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AA-H606A-TA

March 1979

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Document:	os/8 System Generation Notes dlilglit[all
Order Number:	AA-H606A-TA
Revision:
Pages:	33
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/AA-H606A-TA_os8SysgenNotes.pdf

OCR Text

08/8
System Generation Notes
Order No. AA-H606A-TA

March 1979

ABSTRACT
This document describes the procedures for getting on line with 05/8.

SUPERSESSION/UPDATE INFORMATION:

This manual supersedes and updates
information in the 05/8 Handbook
(DEC-S8-0SHBA-A-D) and the
05/8 Handbook Update
(DEC·S8·0SHBA·A·DN4).

OPERATING SYSTEM AND VERSION:

05/8 V3D.

To order additional copies of this document, contact the Software Distribution
Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754

digital equipment corporation • maynard. massachusetts

First Printing,

March 1979

The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such
license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies.

The postage-prepaid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this
document requests the user's critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future documentation.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

DIGITAL
DEC
POP
DECUS
UNIBUS
COMPUTER LABS
COMTEX
DOT
DECCOMM
ASSIST-ll
VAX
DEC net
DATATRIEVE

DECsystem-10
DEC tape
DIBOL
EDUSYSTEM
FLIP CHIP
FOCAL
INDAC
LAB-8
DECSYSTEM-20
RTS-8
VMS

lAS
TRAX

MASSBUS
OMNIBUS
OS/8
PHA
RSTS
RSX
TYPESET-8
TYPESET-ll
TMS-ll
ITPS-10
SBI
POT

CONTENTS

Page
DOCUMENTATION SET FOR 05/8

1.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2
2.3
3.0
3.1
3.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.0

1
1
2

GETTING ON LINE WITH 05/8
DECTAPE SYSTEMS
The TC01/TC08 DECtape
TD8E DEC tapes
TD8E Initialization Program
TD8E Initialization Error Messages
TD8E Bootstraps
8K ROM Bootstrap (POp-a/E)
12K TD8E Bootstrap
LINCtape (PDP-12 Users)
CASSETTE SYSTEMS
Building OS/8 from Cassette
Loading System Programs from Cassette
PAPER TAPE SYSTEMS
Building from Paper Tape
Loading a Paper Tape Binary Kit
USING A DISK AS THE SYSTEM DEVICE
RF08 and DF32 Disks
The RK8E Disk
The RK8 Disk
The RXOl Diskette
RESTARTING 05/8

INDEX

3
3
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
12
13
13
16
18
18

19
20
21
22
Index-1

TABLES
TABLE 1
2
3
4

TC01/TC08 DECtape Bootstrap
TD8E Initialization Error Messages
12K TD8E DEC tape Bootstrap
Cassette Bootstrap
5 System Devices
6 System Devices
7 RF08/DF32 Disk Bootstrap
8 Single RK8E Disk Bootstrap
9 Multiple RK8E Disk Bootstrap
10 Single RK8 Disk Bootstrap
11 Multiple RK8 Disk Bootstrap
12 RXOl Floppy Disk Bootstrap

iii

2
6
7
9

14
18

19
19
20
21
21

DOCUMENTATION SET FOR 05/8

05/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES (AA-H606A-TA)
The System Generation Notes provide the information you need
to get a new OS/8 system running.
OS/8 SYSTEM REFERENCE MANUAL (AA-H607A-TA)
The System Reference Manual describes 05/8 system conventions,
keyboard commands, and utility programs.
05/8 TECO REFERENCE MANUAL (AA-H608A-TA)
The TECO Reference Manual describes the OS/8 version of
character-oriented text editing and correcting program.

this

OS/8 LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL (AA-H609A-TA)
describes all languages
The Language
Reference
Manual
supported by OS/8, including BASIC, FORTRAN IV, and the PAL8
assembly language.
OS/8 ERROR MESSAGES (AA-H6l0A-TA)
This manual lists in alphabetical order all error
generated by OS/8 system programs and languages.

messages

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES

1.0

GETTING ON LINE WITH OS/8

OS/8 software is distributed in a form appropriate for your particular
hardware configuration.
The general system categories are DECtape
(LINCtape), cassette, and paper tape.
This manual provides the
information that the user of any of these types of systems needs to
start using OS/8.
This manual also describes the procedures
system and for restarting OS/8.

for

To get on-line when your system is installed,
that deals with your medium of distribution.

2.0

bootstrapping

refer

section

the

disk

DECTAPE SYSTEMS

OS/8 supports the following DECtape systems:
TCOI/TC08, TD8E, and
LINCtape (PDP-12). Since the software is supplied on a system DECtape
(or LINCtape), it is not necessary to build an initial system, as it
is when using cassettes or paper tapes.
Two tapes are distributed with each DECtape (LINCtape) system.
System Tape #1 contains the
functions.

system

programs

and

all

OS/8

Monitor

System Tape 12 contains TDINIT.SV (used in TD8E system initialization)
and two TD8E DECtape monitor images (8K ROM and 12K). Other files on
this second tape contain the device handlers in a format suitable for
the OS/8 BUILD program. Each file contains a handler for a specific
device type. These files are to be used as input for the LOAD command
in BUILD and are described in the BUILD section of Chapter 2. In
addition to these files, the tape also contains relocatable binary
files of the FORTRAN II library subroutines. LIBSET, the FORTRAN II
librarian, is used to create a FORTRAN II library as described in the
OS/8 Language Reference Manual. Finally, the tape contains several
OS/8 help files. These help files are intended to provide the user
with a quick command summary for most OS/8 programs. They can be
printed with either OS/8 PIP or the CCL command HELP.

