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Document:	RV20 Optical Disk Subsystem Owner's Manual
Order Number:	EK-ORV20-OM
Revision:	001
Pages:	52
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-ORV20-OM-001

RV20
Optical Disk Subsystem
Owner's Manual

dlijgliltiali

EK-ORV20-OM-001

RV20

Optical Disk Subsystem
Owner's Manual

Prepared by Educational Serices
of Digital Equipment Corporation

1st Edition, January, 1988

The reproduction of this material, in part or whole, is strictly prohibited. For copy
information, contact the Educational Services Department, Digital Equipment
Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Digital Equipment

Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
WARNING

Use of controls and adjustments or performance of procedures other than
those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

DANGER

CLASS 1

INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN.

LASER PRODUCT

AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM.

LEGAL NOTICE: TMSCP and STI protocols and documentation are the proprietary

information of Digital Equipment Corporation. UNIBUS/Q-BUS/BI-BUS port drivers
and documentation for MSCP/TMSCP products are also proprietary information of
Digital Equipment Corporation.

NOTICE: This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy. It has been type
tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance

with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio and television interference in a residential in-

stallation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard,
Massachusetts.

dlifaliltlal1

DEC

DECUS

Professional

UNIBUS

DECwriter

Q-Bus

VAX

DECmate

DIBOL

Rainbow

VAXstation

DECnet

MASSBUS

RSTS

VMS

DECsystem-10

PDP

RSX

DECSYSTEM-20

P/OS

Work Processor

Contents
vii

Preface

Chapter 1
1.1

1.2
1.3

1.4
1.5

Product Description . . .. ...

2.2
2.3

2.4

... .. oo 1-1

Subsystem Overview . ....... S 1-2

Environmental/Safety Requirements . ......... e 1-4
1-5
Related Documentation . . . . .. .. ... .. . .
Specifications . . .. ... ... 1-5
Physical . . .. ... ... .. . .. 1-5
1.5.1
1-5
Environmental . . . . ... ... ... ... ..
1.5.2
1-6
i
.
..
...
Electrical . ...
1.5.3
Media ......... P 1-6
1.54

Chapter 2
2.1

Overview

Software

Overview . ... ... .. T 2-1
... 2-1
...
... ...
The RV20 as a Tape Device . . .. ....
2-2
.........
.............
...
.
.
RV20
the
of
Use
Everyday
2-2
Applications . . . . ... .. ..
2.3.1
Initializing . . ... ... ... . 2-2
2.3.2
Encountering the End of a Volume .. ............. 2-3
2.3.3
... 2-3
Encountering Bad Sectors .. ................
2.3.4
File Maintenance . . . .. .. . .. ... it 2-3
il

2.5

2.4.1

Files with Multiple Versions . . . . ... ............. 2-3

242

OverwritingFiles . . . .. ...................... 2-4

2.4.3

Keeping Directories on Other Media . . ............ 2-4

Improving RV20 Performance . . . ... ................... 2-5

2.5.1

Cataloging File Positions . . ... ... .............. 2-5

2.5.2

Positioning the RV20 to True LEOT . . ... ... ... .... 2-5

2.5.3

Rewind Operations

2.5.4

Optimizing Transfer Rates . . . .. ................ 2-6

Chapter 3

. . .................
...... 2-5

Operation

3.1

Overview . . ... ... ..

3.2

RV20 Front Panel . . . .. ...

3-1
... ...

... ... ... ........ 3-2

3.3

Power-Up . . ... ... .

3.4

RV20 Media .. ....... ...

3.5

Write Protecting a Disk . . . . .. S 3-6

3-5
...

. .. . . ... . .. 3-5

3.6

Loading/Spinning Up a Disk

3.7

Host Initiated Spin-Up/Spin-Down

3.8

Spinning Down/Unloadinga Disk . . . ... ................ 3-8

Chapter 4

......... PR e 3-8

Testing

4.1

RV20 Drive Automatic Self-Tests.

4.2

Self-Test Troubleshooting

Chapter 5
5.1

. . ... ... ............. 3-8

. . .................... 4-1

. ... ....................... 4-2

Maintenance and Problem Solving

Filter Replacement/Cleaning

. ... ..................... 5-1

5.2

Cartridge Replacement/Disk Cleaning . .. ................ 5-3

5.3

Problem Solving

5.4

Digital Repair Services

. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..., .. 5-6

... .......................... 5-7

Figures
1-1
1-2
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4

RV20 Subsystem . . ....................e 1-2
RV20 Subsystem Block Diagram . . .. .............. 1-3
RV20 Front Panel . . . . ... ... . ... . 3-2
... 3-5
RV20 Disk Cartridge . ... ... ... ... ...
3-7
..........
..........
..
.
.
sk
Write ProtectingaDi
... 3-9
...
LoadingaDisk ............
5-2
I
e
.........
Removal
Filter
Disk Cartridge Parts . . . .. ................ e 5-3
Disengaging the Cartridge Parts . . ... ............. 5-4
Separating the Cartridge Parts . .. ................ 5-5

Tables
1-1
2-1
3-1
4-1
5-1

Related Documentation. . . . . ... ................ 1-5
......... 2-7
Optimal Block Sizes . . ... ............
. 3-4
..........
RV20 Operator Panel . ... ..........
RV20 Tests . . . . v oot et e e e e e 4-3
Problem Solving . .. ... ... ... .. ... 5-6

Preface

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual is intended for the everyday user of the RV20 optical disk
drive subsystem. The subsystem consists of up to four RV20 optical disk
drives. The operation of the drive is the same no matter how many drives
are in any particular subsystem.

Chapter 1 - Overview - This chapter gives a basic description of the
RV20 optical disk drive and the RV20 subsystem. It also lists the
specifications of the drive and the related documentation available from
Digital Equipment Corporation.

