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Document:	Letterprinter 100 Programmer Reference Manual
Order Number:	EK-LP100-RM
Revision:	001
Pages:	100
Original Filename:

OCR Text

EK-LP4100-RM-001
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[

Letterprinter 100
Programmer Reference
Manual

EK-LP100-RM-001

Letterprinter 100
Programmer Reference
Manual

Prepared by Educational Services
of

Digital Equipment Corporafion

l1st

1983

All

The

reproduction

whole,

information,
Department,
Maynard,

The

Rights

contact

the

that

copy

Services

Corporation,

@1754.

this document
is
subject
to
notice.
Digital
Equipment
assumes
no
responsibility
for
any

may

following

Corporation,

appear

logo

are

this

U.S.A.

trademarks

Maynard,

document.

Digital

Equipment

Massachusetts.

DECwriter

RSTS

DEC

DIBOL

DECsystem-10

RSX

MASSBUS

UNIBUS

DECSYSTEM-20

PDP

VAX

P/0S

DECmate

VMS

Professional

DECnet

Rainbow

Work

DECUS

part

For

Educational

Equipment

Printed

Digital

Corporation

without

Corporation

The

January

Reserved

material,
©prohibited.

Digital

information

Equipment

this

strictly

Massachusetts

change
errors

Digital

Edition,

2/83-14

Processor

1983

CONTENTS

COMMUNICATION

General

® © © © © @ © © 2 © © © © © © © © © 6 © © © © © © © © ®© 9 9o © © © ©6 © 9 o ¢ 9 © @ © © ©» © © © © © o o e o

Serial Character Format ceccecocccccocococccocccooccccscsocososcccocsccscscss
Break Signal ..cceecoccooccsccococcocsososcscssccscscsscscscssoscsccsscss
EIA Interface InformationN ccccecoeosecccocosccccscosscsscscssscsccscssse

EIA Circuit JUMPErS cceccoeccoocoscccsccsososcsscsossosccsscssocscsssscsess
Connecting the Letterprinter 100 to the Computer ..ccceeccecsoe
Modem ConNtrol .cccoccocosocoococcccocsscosocosocscscscocoocscsososcscscscsscscsss
Full-Duplex DiSCONNECt cceocoocccocsocscccsocscscccssosccsscscscccscssoso
Input Buffer Overflow Prevention .ccccceccccoccccccccccsccscscss
XON/XOFF and Restraint .cccccececccccoocccscccccscscs
Fill Time FOrmulasS cccecccoccococccccocccocsccsccsccss
Determining Fill Time Required ccccececceccccccccocscos
Character Transmission TIiMe .cececcscccoccccsccsccsees
Fill Time Formula ExXxampleéS c.ccceccecccccccccscssccesse

Control CharactersS
Escape and Control
Special CharacterS

Environment

DefinitionNS

Selection

cccocceccoccccccccccccccscoccscsocssos

.ccceccocecccccccsccsccccsosscsscsscss

Environment CoNvVerSiON eccocecocococcscscscccocsssccccssoo
Line Feed New Line Mode .cocscecococccsocsccecsosccoccscscoos

Auto

Wraparound

Mode

.ccecccocoscccocsccscoossccococscssc

Active Column and Active LinN€ cceccccoccscccccsccoece
Horizontal Forms Handling .cccceccecceccceccscococscocscs
Print Area@ .coccecocoecococoocccococcosscsccssosccsosococsssscoso
Horizontal Margins .cecccscececcccoccscccscsccscscccscscso
Horizontal

PitCh

.ccccccococccocccssccccoccsococccsscosos

1ii

Sequence

7/8 Bit

e © © @ ©¢ © © @ © © © © @ ®@ © ® © © © @ ® © ©@ © © ¢ ® ©®© © ©6 © © © 06 © © © © © © & © 0 © © © 6 & © © © o o

Detailed

NP OOONOUTE
NN

ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCE DEFINITIONS

General

ccccccecccccccccscosososocoscssoccsossosscsssososccccscsss

w
| WwWwuwwuwwww

CHAPTER 3

SetS

Character

.cccececscocococcococccsccoccccscssoscscssscsosossssscsos
SequUeNnCeS .cccececcocococssocoscscsscssocsscsccssos
.ccceeccocococcccocccscscososossosocosssscsscocssscs

n>Ybom>w

®e © ©¢ © © ® © @ © © ©¢ © ® @ © @ © ® ®© © © © © © © ® © @ © © ® © 6 ¢ © ® o © ¢ ®© © ¢ ¢ ® © 6 6 © 6 @ o @ ©

Character Handling ..cceccecceccocscocccscocscsosocssccscscscocsosscssss
Coding EnvironmentsS .ccccececccosccocccccscssccsscssoscssscscscossssscs
Printable CharactersS .cecccoccococcscccoscscsccscssssosscsssssscscsss

General

|
|
=0T 0TS D

PROCESSING

CHARACTER

1—14
1—16

N NN
|

CHAPTER

Mo
e
e
e
I — = e
|
|
= =
—
;
S W W NN WO WD

CHAPTER

Horizontal Pitch Select Mode
Horizontal Tabs ® ¢ ¢ @ © ©¢ ® ® 06 ® ®© ® © © © © © © 9 ® ® © 6 o 9 © ® 6 0 © ® @ ©
Vertical Tabs cceceoo
Character Sty1e ®e o ©» © @ © © © © © © © © o 6 © © © © o © © © 6 © © © © o

Set Selection Rules
Quality Select Mode
Select Graphic Rendition
Designating Character Sets
Invoking Character Sets
Error Handling ® © ©¢ ¢ © 6 9 ©® © © @ © ©¢ © 9 9 ®» © © © © © o © 9 ¢ © © © ©» o 9 9 o

3-35

Product
Product

PROCESSING

Strings

MOde ..... ® ® © ¢ @ © © ® © © o © ¢ © © © © ©¢ © o © © © @ © © 2 9 © © © © ©o o © © o © o o © o
Graphics String Format
Graphics Protocol Selector

® © © ¢ © ¢ ©¢ ©¢ ©¢ © © ® 99 © ® © © 6 6 ® 2 © © © o ® ©¢ ©¢ ©¢ ¢ 6 ©¢ 6 ® ¢ 6 © © © 6 © ¢ © 2 © ¢ 9 © © ® © 6 ©® O ©

Control

Characters
Printable Data ® 6 ¢ ¢ ® ¢ © ¢ o © 6 9 © © o 9 © ¢ 9 © © © 2 © ® o o 6 6 9 © © O ©

Repeat

DCS

Sequence

Graphics
Graphics

Mode
Mode

Pitch
Margins

¢ © ¢ © © © 6 9 ©¢ ¢ 9 © o © © ® © ® ® © © © ® o © 0 © ©

ceceececeeoeo

AnswerbaCk

Message

Entry

Answerback

Message

Format

DCS

® © ©¢ ®

Terminator

® ¢ ¢ @ ® ® ¢ ¢ ® o @ ® © © ® ® © © ® 6 © © ® ¢ © © ® 9 ® o © © © 6 © ©

Introducer

Answerback
Data

Error

Protocol

Selector

® o © ® ® ®© ®© ¢ © o ©¢ © ¢ © ® © ® ¢ © ® ® ® o © © © © © © © ¢ o © © © © © ® ® © ® © © © © © 9 © ©® © 6 ® © © © ©

Processing

FIGURES

1-1

Serial

Character

Terminal-to-Host

EIA

Connecting

Serial Character Format in Host-to-Terminal
Direction @ 6 © 6 ©¢ 2 © ¢ © © © 2 © © © © © © © ¢ ©6 © © © © © © © © © © © e © © © © © o

[

Format

@ © 6 ©¢ ©¢ @ © @ ¢ © © © © © © ©2 o © © © © © © © © © © © 2 © © © © © © © © © o

Direction

Connector

Letterprinter

10#@

Character

Chart

Bit)

Character

Chart

Bit)

L»UJ?L»UJNDQNJN
|
1

Standard
Standard
Code

Extension

7-bit

Code Extension in an 8-Bit
Standard Character Chart

Print Area
Horizontal

Vertical
Form/NO

the

® ¢ © © 2 © © © © ©¢ © & © © © 9 © © © © © © © © © © @ © 9 © © o © © © © © 9 o o

D& WN

Computer

® ®© ©¢ ¢ ¢ ©¢ @ © 6 9 © © ®© © © © © © © © 9 © © © © © ®© ® © © ©® © © © ©

the

and Horizontal
Pitch Examples

PitCh
Form

Examples

MOde

Environment

SettingsS

.ccceceoscoccsso

® ©®© © © 9 ©¢ © ¢ © ® @ © ©® © © © ® ¢ ® © ©®© © ® © ©

..O..O...O....CO.....O'.......'.

D DD

STRING

Identification
Identification

I
|
MWW
J W

ANSI

Configuration

Font

Data

3-33
3-33

3-35
3-37
3-37

General ..
ANSI Control

Graphics

3-29
3-39

ReportSO ....... ® ® ¢ ©¢ ¢ ¢ © © o 9 ©¢ 6 ¢ ¢ © ® © © © ® 9 © © 6 © © 6 9 © 6 ® O o

Report
4

3-26
3-27

Report
Request

CHAPTER

3-25
3-26

| B0
=
I

Character

3-15
3-16

o
=3
0

AU WNDHFHWNDHHNDERWND

3—23
3—28
4-4
4—5
4-11

RT TR TR T

TR I T

AR T R

BB S DDA WWWNDNDEEF

Vertical Margins and TabsS ccccecccccsccccss cecees
Character Density ExampleS cccccccoccccccscocococsecs
Graphics Capabilities ..... coeccccccscccccose coecoes
Graphics Printhead Use e © © © © © ® & © © o & ©® 6 © © © ©6 © ©© © © © °o
Variable Dot SpaCing ® ©¢ © © © ©®© ® © © © © © © @ 6 © ® © © © ©¢ © ¢ © © o o

EIA

Interface

SignalsS

.cccceccecoccccccccccsosocsscs

Modem Control Effects on EIA
Character Transmission TiMeS

1—6

SignalsS .ccccecesoes
.ceccccsccccsssscsscs

1-11
1—-15
2—0

Control

CharactersS

.cceecceccoccccoccsccscsccsscsscs

Control

Characters

.ccccecocececcocscsscscsscscocnscss

2—8

MarginsS ..c.cccccceccsccsccccccccscsss
Final CharacteérsS cccecececccossscoces oo

3—14
3-32

FunctionsS .ccecccceoscesco ceeccscescscccsscces
Introducers/Terminator .ccecceccoececees
Dot Spacing as a Function of Pitch .ccceccccoccces
Graphics ANSI Control Characters ...e.. coccccsccs

3—34
4-2
4-6
4-9

Graphics Private Control Characters .ccececceseceseces
Printable Character ExampleS ..cecccceccocccccsccss
Graphics Character Width, Horizontal Pitch,
and Horizontal Margin Adjustment ..c.cccceccocococes
Text Character Width, Horizontal Pitch, and
Horizontal Margin Adjustment ..ccceccecococcccccsoses

4-10
4-12

Maximum Right
Character Set

Shift

ANSI

String

4-16

INTRODUCTION

The Letterprinter 100 User Documentation
Letterprinter 100 model terminals. This
for

three

The

general

audiences:

the
and

®
®

the operator requiring general
the
applications
programmer
control function descriptions.

Packages cover all of the
documentation is written

hardware
installer
requiring
checkout information,

documentation

for

the

specific

installation

operating information,
requiring
interface

Letterprinter

100

divided

into

and

three

books:

)
®
2]

Installation Guide
Operator Guide
Programmer Reference

Manual

The interface and character processing information you will need
for your Letterprinter 100 terminal is described in this manual.
The programmer writing application software should use this manual
as

reference.

As the following
manual is on the
of

chapter titles indicate, the emphasis in this
communication and character processing features

the Letterprinter

Chapter

100 terminals.

Communication

communication

describes

the

terminal

interface

and

features.

Chapter 2 Character Processing -- generally describes the terminal
response

sequences,

printable

and

control

characters,

strings.

Chapter 3 Escape and Control
Letterprinter

100

escape

and

control

characters,

Sequences -- describes
control

sequences.

escape

in detail

the

Chapter 4 ANSI Control Strings -- describes how the Letterprinter

100 processes ANSI control strings. Describes
message encoding and graphics processing.

vii

in detail

answerback

WARNINGS,

this

specific

CAUTIONS,

manual,

purposes:

prevent

AND

the

warnings

personal
to

NOTES

warnings,

injury;

prevent

damage

the

general

information.

cautions,

are

used

cautions

terminal;

and

viii

and

notes

highlight

highlight
notes

are

used

for

information

are

used

information
used

used

highlight

CHAPTER

COMMUNICATION

GENERAL

The

Letterprinter

100

communication

interfaces

and

terminal

communication

features
are
described
in
this
chapter.
These
used to configure the Letterprinter
10@ terminals to

features

are

operate

with

received

also

specific

these

computers.

terminals

The

methods

avoid

input

controlling

buffer

data

overflows

are

described.

SERIAL CHARACTER FORMAT
The
Letterprinter
100

communicates

using

serial

characters

(Figures
1-1
and
1-2).
The
serial
character
format
for
the
terminal must match
the
character
format
used
by
the
computer.
Serial
characters are
transmitted
from the Letterprinter
100 to
the
host
using
a
start
selectable parity bit and
Serial

characters

start

bit,

and

stop

bit.

Stop

bits

are

characters.

are
8

received

data

Your

bit,
7
or
8
2 stop bits.

bits,

minimum

by
an

data

the

100

Letterprinter

optional,

guaranteed

Letterprinter

bits,

100

selectable

idle

time

Terminal

optional,

between

will

the

When

host-to-terminal

sending

idle
bit
cope.

NOTE:

Two

idle

time

may

far

characters

per

second,

time

GRS W

SRR

between

GEERD SRS GINUILS MM

than

two

CDU

bit

two

CIMEI_ SGTEIL CEmm

times.

your

Letterprinter

times

larger

between

Terminal

characters

guaranteed

than

any

baud

characters

SIS

less
stop

stop
bits

will

always

that

slower

the

actual

times

IS WSROI

two

direction.

characters,

transmit
two
equipment can

bit

communicate

without difficulty with any equipment requiring two or
bits in the terminal-to-host direction and one or more
in

using

parity

CTm—

CIC SN

—

minimum;

two

bit

rate

greater

when

TN TIINIS WSS fme G

CDUET)

times.

