and demodulates them for reception.
Modulation

The process of changing some feature (amplitude, frequency, or phase) of a carrier signal to transmit the computer’s data signals.

Monitor

1) The device that contains the video screen. 2) The video screen itself.
Monochromatic
Having only one color.
New line mode

A feature in the Rainbow computer that, when in effect, causes the cursor to
move to the beginning of the next line when the Return key is pressed.

205

Glossary
IS

Parameter

1) A variable that you give a specific value in order to set a feature of the Rainbow

computer. 2) A selection in Set-Up.

Parity
1) A method of checking for correct data that involves counting the 1 bits in each
character’s data pattern, and then making the sum either even or odd. 2) The

choice in Set-Up for the method of checking parity, whether even, odd, mark,

space, or no parity.

Peripheral device
An active device of a computer system, such as a diskette drive or a printer, that
extends the system’s capacity or functionality.

TS,

Port
A connector on the back of the system unit that allows you to connect a peripheral

device to the computer.

Processor

The functional part of the computer that uses instructions to perform computation
or manipulation of data. The 8088 and the Z80A processor chips in the Rainbow

computer are examples.
P

Protocol
The format the computer uses to transmit and receive communications signals.

RAM

Random-access memory; a computer’s main memory to which data is written and
from which data is read. This memory can be expanded in the Rainbow computer

by adding the memory extension option.

206

Glossary

RS-232-C
EIA standard for communications equipment. Off or mark signals canbe —3V to
— 25 V; on or space signals canbe +3 Vto +25V.
RS-423

EIA standard for digital interface circuits. Signals for a binary 1 state canbe —4 'V
to —6 V; signals for a binary 0 state canbe +4 Vto +6 V.
ROM
1) Read-only memory; the memory in the Rainbow computer that contains the
instructions for the power-up and reset sequences, the selftest, and the program

that interprets the keyboard’s keys. 2) Firmware.

Scraich diskette
A diskette used for temporary storage of data. It may contain data you do not care
to save, or be a blank, formatted diskette.
Screen width
1) The maximum number of characters that can be displayed across the monitor
on one line. 2) The setting in Set-Up that allows you to select 80 or 132 columns
on the monitor.

Secondary channel
The communications line for control signals on a half-duplex modem.
Sector
One-tenth of a track on a diskette; it holds 512 data characters.
Serial fransmission
A method of transferring data in which the bits of the characters are sent sequen-

tially on a single path.

207

Glossary
AN

Set-Up
The state of the Rainbow computer that allows you to change the settings of its
variable features.

Space
The absence of a signal on the communications line; a logical 0 condition.

AP,

Specifications
The physical dimensions and functional features of a product.

Stop bit(s)
One or two pulses at the end of a character’s data pattern that signal(s) the end of
that pattern.

Synchronization
1) Operation in exact coincidence in time or rate. 2) Timing.
S

Synchronous
1) Having identical time periods. 2) Pertaining to a communications format in

which each data character uses the same time period. The data, including blank
time, is controlled by an external clock device or modem.
AR

System
A combination of hardware and software that performs specific processing
operations.

System module
The main circuit board where the processors and main memory reside.

SR,

System unit
The enclosure that holds the system module and the disk drives.

208

Glossary

Terminal mode
1) An operational mode in the Rainbow computer that allows it to act like a terminal, such as a VT102 video terminal. 2) Selection T on the Main System Menu.

Track
A path on a diskette that holds data. There are 80 tracks on each diskette.

Troubleshooting

Isolating a problem to a specific cause.

V152
1) The VT52 DECscope; a video terminal manufactured by Digital Equipment

Corporation. 2) A Set-Up feature in the Rainbow computer that allows the computer to use control functions similar to those of the VI'52 DECscope.

XON/XOFF
1) The control characters that synchronize the Rainbow computer to a remote
computer so that data transmitted between them is not lost. XON starts-data

transmission, XOFF stops it. 2) The Set-Up feature that enables these characters

- automatically. (See Auto-XON/XOFF.)
Z80A processor
A single-chip, 8-bit, parallel central processing unit manufactured by Zilog, Inc.

209

Wit

e ——

Index

ANSI (American National Standards

CCITT, 58, 71-74

Institute), 35

Character codes, 22,33, 42, Appendix F
Color monitor, Appendix G

ANSI/VT52, 33, 35
Answerback message, 42

ASCII, 37

Asymmetrical protocol, 68, 70
Auto-answerback
enabling features, 33, 40
entering message, 42
Auto-boot, 49, 50, 51
Auto-screen blank, 33, 37, 38

connection to a remote

computer, 65, 66

COMM connector
location, 7, 8, 11
loopback plug, Appendix C

signal and pin assignments, 72-74
Compose character key, 4, 19,20, 21,22
Compose character sequences, 20, 21,

Auto-wrap, 33, 36

Appendix E

Auto-XON/XOFF

Control functions, Appendix H

role in communication, 39, 70

selection, 33, 39

Copying onto a diskette, 83
Correspondence/Data processing
keyboard, 33, 34

Ctrl key, 19

B
Baud rate

Cursor
control keys, 15-17

communication, 44, 46, 73, 74

phantom, 37, 38

printer, 47, 57

selection, 33, 35

Break, 19, 33, 38, 40, 44, 67,68, 69, 71

211

Index

D‘

Data Terminal Ready
(DTR), 11, 58, 68, 69, 71, 74

FCC, copyright page, 11, 54

Default, 29, 32, 37

ARG

FDXA

connect conditions, 68
defined, 68

Diagnostic

add new diagnostic to diskette, 83, 84
messages, Appendix B

disconnect conditions, 68
selection, 46

FDXB

tests, 77

connect conditions, 69

Disconnect

defined, 68, 69

character use enable, 33, 40
delay, 33, 41

disconnect conditions, 69
selection, 46

Diskette diagnostic test

error messages, Appendix B
extended test, 85
individual test menu, 84, 87
install new diagnostic, 83, 84