Chapter 2 - Software - This chapter contains software information. It is

intended as a reference for RV20 subsystem users.

Chapter 3 - Operating - This chapter gives instructions on how to operate
the RV20 disk drive. The controls and indicators, as well as loading and
unloading procedures, are all described and illustrated.

Chapter 4 - Testing - This chapter lists the tests the user can perform on

the RV20 drives and the entire RV20 subsystem.

Chapter 5 - Maintenance - This chapter describes the scheduled maintenance the user has to perform to keep the RV20 in good working order. It also gives instructions for repairing a damaged disk cartridge and
for cleaning a disk. This chapter lists some basic problems that may be
encountered during normal use of the RV20 and some corrective steps
that can be taken before calling Digital Field Service. This chapter then
describes the various repair services offered by Digital.

Vil

Chapter

Overview
1.1 Product Description
The RV20 optical disk drive is a random access, mass storage device that
uses a laser beam to write and read data. The RV20 is capable of writing
data onto a disk area once, and can read data off the disk an unlimited
number of times.

The data is stored on 12-inch removable optical disks. There are 32,000

tracks on each disk surface. Each surface can store 1 gigabyte (about 1

billion characters) of information.

The optical disk is contained in a cartridge that loads into the drive.
When the cartridge is loaded, access doors open allowing a laser beam to
read and write. The optical disk inside the cartridge is a glass sandwich
disk. The sandwich consists of the glass separated by spacers, a polymer
intermediate layer, and a sensitive tellurium layer.

To write data, the RV20 uses a laser light beam to burn microscopic holes
(“'pits”’) into the tellurium layer on the disk. To read data, the RV20 shines
a less powerful beam on the disk. This less powerful beam reflects light
off the disk and photodetectors measure the amount of reflected light.
If the light shines onto the disk where there is no pit (a “flat”’), most
of the light is reflected back and measured by the photodetectors. This
condition is a binary zero. If the light shines into a pit, less light is
reflected back to the photodetectors. This condition is a binary one.

Quverview

1-1

1.2 Subsystem Overview
The RV20 subsystem consists of up to four RV20 optical disk drives
contained in a single cabinet. One RV20 drive serves as the ‘“master’”
drive in the subsystem. The other RV20s in the subsystem are ‘’slave’
devices, connected to the master. Note that slave drives are not necessary
in a subsystem. A complete RV20 subsystem can consist of simply one
RV20 master drive.
The RV20 master drive contains a drive subsystem controller module.
The drive subsystem controller module formats the data from all the subsystem drives in accordance with the requirements of the host computer.

Figure 1-1 shows a cabinet with four RV20s installed in it.

A number
of configurations are possible, ranging from one RV20 subsystem (one
master drive with three slaves) to four separate RV20 subsystems (four
RV20 master drives).
|

An RA- series disk drive may also be included in the RV20 cabinet. This
disk drive is independent of the RV20 subsystem. Consult the RA- series
disk drive documentation for operating information.
Figure 1-1:

RV20 Subsystem

fi[’ffi

SHR-0259-87

1-2

Qverview

Figure 1-2 is a block diagram of an RV20 subsystem consisting of a master
RV20 and three slaves. The RV20 uses its own internal bus, known as
the ISI bus. Each RV20 drive in a subsystem has an ISI address from
0 to 3.
The drive subsystem controller module in the master RV20
translates the ISI data into the format required by the LESI (Low-End
Storage Interconnect) interface. The LESI bus is the path to the VAX
host. The host uses its own internal bus. The RV20 data travels on the
LESI to the host, where it enters a KLESI adapter module. The adapter
converts the LESI-formatted data into the host bus format, where the data
can then be processed.
Figure 1-2:

RV20 Subsystem Block Diagram

VAX HOST
RV20 SUBSYSTEM
|

KLES|

ADAPTER

LESI
I

DRIVE
]

SUBSYSTEM

CONTROLLER

ISI
&1

ADDRESS

MASTER

‘”

HOST
BUS

RV20
(OPTIONAL)

ISI
¢4 ADDRESS

SLAVE
1

1
A

CPU
RV20

(OPTIONAL)

RV20

(OPTIONAL)

ISI

[~ APPRESS

ISl

** ADDgESS

SLAVE

SHR-0258-87

Quervierv

1-3

1.3 Environmental/Safety Requirements
The RV20 subsystem can operate in a computer room, office, or light
industrial environment. A good rule of thumb concerning the operating
environment is to follow the environmental requirements of the host
conmiputer system.

The RV20 optical disk drive contains a Class 1 laser system. A Class 1
laser is a low-powered laser and poses very little potential harm to users.

Nevertheless, some precautions and guidelines should be followed to
ensure safety. The outer shell of the drive contains shielding that protects
the user from any harmful laser radiation. Never remove the covers of
the drive to expose the internal parts. Exposing the inner parts of the
drive will not only eliminate the laser protection in the drive, but may
also damage the drive and void the warranty.

As well as laser safety, there are other safety considerations you should
undertake to protect yourself and the RV20 disk drive.

Never put your hand inside the cartridge door opening. The drive

has moving parts and physical injury could result. The internal parts
of the RV20 are extremely static sensitive and serious drive damage
can also result from contact with a nongrounded source.

Always keep the cartridge door closed when not in use.

Never put a damaged cartridge inside the drive. Refer to Chapter 5
for replacement instructions.

1-4

Never force the cartridge door open. The door should open and close

Never force a cartridge in or out of the drive.

Make sure a clean air filter is always installed in the drive. Refer to

freely. Refer to Chapter 5 if you are having trouble.

Chapter 5.