600,

the

transmitting

T SITETD SEETE GCTWESR

than

Because

WOREEY

wpee
e

idle

your
idle
S

the

SE—— SR—— —

VARIABLE

IDLE TIME

(DEPENDS ON TRAFFIC)
IDLE

2BITS

ls_mETE oF

(MINIMUM

70R8

DATA BITS

SPACE +

faa

_"MARK" -

START

—-r—-f—v—-r--r—'r"j"r""

NEW CHARACTER

IDLE TIME)

tsg) 01 1 021 03] 041 05| 06 |M°gBI

START BIT OF

GUARANTEED

aiT

ONE BIT
IME

TONE/“
BAUD RATE

RIS SEN

OPTIONAL

8th BIT

St
4

‘ISTPPISTZOPI
»

OPTIONAL

PARITY
l
BIT

RETURN
TO IDLE

STATE OF LINE

MA-7815—C

Figure

1-1

Serial

Character

Direction

Format

Terminal-to-Host

VARIABLE
IDLE TIME

(DEPENDS ON
TRAFFIC)
IDLE

1BIT

STATE OF

(MINIMUM

LINE

GUARANTEED | START BIT OF

70R 8

IDLE TIME)

DATA BITS

SPACE +

"MARK'' &

NEW CHARACTER

.raa-r—-r—-r—-r—-r—T—T:j'T-—-

|L58|o1|02|03|o4l05|06|w?g8|
R

START
BIT

=
U

ONE BIT
TIME =

ONE/

[

ST10P|

Lo5p1i0NAL RETURN
N TO IDLE

SRR

OPTIONAL
8th BIT

PARITY

__y__

STATE OF LINE

BAUD RATE
MA.7815-8

Figure

1-2

Serial

Character

Direction

Format

Host-to-Terminal

When receiving characters,
by only one idle bit time.

NOTE:

One

time may

NOTE:
refer

idle bit

far

time

your

terminal

can

a minimum requirement;

data

separated

the actual

idle

larger.

If you are using the LA10X-ED
to the option installation

Parallel Interface option,
guide for character format

information.

The data bits represent a 7 or 8 bit character, least significant
bit
1leading.
The
parity
bit
1is
operator-selectable.
For
more
detailed
information,
refer
to
the
Letterprinter
100
Operator
Guide.
BREAK

SIGNAL

A break
+10

signal

percent.

the

The

computer

transmitted

computer

and

the

Letterprinter

100

sends

EIA

INTERFACE

INFORMATION

The

Letterprinter

space

response

software

break

terminal

condition

for

the

signal

break

wused.

signal

operates

when

@.275

seconds

depends

selected,

a paper

fault

full-duplex,

your

occurs.

asynchronous

communication lines.
The EIA interface connector is a DB-25 male
25-pin connector mounted on the back of the terminal
(see Figure
1-3) .
The
terminal
EIA
interface
signals
meet
the
EIA

specification

Telephony

requirements

and

Telegraphy

RS-232-C and
(CCITT)

the Consultative Committee

recommendation

V.24,

NOTE:
The 20 mA current loop interface makes it possible to
connect your terminal directly to a computer up to 300 m (1000 ft)
away without the use of a modem.

The

EIA

connector

signal,

that

are

the

used

signals

the

communication

also discussed

Protective

Ground

This

circuit

also

connected

power

cord.

Transmitted

Data

(PGND)

Direction:

From

terminal

Signals

this

circuit

are

generated

Received

Data

Signals

this

are

generated

the

(RXD)

Direction:

have

the

Table

chassis

and

1-1.

Each

the

effects

EIA

control

signals

the

terminal.

the

grounds

terminal,

section.

external

(TXD)

summarized

features

this

connected
to

are

Letterprinter

through

the

third

wire

It
of

1is
the

represent

serially

encoded

characters

that

serially

encoded

characters

that

terminal.
--

terminal

circuit
the

represent

user's

equipment.

J
O0OO0O0OO0OO
0O
OO0

O0O0O0OO0O0ODO0OOOOO

OO0

— PIN 14

OO0

PIN 1

25 PIN MALE CONNECTOR

Al
df o

MA-7255

Figure

1-3

EIA Connector

Table

1-1

EIA

Interface

Signals

‘
Name

Protective Ground

PGND

Transmitted

TXD

183/BA

LA100@

3
4
5
6
7
8

Received Data
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Data Set Ready
Signal Ground
Receive Line

RXD
RTS
CTS
DSR
SGND
RLSD

104/BB
195/CA
196/CB
107/CC
102/AB
199 /CF

User
LA10@
User
User

9
19
11

Signal Detect
No Connection
No Connection
Restraint

BUSY

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Speed Indicator
No Connection
No Connection
No Connection
No Connection
No Connection
No Connection
Secondary Request
to

CCITT/EIA
Mnemonic Designation

Data

Source

191/AA

User

LA10@

SPDI

User

SRTS

120 /SCA

LA1OO

DTR

198.2/CD

LAl1Q0

SPDS

111/CH

LA100

Send

Data

Terminal

Ready

Connection

23
24
25

Speed Select
No Connection
No Connection

Request

Send

(RTS)

Direction:

From

terminal

When the RTS signal is on, the terminal is ready to send data.
Clear to Send
Direction: To

(CTS) -terminal

This

monitors

the

CTS

circuit

response

terminal

will

modem
Data

RTS.

not

control
Set

The

DSR

not

transmit

modem

transmit

(DSR)

signal

generated

control

any

CTS

codes

CTS

the

assumed

always

selected,

the

not

modem

Letterprinter

on.

With

on.

terminal

signal

is
or

control

indicator

modem

selected,

Ready

Direction:

With

when

selected,

light

the

receive

goes

data

set

until

ready.

this

DSR

always

when

the

DSR

The

signal

assumed

signal

terminal

will

on.

With

on.

The

DSR

potential

for

received.

Signal Ground -- Pin 7
This

circuit

establishes

all

interface

circuits.

This

the

protective

ground

Recelive

Line

Direction:
The

RLSD

carrier

this

signal
to

Detect

on.

indicator

With

(BUSY/READY)

From

restraint

computer

When

goes

off,

the

Indicator

(SPDI)

Direction:

With

mode

speed

the

that

terminal

SPDI

off.

ragardless

useful

when

received

the

modem

will

not

control

has

receive

selected,

data

RLSD

until

is always

selected,
should

computer
--

the

condition

temporarily

can

resume

stop

sending

BUSY

sending

data.

terminal

disabled,

your

terminal

operator

your

modem

signal

the

terminal

that

Speed

connected

terminal

indicates
BUSY

reference
permanently

on.

Restraint

the

(RLSD)

Your

Direction:

With

circuit.

signal.

ground

circuit

terminal

signal

data

assumed

Signal

common

selected baud rate. With
operates
at
the
operator

However,

your

the

you

rate

using

terminal

selected

variable

speed

ignores

will

when

SPDI

and

operates

the speed mode selected,
selected
baud
rate
when

operate

SPDI

modems

such

on.

the

1200

This

Bell

baud

feature

212-A.

Secondary Request to Send
Direction: From terminal
Same

Restraint

Data

Terminal

Direction:

When

the

data.
or

the

Speed

Ready

From

DTR

When

(pin

11)

(DTR)

terminal

signal

on,

DTR

off,

terminal

local.

Indicator

Direction:

(SRTS)

(SPDS)

From

your

terminal

1is

capable

processing

of
a

receiving

disconnect,

terminal

With the
terminal

speed mode selected, and the receive baud rate of your
at
1200
baud
or
higher,
the
terminal
turns
SPDS
on.

Otherwise

SPDS

EIA

CIRCUIT

kept

off.

JUMPERS

For
special
applications
you
can
physically
following EIA circuits by removing a jumper:

Protective
Busy

Speed

When

the

EIA

EIA
to

EIA

connector

Send

Guide

the

11
--

EIA

connector

the
EIA
circuit
jumpers
are
removed,
test fails. Refer to the jumper removal

Installation

jumpecrs.

Request

Select

any
of
control line

connector

Indicator

Secondary
Speed

Ground

EIA

disconnect

before

removing

any

the

loopback
procedure in

EIA

circuit

CONNECTING

THE

LETTERPRINTER

You
can
directly

connect
the
or through a

shown

Figure

loop

interface

connect

you

will

1-4.

can

your

need

100

The

EIA

used

THE

COMPUTER

interface

terminal

modem

(data

Letterprinter
100
terminal
to
a
common carrier facility (telephone
both

optional

computer
line) as

current

applications.

computer

through

set).

modem

The

telephone

changes

1line,

the

serial

characters

transmitted between the terminal and the computer into
that can be transmitted over the telepone lines.
Several

signals
types

modems can be used with your Letterprinter 100 terminal.
the modem you
select must be compatible with the modem

However,

used

NOTE:

the

computer.

Some

modems

either

permit

parity.

Therefore,

Letterprinter

your

Your

terminal
communication

are

used

not

data

Letterprinter

CONTROL

bits

important
and

the

plus

check

modem

parity;

data

the

bits

they

and

compatibility

settings.

also be compatible with
the computer
and
the
system.
Operator-selectable
communication
switches

achieve

MODEM

data

parity

must

plus

terminal

the

Refer

permit

bits

this

compatibility
100

for

Operator

the

Guide

Letterprinter

for

100.

details.

When
on-line,
the
Letterprinter
100
1is
connected
to
the
communication line and is capable of receiving and sending data.

It
communicates
with
EIA
compatible
asynchronous communication lines.

devices

Your

types

terminal

supports

two

Dbasic

full-duplex

communication
-permit data to be

with
and
without
modem
control.
Both methods
transmitted and received at the same time. When
full-duplex with
no modem control,
data transmission

you

select

and

reception

always

enabled

when

not

1local.

Full-duplex

with modem control requires that both your terminal and the
recognize the proper EIA signals before transmitting data.
1-2

shows

EIA

control

the effects
signals.

that

the

modem/no

modem

feature

When
you
select
no modem
control,
the
terminal
communicate directly with
a computer
(null modem
or
with
full-duplex
modems
that
do
not
support

ready)

RLSD

(receive

Modem

control

permits

such

Bell

the

line

your

103,

signal

212,

the

allows
you
to
configurations)
DSR
(data
set

indicator).

terminal

the

has

modem
Table

the

communicate

through

Vadic

equivalent

when

operating

3400,

modems

modems.

NOTE:

with

The

the

terminal

must

current

loop

set

modem

communication

control

option.

COMPUTER

TERMINAL

COMPUTER

TERMINAL

MA-7776E

Figure

1-4

Connecting
to

the

Computer

Letterprinter

100

Table

1-2

Modem Control

Effects

EIA

Signal

EIA

Signals

Modem

No Modem

Control

DTR

active

RTS

active

TXD

active

RXD

active

DSR

inactive

CTS

inactive

active

RLSD

inactive

active

Key

OFF

Signal

off

Active

Signal

turns

Signal

EIA

Inactive

Signal

EIA

connector

off

depending

terminal

but

terminal

connector

ignored at
internally forces

EIA connector
signal on.

1-11

state.

FULL-DUPLEX

DISCONNECT

full-duplex

disconnect

Terminal

Ready)

performed

RLSD

Wrong number
on within 20

turns

the

paper
®

after

DTR

for

off

time

out

#.2

seconds

turning
plus

the

seconds.

than

(DSR

two

seconds

on,

then

RLSD

does

not

turn

seconds)

paper

out

your

EOT

off

least

(data set ready)
delay time, but not longer than 2
following conditions cause a full-duplex disconnect:
turns

terminal

DSR
The

DSR

for

the

(Data

off

DTR

fault

switch

condition

Letterprinter

control

set

disconnect

and

disconnect

1is

occurs

character

terminal

switched

received

while

coded

local

enabled.
INPUT

BUFFER

OVERFLOW

When

your

than

the

400*

character

NUL

characters

terminal

and

DEL

terminal

buffer.

are

removed

from

falls

behind

overflows.
If
single SUB character
tone sounds.

100

characters),

1input

buffer

There are

PREVENTION

Letterprinter

the

overflow

placed

XON/XOFF

source

when

data.

Using

vyour

input

character

(other

character

its

ready,

the

terminal

buffer

400

and

restraint

XON/XOFF

printed.

the

input

character

is lost: a
and the bell

buffer

feature
stop

characters,

input buffer

temporarily

the

occurs, the
in the input

avoid

stores

than

three ways you can
Use

When

receives

overflows.
to

signal

resume

sending

feature

allows

restraint

the

data

maximum
throughput
and
eliminates
the
need
for
fill
character
calculations
and
message
size
1limits.
These
features are explained in detail later in this chapter.
2.

Send

data

receiving
density
density

only

data

fast

2400

mode
or
300
mode,
your

character

reception.

form
feeds
are
not
received
at
rates
processed

can

baud

less

while

baud
or
terminal
However,

less
can
short

printed.

while
in
keep
up
1lines

rapidly

either.

such

1low

the
with

high
the

and

processed
this
rapidly.
greater
than
2400
baud

When

the

multiple

Characters
cannot
be

instances,

you

can

use
fill
characters
to
slow
down
the
effective
data
transmission rate.
You will
find
fill
time formulas
in
the following section entitled "Fill Time Formulas."

Note:
4096
.

When

using

the

LA1@X-EB

buffer

option,

this

number

Limit
input

the
number
of
characters
in
the message
to
the
buffer
size of
your
terminal.
If
the buffer
1is

empty

can

the

receive

beginning
a message

of
of

thg

transmission,

400

characters

the

without

terminal
a

buffer

prevent

input

overflow.

XON/XOFF
The

and

Restraint
and
restraint

XON/XOFF

buffer

overflows.

restraint

signal,

characters

computer
sets
the

your

stored

When
in

features

you

terminal
the

are

select

used

the

constantly

input

buffer.

XON/XOFF

monitors

The

and/or

the

terminal

the

number

signals

of
the

stop sending
data
(sends
XOFF
control
character
or
signal to on)
when any of the following conditions

BUSY

occur:

)

Number

characters

the

input

buffer

exceeds

200%

characters

The

Terminal

terminal

transmits

signals

(sends

XON

control

any

the

following

)

When
than

When
the
on-line).

XOFF

the

and

Refer

the

Fill

Time

When

receiving

conditions

restraint

signal
100

receives

resume

the

BUSY

signal

the

input

sets

characters.

data

transmission
to

off)

when

occur:

characters

terminal

Letterprinter

then

computer

character

the number of
30 characters

XON/XOFF

and

switched

are

on-line

buffer

(or

Guide

for

less

powered

operator-selectable

Operator

features.

details,

Formulas
data

2400

baud

less,

your

terminal

up with normal character reception. Short lines
feeds cannot be printed this rapidly.
However,
characters.

Fill

characters

are

stripped

out

stream

Note:

When

using

the

data

not

the LAl0X-EB

3584,

enter
upon

the

can

keep

and multiple
you may use

form
fill

input

buffer;

buffer

option,

this

number
|

1-13

they

reception.