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
2.1

The TCOl/TC08 DECtape

The following short procedure is used to start
system:

OS/8

TCOl/TC08

Mount the system DECtape
(AL-4711C-BA)
on unit a
(this
appears as unit 8 on some DECtape units), making certain to
wind at least 10 feet of tape onto the empty reel.
Set the
tape unit switches to REMOTE and WRITE LOCK.

Bootstrap the OS/8 DECtape by following one of two methods.
If the system includes an MI8-E hardware bootstrap option:
a.

Place the terminal on line. Raise the SING STEP switch
on the PDP-8/E console.
Press the CONT switch. Then
lower and raise the HALT switch. At least one console
indicator lamp should light.

Having mounted the OS/8 System Tape #1 on unit a as
described above,
lower and raise the SW switch on the
left side of the console.

If the system does not include a hardware bootstrap,
this
procedure will have no effect.
In this case, execute step 1
above, place the terminal on line, and then perform the
switch manipulations shown in Table 1. For each step in the
table, place each of the PDP-8/E console SWITCH REGISTER
switches numbered a to 11 either in the up position if the
corresponding table entry is a 1, or in the down position if
the corresponding table entry is a o. When all 12 switches
have been set to correspond to a line in the table,
follow
the instructions in the right hand column and proceed to the
next line.
In step 4, for example, place switches 2, 4, 7,
and 10 in the up position; place switches 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9,
and 11 in the down position;
lift the DEP switch;
and
proceed to step 5. The table also includes octal values of
the binary switch settings for the benefit of users familiar
with octal numbers.
Table 1
TCOl/TC08 DECtape Bootstrap
STEP
#

OCTAL
VALUES

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

0000
7613
6774
1222
6766
6771
5216
1223
5215
0600
0220
7754
7577
7577
7613

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000

III
110
001
110
110
101
001
101
000
000

III
III
III
III

345
000
110
010

010
110

010
010
010
110
010

III

001
010
001
000
010
101

91011
000
all
100
010
110
001
110
all
101
000
000
100

101
101
110

001

all

III
III
III

678
000
001

III
III

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

05/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Either bootstrapping procedure first rewinds the DECtape on
unit 0 to the end zone, then starts it moving forward,
reading block 0 into locations beginning at 7600 in field O.
In block 0 of the DECtape is a larger bootstrap. This
bootstrap continues to read the tape and install the resident
Monitor code, finally turning control over to the OS/8
Keyboard Monitor.
3.

DECtape unit 0 will rock, and the console terminal will
respond by printing a dot (.) at the left margin. At this
point, OS/8 is active; DECtape unit 0 must be set to WRITE
ENABLE.
NOTE
If the terminal
does
not
respond
properly, check that the bootstrap was
loaded correctly, that
unit
0
is
selected and set to REMOTE, that the
correct tape is mounted, and that the
terminal is set to REMOTE or LINE. If
trouble persists, contact the
local
Digital sales office.

2.2

TD8E DECtapes

OS/8 supports TD8E DECtape hardware in two configurations:
TD8E
DECtape and 12K or more core, and TD8E DEC tape and 8K core and
256-word Read-Only-Memory (ROM).

2.2.1 TD8E Initialization Program - TD8E DECtape users must run a
special initialization program before OS/8 can be used. This program
need only be run once to create the proper configuration; thereafter,
the appropriate TD8E bootstrap (discussed shortly) can be used to
start OS/8.
Use the following procedures to initialize the TD8E DECtape system.
1.

Mount the binary DECtape (AL-4712C-BA) on DECtape unit
Set the tape unit switches to REMOTE and WRITE LOCK.

Turn the console terminal to LINE or REMOTE.

Execute one of the TD8E bootstraps (see Section 2.2.3).

When the bootstrap is executed correctly, the message:

TDeE INITIALIZER PROGRAM VERSION 4
is printed on the terminal. Then, depending upon which type
of TD8E configuration is present, one of the following
messages is printed to indicate the system on which OS/8 will
be built.
a.

8K ROM SYSTEM
is printed if the user has the 256-word ROM.

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
b.

12K SYSTEM
is printed if the user has no ROM but does
more of core memory.

have

12K

NOTE
If neither the ROM nor
exists, the message:

12K

memory

NEED ROM OR 12K
appears, and the machine halts.
This
indicates that the configuration is not
suitable for running the TDBE version of

as/B.
5.

After the message specifying the hardware configuration (a or
b above), the following instructions to the user appear:

MOUNT A CERTIFIED DECTAPE ON UNIT 1 WRITE-ENABLED
ALWAYS KEEP ORIGINAL SYSTEM DECTAPfS WRITE-LOCKED
STRIKE A CHARACTER TO CONTINUE
Perform the specified operations.

At this point, the current
Note

05/8 Monitor is written onto a blank DECtape on unit 1.
that the original tape (on unit 0) is not written upon.