Querview

1.4 Related Documentation
Table 1-1 lists the RV20 documentation available from Digital Equipment
Corporation.

Table 1-1:

Related Documentation

Document

Part Number

RV20 Optical Disk
Subsystem Instal-

EX-ORV20-IN

RV20 Optical Disk

EK-ORV20-SV

lation Guide

Subsystem Service
Guide

Description

Contains installation information for the Digital

Field Service engineer installing the subsystem.
This manual also lists all the diagnostics needed
to verify that the subsystem has been installed
properly and is in good working order.

Contains service information on the RV20 subsystem for use by field engineers. This information
includes instructions on how to run diagnostics
to isolate a problem to a Field Replaceable Unit
(FRU). This guide contains removal and replacement procedures for all FRUs.

1.5 Specifications
The following are the specifications of the RV20 optical disk drive.
1.5.1 Physical
Width:
Height:
Depth:
Weight:

48.3 cm (19.0 in)
13.0 cm (5.125 in)
65.0 cm (25.6 in)
25.0 kg (55.0 1b)

1.5.2 Environmental
Operating

Non-Operating

Ambient Temperature

10 to 40°C
50 to 104°F

—40 to 66°C
—40 to 151°F

Relative Humidity

10 to 90%

10 to 95%

Maximum Wet Bulb
(non-condensing)

28°C (82°F)

46°C (115°F)

Quverview

1-5

1.5.3 Electrical
Regulated Power Supply Voltages:

+12 Vdc
—12 Vdc

+5 Vdc
—5 Vdc

+24 Vdc
+40 Vdc

0.2to 3.9 A
0.2to3.5A
2to 21 A
01to1.0A
0.1to3.0A
0.01 A

Power Consumption

Average:

Worst Case:

175 W
250 W

Power Supply: Auto ranging, no mechanical switching
Low Range: 86.7 to 128 Vac @ 47 to 63 Hz
High Range: 173.4 to 268 Vac @ 47 to 63 Hz

1.5.4 Media
Disk Storage Capacity:
Disk Construction:

Disk Diameter:
Data Surfaces:

1 gigabyte per side
glass with pregrooved metallic layer
306 mm (12 in)
2

Recording

Tracks per Disk:

Sector Size:
Sectors per Track:

1-6

QOwverview

32,000
1,024 user bytes (data bytes)
32

Chapter

Software
2.1 Overview
This chapter contains some software information that you may find
helpful in your everyday use of the RV20. This is not a programming
chapter. We recommend that you consult your system manager or refer
to the host system documentation for more information. The following
sources are very useful.

The latest VMS Release Notes, RV20-specific information

Guide to VAX/VMS Disk and Magnetic Tape Operations

VAX/VMS 1/0 User’s Reference Manual

VAX/VMS Run-Time Library Routines Reference Manual

2.2 The RV20 as a Tape Device
The RV20 optical disk drive is a unique product that combines some of
the advantages (and disadvantages) of both disk drives and tape drives.

The RV20 is a disk drive, and optical disks are the media on which the
RV20 writes and reads data. The host operating system, however, “‘sees”’
the RV20 as a tape device. This is why the subsystem is an MU device
(for example, MUAO, MUBI) on the system.

The write once feature of the RV20 makes it perform more like a tape
device than a disk drive. All write operations are done sequentially, just
like with magnetic tapes.

Software

2-1

When working with the RV20 under VMS, use commands that are used
for tapes, not disks. Refer to your system documentation or consult your
system manager.

NOTE
Treat data on RV20 media the same way you treat data on a tape.

Overwritten data on RV20 media is unrecoverable.

2.3 Everyday Use of the RV20
2.3.1

Applications

Common tape applications such as MOUNTs, DISMOUNTs, BACKUPs,
and COPYs are performed on the RV20 the same way as on magnetic
tape drives. You can also use common QIO commands such as 10%_

SKIP, I0$_READ, and IO$_WRITE (with one of the arguments VBLK,

PBLK, or LBLK) just as with tapes.

Since the RV20 is a disk drive, switches such as density have no effect on
RV20 data. If you attempt to modify the density, a status message prints
out, explaining that the RV20 is not a density switchable device.
Another very important restriction with the RV20 is that you must keep
the same format throughout an entire volume. For example, a /foreign
volume must always be mounted as /foreign.

2.3.2 Initializing
As with tapes, when you initialize an RV20 disk, you begin operations
from BOT. The difference with the RV20 is that BOT is at a new location
after an INIT. The RV20 is a write-once device, so the new BOT will be
written where the last data on the media ended.

After an RV20 disk has been re-initialized, subsequent write operations
begin on the disk area immediately following the previous data. With a
tape, you write over the previous data. It is very important to remember
that in both cases, the overwritten data is unrecoverable.

After an INIT on an RV20, the RV20 disk appears to be empty and all
previous data is retired. This leaves less disk space available. Every time

you initialize with write-once media, you lose disk space.

2-2

Software

2.3.3 Encountering the End of a Volume
When an RV20 is doing a write operation and the end of a disk side is
encountered, you are then prompted to mount a new volume. When
the new volume is mounted, the write operation can continue. For more
information on mounting volumes, refer to the Guide to VAX/VMS Disk
and Magnetic Tape Operations.

2.3.4 Encountering Bad Sectors
In any disk drive, bad sectors can be encountered.
different.

The RV20 is not

When you are writing and the drive encounters what is

perceived to be a bad sector, the drive attempts to write in the next sector
on the disk. If bad sectors are encountered in sequence, five attempts
are made. When, after five attempts, a write cannot be performed, the
message “‘unable to write”’ is displayed.
The RV20 error log report contains more detailed information on the
“unable to write”” status. Accessing error logs is beyond the scope of
this book. Consult your system manager or refer to the host system
documentation for more information on error logs.
RV20 media degradation is detected during read operations.

Once
again, the error logs contain more detailed information about media
degradation.