The

Letterprinter

100's

printhead

and

form

movements

(horizontal

and vertical)
are directly related to the fill time required to
slow
down
the
effective
data
transmission
rate.
The
fill
time

required to compensate for these movements
of fill characters needed using the

can be converted to
following formula.

number

Fill
Number

Fill

Characters

Time

other

NUL

the

characters

only
may

Required

Character
NOTE:

the

recommended

seem

fill

achieve

Execution

Time

character

even

the

same

time

sequences)

though

result

some

1in

special

for

horizontal

movement

the

cases.,

Determining
You

can

Fill

Time

determine

(including

tabs

and

required

determine

the

for

each

6.6,

actual
the

pitches:

(11

double-width

You

can

determine

(includes

1line

positioning

First,

using

the

for

5.5

each

time

for

fill

tabs,

form
way.

the

for

vertical
in

the

following

number

way.

Then,

allow

double-width

additional

column

lines

moved

vertical

feeds,

actual

and

movement

vertical

distance

moved

formula.
of

Lines

Moved

pitch
line

Character Transmission Time
The character
transmission

time

based

moved.

(39

required

allow 38 ms for the first
each additional inch.

columns

following

pitches).

Vertical
Then

and

columns

the

following

Moved

feeds,

Number
Inches

number

first

8.25)

sequences)

convert

fill

positioning

First,
ms

Required

the

given

baud

rate.

moved

1/6

and

200

given

milliseconds

and

the

time

inch,

takes

character
to
the
terminal.
Character
transmission
applicable baud rates are shown in Table 1-3.

transmit

times

the

Table

1-3

Baud

Rate

Character

Transmission

110

90.0

300
690

33.3
16.6

1200

8.3

1800

5.5

2400

4.1

4800
9600

2.0
1.0

NOTE:

fill

Character

times

Transmission

Times

transmission

only.

Times

(msec)

times

are

provided

for

calculation

Fill

Time Formula
1.

Examples

Horizontal
Assumed

movement

values:

Baud

Rate

1200,

Horizontal

Pitch

any

single width pitch (10, 12, 13.2, 16.5). Also assume that
horizontal tab stops are set at columns 9, 17, and 25 and
printing begins at column 9.
If the next two characters
received
are
TAB
TAB,
calculate
the
number
of
fill
characters required in the following way.
First,

calculate the
following formula.

Final

column

number

Current
25

Then

5.5

allow

per

10
6
33 ms

5.5

150

The

fill

Next,

per

column

Column
-

column

for

the

for

required

183

the

fill

time

found

The

Fill

number

Characters

number

fill

Twenty-three

two

the

remaining

divide

this

Number

moved

using

Columns

the

Moved

first

columns

and

columns.

150 ms
33 ms
= 183 ms

time

columns

transmission

Number

required

Table

fill

the

character

1-3.

Required

characters

the

(23)

ms.

183

8.3

required

whole

characters

number,
(NUL)

22.04.

which

Round

should

Vertical

Pitch

23.
the

tabs.

Vertical
Assumed

Movement
values:

Baud

Rate

1200

baud,

lines per inch and paper is set to line 1@0. Also assume
that the next characters received are nine line feeds.

First,

calculate

the

actual

distance

moved

following

Lines
Number

Inches

Moved

moved

Vertical
9

11/2

inches

Pitch

using

the

Then

allow

for

the

200

2/6

266

The

fill

Next,

remaining

time

for

the

inches
=

266

1/6

inches

inch

moved

ms
required is

divide

the

£fill

time

found

fill

304

number

time
in

ms.

required

Table

characters

fill

required

characters

character

required

this
number
to
the
next
whole
Thirty-three (33) fill characters
nine line feeds.

1-17

the

1-3,.

8.3
The

200

266
of

and

moved.

304

transmission

Number

first

number

ms
is

32.04.

Round

number,
which
is
(NUL) should follow

33.
the

CHAPTER
CHARACTER

PROCESSING

GENERAL

The
response
reception
is
processes
from

of
vyour
Letterprinter
100
described
in
this
chapter.

characters

the

American

accordance

National

with

Terminal
to
character
The
Letterprinter
100
the

Standards

following

standards

Institute

(ANSTI)
:

X3.64--1979, X3.4--1977, and X3.41--1974. The ANSI system defines
a standard character chart shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1 shows
each

character

with

1its

binary,

octal,

decimal

and

hexadecimal

values.

NOTE:

The
Standards
Committee
ALPHABET

The

processes

section

used to

received

character

as defined by ANSI. The position
chart
determines
the
type
of
character or control character.

addition

this

are

terminal

character
character
printable
In

character chart corresponds
to the International
Organization
(ISO)
Standard 646, and the Consultative
for International Telephony
and Telegraphy
(CCITT)

the

defines

provide

DEC

printable

characters

escape

control

and

additional

terminals

based

the

type

of the character in the
character
as
either
a

and

control

sequences.

characters,

These

sequences

controls.

functioned

with

data

bits

only.

The

8th

bit when present either was ignored or set to an irrelevant value.
Your Letterprinter 100 Terminal, however, can function in a full
8-bit mode with a repertory of 256 character codes.
It can also
function in the 7-bit mode (128 codes) if necessary.

CHARACTER

HANDLING

A character sent from the computer to the terminal,
first goes
through the application program, then through the terminal handler
of
the
computer,
then
through
the
character
processor
of
the
terminal, then finally creates a terminal action.
To

know

exactly

what

action

caused

character

your application program, you have to make sure
following parts of the system are set properly:
Application program
Transmitting part of

the terminal
Receiving part of the terminal
General terminal settings

set

the terminal,

Operator

operating

your
For

Guide;

system

refer
set

guide;

application guide.

the

that

sent

all

terminal

the

handler

this book and the Letterprinter

set

from

handler,

application

refer

program,

100

your

refer

example:

A
form
feed
control
character
(octal
014)
sent
from
the
application program may not be executed by the terminal because
the terminal is not set for form handling, or because the terminal
handler is set to change form feeds into multiple line feeds. An
escape control character (octal @33) may be changed into a dollar
sign by the terminal handler or the application program.
|

Horizontal tab control character
(octal @11) may be changed into
spaces by the application program or the terminal handler, or may
not be executed because no tab is set in the terminal.
Lowercase
CODING

characters may

changed

into

uppercase

characters.

ENVIRONMENTS

DEC

terminals

functioned

with

data

bits

only.

The

8th

bit when present either was ignored or set to an irrelevant value.
Your Letterprinter 100 terminal can function in this 7-bit mode
with a repertory of 128 codes (Figure 2-2). The terminal can also
function in a full 8-bit mode with a repertory of 256 character
codes

(Figure

Character

2-1).

codes

the

octal

range of

000 to #37

are

collectively

known as the control set C@. Character codes in the octal range of
200 to 237 are collectively known as the control set Cl. Character

codes in the octal range of @41 to 176 are collectively known
the graphic set GL. Character codes in the octal range of 241
276

are

collectively known as

the graphic

set GR.

as
to

Accordingly,

control
process

in addition to the 7-bit GL graphic codes and C¢
codes, your Letterprinter 100 terminal can receive and
8-bit GR graphic codes and Cl control codes. The graphic

codes represent printable characters. The control characters
not printable; they start, modify, or stop terminal operation.

are

0 0
B5

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1|[ROW

0 00 O0]O

NUL

001 1]3
4

101 0l

o1 1

101

121

gg'\,‘)'

120

g&g 19

103

123

104

124

7
140

9
200

220

141

161

201

221

112

128 | DCS | 144

113

129

145

160

11
240

1
1

160

0 1

12
260

176

/\\

1 ,

1
1

300

320

192

208

-g

15
340

241

261

301

321

341

177

193

209

360

224

161

1
0

240

225

361

)

362

241

102

122

142

162

114

202

130

222

242

262

178

302

A | 194

322

342

143

163

115

203

131

223

243

263

BREE

144

164

204

116 | IND | 132

224

148

244

264

304

324

344

364

Cc4

165

205

225

245

265

305

166

118

206

134

226

150

246

167

119

207

135

151

230

100

146

147

162

163

179

|19

210

D2
P

323

211

F1-

226

242

E2
N

3; §

343

227

243

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106

126

146

s |CAN|

110

130

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170

210

171

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231

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252

272

312

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352

372

T 1.01 ]13

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ASCIl GRAPHIC CHARACTER SET

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203

189

190

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214

204

205

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206

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DEC SUPPLIMENTAL GRAPHIC SET

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

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MA-10,087A

Figure

2-1

Standard

Character

Chart

Bit)

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

(0)

0 00 O0}O

NUL

0
1

000 11

DC1

010 1|5
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164

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101

165

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102

166
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115
73

116
74

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127

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91

106

Y
,z

153

121

172

122

173

107

123

116

136

110

117

137

157

177

140

120

0|14

111 1|18

100

ENQ 5

lu ) VYT

1 100112

3 | (XOFF) | 19

01 00|34

3
40

|'pDCc3|

001 1]3

om | 17

’

<
_

108
6C

124
7C

155

175

109

125

156

111 DEL

176

126

127

ascll CHARACTER| ESC | 23 | °C¢TM*
27

| DECIMAL

§ HEX
MA-7247

Figure

2-2

Standard

Character

Chart

Bit)

Note

that all of the functions are available in either
in the 7-bit environment, coding
is less efficient in
codes are required to achieve the same results.
There

are

features

three

features

govern

transmitted
Data

Bit

the

Selection

Transmit

Receive

Enable

These

features

are

and

Receive

Enable

PRINTABLE

select

the

coding

received

that

environment.

data

and

the

but
more

These

encoding

data:

that

processing

mode,

(communication

switch

selectable)

(escape sequence selectable mode)
(escape sequence selectable mode)

described

detail

the

range

Transmit

Enable

sections.

CHARACTERS

Characters

characters

the

graphic

set

graphic

(octal

set

(octal

usually cause the Letterprinter 100 to
on
the paper.
Your
terminal
receives

range

@41

176)

and

241

376)

display (print)
a character
these printable characters

and stores
them
in a
line buffer.
These characters
when one of the following conditions occur:
&
@

no character
paper motion

overprint

received

command

for

(except

than

are

printed

underline)

If the active column is not greater than the right margin,
each
received
character
1is
printed
and
the
active
column
is
incremented. The actual character printed depends on the character

code

received,

CONTROL

the

control

Letterprinter
not
printed.
control

with

font

selected,

and

set

the

control
of

control

set

(octal

Letterprinter

responds

listed

set

selected.

The

each

control

character

control

characters

Each

control

function

The mnemonic

and

are

037)

and

Terminal
the

associated

100

2-1

000

the
are
receives
a

Letterprinter

Tables

237)
usually cause
Control characters

performing

tables.
All
other
cause no action.

mnemonic.

range

range of 200 to
perform some action.

character.

characters

function

name.

character

(octal

100 to
When
your

character,

control

NOTE:

the

CHARACTERS

Characters
the

the

action

100

2-2.

also

received

responds
The

the

mnemonic

and

listed

terminal

mentioned

this

abbreviation

the

manual

control

these

has
a

function

Table

2-1

Control

Characters

Name

|
Mnemonic

Octal
Code

Function

Null

NUL

Used

(see

Chapter

fill

characters
1,

communications)
.

Start

heading

SOH

001

No action

Start

text

STX

Ga2

action

End

text

ETX

End

transmission

EOT

ga4

Used as disconnect
character if enabled.

ENOQ

@335

Enquiry

Request answerback
message.

Acknowledge

ACK

206

No action

BELL

BEL

@da7

Sounds audible bell
tone.

Backspace

310

Moves the active column
left

Horizontal

tab

g1l1

one

column

(except

graphic mode).

Advances to next

horizontal

(except

tab stop
graphic

mode)
.

Linefeed

@12

Advances to next line.
Performs
return

(except

carriage

enabled

in graphic

mode)
.

Vertical

tab

@13

Advances to next
vertical tab stop
(except in graphic
mode)
.

Form feed

314

Carriage return

@15

Advances to next top
margin (except in
graphic mode)
.

Returns to

left margin.

Performs line feed
enabled (except in
graphic mode)
.

Table

2-1

C@ Control Characters

Name

Shift

out

(Cont)

Mnemonic

Octal
Code

Function

@16

Maps

character

Shift

Data

link

escape

Device

control

Device

control

Device

control

Device

control

Negative

(XOFF)

acknowledge

Synchronous
End

(XON)

idle

transmission

Cancel

block

printer

set.

@17

Maps Gl to GR printer
character set.

DLE

G20

action

DC1

@21

action

DC2

@22

action

DC3

@23

action

DC4

@24

action

NAK

@25

action

SYN

226

action

ETB

@27

action

CAN

B30

Immediately
control

ends

any

escape

sequence.

End

medium

Substitute

@31

SUB

@32

action

Immediately
control

sequence.

received
are

Escape

ESC

@33

L1}

any

Characters

with

replaced

enabled.
as

ends
escape

SUB

Introduces

errors
by

SUB

1is

printed

11}

1] .

escape

sequence.

File

separator

Group

separator

Record

Unit

separator

Delete

@34

action

@35

action

@36

action

@37

action

DEL

177

operation

(Not

stored

input

Not

used

filler)
.

buffer.
as

Table

2-2

Control

Characters
Octal

Name
Same

ESC

Mnemonic

Code

Function

reserved

200

Reset parser with no
action

Same as

ESC A

reserved

201

Same

ESC B

reserved

202

Same as

ESC C

reserved

203

IND

204

Index

Reset parser with no

action

Reset parser with no

action

Reset parser with no

action

Increment active line

and

advance

paper

line feed new
has no effect

line mode
on this

feature.

205

NEL

Next line

Set active column to
left margin

increment

and

active

line

Reset parser with no

Start of selected area

SSA

206

End of selected area

ESA

207

Horizontal
set

tabulation

HTS

210

Set horizontal tab stop
at active column.

Horizontal tabulation
with justification

HTJ

211

Reset parser with no
action

Vertical

VTS

212

tabulation set

Partial line down

*PLD
f

213

action

Reset parser with no

action

Set vertical

active

tab stop

line

Index paper up .212 cm

(1/12 inch) -- line
feed new line mode has
no effect on this
sequence.

Partial

line up

*PLU

214

Index paper down

.212

cm (1/12 inch) -- line
feed new line mode has
no effect on this
sequence.

Table

2-2

C1l Control

Characters

(Cont)
Octal

Name
Reverse

index

Mnemonic

Code

Function

215

Decrement
and

move

line
line

active
paper

-- line feed
feed had no

effect

line

down

one
new

this

sequence.,

Single

shift

Single

shift

SS2

SS3

216

217

Device

control

string

DCS

220

Activates

set

character

for

Activates

set

character

for

Device

DCS

use

PU1

221

Private use 2

PU2

222

character

control

introducer

Private

character

string

(Refer

processing)

Reset parser
action

with

Reset paréer with no
action

Set

transmit

state

STS

223

Reset

parser

with

parser

with

action
Cancel

character

CCH

224

Reset

action
Message

Start

waiting

protected

area

225

Reset parser
action

with

SPA

226

Reset

parser

with

parser

with

parser

with

parser

with

parser

with

action
End

protected

area

EPA

227

Reset

action
Same

ESC

reserved

230

Reset

action
Same

ESC

reserved

231

Reset

action
Same

ESC

reserved

232

Reset

action
Control

sequence

introducer

CSI

233

Used

gain

extended

functionality through
control sequencing.

