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Document:	LN03R ScriptPrinter Programmer's Supplement
Order Number:	EK-LN03R-SP
Revision:	001
Pages:	170
Original Filename:

OCR Text

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Programmer’s Supplement
Order Number: EK-LNO3R-SP-001

This manual provides information that programmers or system managers need
when writing programs that use the facilities of the LNO3R printer.

Revision/Update Information:

This is a new document.

Operating System and Version: VAX/VMS, Version 4.4 or later
MicroVMS, Version 4.4 or later

Software Version:

digital equipment corporation
maynard, massachusetts

LNO3R ScRIPTPRINTER Software V1.0

First Printing April 1987
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may
be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated

companies.

The READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document requests
the user’s critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DEC

DIBOL

UNIBUS

DEC/CMS

EduSystem

VAX

DEC/MMS

IAS

VAXcluster

DECsystem-10

PDP

DECnet

MASSBUS

DECSYSTEM-20

PDT

DECUS

RSTS

DECwriter

RSX

VMS

mnmnnau

POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, Palo
Alto, California
TRANSCRIPT is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, Palo
Alto, California
Tektronix is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon

Times is a trademark and Helvetica is a registered trademark of Allied
Corporation
LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus are registered trademarks of Apple Computer
Corporation
MS(TM)-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation

ML-S744

This document was prepared using an in-house documentation production

system. All page composition and make-up was performed by TeX, the
typesetting system developed by Donald E. Knuth at Stanford University. TeX

is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.

Contents
Xi

PREFACE

LNO3R ScrirTPrinTER PROFILE

1-1

1.1

PRINTER HARDWARE
Print Engine
1.1.1
Controller
Device
1.1.2
and Output Devices
Input
Paper
1.1.3

1-2
1-3
1-4
1-4

1.2

HARDWARE REQUIRED ON HOST SYSTEM

1-4

1.3

PRINTER SOFTWARE

1.4

ANCILLARY INTERFACES

1-5

1.5

APPLICATION PROGRAMS

1-5

PostScrirt SYSTEM PARAMETERS

2-1

2.1

ACCESSING SYSTEM PARAMETERS

2-2

2.2

PERSISTENT AND VOLATILE PARAMETERS
Changing Persistent Parameters
2.2.1

2-2
2-2

2.3

INTERACTIVE MODE

2-5

2.4

SCAN CONVERSION PARAMETER

2-6

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2

1.3.1

2.2.2

Translators

Changing Volatile Parameters

1-5

2-5

2.5

2.6

PAPER HANDLING PARAMETERS

2-8

2.5.1

Paper Orientation

2.5.2

2-9

Margins

2-9

MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS

2-10

2.6.1

Page Counter

2.6.2

Printer Name

2.6.3

2-10

Test Page Status

2.6.4

2-10

Password

2-11

2-10

- 2.6.5

Default Timeouts

2.6.6

2-11

Scratch Memory

2-11

2.6.7

Name of Current Job

2.6.8

2-12

Software Revision

2-12

2.6.9

Encoding Vectors

2-12
P

CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2

PostScrirr EXTENSIONS

3-1

PosTScRIPT EXTENSION OBJECT TYPES

3-1

USING THE EXTENSIONS

3.2.1

3-2

Extensions Restrictions

3-2

CHECKPASSWORD

3-3

DEFAULTJOBTIMEOUT

3-4

DEFAULTTIMEOUTS

3-5

DOSTARTPAGE

3-6

EESCRATCH

3-7

EEXEC

3-8

EXECUTIVE

3-9

EXITSERVER

3-10

IDLEFONTS

3-11

JOBNAME

3-13

JOBTIMEOUT

3-14

MARGINS

3-15

PAGECOUNT

3-16

PAGESTACKORDER

3-17

PAPERSIZE
PRINTERNAME
PRODUCT
REVISION
SETDEFAULTJOBTIMEOUT

3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22

SETDOSTARTPAGE
SETEESCRATCH

3-24
3-25

SETDEFAULTTIMEOUTS

SETIDLEFONTS
SETJOBTIMEOUT
SETMARGINS
SETPASSWORD
SETPRINTERNAME
SETVMLIMIT
WAITTIMEOUT

CHAPTER 4 FONT METRICS

3-23

3-26
3-28
3-29
3-31
3-32
3-33

3-34

4-1

4.1

FONT METRIC FILE NAMES

4-1

4.2

FORMAT OF FONT METRIC FILES
Global Section
4.2.1

4-3
4-5

4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4

Character Metrics Section
Kerning Data Section
Composite Character Section

4-7
4-8
4-10

CHAPTER 5

OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE

5-1

5.1

BASIC CONCEPTS

5-1

5.2

SMALLER OPERATOR NAMES

5-2

5.3

AUTOMATIC SPACING

5-2

5.4

USE OF BIND OPERATOR

5-2
o

5.5

ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY PROCEDURE CALLS

5-2

5.6

SCALING THE COORDINATE SYSTEM

5-3

5.7

SHOWPAGE AND COPYPAGE

5-3

5.8

#COPIES FOR MULTIPLE COPIES

5-4

5.9

IDLE FONTS

5-4
P

CHAPTER 6
6.1

6.2

6.3

PROGRAMMING FOR THE LNO3R

6-1

PRINTING DEVICE CONTROL

6.1.1

Using POSTSCRIPT Extension Operators

6-1
6-2

6.1.2

Redefining Standard POSTSCRIPT Operators

6-2

PosTScRIPT OPERATORS

6-3

6.2.1

Device-Dependent Programs

6-3

6.2.2

Preserving the Context State

6.2.3

6-3

Restrictions to Operators

6-4

VIRTUAL MEMORY

6-6

6.4

CHANGES TO STANDARD PosTScriPT OPERATORS ON THE
LNO3R
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7

Limit to Dictionary Stack Entries
findfont
gsave
Polygon Fill
quit
start
vmstatus

6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-10
6-10
6-10

6.5

WRITING A PosTScriPT SOFTWARE DRIVER
6.5.1
Useful Techniques
6.5.2
Techniques to Avoid

6-11
6-11
6-12

6.6

CONTROL CHARACTERS

6-12

6.7

PRINTABLE CHARACTERS

6-13

APPENDIX A

FONTS

A-1

APPENDIX B

ENCODING VECTORS

B-1

APPENDIX C
40

COMPATIBILITIES AND DIFFERENCES: LNO3R AND PRINTSERVER
C-1

C.1

VIRTUAL MEMORY

C-1

C.2

OPERATORS

C-1

C.3

COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE

C-2

APPENDIX D
D.1

MS-DOS AND ULTRIX INSTALLATIONS

D-1

USING THE LNO3R WITH MS-DOS

D-1

D.1.1

Using Applications with MS—-DOS

D-1

D.1.2

Transmitting Print Requests

D-2

D.2

USING THE LNO3R WITH VMS VAXMATE SERVER

D-3

D.3

USING THE LNO3R WITH ULTRIX

D-4

D.3.1

D-4

APPENDIX E

The TRANSCRIPT Application

CHARACTER BITMAP DISTRIBUTION FORMAT

E-1

E.1

TAPE FORMAT

E-1

E.2

FILE FORMAT

E-2

E.3

METRIC INFORMATION

E-3

AN EXAMPLE FILE

E-6

GLOSSARY

Glossary-1

INDEX

EXAMPLES
2-1

viii

Defining the DECMCS Encoding Vector

2-12

2—-2

Defining the ISOLatin1 Encoding Vector

2-13

3-1

Setting Margins on the Printer

3-30

4-1

Sample Font Metric (AFM) File

4-4

FIGURES

1-1
1-2
A-1
A-2
A-3
A—-4
A-5
A-6
A-7
A-8
B-1
B—-2
B-3
B—4

E-1
E-2

1-1
1-3
A-2
A-4
A-6
A-8
A-10
A-12
A-14
A-16
B-2
B-3
B-5

The LNO3R System
Major Hardware Systems
ITC Avant Garde
Courier
Helvetica
ITC Lubalin Graph
New Century Schoolbook
ITC Souvenir
Times
Symbol
Adobe Standard Encoding Vector
Symbol Encoding Vector
ISO Latin1 Encoding Vector

DEC MCS (DIGITAL Multinational Character Set) Encoding
Vector
Example of a Descender
Example with the Origin Outside the Bounding Box

B-7
E-4
E-5

LNO3R Persistent Parameters
LNO3R Volatile Parameters
Interactive Mode Control Characters
Font Numbers for Idle Scan Conversion
Font Metric Files
Characters Listed in the Order of Adobe Standard Encoding
Characters Listed in the Order of Symbol Encoding
Characters Listed in the Order of ISO Latin1 Encoding
Characters Listed in the Order of DEC MCS Encoding
Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order
Undefined PRINTSERVER 40 Operators

2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
4-2
B-8
B-9
B-11
B-13
B-15
C-2

TABLES

2-1
2-2
2-3
2—-4
4-1
B-1
B—2
B—3
B—4
B-5
C-1

___

TSRO,

Preface

Intended Audience
This manual is for programmers creating POsTScRriPT programs or applications that generate PosTScrIPT programs.

In addition to programmers, system managers can use this manual to
make adjustments to the LNO3R printing environment.

You should be familiar with the PostScriprT page description language and
with the PostScripT Language Reference Manual and PostScripT Language
Tutorial and Cookbook.

Structure of This Document
The manual contains the following chapters and appendixes:
Chapter 1 introduces the LNO3R by describing its major components.
Chapter 2 explains the system-specific capabilities of the LNO3R,
organized by function.

Chapter 3, the main reference section, describes system-specific
PosTScriPT operators, listed in alphabetical order.
Chapter 4 explains how your application can obtain font metric
information for the fonts supplied with the LNO3R.

Chapter 5 explains how to improve the performance of PosTScrirt

programs that you or your applications send to the LNO3R.

Chapter 6 gives guidelines for writing PostScripT programs that will

run successfully in the DIGITAL printing environment.

Appendix A describes and shows samples of the 29 fonts on the
LNO3R.

Appendix B shows the encoding vectors for Adobe Standard Encoding,
Symbol encoding, ISOLATIN1 encoding, and DECMCS encoding.

Appendix C describes the compatibilities and differences between the
LNO3R and PRINTSERVER 40.

Appendix D describes installing and using the LNO3R in the MS-DOS

A glossary of terms and index is provided for reference.

and Ultrix environments.

Conventions Used in This Document
This document uses the following conventions:
Convention

Meaning

Boldface

Boldface words and letters used in formats,
examples, and text specify PostScrirr keywords. In
page descriptions, you should type the keyword
exactly as shown.

Italics

When italic words and letters appear in command
formats, substitute an appropriate word or value

for the word or letter. When italic words appear
in normal text, they indicate the first use of a new
term.

Square brackets in command formats indicate that
the enclosed item is optional.

{)

Braces in command formats enclose lists from
which you must choose one alternative. The

choices are listed vertically or separated by the
vertical bar symbol (I).

A horizontal ellipsis in command formats indicates
that the preceding item(s) can be repeated one or
more times.

A vertical ellipsis in examples indicates that code

has been omitted.

Meaning

Convention

CTRL/x

This symbol indicates that you should press the

key labeled CTRL while you simultaneously press
another key, for example, CTRL/Z, CTRL/C,
CTRL/O.

This symbol indicates that you should press the

RETURN key.

Associated Documents
The following documents are associated with the LNO3R:
VAX/VMS Tools Reference Manual: LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER
VAX/VMS Management /User’s Guide: LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER
VAX /VMS Software Installation Guide: LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER

PostScript Quick Reference Guide: LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER
LNO3R ScripTPRINTER Operator Guide
LNO3R ScripTPRINTER Installation Guide
PostScrirt Translators Reference Manual
PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook
PostScripT Language Reference Manual

The following document may also be useful for reference:
Font File Format User’s Manual: Order No. EK-CFFFM-UG-001

OSR

]

Chapter

LNO3R ScriPTPRINTER Profile
The LNO3R combines hardware and software into a printing system that
many users can share. The major components of the system are the
printer and the host, as shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1:

The LNO3R System

REQUEST

HOST

PRINTER

PAPER

MLO-228-87

This chapter introduces the LNO3R system by describing its major components. Section 1.1, which describes the printer, deals mainly with system
hardware. The remaining sections describe the software.

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Profile

1-1

1.1

Printer Hardware
* The LNO3R printer is a laser output device that contains firmware to
receive incoming print files and the following hardware systems:

A device controller to process PostScript file data (page descriptions)
into bitmap images

A print engine to produce marks on paper

Paper input and output devices

Power distribution unit

The printer composes the image in a full-page bitmap memory, then
processes the image to produce a serial bit stream that is compatible with
the print engine. The print engine, in turn, uses laser electrophotography
to deposit the image on plain paper.
Figure 1-2 illustrates the LNO3R subsystems.

1-2

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Profile

Figure 1-2:

Major Hardware Systems

OUTPUT TRAY,
250 SHEETS

STACKER

PRINT ENGINE

‘

UNIT

8.5 x 11"

INPUT TRAY,

250 SHEETS
SERIAL

LINE

DEVICE

CONTROLLER
POWER
DISTRIBUTION

UNIT

AC INPUT
MLO-229-87

B
s
v
I
b

1.1.1

Print Engine
The print engine produces images. Using a nonimpact printing technique,
a low-power laser generates image-forming charges one line at a time on
- the surface of a belt. Then the printer applies a dry powder (toner) to the
belt; the powder adheres only to the charged areas. The powder is then
transferred to the paper and fused on.

The print engine accepts 1-bit/pixel data from bitmap memory and

generates images having 300-pixel/inch resolution. Maximum printing

speed for the print engine is eight A-size pages/minute, although the
actual speed depends on the page composition time; complex pages reduce
the throughput.
The print engine contains internal logic that synchronizes the printing
process. This controller makes sure the paper is fed to the print engine at
the proper time, the marks are made on the paper, and then the paper is
ejected from the engine.

1.1.2

Device Controller
The device controller is a Motorola 68000-based microprocessor. It

contains a POSTSCRIPT interpreter, firmware in ROM, PosTtScripT virtual
memory and full-page bit-mapped memory in RAM, plus communications

hardware to support the host serial port and print engine signals.

1.1.3

Paper Input and Output Devices
The LNO3R contains a 250-sheet input tray and a 250-page output tray. A
device called the face-down stacker feeds paper to the output tray.
A switch on the back of the LNO3R should agree with the paper size
being loaded into the print engine. This setting should also agree with the
papersize operator as described in Chapter 3.

1.2

Hardware Required on Host System
The host system for the LNO3R must have a hard disk drive with 2000
blocks of storage available for LNO3R software and an RX50, TK50, or
1600 BPI magnetic tape for software distribution.

The host system must have an RS-232 or RS-423 serial interface to

connect to the LNO3R. Refer to the LNO3R ScrIPTPRINTER Installation Guide

for more information.

1-4

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Profile

1.3 Printer Software
The LNO3R operates with a VMS, MicroVMS, Ultrix, or MS-DOS operating system. The software configuration depends on the host’s operating
system. Refer to the software installation kit or the operating system
documentation for more information.

1.3.1

Translators
Application programs that output data other than PosTScripT must use a

translator to convert output files into PostScript. Translator facilities differ
between operating systems. Refer to the VAX/VMS Software Installation
Guide: LNO3R ScrIPTPRINTER or to the documentation for your operating
system.

1.4

“

Ancillary Interfaces
In addition to the primary hardware systems already discussed, there are
additional interfaces into and out of the LNO3R system:

e
e

1.5

Host serial port—Receives PosTScrIPT programs and control codes
from the host system.

Print engine operator panel—Allows the operator to control the print

engine in order to recover from errors and change configuration.

Application Programs
Application programs running on host systems produce print files for the
LNO3R. Examples of such applications are:

Text formatters

Computer-aided design tools

Spreadsheets

Graphics editors

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Profile

1-5

The output of these applications can be PostScrirt, ReGIS, Tektronix, or
simple ANSI text, although PosTScripT is preferred. -

NOTE
New applications should produce PosTScrirT output for greatest
efficiency and to make the best use of the LNO3R’s features.
If your application is designed to produce files for the LNO3R,
those files should be PostScripT page descriptions.

LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER Profile

Chapter 2

n Parameters
PosTSCRIPT is a page description language that describes the appearance of
text, graphical shapes, and scanned images on printed pages. The LNO3R
converts programs written in PosTScriT to printed pages.

The PosTtScripT language is portable. A single program written in

PostScripT produces an equivalent printed document, regardless of which
model PostScripT printer is used. This portability is ensured only for
programs that use standard (non-device-specific) POsTScrIPT operators.

The LNO3R has unique features that distinguish it from other POSTSCRIPT
printers. Certain system parameters, such as password, job names, paper
margins, paper sizes, page counts, and timeout values, are manipulated
by the LNO3R in ways that may apply differently or not at all to other

PosTSCRIPT printers. This chapter describes the system parameters on the
LNO3R.

Accessing the LNO3R system parameters require some of the LNO3R
extensions to the PosTScripT language. Those extensions are discussed in
this chapter and are fully described in Chapter 3.

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-1

2.1

Accessing System Parameters

PostScript stores LNO3R system parameters in a special dictionary named
statusdict. This dictionary contains operator, string, and integer
objects
that constitute the PosTScripT language extensions for the LNO3R. By
comparison, the systemdict and userdict dictionaries contain

standard PosTScripT operators and procedure definitions.

only the

To alter a system parameter, execute statusdict begin. This pushes
statusdict on the dictionary stack. You can then execute the operators
and objects defined in statusdict. To exit statusdict, execute the
end

statement.

»:

The following example illustrates this procedure using the setvmlim

operator:

statusdict begin

—

470 setvmlimit
end

2.2

Persistent and Volatile Parameters
The LNO3R has two kinds of parameters: persistent and volatile.
Persistent parameters are stored in nonvolatile memory (NVM) located
in the printer, so their values persist even when the machine is
turned off,
Persistent parameters are sometimes called nonvolatile parameters.
Volatile parameters, on the other hand, remain in effect only during

the

execution of a job. When a job completes, volatile parameters revert
to the

default values.

2.2.1

Changing Persistent Parameters

To change a persistent parameter, a job must bypass the normal
initialization sequence that begins and ends every job. This initialization
sequence,
called the server loop, consists of the system executing the save
and re-

store operators to ensure that changes to virtual memory
in one job do
not persist into the next job. By escaping from the server
loop, a job can

make changes that persist until the printer is powered off.

2-2

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

To escape from the server loop, issue the following PosTScrirT statement:
serverdict begin password exitserver

where:
serverdict

Refers to a special dictionary. This dictionary is distinct

from statusdict.
password

Is a string that provides control over the ability of user

jobs to escape the server loop.
exitserver

Is the procedure in serverdict that exits the server loop.

CAUTION
1.

Application programs should never exit the server loop.
From outside the server loop, you have direct access to
all system parameters and you can damage the printer
configuration beyond your ability to reconfigure or repair it.

To change persistent parameters, PosTScrIPT programs require a password. The system manager sets the system password, and only a system
manager should be permitted to change persistent parameters.
Your POsTScRIPT program checks the system password with the checkpassword operator. If your application generates a PosTScripT program that
needs the password, the application should first query the user and check
the password.

If the password you supply when exiting the server loop is incorrect,
exitserver executes the error invalidaccess.

If the password is correct, exitserver performs an implicit restore and
clears the operand and dictionary stacks, as if preparing to execute the
next job. However, it does not perform another save. (Actually, the
system does start a new job, but without sending the usual end-of-file
indication on the communication channel. Therefore, the PosTScripT
program must not issue an end to match the serverdict begin.)