2.4 File Maintenance
2.4.1 Files with Multiple Versions
Like tape drives, RV20 optical disk drives do not track version updates

of files. If multiple versions of files exist on RV20 media and you want
to read a specific file, you must specify the version number. Otherwise,
you will get the version that is closest to the ““current position.” It is
important to remember that if you do not specify the version number,
you will not automatically get the most recent version of the file. You
will get the first file of that name encountered during the seek for that
filename.

Software

2-3

2.4.2 Overwriting Files
The operating system sees the files on tapes (and on RV20 disks) as a
series of objects, starting at the Beginning-Of-Tape (BOT) mark.
B

FILE

)

UNWRITTEN AREA

—»

SHR-0354-87

Because the RV20 is a write-once device, the data cannot physically be
removed; it can only be replaced in the next available space on the media.
The RV20 logically overwrites the file with the use of a “pointer.”” The
pointer prevents access to the old file by pointing to the location of the
new (updated) file.
Here is an example of this operation.

You want to replace (overwrite) File 2. The current position is moved
to the start of File 2.
B

FILE

UNWRITTEN AREA

—>

CURRENT POSITION

SHR-0355-87

A pointer is placed at the start of File 2, pointing to the beginning of
the unwritten area on the disk.

B
o)

FILE
1

FILE
2

FILE
3

UNWRITTEN AREA

—»

POINTER

The current position is moved to the beginning of the unwritten area
on the disk.

A new file (File 4) is written at the start of the unwritten area. This
new file is the update of File 2.
B|
O

FILE

FILE
4

UPDATED

UNWRITTEN
AREA
—

FILE 2

POINTER
SHR-0357-87

2-4

Software

After this is accomplished, File 2 can never be accessed again, even
though it still exists on the disk. Whenever an attempt is made to read
File 2, the pointer will point to File 4 and File 4 will be read.

2.4.3 Keeping Directories on Other Media
It is common practice to keep a directory of an optical disk on magnetic
media. If the RV20 directory residing on magnetic media is lost or

destroyed, you can reconstruct it by skipping and reading each file on
the RV20 disk. An IO$_SKIP command can accomplish this. The result
of this command is a directory of the files on the optical disk and their
locations (the first file, the second file, and so on). Programs can be
written to perform this directory maintenance in any VMS-supported
language.

2.5 Improving RV20 Performance
2.5.1 Cataloging File Positions
When locating a file on a VAX/VMS ANSI-labeled tape, a tape drive
normally does a series of sequential read operations. Successive file
header labels are transferred to the host until the desired file is found. It

is a time-consuming operation that grows worse as more files are added
to the tape.

A significant RV20 performance advantage can be obtained by writing a
host application program that catalogs file positions relative to tape mark
numbers. If the index file has not been fragmented by previous user data
overwrites, you can write an application program that uses the VAX/VMS
queue I/O services in conjunction with the magnetic tape driver to make
effective use of the RV20’s random addressability.
For example, consider RV20 media on which files have been written
according to the VAX/VMS ANSI-labeled format. There are three tape
marks associated with each file on the volume. An IO$_SKIPFILE logical
QIO command with the tape mark count equal to six positions the RV20
at the header label of the third file on the media.
Accessing files in this way, rather than sequentially reading the volume,
significantly reduces RV20 file access times.

2.5.2 Positioning the RV20 to True LEOT
Positioning the RV20 to the true Logical End-Of-Tape (LEOT) prior to
writing a new file is another method of improving RV20 performance. If
only one LEOT (double tape mark) exists on the media, the RV20 is able
to seek the end of the user data area during a detect LEOT operation. If
the media has multiple LEOTs due to user programming, finding the true
LEQOT is a much lengthier procedure.

Software

2-5

2.5.3 Rewind Operations
Rewind operations on the RV20 are also efficient.
An I0$_REWIND
command results in a direct seek to the beginning of the user data area.

2.5.4 Optimizing Transfer Rates
The RV20 has 100 Error Correction Code (ECC) bytes appended to each

sector of user data, so data integrity is independent of block size. The data
integrity of magnetic tape drives is sacrificed when large block sizes are
used. This is not the case with the RV20. Data structures are maintained

on the RV20 disk for every block of user data received from the host.

Transfer rates can, therefore, be optimized by mounting an RV20 volume

with the largest practical VMS block size. Table 2-1 lists the optimal block
sizes for 1 to 64 sectors.

For a given record, the RV20 controller adds the following sector descriptor data bytes.

36 bytes to the first sector

10 bytes to each succeeding sector

Consider a file of 8192 bytes (8K). If the block size is 2048, the file comes
over from the host in four block transfers. Each of the four block transfers
is written as follows.
°

The first sector is filled with 36 sector descriptor bytes, followed by

988 bytes of the file. (A sector is 1024 bytes long.)

The second sector contains 10 sector descriptor bytes, followed by
1014 data bytes.

The third sector contains 10 sector descriptor bytes, followed by the
remaining 46 data bytes of the 2048-byte block of file data.
The

remaining 968 bytes in the third sector are wasted bytes.

When the file transfers to the disk, it occupies 12 sectors, and every third
sector has 968 unused bytes. Not only is the transfer rate for this file

long, but it also represents an incredible amount of wasted disk space.

The alternative is to transfer the 8192-byte file using a large block size.
An 8K file occupies 8 sectors on the disk. You know that 36 bytes will be
added to the first sector and 10 to each additional sector, so the file will
occupy at least 9 sectors.

Use Table 2-1 to find the optimal block size for 9 sectors. With a block
size of 9100, the single-block transfer occupies the disk as follows.
°

The first sector is filled with 36 sector descriptor bytes, followed by

988 bytes of the file.

2-6

The second through eighth sectors each contain 10 sector descriptor
bytes, followed by 1014 data bytes.