Table

2-2

Cl Control Characters

(Cont)
Octal

Name
String

terminator

Operating

system

Mnemonic

Code

Function

234

Ends any pending ANSI
string, reverts to text
processing mode.

OSC

235

Start

0OSC

(See

string

command
Privacy message

236

Application

APC

237

program

command

string.

processing)

Start privacy message.
(See string processing)

Start

application

program

command.

string

processing)

(See

* NOTE: PLD and PLU do not modify active line or the position
counter. To maintain proper vertical form handling, send as many
PLDs

PLUs.

2-10

ESCAPE

AND

Escape

CONTROL

and

SEQUENCES

control

sequences

are

used

provide

additional

controls not provided by the control characters in the character
set. These sequences are multiple character control functions that
are
not
printed
but
are
used
to
control
the
printing
and
processing

of characters. Escape and control sequences are defined
in ANSI standards X3.41] 1974 and X3.64 1979. Refer to Appendix A
for
more
detailed
information on
escape
and
control
sequence
processing.
Definitions
of
the
Letterprinter
100
escape and
control

sequence

functions

NOTE:

sequence,

the

character

escape

will

have.

are

provided

control

not

sequence

clear

recommended

For

example,

some

The

sequence

ESC

systems

then

echo

becomes

the

CTL

ESC

aborted

action

therefore

cancel control character
\ (octal 033 127).

CTL

what

followed by a
sequence. ESC

operating

Chapter

the

that
no

any

abort

action

(control)

middle

following

which

escape

puts

C.
the

terminal
in
the ANSI
string processing mode.
If
this
condition
occurs and 1f the host does not send the cancel control character,
the Letterprinter 100 will discard all printable characters
(see
ANSI

string

host
exit

not
send
the
SELF TEST.

SPECIAL

The

processing).

recover

control

from

this

character,

mode,

you

should

the

enter

and

must

CHARACTERS

following

DEL

cancel

characters

are

special

characters:

character (octal @40)
character
(octal 177)

character

represented

octal

240

character

represented

octal

377

While
in the text mode,
the space character will
increment the
active column (subject to margins)
but will not reset the single
shift flags. While in the escape mode, SP will be processed as an
intermediate character.
The

DEL

not

recommended

While

character

processed

stripped

from

the

fill

character.

text

mode,

the

character

unspecified

printable

received

data

represented
character

stream.

octal

(printed

240

using

the

error character). It will reset the single shift flag in the same
as the GR codes. While in escape mode,
it will be equivalent

way
to

The

space

(octal

character

received

data

049).

represented
stream.

octal

not

recommended

377

stripped

fill

from

the

character.

CHARACTER

SETS

Ninety four

codes

are

one

eighty

eight

codes

reserved

are

not

sufficient

hundred

environment.
characters
So,

They

that may

characters

called
sets

into

can

are

reserved

required

grouped

GR.

for

They

sets

further

preselected.

then

Figure 2-3 and 2-4 show how any set from
be designated as G@-G3 and how G@-G3 can
or

the

7-bit

environment;

for

and

94,

access

particular

improve

are

8-bit

and

any

set

can

processing

speed,

known

Gl,

an
be

the

application.

G@,

the

character

set

section

2-12

G3.

infinite repertory can
invoked into either GL

GR.

Refer

the

all

Chapter

for

detail.

l co

U
4

7 - SET IN USE

@ S1 OR LSO

‘

@ SO OR LS1
|

J
GO

[

@ SS2 OR LS2

r @ SS3 OR LS3

GRAPHIC

REPERTORY|

|-~

MA-0280-82

Figure

2-3

Code

Extension

7-Bit

Environment

I ]

~ L

;

@ S1 OR LSO

—

@ SO OR LST

@ SS2 OR LS2

8 - BIT SET IN USE

;J l

—
3)(4

—

|
|

i
|
|

7|
I co

@ LS1R

@ SS3 OR LS3

- (::) LS2R

| . IF ESCT .. IF

@ LS3R

DESIGNATION OF GRAPHIC SETS

GRAPHIC

REPERTORY 1 |

MA-0279-82

Figure

2-4

Code

Extension

8-Bit

Environment

CHAPTER
ESCAPE

AND

CONTROL

SEQUENCE

DEFINITIONS

GENERAL

This

chapter

descibes

escape

and

control

escape

sequence

description

should

NOTE:

The

bit

octal

ASCII

processing

read

control

before

escape

and

encoding.

characters.

detail

sequences.

this

control

They

are

described

characters

using

The

all

the

Information

1is

Letterprinter

concerning

Appendix

provided

100

generic

general

Chapter

and

eight

section.

sequences

illustrated

illustration

are

defined

using C@/Cl

will

vary with

their

mnemonics

the

and

character

set selected; use only the octal encoding
as a reference. Although
the sequences are defined with an eight bit encoding, the seven
bit equivalent encoding will have the same effect.
DETAILED

SEQUENCE

DEFINITIONS

The following section describes
in detail the escape and control
sequences
to which your
terminal
responds.
These
sequences
are

described

7/8

Bit

the

following

Environment

order:

Selection

Introduction
Cl Transmit Enable/Disable
Cl Receilve Enable/Disable
Line Feed New Line Mode
Auto Wraparound Mode
Active Column and Active

Horizontal

Forms

Line

Handling

Print Area
Horizontal
Horizontal

Margins
Pitch Select

Horizontal
Horizontal

Pitch
Tabs

Vertical

Forms

Vertical
Form

Mode

(Characters

per

Handling

Pitch

(Lines

Length

Vertical

Margins

Vertical

Tabs

per

Inch)

Character

Style
Quality Select Mode
Select Graphic Rendition
Character Set Designation
Character Set Invocation

Reports

Request Font Configuration
Report Font Configuration
Request

Report

7/8

BIT

This
how

Product

ENVIRONMENT

section
to

Identification

describes

translate

Environment

SELECTION

the

how

data

select

for

each

your

coding

environment

and

environment.

Selection

There
are
three
variables
governing
the
data and the encoding of transmitted data:

processing

received

Data Bit Selection
(communication switch selectable -to
change
the
data
bit
feature,
refer
to
the
Letterprinter 100 operator Guide)

Cl
Cl
The

factors

Transmitting
l.

Transmit Enable (escape sequence selectable mode)
Receive Enable (escape sequence selectable mode)
governing

character

processing

are

described

below.

Characters

Whenever

switch

the

set

data

8-bit

Transmit
Enable
transmitted using

Whenever
the
switch set to

Transmit

bits

1is

data),

its

use

mode
1is
selected),
8-bit coding.

8
data
bits
1is
8-bit data), and

Disable

selected,

and

mode

1is

allowed

data

selected,
its use is

selected),

(communication

will

(Cl
be

(communication
restricted (Cl

data

transmitted using 8-bit coding, Cl control
transmitted using 7 bit equivalent coding.

data

will

Whenever 7 data bits
is selected
set
to
7-bit
data),
any
code
tanslated

into

NOTE:

exception

answerback

7-bit

message

code

to
to

(communication switch
transmitted
will
be
equivalent.

these
be

rules

does

translated.

NOT

permit

answerback

message containing 8-bit data is to be sent without using
the 8th bit, the MSB will be truncated and the coding
will not be converted.

B7 oo

0 9

BITS

COLUMN

B4 B3 B2 B1|ROW

0 00 O0f0O

NUL

0
2

3
40

32
20

48
30

5
100

6
120

0 4

7
140

0,
9

200

220

90 \\

112
71

113

129

102

122

142

162

202

222

114

130

|24

A2]

243 |

263

323

343

363

115

131

104

124

144

164

204

224

100

116 | IND | 132

105

125

165

0110|686

106

126

146

01 1 1|7

BEL 7

’

147

127

130

150

HT |

131

151

0|14

111 1

|15

| D

145

CAN

B | 32

38
26

(

)

ESC | 32

111

53"

1F|

112

132

113

[

133

114

134

’

KEY L
|

FF | 12

SI | ;5

107

110

G 71

10 SU
|

ASCIl CONTROL
SET

ASCII CHARACTER

T 1.0 1|13

240

177
B1

242

262

e2)

|78

193
C1

302

|194]

321

360

224

1 1.0 0112

301

(x&s 19

o1 1|

208

223

101 010

192

15
340

203

1T 00 1]09

320

163

300

l\\

261

143

1 00 0]

241

176

123

|ENQ

AO |

12
260

221

103

o010 1|5

160}

201

00]|4

\\ 240

128 | DCS | 144

160

161

001 1]3

L 1

141

(Xg\,}

121

4
60

101

0]2

0 00 1|1
001

209

322

341

225

342

|20

‘

241
F1

362

|26|

179

303

244

264

304

148

164

180

|19

| 244

205

117 | NEL | 133

225

245

265

305

325

345

365

166

118

206

266

306

@@ | 230|

366

214

346

| 326

150

246 |

134

226

167

119

207

347

151

247

135

227

170

210 |

1200 HTS | 136

230

250

171

121

211

137

231

251

152

172

212

1221 VTS | 138

232

332

352

/E\

312

272

252

153

107

173

213

233

333

'E'

313

273

253 |

290

& | 28|

154

174

214

234

254

VY,

274

314

'U'

334

354

I
.

145

101

102
66

103

104
68

105

106
6A

108

147

149

152

153

154

123 PLD | 139 | CS1 | 155

124

PLU | 140 | ST | 156

163

|65

66|

181

167

169

170

171

172

199 | CE
C7

310

7))

330

311

331

184
B8

271

185

186

187

188

200

201

202

203

204

213

227
E3

344

|22

327

324

307

211

267

183

197

[ | 198

270

168

182

195

. D6

215

216

217

218

28|

229

231

350

232

351

233

234

220

245

353

‘o | 246

243
364

236

367

370

371

372

373

247
F7

248

249

250

251

374

U | 282

115

]

135

155

109

}

175

215

235

141 | OSC | 157

255

275

315

335

355

375

AD|

116

136

156

176

216

236

256

276

62
:

110

1250

126

SS2 | 142 | PM | 158

173

189

174

190

i
’I‘

205

.Y.

221

316

336

206

22|

]
74

237

356

238

'y'

253

376

254

117

137

157

177

217

237

257

277

317

337

357

\\ 377

oF |

790

ASCIl GRAPHIC CHARACTER SET

1| DEL | 1 SS3 | 43|
ADD’L
SET

APC | 159

o CONTROL

175

191

'I'

207

°° | 23

EFIN

255

DEC SUPPLIMENTAL GRAPHIC SET

DEC MULTINATIONAL CHARACTER SET

ESC i

361

Al
>

| OCTAL
DECIMAL

| HEX
MA-10,087A

Figure

3-1

Standard

Character

Chart

Receiving
1.

Characters
Whenever

set

8-bit
2.

data

7-bit

code

Whenever

switch

bits

data),

with
the

set

the

1is

selected

any

code

MSB

set

bits

data),

and

data

8-bit

(communication

received

Whenever

switch

the

selected,

its

use

described

for

any

code

allowed

(Cl

received

data

8-bit

converting

ANSI

X3.41

between

and

ISO

7-bit to 8-bit Conversion
Converting
from
7
to
8
bit
improves the data transmission

7-bit

and

8-bit

environments

coding

1is

not

required.

only

rate.

converted

(2)
(3)

setting the eighth bit, and
clearing the seventh bit of

1into

setting
8-bit

than

Graphic

using

GL,

the

7-bit

SHIFT

the

eigth

ESC

removing

Rather

the

can

(1)

Converting

G3)

3-1)],

set

bit

the

final

functions

can

from

character.

bring

locked

into

GR,

set

(G%9,

then

accessed

G2,

Conversion

converted

the

character

characters
ESC

required

from

(where

chart

columns

ANSI

chart

translate

columns

represents

and

Graphic

final

inserting

an ESC character followed by a final character obtained by
the 8th bit of the Cl code to "@" and the 7th bit to "1".
Ccnverting

Gl,

"1".

Converting Cl Control Codes
Cl functions coded as single
character

Codes

When operating in a 7-bit environment, it
8-bit codes into their 7-bit equivalent.

and

one-byte

the

and
control

character,

can

2@22.

Converting to Cl Control Codes
The Cl control functions, coded as two-character sequences of
form ESC Fe [where Fe is from the character charts, columns 4

5
(see
Figure
characters by:

(communication

Environment Conversion
method

bits
is
selected,
(communication
data), and its use is restricted (Cl
Disable
mode
is
selected),
GR
data
is
not
Cl control data is truncated (MSB set to "@g").

set

Receive
changed,

The

switch

considered

"g".

Receive
Enable mode
is
selected),
considered an 8-bit code.
3.

setting

Codes

Using the designation sequences, designate the desired set as G2.
Then,
for any GR code,
first send a SS2 function,
then the code
with the eigth bit set to "@g".
|
|

Equivalent Cl Control codes and Escape Sequences
All 8-bit single character control codes perform
as

two-character

supports

the

escape

following

8-Bit Character

sequences.

Your

the

same

Letterprinter

100

combinations:

7-Bit

Sequence

Function

IND

ESC

Index

NEL

ESC

Vertical

HTS

ESC

Horizontal

VTS

ESC

Vertical

line

tabulation

PLD

ESC

Partial

line

down

PLU

ESC

Partial

line

ESC

Reverse

index

SS2

ESC

Single

shift

2
3

SS3

ESC

Single

shift

DCS

ESC

Device

control

CSI

ESC

Control

sequence

ESC

String

terminator

OSC

ESC

]

Operating

ESC

Private message

APC

ESC

The

following

Name

Mnemonic

Transmit

following

Name

sequences

Mnemonic

Receive

Feed

New

Line

line
feed
control
terminal receives a

active line
received

used

enable

ESC

@33

@49

107

ESC

@33

@40

106

used

are

Mode

command

program

disable

Enables

enable

command

Transmit

Disables

Transmit

disable

Receive

Function

ESC

@33

040

067

ESC

033

040

066

introducer

Function

Sequence

Receive

Line

are

set

string

system

Application

Sequence

Transmit

The

sequences

action

terminal

defines

Enables

Disables

your

terminal's

character.
When
this
mode
line feed control character,

Receive

response

is
it

the

off
and
your
increments the

and advances the paper one line. When this mode is on,
line
feed
control
character
causes your
terminal
to

return
the active
usual functions.

column

NOTE: This feature does
modifying active line.

the

left

not

affect

margin

any

the

addition

other

its

functions

Use

the
following
line mode.