When the copy operation
instructions are printed:

complete,

following

the

DISMOUNT TAPE 12 FROM UNIT 0 AND SAVE IT
MOUNT ORIGINAL SYSTEM TAPE 11 ON UNIT 0
PREPARE TO COpy FILES OVER
STRIKE A CHARACTER TO CONTINUE
The system programs will now be copied from System Tape #1
(AL-47llC-BA)
to the tape being created.
Perform the
specified operations and type any character except CTRL/Z to
continue. PREPARE TO COpy FILES OVER means to expect copying
to take place; no additional preparation is implied.
The
following message is printed:

COPYING FILES FROM UNIT 0 TO UNIT 1
and the system copies
directory.

the

files

and

updates

the

DECtape

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
NOTE
If you wish to perform
nonstandard
special processing, you can respond with
a CTRL/Z to the preceding dialogue.
If
CTRL/Z is typed, the following messages
appear:

TYPE 1 TO COPY FILES FROM UNIT 0 TO UNIT 1
TYPE 2 TO ZERO THE DIRECTORY OF UNIT 1
TYPE J TO LEAVE THE DIRECTORY OF UNIT 1 ALONE
STRIKE A CHARACTER TO CONTINUE
Reply with either a 1, 2, or 3 (which
will not echo) to indicate the desired
option. Typing any character other than
those indicated will repeat the request
message.
One
of
the
following
confirmatory messages will appear, to
indicate the options 1, 2,
or
3,
respectively~

COPYING FILES FROM UNIT 0 TO 1
ZEROING THE DIRECTORY ON TAPE UNIT 1
DIRECTORY ON UNIT 1 PRESERVED
7.

When the files have been copied, the
appear:

following

instructions

REMOVE AND SAVE TAPE ON UNIT 0
TAKE NEW TAPE (ON UNIT 1) WHICH WAS JUST CREATED
AND PLACE IT ON UNIT 0
IT IS YOUR NEW OS/8 SYSTEM TAPE
STRIKE A CHARACTER TO CONTINUE
Remove the original OS/8 tape and save it for later use. Set
OECtape unit 0 to WRITE-ENABLE, and type any character to
continue. The tape on unit 0 will be initialized to a T08E
configuration.
When the initialization is completed, a dot (.) is printed at
the left margin of the terminal.
OS/8 is active on a
T08E-based system.

2.2.2 T08E Initialization Error Messages - The messages
Table 2 may appear during the T08E initialization process.

listed

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Table 2
TD8E Initialization Error Messages
Message

Meaning

FATAL 10 ERROR

Unable to read from newly
system tape.

MOUNT CORRECT TAPE ON UNIT 0

Cannot
copy
mounted.

NEED ROM OR 12K

Improper hardware configuration.

NOT ORIGINAL OS/8 SYSTEM
TAPE 12

The tape copied from was not an
original OS/8 tape supplied by
Digital.

STRIKE A CHARACTER TO
CONTINUE

An I/O error occurred on the
DECtape. Type any character to
retry the operation.

TYPE ANY OTHER CHARACTER TO
RETRY THIS I/O OPERATION

First retry failed. Type
any
other character to retry another
time.

TYPE A TO ABORT AND
START OVER AGAIN

Return to Step 1.

tape

copied

currently

2.2.3 TD8E Bootstraps - The 8K ROM and 12K TD8E bootstraps both read
record 0 of the system tape into memory and then start it at location
7400 in field O. The code that is read into 7400 is a larger
bootstrap which installs all resident tables and then turns control
over to the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor or the TD8E initialization program.
(The 12K system must move down to tape block 154 to accomplish the
full bootstrap. This explains the extra tape motion.)
When the TD8E system (either 8K ROM or 12K) is initialized, only TD8E
DECtapes 0 and 1 (DTAO, DTAl) are available on the system. The others
(DTA2-DTA7) are not in the system. To make other drives available,
you must run the BUILD program. See the BUILD chapter in the OS/8
System Reference Manual for details on how to reconfigure a system-.---

2.2.3.1

8K ROM Bootstrap (PDP-8/E)

Set the switch register on the PDP-8/E console to 7470
(octal), i.e., set switches 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 in the up
position, and set switches 4, 5, 9, 10, and 11 in the down
position.

Raise the SING STEP switch.

Press the EXTD ADDR LOAD, ADDR LOAD, CLEAR, and CONT
switches.
The tape bootstrap will be executed and a message
will be printed (if initializing) or the OS/8 Keyboard
Monitor will print a dot (.) to indicate that it is active.
If initializing, set DECtape unit 0 to WRITE-LOCK.
If OS/8
is already active, set DECtape unit 0 to WRITE-ENABLE.

Lower and raise the HALT switch.

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
2.2.3.2 12K T08E Bootstrap - The contents of the 12K
are included in Table 3.

T08E

bootstrap

The tape bootstrap will be executed and a message will be printed
(if
initializing)
or the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor will print a dot (.) to
indicate that it is active.
If initializing, set DECtape unit a to
WRITE-LOCK.
If OS/8 is already active, set DECtape unit a to
WRITE-ENABLE.
Table 3
12K TD8E DECtape Bootstrap
STEP
#

OCTAL
VALUES

7300

III

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

1312
4312
4312
6773
5303
6777
3726
2326
5303
5732
2000
1300
6774
6771
5315
6776
0331
1327
7640
5315
2321
5712
7354
7756
7747
0077
7400
7300

001
100
100
110
101
110
all
010
101
101
010
001
110
110
101
110
000
001

012

2.3

AND THEN

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING

III
101
010
101

III
III
III
000

III
III

345
all

678
000

91011
000

all
all
all

001
001
001

010
010
010
all
all

III

all

000

III
III

III

000
all

010
010
000
all
000
000

all

001

110
110
all
010
000
000
100
001
101
110
001

all
all

III
III
III

III
III

III

all
all
110
all
all
111
all

III
III

all
010
100
001
010
001
101
101
100

000
100
all

III

000
000

III
000
101
001
010
100
110
111

press ADDR LOAD and
press EXTD ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

LINCtape (PDP-12 Users)

The following is the bootstrap procedure for PDP-12 systems:
1.

Mount the system LINCtape (AL~3580C-BM) on LINCtape unit O.
Set the LINCtape switches to WRITE-LOCK and REMOTE. Set the
terminal to LINE or to REMOTE.