Having executed a successful exitserver, your PosTScripT program can
invoke the statusdict operators that change persistent parameters until the
next end-of-file. Changes the program makes to the state of the PosTSCRIPT
VM — such as creating new objects and storing values into dictionaries —
persist until power-off. The initial states of all subsequent jobs contain the
modified VM.

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-3

During execution of a program outside the server loop, VM is not protected from changes that could cause the system to malfunction. Also, VM
resources consumed by the program remain until power is cycled to the
LNO3R (the LNO3R is turned off and on).

Table 2-1 lists the persistent parameters of the LNO3R and their extensions. The table lists, in parentheses, the object type of an extension if
it is not an operator. For a complete description of these parameters, see
Chapter 3.

Table 2—-1:

LNO3R Persistent Parameters

Parameter

Extension

Communication parameters

setsccbatch”, sccbatch

Device controller firmware ID

deviceid

Exit save/restore context

exitserver

Fonts to scan convert

setidlefonts*, idlefonts

Margin values

setmargins’, margins

Name of printer

setprintername”, printername

Name of product

product (string)

Page count

pagecount (integer)

Paper size and load direction

papersize

Page stacking order

pagestackorder

Password for system manager

checkpassword, setpassword”

Print engine model ID

deviceid

Printer error

printererror

Revision of machine-dependent

revision (integer)

PostScript software

Scratch memory values

seteescratch*, eescratch

Test page selection

setdostartpage”, dostartpage

Timeout values, default

setdefaulttimeouts”, defaulttimeouts,
setdefaultjobtimeout®, defaultjobtime-

out
*

‘

Indicates an operator that requires you to exit the server loop.

2-4

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2.2.2

Changing Volatile Parameters
Some volatile parameters are string or integer values that you can read
and write using PosTtScriPT dictionary operators, such as get and put.
You access the other volatile parameters by using statusdict operators.
Table 2-2 lists the volatile parameters and the object type of an extension
if it is not an operator. For a description of the volatile parameters, see
Chapter 3.

Table 2—-2:

LNO3R Volatile Parameters

Parameter

Extension

Interactive mode

executive

Name of current job

jobname (string)

Timeout values

jobtimeout, setjobtimeout,
waittimeout

Virtual memory limit

2.3

setvmlimit

Interactive Mode
Normally, the LNO3R printer operates in batch mode, consuming and executing a sequence of POSTSCRIPT programs received from the host system.
The LNO3R also supports interactive mode by which you interact with the
LNO3R’s PostScripT interpreter by connecting an ANSI terminal to the
printer with a standard RS-232 serial interface. Use a “null modem” cable,
which reverses the Transmit Data and Receive Data signals, to connect the
terminal to the host serial port of the LNO3R printer. Characters typed at
the terminal are transmitted to the printer. The printer then displays the
typed characters (and other information) on the terminal screen.
Interactive mode should be used by application programmers as a
PostScriptT debugging tool and should never be invoked from within a
POSTSCRIPT program.
The executive operator allows you to enter interactive mode. This operator is described in Chapter 3.
To enter interactive mode, enter:
executive

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-5

This entry does not echo to the screen, since the LNO3R is in batch
mode. After the carriage return, the LNO3R enters interactive mode. The
PosTSCRIPT interpreter issues the following prompt for user input:
PS>

You can then input PosTScripT statements to the interpreter, which are
echoed to the terminal on the LNO3R output channel. When a PosTtScript
statement is terminated, the interpreter executes the statement.

—

The following control characters take the actions indicated while in
interactive mode:

Table 2-3:

Interactive Mode Control Characters

Character

Action

Delete

Backs up and erases one character

CTRL/H (Backspace)

Backs up and erases one character

N
—

CTRL/U

Erases the current line

CTRL/R

Redisplays the current line

CTRL/C

Aborts the statement and starts over

Interactive mode continues until you type |CTRL/D , or until the quit or
exitserver PosTSCRIPT operator is executed.

NOTE
Executing the PosTScripT stop operator does not terminate
interactive mode. The stop operator aborts the statement being
executed and prompts for a new one.

2.4

Scan Conversion Parameter
To gain efficiency, the LNO3R performs character scan conversion and
cache storage during idle time. That is, when not processing a job,
the LNO3R scan converts characters in commonly-used fonts and point
sizes and load the results into the font cache. Page descriptions using
the characters in cache execute faster than if the cache fonts were not
available.

2-6

—

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

—
—

You can select the fonts to scan convert, using the setidlefonts operator.
Specify each font to be scan converted, using the following sequence of
five integers:
font

8x*10

8y*10

rot/6

nchars

where:
font

Is one of the font numbers shown in Table 2-4.

sx and sy

Are the scale factors for x and y.

rot

Is the rotation in degrees.

nchars

Is the number of characters to be converted.

Table 2-4:

Font Numbers for Idle Scan Conversion

Number

Font

Number

Font

Courier

AvantGarde-Demi

Courier-Bold

AvantGarde-DemiOblique

Courier-Oblique

NewCenturySchlbk-Roman

Courier-BoldOblique

NewCenturySchlbk-Bold

Times-Roman

NewCenturySchlbk-Italic

Times-Bold

NewCenturySchlbk-BoldlItalic

Times-Italic

LubalinGraph-Book

Times-BoldlItalic

LubalinGraph-BookOblique

Helvetica

LubalinGraph-Demi

Helvetica-Bold

LubalinGraph-DemiOblique

Helvetica-Oblique

Souvenir-Demi

Helvetica-BoldOblique

Souvenir-Demiltalic

Symbol

Souvenir-Light

AvantGarde-Book

Souvenir-Lightltalic

AvantGarde-BookOblique

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-7

The system scan converts the specified number of characters of the
following 94-character set:

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
0123456789.,;2:-() "4+ 1$ Yo &e*/=@#(} <> "~I\
For example, the statement
mark ©

100

120

b2 setidlefonts

specifies conversion of all lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters
of Helvetica-Bold in a 12-point size, narrowed by the ratio 10/12, and
rotated by 90 degrees.
The mark value indicates the bottom of the stack. You can specify multiple
fonts by providing a group of five integers for each font. PostScrirT reads
in each group of five integers, up to a maximum of 150 integers (30
fonts) in the range 0 to 255. If you omit the integers, PosTScrirT does not
perform idle-time conversion.

The following characters are set at the factory for idle time scan conversion:

—

Courier 10 point: full ASCII set

—

Times-Roman and Helvetica 10, 12 and 14 point: alphanumerics and

common punctuation

—

Times-Bold and Helvetica-Bold 10, 12 and 14 point: lowercase letters

See the description of setidlefonts in Chapter 3 for more information.

2.5

Paper Handling Parameters
The LNO3R has one slot and one paper input tray, which accommodates
either 8.5” x 11”7 (A) or 210 x 297 mm (A4) paper sizes. A switch on
the back of the printer indicates the paper size. The state of this switch
is accessible to PosTScrIPT programs through the use of the papersize
operator, as described in Chapter 3.

The LNO3R has one face-down output stacker on top of the machine,
which holds 250 sheets.

2-8

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

251 Paper Orientation
The following parameters are affected when a paper size is selected for
input:

Paper orientation: Paper feeds into the LNO3R short edge first.
PostScripT coordinate system positioning: The PosTScripT processor
places its default coordinate system origin (0,0) at the lower left-hand
corner of sheet, with the positive X axis extending right (along the
short edge), and the positive Y axis extending vertically (along the
long edge). This orientation is called “Portrait”.
PosTScrIPT coordinate system unit size: Regardless of paper size, the
default units for the PostScripT coordinate system are points (1/72
inch). There is no default scaling of the units based on paper size.

Only the extents of the printable area change to match the paper size.

PostScripT clipping values: The clipping path is the edges of the
imageable area for the paper being used and is set to its default value
each time a PosTtScrirT job begins. The PostScript clipping path is
set by reading the paper size switch on the print engine when the
interpreter is initialized. These values for A size paper are .25” (75
pixels) from the left and right sides, .18” (54 pixels) from the top and
.28” (83 pixels) from the bottom of the paper. The values are the same
for A4 paper with one exception: .35” from the right side.
NOTE
The LNO3R print engine cannot image
to the edges of the sheet.

2.5.2

Margins
Margin setting allows PosTScripT programs to adjust the machine-specific
paper registration. Only a Field Service technician or individual responsible for installation or repair should set the LNO3R margins. This person
sets margins at LNO3R installation time or when performing major repair
on the printer that affects paper registration.
NOTE
Most PostScripT programs should not use the margin control
operators. The printer does not require machine registration
adjustment.

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-9

The operators that allow you to access the margins are setmargins and
margins.

2.6 Miscellaneous System Parameters

The remaining system parameters pertain to system status, ID, and current
configuration. This section describes those parameters.
P

2.6.1

Page Counter
You examine the contents of the LNO3R page counter to determine the

number of pages printed since the printer controller was built. To do this,
use the pagecount operator.

2.6.2

Printer Name
The printer name is a character string on the test page at printer start-up
time. By default, the value is set to "LNO3R”.

—

You can use the setprintername operator to store a printer name. The
maximum length of the string is 31 characters. To obtain the printer name,
use the printername operator.

2.6.3

Test Page Status
I

The LNO3R prints a test page when powered up. You can control whether
or not this test page prints by using the setdostartpage operator. To
determine if printing the test page is enabled, execute the dostartpage
operator.
-

—

JT—

2-10

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2.6.4

Password
As described in Section 2.2.1, you use the system password to escape the
normal server loop and make changes to persistent parameters.
To set the system password, use the setpassword operator.

To compare a value with the current password, use the checkpassword
operator.

2.6.5 Default Timeouts
A timeout facility limits how long the system remains in various states.
Two timeout facilities are the job timeout and the wait timeout. At the
beginning of a job, these timeouts are set to default values (initially 0 and

40 seconds, respectively).! A PosTScRIPT program can be used to change
the timeouts for a job, if desired. The operators for controlling timeouts
are located in statusdict and are described in Chapter 3.

The job timeout limits the time a job has to execute, which protects the
LNO3R from being tied up by a PostScripT program that runs too long.
The program can rejuvenate the timer any number of times during the job.

The wait timeout limits the time the system waits to receive additional input for a job in progress. This protects the LNO3R from being indefinitely
tied up by a host system failure or disconnection.

If a job or wait timeout expires, the PosTScrIPT interpreter executes the
timeout error from errordict. With the standard definition of timeout,
a job running in batch mode terminates. The timeout facility is not
ordinarily enabled when the LNO3R is in interactive mode.

2.6.6

Scratch Memory
Scratch memory is an area in nonvolatile memory where additional
persistent parameters can be stored. You can store values in scratch
memory, using the seteescratch operator. To obtain a value stored in

scratch memory, use the eescratch operator.

1 A third timeout, the manual feed timeout, is maintained by the POSTSCRIPT interpreter. However, its
value is irrelevant in the LNO3R, which has no manual feed option.

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-11

2.6.7

Name of Current Job
The job name is a string that appears as part of status responses generated
during the print job. By default, the value is a null string. Your PosTtScript
program can set the job name by associating it with jobname in statusdict.

2.6.8

Software Revision
You can obtain the revision level of the machine-dependent portion of the
PosTScripT interpreter by executing the revision operator.

2.6.9

Encoding Vectors
The examples in this section demonstrate how the ISOLatin1 and DEC
MCS encoding vectors are defined. See Appendix B for more information
about the encoding vectors. The encoding vector DECMCSEncoding is
defined by changing the vector ISOLatin1Encoding.
Example 2-1:

Defining the DECMCS Encoding Vector

%! DECMCSEncoding.PS
h
% Create DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS) encoding vector.

/DECMCSEncoding ISOLatiniEncoding
266 array copy def
mark

8#177 8#240 8#244 8#246 8#2b4 8#2b5 8#266 8#267

8#264 8#270 8#276 8#320 8#336 8#360 8#376 B#377
counttomark

{DECMCSEncoding exch /questionmirror put}
repeat

% stack now contains

mark

8#260 /currency
8#327 /OE
8#336 /Ydieresis
8#367 /oe
8#376 /ydieresis
counttomark -1 bitshift % divide by 2

{DECMCSEncoding 3 1 roll put}
repeat

% stack now contains
cleartomark

2-12

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

mark

Example 2-2:

Defining the ISOLatin1 Encoding Vector

%! ISOLatiniEncoding.PS
4

% Create IS0 Latin 1 encoding vector,

if it does not already exist.

mark

/ISOLatiniEncoding

8#000 1 8#054 {StandardEncoding exch get} for
/minus % at position 8#065, was hyphen
8#066 1 8#217 {StandardEncoding exch get} for

/dotlessi % at position 8#220

8#301 1 8#317 {StandardEncoding exch get} for % all the accents
/space /exclamdown /cent /sterling
/currency /yen /brokenbar /section
/dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
/logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
/degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
/acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
/cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
/onequarter /onehalf /threequarters
/questiondown
/Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde
/Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
/Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
/lgrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
/Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute

/Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
/0slash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
/Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
/agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
/adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
/egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis

/igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
/eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
/ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide

/oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
/udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
/180LatiniEncoding where not {266 array astore def} if
cleartomark

POSTSCRIPT System Parameters

2-13

[

Chapter 3

PosTScCRIPT Extensions
This chapter describes the LNO3R extensions to the PostScrirt language.
The extensions described in this chapter are in addition to the standard
PostScrirT language used by all PostScripT products. For the standard
PostScripT language, see the PosTScriPT Language Reference Manual. Before
using the extensions described in this chapter, be certain you are familiar
with the information in Chapter 2.

3.1

POSTSCRIPT Extension Object Types
While most of the extensions for the LNO3R are operators, some are
strings, integers, or boolean values. For example, the jobname extension
is a string object whose value represents the name of the job that the
system uses in all status reports concerning the job. You can read and
write extensions that are not operators, using the normal PostScript
dictionary operators, such as get and put.

The four categories of extensions are operators, procedures, integers,
and strings. The extensions described in this chapter are operators or
procedures, except for two strings (jobname and product) and one integer (revision). Unless noted otherwise, all extensions are defined in
statusdict.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-1

3.2

Using the Extensions
Each operator description shows syntax in the following format:

operand,...operand, operator result;...result,,
The operands precede the operator, with operand, being the top element
on the operand stack. The operator pops these objects from the operand
stack and consumes them. An example of an operator that expects an
operand (the password) is checkpassword. After executing, the operator
leaves result; through result,, on the operand stack, with result,, being the
top element. For the checkpassword operator, TRUE is returned if the
operand entered is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
A dash in an operand position indicates-that the operator expects no
operands. Likewise, a dash in a result position indicates that the operator
returns no results. This has the syntax:

— operator —

3.2.1

Extensions Restrictions
The PosTScripT extensions are used by operating system software, such as
symbionts, device control libraries, and daemons. While it is possible to
also use them in application programs, it is not recommended; the results
can be unpredictable or undesirable. Also, the extensions are devicespecific and, their use in an application can make the application unusable
on PosTScrIPT printers other than the LNO3R.

3-2

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

checkpassword

checkpassword
Determines if a string value is equal to the current system password. You
need the password to escape from the server loop and make changes to
persistent parameters or to virtual memory. See Section 2.2.1 for details.
The initial default password is “LNO3R".

Format

string checkpassword boolean
string
The value to test against the current system password.

boolean
TRUE if the string is equal to the current system password or FALSE if it
is not equal, the wrong type, or missing.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-3

defauitjobtimeout

defaultjobtimeout
Returns the value of the job default timeouts. This value is set by the
setdefaultjobtimeout or setdefaulttimeout operator. If the job default
timeout is not set, its value is 0 (that is, the default is to disable job
timeouts).

Format

— defaultjobtimeout

job

job
The returned job default timeout.

Error
stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-4

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

defaulttimeouts

defaulttimeouts
Returns the value of the job, manualfeed, and wait timeouts set by the
setdefaulttimeouts operator.

Format

— defaulttimeouts

job manualfeed wait

job
The default value for jobs, in seconds. Standard value is zero.

manualfeed
The default value manualfeed, in seconds. This value is ignored by the
LNO3R.

wait

The default value for the wait timeout, in seconds. Standard value is 40.

Error
stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-5

dostartpage

Determines whether a test page will be printed at power on. You control
printing of a power-on test page by invoking the setdostartpage operator.
The initial default is TRUE.

Format

— dostartpage

boolean

boolean
The TRUE or FALSE value of the start page parameter.
AR

Error

stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-6

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

eescratch

eescratch
Returns the value of the specified array element stored in nonvolatile
memory for scratch use. If the specified scratch value is not set, its value
is 0.

NOTE
eescratch index locations 0 to 31 are reserved for DIGITAL
software.

Format

' index eescratch value
index
An integer in the range of 0 to 63,9, which is an index into the array
stored in nonvolatile memory.

value
An integer in the range of 0 to 255,p which is the data contained in the
array in nonvolatile memory.

Errors
rangecheck
An operand value is not within the allowed range of values.

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-7

Decodes an encrypted file or string data and executes it as a standard
input stream.

Format

file eexec —
file
The object on the operand stack to be passed through an encryption filter.
The action is terminated by an end-of-file condition (CTRL/D) or by
closing the current input file.

Errors

—
stackunderfiow

The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

—

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

3-8

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

executive
Puts the LNO3R into interactive mode. Do not use this operator in a
PosTtScripT program. For more information about interactive mode, see
Section 2.3.

Format

— executive —

POSTSCRIPT Extensions 3-9

exitserver

exitserver
Escapes from the server loop in order to change persistent parameters. See
Section 2.2.1 for details on changing persistent parameters.
exitserver is defined in serverdict, not in statusdict.

Format

password exitserver —
password
A string set by setpassword.

Error
invalidaccess
Password is incorrect or missing.

3-10

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

idlefonts |
Returns the characters that the LNO3R scan converts during idle time.
These characters are set by the setidlefonts operator. If setidlefonts was
not called, this operator returns the list of default idle fonts set at the
factory. See Section 2.4 for details on idle-time scan conversion.

Format

— idlefonts

mark [font s, s, rot nchars]...

mark
A position marker (character) that delimits the bottom of the list of scanconverted characters. The group of five integers following the mark is
repeated for each font containing characters to be scan converted during
idle time.

Idle-time font caching is performed only for fonts present in VM during
idle time (those that are built into the system or have been down-line
loaded permanently outside the server loop).
font
An integer that indicates the font of the scan-converted characters. See
Table 24 the list of values.
Sx. Sy

Integers representing the scale factor for the x and y coordinates of the
scan-converted characters, multiplied by 10.
rot

The rotation, in degrees, of the scan-converted characters, divided by 5.
For example, characters rotated by 90 degrees have a rot value of 18.
nchars
The number of characters to be converted, beginning with the first character and advancing through the following set:
abcdefghijklmnopqgrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0123456789.,;7:-() "'+ 1$%&*/=@#
(} <> "~I\

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-11

idlefonts
Error
stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-12

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

jonname

Specifies the name of the job. This object is a string and not an operator.
The name is an ordinary data value, stored in statusdict, that you access,
using either the get or put operator.

If defined by a PosTScripT program, the job name appears as part of status
responses generated during the remainder of the job. The default is a null
object.

Format

— jobname

string

string
After a get operation, this string object contains the job name. For a put
or def operation, this string object contains the name of the job to be set.