Name

Line
new

feed

sequences

enable

Mnemonic

Sequence

LNM

CSI

233

@62

068

150

CSI

233

062

@60

154

line

disable

line

new

Function

Set

line

feed

line mode

mode.

new

on.

Set

line

right

margin.

When

this

mode

feed

line mode

Auto Wraparound Mode
-determines
where
the
next
printed when received while the active position is

the

feed

off,

any

new

off.

character
1is
greater than

characters

received

while

the active position is at the right margin are not printed.
When this mode
is
on,
any characters
received while
the
active
position is greater than the right margin are printed starting at
the left margin on the next line. Use the
enable or disable auto wraparound mode.

Name
Auto

wrap

following

Mnemonic

Sequence

DECAWM

CSI

Set

auto

233

@77

@67

150

mode

on.
auto

around
mode

sequences

Function

CSI

Set

233

@77

@67

154

mode

wraparound

off.

Active
where

line
begin
the

Column and Active Line -- The active column is the column
next character will be printed.
The active line is the
where the next character is printed. Column and line numbers
the

with

one,

active

increment

not

column.

the

active

zero.

Printable

Line

feeds,

characters

vertical

usually

tabs,

and

position

Bell

characters

they

are

not

made

the

not

feeds

line.

The active column and active line collectively are
active position. The active position is only loosely
physical

increment

form

carriage
have

sound

and

paper

active

bell

tone

the
the

mechanism.

position

known as
linked to

attribute

any particular

that

position.

In addition to the control characters

carriage
return,
following control
Name

Mnemonic

Index

IND

(backspace, horizontal tab,

line
feed,
vertical
tab,
and
form
feed)
the
functions modify active column and active line.
Sequence

Function

IND

Increment active line
and advance paper.

204

NOTE :

Line

feed

mode

has

this

feature.

new line
no effect

The * k& character is used to indicate variable numeric

parameters within
escape sequence.
Vertical

VPA

position
absolute

the

octal

CS1I

233

* % %

representation

Set

144

the

active

control

line

than

equal

active

greater

less

bottom margin,
line is set to
on

line

NEL

205

active

Horizontal

HPA

position
absolute

CSI

233

% k %k

Set
140

active
Pn.

greater
margin,

column to
increment

set

column
If

than
with

enabled,

than

active
top margin

left

line.

column

line.

page.

Set active
margin and

NEL

right
wrap

active

left

line.

to
is

column

margin

With

wrap

disabled, active column
is set to right margin.
If Pn is less than or
equal

left

margin,

active column
left margin.
Horizontal
position
relative

HPR

CS1I

Advance

233

* % %

141

column

current
by

set

active

columns.

If
active column exceeds
right margin, with wrap
enabled,

active

column

set to left margin on
next line regardless of
actual

value

Pn.

With

wrap

disabled, active
column is set to right

magin.

motion

occurs.

then

Cursor up

CUU

CSI

233

***

101

Decrement
line

current

active

lines

lines without going past
top margin. If Pn is
greater

than

equal

current active line,
sequence 1s ignored.

Vertical

VPR

position

CSI

233

**%

145

Advance
Pn

relative

lines

are

256
I1f

active

lines.

line by

{4,

assumed.

parameter

exceeds

bottom margin,
line is set to

active
top

margin on next page
regardless of actual
value

NOTE:

The

PLD

sequence

does

not modify

losing the top of form reference
sequences to the terminal.
Partial
line

PLD

down

the

active

equal

send

Index

paper

213

(/12

inch).

new

NOTE:

The

PLU

sequence

does

losing

the

top

reference,

Partial

line

the

PLU

Reverse

index

form

not

modify

send

.212

Line

line mode
this

avoid

PLU

feed

has

sequence.

the

active

line.

equal

number

avoid

PLD

terminal.

PLU

214

line.

number

PLD

effect

sequences

Pn.

Index

paper down .212 cm
(1/12 inch). Line feed
new line mode has no
effect on this sequence.

Decrement

215

move paper down one line.
Line feed new line mode
has no effect on this
sequence.

active

line

and

Horizontal
Forms
Handling
-among
print
area,
horizontal
select

mode

Print Area
will
ever

and

horizontal

tabs.

describes
the
interrelationships
margins,
horizontal
pitch,
pitch

-- the user-defined limits for printing,
no printing
occur
outside
of
these
1limits.
These
limits
remain

unchanged unless explicitly modified.
the following explicit commands:

The

area

modified

The

Set

Recall

Reset

3-2).

area

text

area

from
to

area

user

reference

inches

(see

Figure

The
the

the

user

with

absolute

limits

center

platen.

use

made

the

identically
terminals.

area,

the

horizontal

the horizontal

functions

first parameter
(Pl)
in the set print area sequence defines
new absolute left reference in 1/12 of an inch (measured from
left

edge

the

If Pl is greater
The width of the
specified

platen).

The

width

inches

left

margin

The

column

remains

reference.

(P2)

Left
set

horizontal
If

The

the

second

new

tabs

The

column

right

with

The

greater

next
printable
character
will
(autowraparound/truncate) feature.
following

the

Name
Page

width
Alignment

sequence

the

set

truncated

157.

width

(Pl)

slide

unchanged.
active

(P2)

width

Reference

the

The

parameter

absolute

than 157 (13.08 inches), it is
print area is the smallest of:

13.2

pitch.

Set

provides

print area sequence defines
area in 1/12 of an inch.

memory

default

absolute

functions will operate
DIGITAL's earlier model
The
the
the

permanent

factory

the base reference for all horizontal positioning.

the

NOTE :

used

margin

the

left

head

slides

than

the

activate

set

the

set

left

reference.
with

new

the

right

auto

reference

left

margin,

wraparound

and

width

area.

Mnemonic

Sequence

DECHPWA

CSI

;

233

**%*%

(73

***

(42

163

Function
Set

left

Active

reference

and width of
print area

the

PRINT AREA

(USER-DEFINED
IN INCHES)
PAPER

RIGHT

(USER INSTALLED)

MARGIN

TAB SETTING
MARGINS AND TABS
ARE COLUMN ORIENTED

PLATEN

(132 COLUMNS WIDE ) &

MA-7251A

Figure

3-2

Area

and

Horizontal

3-10

Settings

Horizontal

Margins

return

end-of-line

and

oriented

the

and

are modified
margins

Set

Recall

Reset

from

user

Set

horizontal

Set

horizontal

Select

Set

(see

the

limits

Figure

following

permanent

for

3-2).

the

They

explicit

carriage

are

column

commands:

memory

default

implicit commands:

2.
4,

factory

and by the following

user-defined

functions

pitch
pitch

(cleared)
select mode

quality
graphic rendition

area

If both parameters of the DECSLRM sequence are not zero,
and the
first is the smaller of the two, set the left margin to the first

parameter

and

column

less

1is

the

the
new
left
right margin,
wraparound

- The

the

margin

the

new

the

left

the

margin.
If
active
the next printable

ignored

second

the

parameter.

active

column

active

set

column
is
greater
than
character will activate

The

parameters

sets

the

omit

first

parameter

sequence

right

the
new
the auto

feature.

first

parameter.

second

margin,

(autowraparound/truncate)

sequence

equal

right

than

margin

greater

than

one

also

ignored

past

the

assigned

area.

you

parameter
attempt

the

1in

sequence,

sets

the

right

margin

the

column

set

the

right

margin

the

left

sequence

will

ignored.

you

omit

the

remaining

specified.
the

second

left

you

margin,

parameter

a sequence, the first parameter sets the left margin to the column
specified.
If you attempt to set the left margin to the right of

the right margin, the sequence will be ignored.
If active column
is less than the new left margin, active column is set to the new
left
margin.
If
active
column
is
greater
than
the
new
right
margin,
the
next
printable
character
will
activate
the
auto
wraparound (autowraparound/truncate)
feature.
If you set
unchanged.

The

both

following

Name

Set

left

and

right

parameters

sequence

zero,

used

set

omit

the

them,

left

Mnemonic

Sequence

DECSLRM

CSI

;

233

***

@73

***

163

NOTE:

The

escape

***

character

within

sequence.

the

octal

margins

right

are

margins.

Function

margins

parameters

and

the

used

Set

indicate

representation

left

and

right

margins to the
values given

variable

the

numeric

control

Horizontal Pitch -- determines the width of printed characters as
well as their spacing.
Your
terminal has eight horizontal pitch
selections (see Figure 3-3).
on a single print line.

Any

NOTE:

pitch

the

The

actual

density

horizontal

select

mode,

combinations

pitch

used

features

Horizontal

and

modified

the

1.
2.

Set horizontal pitch
Recall from user permanent

Reset

the

factory

following

Set pitch select mode
Select print quality

Select

graphic

rendition

pitch

the

horizontal

new

active

may

terminal
and

used

depends

horizontal

attempting

following

pitch

select

explicit

commands:

active

column.

memory

commands:

1.
2.

Changing

when

pitch

default

implicit

modified

the

select mode,

features. Refer
to all three
horizontal pitch.

pitch

column

modifies
the

first

the

column

boundary

The

the right of the physical position of the previous active column
in the old pitch. The new active column is calculated as follows:
New

column

(01d

O0ld
where

New

column

The

division

fractional

column

Changing
margin

right

column
pitch

=
=

performed
part

horizontal
set

margin

New

pitch

New pitch
0ld
01ld

the

new

the

new pitch

the
the

o0ld
o0ld

above
the

pitch

active

inches

per

character

active column
pitch in inches

per

character

quotient
also

column

one

set

the maximum

integer
is

clears

and,

column

division.

Any

remainder

discarded.
horizontal margins.

depending

column

(see Table 3-1). Pitch settings have no
The following sequences are used to set

for

the

The

left

area,

the

selected

effect on the print
horizontal pitch.

pitch
area.

et
BOCNHeasRaeIDTERLDS
S PER

CHARADCDCTERS

CHAaRACTERES

8.25

CHARACTERS

PER

12 CHARACTERS PER

PEERE
FER

FER

LY L

O IMNDCH
TINCH

INCH

ITNCH

INCH

13.2 CHARACTERS PER INCH
14.5 CHARACTERS PER INCH

Figure

3-3

MA-8323

Horizontal

Pitch

Examples

Table

3-1

Maximum

Right

Margins

Horizontal

Maximum

Pitch

Right

132

158

13.2

168

16.5

217

6.6

8.25

108

Margin

(with

area

set

13.2

in.)

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set
horizontal

DECSHORP

CSI
233

Y]
@6@

CSI

233

@61

pitch

Function
W
167

Set horizontal
to default (10

pitch
cpi)

Set

pitch

167

CS1I

233

@62

167

horizontal
10

char/in

Set horizontal pitch
to

CSI

Set

233

@63

167

char/in

horizontal
13.2

CSI

Set

233

@064

167

horizontal
16.5

CSI

Set

233

@65

167

Set

233

@66

167

Set

233

@67

167

Set

233

@70

167

pitch

char/in
horizontal

6.6

CSI

pitch

char/in
horizontal

CSI

pitch

char/in

horizontal

CSI

pitch

char/in

pitch

char/in

horizontal
8.25

pitch

char/in

Horizontal

Pitch
Select
Mode
-selects
font
pitches
or
all
pitches. When your terminal is set to all pitches the terminal can
print any of the eight horizontal pitch selections available. This
feature
is
useful when your
terminal
is
used as a
lineprinter.

When

font

pitches

selected,

your

terminal

will

the

single width pitch of the current font
(1@ or 12 characters per
inch) or its double width (5 or 6 characters per inch)
only. This
feature
1s
useful
when
printing
draft
copies
of
future
letter
quality documents because the draft quality copy will look 1like
the

letter

Horizontal

quality

pitch

copy.

select

mode

modified

commands
:

Set

Recall

horizontal

Reset

from

pitch

user

factory

select

permanent

default

mode
memory

the

following

explicit

There are no implicit commands that modify horizontal pitch select
mode. Use the following sequences to select font pitches or all
pitches.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Function

Pitch

cCSI

Set pitch select

select
mode

233

@77

@62

@71

150

mode to font
pitches.

Pitch

CSI

select

233

077

@62

@71

154

are

column

Horizontal

Tabs

oriented

Set

pitch

select

mode to all
pitches.

predefined

positions

paper
(see Figure 3-2).
The Letterprinter 100 has
217 possible
horizontal
tab
stops,
one
for
each
column.
Tab
stops
are
assoclated with column numbers
relative to the print area,
not
physical
positions
on
the
paper.
Therefore,
if you
change
the
horizontal pitch you also change the physical position of the tab
stops. Tabs are modified by the following explicit commands:

and

Set

Clear

Recall

Reset

the

horizontal

tab

horizontal
from
to

user

factory

following

tab
permanent

memory

default

implicit

commands:

Set

horizontal

Set

horizontal

3.
4,

pitch select mode
Set print density
Select graphic rendition

Set

You may set or

pitch

area

clear each tab stop independently or

in groups. You

may set stops or clear them regardless of margins or horizontal
pitch. However, setting a stop already set has no effect; the same
is true for clearing a stop already cleared. The default settings
for horizontal tabs are one in every eight columns.

The

following

sequences

are

used

to set

clear

horizontal

tab

stops.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Horizontal

HTS

Set

210

stop

tabulation

Function

set

Horizontal

DECHTS

ESC

Set

@33

@61

stop

set

TBC

clear

Tabulation

TBC

clear

Tabulation

TBC

clear

all

DECCAHT

horizontal
tabs
The

***

parameters
escape

tab

active

horizontal
at

tab

active

column

Tabulation

NOTE:

column

tabulation

Clear

horizontal

CSI

233

060

147

tab

Clear

147

tab

CSI

233

062

CSI

233

@63

147

ESC

@33

062

character

within

Clear

the

used

indicate

all

horizontal

all

horizontal

all

horizontal

stops

variable

octal

representation

CSI

;

eoe

233

***

@73

...

***

165

column

stops

Clear

tab

active

stops

Clear
tab

horizontal

the

numeric

control

sequence.

Set

DECSHTS

horizontal
tabs

Vertical
vertical

Set

horizontal

tab stops at
given values

the

Forms Handling -- describes the interrelationships among
pitch, form length, vertical margins and vertical tabs.

*Vertical

Pitch -- Vertical pitch determines the spacing between
lines, not the height of the printed characters (see Figure 3-4).
The Letterprinter 100 has six vertical pitch selections.
If you

change
®

the

vertical

the

pitch you

active

line.

change:

Changing

the

vertical

pitch

causes

the

active
line
to move
down
on
the
next
vertical motion
command so that the distance between the top margin and
the active line is an integer multiple of the pitch you
selected.

the

action

the

form

the action

set

top and bottom margin commands.

the position of the last printed line on the form. The
last printed line will always be above the bottom margin.

the position

the

top

the

form

the
the

top margin. The
same position.

first

the

bottom

The

Note

that

DIGITAL's

vertical

change

below

the

you

the

length

you

tabs.
do

not

affect:

reference.

length.

the

form

pitch

command.

margin.

line

last

will

line

always

will

never

printed

bottom margin.

vertical

pitch

terminals.

feature

different

from

that

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Figure

3-4

Vertical

Pitch

Examples

The

vertical

pitch

default

following sequences are used

selection

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set
vertical

DECVERP

CSI
233

pitch

*Form
modes:

six

lines

Y]
060

inch.