Set the left switches to 0700. Set
0000. Set the MODE key to LINC.

the

right

switches

OS/8 SYSTEM GBNBRATION NOTBS
3.

Press I/O PRESET.

Press DO.
The LINCtape bootstrap will be executed, causing unit 0 to
move.
When tape movereent stops, make sure that the AC
contains -1 (has all lights on). If the AC does not contain
-1, return to step 1 above.

Press the START 20 key.
The LINCtape on unit 0 will move again, and a dot (.) will be
printed at the left margin of the terminal. OS/8 is now
active.

3.0

Set LINCtape unit 0 to WRITE-ENABLE.

CASSETTE SYSTEMS

Use the following procedures to build and load
cassettes.

3.1

OS/8

system

from

Building 05/8 from Cassette

When 05/8 software is supplied on cassettes, use the
library program to create the initial OS/8 system.
procedures build 05/8 onto a mass storage device.
1.

BUILD system
The following

The OS/8 cassette containing BUILD (AR-4585C-BA) supplied by
DIGITAL
is
write-protected
(lugged
red
tabs expose
write-protect holes). Open the locking bar on the right side
of cassette transport unit 0 by pushing it to the right.
Hold the cassette so that the DIGITAL trademark in large
letters is upright and ~o the front.
Insert the cassette
into transport unit 0, rotating it over the drive sprockets
without forcing it, so that the locking bar closes over the
back edge.
Press the rewind button on the cassette transport unit once
to rewind the tape to the beginning of its leader/trailer
segment. When the unit stops moving, the tape is positioned
for data transfer operations.

Bootstrap the OS/8 cassette by following one of two methods.
If the system includes an MI8-E hardware bootstrap option:
a.

Place the terminal on line. Raise the SING STEP switch
on the PDP-8/E console.
Press the CaNT switch. Then
lower and raise the HALT switch. At least one console
indicator lamp should light.

Having mounted the OS/8 system cassette on unit 0 as
described above, lower and raise the SW switch on the
left side of the console.

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
If the system does not include a hardware bootstrap,
this
procedure will have no effect.
In this case, execute step 1
above and then perform the switch manipulations in Table 4.
For each step in the table, place each of the PDP-8/E console
SWITCH REGISTER switches numbered 0 to 11 either
in the up
position if the corresponding table entry is a 1, or in the
down position if the corresponding table entry is a O.
When
all
twelve switches have been set to correspond to a line in
the table, follow instructions in the right-hand column and
proceed to the next line.
In step 3, for example, place
switches 2, 4, 9, and 10 in the up position; place switches
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 in the down position;
lift the
DEP switch;
and proceed to step 4. The table also includes
octal values of the binary switch settings for the benefit of
users familiar with octal numbers.
Table 4
Cassette Bootstrap
STEP
i

OCTAL
VALUES

4000

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

1237
1206
6704
6706
6703
5204
7264
6702
7610
3211
3636
1205
6704
6706
6701
5216
7002
7430
1636
7022
3636
7420
2236
2235
5215
7346
7002
3235
5201
7737
3557
7730
4000

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
100

345
000

678
000

001
001
110
110
110
101

010
010

all
000
000
000
000
000
110
000
001
001
all
000
000
000
000
001
000
011
011
010
011
010
011
all
001
100
000
011
000
011
101
011
000

III
110

III
011
011
001
110
110
110
101

III

III
III
010
010

III
110
010
110
010

III
III
III

011
101

010
000
100
110
000
110
100
010
010
010
011
000
010
010

III

011

101

III

100

000

III
III
001

III
all

III
010
010
101

III
III

91011
000

III
110
100
110
all
100
100
010
000
001
110
101
100
110
001
110
010
000
110
010
110
000
110
101
101
110
010
101
001

III
III

000
000

AND THEN

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Either bootstrapping procedure should cause the
system
cassette to move and BUILD to print a $ at the left margin of
the console terminal.
If there is no response,
check that
the system cassette is properly mounted on transport unit 0
and repeat the bootstrapping procedure, paying particular
attention to the switch manipulations.
Be careful not to
bounce the DEP switch.
3.

When BUILD prints:

respond with the system device on which OS/8 is to be built.
(At this point, the usual command editing features of BUILD
are available;
for details, see the BUILD chapter
in the
OS/8 System Reference Manual.) This response must be in the
following form:
$SYS dev=n
where "dev" represents one of the legal
replies taken from
Table 5.
The "n"
is optional and need only be used to
indicate the number of physical disk platters that are
present if the system device is RF08 or DF32. The possible
replies and the maximum value of n that can be used for each
one are indicated below.
Table 5
System Devices

Device

Maximum n

DF32 (DF32 disk)
RF08 (RF08 disk)
RK8 (RK8 disk)
RK8E (RK8E disk)

4
4
I
I

n must be a digit in the range 1 to 4.
If no value for n
is
specified,
a value of I is assumed.
If you enter a response
that is not a digit, the message:
?SYNTAX
is printed, and you must type the SYS command again.
If you
specify n as a digit that
is too large for the device
specified, you must retype the SYS command.
For example:
!SYS RF08=5
?f'LAT
~SYS RF08=4
4.

When you have entered a SYS command correctly, e.g.,
!SYS RK8E
BUILD prints another $. At this time,
insert the desired
devices for
the initial system, which must include as a
-'inimum the terminal handler, the mass storage device,
and
the cassette handlers.
(See the BUILD chapter in the OS/8
Reference Manual for detailed information.)