Errors
jobname does not cause errors. However, the get, put, and def operators
can cause errors. See the PostScrirT Language Reference Manual for details.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-13

jobtimeout

Returns the amount of time remaining before the batch job timeout
occurs. This value can be set by setjobtimeout, or by the default,
setdefaultjobtimeout. A value of 0 means that the job will never time
out.

Format

— jobtimeout

integer

integer
The amount of time remaining before the batch job timeout occurs.

Error
stackoverfiow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-14

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

margins
Returns the value of the two margin parameters. The margin parameters
are set by the setmargins operator. Both values are integers that specify
distances in device space (hardware pixels). The initial defaults for both
margins are 0.

Format

— margins

top left

top

The value of the top margin.

left
The value of the left margin.

Error
stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

pagecount

pagecount
Returns the number of pages (mcludmg test pages) prmted since the
controller was built. This value, storedin a page counter in the LNO3R,
cannot be changed.
This value may not be the same as that shown on the mechanical page
counter on the side of the LNO3R.

Format

— pagecount

integer

integer
The number of pages printed since the printer was built.

Error
stackoverflow

The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

oo,

3-16

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

pagestackorder

pagestackorder
Determines the stacking order of the paper. This operator exists for
compatibility with the PRINTSERVER 40 POSTScRIPT printer.

Format

— pagestackorder

boolean

Returns FALSE if the first page printed faces the back of the second page,
and TRUE if the first page faces away from the second. The LNO3R will
always return TRUE, since paper is always stacked face down.

Error
stackoverflow

The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

papersize

papersize
Returns the paper size as selected by the paper size switch on the back
of the LNO3R. This switch corresponds to the size of the paper in the
paper input tray. The PosTScrIpT interpreter uses the paper size switch to
determine the default clipping region for the page. This operator exists for
compatibility with the PRINTSERVER 40 PosTScripT printer.

Format

— papersize

boolean name

boolean
Returns the load orientation of the paper. If the paper is loaded short edge
first, the value is TRUE; if the long edge is first, the value is FALSE. The
LNO3R always returns TRUE, since paper feeds short edge first.
:

name

The name of the tray, which corresponds to one of the following strings:
IR

Paper Size Selected

String Returned

letter (8.5" x 117)

lettertray

A4 (210mm x 297mm)

adtray

|
MR

These strings are the names of the operators used for paper tray selection
by DIGITAL PostScrirt printers with multiple input trays, such as the
PRINTSERVER 40. The LNO3R has one input tray.

Error
stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-18

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

printername

printername
Returns the name of the printer. The operator stores the name in a string

you supply. This value is set by setprintername.

Format

string printername substring
Sstring

A string of characters, including spaces, that contains as many characters
as the saved printer name. The operator places the printer name into the
space provided by this string.
substring
‘The returned value, which is a substring of the string parameter after the operation. The initial default value of the substring is LNO3R
SCRIPTPRINTER.

Errors
invalidaccess
An object’s access attribute is violated.

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.
rangecheck

Operand string is too small to contain the printer name.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-19

product

product
Returns the name of the product, which is an ordinary data value,
stored
in statusdict, that you access with the standard get operator.

The value of product is “ScriPTPRINTER” and cannot be changed.

Format

— product

string

string
After the get operation, this string contains the product name stored in
the
product string.

Error
product does not cause errors. However, the get operator can cause
errors. See the PostScript Language Reference Manual for details.

3-20

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

revision
Returns the revision level of the machine-dependent portion of the
PostScript interpreter. The revision level is a data value, stored in
statusdict, that you access with the get operator.

Format

— revision

integer

integer
The revision number of the machine-dependent portion of the POSTSCRIPT
interpreter. The standard value is 1.

Error
revision does not cause errors. However, the get and put operators can
cause errors. See the PosTScripT Language Reference Manual for details.

setdefaultjobtimeout

SRR

Sets the job default timeout value. The operator does not take effect until
the start of the next job.
|

Format

Jjob setdefaultjobtimeout —

job
|
A positive integer representing the default timeout value for jobs, in
seconds. The standard value is zero, which disables timeouts for jobs.
Positive integers greater than 14 are permitted.

Errors

rangecheck

_—

An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

—

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

3-22

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

setdefaulttimeouts '
Sets the values of the default job, manualfeed, and wait timeouts. To
disable timeouts, enter 0.

Format

job manualfeed wait setdefaulttimeouts —
job

A positive integer that sets the default value for jobs, in seconds. The
standard value is zero. Positive integers greater than 14 are permitted.
manualfeed

A positive integer that sets the default value for manual feed, in seconds.
This value is ignored by the LNO3R.
wait

A positive integer that sets the default value for the wait timeout, in
seconds. The standard value is 40.

Errors
invalidaccess

Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server
loop.

rangecheck

An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.
stackunderflow

The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.
typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

setdostartpage

setdostartpage
Sets the power-on default for either printing or not printing a test page.

Format

boolean setdostartpage —
boolean
A TRUE value causes the printer to print a test page on power up. A
FALSE value suppresses printing of a test page at power up.

Errors
invalidaccess
Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server
loop.

stackunderflow

The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

3-24

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

seteescratch
Writes a value into an array in nonvolatile memory for storing persistent
data. System managers can use the scratch memory to store data needed
at a particular site. For example, a system manager can maintain several
different page counters for different types of sheets. Locations in the
eescratch array can store the counter data.

Format

index value seteescratch —
index
An integer value in the range 0 to 6319 that is an index into the array
stored in nonvolatile memory.

eescratch index locations 0 to 31 are reserved for DIGITAL
software.
value

An integer value in the range 0 to 255, that is the data that you are
writing to the array in nonvolatile memory.

Errors
invalidaccess

Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server
loop.

rangecheck

An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.

stackunderflow

The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.
typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

setidlefonts

Specifies fonts to be scan converted during idle time. Input to the operator
consists of up to 150 integer values, in the range 0 to 255, on the operand
stack. The integers are read by PostScripT in groups of five. Each group
contains information on the font, scale factor, rotation, and characters in
the font to scan convert. A mark immediately below the bottom integer
on the stack delimits the series of integers.
An empty list of integers (that is, a mark that is not followed by integer
values) specifies that no characters will be scan converted. See Section
2.4 for details on idle-time scan conversion.

Format

mark [font s, s, rot nchars]... setidlefonts —
mark
A position marker that delimits the bottom of the list of scan-converted
characters. The group of five integers following the mark is repeated for
each font containing characters to be scan converted during idle time.

font
An integer value that indicates the font of the scan-converted characters.
See Table 2-4 for the list of possible values.
Sx. Sy

Integers representing the scale factor for the x and y coordinates of the
scan-converted characters, multiplied by 10. For example, a 12-point size
is specified by the integer 120.
rot

The rotation, in degrees, of the scan-converted characters, divided by 5.
For example, to rotate a character by 90 degrees, specify 18.

3-26

POSTSCRIPT Extensions
s

nchars

The number of characters to be converted, beginning with the first character and advancing through the following set:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0123456789.,;2:-() "'+ 1$%&* /=@# {} <> "~I\

Errors
invalidaccess

Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server
loop.

limitcheck

An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.
typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

unmatched mark
An expected mark is not on the operand stack.

setjobtimeout

setjohtimeout
Sets the timeout for the current job. You can obtain the default job
timeout by executing the defaultjobtimeout operator.

Format

integer setjobtimeout —
integer
The timeout, in seconds, that you want to set for the current job. Specify
0 to disable timeouts.

Errors
rangecheck
An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

3-28

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

setmargins

setmargins
Add the specified value to the top and/or left margins. A positive integer
widens the margin, a negative integer narrows it. The operator adds two
numbers from the operand stack to the current values of the top and left
margins, measured in pixels (1/300 inch). The result is a change in the
alignment of the image area on the output page. The range of adjustment
is limited by the print engine’s adjustment ability. The standard values for
8.5” x 11” paper are .25” (75 pixels) from the left and right sides, .18” (54
pixels) from the top and .28” (83 pixels) from the bottom. The values are
the same for A4 paper except for the right side: .35” (101 pixels).

When a value is out of the adjustment range, the closest value within the
range is used. The limits on margin adjustment for 8.5” x 11” paper are,
in pixels:
top: [-25, 1185]
left: [-16, 80]

System managers or technicians should use setmargins only during
system installation to correct alignment errors. Do not use setmargins to
set the dimensions of the image area.

This operator does not take effect until the next PostScripT job executes.

Format

top left setmargins —
top

The number of hardware pixels to add to the top margin (short edge of
paper resting closest to front of the printer).
left
The number of hardware pixels to add to the left margin (long edge of
paper closest to left side of printer).

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-29

setmargins
Errors

—
invalidaccess
Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server

loop.

rangecheck
An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.

[

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

Example 3-1:

—

Setting Margins on the Printer

%
% This program will set the
X and Y margins on an LNO3R.
h
(LNO3R)

—

% edit this line to equal your system exit password

/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont

100 720 moveto
serverdict begin
statusdict begin

dup checkpassword

—

(Setting new margins. 0ld margins were:
10 string cvs show ( ) show
10 string cvs show ( ) show

) show margins exch

showpage exitserver

} {(Sorry, wrong password!) show} ifelse
statusdict begin

1 32 setmargins

), *¥* Edit this line. First number is top margin,

% *second number is left margin. Both are in pixels.
end
R

3-30

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

setpassword

setpassword
Sets the password. The password must be enclosed in parentheses. The

password is stored in nonvolatile memory.

Format

old new setpassword boolean
old

A string corresponding to the current password. The initial default is
“LNO3R.”
new

A string corresponding to the new password.
boolean

TRUE is returned if old is the correct password and the password is
changed to new. FALSE is returned if old is incorrect and no action is
taken.

Errors
stackunderflow

The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.
typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-31

setprintername

setprintername
Sets the name of the printer. The entry must be enclosed in parenthese
s.
The printer name is stored internally and is printed on the test page
at
printer startup.

Format

string setprintername —
string
The name of the printer. The string can be 31 characters long.

Errors
invalidaccess
Attempted to set persistent parameters without first exiting the server
loop.

limitcheck
Implementation limit exceeded.

stackunderflow
The operand stack is empty when the operator expects a value.

typecheck
An operand value is not the correct data type.

3-32

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

setvmlimit

setvmlimit
Allocates the number of bytes to store in virtual memory (VM). By default,
the VM limit on the LNO3R is set to the maximum bytes available,
which is 470K bytes. Applications can reduce the VM limit to ensure
transportability among PosTScripT printers.

The setvmlimit values are set by the standard PosTtScripT operator
vmstatus. See Section 6.6.7 for more information about vmstatus as
modified for the LNO3R.

Format

limit setvmlimit —
limit

The maximum number of bytes for VM, which is 470K bytes. If you
specify a value larger than the maximum VM limit, the maximum value is
used.

Errors
limitcheck

An operand value is not in the allowed range of values.
vmerror

Attempted to use more VM than the limit allows.

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

3-33

waittimeout

Returns the wait timeout, which is the seconds the LNO3R waits to receive
additional characters from the host before aborting the job by executing a
timeout. At the beginning of a job, the system initializes waittimeout to
the timeout returned by defaulttimeouts; but a PostScript program may
change the timeout to any positive integer. (In interactive mode, the wait
timeout is 0.)

The initial default is 40.
P

Format

— waittimeout integer

—

integer

The number of seconds before timeout.

Errors

stackoverflow
The operand stack is full, preventing the operator from adding the returned value to the stack.

3-34

POSTSCRIPT Extensions

Chapter 4

Font Metrics
Adobe Font Metrics files are ASCII-encoded files that allow application
programs to format text containing characters defined in the fonts provided
with the LNO3R. Font metrics consist of such information as:
Character widths

Kerning information (by character pairs)

Composite character information (for forming character composites,
such as accented letters)

This chapter describes the font metric files and shows the contents and
form of the files.

4.1

Font Metric File Names
The font metrics for each font reside in a file with the AFM extension.
(AFM stands for Adobe Font Metrics.) You can determine the name of a
font metric file by taking the contents of the FontName field and changing
the hyphens (-) to underscores (). For example, suppose a FontName
field contains the following string:

DEC-COURIER-BOLDOBLIQUE

The name of its font metric file is:
DEC_COURIER_BOLDOBLIQUE.AFM

The names of the font metric files for the 29 PostScriprT fonts in to the
LNO3R are as follows:

TR,

Table 4-1:

Font Metric Files

AVANTGARDE _BOOK.AFM

AVANTGARDE _BOOKOBLIQUE.AFM

AVANTEGARDE_DEMI.AFM
AVANTEGARDE_DEMIOBLIQUE.AFM

COURIER.AFM
COURIER_BOLD.AFM
COURIER_OBLIQUE.AFM
COURIER _BOLDOBLIQUE.AFM
HELVETICA.AFM

HELVETICA _BOLD.AFM
HELVETICA _OBLIQUE.AFM

HELVETICA _BOLDOBLIQUE.AFM

LUBALINGRAPH_BOOK.AFM
LUBALINGRAPH_BOOKOBLIQUE.AFM
LUBALINGRAPH_DEMILAFM

LUBALINGRAPH _DEMIOBLIQUE.AFM

NEWCENTURYSCHLBK _ROMAN.AFM
NEWCENTURYSCHLBK _ITALIC.AFM
NEWCENTURYSCHLBK _BOLD.AFM

NEWCENTURYSCHLBK _BOLDITALIC.AFM

SOUVENIR_DEMI.AFM

SOUVENIR_DEMIITALIC.AFM
SOUVENIR_LIGHT.AFM

SOUVENIR_LIGHTITALIC.AFM
SYMBOL.AFM
TIMES_BOLD.AFM

TIMES_BOLDITALIC.AFM
TIMES_ITALIC.AFM

TIMES_ROMAN.AFM

4-2

Font Metrics

4.2

Format of Font Metric Files
The AFM file has the following features:

Itis ASCII encoded and human readable. Applications can reformat
the information, if necessary. (For example, you can produce TgX,
TEM, or PL files.)

The file is extensible. You cém add nonstandard fields.

Applications can parse the format, skipping over items that are not

A PosTSCRIPT program can generate the format by using the informa-

applicable.

tion in a PostScripT font.

An AFM file consists of four sections that describe different properties of
a font. The global section contains information on the font. The character
metrics section contains the metric information for each character. The
kerning data section contains information about different types of character
spacing (kerning). The composite character section contains data about
characters that are made from other characters.

The following example shows a sample AFM file, illustrating the four
sections of the format. An explanation of each section follows.

Example 4-1:

Sample Font Metric (AFM) File
AR

C‘omment

**********#*****‘*************************#

StartFontMetrics 2.0

Comment Copyright (c)
FontName Times-Roman

Global

1986 Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Section

e ook o

FullName Times Roman
FamilyName Times

Weight Medium

ItalicAngle 0.0
IsFixedPitch false

UnderlinePosition -98
UnderlineThickness 54
Version 001.000
Notice Times is a trademark of Allied Corporation.
EncodingScheme AdobeStandardEncoding
FontBBox -167 -262 1004 904
CapHeight 673
XHeight 4456

Descender -219
Ascender 686
Comment

¥k skskikskskskikkkkskkkskkkkkkkks*x

StartCharMetrics 210
C32 ; WX 260 ; N space

C33

;

WX 333 ;

C34

;

WK 408

;

Character Metrics

Section %%

BO OO O ;

N exclam ; B
128 -17 240 873 :
N quotedbl ; B
46 445 313 685 ;

Comment---> Lines omitted for brevity

C37
C37

C37

; WX 833 ;
WX 833 ;
; WX 833 ;

;

; B

24 -17 416 469 ;
210382685 ; Lifi
24 -220 469 468 ;

Ng ; B

;L 1Z£1

Comment---> Lines omitted for brevity

C37

; WX 833

;

N islash

C37

;

WX 833

;

N oslash

;

C37

;

WX 833

;

Noe

EndCharMetrics

;

0 O 283 685 :
30 -104 469 566
30 -10 684 462 :
B

4-4 Font Metrics
AR

Comment % sk sk sk ok ok ok ok ok ko ok sk ok ok ok ok ok sk kokokokokokskokokok
ok ok k ok
Kern Data Section *kks

StartKernData

StartTrackKern
TrackKern -3 6
TrackKern -2 6
TrackKern
-1 6

3
1 72 -6
2 72 -3
7 72 -1

EndTrackKern

StartKernPairs 2

KPX AV -18
KPX A 0 -10
EndKernPairs

EndKernData
..............................

StartComposites 1
CC Aacute2; PCC A 0 O; PCC acute 30 300;
EndComposites
EndFontMetrics

4.2.1

Global Section
The following global font keys are the same as those in the FontInfo dictionary for any font. The PostScripT Language Reference Manual describes
the fonts’ meanings. Numeric values are in the character coordinate
system (1000 units/em).

NOTE

The following format descriptions use number as defined in
the PostScripT Language Reference Manual. A number can be a
signed integer, a real value, or a radix value.
FontName string

string is the name of the font as presented to the PostScriet findfont
operator.
~
FullName string

string is the print name of the font.
FamilyName string

string is the font family name.
Weight string

string is the weight of the font.

Font Metrics 4-5

ItalicAngle realnumber

realnumber is the angle in degrees, counterclockwise from the vertical, of
the vertical strokes of the font.

IsFixedPitch boolean

boolean value indicates whether the font is monospaced.
UnderlinePosition number

number is the distance beneath the baseline at which to place an underline.
UnderlineThickness number
number is the thickness of an underline stroke.
Version string

string is a font version identifier.

Notice string
AR

string is a font name trademark or copyright notice.

Comment string
string is a string that an application reading the AFM file should ignore.

EncodingScheme string
string indicates the default encoding vector for the font. The most common vector is AdobeStandardEncoding. Special fonts can also specify
FontSpecific.
FontBBox lix lly urx ury

The four integers represent the lower left-hand corner and upper righthand corner of the font bounding box:

lix is an integer value representing the lower left-hand x coordinate.

lly is an integer value representing the lower left-hand y coordinate.

urx is an integer value representing the upper right-hand x coordinate.

ury is an integer value representing the upper right-hand y coordinate.

This bounding box is of flattened paths, not of the Bezier curve descriptions.
O

4-6

Font Metrics

CapHeight number
number represents the top of an uppercase H.
XHeight number

number represents the top of a lowercase x.

Descender number
number is a value representing the bottom of a lowercase p.
Ascender number
number is a value representing the top of a lowercase d.

4.2.2

Character Metrics Section
The character metrics section of an AFM file begins with the key
StartCharMetrics and ends with the key EndCharMetrics.
Each character’s metric information consists of a list of keys and values,
separated by semicolons. The characters in the font are in numerically
ascending character code. Unencoded characters follow the encoded
characters and are identified by character codes of —1. Each character
metric must fit on one line.
Key descriptions follow.
StartCharMetrics integer

integer indicates the number of characters that the font metric file describes for the font. This integer is valuable for applications to perform a
consistency check when parsing the data.
C number
number is the decimal value of the default PostScript character code (-1 if
unencoded).
WX width-x
width-x is the character width in the x coordinate. (The value of y is 0.)
W width-x width-y

width-x and width-y constitute the character width vector.

N name
name is the name of the character.

B lix lly urx ury
The four integers represent the lower left-hand corner and upper righthand corner of the character bounding box:
llx represents the lower left-hand x coordinate.

lly represents the lower left-hand y coordinate.

urx represents the upper right-hand x coordinate.

ury represents the upper right-hand y coordinate.

L successor ligature
successor is the name of a character that joins with the current character

to form a character named ligature. Characters may have more than one
ligature entry.