The

Function

A
172

Set vertical pitch to
six lines per inch

CS1I

233

@61

172

six

Set vertical pitch to

CSI
233

2
062

Z
172

Set vertical pitch to
eight lines per inch

CSI
233

@63

172

lines per

Set vertical
twelve lines

inch

pitch to
per inch

CS1I

Set

vertical pitch

233

064

172

two

lines

Set

vertical

per

inch

CSI

233

@65

172

three

CS1
233

6
@66

Z
172

Set vertical pitch to
four lines per inch

lines

pitch
per

inch

Length -- The Letterprinter 100 can operate in one of two
form mode or no form mode
(roll paper).
In the no form

mode,
there
are
no
vertical
margins
or
form
occurs
continuously,
the
line
spacing
being
current pitch.
When

per

to set vertical pitch.

form

mode,

the

terminal

will

not

1length;
printing
dictated
by
the

above

the

margin or below the bottom margin, and the lines will be spaced
that the distance between the active line and the top margin
always a multiple of the current pitch. (see Figure 3-5).

top
so
is

When
a
form
length
of
2zero
is
defined
for
the
terminal,
the
Letterprinter 100 assumes that roll paper is being used and enters
the no form mode. When a non-zero form 1length is defined,
the
terminal
assumes
that form paper
is being used,
and enters the
form mode.

*Note

that

DIGITAL's

the

form

length

terminals.

feature

different

from

that

1/3 in.
TOP MARGIN

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1/2 in.

emn

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1/2 in.

1234567890abcdefghij

3 Ipi TO 2 Ipi
D

0000000 O0CO0O0O00O0 -}

000

TOP OF FORM

FORM

NOTE:

ALWAYS START PRINTING AT TOP MARGIN OR AT SOME DISTANCE FROM TOP MARGIN THAT IS A MULTIPLE OF THE
CURRENT VERTICAL PITCH. NEVER PRINT BELOW BOTTOM MARGIN.

NO FORM

1234567890abcdefghij

1/3 in.

1234567890abcdefghij

1/2 in.

1234567890abcdefghij

1/2 in.

1234567890abcdefghij

1234567890abcdefgh

3 Ipi TO 2 Ipi
Eron.

1234567890abcdefghij

Lot
i B

3 Ipi

| J

2 Ipi
1234567890abcdefghij

1234567890abcdefghij

1/2 in,
1234567890abcdefghij

NOTE:
ALWAYS PRINT LINES EVENLY ACCORDING TO VERTICAL PITCH,

Figure

3-5

Form/No

Form

Mode

MA-8388

The

form

length

measured

horizontal

wide. The form length can be no longer than
length, first make sure that the terminal

lines

1/24

inch

21 inches. To set form
is at the top of the

form.

NOTE:
Remember that the form feed puts the active
margin, not the top of the form. To advance to the
the top margin must be cleared.

Measure the
the current

form length in
vertical pitch

inches.
of the

form length is a multiple of
unknown or
the form 1length
pitch,

set

new vertical

line at the top
top of the form

Make sure that you know what
terminal is and that the new

that pitch. If the
is not a multiple

current
of the

pitch.

NOTE:
Most form lengths are a multiple of 1/12, and
form lengths are either a multiple of 1/12 or 1/8.
In
to

pitch is
vertical

all

allowed

any case, send the form length command with the parameter
the form length multiplied by the current vertical pitch.

The

default

sequence

form

sets

1length

form

selection

inches.

The

following

length.

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set lines

DECSLPP

CSI

per
physical
page

233

***

Function

Set form length to n

164

X pitch in inches.
Set top margin to 0
inches, active line
to line one. Set top
of

form

current

position, and
bottom margin
length.

NOTE:
The
parameters
escape

equal

*** character is
within the octal

set
to form

used to indicate variable numeric
representation of the control or

sequence,

Vertical Margins -- The top vertical margin specifies the first
printable line; the bottom vertical margin specifies the limit for
the last printable line (see Figures 3-5 and 3-6). Printing
is
allowed only on the lines between the top and bottom margins
(including the top margin). The bottom margin may not be included
depending

the

When you
distance

set the
between

vertical

top
the

pitch.

and bottom margins, first be sure that the
top of form and the desired margin 1is a

multiple of
the vertical pitch you have selected.
Otherwise,
change the pitch and then send the set margin command with a
parameter equal to the desired margin in inches multiplied by the
current

vertical

pitch

lines

per

inch.

VERTICAL

TABS
BOTTOM MARGIN

(LAST PRINTABLE

LINE)
FORM
PERFORATION

FORM

LENGTH

MA-72563

Figure

3-6

Vertical

Margins

and

Tabs

If you attempt to print above the top margin or below the bottom
margin,
the active
1line will
advance automatically to the top
margin
of the next page. For example, a line feed (LF) received at
the bottom margin causes the terminal to perform a form feed.
The

set

vertical

margins

sequence,

accompanied

two

parameters,

sets the top and bottom margins.
If both parameters are not zero
and the first is the smaller of the two, the top margin is set to
the first parameter and the bottom is set to the second. Then the

paper may be repositioned to the new top margin
current line position and terminal activity.

The

sequence

equal

the

ignored

second

the

of the specified parameters
assigned form length.

you

omit

the

first

parameter.

first

The

would

parameter

sequence

set

the

depending

greater

than

one

past

the

also

bottom

ignored

margin

sequence,

the

parameter sets the bottom margin to the specified
attempt
to
set
the
bottom
margin
above
the
top
sequence is ignored.
If
you
omit
the
second
parameter
sets
the
top
attempt
to
sequence is

you

omit

both

following

line

set

parameters

set

them

Name

Set

top,

sequences

set

the

Mnemonic

Sequence

DECSTBM

CSI
233

bottom

Pn
*%%x

top

the

new

and

NOTE:

The

escape

***

character

within

sequence.

the

octal

top

zero,

margin,
than the

margin

the

and

margins

is top of
inches.

form.

the
new

the

are

The

bottom margins.
Function

;
(73

Pn
k*k*

4
]162

margins

parameters

you
the

in
the
sequence,
the
first
the
specified
1line.
If
you

unchanged.
The default top margin selection
default selection for the bottom margin is 11
The

remaining

line.
If
margin,

set
the
top
margin
below
the
bottom
ignored. If you make the active line less

top margin, the active
paper is repositioned.
If

parameter
margin
to

the

used

Set top margin to
line Pn and bottom
margin to line Pn.

indicate

representation

variable

the

numeric

control

Vertical Tabs -- A vertical tab is a preselected line to which the
printhead
advances
when
a
vertical
tab
control
character
is
received
(see Figure
3-6).
The
terminal
has
168
vertical
tab
positions.
You may set and clear vertical tabs the way you do
horizontal tabs. Vertical tab stops are associated with specific
line

numbers,

not
physical
positions
on
the
paper.
Therefore,
vertical pitch changes the printing position of vertical

changing
tabs

the

every

paper.

line.

The

default

following

settings

for

vertical

sequences

set

clear

inches at 12 lines per inch =
can have vertical tab stops.

252

lines.

tabs

are

vertical

one

tab

stops.

NOTE:
21
168 lines

Only

Name

Mnemonic

Sequence

Function

Vertical
tab set

VTS

VTS
212

stop

Vertical

DECVTS

tab

set

NOTE:

The

parameters
escape

***

ESC

@33

@63

character

within

Set

the

used

octal

indicate

representation

vertical tab
at active line.

variable

the

numeric

control

sequence.

Mnemonic

Sequence

Set

DECVTS

CSI

;

233

***x

(73

vertical

Function

stops

Tabulation

Tabulation
clear

ees

Set

vertical

***

166

tab

stops

lines

TBC

clear

TBC

all
vertical
tabs

DECCAVT

given.

CS1I

233

@61

147

vertical
tab stop at
active line.

CSI
233

4
064

g
147

Clear all
vertical tab

Clear

stops.

Clear

first

Same.

Name

tab

the

ESC

@333

4
@64

Same.

Character Style -- describes the interrelationships among quality
select mode, select graphic rendition, character set designation
previous DIGITAL terminals, the repertory
Letterprinter 100 is not 1limited. Every

and invocation. Unlike
of characters for the

Letterpinter 100 can be configured in infinite number of ways to
There are 3 main variables
match the customer's application.
governing what character is available for use at any given time:
°

Which

character

ROM

options

are

installed

1in

the

terminal.

What

mode

What

selection

operation

printer/ Letterprinter).

horizontal

Character

the

parameters

pitch,

are

printer

specified

set

(character

(line
set,

typestyle)

Set Selection Rules

Line printer mode (draft mode selected, all pitch mode enabled) -When the Letterprinter 100 is used as a lineprinter, a character
is available for use provided the selected character set exists in
the selected typestyle in any of the possible (5) character ROMs
at

printing

time.

NOTE: This differs from version 1 of the Letterprinter 100
microcode. Version 1 microcode only searches a maximum of two
character ROMs. This allows you to have only one copy of the
special character set like APL, Symbols, VT1@@ Line Drawing which

do not have a typestyle, and still be able to access them without
changing

the

For every
typestyle
ROMs for
print the
character
typestyle

selected DPS.

character received, the Letterprinter 100 will take the
of the currently selected DPS and search the character
the proper character set. The Letterprinter 100 will
character in the selected character set if the selected
set exists in one of the character ROMs, and the
is compatible,

i.e.:

identical,

the selected DPS has no typestyle,
or the character set has no typestyle

If no such character set exists,
currently

selected

DPS

1is

the default character set for the

used.

Letterprinter mode (draft mode and font pitch mode selected, or
letter mode selected) -- When the Letterprinter 1008 is used as a
letterprinter, a character is available for use provided the

selected character set exists in the selected typestyle and pitch
in any of the possible (5) character ROMs at printing time.

For

every

character

received,

the

Letterprinter

100

will

take

the

typestyle
ROMs
for
print the

of the currently selected DPS and search the character
the
proper
character
set.
The
Letterprinter
100 will
character in the selected character set if the selected

character

set

pitch,

the

and

exists

in
typestyle

one of the character
is compatible, i.e.:

ROMs

the

proper

identical,
the

®
If

or
such

currently

selected

the

DPS

has

character

character
selected

set

DPS

typestyle,

set has
exists,

no
the

typestyle
default

character

set

for

the

used.

Quality
Select
Mode
-determines
if
received
characters
are
printed
in
letter
mode
(medium
or
high
density,
depending
on
character ROM)
or draft mode (see Figure 3-7 for examples) .
The

standard

draft

mode

character).

draft

mode

Dot

pattern

character)

Some

Sets

(DPSs)

are

letter

mode/high

(33

the
optional
DPSs
are
designed
to print
in
character)
or letter mode/medium density (33 X 9

character).

Selecting

letter

mode

depending

DPS

Both

density

characters,
NOTE:

designed

medium

and

the
high

selects either
selected.

density DPSs

can

resident

your

when

the

terminal.
Your

terminal

will

only

respond

these

sequences

AUTO/MAN key is in the automatic (up) position. When the AUTO/MAN
key
1is
in
the
down
position
and
the
LTR/DRAFT
key
1is
used
to
select

the

terminal
when the
Use

the

Name

quality,

any

quality

select

sequence

sent

your

will be processed and stored. The sequences are performed
AUTO/MAN key is set to the automatic (up) position.
following

sequences

Mnemonic

change

the

Sequence

quality

select

feature.

Function

Quality

CS1I

]

Set

Select

233

060

@42

172

Quality

CS1I

Set

Select

233

@61

@42

172

Quality

CS1I

Set

Select

233

062

@42

172

quality
default

select
(draft

quality
draft

select

mode

mode.

quality
letter

density

mode
mode).

depending

select

mode

high
on

mode

(medium

density,

DPS).

PUp &

(IA+, -, A0L334%46789: ;=>7RARCIEFGHIIKLMNOPARSTUVWXYZINITM
Sabed

"HGLET (DAY,
FHEAE

FRE

Ikt~

. /0134567890 5= TRABCOEFGH IIKLMNGPARSTUVUXYZLNITM

“abede

AY - /01334067890
) =rTRABCHEFGHIJKLHNOPARSTUVWXYZUNDI
" Yabedef
/Q0LA345478% 1

TEARCDEFGH IIJKLMNOPRERSTUVUXYZLN]"
Yabedefq

DRAFT MODE

PR#GRE
"H#GRE

() %+,~-. /0123456789 ;{=>?EABCDEFGHIJKLMNCFQRETUVHEXYZL\1*_
‘abcd
()*+, -, /015234536782

;<{=:PBABCDEFCHIJKLMNOFQRSTUVRIYZL\1"_‘abcde

#GR&' ()*+,-, /0122456789

; <{=)PBABCDEFCHITKLMNOFCRSTUVRAEYZL\1"_‘abcdef

SRE&' ()*+,-, /0123456789

;= PEABCLEFCGHIJKLMNQFORESTUVREYEL
V1" _*abedefg

LETTER MODE (MEDIUM DENSITY)

T"#S%&' () *+,-./0123456789:; {=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZLC\1”_ ‘abc

"#8%&' () *+,-./0123456789: ;<= > ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZL\1~_‘abcd
#Ho%&' ()*+,-./0123456789:;<(=> ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZLC\1*__‘abcde
SX&' ()*+,-./0123456789:;<(=>"? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZL\1”~__‘abcdef

LETTER MODE (HIGH DENSITY])

Figure

3-7

Character

Density

3-28

MA-8300

Examples

Select Graphic Rendition -- Select Graphic Rendition is used to
define
the attributes with which
characters
are printed.
Your
Letterprinter
terminal recognizes only two attributes:
style or
font, and auto underline.
|
Font

Selection:

different

shape

the

provides

Your

fonts

Letterprinter
styles.

character

users

with

not

the

100

Changing

the

character

can

font

itself.

following

fonts:

available

characters

simply

changes

DIGITAL

in
the

currently

Courier

Gothic
Orator

Additional

fonts

Letterprinter

will

100

made

terminal

given

time.

terminal

will

only

the

can make

multiple

respond

font

these

the

five

fonts

option
sequences

future.