Software

The ninth sector contains 10 sector descriptor bytes, followed by 106

data bytes. The remaining 908 bytes in the ninth sector are wasted
bytes.
|
Note that using the optimal block size increases the transfer rate and
saves disk space (only 9 sectors are used instead of 12).

Table 2-1:
Number of
Sectors

Optimal Block Sizes
Optimal
Block Size

Number of
Sectors

Optimal
Block Size

988

33436

2000

34448

3016

35464

4028

36476

5044

37492

6056

38504

7072

39520

8084

40532

9100

41548

10112

42560

11128

43576

12140

44588

13156

45604

14168

46616

15184

47632

16196

48644

Software

2-7

Table 2-1 (Cont.):

Number of
Sectors

Optimal Block Sizes

Number of

Optimal

Block Size
'

Optimal

Sectors

Block Size

49660

17212

18224

19240

20252

52700

21268

53716

22280

54728

23296

55744

24308

56756

25324

57772

26336

58784

27352

59800

28364

60812

29380

61828

30392

62840

31408

63856

32420

64868

2-8

Software

50672

51688

Chapter

Operation
3.1 Overview
This chapter describes and illustrates the RV20 drive and the steps

necessary to operate the drive. The first section of this chapter illustrates
and explains the controls, indicators, and displays on the RV20 front
panel.
The rest of the chapter illustrates and explains how to perform basic
operations on the RV20. It is set up in the following logical sequence of

operation.

How to power up the drive

How to write-protect a disk

How to load a disk into the RV20 drive

How to spin a disk up

How to spin a disk down

How to unload a disk from the RV20 drive

Operation

3-1

3.2 RV20 Front Panel
Figure 3-1 shows the front panel of the RV20. The following section
explains each item on the front panel. Table 3-1 describes each switch,
indicator, and display on the operator panel.
RV20 Front Panel

L:h)

Figure 3-1:

—a
ey

DOOR

CARTRIDGE

__J
FILTER
GRILL

e |

Operation

1 Start
Write Power [
Stop Protect
)

—

\__J
N 4

TMSCP
UNIT

MAINTENANCE
PANEL ACCESS

NUMBER

DOOR

‘ \

OPERATOR PANEL

3-2

SHR-0308-87

Cartridge Door

When opened, allows a disk to be inserted into the drive. When
closed, protects the internal parts of the RV20 from exposure to
dust and dirt. Excessive dust and dirt can damage the sensitive
internal components of the drive.

Filter Grill

This grill houses the air filter inside the RV20 drive. The filter
allows air to circulate within the drive while preventing dust and
dirt from getting inside the drive.

Operator Panel (Table 3-1)

This is the operator interface on the RV20. The operator panel
consists of the Hexadecimal Display, the Start/Stop-Ready switchindicator, the Write Protect switch/indicator, and the Address
Switch/Power indicator. Table 3-1 describes these in more detail.

TMSCP Unit Number

This is the TMSCP unit number of the particular RV20 drive,
assigned during installation by a Digital Field Service engineer.
This number must be used in commands in order to communicate
with the drive. Consult your system manager or host system
documentation if you need more information on unit numbers
and their use.

Maintenance Panel Access Door

Opening this door allows access to the maintenance panel, which

is for use by specially trained Digital Field Service engineers.

Random use of the maintenance panel by untrained personnel
can cause major failures in the RV20. The only time a user should
access the maintenance panel is when instructed to by a Digital
Field Service representative or when performing a Master Reset

(Chapter 4).

Operation

3-3

Table 3-1:

RV20 Operator Panel

Switch/Indicator

Typel/Color

Action

Hexadecimal Display

2 Red LEDs

This display gives a 2-digit hexadecimal

drive status code.
When a failure is
detected, FA is displayed and the drive

stops functioning. During a diagnostic
session, this display flashes test results.

Start/Stop Switch

Pushbutton

When a disk is inside the RV20, pressing
this switch in (the Start position) causes
the spindle motor to spin the disk up to
speed.
When this switch is already in the Start
position, pressing it out (the Stop position) causes the spindle motor to spin the

disk down.
Ready Indicator

Green LED

When lit, indicates that the spindle motor is up to speed.
When flashing, indicates that the spindle
is in the process of spin-up or spin-down.
When not lit, indicates that the spindle
motor is off.

Write Protect Switch

Pushbutton

Pressing this switch prevents any writing
to the disk inside the RV20.

Write Protect Indicator

Yellow LED

When lit, indicates that the disk inside
the RV20 is write protected. This indicator will be lit regardless of which of

the two methods of write protection has
been used (Paragraph 3.5).
Power Indicator

Green LED

This

indicator

lights

when

power

present inside the drive.

ISI Address Plug

Switch Cap

Encodes the ISI address (0 to 3).

This

is for use during installation by specially
trained Digital Field Service engineers.

3-4

Operation

3.3 Power-Up
There is no physical power switch that you have to use to get the RV20
up and running. When the RV20 subsystem is on, the Power indicators
on all the drives in the subsystem should be lit. If a Power indicator is off
on any of the RV20s in the subsystem, refer to Paragraph 5.3, Problem
Solving.

3.4 RV20 Media
The RV20 uses 12-inch optical disks that are stored in plastic cartridges.
The RV20 drive accesses the disk inside the cartridge through two access
doors (Figure 3-2). These doors open when the disk is inserted into the
drive. These access doors should never be opened by hand!
Figure 3-2:

RV20 Disk Cartridge
ACCESS
DOORS

PROTECT —a

WRITE

TAB

SHR-0309-87

Operation

3-5

3.5 Write Protecting a Disk
Write protecting a disk prohibits the RV20 from writing on a disk.
are two ways to write protect a disk:

There

with the front panel write protect

switch, or with the Write Protect tab on the disk.
If a disk is write
protected, the write protect indicator on the front panel lights, regardles
s

of which method of write protection is used.