4.2.3

Kerning Data Section
The kerning data section is optional; it may or may not be present. The
section begins with the key StartKernData and ends with EndKernData.
Two categories of kerning data exist: track kerning and character pair
kerning. One or both sections can be in a font metric file.
To specify track kerning, supply the minimum and maximum point sizes
of the characters you are kerning, as well as the minimum and maximum
kerning amounts.

The format of keys for kerning data follows.
StartTrackKern integer
integer indicates how many tracks are present. This key begins a section that provides track kerning information. The section must have a
matching EndTrackKern key.

TrackKern degree min_pt min_kern max_pt max__kern
degree is an integer. Increasingly negative degrees represent tighter track
kerning and increasingly positive degrees represent looser track kerning.
min_pt is the minimum point size for kerning, below which the min_kern
value is used.

4-8

Font Metrics

min_kern is the minimum track kerning value in character coordinate units
(1000 units/em).
max_—pt is the maximum point size for kerning, above which the max__kern
value is used.
max _kern is the maximum track kerning value in character coordinate
units (1000 units/em).
EndTrackKern
This key ends a section that provides track kerning information. It must
have a matching StartTrackKern key.

StartKernPairs

This key starts the kerning pairs section. The integer fc)llomng tells how
many pairs to expect.

EndKernPairs
This key ends the kerning pairs section.

KP namel name2 deltax deltay
namel is the first character in the kerning pair.
name?2 is the second character in the kerning pair.
deltax is the kerning amount in the x direction.

deltay is the kerning amount in the y direction.
KPX namel name2 deltax
namel is the first character in the kerning pair.
name2 is the second character in the kerning pair.

deltax is the kerning amount in the x direction (y is 0).

Font Metrics

4-9

4.2.4

Composite Character Section
The composite character section is optional. Composite characters consist
of characters that already exist in a font. Character metrics data for
composite characters resides in the Character Metrics Section, along with
noncomposite characters.

The composite character section begins with the key StartComposites
and ends with the key EndComposites. The data for each composite
character consists of a list of keys and values, separated by semicolons.
Each composite character description must fit on one line.
The key description follows:

CC name integer
name is the name of the composite character.
G

integer is the number of parts that comprise the composite character.
PCC name deltax deltay

This key composes one of the parts of a composite character.
name is the character that will be used to make up the composite character.

deltax is the displacement from the origin in the x direction.

deltay is the displacement from the origin in the y direction.
All units are in the character coordinate system. There is a PCC entry for
each part of the composite character.

4-10

Font Metrics
e

Chapter 5

Optimizing Performance
The performance of the LNO3R depends on several factors, including the
size and load of the host computer, speed of the communications interface,
PosTScrIpT processing, the image drawing hardware, and the print engine.
This chapter describes methods for optimizing the PosTScripT processing.

5.1

Basic Concepts
Three processes account for most of the PosTScripT execution time:
Low-level raster manipulations

This process consists of painting character bitmaps and filling trapezoids located at arbitrary bit boundaries. Usually, this process dominates all others if all the characters are in the font cache.
Character scan conversion

This compute-intensive operation pushes high-level character definitions through the full PostScript graphics machinery. This process
requires extensive arithmetic, both fixed and floating point.
PosTScripT input scanning and interpretation

This process includes parsing the input stream, constructing tokens,
looking up names, and pushing and popping stacks. The time consumed depends on the type of page description and the programming
style. Text that consists of strings and calls to simple PosTScripT
procedures consumes little time in the interpreter; text that executes
complex PosTScripT code for each mark placed on the page more time.

Optimizing Performance

5-1

The PostScripT processor can print 3000 characters a page at a rate of
8 pages a minute, using characters in the bitmap cache. However, since
several factors determine this performance, make sure that your POSTSCRIPT
code produces high performance.

5.2

Smaller Operator Names
You can replace standard operator names with names that use fewer
characters for file-saving and/or communication-saving sake.

e
S

5.3

Automatic Spacing
Use the automatic spacing of the show operator rather than explicitly positioning every character in your PosTScripT program. Also, use widthshow
for sequences of words with constant space in between.

5.4

Use of bind Operator
Applying the bind operator to procedure bodies relieves the interpreter of
looking up the names of PosTScripT operators each time they are executed.
This technique works only if the procedure body does not depend upon

—

late-binding,.

9.5

Eliminating Unnecessary Procedure Calls
Check for unnecessary nested procedure calls and “unroll” definitions
where possible. For instance, the contents of some procedure bodies can
be placed in-line.

o
e

Kot

5-2

Optimizing Performance

5.6

Scaling the Coordinate System
Arrange the current transformation matrix so that the PosTSCrRIPT matrix

machinery does most of the arithmetic work. Where appropriate, specify
numeric constants as reals rather than integers.

Applications can unnecessarily perform the findfont, makefont and
setfont steps twice (once to change the typeface and again to change the
size). This indicates an error in the application software’s design. Check
for double calls when font changes occur.
|

5.7

showpage and copypage
Inappropriately using the copypage operator can degrade performance in
the LNO3R.

showpage produces better throughput performance. The operator prints
the current page, erases it, and initializes the graphics state.
On the other hand, copypage prints the page, but does not erase it
or initialize the graphics state. copypage is more specialized in that it
adds new marks to an existing page. You most often use copypage to
incrementally build up a page.
The showpage operator is logically equivalent to
copypage

erasepage initgraphics

Using copypage in your PosTScripT programs for printing pages can
degrade page throughput. showpage produces better results because it
performs the printing and erasing in parallel, whereas copypage erasepage
does it serially.

Additionally, you should not use copypage to defeat the automatic
initgraphics performed by showpage. That is, to print and erase the
current page, but leave the graphics state unchanged, you should enter
gsave

showpage

grestore

You should not enter
o

copypage

erasepage

NOTE
The PostScrirt Language Tutorial and Cookbook includes an
example that uses the incorrect technique.

5.8

#copies for Multiple Copies
The correct way to print multiple copies of a page is to associate the
number of copies with the name #copies prior to invoking showpage
or copypage, as described in the PostScripT Language Reference Manual.
Executing showpage or copypage for each copy is inefficient.

5.9

Idie Fonts
You can improve the page composition speed by using the setidlefonts
extension to scan convert the appropriate fonts. See Section 2.4, as well as
the description of setidlefonts in Chapter 3, for details.

[

5-4

Optimizing Performance

Chapter 6

Programming for the LNO3R
System software that controls PosTScripT printers may send POSTSCRIPT
device control procedures to the printer ahead of the user’s PosTScript
program. This chapter provides information you need to know to write
programs that successfully execute in the LNO3R.

6.1

Printing Device Control
PostScripT procedures for device control may be generated by system software that controls a PostScripT printer. The function of these procedures
is determined by the host operating system and printer control software.
Some functions performed by device control procedures are:
®

Report error conditions to the user

Report print job accounting information to the user

Control the portion of a print job that produces output

Provide custom character set encodings

The device control procedures are sent to the printer ahead of the user’s
PosTScriPT program and terminate when the print job does. These procedures modify the behavior of print job in two ways:
1.

By using PosTScrIPT extension operators

By redefining standard PosTScripT operators

aming

for the LNO3R

6-1

6.1.1

Using PostScrirT Extension Operators
PosTScRIPT extension operators are used to control the printer. These operators are unique to the printer model or class of printers. The PosTScripT
extension operators for the LNO3R are described in Chapter 3.

To ensure device-independent page descriptions, application software
should not refer to the operator extensions in a POSTSCRIPT program.
When the extensions must be used, use those that produce the desired
output on the largest set of different printer models.

6.1.2

Redefining Standard PosTScrirT Operators
Printer control software may redefine standard PosTScripT operators to
modify a print job’s behavior. This programming technique is called
layering; it is made possible by the way PostScrirT performs implicit name
searches. Layering may also be used by document-formatting utilities
that include portions of one PosTScRrIPT program in a second POSTSCRIPT
program. See Section 6.2 for more information about programmmg

‘context layers.

Layering inserts a context layer between the user’s POSTSCRIPT program
and the standard PostScrirT interpreter. The context layer consists of the
PostScripT stacks and the graphics state. The context layer modifies the
behavior of the user’s PosTScripT program, which is executed (layered)
over it. Although the context layer modifies the behavior of the user
program, it is transparent to the user program. In fact, the user program
may run on top of several different context layers, all equally unaware of
each other’s existence.

The current context is the PosTScrIPT state resulting from all the layers
present when a program runs: user, device control, system management,
and standard PosTScripT.
PosTtScripT programs that violate the implicit name search order can cause
unexpected results, as they override and possibly conflict with underlying
context layers.
PosTSCRIPT programs cannot assume the order of objects on the various
PostScrirt stacks at the start of a job, because the stack order may have
been modified by an underlying context layer.

Start each program with a save operator and end each program with a
restore operator to ensure that you save the context of the program.

6-2

Programming for the LNO3R

6.2 POSTS(:RIPT Operators
These guidelines help make programs transportable and help eliminate
potential conflict among underlying context layers.
NOTE

Application programs should never exit the server loop.

6.2.1

Device-Dependent Programs
Device-dependent POSTSCRIPT programs can change system parameters.
Because these programs perform device control and can exit the server
loop, they do not always follow the operator restrictions.

Normally, only system managers should create programs that change
system parameters.

6.2.2

Preserving the Context State
PosTtScripT programs should, in general, preserve the context state that
exists at the start of the program. However, programs should not make
assumptions about that context state.

Follow these guidelines to preserve the state of the underlying context
layer:
1.

Execute a save operator at the beginning of the program and a restore
at the end.
This ensures that the state of virtual memory and composite objects
are restored to their previous values when the program completes.

Do not alter the contents of a string object that was defined in a
previous context layer, because the restore operator does not restore
the contents of strings. You should not, however, depend on the fact
that the restore operator does not restore the contents of strings.

Do not assume a preexisting stack state at the start of the program.
For example, do nat assume an object is on top of a particular stack at
the start of the program.

amming for the LNO3R

6-3

Keep the order of stack objects that existed before the start of the
program.

6.2.3

Do not clear the stack.

Restrictions to Operators
Application software should restrict the use of the following PosTSCRIPT
operators in a layered environment, as described:

banddevice
Do not use this device-dependent operator.

clear
S

This operator clears the entire operand stack, possibly including state
that an underlying context layer was trying to preserve. Instead, use
mark and cleartomark or pop the exact number of objects that were
pushed.

closefile
Only close files in the module that opened them. Do not close the
standard input file, because this closes all instances of the input
stream, thus preventing execution of the rest of the file.
erasepage

This operator ignores the clipping path. Use code like the following

instead:

gsave

clippath

1 setgray

£ill
grestore

framedevice

Do not use this device-dependent operator.

initclip
Do not assume that the default clipping path is in effect when the
program starts. Use gsave and grestore to preserve the original

clipping path.

6-4

Programming for the LNO3R

[

initgraphics

The current context may have redefined any or all of the graphics
state. Use gsave and grestore to preserve the original graphics state.
initmatrix
The current context may have redefined the current transformation
matrix (CTM). Instead of using initmatrix, set a variable to the CTM
at the start of the included file. For example, use this:
/origmatrix matrix currentmatrix def

origmatrix setmatrix

% revert to original CTM

Use gsave and grestore rather than initmatrix in such cases.
renderbands
Do not use this device-dependent operator.

setmatrix
Do not make assumptions about the initial CTM. In general, use
concat instead of setmatrix.

systemdict
Do not reference operators through systemdict. Use the dictionary
stack, in case they have been redefined. Do not use:
systemdict /moveto get /m exch def

Instead, use:
/moveto load /m exch def

transform
The transform operators (transform, itransform, dtransform, idtransform) take an X,Y pair on the stack and “transform” them back and
forth between the user space and device space coordinate systems.
They are implemented as matrix operations, and if they are used at all
should only be used in pairs.

userdict
Do not assume that userdict is on top of the dictionary stack.
Programs should not reference userdict explicitly. Instead, they
should create their own local dictionaries. Do not use:

Programming for the LNO3R

6-5

/x1 def
/y 2 def
/z 3 def

Instead, use:
3 dict begin

/x 1 def
/y 2 def
/z 3 def

end

% pop local dictionary off the dictionary stack

quit

—

In some environments, quit may prevent later jobs from being printed.

Use stop instead.

6.3

Virtual Memory
By default, the LNO3R sets the limit of available virtual memory (VM) to
the maximum amount, 470K bytes. To set virtual memory lower than the
default, use the setvmlimit operator. Setting a lower VM limit may be

necessary for transporting applications.

To make sure a file does not exceed virtual memory limits, enclose each
page with a save/restore pair. For programs that require large amounts of
VM, such as complex graphics applications, you may need to take other
steps to prevent VM limitchecks.
A program can reuse a composite object rather than create a new one
each time the object is needed. A program can also use save and restore
frequently. Remember that the restore operator not only recovers VM but
also restores the graphics state (as for a grestore) and restores variables to
the values they had at the time of the save.

Several POSTSCRIPT operators consume VM each time they are executed.
Avoid using these operators within a loop. In this example, the 100 string
allocates VM for a 100-element string at each iteration of the loop:

e
—

“"‘”'”“‘”“

e
—
"“"“"""‘“”‘“”
S

11 100

{ myarray exch get 100 string cvs show } for
[

6-6

Programming for the LNO3R

[

Instead, move the 100 string out of the loop. This example allocates VM
for the string once instead of 100 times:
/mystring 100 string
i1 1000

{ myarray exch get mystring cvs show } for

The following operators consume VM:

[]
Initialized arrays constructed with bracketed pairs consume VM once
an execution. Move the brackets outside of loops.
array

Arrays constructed with the array operator consume VM once an
execution.

dict

The dict operator consumes VM each time it is executed. However,
dict is rarely executed from within a loop.
matrix

A matrix is an array of six elements, usually real numbers. Each call
to the matrix operator consumes VM.
This example allocates VM for six matrixes, although only two are
needed:
10 10 matrix scale

90 matrix rotate
matrix concatmatrix

/etm_1 exch def
b b matrix scale
90 matrix rotate
matrix concatmatrix

/ctm_2 exch def

The following example consumes less VM. In this case, only three
matrixes are allocated in VM, and the scratch matrix can be reused
later.
/scratch_matrix matrix def
Jetm_1 matrix detf
/ctm_2 matrix def
10 10 ctm_1 scale

90 scratch_matrix rotate
ctm_1 concatmatrix

ming for the LNO3R

6-7

b b ctm_2 scale

90 scratch_matrix rotate

J—

ctm_2 concatmatrix

—

string
The string operator consumes VM each time it is executed. When
possible, reuse strings and keep the string operator outside of loops.

()

A string in parentheses consumes VM only once, at scan time, so it
can be left inside loops. However, be careful of modifying such a
string. If the string is modified the first time through the loop, the
modified version is used in each subsequent iteration.

—

The following example tries to enter several different names into an
entry on a form. It fails, because there is only one copy of the string
(Name:—____)in VM.
g

name_array

{

(Name:

) 8

2 -1 roll putinterval
show

12 O rmoveto

} forall
BRI

If the first two names entered were Zimmerman and Jones, the form
would look something like this:
Name: _Zimmerman__

Name:_Jonesrman__

To get the desired results, use the copy operator to create a new string
for each name:

—

name_array

{

(Name:

—
) 1 copy exch pop 6

2 -1 roll putinterval
show
12 0 rmoveto

} forall

<>
S

The angle bracket construct for entering hexadecimal strings consumes
VM only at scan time, not at execution time.

6-8

Programming for the LNO3R

—

- 6.4

Changes to Standard POSTSCRIPT Operators on the LNO3R
Some standard PosTSCRIPT operators operate differently when used with
the LNO3R. This section describes changes and restrictions to those
standard POSTSCRIPT operators.

6.4.1 Limit to Dictionary Stack Entries
The PostScripT Language Reference Manual states that the maximum
number of entries on the dictionary stack (dict stack) is 20. However,
on the LNO3R, PostScripT uses two entries outside the server loop, so a
maximum of 18 entries on dict stack is available to user programs.

NOTE
If other libraries also use dictionary stack entries, fewer are
available for user programs.

6.4.2

findfont
findfont executes the invalidfont error when the requested font is not in
VM. (In other PostScripT printers, findfont may select a font for you when
the requested font is not in VM).
findfont is defined in systemdict, not in statusdict.

6.4.3

gsave
- The PostScript Language Reference Manual states that you can have a
maximum of 31 active gsave commands before you get a limitcheck
error. However, the LNO3R uses two active gsave commands outside the
server loop, so the maximum number for programs is 29. Note that if
other libraries also use active gsave, fewer are available for user programs.

6.4.4

Polygon Fill
Using polygon fill (the fill, eofill, clip, and eoclip operators) can cause a
limitcheck error even if fewer than 1500 points are in the path.

Programming for the LNO3R

6-9

6.4.5

quit
The quit operator, when executed inside the server loop, is identical in
function to the PosTtScripT stop operator. When executed outside the
server loop, quit results in the following message:
S

Flushing:

to end of file

If executed in interactive mode, quit terminates interactive mode or causes
the innermost invocation of executive to be exited.

If executed in batch mode, quit functions identically to the stop operator.

6.4.6

start
The start operator implements the behavior of the top-level server control.
When invoked, another instance of the PostScript server loop is created.
When used inside the server loop, start generates an invalidaccess error.
When exited outside the server loop, a power-up reset sequence results.

User programs should not invoke start, as it may cause unexpected side
effects. For example, the exitserver operator would not exit the top-level
server loop when invoked, but rather the one that was “created” by the
user program upon executing start.

6.4.7

vmstatus
For the LNO3R, vmstatus returns three integers that describe the state
of the PosTScripT virtual memory. The values returned are defined as
follows:
1.

LEVEL: The current depth of “save” nesting. It describes the number
of “saves” that have not yet been matched with a “restore”.

USED: The number of bytes of virtual memory currently in use.

MAXIMUM: The maximum number of bytes of virtual memory
available to the PostScripT program. This value is changed by the
setvmlimit operator, as described in Chapter 3.

6-10

Programming for the LNO3R

6.5 Writing a POSTSCRIPT Software Driver
PosTScripT is a full programming language, but is an interpreted language
designed for high-level, device-independent page representation. It is
not designed for floating-point number processing, or extensive string
manipulations. It is best to use the language according to its design. This
section lists programming techniques to consider and avoid when writing
a PosTtScripT software driver.

6.5.1

Useful Techniques
*

Write a very clearly defined prolog, which will contain primitive
procedures needed by your application, and make it-human readable.
The application will then generate a “script”, which will represent the
document data.

Use a local dictionary to define the prolog, and use it within procedure
calls or when beginning a document. For more information, see
the descriptions of dict, begin, and end in the PostScrirt Language
Reference Manual.

Put your prolog in a separate data resource or file and/or allow users
to supply alternate ones. Allow the PosTScripT output to be redefined
to the disk if requested.

Adhere carefully to Adobe’s document structuring conventions, as

Use the load operator when you want to use an existing operator in
another procedure definition. For example:

outlined in the PostScriprT Language Reference Manual.

/s /showpage load def

For changing among fonts, save font dictionaries instead of procedures
that execute findfont. For example,
/music /Sonata findfont 24 scalefont def

will process faster than

/music { /Sonata findfont 24 scalefont } def

Use the bind operator in all prolog procedure definitions. This
eliminates unnecessary name lookups and increases POSTSCRIPT’s
efficiency. For example:
/proc { add 2 div exch round } bind def

Programming for the LNO3R

6-11

[

Assume that the PosTScripT environment you inherit at the beginning
of your job is the standard one. Avoid “defensive” programming
techniques such as using the initgraphics, grestoreall, erasepage, and
setmatrix operators.
Use the save and restore operators around logical graphic and text
objects, and/or complete pages, to reclaim state and memory, and to
accomplish font management.
SO

6.5.2

Techniques to Avoid
Avoid compromising efficiency for generality. Try to minimize the
amount of computation performed as the PostScrrrr file is interpreted.
Scale the coordinate system when appropriate. Do not compute line

" breaks of column justification in PosTScrirT.