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
In response to the $ printed by BUILD, type the following,
remembering to make a carriage return at the end of each
command line.
(cassette unit 0, drives 0 and 1)
(terminal keyboard)

lIN TABA:CSAO-l
!IN KLBE:TTY
5.

You should also specify the device that is to be the default
mass storage device by entering the DSK command.
For
example:

!DSK=SYS
Any device other than SYS (or carriage return) specified in
the DSK command must be the permanent name of a device that
appeared in one of the INSERT commands.
6.

When you have entered all desired devices with
commands, type the following in response to the $:

INSERT

!BUILD
BUILD responds by printing:

LOAD 05/8:
Type CSAO, followed by carriage return, in response
message, i.e.,

this

LOAD OS/8: CSAO
BUILD loads and writes the various parts of OS/8 onto the
system device.
If a SYS ERR message occurs at any time
during the load, make sure that the system device is
write-enabled and press the CONT switch to retry. If the
retry is unsuccessful, return to step 2.
7.

After writing OS/8, BUILD prints:

LOAD CD:
Respond with a carriage
Decoder from cassette
device.
8.

return.
BUILD loads the Command
unit 0 and writes it onto the system

When BUILD responds with another $, type the following:

!BOOT
to initiate the final system creation process.
OS/8 on the system device, writes ABSLDR
device, and prints:

BUILD creates
on the system

SYS BUILT
The dot indicates that the OS/8 Keyboard
Monitor
is
activated. BUILD is still in memory at this time and must be
written onto the system device. To save the copy of BUILD
just used with the current date, type:

!DATE mm/dd/~~
~SAVE

<•• =month. dd=daw. ww=wear)

SYS BUILD

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
This copy of BUILD reflects the current configuration of
system. It can be loaded and rerun with the command:

the

!.RUN BYS BUILD
9.

To prepare for loading the 05/8 system programs from their
respective
cassettes,
first
load
MCPIP
(Magnetic
Tape/Cassette Peripheral Interchange Program).
Type the
following commands to load MCPIP:

• GET SYS BUIL[I

~START 17400
~SAVE

3.2

SYS HCPIP;

12000=6400

Loading System Programs from Cassette

After creating an 05/8 system from cassettes, you must transfer the
system programs from cassette to the system device. This transfer
operation is performed with MCPIP, which you have saved on the system
device.
NOTE
Users with 05/8 software supplied on
DECtape (LINCtape) already have core
images of the system programs on the
system device.
This section concerns
only users with software supplied on
cassettes.
Each cassette supplied with 05/8 contains several 05/8
system
programs.
To transfer the programs to the system device, mount the
appropriate cassette on a cassette drive and type MCPIP commands as
shown below.
Use the following procedures to load the system
programs.
1.

Mount the system cassette AR-4586C-BA on cassette drive O.

Mount the system cassette AR-4587C-BA on cassette drive 1.

Type the following to call MCPIP from the ·system device:

.!R HCPIP
MCPIP responds with an asterisk, indicating that it is
to receive a command line of I/O specifications.
4.

Respond as follows to the asterisks printed by MCPIP:

*SYS:CCL.SV<CSAO:CCL.SV
iSYS:DIRECT.SV<CSAO:DIRECT.SV
jSYS:FOTP.SV<CSAO:FOTP.SV
!SYS:PIP.SV<CSAO:PIP.SV
!SYS:LIB8.Rl<CSAO:LIB8.RL
!SYS:EDIT.SV<CSAO:EDIT.SV
!SYS:PAl8.SV<CSAO:PAL8.SV
~SYS:CREF.SV<CSAO:CREF.SV

!SYS:BITHAP.SV<CSAO:BITHAP.SV
!SYS:BOOT.SV<CSAO:BOOT.SV
!SYS:CAHP.SV<CSAO:CAHP.SV

ready

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
!SYS:FORT.SV<CSA1:FORT.SV
!SYS:SABR.SV<CSA1:SABR.SV
~SYS:lOADER.SV<CSA1:l0ADER.SV

*SYS:SRCCOH.SV<CSA1:SRCCOH.SV
jSYS:EPIC.SV<CSA1:EPIC.SV
!SYS:PIP10.SV<CSA1:PIPI0.SV
!SYS:RESORC.SV<CSA1:RESORC.SV
!SYS:DTCOPY.SV<CSA1:DTCOPY.SV
!SYS:TDCOPY.SV<CSA1:TDCOPY.SV
!SYS:TDFRMT.SV<CSA1:TDFRMT.8V
~SYS:DTFRMT.SV<CSA1:DTFRMT.SV

*SYS:LIBSET.SV<CSA1:LIBSET.SV
jSYS:RXCOPY.SV<CSA1:RXCOPY.SV
!SYS:HELP.SV<CSA1:HELP.SV
5.

To write SET.SV and HELP.HL files on the system device, mount
AR-4688C-BA in drive 0 and AR-4689C-BA in drive 1. Type the
following command line after the asterisk is printed on the
terminal:
*SYS:SET.SV<CSAO:SET.SV

~SYS:HElP.SV<CSA1:HElP.SV

By typing the command line:
.R CCl
you can run your programs using CCL commands.
6.

The source file of CCL should be written onto the system
device if you wish to add your own CCL commands. To write
this file on the system device, mount the system cassette
AR-4690C-B on cassette drive O. Respond as follows to the
asterisk printed by MCPIP:
*SYS:CCl.PA<CSAO:CCL.PA

This completes the building of the OS/8 system. If the OS/8 extension
cassette is available, see the appropriate chapters for loading
instructions. Additional device handlers may be loaded and .made
active using BUILD.
See the BUILD chapter in the OS/8 System
Reference Manual for this procedure.