When a disk is in the RV20, pressing the Write Protect switch on the
front
panel write protects the disk. The Write Protect indicator on the
switch
lights.

The best way to write protect a disk is to set the Write Protect

tab located
on the disk. Figure 3-2 shows the location of the Write Protect tab on
the
disk cartridge. There is a write protect tab on each side of a double-si
ded
disk. Remember that the bottom surface is the surface that is read in
the
drive.
Figure 3-3 shows the settings of the write protect tab. To change
the
setting of the Write Protect tab, take a large flat-head screwdriv
er and
rotate the tab 180 degrees. The outer rim of the tab is labeled
WRITE
and WRITE PROTECT. The arrow on the tab points to the current
disk
setting. When the arrow is pointing toward the front of the disk (as
shown
in Figure 3-3), the disk is WRITE ENABLED (not write protected
).

3-6

Operation

Figure 3-3:

Write Protecting a Disk

Operation

3-7

3.6 Loading/Spinning Up a Disk
When loading a disk, make sure you are loading the side you want to use.
The sides of the disk cartridge are stamped A and B. When inserting the
disk, the letter thatis on the left side of the disk cartridgeis the side that
you are inserting for use.
To load and spin up a disk, proceed as follows.
1.
2.

Open the cartridge door.
Push the disk in as far as it will go. Make sure you are putting in the
correct side. Figure 3-4 shows side A being inserted. Remember that
side A is the bottom side of the inserted disk in Figure 3-4.
Close the cartridge door.

Press the Start/Stop switch in (the Start position). The Ready indicator
(located on the Start/Stop switch) flashes while the spindleis coming
up to speed. When the spindle is up to speed, the Ready indicator
stays on continuously.

3.7 Host Initiated Spin-Up/Spin-Down
When a disk is initially spun up with the Start/Stop switch, it can then be
spun up and spun down by the host computer. The disk must initially
be spun up with the switch, however! The host cannot spin the disk up
or down unless the Start/Stop switch is in the Start position.

3.8 Spinning Down/Unloading a Disk
To spin down a disk and unload it from the RV20, reverse the procedures
given in Paragraph 3.6 (See Figure 3-4 as necessary).
1.

Press the Start/Stop switch to the out (Stop) position. If the host
computer is not communicating with the drive, the spin down occurs.
If the host is communicating with the drive, the spin down is delayed
until the activity with the host ceases (for a period of at least 300
milliseconds). Upon spin down, the Ready indicator (located on the
Start/Stop switch) flashes while the spindle spins down. When the
spindle has stopped, the flashing Ready indicator goes off.
When the Ready indicator is off, open the cartridge door.
Pull the disk all the way out of the drive.

Close the cartridge door.

3-8

Operation

Figure 3-4:

Loading a Disk

EABEGED

[:__J r::J

Operation

3-9

Chapter

Testing
4.1

RV20 Drive Automatic Self-Tests
The RV20 optical disk drive has a series of built-in automatic self-tests

that verify that the drive is operational. These tests can be executed by
performing a Master Reset of the RV20 drive. The only time this should
be done is when the RV20 is ““hung up’’ (or when you are instructed to
by your Digital Field Service representative). A drive is hung up when no
host commands can be executed and/or the disk cannot be spun down
with the Start/Stop switch. To perform the self-test by way of a Master
Reset, proceed as follows.
1.

Make sure that the Start/Stop switch is in the Start position.

Gain access to the maintenance panel. Grasp the top of the maintenance panel access door (shown in Figure 3-1) and pull toward you.

Find the switch labeled MASTER RESET on the lower right side of
the maintenance panel.

Press the MASTER RESET switch and release.
All lights on the
maintenance panel go on for one second and then go off.

Close the maintenance panel access door.

The RV20 automatic self-tests will then begin to run. The automatic self-

tests are listed in Table 4-1. If the RV20 was hung up in the middle of
a command from the host, the tests may end and the drive may try to
execute the command. If no command was in progress when the hang

up occurred, the tests will run to their completion.

Testing

4-1

The complete RV20 test set takes about 4 minutes to complete. The drive
“may not be able to run the complete test set because there are restrictions
to certain tests. The operator panel display will show the results of the
tests. If no failures occur during testing, the operator panel display will
be blank at the end of the test session. If a failure occurred during testing,
the operator panel display will flash a series of three two-digit codes.

4.2 Self-Test Troubleshooting
If any of the self-tests fail, a series of three two-digit codes continuously
repeats on the operator panel display. The first two-digit number is the
test that failed. This two-digit code is the Automatic Self-Test Number
(column 1 in Table 4-1). The second two-digit code is a failure code.
The third and final two-digit code is a subfailure code. The failure and

subfailure codes are for use by field service engmeers only. Make note
of these three codes.
Whenever the self-tests fail, make note of the codes displayed and then
repeat the test. If the tests pass (no codes displayed on the operator panel
display), the drive is ready to go on-line. If the tests fail on the second
try, proceed as follows.

Write down the three codes repeating on the operator panel display.

Compare these codes with the codes from the first try at the self-tests.

Take the subsystem off-line and report the problem to your Digital
Field Service representative.