Avoid interactive dialogs with printers. Use font (.AFM) files and
printer description (.APD) files.

Avoid system-level dependencies and operators (see Section op_restrict
and avoid using exitserver in simple drivers.
A

Avoid setting device-level functions or parameters, especially not the
transformation matrix. Use the concat operator instead.

6.6

Control Characters
The only characters in the ASCII control set that you can use in a print file
are the white space characters recognized by PostScript. The LNO3R uses
CTRL/C, CTRL/D, and CTRL/T for print job synchronization. These
characters should only be used by system software, which controls the
LNO3R. Applications should not include these characters in PosTScripT
page descriptions.

POSTSCRIPT uses the following white space characters as separators. ASCII
codes are in decimal.

Carriage Return (ASCII code 13)
Horizontal Tab (ASCII code 9)
Line Feed (ASCII code 10)

Space (ASCII code 32)

6-12

Programming for the LNO3R

6.7

Printable Characters
ASCII characters that fall between code 33 and 126 comprise the printable characters for PosTScripT programs. Using character codes outside
these limits may prevent the PosTScrIPT program from being successfully
transmitted across a 7-bit communications interface. Use backslash octal notation in strings to represent character codes that fall outside the
recommended set.

Programming for the LNO3R

6-13

ORGSR,

HOIG,

SIS

[—

Appendix A

Fonts
This appendix describes the 29 fonts on the LNO3R. These include four
type faces of ITC Avant Garde, a fixed-pitch Courier, Helvetica, ITC
Lubalin Graph, New Century Schoolbook, ITC Souvenir, and Times.
The appendix also includes a Symbol font containing mathematical and
special characters. Each font includes sample text and a description of the
character set. The sample text is 10-point text with 12-point line spacing.
The following five characters are in all the available fonts, except Symbol.
However, none of the character encodings have codes for these characters:

Scaron
scaron

Zcaron
zcaron

trademark

Fonts

A-1

Figure A-1:

ITC Avant Garde
10 point text on 12 point linespacing

AvantGarde-Book

Each single letter is a small, well-balanced
figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter
rests complete in itself.
- Romano Guardini

AvantGarde

The contemporary typographer regards his
work from the design point of view and
concentrates on the true essence of his task,
to create graphic design.
- Emerich Kner

AvantGarde-Demi

Machines exist; let us then exploit them
to create beauty - a modern beauty,
while we are about it. For we live in the
twentieth century.
- Aldous Huxley

AvantGarde
-DemiOblique

Neither may the clarity of the single
lefter be given up for the sake of rhythm,
nor may formal beauly be sacrificed to
mere clarity or misconceived utility.
- Walter Tiemann

-BookOblique

8point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the stream

9point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with th

10point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended w

11point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely ble

12point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely

upont

1NE graphic signs called lefters are so com

s 1NE graphic signs called letters o

«ee 1NE Qraphic signs called |
A-2

Fonts

Figure A-1

(Cont.):

ITC Avant Garde

abcdefghijkimnopagrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y2Va¥a
c‘:zéuqqq".’ngé’éééfil’[fi6(6666._50‘OQOW?’(i5-‘39

AAAAAACEEEEININOOOOOSUTUUYYZ

tedpBt@Dbecefil £CE(_@&TF§HNO®RTM
++=—-— — 0SC¥Ef<-* /[| 1 \A#>%~%o0
N e O~
W

(o)

«?Ine¢, " M

[PV

{7,

123

AnIS

abcdefghijkimnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V2 Ya%
agdaadagéééeiin 66606s5aauuyyz (j¢°°

AAAAAACEEEEINTINOOOOOSUOUUYYZ

1tedpBtdPbceceiiACE(_R&TFS)O®TM|123
t4+=—-— — 0SC¥Ef<-*/ /| I \N#>%~%0
wm O
P AN

owa
fo)
«?Inec,
"7, v,
0

7T,

)

abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ '2Ys%

AAAAAACEEEEITTINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

itodpBL@Dbcecefifl £CE(_Q@&TF§])O® TM23
t4=—cm — aBSEC¥ESf<-*/ /1 I\ 2 #>%~%0
«?InCe¢, 7 7 0

."{»uv.,......."..‘...}

abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ '/2Ya%

AAAAAACEEEEIITINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

A (_@&TF§T)O® TMu123
1HedpBLt@DbPecefii

tt=—em — =OSC¥Ef<-*/ /1 I\ 2 #>%~%0
"-}
“?!” .",
o

‘

6593 69

(]

n;:’

’-nu

{"""

~orass

Fonts

A-3

Figure A-2:

Courier
10 point text on 12 point linespacing

Courier

Each single letter is a small,
well-balanced
—

Courier-Oblique

Romano

The

figure

itself.

Guardini

contemporary typographer

regards

point

his

work

from

the

design

of view and concentrates

the

true

create

— Emerich

essence

of his

ARG

task,

graphic design.

Kner
B

Courier-Bold

Machines exist;
exploit

let us then

them to create beauty

- a modern beauty,
are about

it.

while we

For we live in the

twentieth century.
— Aldous Huxley

Courier

Neither may the clarity of the

-BoldOblique

single letter be

sake of rhythm,

given

up for the

nor may formal

beauty
be sacrificed to mere

clarity or misconceived utility.
- Walter Tiemann

A-4

Fonts

8point

The graphic signs

8point

The

graphic

called letters

10point

The

graphic

11point

The

graphic

12point

The graphic signs called letters

14pint.

The

xwm

1€

signs

called

signs

called

signs

graphic

completely blended w

are

letters

are

called

signs

graphic

are

letters

called

signs

graphic

completely bl

complete

are

com

are so c

letters

called

signs

Figure A-2

Courier

(Cont.):

1234567890

abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %lU%
485338¢cé88811110608088uGUNYyYZ [j¢22]

11285pREPPPecfiflEE (_R&1t+ST) O®TMp? 23
t4+=——-— — nSCY¥LEf<-* ~ /| I\"#>%~%
|

A\ /4

abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %#%%
adaddaadcéééeéeiiiinédsdbodbsaauuyyz [jecé9e]
27
E(
OOTMMy’
eaiff
1100pBEOPPR&t#ST)
F4+=——— — =BSC¥Ef<-* -~ [\ "#>%~%
~
” N A e
-~
S o o o
!
W /7
((?!))’ o) ’(’,
"’Of""'>uun{
"
‘;' }

abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ¥4%
ddaddacéééeiiiindooodssuatuuyyz [j¢82]

AARAAXCERERELTIINOO0O00SGOTUYYZ

1220pBLIDPxcfiflEE (_QR&t++ST)OC®TMpu! 23
t4=—== — RSCY¥EF<-* ~ /| I\ *#>%~%
9'

(o]

\ WY

\ 7

0 o

. w v

abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
%#%k%
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWNXYZ
d8dadacéééeéiiiindooodsutuuyyz [jc82]

UU
AAAAAACEEEETLTIRO6600SGOYYZ

(
OTMy 127
ilEE
_RC&1#ST)
120 0pBLODPx

Fb=——e= =
«<K7!2» .<ff
9’

‘a

RS¢Y¥E£fF<-*

/7”7

\ W 4

LAA 4

~ [/ \*#>%8~%

)'"{

”

[T I

¢
Fonts

}
A-5

Figure A-3:

Helvetica
10 point text on 12 point linespacing

Helvetica

Each single letter is a small, well-balanced
figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter
rests complete in itself.
— Romano Guardini

Helvetica-Oblique

The contemporary typographer regards his

work from the design point of view and
concentrates on the true essence of his task,

to create graphic design.
— Emerich Kner

Helvetica-Bold

Machines exist; let us then exploit them
to create beauty — a modern beauty,
while we are about it. For we live In the
twentieth century.
— Aldous Huxley

Helvetica
-BoldOblique

Neither may the clarity of the single
letter be given up for the sake of rhythm,

nor may formal beauty be sacrificed to

mere clarity or misconceived utility.
- Walter Tiemann
8point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the stream of writ

9point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the strea

1opoint

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with t

11point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended w

1zpoit

The graphic signs called letters are so completely ble

14pomt

T he graphic signs called letters are so comple

w1 N€ graphic signs called letters are s

« 1N€ graphic signs called le
A-6

Fonts

HETPINL

Figure A-3

(Cont.):

Helvetica

abcdefghijkimnopqgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V2434
aadaadcééeeiiinodoooosaauuyyz [j¢2°]

AAAAAACEEEEITINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

1tedpBLOD
P cefif EE( @8&11§])©®TMp123

t4=—-— — -.n$¢¥£f< * //I'\"#>%
~ %o
«?!»"M,“" ) -

{rEY AmeRes '"}

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V2Va%
dddaaaceééeiiiinoododsuaiuyyz [j¢ 2%

AAAAAACEEEEIITINOOOOO UUUUYYZ

1o 8p BLODPascefifl £ CE(_ @&r¢§1[)mu123

Ft=—-— — -m$¢¥£f< "’///, "#> %~
~%o

«?»° ‘n ;3 sy
®

{

}

abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1 234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V1%
addaaaceééeiiiinoooodsuaiauyyz [1¢29]

AAAAAACEEEEIIINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

HodpBLODP2cfifl
EE( @&T1§])O®TMp123
tpz—-— — nPe¥Ef<* //I'\A#>%~%a

«?1»° "”“”s“ ;'a'”’..u{ T ~}

abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %%%
éfiéééégééééfliifiéébbééfifiuuyyf [ié29]

AAAAAACEEEEIIINOOOOOSUOUUYYZ

HobpBLODPacefifl/EE( @&TE§T)O®TMu123
thzme—e — 0$C¥Ef< "’//I,’\"#:-% %o
«?!»O."’ "‘!”l!.;:, "','..{lwv PYIYRYfl'}

Fonts

A-7

Figure A-4:

ITC Lubalin Graph
10 point text on 12 point linespacing

LubalinGraph-Book

Each single letter is a small, well-balcnced
figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter
rests complete in itself.
- Romamo Guardini

LubalinGraph
-BookOblique

The contemporary typographer regards his
work from the design point of view and

concentrates on the true essence of his task,
to create graphic design.
|
- Emerich Kner

LubalinGraph-Demi

Machines exist; let us then exploit them
to create beauty - a modemn beauty,
wh
weil
are about
e
it. For we live in the
twentieth century.
- Aldous Huxley

LubalinGraph
-DemiOblique

Neither may the clarity of the single
letter be given up for the sake of rhythm,
nor may formal beauty be sacrificed to
mere clarity or misconceived utility.
- Walter Tiemann

~ 8point

The graphic signs called letters are so wmplétaly blended with the strea

9point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with t

1opoint

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended w-

11point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely ble

1zpont

The graphic signs called letters are so completel

upont

1NE graphic signs called letters acre so co

s 1NE grapPhic signs called letters a

«on 1NE graphic signs called
A-8

Fonts

Figure A-4

(Cont.):

ITC Lubalin Graph

abcdefghijklmnopqgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ YaYa¥%

Gadadaceeeiiiinocooosauuyyz [i;:]

AAAAAACEEEEIIINOOOOOSUIUUUYYZ

1B RLBDPascefifl ECE(_@&T$§T)©®TM1123

tt=—em — OFCH¥S </ /|
;

WK N,

}

]
|

I\NA#>%~%o0
|

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y2¥a%

AAAAAACEEEEIIINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

1leSbREGPPcecefil
ECE(_ @& T+§T)©®TM
(1123
th=—a — —O$EXEF<*/
/| I \AE>%~%o
{IVV o 888 N N - o...}
. "'}
wa
«?hom, "
.
‘

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y2V %

Gaaaaageeeeiilind560o5autuyy2 [¢*]

AAAAAACEEEEITIINOOOOOSTUUUYYZ

1165 RLODPeceil ECE(_@&TFETNO®TMn123
tt=—em — OSECHELf<*/ /| I \A#>%~%0

«?1y° .‘”m;'u' ;:’m’“.{w - v‘ m...n.n-‘q ~}

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
%%

AAAAAACEEEEITIINOOOOOSTUUUUYYZ

1100pBRLODPece
il EZCE( @&T+#ST)O®TMn123
tt=—ee — OSCHESS"/| I \A#>%~
%0
©

£5yr 82 ,,

«?!» .f” y *)*3 ""{

}
Fonts

A-8

Figure A-5:

New Century Schoolbook
DO

10 point text on 12 point linespacing

- NewCenturySchlbk
-Roman

Each single letter is a small, well-balanced
figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter
rests complete in itself.
— Romano Guardini

NewCenturySchlbk
-Italic

The contemporary typographer regards his
work from the design point of view and
concentrates on the true essence ofhis task,
to create graphic design.
— Emerich Kner

NewCenturySchlbk Machines exist; let us then exploit them
-Bold
to create beauty - a modern beauty,
while we are about it. For we live in the
twentieth century.
-~ Aldous Huxley
NewCenturySchlbk
-BoldItalic

Neither may the clarity of the single
letter be given up for the sake of rhythm,
nor may formal beauty be sacrificed to
mere clarity or misconceived utility.
— Walter Tiemann

8point

The graphic signs called letters are so cpmpletely blended with the stream of w

gpoint

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the st

10point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended wit

11point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blende

12point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely bl

14pont

'The graphic signs called letters are so compl

weom 1€ graphic signs called letters ar

..« Lhe graphic signs called 1
A-10

Fonts

Figure A-5

(Cont.):

New Century Schoolbook

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890

ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Yol
%4
dddaaaceéeeeiiiinooooosunaiuyyz [2°

AAAAAACERERIIHINOOOOOSUTUUYYE
11g0pBLODPxcfil EE(_@&Ti§HO®TM1123
o Y

—— -10$¢¥£f<'*//| F NN #> % ~%o0

‘«?!»0 ® (”“”,H.;:,IH)‘.' {/wvbm.”\nm‘om}

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST UVWXYZ YoYa%y
dddagacéééeiiiinédooosuniuyyz [j; %]

AAAAAACEEEEIITINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ
1todpREDPPeefiflEE(_@&T1§T)©O®TMy
123
td=—-— — OPE¥Lf<-* /| 1IN
> %0~ %o
«ZI»C0
T
LT
LT

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %£Y3%

Addaddcéeseiiiiiiédoo68uainyyz 1]

AAAAAACEEREEIITIINOOOOOSUTUUYYZ
1163pBLOPP
il
EE(_@&T§T)O®TM
128
tdz=—-— — OGE¥EF<*/ /1 1\ 2 #>%~%0
o..}

«?1»° .<”un’u‘::,m“ {’W,A m...‘

abcdefghijklmnopqgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Yo1/4%4
' déaa&ageeeeuunooooosuuuuyyz [,3

AAAAAACEEREEIITINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ
zl¢dpfi£flflbwwfiflE®( @& }1§T)O®TMni2s

t4z=—-— — "O$E¢¥Lf<¥ /114 \ A #> % ~%o0

Ao \m‘
«?!‘»D.(”“”"’;., "')‘.. {Iu\:

Fonts

A-11

Figure A-6:

ITC Souvenir
10 point text on 12 poiht linespacing

Souvenir-Light

Each single letter is a small, well-balanced

figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter

rests complete in itself.
— Romano Guardini

Souvenir-Lightltalic

The contemporary typographer regards his
work from the design point of view and

concentrates on the true essence of his task,
to create graphic design.

— Emerich Kner

Souvenir-Demi

Machines exist; let us then exploit them
to create beauty - a modern beauty,
while we are about it. For we live in the
twentieth century.
- Aldous Huxley

Souvenir

Neither may the clarity of the single
letter be given up for the sake of rhythm,
nor may formal beauty be sacrificed to
mere clarity or misconceived utility.
- Walter Tiemann

-Demiltalic

8point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the stream of writte

9point

The graphic signs called letters are so 1ccompletely blended with the stream

10point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the

11paint

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended wi

12point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blend

“upom

The graphic signs called letters are so complete

e | e graphic signs called letters are s

.= 1 he graphic signs called lett
A-12

Fonts

Figure A-6

(Cont.):

ITC Souvenir

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y2l/a%a
rrrrrr

flaabeLEDPaeoefiflfE(E @&figqO@Myizs
t+=—-— — B$E¥EF
<"/ /11 \ A #>%~%0
JNS A 7}
TSI
)

Y4 PAE

abcdefghijklmnopqgrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 121434
dddadacéééefiiinoéséo6suniugyz
[jé*°]

AAAAgA CEEEEIIIINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ

1teopBt. ODPaecefifl £E(_ @&‘I‘i §J)o®TM 123

++=—-—— 0OSC¥E
f<. ¥ //1i \NA#>%~%o0

«?lnCe “7 7 L

T AT)

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 121/334
addaaaceeeeininodooosuniinyyz
[;¢°°]

AAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOO UUUUYYZ

nloabBLflDmefiflE(E(M@&1’#5%)@@’“;1123

t4m—mm — BSC¥EF<-*

7 /1 | \A#>%~%c0

«4’!» Y u”,u! ;."”)‘.'{tvvba \”-‘om}

abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 12Y4%4
aaaadageeeétuméoooosuuuu Z [;¢2°]

AAAAA QEEEEmiNOOOOOS(JUUU?Yz

1103p BLOPP2cefifl EE(_@&++§F)O® TMy 123
e E——— — wu$¢¥£f< */

«PIn®0c,,
O

569

“7, s,
£

frev

/1 I \A#>%~%o

Assesnme

Q »

)

Fonts

A-13

Figure A-7:

Times
10 point text on 12 point linespacing

Times-Roman

Each single letter is a small, well-balanced

figure in itself. There are bad types, too;
however, in a good type-face each letter

rests complete in itself.
— Romano Guardini

Times-Italic

The contemporary typographer regards his

work from the design point of view and

concentrates on the true essence of his task,

to create graphic design.

— Emerich Kner

Times-Bold

Machines exist; let us then exploit them
to create beauty — a modern beauty,

while we are about it. For we live in the
twentieth century.

— Aldous Huxley

Times-Boldltalic

Neither may the clarity of the single
letter be given up for the sake of rhythm,
nor may formal beauty be sacrificed to
mere clarity or misconceived utility.