Your

accessible

at
your

installed,

when

the

option

set to computer select. If you force a font
option,
any font select sequences sent to

from the multiple font
your terminal will be

processed

be
to

option

Operator
detail.
NOTE:

stored.

set

Guide

These
computer

and

sequences will
select.
Refer

multiple

font

the

selected

DPS

(DPS

until

the

selected

Underline:

When

default

Auto

and

1is

received
disabled,

Auto

not

option

installed,

DPS

Underline

Sequence

Mnemonic

Octal

Select Graphic

SGR

CSI

Select

SGR

CSI

233

Rendition

Graphic

Rendition
Graphic

SGR

Rendition
Select

Graphic

SGR

Rendition
Select

Graphic

SGR

Rendition
Select

Graphic

SGR

Rendition

Select

Graphic

Rendition

are
underlined
when
printed.
characters are printed without

Name

Select

SGR

233

when
Letterprinter

information

for

your

uses

terminal

the

100
more

the

installed.

enabled,

all

characters

When
Auto
Underline
underlining.

1is

Code

executed

Function

disable underline

enable

@64

155

@6@

155

CSI

Use

233

@61

@6@

155

DPS

underline

style

1lst

2nd

CSI

Use

style

233

@61

155

DPS

(if

installed)

CSI

Use

style

233

@61

@62

155

DPS

(if

3rd

installed)

CSI

Use

style

233

@61

@63

155

DPS

(if

4th

installed)

CSI

Use

style

233

@61

@64

155

DPS

(if

5th

installed)

Designating

Character

Sets

selecting

one

the

character

sets
from an
infinite
repertory to be
one
of
four
preselected
character sets G@-G3. As the Letterprinter 100 does not know which
character sets will be installed at the time of printing, it will
accept any valid designation sequence and memorize it. Only at the
time
of
printing will
the
terminal
ensure
that
the
set
is
avalilable.
If
the
set
is
not
available,
the
terminal
uses
the
default
You

character

use

the

sequences
as

G@#,

between
of

designate

G2,

primary

sequences

These

the

sequences

ESC

Figure

Character

available
3-8).

character

the

sets,

the

form

(SCS)

any

escape

four

repertory

there

eight

are

sets

divided

sets

of:

Intermediate

Final
Character

Introducer

(1)

more)

defines the target character set as G@-G3, and whether the
to be taken from the primary or the alternate section of

repertory

Select

from

for

Primary
Gl

@50

@51

P52

953

G0@

Alternate

@54

set
the

follows:.

G0O

from

for

Set

repertory

Characters

DPS.

choose.

take
.

selected

Sequence

Il
is

the

alternate

which

currently

Select

from

(See

and

from

escape

Escape

for

appropriate

Gl,

set

@55

the

range

050

the

range

set. If Il is in
alternative set.

@55

@53,

054

the

@57

designated

@57,

the

set

designated

a primary
set

@50

@54,

the

designated

set

goes

into

@51

@55,

the

designated

set

goes

into

@52

056,

the

designated

set

goes

into

@53

@57,

the

designated

set

goes

into

G3.

designates

the

Thus,

ESC
("A"
set)

A
1in

this

instance

primary
is

the
|

set

"A"

United

Kingdom

set.

character

and,

ESC / A designates the alternate set "A" as the G3 set.
("A,"
in this
instance,
1is a special set yet to be
,

defined.)

The
number
of
intermediates
that
can
be
used
1is
1limitless.
However,
your
Letterprinter
100
Terminal
will
only
support
character sets (whether primary or alternative) having designation
sequences less than five characters long
(including the ESC and
final characters). It will ignore all other sequences.
NOTE: This is an extension of the
microcode. version
1 microcode only
set designation sequences and did
alternate section of the repertory.

Letterprinter 100
allowed for three

not

allow

version 1
character

selection
from the

Table 3-2 lists the standard character sets and their valid final
characters.
The available character sets for the most part are
language sets with some exceptions such as the VT100 line drawing
set. There are standard DPSs for the following character sets:
-

I1SO

USASCII

United

kingdom

DIGITAL Finnish
DIGITAL Norwegian/Danish
DIGITAL Swedish

ISO

——

DIGITAL French Canadian

Italian
Spanish
DIGITAL VT100

——

ISO
ISO
ISO

German

French

DIGITAL

line drawing set
Supplemental Set (Multinational)

Table

3-2

Character

ISO

Character

Set

Final

Characters

Set

United

Final

Kingdom

Character

A
1901
B

USASCII

192

DIGITAL

Finnish

5
|

DIGITAL

Norwegian/Danish

@g65

6
#66

DIGITAL

ISO

Swedish

7
g67

German

113

DIGITAL

French

Canadian

9
g71

ISO

French

DIGITAL

VT1l00

R
122

line

drawing

set

Y]
g6@

ISO

Italian

Y
131

IS0

Spanish

Z
132

DIGITAL

Multinational

<
74

For

additional

documentation.
characters
for

character
The
the

sets,

refer

the

Letterprinter
100
accepts
Finnish,
Norwegian/Danish,

character
the
and

ROM

option

IS0
(LAl12@)
final
Swedish
character

sets. However the sequence selects the DIGITAL character
handling method may be different in future terminals.

set.

This

error

Invoking

Character

Sets

preselected

character

one

ways:

three

1is

(G@-G3).

you

of
are

locked

into

Called

single

one
sets

into GL using LS
(locking shift)
until the next LS command)

using

LSR

active

until

the

for

(locking

single

(single shift) functions
character only)
Once

activate
Character

locked
active

(remain

sets

have

control

designated

function

map

character

(or

four

right)

(remain

functions

command)

printable

(remain

functions

shift

LSR

the

invoked

character

active

set

invoke)

for

one

using

printable

G@-G3,

you

use

the

into

GL/GR

sets

where they become active character sets.
There are nine control
functions used to invoke designated character sets (Table 3-3).
Error

Handling

describes how the Letterprinter
way errors are handled may vary in

conditions.

The

shift

single

character

will

code.

execute

the

function
the

should

terminal

control

code

followed

receives

and

still

apply

the

100 reacts to error
future terminals.

control

single

shift

printable
code,

it
function

to
the
next
printable
character.
If
the
terminal
receives
a
GR
printable character code,
it will truncate the 8th bit, and apply the
single shift function to the truncated value. If the terminal receives

the space character,
it will process the space and apply the single
shift
function
to
the
next
printable
character.
If
the
terminal
recelves the character code represented by octal 240,
it will display
the error character, and ignore the single shift function.
Locking
shift
right
functions
have
no
meaning
in
7-bit
mode.
Letterprinter 100 will accept and memorize them anyway. They will

action when

8-bit mode

enabled.

The
take

Table

3-3

Shift

Functions

Escape

Name
Locking

Shift

Sequence

Mnemonic

and

Octal

Code

Function

LSO

Same

SHIFT

Invokes

into

SHIFT

OUT

Invokes

into

Invokes

into

Invokes

into

Invokes

into

Invokes

into

Invokes
G3

into

@17

Locking

Shift

LS1

Same

Locking

Shift

LS2

ESC

@33

156

Locking

Shift

Locking

Shift

LS3

LSI1R

Right

Locking

Shift

LS2R

Right

Locking

Shift

LS3R

Right

Single

NOTE:
into

Shift

There
GR.

SS2

SS3

no LOCKING

ESC

@33

157

ESC

@33

176

ESC

}

@33

175

ESC

@33

174

SS2

Invokes

216

printable

SS3
217

Invokes G3 for a single
printable character

SHIFT

RIGHT;

there

way

for

single

character

invoke

G#@

Reports -- describes the method of requesting and reporting
configuration and terminal identification information.

font

Request

font

Font

Configuration

configuration
to

your

report

Letterprinter

Name

Request

the

100

causes

request

Sequence

Font

Configuration

the

computer.

terminal

Send
the

the

font

send

following

the

sequence

configuration.

Function

CSI

233

@77

@61

@60

143

Causes

send

Letterprinter

font

100

configuration

report.

Refer

font

configuration
more

report

for

detail.

Report Font Configuration -- your
terminal
responds
to the font
configuration request with the following sequence. One sequence is
sent for each installed DPS.
Report

Font

CSI

233

***

NOTE:

Configuration

(@73

Sequence

P1l

;

**x*x

@73

Kkkk

(73

k*kk

(73

kkk

g4Q

reports

Letterprinter

100

version

microcode

only

Pl.

represents

the

select

each

DPS

the

location

DPS

LOCATION

NOTE:

DPS

therefore,

1--64

location

rendition

This

code

the

always

end

the

the
ROM
identification
categories as shown below:

(Indicates

draft

(Indicates

draft

and
and

letter
memo

used

for

available

for

draft

and

letter

draft

and

memo

specific

and

There

standard

(Indicates

concernig

code.

standard

(Indicates

detail

present

192--200
more

code

report.

129--192

information.

code

One

CODE

indicates

65--128

code.

sequence.

and

follows.

selection

Pl
represents
possible ROM ID

For

DPS

graphic

custom

number,

sent

last;

are

four

DPS)
DPS)
DPS)

DPS)

refer

ROM

option

standard

DPS

with

odd

number

contains

United
Kingdom character
sets.
A
standard DPS
number, contains the following character sets:
ISO

United

USASCII

and

1ISO

with

even

1ID

attribute

can

Kingdom

USASCII

DIGITAL
DIGITAL
DIGITAL
ISO

Finnish
Norwegian/Danish
Swedish

German

DIGITAL

French

ISO

French

ISO

Italian

Canadian

ISO Spanish
DIGITAL Multinational
P2

represents

the

one

following

of
@

the

typestyle

attribute.

The

typestyle

numbers:

typestyle

1 Gothic
5 Courier
9

Orator

More numbers will be added
for the Letterprinter 100.

for more

detail.

P3 represents the pitch
following numbers:
8

Y
P4

as new typestyles are made available
Refer to the ROM option documentation

CPI/5

CPI

CP1/6

CPI

represents

attribute

1is

the

one

LETTER

MEMO

the

(33

attribute.

quality

following

matrix)

The

pitch

attribute.

numbers:

attribute

The

one

quality

Request

Product
Identification
-The
Letterprinter
100
automatically transmits an answer to the ANSI standard request for
device attributes. The following sequences cause the terminal to
transmit its product identification sequence.
Name

Device

Mnemonic

Sequence

CSI

233

143

attributes
Device

attributes
*Identify

DECID

terminal
Report

Product

~automatically
to

the

Name

Requests

the

CSI

233

Q66

143

ESC

@33

132

product

one

CSI

233

@77

of
identification

Same.

the

The

Letterprinter

following

identification

sequences

100

response

sequence.

Sequence

Terminal

transmission

product

Same.

1Identification

transmits

request

Function

@61

060

143

Base

LAl10@O

(level

microcode

7-bit

only)

Terminal

CSI

233

@77

;

061

@60

@73

@62

143

NOTE:

Depending

the

enviroment,

using

either

data

bit

can

handle

7
8

or
bit

these

reports.

*This

sequence

products.

therefore

not

is
may

data

disble

provided
not

be
recommended.

these

encoding.

for

Make

bit

Enhanced
(level

sure

transmit

LA100
microcode

- 8-bit)
reports will

that

future

your

before

compatibility

supported

with

sent

system

requesting

products

and

1is

CHAPTER
ANSI

STRING

PROCESSING

GENERAL

This

chapter

describes

the

ANSI

control

strings.

This

and

graphics

ANSI

CONTROL

When

the

listed

4-1,

starts processing
Letterprinter 100 has

Graphics

mode

and

chapter.

When

1in

and

176

usual

and

receives
any of the escape sequences
leaves the standard text processing mode,

characters

according

three

sets

answerback
default
to

241

control

any

376).

when

one

characters

Your

the

String

terminator

(ST

One of

the

CANCEL

(octal

following

(octal

Any

control

Any

character

characters

@33)
code

(octal

received

200

with

entry

Answerback

the

protocol
terminal

detail

Message

(octal

@00

received
revert

1is

this

terminal
--

@37

(octal

@41

the

text

occur.

received

(normal

received:

selector

the

conditions

ESC

100

mode)

later

mode,

will

following

Letterprinter

For

defined

received

terminal

valid

are

characters

recognizes

The

@30)

(octal

ESCAPE

The

to different rules.
to process strings;

processing

printable

SUBSTITUTE

NOTE:

rules

entry mode

string

termination)

encoding

processing

discards

processing mode

processing

entry mode

string

Graphics

177)

message

mode

Answerback

responds

method

100

and

100

answerback

STRINGS

Table

Default

includes

procssing.

Letterprinter

DCS

entry

sections

237)

transmission

remains

receives

mode,

DCS

(graphics
the

mode

terminator

refer

manual.

this

error

the

until

answerback

sequence

ESC

Graphics Mode and

Table

4-1

ANSI

Name

String

Introducers/Terminator

8-bit

7-bit

Character

Sequence

;

String

terminator

ESC

234

@33

134

Application

APC

ESC

Program

237

137

Operating

OSC

ESC

]

System

235

@33

135

Command

Privacy

ESC

Message

236

@33

136

Device

DCS
220

ESC
@33

P
120

Control
String

4-2

MODE

GRAPHICS

While
1n
the
text
mode,
characters
are
printed
as
they
are
received.
In
the
graphics
mode,
characters
received
define
specific columns of dots to be printed. The graphics mode permits
users to print dot combinations anywhere on a page. This mode can
be

used

After

draw pictures

entering

pitch,

and

DIGITAL

Your
72

graphics

horizontal

"Graphics

paper

the

Mode

does

when

not

per

and

recommend

Letterprinter

plot

graphs

mode,

the

margins

Pitch"

operating

columns

and

100

inch

the

(Figure

4-1).

vertical

pitch,

horizontal

change.

These

changes

are

"Graphics

Mode

Margins"

sections.

sheet

tractor

feed

from

using

single

graphics

mode.

described

now

has

variable

horizontal

resolution

330

columns

per

and

inch

vertical

resolution
of
72
dots
per
inch
(see
Figure
4-2).
This
feature
greater
resolution,
or
allows you to vary print density,
but it mainly allows the Letterprinter 100 to be compatible with
various host software.
allows

Dots

are

the

basic

Letterprinter
Dot

100,

printable

dots

are

unit

while

circles

Spacing is the distance between
The vertical
dot
spacing
is

dots.

spacing

13.5
the

graphics

mil

centers

13.5

mil.

mode.

For

the

diameter.
of

two

The

horizontal

variable.

the
horizontal
dot
spacing
can
be
smaller
diameter,
two consecutive dots may overlap.
There

consecutive
dot

than
the
dot
is no overlap

between two consecutive dots in the vertical direction, but there
will be a 6 mil
(forty percent of dot diameter)
overlap between
two consecutive lines.
Dot aspect ratio is the ratio between
vertical
dot
spacing.
It
defines how

each
Due

direction
to

the

100

dots

graphic

line.

Table

get

variable

Letterprinter
number

perfect

square.

horizontal

dot

prints

dots

line

varies.

per

horizontal dot spacing and
many dots must be sent
in

spacing,

horizontal
So

the

and

the

groups

exact

fact

that

the

thirty,

the

maximum

length

4-2

lists

the

horizontal

dots

per

possible values
inch, horizontal

for horizontal dot
spacing,
overlap,
aspect ratio, dots

inches

per

line,

select

per

line,

and

how

them.