4-2

Testing

Table 4-1:

RV20 Tests

Automatic
Self-Test
Number

CE Mode
Test
Number

Description of Test

ROM/RAM Switch Test

ROM Checksum Test

COMEM Test

Parity (SIA & Controller) Test

2K RAM Test (Not Implemented)

COMEM Refresh Test

Unsolicited Interrupts Test

ECC Data Field Test

ECC Vector Address Test

ECC Post Field Test

ISI Unit ID Test

ISI Reset Test

ISI Parity Test

ISI Function Word Test

ISI Attention Test

ISI DMA Write Test

ISI DMA Read Test

ISI Interrupt Test

Testing

4-3

Table 4-1 (Cont.):

4-4

RV20 Tests

Automatic
Self-Test
Number

CE Mode
Test
Number

Description of Test

ISI Pause Test

ISI Zero Fill Test

780 DPR Test

'Z80/8039 DPR Test

8039/8031 8-Bit Bus Test

8039/8031 DPR Test

8039 & 8031 Internal Timers Test

Z80 Lockout of DPR Test

8031 ROM Checksum Test

Seek Error Data Test

- 8039 Watch Dog Timer Test

8031 Watch Dog Timer Test

Line Sync Monitor Test

MDS DRDW Register Test

SIA & ECC Parity Test

Spindle Down Test

Spindle Up Test

Power Control Loop Test

Testing

Table 4-1 (Cont.):

RV20 Tests

Automatic
Self-Test

CE Mode
Test

Number

Description of Test

Focus Loop Test

FSM Nulling Test

Coarse Tracking Loop Test

Fine Tracking Loop Test

Lower Deck Interrupt Signal Test

Interrupt Speed Test (Not Implemented)

Reading Header Signal Test

Quadsum Test

Carriage Lock Test

Retract Sensor Test

MDS Long Wrap Test

Jump Back Seek Test

No Jump Back Seek Test

Oscillating Seek Test

Sector Interrupt Test

MDS/SDC Parity Test

MDS Short Wrap Test

Number

Testing

4-5

Chapter

Maintenance and Problem Solving
The only regular maintenance required for the drives in the RV20 subsystem is to clean the air filter in each RV20 drive twice a year and to replace
the filters, if necessary.

5.1 Filter Replacement/Cleaning
The filter is located inside the filter grill on the front of the RV20
(Figure 5-1). To access the filter, you have to remove the filter grill.
Proceed as follows.
1.
2.

Take the drive off-line with the appropriate host command.

If there is a disk in the drive, remove it.

(Refer to Chapter 3 if

necessatry.)

Push the grill tab on the front of the RV20 to the right so that the filter
grill comes out slightly (Figure 5-1).

Swing the filter grill out and remove it.
Remove the filter from the grill and inspect it for frayed edges or
excessive dirt buildup. Replace it, if necessary (PN 29-26448-00).
If you are replacing the filter, put the new filter inside the filter grill
and go to step 7. If you are cleaning the filter, proceed as follows.

Clean the filter by rinsing it in ordinary tap water.

Let it stand for at least 10 minutes to completely dry.

Put the clean, dry filter back inside the filter grill.

Maintenance and Problem Solving

5-1

Place the left side of the filter grill into its slot on the front of the

drive.

Swing the right side of the grill into its slot until it snaps into place.
Open and close the cartridge door to be sure if the grill is installed
correctly. If the door won’t open freely, the filter grill is not in all the
way or is installed backwards.

Figure 5-1:

5-2

Filter Removal

Maintenance and Problem Solving

5.2 Cartridge Replacement/Disk Cleaning
The optical disk is inside a plastic cartridge.
If a disk cartridge is
damaged, it can be replaced. If you are replacing a cartridge, the disk
inside the cartridge should be cleaned as part of the cartridge replacement

procedure.

The cartridge assembly consists of two molded pieces of plastic, joined
together with four tabs. There are two tabs on each side of the cartridge
(Figure 5-2). Each tab has a tab release. Using Figure 5-2 as a guide,
identify the tabs and tab releases on your disk cartridge.

If the cartridge is damaged, the disk inside it may be saved by replacing
the cartridge with a new one. A new cartridge assembly (PN 30-27662-02)
can be ordered through your Digital Field Service representative.
To remove a cartridge, clean the disk, and put the disk into a new
cartridge, proceed as follows.

Position the cartridge so the tab releases are on the bottom (as shown

in Figure 5-2).

Figure 5-2:

Disk Cartridge Parts

" TAB RELEASE

TAB RELEASE

TAB

Maintenance and Problem Solving

5-3

Push each of the four tab releases to disengage the two parts of the

Position your hands on the cartridge as in Figure 5-3. Your thumbs
should be on the top piece of the cartridge while your fingers are on

cartridge (Figure 5-3).

the bottom piece of the cartridge.

Using inward pressure with your fingers and outward pressure with
your thumbs, separate the two parts of the cartridge (Figure 5-3). You
may have to use considerable pressure to separate the two pieces.

Carefully remove the disk from the bottom piece of the cartridge
assembly. Be sure to note the orientation of sides A and B as you lift
the disk out. You must put the disk into the new cartridge with the
same side up.

Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the disk surface. Wipe the disk

from the center toward the outer edges with the cloth. Never wipe
the disk in a circular motion!

Clean both sides of the disk.

Be very careful when handling it.

Fingerprints and dust can damage the disk.

Place the disk in the new cartridge assembly. Make sure that the sides
are oriented exactly as they were in the old cartridge.

Figure 5-3:

5-4

Disengaging the Cartridge Parts

Maintenance and Problem Solving

DPosition the top piece of the new cartridge assembly as shown in
Figure 5-4 with one side already snapped into place.

Bring the top piece down onto the bottom piece of the cartridge and
snap into place,

10. Push in each tab release to join the two cartridge pieces together.

Figure 5-4:

Separating the Cartridge Parts

Maintenance and Problem Solving

5-5

5.3 Problem Solving
Table 5-1 lists some problems you may encounter during everyday use
of the RV20 subsystem. The table also lists possible causes and solutions

for you to try before calling your Digital Field Service representative.

Table 5-1:

Problem Solving
‘Possible Solution

Problem

Possible Cause

Cartridge door

Disk is still spinning inside drive.

won'’t open

Spin down disk with Start/ Stop switch.
Take drive off-line with applicable host
command.