-~ Walter Tiemann

8 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the stream of written thou

8 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the stream of wr

10 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with the strea

11 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended with t

12 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely blended w

14 point

The graphic signs called letters are so completely b

18 point

The graphic signs called letters are so ¢

[

24 point

A-14

Fonts

The graphic signs called lette

Figure A-7

(Cont.):

Times

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %Y
dadadacéeeeiliinéoooosuaiiuyyz ;2]

AAAAAACEEEEMNIINOOOOOSUOUUYYZ
1160pBLODPzifl EE(_@&T$§])©O®TTMp123
t+=—-— — -OF¢¥L£f<-* / [IN#>%~%0
«I»Ce o]

€9

¢ 9%

7 i

{IUV

Mes o N

Ouv}

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y2%%

dddgaacgééééiiiinooooosuninyyz [; ;%]

AAAAAACEEEEITIINOOOGOOSUUUUYYZ

1HpopSLODPecfilEE( @&TES])O®TTMTMy
123
tt=—e— ARG ¥Lf<-* /|| \NE> D0 ~%0
«?!»Q.(”

66 9 , tl.;:’nl

{wwv‘ Assy

mfln"‘fin}

abcdefghijkilmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ %“%3%

aaddaaacéeééeiiiinéoooosuaaiauyyz [; 2]

AAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOSUUUUYYZ
iHgdpBLODPP2efil
EE( @&Ti§HNO®TM 123

thzmem — REE¥Ef<* / /|\A#>
% ~%0
-

¢9

£ ’wV

Ao\ MNe

abcdefghijklmnopgqrstuvwxyz 1234567890
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Y Y%%
dddadacéééeiiiinooooosunvinyyz [; ;4]

AAAAAACEEEEIITINOOOOOSUOUUYYZ
1odppLODPecefii EE(_@&T1§])O®TMy
123
t4=—ee — OFe¥L£f<-* / /1IN #>% ~ %00
9’

«?In®0q,

€€y

¢y

7,57,

Wil e
Asss

)

Figure A-8:

Symbol

Sample Symbol uses

aR®(bBc)=(a®b)DP(a®c)

YypoI' *P

8”—‘-’-—”1}1}1{1}’1 xlI(1+x)#1)

WE-E)=32|Cn{E} |CN{E}|if &LeLandt #&"
i‘;: Z,HcM
ZWONZ =3

(G#])

proposition

true if and only if

(Fu) s (p)
(Vu) s (~ p)
(Fu) s (~ p)
~((Vu) s (p))

SNT,#Q
SNT,=Q

(@wsE)

SNT, #D
SAT, #J
SNT,=0

kpwzf’ll (at)ml

s+ Vs2—4Au

A-16

Fonts

Figure A-8

(Cont.):

Symbol

12 point

J EERRIIRIEA)
oy SedyNIKALVOTOPSTLOE YL EBOG
ABXAE®IHIKAMNOIIOPETYQ=¥ZY | {4t || | |

—f=~m=<>S
. —+EX+
2AV
o
V3sdNnuococgege TP

ocTolecellale"”ar3Re
D AOBOMPOTMMY][)LLVes o va

#%&*,. 01234567892 FN || —1/

16 point

anSecbfykauvonepctuu)&\uc(pmfig
ABXAE®THIKAMNOIIGPETYQEWYZY
o<
=2=~==<>SZ2AV .. —+EX+

Visonuocpopczeg O@Doo

oceToleocel=le""0r3Rp
L AOPOTMMBPOMTMMYI][)LLVes ¢ va

f\ | | —1/
#9%&+*,. 012345678952

H{H}[H]((\)
| 4
|
J U
LU U

Fonts

A-17

MRS

IS5,

[

Appendix B

The LNO3R includes four encoding vectors: Adobe Standard Encoding,
Symbol Encoding (used only for the Symbol font), ISO Latinl Encoding,
- and DEC MCS Encoding. When you use the extended findfont operator,
which is part of the device control library, these encodings are available.

This appendix describes the encoding vectors on the LNO3R and lists the
characters in each encoding vector in numerical and alphabetical order.
ISO Latin1 Encoding Vector

The ISO Latin Alphabet Number 1 standard (ISO 8859/1) and the 8-bit
ASCII standard (ANSI X3.4-1977 and X3.134.2) both specify the character
set for text and data processing in the languages of western Europe and
the western hemisphere.
The character codes octal 040 through 176 in the ISO Latinl Encoding
vector and Adobe Standard Encoding vector conform to the American
National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), X3.4-1977.
The ASCII Standard permits several choices between coded characters
that look alike, which is especially useful in monospaced fonts. For
proportionally-spaced fonts, you must choose. For example, the ASCII
and ISO standards permit octal 055 to be either hyphen, minus sign, or
both. Also, the ASCII standard permits octal 140 to be left single quotation
mark, grave accent, or both and permits octal 047 to be apostrophe, right
single quotation mark, acute accent, or any combination.

Character codes octal 040 through 176 for the ISO Latinl Encoding vector
are identical to the Adobe Standard Encoding vector, except for character
code 055, which is hyphen in the Standard Encoding vector and is minus
sign in the ISO Latinl Encoding vector. ISO Latinl Encoding has hyphen
at code table position 255 octal. Having both hyphen and minus characters
(with different coding) is more useful than having two hyphen characters.
The character codes octal 240 through 377 in the ISO Latinl Encoding
vector conform to the ANSI and ISO standards. The ANSI and ISO standards are for “final form” interchange with character imaging devices,
such as PostScrirt, where the data is not to be reformatted after interchange. The standards are also for “revisable form” interchange with text
Encoding Vectors

B-1

processing systems, where the data may or may not be reformatted after

interchange.

The characters at octal 240 and 255 are non-breaking space and soft hyphen,
respectively, which have identical presentation, as space (octal 40), and
hyphen. These are for revisable interchange. Therefore, for final form
interchange, such as PostScripT, octal 240 is defined as space (the same as

octal 40), and octal 255 is defined as hyphen.

Note that dotlessi and accents (octal 220 to 237) are not part of the ISO
Latin Alphabet Number 1 or the 8-bit ASCII standards. They are encoded
in the ISO Latinl Encoding vector because PosTScripT requires that
accents and component characters used by encoded composite characters
also occur somewhere in the encoding vector. In other ANSI and ISO
standards, octal 220 to 237 are assigned to control functions, not graphic
characters. However, PostScripT does not include these control functions.

SRR

B-2

Encoding Vectors

Adobe Standard Encoding Vector

f o s elotela’e

Figure B—1

SHNEEREREE

A==R(s|00O~

=©&0Ol]| : v~|r~

‘oS

s»:v‘::L0

L) ‘l’.r et .

atalato
&tate
R v
oolM‘~fl'1‘0.\
ratatets%Foll Wi
ot
fl.fl.k!Po
ote
“‘
hals,

a2atlN

%’

ED D

o, o

Sx
7x

S5x
7x

Encoding Vectors B-3

LKAXnw0mSO.nONSLAR-B.i‘hQanPflRl.-f.llOAOIlnfi¥IRELDgSvAOEOoEF,ESSOINOSS,

B-4

Encod

Vectors

(

\06x

\07x

I1x

\23x

\27x

u2rs:

KR SRt AN

\O5x

RRNRMRSR

gure B-2

XSO,5TlXX RIS:SOO

N ARR PRI
RRlKt& NROLR As eD<E)RAE

STeLWSRLtEOAyHTKQeDTSTRLRUAtIREANKRIGADyt,RNgRESRXeISO,RAeBNK2FR5tyII,MLEHeRSTBes SXeIOtRCEeRKANOSECSBRNUA KRRASTKRNRIyKMKGAWKRASRyEtOgRPDSeLDSeRSGEOtRANNSRIOOR

SSRB RlSEkOS7NNS NoKDOCSoSOaN2eteOSR’,leOeEBSeXARSeO0sNwRe4I&eC,K’0e. DReSLACBRxKT2cNSLO 5os0e5
BK(ue‘3lNSQe'eI!URlSowCl&.IUNfeQltUS‘l5Q%XvusSORTSVeelSiAtwmtNmonO,t0fRlmAfiKo2LSX .NRDeBSeRt, ,NellxXtRsN OQPR:mRqALBR@L««fR(Si‘u‘tt‘SIL‘Inn‘fllyEaffli
eeiLGiXNRfeKOlWKKRSSSNeiWORX'sh4‘RA0%RR-R@&N'&AN*«RR&Re,f50 Et OSwRNSSeSNQSXMKK1W,RLsDLKIWYeR¢tRGARC‘ARlOH‘GIARI¢RyAeSKCMeAIE3mEHfGAKNl5CSOlXTnS1RATSeKARKSRfNNL"SRXRllO‘f&iA!O'NGfN0&LGl0SfI!E,*lNS‘WAfX0XlUiINQ,SI‘fflS%lO&!. LSQlX,ARANRKGRIf!OeIIlXTO"S%’QfR2OlUM'.W@USf:MlN0lwQfOa«iEfftli .
SOLRIN(SCRROERKCGIARRCE 0SODIQ‘SNM!1'LAU1B&«"N1,KT‘G1‘ NOIBBRSBSANRR,R,ySO-D 4
DeLROtKSATaS ISOSSRNB0 XMOISKOOLSAA)ONI ANIDURHE
obtDRnOcSNOOARS SOoRKORCGIEA,NEtNNO 0AACO O 0 RSRBSeROTy0E

Symbol Encoding Vector
TR

\10x
S

\12x

\11x
SRR

\13x
R

\l4x

\16x
Sx

\I7x
SRS

L4
AT

3x
TM

gure B-3

1SO Latin1 Encoding Vector

SRNRSERESESKARROISEONIII,R
sS,R%sx(IBRR(IASN

octal

Qxlfl"fl'.’

R R F FERRS R

aegalale X%35p%u%eat

metulfitfln»
LARLIe )RN IRS

ALRNRS

Reskv eR

OQGRPI e%6xs5Ek3£

iTN,

BsLKRE oNNR(RSl
Slea a SO

0£K T

SNOfWlfidf5lflwh

A
S
L S SOl

wialalelPsO NEet T

& O
ial
ettte *M
'S,
"et
WSS ! :

Cohntatatatntate et

Nt :

",
Pa et e n
& e

eT ToS

Kflfil‘fl R R

SIS

m=Od«n2aw.n‘,oA0 %ey’

SOGD

aTrata

8" s e %e s

RSeSll&wEke JfEifAlSCfAlfEi LNeASWR RS 5e.%5 aSeatyla AOBSRNR,wev oAQKR W‘fikflfil‘.‘i

SO
S

SRNS M2yU A(iRt e SR .x‘w SWSeNDKEXRNT BSPAR,SRBISRt eSEOO0 OSlNSeTareleate¢E,

LSRMY E R AN,

alsS elale!

S5x
\O6x

\O07x

\10x
\llx

[ 2x
\I3x
4x

\I7x

SEuks,SeOtnSern
2x

oEaeto,ta B

S, OGBS
Slatatote RIS R

KL0

)

.fl
Qnfl
K
:

6x
»

1x
2x

1=~

3x
4x

“w

‘*Q

", W

)

22
.

Sy
L

e o
Gs

!
*. e
o
-,

Huke &

SIR, CIA

e2%&olol

"
L
e

R 0 erntatls! SOsseiet yalOs L, SR

ReB

"
*, RN
o IR
LA
o

otywnflf£l‘tl'W W%R‘eSKRN

DEC MCS (DIGITAL Multinational Character Set) Encoding
Vector
Character codes octal 040 through 176 (the ASCII character set) of the
DEC MCS Encoding vector are the same as the ISO Latinl Encoding
vector and, therefore, are the same as the Adobe Standard Encoding,
except for code table position octal 055. Position octal 055 is minus in
ISO Latin1 Encoding and DEC MCS Encoding, but it is hyphen in Adobe
Standard Encoding.
Note that dotlessi and accents (octal 220 to 237) are not part of the
ISO Latin Alphabet Number 1 or the 8-bit ASCII standards. They are
encoded because PosTScrIPT requires that all accents and component
characters used by encoded composite characters also occur somewhere
in the encoding vector. In ANSI and ISO standards, octal 220 to 237 are
assigned to control functions, not graphic characters. However, POSTScrIPT
does not include these control functions.

B-6

Encoding Vectors
R

DEC MCS (DIGITAL Muitinational Character Set)

Figure B-4

Encoding Vector

ESENSL

oSoeae RSNtetestasA0 X AREK
etLReteltets MWSM?%HYE, eoTasTealaB
SR eBH)LSRS, Lo SOSR
e,
XRERIGS GtS

¥;

elWD SeO Sy

)

O LN
*

‘lflt=‘l’fl

Rqulficm O 0
SO SOSOG
oiGOS0tatelale ! aenwtates%eCAXlNeseoate,l%nf lfolSR% Sl LA saeTteye, K LR
RS20
S *,‘,

IR O

e, noape OO0

RK A

SR e

sle
s

BRI
& & £

T s

QAR

¥Qn.',lK."lN
)

EKBR‘I“&#D*Q“
bSetaete DS S fl*&'am fifi,. LNRI
Sl N sQIR SLR SISSKNR ReSleTatal
o& e AN e

AL
aTeathauStle Sl ;lnhwfi A5reteatatsA! LoraiSnOetty etARSO0 S
&. (RN
SRSel -L3 ER05ooSele
SRfSl*l&‘ o R
ek

o .

S, e

ifl'fll““

eliawi‘e&leW! RToeietels!

eiateTets SRS st caTatete KL

eeseTenel tt!‘w‘a0IW

eo%a2t

octal

S5x

\06x

\07x

Ox
Ix
2x

3x
4x

=fl‘fi‘iybmf‘f !eletRerae

i
o,

AN G

fl“fl.‘*lfl‘fiBURSTS st t

LRe
Sx

Q:O'y
“N
o

o"%

SRe e%sse

o a

ot atahsuls!

ey
2ey
WP tatatulate!

b
o

SR,

5
&

o Fock K

[

SO A, %@WJV e2els! s SR
a«hfam O

ARe RS %Uflm

D ERNi

KR LRN

fifi 1\, 23

. NSS

DR elR‘ifl*‘!R,, el ortureTotutel:es

Qlwflfiflfl%"fl.
%%t
e

EO)
T,SO0

RN0,eR

“«
«

6x
»

Ox
Ix

NS4

1=+

3x
4x

=)
E

Vectors

B-7

Table B-1:

octal

char

name

136

asciicircum

271

quotedblbase

137

underscore

272

quotedblright

042

quotedbl

140

quoteleft

273

guillemotright

numbersign

141

274

...

ellipsis

275

perthousand

277

questiondown

301

)

bar

302
303

)

circumflex

asciitilde

304

tilde

exclamdown

305

macron

cent

306

breve

sterling

307

fraction

310

parenleft

175

parenright

176

asterisk

241

plus

242

054

comma

243

055

hyphen

244

056

period

245

057

slash

246

zero

247

053

250

nine

251

072

colon

252

semicolon

253

less

254

075
076

077
100

101

>V H A

074

073

071

equal

255

greater

256

question

257

261

262

263

yen

312

florin

313

section

315

currency

316

quotesingle

317

quotedblieft

320

grave

acute

dotaccent
dieresis

ring
cedilla

hungarumlaut

174

ogonek

N
e g
ot

braceright

173

O eunn

052

braceleft

ampersand
quoteright

051

caron

emdash

By
Ao 2

050

172

guillemotleft

341

guilsinglleft

343

ordfeminine

guilsinglright

350

Lslash

351

Oslash

352

047

dollar
percent

endash

353

ordmasculine

dagger

361

daggerdbl

365

dotlessi

PR T

046

A B

044

space

exclam

PR
n

040

045

Encoding Vectors

name

041

043

B-8

char

name

B -~

char

K N

octal

Characters Listed in the Order of Adobe Standard
Encoding

132

264

periodcentered

133

370

Islash

bracketleft

266

paragraph

371

oslash

134

backslash

267

bullet

372

135

bracketright

270

quotesinglbase

373

germandbls

octal

char

Phi

144

Gamma

145

PSS ~3320moocm

name

octal

char

name

040

space

106

041

exclam

107

042

universal

110

043

numbersign

111

existential

112

047

suchthat

115

050

parenleft

116

051

parenright

117

052

asteriskmath

120

053

-plus

121

054

comma

122

124

057

slash

125

060

zero

126

Sigma

161

Tau

162

Upsilon

163

sigmal

164

tau

Omega

165

upsilon

166

167

omega

theta

rho
sigma

perpendicular

174

underscore

175

braceright

Delta

140

bracketleft

171

therefore

172

173

radicalex

176

141

alpha

241

142

beta

242

chi

243

143

psi
zeta

braceleft

bar

Beta

170

similar

Alpha

Zeta

omegal

minute

A
I

133

105

omicron
pi

137

less

104

160

136

132

103

157

Rho

congruent

semicolon

101

Theta

mu
nu

question

073

102

156

bracketright

131

100

155

]

130

colon

077

Omicron

kappa

135

nine

072

076

153
154

greater

071

074

Mu
Nu

iota

phil

134

127

075

152

PP NEHNRDN

123

period

151

Lambda

minus

Kappa

gamma

eta

mb
X w >

055

056

150

114

thetal

phi

B €

113

ampersand

147

delta
epsilon

percent

046

146

Iota

name

gt E I

045

“Eta

OH
O CTE

char

Encoding

A MIOOO0ZZ
> RS~T 1O

octal

Characters Listed in the Order of Symbol

Table B-2:

lessequal

Upsilonl

Epsilon

Encoding Vectors

B-9

Table B-2 (Cont.):

name

244
245

char

fraction

302

infinity

303
304
305

250

diamond

306

251

heart

307

spade

310

263

264
265

266
267

270
271

272
273
274

275
276

277

300
301

tH o]

arrowdown

315

degree

316

plusminus

317

second

320

262

313

314

greaterequal

260
261

arrowup

arrowright

multiply

W R

257

311

312

proportional

255
256

arrowboth

arrowleft

bullet

M
H +

253

254

divide

326

notequal

327

equivalence

330

approxequal

331

ellipsis

332

arrowvertex

333

arrowhorizex

334

carriageretum

335

aleph

336

Ifraktur

337

w=xt
| —:

252

DT 1 » @

florin
club

247

321
322
323

partialdiff

324
325

=) =210 <>

246

octal

2 EO@ANR
M NNANUCOOORD 3

char

< §

octal

Characters Listed in the Order of Symbol
Encoding
name

octal

char

name

Rfraktur

340

lozenge

weierstrass

341

angleleft

circlemultiply

342

registersans

circleplus

343

copyrightsans

emptyset

344

trademarksans

intersection

345

summation

union

346

parenlefttp

propersuperset

347

parenleftex

reflexsuperset

350

parenleftbt

bracketlefitp

notsubset

351

propersubset

352

bracketleftex

reflexsubset

353

bracketleftbt
bracelefttp

element

354

notelement

355

braceleftmid

angle

356

braceleftbt
braceex

gradient

357

registerserif

361

angleright

copyrightserif

362

integral

trademarksenif

363

integraltp

product

364

integralex

365

integralbt

dotmath

366

logicalnot

parennighttp

367

parennightex

logicaland

370

parenrightbt

logicalor

371

bracketrighttp

arrowdblboth

372

bracketrightex

bracketrightbt

arrowdblleft

373

arrowdblup

374

bracenghttp

arrowdblright

375

bracerightmid

arrowdbldown

376

bracerightbt

SRR

B-10

Encoding Vectors
s

Characters Listed in the Order of ISO Latin1
Encoding

space

101

041

exclam

042

quotedbl

132

043

numbersign

133

044

dollar

134

hungarumlaut

236

ogonek

bracketleft

237

caron

backslash

240

space

bracketright

241

asciicircum

242

136

047

quoteright

137

underscore

243

050

parenleft

140

quoteleft

244

051

parenright

141

245

055

174

056

175

057

176

060

220

bar

251

braceright-

252

asciitilde

253

dotlessi

254

grave

255

exclamdown

currency
yen

cent

sterling

brokenbar

section
dieresis

ordfeminine
guillemotleft
logicalnot
hyphen

222

acute

256

072

223

circumflex

257

073

224

tilde

260

degree

225

macron

breve -

262

W !+'

plusminus

226

227

dotaccent

263

registered

071

threesuperior

230

dieresis

264

221

250

braceleft.