——

e»'/m:\“\-_g

‘h»:-.“'\_l- “l‘"
+y“ut‘
/”‘l“\'v‘t’#
""

S 3

Y
s
e
ol
va by,
] .ro
-BVe
.
ars

&
N

‘—-~-:'-Mi’meu':.e.»‘”'.‘

EXPENDITURES

PR
IC AMD PRITATE SOHAES

ENROLLMENT

BILLIONS OF DOLLARS

MILLIONS

100

100
(Il Enrollment, total

25 |-

[ Public Enrollment :]— Right Scale
@8 Private Enrollment

- 75

—— Total Expenditures

---- Public Expenditures ]—— Left Scale

~~~~~~~~ Private Expenditures

-7

-1 59

- 25

]
1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

|
1972

{
1974

'}
MA-8389

Figure

4-1

Graphics Capabilities

PRINT HEAD
WIRE
TOP

BOTTOM

o
o
o
O
(o]

2
3
4
5
6

BIT 4
BIT 5
BIT6

o
o
o)

7
8
9

NOT USED
NOT USED
NOT USED

BIT 1

BIT 2
BIT3

MA-8404

Figure

4-2

Graphics

Printhead

Use

Table 4-2

Dot
Spacing
(in mils)

Dot Spacing as a Function of Pitch

Dots/
Inch

|
Overlap

Aspect
Ratio

Dots/
Line

Inches/
Line

Pl
Selection
Parameter

4350

13.18

3.0

330

77%

4.58

6.0
7.5
9.0

165
132
110

55%
50%
32%

2.29
1.83
1.50

4,5

13.5
12.0
13.5
*Default

220

94
83

values

66%

20%
9%

3.04

1.30
1.12
1.02

2880

2160
1760
1440

1250
1080
960

13.09

13.09
13.18
13.09

4
5
6

13.05
13.09
13.09

7
8
9

(4,

1)*

Graphics

String Format

The

format

DCS

introducer

Graphics

for

string

graphics

Protocol

DCS

selector

Data

data

ESC

follows:

Control

characters

definitions

DCS

terminator

DCS

Introducer

When

your

mode

and

terminal

When

the

Your

the

control

the

protocol
as

terminal

that
is
out
recognized.,

Graphics
After

will

not

selector
character

"q"

the

before

DCS

your

the

enters

selector.

the

DCS

The

DCS

sequence

terminal

ESC

begins

section.

mode

the

terminal

correct

receives

protocol

character

selector

1is

Selector

the

DCS

introducer,

terminal

enter

the

graphics

protocol

mode.

of
a
numeric
parameter
and
(octal
161).
The Letterprinter
100

values

for

the

numeric

parameter

selects

default

graphics

protocol

Letterprinter

escape

correct

selector:

the

data

consists

following
protocol

received

your

DCS

range

introducer,
protocol

the

remain

Protocol

cause

received,

receiving

DCS

code

selector

described

correct

120).

data

selector

the

for

@33

process

receives

waits

introducer
(octal

ESC

column

selects

protocol

DECwriter
as

the
final
recognizes
the

the

(same

Selectors

contained

within

100

graphics

for

the

version

through

1IV/Letterprinter

protocol

and

100).

(same

selector

The

255

are

given

reserved

Table

for

4-2.

future

development.

DATA

The

data

characters

printable

graphics

data.

The

string

control

can

either

characters

terminal responds while in the graphics mode,
and
the printable characters received are described
in

sections.
NOTE:

Although

stream,

the

codes

are

not

allowed

Letterprinter

100

processes

graphic mode the same as
stripped. This type of
terminals.

within
GR

the
the

control

which

your

format of
following

the

graphics

data

codes

while

the

it does GL codes; that is the 8th bit is
error handling may be different in future

Control

Characters

control

characters:

In the graphics mode, your terminal will respond to the following
®

ANSI

Control

€)

Private Control Characters

Printable Data

the

correct

Table

4-4.

selector

protocol

the 040 -- @76 octal
are
graphics mode,

in
1in

The private control characters
processed
are
which
range,

described

After

Characters

octal
in the 000 to @37
The ANSI control characters
range and
in the
200 to 237 octal range, which are
processed in graphics mode, are described in Table 4-3.

received,

your

terminal

will consider any character received in the 077 -- 176 octal range
as printable. With the 8th bit set, any character in the 277 -376

range

will

also

considered

printable.

These

characters

define a column of six dots to be printed, which allows selective
firing

eighth

and

the

top

ninth

six printhead wires

printhead

are

wires

(Figure 4-3).

not

used

1in

The

the

seventh,

graphics

mode.

Printable characters are processed by bit masking. The offset
(octal @77) is subtracted from the binary value of the character

received with the result that a printhead wire is fired and a dot

printed when the resultant bit

set to one.

The least significant bit is associated with the top printhead
wire (wire one). The sixth bit is associated with the sixth
printhead wire, and is the last wire that can be fired in the
graphics

mode.

Refer to Table 4-5 for examples of printable characters.
Repeat

Sequence

A repeat sequence allows your Letterprinter 100 terminal to print
a dot column consecutively for a specified number of times. This
repeat sequence
Repeat

is defined as

introducer

Numeric parameter
Dot column

(octal

follows.
041)

Number of times to print the dot column
(characters in the octal range of 060 -- 071)
Character in the 877 -- 176 octal range

The repeat sequence introducer is the private control character
(octal

@41).

The numeric parameter specifies the number of times to print the
column definition that follows. The numeric parameter is a string
of characters in the 960 -- @71 octal range. If you do not specify
a numeric parameter, a value of zero is assumed for the numeric

parameter. If the value you specified is larger than the graphic
printer limit for numeric parameters (64K), the limit 1is assumed.

All decimal digits are processed as part of the count.
4-8

Table

4-3

Graphics

ANSI

Control

Characters

Octal
Name

Mnemonic

Code

Cancel

CAN

@30

Function

Immediately causes

from

Substitute

SUB

@32

the

graphics

Replaces

any

received

with

an exit
mode.

character

errors. When
received in the graphics
mode, SUB is processed as a
one

Escape

ESC

@33

column

Causes

from

the

process

All

Cl1

(see

Control

Table

Codes
NOTE:

text
BS,

NUL, EOT,
mode (refer

LF,

CR,

FF,

2-2)

200

Cause

through

from

237

process

ENQ, BEL, DEL,
to Table 2-1).

HT,

and

are

SI,

and

ignored

space.

the

the
the

terminal

graphics

exit

and

sequence.

terminal
graphics

the

mode

are

graphics

exit

mode

and

codes.

processed

mode.

1in

Table

4-4

Name

Graphics

Private Control

Characters

Octal

ASCII

Mnemonic

Code

Character

Function

DECGRI

g41

Begin

Repeat

repeat

sequence.,

Introducer

Graphics
Carriage

DECGCR

g44

Returns to graphics
left margin.

DECGNL

@55

Returns to graphics
left margin and

Return

advances

graphics

Graphics
New Line

next
line.

=l
CAD

W&c S

qvl.

p4\

Al'hlfl

Figure

4-3

Variable

Dot

4-11

‘»

Spacing

Table

4-5

Printable Character

Examples
Binary Value

Character

Octal Value

(minus Offset)

Wires Fired

@77

30000030

o)
o)
o
o
o
o

100

go00a3001

*
o

o)
o
o
o

176

99111111

:
*
*

*
*

137

30100000

o
o
o

o
o)
*

The

dot

printed

All

column
as

many

control

character

times

the

repeat

sequence

All

unspecified

DCS

Terminator

The

DCS

usual.

characters

their

usual

972

control

encoding

function

parameter

mode
(cancel),

cause

the

your

ESC

Text

mode

features

Vertical

graphics

position

will

position

The

first

will

exit

will

modified
in

the

same

the

graphics

will

according

graphics

text

mode

vertical

motion

to
advance
to
executing the command.

the

set

the

mode.

before

command

cause

restored.

entering

mode.

terminal

1is

causes

character

terminal

while

encoding

234)].

to
text mode
(escape)
or
any Cl

pitch)

received

ignored.

control

your

(margins,

characters

graphics

mode,

are

resets

revert

terminal

and

count.

sequence

[7-bit

(octal
ESC

the

and

both

Horizontal

are

CAN

the

before

range)

character

@76)

graphics

from

your

octal

repeat

control

the

exit

during a

actions.

control

176

The

also

addition,

8-bit

After an
follows:

numeric

the

(octal

the

134)

terminal
to exit
character
processing.

control

@77
the

count.

your

mode.

example,

characters

@33

the

received

For

terminator

(octal

specified

characters

processed

ESC \

will

text

cause

mode

1line

GRAPHICS

MODE PITCH
graphics mode,

the

numeric

pitch

parameter

GRAPHICS

set
MODE

1/12

the

horizontal

the

graphics

lines

per

line

the

horizontal

Table

the

4-2.

conditions

set according to the
selector. The vertical

MARGINS

the

inch.

Maximum Line Length
The graphics mode maximum
mode.

pitch

protocol

pitch

and

graphics

must

use

mode,

the

be met

The

actual

area

length

the

before

you
be

horizontal

13.2

Text

Text mode

Active

mode

left

margin

must

column
4-13

must

setting,

set

one.

the

area,

while

the

length

given

length,

inches

right margin must

column must

line

enter

pitch

inch
(depends
on
pitch
density selection).
®

line

can

selected

maximum

must

depends

margins

the

text
1in

following

graphics

mode.

wide.
be

pitch

characters

per

mode,

the

column

one.

132.

and

Left Margin

After entering the graphics mode, the left margin is repositioned
to the right of the last printed column in the text mode (maximum
of 1 character width). The graphics mode left margin is calculated
as

follows:

X (text character width)

(Active Column - 1)

Left Margin =

Graphics Character Width

Refer to Table 4-6 for
Character Width are in transitions.
text character width. If
4-7
graphics character width and Table
number.
whole
next
the
to
there is a remainder, round
Right Margin

After entering the graphics mode,
to

the

left

the

text mode

the right margin is repositioned

right margin

(maximum of

character

width). The graphics mode right margin is calculated as follows:
Right Margin

01ld Right Margin X text

character width

Graphics Character Width

Character

graphics
Discard

Width
are
in
character width

any

remailnder.

transitions.

and

Table

Refer
to
Table
4-6
for
4-7 text character width.

If you attempt to print past the right margin, your terminal
respond according to the auto wraparound mode selection.

will

You can use superscripts or subscripts to label graphic data with
text mode comments. Reverse line feed is not recommended because
the graphics mode vertical pitch may not be the same as the text

mode vertical

pitch.

ANSWERBACK

MESSAGE

Answerback

answerback

feature

ENTRY

user

defined message of up to thirty characters
that can be used to identify your terminal for the computer. This
message is transmitted upon request (ENQ control character) or
auto
the
to
(refer
enabled
if
connection
wupon
automatically
in the Operator Guide).

Both printable characters and control characters can be part of
the answerback message. To allow downline entry of both printable
and control characters,

the message

is hexadecimally encoded.

Table

4-6
Graphics
Character
Width,
Horizontal Margin Adjustment
Graphics

Horizontal

Pitch

Graphics

Selection

Character Width

Parameter

.791

.136

120

.182

5,9,1
6
7

7.33
5.5

159
180

227
272

210

4,43
3.66

8
9

3.15

240
270

.36
.409

2.75
2.44

Transitions

and

Character Width
In

Inches

Characters
Per

Inch

Table

Selection
Parameter
1,0
2
3
4
5

6
7
8

Width,
Text
Character
Horizontal Margin Adjustment

4-7

Text

Horizontal

Pitch

and

Text

Character Width
In Transitions

Character Width
In Inches

Characters
Per Inch

66
55
50
40
132

o1
.083
375
.70
. 2
.16

10
12
13.2
16.5
5

110
100
80

.15
.12

6
6.6
8.25

Answerback

Message

The

format

for

DCS

introducer

Answerback

Format

answerback message

ESC

DCS

protocol

selector

Data

terminator

DCS

Introducer

When

the

and

waits

terminal
for

receives

the

correct

the Cl control code
(octal @33 129).
The

answerback

DCS

protocol

the

DCS

the

before

the

answerback

entry

Protocol

causes

mode.

meSsage

entry

character.

(octal

NOTE:

The

stored
store

in
is

protocol

equivalent

format.

DCS

your

terminal

and v

introducer,

the

Your

the

enter

ESC

text

the

terminal

will

not

out

recognized.

answerback

the

selector

numeric

protocol

(octal

166).

selector
erased.

memory

remains

for

memory

the

protocol

answerback
the

parameter

selector

protocol

operating

user permanent
performed.

protocol

answerback
in

selector

mode

Selector

the

consists

the

followed

DCS

introducer

if the answerback protocol selector
terminal receives a character that is

answerback

stored

Text

enters

DCS

encoding

hexadecimal

answerback

When

message

The

mode

receiving

selector

coded

introducer,

selector

Answerback

its

Message

bit

the

After

DCS

Answerback

ESC

remain in
received,
range

selector.

message

follows:

protocol

answerback

Encoded

DCS

described

and

the

message

answerback
a

final

Letterprinter

recognized,

However,

same

the

until

the

message

the

Data

After

the answerback protocol selector has been received,
control
characters (0 -- 037 and 177 octal range) are execute
d as usual.

Hexadecimal

146,

digits

octal

equivalent
message.

Any

answerback

When

the

are

message

answerback

message

from

using

operating

The

message

padding

included

NUL

the

hex

protocol
time

received.
NOTE:

the

memory

every

not

control

message.

grouped

character

stored
the

(characters

range)

060

@71,

101

to give
entered
in

the

hexadecimal

the

answerback

be
377

(octal)

encoding

erased.
pair

made

pairs

selector

is
a

the

system

entered

(see

recognized,

the

a character
hexadecimal digits

are

long

141

the

example) .

Then,

characters

can

106,

message
is

added

has

been

automatically.

needed,

they

must

Example:

The following string will downline the message "LAl0@":
DCS

introducer

DSC

selector

Protocol

terminator

Hex encoded message "LAlQgQ"TM

ESC £

not

received,

ESC \

@33 120 061 166 064 103 064 061 063 061 063 0#60 063 060 033 134
Octal

Error

Equivalent

Processing

Any character

received,

hex

digit,

discarded.

odd

processed

number

itself.

which

digits

control

the

character

1last

Once 30 answerback message characters are received,
characters

are

digit

additional

discarded.

NOTE: As mentioned in the 7/8 bit environment section, no
conversion takes place when sending the answerback message. Any
character sent on a 7-bit data path is truncated to 7-bits by
dropping the MSB. When in the 8-bit mode with Cl transmission
disabled, all Cl codes are truncated to 7 bits.