4.0

PAPER TAPE SYSTEMS

You can construct an OS/8 system initially on a mass storage device
from the paper tapes supplied with each 05/8 kit. The paper tapes can
be loaded from a low-speed reader on a Teletype or from a high-speed
reader. This initial construction is only necessary when the software
is not supplied on DECtape or cassettes.

4.1

Building from Paper Tape

The system library program BUILD is used to construct an
from paper tapes in the following manner.
1.

OS/8

system

Load the RIM and Binary loaders into field 0 (refer to
Appendix B in the System Reference Manual for instructions on
loading programs manually and on paper tape).

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
2.

Using the Binary Loader,
(AK-4678C-BA) into memory.

load

the

BUILD

After you have loaded the entire BUILD binary tape with no
checksum errors (i.e., AC=O), set the switch register to 200
(octal), i.e., set switch 4 in the up position, set all other
switches in the down position. Press the ADDR LOAD and CaNT
switches. BUILD prints:

binary

tape

(At this point, all the usual editing features of BUILD are
available.) Respond with the system (mass storage) device on
which OS/8 is to be built. This response must be in the
following form:
'SYS dev==n
where "dev" represents one of the legal replies taken from
Table 6.
The "=n" is optional and need only be used to
indicate the number of physical disk platters that are
present if the system device is a RF08 or DF32 disk.
The lin" must be a digit in the range I to 4. If no value for
n is specified, a value of I is assumed. I f you enter ;
response that is not a digit, the message:
?SYNTAX
is printed, and you must type the SYS command line again. If
you specify n as a digit that is too large for the device
specified, you must retype the SYS command. For example:
.!SYS RF08=5
?F'LAT
!SYS RF08=4
Table 6
System Devices

Device

Maximum

DF32 (DF32 disk)
RF08 (RF08 disk)
RK8 (RK8 disk)
RK8E (RK8E disk)

4
4
I
I

When you have entered a correct SYS command line, e.g.,
!SYS RK8E
BUILD prints another $. At this time, insert the de~ired
devices for the initial system. You must insert the devices
listed below for a minimum system with paper tape. Type the
following commands, followed by carriage returns, to insert a
low-speed paper tape configuration.
tIN KS33:PTP,PTR
.tIN KL8E:TTY

(low-speed paper tape punch/reader)
(terminal keyboard)

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Type the following commands, followed by carriage returns, to
insert a high-speed paper tape configuration.
SIN PT8E:PTP,PTR
!IN KL8E:TTY
5.

(high-speed paper tape punch/reader)
(terminal keyboard)

At this time, you must specify the device that is to be
default mass storage device by entering the DSK command.
example:

the
For

$[lSK=SYS
Any device other than SYS (or carriage return) specified in
the DSK command must be the permanent name of a mass storage
device that appeared in one of the INSERT commands.
6.

When you have entered all desired devices with
type the following in response to the BUILD $.

commands,

$EcUILn
BUILD responds by printing:
LOAn OS/8:
At this point, load the OS/8
Keyboard
Monitor
tape
(AK-4679C-BA)
in the proper reader and respond PTR followed
by a carriage return, i.e.,

LOAn OS/8: F'TR
BUILD loads and writes the various parts of the OS/8 Keyboard
Monitor onto the system device. If a SYS ERR message occurs
at any time during the load, make sure that the system device
is write-enabled and press the CaNT switch on the PDP-8/E
console to retry. If the retry is unsuccessful, return to
step 2.
NOTE
When building from the low-speed reader
(KS33), after you enter PTR followed by
carriage return, the system responds
with an up-arrow: you must respond by
typing any character on the terminal and
then immediately turning on the reader.
If the reader is not turned on promptly,
the system hangs. Remember to turn off
the
reader
when
it
reaches
the
leader/trailer at the end of the tape.
7.

After successfully writing the
system device, BUILD prints:

Keyboard

Monitor

onto

the

LOAn en:
Place the Command Decoder binary tape (AK-4680C-BA)
in the
proper paper tape reader and respond PTR followed by a
carriage return, i.e.,

LOAn e[l: F'TR
BUILD loads and writes the Command Decoder.
15

08/8 SYSTBM GBNERATION NOTBS
8.

When BUILD responds with another $, type the following:

1BOOT
to initiate the final system creation process.
OS/8 on the system device, writes ABSLDR
device, and prints:

BUILD creates
on the system

SYS BUILT
The dot indicates
activated.
9.

that

the

OS/8

Keyboard

Monitor

At this time, BUILD is still in memory and you will have to
copy it onto the system device. To save the copy of BUILD
with the current date, type:

.DATE mm/dd/w\:I
:SAVE SYS BUILD

(mm=month, dd=day, yy=year)

This copy of BUILD reflects the current configuration of
system. You can load and rerun it with the command:

the

.RUN SYS BUILD
See the BUILD chapter in the OS/8 Reference Manual for details on
to use BUILD effectively.

how

You must now use EPIC (which resides on the system device) to load the
various
system
programs.
Refer to the following section for
instructions.

4.2

Loading a Paper Tape Binary Kit

Paper tape binary kits for OS/8 V3D are punched using EPIC. This use
of EPIC simplifies loading these tapes onto SYS:. All tapes, except
those used to build a Monitor and a System Head and EPIC itself, must
be loaded onto SYS: using EPIC. The procedure for loading paper tape
binary kits is described below.
NOTE
Skip step I
directory.
l.

if EPIC.SV exists in

system

Place the EPIC binary tape (AK-4667C-BA) in
type:

the

.R ABSLDR
iPTR: (. V'
Turn on reader and type any key on keyboard.
NOTE
($)

is escape or

altmode:

I\ey.

strike

ESC

reader

and

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
EPIC will be read in by this procedure. If necessary,
off the reader. Save EPIC as a file by typing:

turn

.SAVE SYS:EPIC.SV
2.