oo o

173

247

comma

054

172

Jonk

asterisk
plus

246

053

> e

135

ampersand

cedilla

R o

233

percent

052

name

235

046

045

char

R o~

040

octal

name

char

tem == o

octal

char

N ¢

name

octal

@
1 a2 =0

Table B-3:

acute

232

ring

074

075

076

077
100

® >VIl A -

261

macron

twosuperior

Encoding Vectors

B-11

penodcentered

320

270

cedilla

321

271

onesuperior

322

272

ordmasculine

323

273

guillemotright

324

274

onequarter

325

275

onehalf

326

276

threequarters

327

277

questiondown

330

Agrave

331

) (Y e 1 Bt B D

Aacute

332

302
303
304
305

306
307

311
312

313
314
315

— e [TE U ITh

310

Acircumflex

333

Atilde

334

Adieresis

Aring

347

350

Eth

351

Ntilde

352

ccedilla
eacute

ecircumflex

Ograve

353

Oacute

354

igrave

Ocircumflex

355

iacute

Otilde

356

Odieresis

357

mulaply

360

Oslash

361

Ugrave

362

Uacute

363

edieresis

icircumflex
idieresis

eth
ntilde
ograve

oacute

Ucircumflex

364

ocircumflex

Udieresis

365

otilde

335

Yacute

366

336

Thom

367

337

germandbls

370

Ccedilla

340

Egrave

341

Eacute

342

Ecircumflex

343

Edieresis

344

Igrave

345

Iacute

346

agrave

371

aacute

372

acircumflex

373

atilde

374

adieresis

375

aring

376

377

301

egrave

Icircumflex

Idieresis

300

name

odieresis
divide

oslash
ugrave

CTECEDE

267

char
OO

317

paragraph

octal

316

266

265

name

char

octal

name

char

octal

Characters Listed in the Order of I1SO
Latin1 Encoding

COCCOAX COO0OOCOZtY
-

Table B-3 (Cont.):

uacute

ucircumflex

udieresis
yacute

thom
P

B-12

Encoding Vectors
A

Table B—-4:

Characters Listed in the Order of DEC MCS

name

octal

char

040

space

076

041

exclam

077

042

quotedbl

100

043

numbersign

101

>0 oV

Encoding

044

dollar

224

tilde

225

macron

226

breve

227

dotaccent

230

dieresis

232

ring

ampersand

133

bracketleft

233

cedilla

quoteright

134

backslash

235

hungarumlaut

135

bracketright

236

ogonek

parenrnight

136

asciicircum

237

137

underscore

241

minus

172

247

245

056

period

057

slash

173

braceleft

250

060

Zero

174

bar

251

175

braceright

252

253

176

072

220

~dotlessi

260

073
075

colon
semicolon

221

grave

261

less

222

acute

262

equal

223

circumflex

263

074

nine
-

071

055

K th 6~

243

242

section

= O

quoteleft

141

140

comma

053

caron

exclamdown
cent

sterling
yen

currency

ordfeminine
guillemotleft

plus

054

052

e A~

132

percent

asterisk

051

name

greater

parenleft

050

char

question

047

octal

degree

W M

046

name

plusminus

045

char

R Re

octal

threesuperior

twosuperior

265
266
267

name

octal

char

316

paragraph

317

periodcentered

321

271

onesupernior

322

272

ordmasculine

323

274
275

B XK

273

300

301
302

303
304
305
306

(B e B Dt 3o B D

277

310
311
312

313

314
315

e [T D ITh T

307

guillemotright

324

onequarter

325

onehalf

326

questiondown

327

Agrave

330

Aacute

331

Acircumflex

332

Atilde

333

Adieresis

334

Aring

335

337

Ccedilla

340

Egrave

341

Eacute

342

Ecircumflex

343

Edieresis

344

Igrave

345

Iacute

346

name

octal

char

name

%:fi:fi&:*&g&Q&&Q’Bt-:t-an\—ffi:m&wm B

char

Characters Listed in the Order of DEC
MCS Encoding

Bt
OR OO0
2 —

octal

L
T -~

Table B-4 (Cont.):

Icircumflex

346

Idieresis

347

Ntilde

350

Ograve

351

Oacute

352

Ocircumflex

353

Otilde

354

Odieresis

355

356

Oslash

357

Ugrave

361

Uacute

362

Ucircumflex

363

Udieresis

364

Ydieresis

365

germandbls

366

agrave

367

aacute

370

acircumflex

371

atilde

372

adieresis

373

aring

374

375

ccedilla
egrave

eacute

ecircumflex
edieresis

igrave

iacute

icircumflex

idieresis
ntilde
ograve

gacute

ocircumflex

otilde
odieresis
oe

oslash
ugrave

uacute

ucircumflex

udieresis
ydieresis
L

B-14

Encoding Vectors

Table B-5:
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order
encoding

character
Adobe

AE
Aacute
Acircumflex

Adieresis

~ Agrave

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin1

DECMCS

101

A
A
A

341
—
—

e
—
—_

306
301
302

—

300

—

304

—

101

—

—_

Aring

—

305

Atilde
B

A
B

e
102

—
—_—

Beta

102

C
C

103
-

—
o

Alpha

C
Ccedilla
Chi

Delta
E

303
102

—

—_—

103
307

—

—_

——

103

104

—

104

A
E

—
105
—
—_

104
—

—
105
311
312

_—

—

310

Eacute
Ecircumflex
Edieresis

E
E
E

Epsilon
Eta
Eth
F
G
Gamma

E
H
b
F
G
r

Egrave

303
102

—

—
e
—

e
—
106
107
—

105
110
—_
—
—_
107

313

—
—_—
320
106
107
—

—
—_
—
106
107
e

Encoding Vectors

B-15

‘Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe
Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin1

DECMCS

110

—

110

111

—

111

Iacute

—_—

315

—

316

Idieresis

316

—

317

Ifraktur

317

301

—

Igrave

—

314

Iota

111

Icircumflex

314

—

112

—

113

Kappa

113

—

114

Lambda

114

—

115

114

Lslash
115

—

116

—

321

116

—

117

327

Oacute

—

323

Ocircumflex

—_—

324

Odieresis

324

—

326

322

Ograve

—_

322

Omega

127

Omicron

117

323

B-16

Encoding Vectors

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatint

DECMCS

Oslash

(%)

351

—

330

Otilde

—

325

120

Phi

—

106

—

Pi
Psi

IT
b4

o
-

120
131

—
—

—_
—

121

122

Rfraktur

Rho

R
P

e
S

302
122

—
—

e
—

123

Scaron

—

—_

Sigma

—

123

—

T
Tau
Theta
Thom
U

T
T

124
e

S
124

124
—

121

—_—

—

—_

336

125

——

125

o
125

Uacute
Ucircumflex
Udieresis

U
0
18]

—
—
e

—
—
—

332
333
334

Upsilon

125

—

241

—

Upsilonl
\"
W
X

A"
W

126
127

—
e

126
127

130

—

130

Ugrave

—

331

331
.

Encoding Vectors

B-17

Table B-5 (Cont.):

name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding

Adobe

Standard

Symbol

ISOL atin1

DECMCS

—

130

—

_—

131

—

131

Yacute

—

335
_

—

Ydieresis

—

335

132

Zcaron

_—

132

Zeta

132

—

—_

141

aacute

341

acircumflex

—

342

acute

’

302

222
344

—

_—

222
344

361

—_

346

agrave

340

aleph

300

—_

—_—

adieresis
ae

—

—
-

—

alpha

—_

141

—

ampersand

046

angle

320

046
—

angleleft

{

341

—_

—

angleright

)

—

361

approxequal

—

273

—

—_—

aring

arrowboth

—

253

345

arrowdblboth

—

333

—

arrowdbldown

337

—

arrowdblleft

334

—

—_

arrowdblright

—

336

_—

—

J—

B-18

Encoding Vectors

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

encoding

character

arrowup

arrowvertex

asciicircum
asciitilde

asterisk

arrowright

——

—~

arrowleft

335
257

—

—_

arrowhornizex

DECMCS

276

—

——

254

—

——

256

—

255

—

275

—

136

176

—

052

> —=01 7T

arrowdown

ISOL atin1

arrowdblup

Symbol

Adobe
Standard

asteriskmath

052

—

—_—

100

atilde

—

343

142

backslash

—

134

bar

174

beta

142

——

—_

braceex

357

—_

braceleft

173

braceleftbt

356

—_

—

braceleftmid

355

—

bracelefttp

354

braceright

175

bracerightbt

376

—_

—_—

bracerightmid

375

—_

bracerighttp

374

—_—

bracketleft

133

Encoding Vectors

B-19

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding

Adobe

bracketleftbt

bracketleftex
bracketlefttp
bracketright
bracketrightbt
bracketrightex

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin 1

DECMCS

—

353

—

|
[

—
—

135
—
—

—
—

135
373
372

—
—

]
J
|

352
351

135
—
—

135
—
—_

bracketrighttp

breve

306

226

brokenbar

246

—_

bullet

267

143

—

371

—

caron

317

—

237

carnagereturn

277

—

ccedilla

347

—

cedilla

313

—

233

cent

242

chi

143

—

circlemultiply

—

304

—

circleplus

—

305

—

circumflex

303

club

223

—

247

—

colon

072

comma

072

054

congruent

100

—

251

copyrightsans

343

copyrightserif

—

323

—
-—

—
—

B-20

Encoding Vectors

Table B-5 (Cont.):

encoding

character

DECMCS

244

250

—

144

260

—

230

ISOLatin1

250

Symbol

144

dagger

—+

Adobe
Standard

262

name

Characters Listed in Aiphabetical Order

263

currency

260

delta

OO0

144
250

divide

044

227

dotlessi

—

220

dotmath

327

—

&» O ©

044

145

351

—

352

367

353

oo o

270

350

070

dollar

310

Qti

dieresis

diamond

degree

daggerdbl

316

274

—

306

—

dotaccent

eacute

ecircumflex
edieresis
egrave

eight

element
emdash
emptyset

endash

epsilon
equal

equivalence

mon
e Q|

ellipsis

145

—

075

272

Encoding Vectors

B-21

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding

exclam

150

—

360

germandbls

044

—_—

—

146

065

g
gamma

241

146

fraction

041

241

256

florin
four

041

—

065

B Y

five

041

241

246

064

244

—

147
373

Encoding Vectors

r
WV

255
150

254

hungarumlaut

273

heart
hyphen

B-22

guilsinglright
h

guilsinglleft

253

guillemotleft

guillemotright

076

greaterequal

301

greater

257

gradient
grave

DECMCS

041

= 0

existential

exclamdown

ISOLatin1

eth

Symbol

= o

Adobe
Standard

eta

147

337

321

064
147

337

—

221

076

263

—

253

273

150

—

150

251

—

315

235

055

—

255

235

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

|
Adobe

encoding

Standard

Symbol

ISOL atin1

DECMCS

151

iacute

355

icircumflex

—_

—

356

idieresis

357

igrave

—

354

infinity

245

—

integral

—

362

—

364

—

307

integralbt

integraltp

(

integralex

intersection

—

365

363

—

—
——

iota

151

—_

—_—

152

153

—

153

kappa

—

153

—

154

—

154

lambda

—_

154

less

074

lessequal

243

—

logicaland

—

331

—

logicalnot

—

330

254

—

logicalor

—

332

—

lozenge

340

—

370

—

155

—

155

macron

305

—

225

minus

055

Islash
m

Encoding Vectors

B-23

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding

numbersign
o

oacute

ocircumflex
odieresis
oe

ogonek
ograve
omega

omegal
omicron
one

onehalf
onequarter

onesupernor
ordfeminine
ordmasculine

X &
O3

265

264

327

265

—

156

071

—
e

ntilde

155

317

notsubset

242

DECMCS

271

33 fQ

notelement
notequal

ISOL atin1

313

361

oo o o0 #£t <

nine

Symbol

156

—

043

157

—

363

361

043

364

366

—

236

—

362

167

367

multply

N =0
8e8g o-

(-2

minute

Adobe
Standard

166

157

061

275

—

274

—

271

343

353

252

272

B-24

Encoding Vectors

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe

Standard

Symbol

ISOL atin1

DECMCS

oslash

371

—

370

otilde

—

365

160

paragraph

266

—

266

parenleft

(

050

parenleftbt
parenleftex

\
|

—
—

350347

—
e

050

parenlefitp

(
)

051

—

346

parenrightbt

)

—

parenrightex
parenrighttp

l
)

—
—

parenright

051

—

—
e

—

051

370

—

367
366

—_
—

partialdiff

—

266

—

percent

045

period

056

periodcentered

264

—

267

056
267

perpendicular

—

136

—

perthousand

Yoo

275

—

phi

—

146

—

phil

)

—

152

—_

—

160

—

plus

053

plusminus

—

261

product

—

325

—

propersubset

—

314

—

propersuperset

—

311

—

—_—

proportional

265

—

Encoding Vectors

B-25

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin1

—

DECMCS

—

psi

161

171

_—

161

question

077

questiondown

277

quotedbl
quotedblbase
quotedblleft

"
”
“

—
—
—

042
—
_—

042
—_—
—_

quotedblright

”

042
271
252

—

quoteleft

‘

140

quoteright

’

047

o
—

140
047

_—

quotesinglbase
quotesingle

,
'

270
251

e
—

—_
—

—_—
—_

162

radical

326

—

reflexsubset

—

315

—

reflexsuperset

—

312

—

registered

—_

256

_—

—

342

—

registerserif

—_—

322

—

rho

)

162

—

ring

312

—

232

163

—

—_

scaron

second

”

—

section

247

;

073

radicalex

registersans

semicolon

272

—

140

262

—_

—

o
-

—

‘o

B-26

Encoding Vectors

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin1

DECMCS

seven

067

sigma

Lo}

163

sigmal

—

126

—
—

similar

—

176

—_

six

066

slash

space

057

040

252

—

spade

—

sterling

243

—

243

suchthat

047

—_—

summation

)

—

345

—

164

—

164

tau

—

164

—

therefore

—

134

—_—

—

theta

161

—

thetal

r—

112

—

thomn

—_

376

—

three

063

threequarters

——

276

—

threesuperior

—

263

tilde

304

—

224

trademark

—

——

-«-»

trademarksans

—

344

—

trademarkserif

—

324

—

two

062

twosuperior

—

262

165

—

165

Encoding Vectors

B-27

Table B-5 (Cont.):
name

Characters Listed in Alphabetical Order

character

encoding
Adobe

B-28

Standard

Symbol

ISOLatin1

DECMCS

uacute

—

372

ucircumflex

373

udieresis

374

ugrave

371

371
137

underscore

137

union

)

310

—

universal

042

—_

—

upsilon

165

—

166

167

—

weilerstrass

—

303

—

170

—_

170

—

170

“17

—

171

—

yacute

375

ydieresis

¥y

377

375

yen

245

245
172

172

zcaron

—

zero

060

zeta

172

—

Encoding Vectors

Appendix WC

atibilities and Differences: LNO3R
and PRINTSERVER 40
The LNO3R is compatible with the high-speed PrRINTSERVER 40 Laser Print
Server and supports some of the PRINTSERVER 40 features. This appendix
describes the differences and compatibilites between the LNO3R and the
PRINTSERVER 40.

C.1

Virtual Memory
The LNO3R contains 470K bytes of PostScript virtual memory. The
PRINTSERVER 40 contains 1 megabyte of PostScript virtual memory. This
means that a POSTSCRIPT program that runs on the PRINTSERVER 40 may
not run successfully on the LNO3R if the program requires more virtual
memory than is available on the LNO3R.

C.2

Operators
Most PosTScrIPT operators are device-independent. However, to provide

the user with direct access to device-dependent features of print engines,
the base reference portion of the PostScript language have been extended.
PosTScrIPT extensions are device-specific, but have been made as general
as possible to minimize differences between the product-specific Extended
PostScripT language sets.

Some PRINTSERVER 40 operators have no meaning on the LNO3R. The
following PRINTSERVER 40 operators return “undefined” when they are
issued to the LNO3R implementation:

ss: LNO3R and PRINTSERVER 40

C-1

C.3

Table C—-1:

Undefined PrinTServEr 40 Operators

operand

operator

A3TRAY

A4TRAY

A5TRAY

B4TRAY

BSTRAY

DEFAULTOUTPUTTRAY

integer

LEDGERTRAY

LEGALTRAY

LETTERTRAY

integer

SETDEFAULTOUTPUTTRAY

integer

SETDEFAULTPAPERTRAY

integer

SETOUTPUTTRAY

integer

SETPAPERTRAY

11X17TRAY

result

[

Communications Interface
The PrINTSERVER 40 and LNO3R use different interfaces to communicate between the host and the print engine. As a result, different communications
protocols are used.
The PrRINTSERVER 40 is a network-oriented printer that communicates with
one or more clients. The PRINTSERVER 40 uses the LAPS protocol for
messages that are layered on DECNET, since the client and PRINTSERVER 40
are geographically separated.

The LNO3R is connected to the host with an RS-232 interface and uses the

ASCII character set for commands and data. This communications channel
is more limited than the PRINTSERVER 40 and thus is not compatible with it.

C-2

Compatibilities and Differences: LNO3R and PRINTSERVER 40

Appendix D

MS-DO0S and ULTRIX Installations
This appendix describes the procedures for installing and using the LNO3R
in MS-DOS yand ULTRIX environments.

D.1

Using the LNO3R with MS-DOS
Connect the LNO3R to a serial printer port
on the back of the computer. If
the computer is a VAXmate, the printer should be set up for XON/XOFF
protocol. If the computer is an IBM PC, the printer should be set up for
polarity for DTR (Polarity Low is ready). Since the MS-DOS spooler does
not recognize messages sent by the printer, error messages returned to the
host are lost. Thus, if your PostScripT output has an error, you will not
receive the error message. If you select a font that is not available on the
LNO3R, an invalidfont error results.

D.1.1

Using Applications with MS-D0S
Some MS-DOS applications do not support the LNO3R. However, the

LNO3R is similar to the LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus,TM allowing

you to use applications that support those products. When loading your
software application and configuring the LNO3R, select the Laserwriter
or LaserWriter Plus as the printer connected to your VAXmate or PC/AT
clone. Make the same selection for MS-Windows.

If you are using MS-Windows, display the control window on the screen
and add the PSCRPT.DRYV driver to the system. Then return device
control to the PostScripT driver. For applications that do not run under
MS-Windows, use the set-up feature and assign control to a LaserWriter
Plus.

® LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus are trademarks of the Apple Computer Corporation.

The difference between the LNO3R and non-DIGITAL PosTScRIPT printers
is the range of available typefaces. The typefaces normally available with
all PosTScripT pmnters are the following;:
°*

TIMES w1th Roman, Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic

COURIER: with Normal, Oblique, Bold, and Bold Oblique

HELVETICA: with Normal, Oblique, Bold, and Bold Oblique

SYMBOL

In addition to the above, the LNO3R also supplies the following faces:

NEW CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK: with Roman, Italic, Bold, and Bold
Italic

SOUVENIR LIGHT: with Light Italic, Demi, and Deml Itahc

AVANT GARDE BOOK: with Book Oblique, Demi, and Demi Oblique

LUBALIN GRAPH BOOK: with Book Oblique, Demi, and Demi
Oblique

The Laserwriter applications do not support any of the additional faces.
The LaserWriter Plus applications support New Century Schoolbook
Roman and Avant Garde Book (plus some other typefaces not supported
by the LNO3R).