FDXC

connect conditions, 70
defined, 68, 70

disconnect conditions, 70
selection, 46

keyboard test, 87, 88

loading the diskette, 83
printer confidence test, 87, 88
test computer, 84, 85
test drives A and B, 83, 84
video alignment pattern, 87, 88
video controller test, 87, 88

Dual-diskette drive
description, 12

installing protective card in, 12, 13
removal, 7
specifications, Appendix A

Full-duplex, 46, 67-70
Function key, 17, 18, 19
G

Graphics option, 8, 10, Appendix G

H
Hard disk drive, 8, 10, 12, 49,
Appendix G

Help key, 28, Appendix B

Hold screen, 19, 21, 22

E
8088 processor, 8, 10
Editing keys, 16, 17

Emulation VT52/ANSI, 33, 35

Keyboard

Environment, Appendix A

features, 15-23

international, Appendix D

Escape sequences,

(see Control functions)

label strip, 16, Appendix D
lights, 4, 21, 22
Keyclick
off and on, 33, 36

volume adjustment, 48, 49

212

Index

LLA50 Personal Printer, 11, 46, 53, 54
LLA100 Letterprinter 100,11, 46,53, 54
Language selection, 23

NRC (National Replacement

Light display, 8, 79, Appendix B
Local and line modes, 30

Numeric keypad keys, 17, 18

Local echo, 33, 38

Lock, 16, 21, 22
Lock mode, 22, 33, 41

LQPO02 Letter-Quality
Printer, 11, 46, 53, 54

Character codes), 22, Appendix F
New line mode, 33, 37

Options, 8, 10, Appendix G

P
Parameter Settings major heading, 31
Parity

Manuals

changing, 44, 45

reference, Appendix C
ordering, Appendix C
Margin bell
changing volume, 48, 49

received character, 33, 40

selecting, 33, 36

Memory option, 8, 10, Appendix G

Parts list, Appendix C
PF1-PF4 keys, 18

Power Set-Up feature (50/60 Hz), 33, 37
Power supply, Appendix A
Printer

connector signals, 58

Memory size, 8, 10, 27

Messages, Appendix B

data bits and parity, 45, 47, 56, 57

Miscellaneous major heading, 48

transmit and receive

Modem

changing data bits and parity, 44, 45
connection, 62—65
defined, 11
full-duplex, 68-70
half-duplex, 68-70
protocol, 68-70
setting receive baud rate, 45, 46

speed, 47, 48, 56, 57
Print extent, 33, 39

Print screen key, 19, 59, 60

Print termination character, 33, 39
Protective card, 12, 13

setting transmit baud rate, 44, 45

Received character parity, 33, 40

stop bits, 33, 39

Reset, 51

Monitor

RLSD

cleaning, 3

(receive line signal detector), 69, 73
RS-232-C standard, 58, 71

Rainbow, 3

RS-423 standard, 58, 71

color, Appendix G

RX50 controller module, 9, 12
RX50 dual-disk drive, 12

213

iy,

Index
power, 33, 37

S
Screen width, 33, 35

print extent, 33, 39

Scroll

print termination chafacter, 33, 39

jump/smooth, 33, 34

recall values, 50

rate, 48, 49

receive character parity, 33, 40

region, 39

save values, 50

Selftest

screen background, 33, 36

messages, Appendix B

screen width, 33, 35

selection, 80, 81

scroll, 33, 34

Set-Up

scroll rate, 48, 49

auto-answerback, 33, 40, 42, 43

tabs, 29, 30, 31

auto-boot, 49 50

Specifications, Appendix A

auto-screen blank, 33, 37, 38
auto-wrap, 33, 36

auto-XON/XOFF, 33, 39
bell volume, 48, 49
character codes, 33, 42
correspondence/data

Stop bits, 39

System module, 1, 8, 9
System reset, 51
System unit, 1, 6, 54, 62, 63, 79

processing, 33, 34

cursor, 33, 35

Terminal mode 74

default character set, 33, 37
default values, 29, 33

Testing
diskette diagnostic, 83—-89

disconnect character use, 33, 40

internal diagnostic, 77-82

disconnect delay, 33, 41
emulation, 33, 35

messages, Appendix B

Translation, (7-, 8-bit), Appendix F

help, 28

Transmit break, 33, 38

key, 19, 26
keyboard language, 23, 33, 42
keyclick, 33, 36

keyclick volume, 48, 49
language, 23, 42

Troubleshooting, 91-93
P

Wait light, 21, 22

local echo, 33, 38

Winchester disk (see hard disk drive)

local and line, 30
lock mode, 33, 41

margin bell, 33, 36
miscellaneous, 48, 49

modem stop bits, 33, 39

XON/XOFF (see Auto-XON/XOFF)

new line mode, 33, 37

parameter settings, 31-42

Z80
A processor, 8, 10

214

transmit break, 33, 38

auto-repeat, 33, 36

modem, 44

b gy

printer, 46, 47, 56, 57

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