Type
.R EPIC

To load any paper tape onto SYS:, put the paper tape for that
file in the reader and type:
*SYS:</O/Y($)
for the high-speed reader or
(Turn on the
*SYS:</O/Y/L($) for the low-speed reader.
low-speed
reader,
depress
CaNT on the
operator's console after the computer halts
to allow loading the tape in the reader.
After the tape has read in, the computer
halts again.
If there are no more tapes to
that file to be loaded, turn off the reader
and depress CaNT. If there are more tapes to
the file continue to step 4.

If the file you are creating requires more than one
be input, the message:

tape

END OF TAPE ENTER NEXT
will be displayed on the console terminal and the computer
will halt with 7777(8) in the AC. Place the next tape of the
file in the reader, turn it on, and depress CaNT.
Repeat
step 4 until all tapes for the file are loaded.
If the tapes of a multiple tape file are read out of sequence
an error message:
NEED nnnn FOUND mmm~
will be output on the console terminal. Check the tapes of
the file, place the proper tape in the reader, and depress
CaNT on the operators console.
5.

Repeat steps 3 and 4 to load each tape or set of tapes into a
file on SYS:
See the OS/8 System Reference Manual for more information
EPIC.

If desired, you can load CCL.SV, EDIT,SV, and BATCH.SV (if
you have the OS/8 Extension Kit) and then create a batch
stream to load the desired files onto SYS:
Create a batch file as follows:
~CREATE

LOAD.BI

SJOB TO LOAD FILES USING EPIC
.R EPIC
$=dollar sign key (shift/4) - not
iSYs:</O/YS
escape or altmode. Add/L before
iSys:</O/Y$
$ (see example in step 3 above)
if reading from low-speed
reader.
Put in a few of the load commands;
!SYS:</O/Y$

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES

.!SU LOAD.BI/T

the more you put in, the fewer times
the job will re-submit itself.
(CTRL/FORM) means hold down
CTRL key, depress "L" (form) key

Then run the file, using the command:

.SlJ LOAD.BI/T
Every time the computer stops, replace the tape in the reader
with a new one
(or next
in sequence) and depress CaNT.
Ignore any

LIT ERROR
messages on console terminal caused by running off the end of
the paper tape.

5.0

USING A DISK AS THE SYSTEM DEVICE

If your OS/8 system device is a disk, you must build an OS/8 system
onto the disk from the distribution media, i.e., cassettes, paper
tape, or DECtape (LINCtape). The disks available as system devices
are RF08,
DF32,
RK8,
RK8E,
and the RXOI diskette.
Refer to the
appropriate part of this section for
the cassette or paper
tape
building procedure.
For DECtape or LINCtape distribution, refer to
the BUILD chapter in the OS/8 System Reference Manual.
Once you have built an OS/8 system on a disk, it may occasionally be
necessary to start (bootstrap) the system into operation when nothing
is in memory.
For example, whenever an RK8E disk cartridge is placed
in its slot for use, the system should be bootstrapped.
Also, if a
program error is encountered such that the contents of locations
7600-7777 in either field 0 or field 1 are in doubt, the system should
be bootstrapped. The following sections detail the specific bootstrap
used for each type of disk.

5.1

RFOS and DF32 Disks

If the OS/8 system device is a RF08 or DF32 disk,
shown in Table 7.

use

the

bootstrap

Table 7
RF08/DF32 Disk Bootstrap
STEP
#

OCTAL
VALUES

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0000
7750
7600
6603
6622
5352
5752
7750

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000
III
110
110
101
101

345
000
III
110
110
110
011
III

III

678
000
101
000
000
010
101
101
101

91011
000
000
000
011
010
010
010
000

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
When you have loaded the bootstrap, the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor should
respond with a dot
(.).
If it does not,
repeat the bootstrap
procedure.
If an error persists,
consult the local DIGITAL sales
office.

5.2

The RK8E Disk

If only one RK8E disk unit is present on
bootstrap shown in Table 8.

the

OS/8

system,

use

the

NOTE
If you are using a PDP-12 computer,
execute an I/O PRESET in 8 mode before
performing step 5 of the bootstrap in
Table 8.
Table 8
Single RK8E Disk Bootstrap
STEP

2
3
4
5

OCTAL
VALUES

0000
0030
6743
5031
0030

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000
000
110
101
000

345
000
000
III

000
000

678
000
all
100
all
all

91011
000
000
all
001
000

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press AD DR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

If more than one RK8E disk unit is present on the system,
you may
choose which unit (0-3) you wish to be the system device.
To specify
the correct RK8E unit as the system device,
load the OS/8 disk
cartridge
in the desired unit and enter the bootstrap shown in Table
9.
Table 9
Multiple RK8E Disk Bootstrap
STEP

OCTAL
VALUES

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0000
0025
7604
6746
6743
7604
5031
0025

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000
000

III
110
110

III
101
000

345
000
000
110

III
III
110
000
000

678
000
010
000
100
100
000
all
010

91011
000
101
100
110
all
100
001
101

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift ·....'DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Enter the desired unit number (0-3) in switch register settings 9
10 as follows:
unit 0
unit 1
unit 2
unit 3

and

all switches down
switch 10 up; all others down
switch 9 up: all others down
switches 9 and 10 up: all others down

Press CLEAR and CONT.
If you have loaded either of the bootstraps, the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor
should respond with a dot (.). If it does not, repeat the bootstrap
procedure. If an error persists, consult the local DIGITAL sales
office.