D.1.2

Transmitting Print Requests
Since transmitting a print request can be slow in the MS-DOS environment, the LNO3R displays the transmission status on the front panel. A
flashing controller error with a “6” displayed indicates that the computer
and printer controller are communicating and generating an image. The
printer is active as long as these symbols are displayed. Another indication that the printer is active is that the print spooler icon appears on your
windows screen.
Transmitting print requests that contain graphics produced by a “paint”
program take more time, since a bitmap (rather than image-drawing
directions) is sent to the printer. Bitmaps are up to 900K bytes in size,
and the communications link is 9600-19.2K baud, which accounts for the
delay.

D-2

MS-DOS and ULTRIX Installations

LNO3R with VMS VAXmate Server

The LNO3R can be used on a VAX or MicroVax II system running VMS
and acting as a server for a network of VAXmates or PC clones. To set up
a VMS server for VAXmates, follow these steps:

Install the LNO3R software by the standard procedure (see the
VAX/VMS Software Installation Guide: LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER). Create
generic print queues for PostScrirr and ANSI output with recognizable
names, such as LNO3R$POST and LNO3R$ANSI.

Install the VMS server software by standard procedure. Using PC
ADMIN, add the generic print queues, using the ADD PRINTER
QUEUE menu item.

Create a key diskette for each VAXmate or PC Clone and direct the
printer ports to REMOTE printers on the host system. For instance,

direct LPT1 to LNO3R$POST and LPT2 to LNO3R$SANSI.

When you start up the VAXmate, the initialization process shows each
printer port and the queue on the host system that each is directed
to. Using MS-Windows, bring up the CONTROL panel and, with the
INSTALLATION menu, select ADD NEW PRINTER. Add the PostScript
driver and LAS50 driver to the known drivers in the system. Using the
SETUP menu, select the printer ports. This associates the drivers with the
correct printer port. For instance, associate LPT1 (LNO3R$POST) with the
PostScripT driver and LPT2 (LNO3R$ANSI) with the LA50 driver. The
LAS50 driver outputs ASCII text, which can be printed by the LNO3R's
ANSI translator.
To print using MS-Windows, use the control panel to select the default
printer port. Then when you print files, they are directed to the default
printer port and thus to the correct queue. Many applications that run
under MS-Windows allow you to select the printer, so the default may be
overridden.
For applications not running under MS-Windows, you must select the
printer port using the application’s setup routine.
To print directly from MS-DOS, use the NET PRINT command and direct
the output to the appropriate printer port.

D.3

Using the LNO3R with ULTRIX
The LNO3Ris connected to your system via a serial communication line.
Follow the directions in your ULTRIX installation documentation for
setting up the communications line for a prmter Configure the LNO3R for
XON/XOFF protocol.

D.3.1 The Tm&:mn Application
To use the LNO3R in the ULTRIX environment, you need to use the
TRANSCRIPT application package from Adobe Systems. This package
includes instructions for mstallmg the software, whlch performs the
- following functions:

Provides the communications path between the printer daemon (LPD)

Creates banner pages for files sent to the printer and provides a front
end (enscript) to the LPR command.

Provides filters for converting various formatted output into

and the LNO3R.

AP,

‘PostScrirt, such as DITROFF and ASCIL

Returns error messages from the printer and puts them in a log file.

D-4

MS-DOS and ULTRIX Installations

- Appendix E

Character Bitmap Distribution Format
This document” describes Adobe System’s character bitmap distribution

format, version 2.1. The format is intended to be easily understood by
both humans and computers. The format described is subject to change
without prior notification.
NOTE
This appendix describes the format of tapes obtained from
Adobe Systems, Inc. Tapes obtained from other sources may
have different formats.

E.1

Tape Format
Each tape is 1600 bpi, nine track, unlabeled, and contains two or more
files. Each file is followed by an EOF mark. The last file on the tape is
followed by two EOF marks. Physical records contain 512 bytes. The last
physical record in a file (preceding an EOF mark) may contain fewer than
512 bytes.
Each file is encoded in the printable characters (octal 40 through 176) of
USASCII plus carriage return and linefeed. Each file consists of a sequence
of variable-length lines. Each line is terminated by a carriage-return (octal

015) and line-feed (octal 012). The first file on the tape is the Adobe
Systems Copyright notice, followed by font files. The format of font files
is described in the following sections.
NOTE

Font tapes may also be obtained in UNIX" tar format. Be sure
to specify tar format if desired. No other tape formats are
currently supported by Adobe Systems.

* Cfif)&right Adobe Systems, Inc. Reprinted by permission.
*U
is a registered
trademark of American Telephone & Telegraph Company.

E.2

File Format
Character bitmap information will be distributed in an USASCII encoded,
human readable form. The information about a particular family and
face at one size and orientation will be contained in one file. The file
begins with information pertaining to the face as a whole, followed by the
information and bitmaps for the individual characters.
A font bitmap description file has the following general form, where each
item is contained on a separate line of text in the file. Items on a line are
separated by spaces.
1.

The word STARTFONT followed by a version number, indicating the
exact file format used. The version described here is number 2.1.

One or more lines beginning with the word COMMENT. These lines
may be ignored by any program reading the file.

The word FONT followed by the family name and the face name,
separated by a hyphen.
The word SIZE followed by the point size of the characters, the x
resolution and y resolution of the device for which these characters
were intended.

The word FONTBOUNDINGBOX followed by the width in x, height
in y, and the x and y displacement of the lower left corner from the
origin. (See the examples in Section E.4.)

Optionally the word STARTPROPERTIES followed by the number of
properties (p) that follow.

Then come p lines consisting of a word for the pmpérty name followed by either an integer or string surronded by quotedbl (042).
Internal quotedbl characters are indicated by using two in a row.

The property section, if it exists, is terminated by ENDPROPERTIES.
The word CHARS followed by the number of character segments ¢
that follow.

10. Then come ¢ character segments in the following format:
a.

The word STARTCHAR followed by up to 14 characters (no
blanks) of descriptive name of the glyph.

The word ENCODING followed by a positive integer representing
the Adobe Standard Encoding value. If the character is not
a member of the Adobe Standard Encoding, ENCODING is
followed by -1 and an optional integer specifying the glyph index.

E-2

Character Bitmap Distribution Format
ST

The word SWIDTH followed by the scalable width in x and y of
character. Scalable widths are in units of 1/1000th the size of
the character. If the size of the character is p points, the width
information must be scaled by p/1000 to get the width of the
character in printer’s points. This width information should
be considered as a vector indicating the position of the next
character’s origin relative to the origin of this character. To
convert the scalable width to the width in device pixels, multiply
SWIDTH times p/1000 times r/ 72 where r is the device resolution
in pixels per inch. The resultis a real number giving the ideal
print width in device pixels. The actual device width must of
course be an integral number of device pixels andis given in the
next entry.

The word DWIDTH followed by the width in x and y of the character in device units. Like the SWIDTH, this width information
is a vector indicating the position of the next character’s origin
relative to the origin of this character.
The word BBX followed by the width in x (BBw), height in y (BBh)
and x and y displacement (BBox, BBoy) of the lower left corner
from the origin of the character.

The optional word ATTRIBUTES followed by the attributes as 4
hex-encoded characters. The interpretation of these attributes is
undefined in this document.
g.

The word BITMAP.

h lines of hex-encoded bitmap, padded on the right with zeroes to
the nearest byte (i.e., multiple of 8).

The word ENDCHAR.

11. The fileis terminated with the word ENDFONT.

E.3

Metric Information
Figures E-1 and E-2 best illustrate the bitmap format and character metric
information.

Character Bitmap Distribution Format

E-3

Figure E-1:

Example of a Descender

BBw
N

BBoy

BBh|

A 4

Bitmap

Distribution

Format

Figure E-2:

Example with the Origin Outside the Bounding
Box

.._)BBox

EBB E
W

BBoy

E.4

An Example File

]

The following is an example of a bitmap file containing the specification of

two characters (j and quoteright).”
STARTFONT 2.1

COMMENT This is a sample font in 2.1 format.
FONT Helvetica-Bold

SIZE 8 200 200

FONTBOUNDINGBOX 9 24 -2 -6
STARTPROPERTIES 2
MinSpace 4

STARTCHAR j
ENCODING 106

SWIDTH 356 O
DWIDTH 8 O
BBX 9 22 -2 -6

BITMAP
0380

0380
0380

0380
I

0700

[

* Helvetica is a registered trademark of Allied Corporation.

E-6

Character Bitmap Distribution Format

ENDCHAR
STARTCHAR quoteright
ENCODING 39
SWIDTH 223 0
DWIDTH 6 O

BBX 4 6 2 12
ATTRIBUTES 01CO
BITMAP

70
70

EO
Cco

ENDCHAR

ENDFONT

DRHES:

BRI

Glossary

bitmap A digitized image that can be stored, transmitted, and reproduced.
composite character A character that is made up of two or more other characters. For example, an accented letter is a composite character.

Ethernet A local area network that uses coaxial cable as a passive communication
medium to connect different types of computers, printer products, and office
equipment at a site.

encoding vector The association between character codes and character descriptions. An encoding vector on the LNO3R is a 256-element array, indexed by
character code. The elements of the array are character names.

font The artistic representation of a typeface that describes a set of characters by
point size, weight, and style.

font file A data file that contains information used to reproduce a font.
host The computer that provides services and enables start up and management
of the peripheral devices, such as printers.

initialize To set counters, switches, addresses, or contents of memory to 0 or
other starting values at the beginning of, or at prescribed points in, a computer
routine.

interpreter A program in the printer that converts data for imaging data syntax,
such as text or graphics, into a bitmap.

kerning Subtracting the space between characters.
language extensions PosTScripT operators and objects added to the standard
PosTScriPT operators and objects in a specific implementation of the PosTScript
interpreter. These extensions control the system parameters for that type of
PosTScRIPT printer.

line A physical communications path.

name A descriptive identifier (ASCII string) that is associated with a subject or

object in the system.

network A group of computers that are connected by communications lines to
share information and resources.

T
e

object type of extensions PostScripT language extensions can be of type
operator, integer or string. See the PostScript Language Reference Manual for
more information.

operator A built-in PostScrirT language object that performs operation. An operator, when invoked, can result in data being manipulated, system parameters

being modified, and/or sheets being printed.

persistent parameters System parameters that remain unchanged across

PosTScrIPT print jobs. These parameters are stored in nonvolatile memory and
therefore are maintained even when power is removed from the printer.

—

o
—

printer controller firmware The software that interprets the data in a print

request according to a specified data syntax, builds bitmaps of each page to

be printed, and forwards the bitmaps to the print engine that produces the
hard-copy output.

printer software The software that handles the communications among the process that makes a print request (terminal), the process that provides resources (a
host), and the process that performs the printing service (a print queue).

print spooler A feature that enables a computer to maintain a print queue and
print documents while performing other computer tasks.

privilege The level of system access allowed to a user.
system parameter Values maintained within the PostScrirT interpreter and

used by the PostScripT interpreter to control various system-specific features.
These features are related to the print engine model and the type of communication interface between the printer and the host. Also see persistent

parameters and volatile parameters.

translator A program that changes data into a form that can be used by the
printer.
user The person who initiates requests for services. These requests are handled
by the host, which forwards them to the appropriate queue.

Glossary-2

[

—

volatile parameters System parameters that stay in effect for one PosTScript
print job. At the end of the print job, volatile parameters revert to their default

values.

Glossary-3

ORI

[

closefile operator
restriction ® 6-4

A
Adobe bitmap

example file ® E-6
file format ® E-2
metric information ® E-3
tape format ®*E-1
Ancillary interfaces ® 1-5
Application programs ® 1-5
TRANSCRIPT ®D-4
with MS-DOS ¢ D-1
with ULTRIX ® D-4

Communications Interface ® C-2
Composite characters ®4-10
Context layer ® 6-2
Context state
current ® 6-2
preserving ® 6-3

Coordinate system positioning ® 2-9
Coordinate system unit size ® 2-9
copypage operator ® 5-3
Current context ® 6-2

Automatic Spacing® 5-2

banddevice operator
restriction ® 6-4

bind operator ® 5-2

Character bitmap distribution format ® E-1
Character encoding
encoding vectors ® B-1
Character metrics section ® 4-7
Character set
control characters ® 6-12

defaultjobtimeout operator ® 3-4
Default timeouts ® 2-11
defauittimeouts operator ® 3-5
Device controller® 1-4

Device control modules ® 6-1
POSTSCRIPT operators® 6-2
PRINT command parameters ® 6-1
redefining POSTSCRIPT operators ® 6-2
Device-dependent programs ® 6-3
Dictionary stack
limit to entries ® 6-9
dostartpage operator ® 3-6

printable ®6-13

checkpassword operator ® 3-3
clear operator

restriction ® 6-4
Clipping values ® 2-9

eescratch operator ® 3-7
eexec operator ® 3-8
Encoding vectors ® 2-12, B-1
Adobe Standard Encoding ® B-1

Index-1

Encoding vectors (cont’d.)

DEC MCS ®B-6
examples ® 2-12
ISO Latin1®B-4

Symbol ® B-9
erasepage operator

restriction ® 6-4

Interactive mode ® 2-5

J
jobname operator ® 3-13
jobtimeout operator ® 3-14

executive operator ® 3-9
exitserver operator ® 3-10

Kerning data section ® 4-8

findfont operator ® 6-9

Font metrics ® 4-1

character metrics ® 4-7

Layering ® 6-2

composite character section®4-10

Limit to entries

file format® 4-3

sample ® 4-3

dictionary stack ® 6-9
Limit to use

file names ® 4-1

gsave ® 6-9

global font keys ® 4-5

Polygon fill ® 6-9

kerning data section ® 4-8

Fonts
global font keys ® 4-5
numbers foridlescan conversion ® 2-7
framedevice operator

restriction ® 6-4

quit operator ® 6-10

start®6-10
vmstatus ® 6-10

LNO3R
application programs ® 1-5
compatibility with LPS40® C-1

hardware ® 1-2
LNO3R software® 1-5

LPS40

Global section®4-5
gsave

compatibilities with LNO3R® C-1
differences with LNO3R ® C-1

limit to use ® 6-9
T

Margins
Host system hardware requirements ® 1-4

paper ® 2-9
margins operator ® 3-15

MS-DOS
connecting the LNO3R®D-1
idlefonts operator® 3-11
initclip operator

restriction ® 6-4
initgraphics operator

restriction ® 6-5
initmatrix operator
restriction ® 6-5

2-Index

installations ® D-1

LNO3R applications ® D-1
Transmitting Print Requests ® D-2

MS~Windows ® D-1
multiple copies ® 5-4

POSTSCRIPT
extensions (cont'd.)

Name of job parameter® 2-12

setprintername ® 3-32
setvmlimit ® 3-33
using ® 3-2
waittimeout ® 3-34
operators

Operators
compatibility with LPS40¢®C-1

findfont ® 6-9
guidelines ® 6-3
quit®6-10

restrictions ® 6-9
POSTSCRIPT software driver

techniques to avoid ® 6-12

POSTSCRIPT
clipping values ® 2-9

coordinate system positioning ® 2-9

coordinate system unit size ® 2-9
extensions

checkpassword ® 3-3
defaultjobtimeout ® 3-4
defaulttimeouts ® 3-5
dostartpage ® 3-6
eescratch ® 3-7
eexec ® 3-8

executive ® 3-9
exitserver ® 3-10
format® 3-1

idlefonts ® 3-11
jobname ® 3-13
jobtimeout ® 3-14
margins ® 3-15
object types ® 3-1

pagecount® 3-16
pagestackorder ® 3-17

papersize ®

3-18

printername ® 3-19
product ® 3-20
restrictions ® 3-2

revision ® 3-21

setdefaultjobtimeout ® 3-22

setdefaulttimeouts ® 3-23
setdostartpage ® 3-24
seteescratch ® 3-25
setidlefonts ® 3-26

useful techniques ®6-11
writing ® 6-11
Page counter

parameter®2-10
pagecount operator ® 3-16

pagestackorder operator ® 3-17
Paper feed ® 2-9
Paper handling

margins ® 2-9
parameters ® 2-8
Paper orientation ® 2-9
papersize operator ® 3-18
Password

parameter ® 2-11
Performance
optimizing ® 5-1

Polygon fill ® 6-9
limit to use ® 6-9

Printer® 1-2
device controller® 1-4

paper trays ® 1-4
print engine ® 1-3
printer name parameter ® 2-10

Printer name

parameter ® 2-10
printername operator ® 3-19
Procedure calls

eliminating ® 5-2
product operator ® 3-20

optimizing performance with ® 5-4

setjobtimeout ® 3-28
setmargins
® 3-29
setpassword ® 3-3 1

quit operator ®6-10
limit to use ®6-10

Index-3

quit operator (cont'd.)

restriction ® 6-6

setidiefonts operator ® 3-26
setjobtimeout operator ® 3-28

setmargins operator ® 3-29
adjustment ranges ® 3-29

setmatrix operator
renderbands operator

restriction ® 6-5
Restrictions

banddevice operator ® 6-4
clear operator ® 6-4
closefile operator ® 6-4
control characters ®6-12

dictionary stack entries ® 6-9
erasepage operator ® 6-4
findfont ® 6-9

framedevice operator ® 6-4
gsave ® 6-9

initclip operator ® 6-4

restriction ® 6-5

setpassword operator ® 3-31
setprintername operator ® 3-32
setvmlimit operator ® 3-33
show operator ® 5-2

showpage operator ® 5-3
Smaller operator names ® 5-2
start

limit to use ®6-10
systemdict operator

restriction ® 6-5

System parameters ® 2-1

default timeout ® 2-11

initgraphics operator ® 6-5
initmatrix operator ® 6-5

location ® 2-2

name of current job® 2-12

POSTSCRIPT operators ® 6-4

page counter ® 2-10
paper handling ® 2-8

polygon fill ® 6-9
quit®6-10

password ® 2-11

quit operator ® 6-6
renderbands operator ® 6-5
setmatrix operator ® 6-5
start®6-10
systemdict operator ® 6-5
transform operator ® 6-5
userdict operator ® 6-5
vmstatus ®6-10
revision operator ® 3-21

Scaling the Coordinate System @ 5-3
Scan conversion
fonts ® 2-7

Scan conversion parameter ® 2-6
Scratch memory
parameter ® 2-11
setdefaultjobtimeout operator ® 3-22
setdefaulttimeouts operator ® 3-23
setdostartpage operator ® 3-24
seteescratch operator ® 3-25
setidlefonts extension
optimizing performance with ® 5-4

Software revision parameter ® 2-12

persistent ® 2-2

printer name ® 2-10

scan conversion ® 2-6
scratch memory ® 2-11
software revision ® 2-12

test page status ® 2-10
volatile ® 2-5

T
Test page
parameter ® 2-10
transform operator
restriction ® 6-5

Translators ® 1-6

ULTRIX®D-4
Installing the LNO3R ® D-4
userdict operator

restriction ® 6-5
e

4-Index
SR

Virtual memory
LPS40 and LNO3R®C-1

|
s

operators that consume ® 6-7
persistent parameters ® 2-2
preventing limitchecks ® 6-6
setting limit ® 3-33
status ®6-10
volatile parameters ® 2-5
See Virtual memory

vmstatus

limit to use ®6-10
VMS VAXmate Server

using the LNO3R with ® D-3

a—

waittimeout operator ® 3-34
widthshow operator ® 5-2

Index-5

Ay,

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and Puerto Rico*

* Prepaid orders from Puerto Rico must be placed with DIGITAL’s local subsidiary
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LNO3R SCRIPTPRINTER
Programmer’s Supplement

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