Cartridge door
won't close

- No power (entire
subsystem)

Filter grill is in the way

Install filter grill correctly

of the cartridge door.

(Chapter 5).

Disk is not fully

Insert disk fully (Chapter 3).

inserted.

.Primary wall power is
Power controller
function.

No power (only
one drive in subsystem)

Check wall power.

dead.

mal-

Operator panel indicator is burned out.

Call Digita’lField Service.
Insert disk and attempt to spin disk up.
Try to bring drive on-line from host.

Call Digital Field Service.

Operator panel

Drive malfunction

Perform Master Reset (Chapter 4).

display reads FA
Call Digital Field Service.

Subsystem won't
bring drive on-

No disk is installed or
installed disk is not spun

line

Subsystem won't
bring drive off-

Host is communicating

with drive.

line

5-6

Maintenance and Problem Solving

Insert a disk and spin it up.

Wait until host communication
and try again.

stops

Table 5-1 (Cont.):

Problem Solving

Problem

Possible Cause

Possible Solution

Mounted drive
will not respond
to host commands

Drive is "hung up.”

Try to spin disk down with Start/Stop
switch.

Perform Master Reset (Chapter 4).

Call Digital Field Service.

5.4 Digital Repair Services
Digital Field Service offers a range of flexible service plans.
ON-SITE SERVICE offers both the convenience of service at your site and
insurance against unplanned repair bills. For a small monthly fee, you
receive personal service from our service specialists. Within a few hours,
the specialist is dispatched to your site with equipment and parts to give
you fast and dependable maintenance.
BASIC SERVICE offers full coverage from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday. Options are available to extend your coverage to 12-, 16-,

or 24-hour days, and to Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays.
DECservice offers a premium, on-site service providing committed re-

sponse to remedial service requests made during contracted hours of
coverage. Remedial maintenance will be performed continuously until
the problem is resolved, which makes this service ideal for customers
requiring maximum service performance.
Under Basic Service and DECservice, all parts, materials, and labor are
covered in full.
CARRY-IN SERVICE offers fast, personalized response, and the ability
to plan your maintenance costs for a smaller monthly fee than On-Site.
Service. When you bring your unit to one of 160 Digital Servicenters
worldwide, factory-trained personnel repair your unit within two days.
This service is available on selected terminals and systems. Contact your
local Digital Field Service office to see if this service is available for your
unit.
Digital Servicenters are open during normal business hours, Monday
through Friday.

Maintenance and Problem Solving

5-7

DECmailer offers expert repair at a per use charge.
This service is
designed for users who have the technical resources to troubleshoot,
identify, and isolate the module causing the problem. Mail the faulty
module to our Customer Returns Center where the module is repaired

and mailed back to you within five days.
PER CALL SERVICE offers a maintenance program on a noncontractual,
time-and-materials-cost basis. This service is available with either OnSite or Carry-In Service. It is appropriate for customers who have the
expertise to perform first-line maintenance, but may occasionally need
in-depth support from Field Service.
Per Call Service is also offered as a supplementary program for Basic

Service customers who need maintenance beyond their contracted
coverage hours. There is no materials charge in this case.
On-Site Per Call Service is provided on a best effort basis, with a
normal response time of two to three days. It is available 24 hours a
day, seven days a week.

Carry-In Per Call Service is available during normal business hours,
with a two to three day turnaround.
For more information on these Digital service plans, prices, and special

rates for volume customers, call the Digital Field Service office nearest
you.

5-8

Maintenance and Problem Solving

Index
A

Drive subsystem controller module,

Applications, 2-2
Automatic self-tests, 4-1

1-2,

1-3

E
Environmental requirements, 1-4

BACKUP, 2-2

Block size, 2-7, 2-8
BOT, 2-2, 2-4

Error log report, 2-3
F

File maintenance, 2-3
File positions, 2-5

Cartridge
Access doors, 3-5
Replacing, 5-4 to 5-5

Cartridge replacement, 5-3
Controls, 3-1
COPY, 2-2

File versions, 2-3
Filter, 3-3

Cleaning, 5-1
Replacing, 5-1to 5-2
Front panel, 3-2

Indicators, 3-1

Directories, 2-5

ISI address, 1-3, 3-4

Disk

Cleaning, 5-3 to 5-4
Loading, 3-8, 3-9

Initializing, 2-2

Unloading, 3-8

KLESI adapter, 1-3

Write protecting, 3-6

Disk cleaning, 5-3
Disk construction, 1-1, 1-6
Disk storage capacity, 1-1, 1-6
DISMOUNT, 2-2

Laser, 1-1, 1-4
LEOT, 2-5

LESI adapter, 1-3
LESI bus, 1-3

Index-1

\
- Maintenance, 5-1

S
Safety requirements, 1-4

Maintenance panel, 3-3, 4-1

Self-tests, 4-1

Master Reset, 4-1

Software, 2-1

MOUNT, 2-2

Specifications, 1-5

Start/Stop switch, 3-4, 3-8
Subsystem
Configurations, 1-2

Operator panel, 3-3

Overview, 1-2

Overwriting files, 2-4
T

Performance, 2-5
Power indicator, 3-4

Power-up, 3-5

Problem solving, 5-1, 5-6

Q
QIO, 2-2

R
RA- disk drive, 1-2
Ready indicator, 3-4, 3-8

Related documentation, 1-5
Repair services, 5-7

Rewind operations, 2-7

Index-2

Tests, 4-3 to 4-5
Transfer rates, 2-7
Troubleshooting, 4-2

U
Unit number, 3-3

W
Write Protect indicator, 3-4, 3-6, 3-7
Write protecting, 3-6
Write Protect switch, 3-4, 3-6, 3-7

Digital Equipment Corporation e Shrewsbury, MA

01545