5.3

The RKa Disk

If you have only one RK8 disk unit
bootstrap in Table 10 to start.

your

OS/8

system,

use

the

Table 10
Single RK8 Disk Bootstrap
STEP
#

OCTAL
VALUES

1
2
3
4

0000
OOJO
6733
5031
0030

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000
000
110
101
000

345
000
000
III

000
000

678
000
011
011
011
011

91011
000
000
011
001
000

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

NOTE
If you are
execute an
performing
bootstrap.

using a PDP-12 computer,
I/O PRESET in 8 mode before
step
5
of
the
above

If more than one RK8 disk unit is present on the system, you may
choose which unit (0-3) you wish to be the system device. To specify
the correct RK8 unit as the system device, load the OS/8 disk
cartridge in the desired unit and enter the bootstrap shown in Table
11.

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Table 11
Multiple RK8 Disk Bootstrap
STEP

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING

OCTAL
VALUES

012
000
000
III
110
110
101
000

0000
0026
7604
6732
6733
5031
0026

3
4
5
6
7

345
000
000
110
III
III
000
000

678
000
010
000
011
011
011
010

91011
000
110
100
010
011
001
110

Enter the desired unit number (0-3)
and 10 as follows:
unit
unit
unit
unit

0
1
2
3

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD

in the switch register settings

all switches down
switch 10 up; all others down
switch 9 up; all others down
switches 9 and 10 up; all others down

Press CLEAR and CONT.
If you have loaded either of the above bootstraps, the OS/8 Keyboard
Monitor should respond with a dot (.).
If it does not, repeat the
bootstrap procedure. If an error persists, consult the local Digital
sales office.

5.4

The RXOI Diskette

If the OS/8 system device is
bootstrap procedure,

RXOI

diskette,

use

the

following

Table 12
RXOI Floppy Disk Bootstrap

OCTAL
VALUES

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0000
0024
7126
1060
6751
7201
4053
4053
7104
6755
5054
6754

STEP

SWITCH REGISTER
SETTING
012
000
000
III
001
110
III
100
100
III
110
101
110

345
000
000
001
000
III
010
000
000
001
III
000
III

678
000
010
010
110
101
000
101
101
000
101
101
101

91011
000
100
110
000
001
001
all
all
100
101
100
100

AND THEN

press EXTD ADDR LOAD
press ADDR LOAD
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
(continued on next page)

OS/8 SYSTEM GENERATION NOTES
Table 12 (Cont.)

RXOI Floppy Disk Bootstrap
STEP
i

OCTAL
VALUES

SWITCH HEGISTER
SETTING

AND THEN

-13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

6.0

7450
7610
5046
1060
7041
1061
3060
5024
6751
4053
3002
2050
5047
0000
6753
5033
6752
5453
7024
6030
0033

III
III
101
001

III

001
011
101
110
100
011
010
101
000
110
101
110
101

III
110
000

100
110
000
000
000
000
000
000

III

000
000
000
000
000

III
000

III
100
000
000
000

101
001
100
110
100
110
110
010
101
101
000
101
100
000
101
011
101
101
010
011
011

000
000
110
000
001
001
000
100
001
011
010
000

III
000
011
011
010
011
100
000
011

lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
lift DEP key
press ADDR LOAD and
press CLEAR and
press CONT

RESTARTING OS/8

If you ever fail to receive apparent response from the OS/8 system,
you can restart the computer by loading a restart address of either
7600 or 7605.
If you choose to start at location 7600, you can save
the contents of locations 0-1777 on the system device.
These
locations are then available when the Keyboard Monitor
resumes
operation.
Starting at 7605 does not have the core locations, but
does save time on a DECtape configuration.
To load a restart address, set the console switches to 7600 or 7605~
press the HALT, AD DR LOAD, EXTD ADDR, CLEAR, and CONT switches. A
period should appear on the terminal.
If there is no response, OS/8
is no longer in memory and must be bootstrapped in.

INDEX

Bootstraps,
8K ROM (PDP-8/E) for TD8E
DECtape, 6
12K TD8E DEC tape , 7
cassette, 9
multiple RK8 disk, 21
multiple RK8E disk, 19
RF08/DF32 disk, 18
RXOI diskette, 21
single RK8 disk, 20
single RK8E disk, 19
TCOl/TC08 DECtape, 2

Cassette systems, 8-13
bootstrap, 9
loading system prog~ams from,
12-13

DECtape systems, 1-8
bootstraps, 2, 6, 7
TCOl/TC08, 2-3
TD8E, 3-7
Diskettes, RX01, 21
Disks,
bootstraps, 18, 19, 20, 21
RF08/DF32, 18-19
RK8, 20-21
RK8E, 19-20

Error messages,
TD8E initialization ,program,
5-6

Initialization program, T08E,
3-6

LINCtape, 7-8

Paper tape,
building OS/8 from, 13-16
loading a binary kit from,
16-18

RF08/DF32 disk, 18-19
bootstrap, 18
RK8 disk, 20-21
bootstrap for multiple RK8,
21
bootstrap for single RK8, 20
RK8E disk, 19-20
bootstrap for multiple disk,
19
bootstrap for single disk, 19
RXOl diskette, 21
bootstrap, 21

TCOl DECtape, 2
bootstrap, 2
TD8E DECtapes, 3-7
bootstraps, 6, 7
initialization program, 3-6

Index-l

05/8

System Generation Notes
AA-H606A-TA
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