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XX-CCF43-D4

January 1965

148 pages

Original

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Document:	PDP-7 BUS-PAK II
Order Number:	XX-CCF43-D4
Revision:
Pages:	148
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/PDP-7_BUS-PAK_II_Jan65.pdf

OCR Text

BUSINESS PACKAGE II
(BUS-PAK II)
REFERENCE MANUAL
PRE L1MI NARY

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS

BUSINESS PACKAGE II
(BUS-PAK II)
REFERENCE MANUAL

G B Colicell i
Digital Equipment Corporation
January 31, 1965

CONTENTS
Section
System Description.

•

•••••••••

System Configuration Requirements
Available Storage

Modes of Operation
Address i ng

••••••

••

•••••

•

••

••••••••

•••••••

Indexing ....••.•

00.

000

•••

••

•

•••••

•••••••••

•••••••••••••

•••••

Input-Output Storage Assignments
Editing ..••..••..•...•••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••

0.0

•••

•

••••

•

••••

••••••••••••••••••••

•••

••••••

•••••

••••••

••

•••••••••••••

•••••••••

••••••••••••••••

••

•••••

••••••••

0.0

o. 4

•••

3
4

••••••

•••••••••

Indirect Addressing .•..•...•••...•.....•.....••..••

••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Double Precision Arithmetic

••••

•••••

••••••

Program Counters ....•••••..•••••..•••.•••.•.••••..•..•........ 6
Sense Switches ....••••••..••..•..•••.••••••.....••••.••.••
Program Swi tches

••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••

••••••

6
6

Instruction Description .•..•••..••••••.•••.•...•.•...••••••.•••.. 7
Instruction Format .••••••••.•••••.•.••....•.•.••••••..•.•••.
Detai led Operand Descriptions.
Indexing

••••••••••••••••••••••••

••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••

8
9
12

Sing Ie. . • . • . • • • • . • . . • • • . • . . • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • . . . • . • . . . . . . • 12
Double •••.•••••••.•.•.••.••.••.••...•..•••.•....•••••. 13
Indirect Addressing.

••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Effective Address Cal cu lations ....••••...•..•••••••.•....••••..•. 14

III

Instruction Set.

••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Basic Control Instructions ....•••••.••••••.••••.•••••.••••. 16
Data Manipulation Instructions .••..•..••••••••••.•..•..••• 21
Logical Control Instructions .•.•.•.•.....•..•••••••••...•.. 28
Arithmetic Instructions ......•..•••......•.•.••..•...•..•. 33
Accumulator Shift Instructions •.•

•••••••••••••••••

••••••

CONTENTS (Cont'd)

Ed i ting Feature ..........•......•..•.•.•.•....•.•........ 48
Control Word Format ....•..............•.•....•... 49
AI phanumeri c Comparison Instructions .....••......•..•.•... 52
Numeri c Comparison Instructions ......•.•.........•.••.... 53
Index Control Instructions .....•..•......•..•.••••........ 54
Input-Output Instructions .....•..........•......•.......• 56
Teleprinter ................•...•.•..•.........•.. 56
Punch Card .....•...•.•..........•......•.....•.. 61
High Speed Pri nter .•......••..••.•..•.' .....•..•.. 63
Magneti c Tape ..•........•....•....•••.....••••. 65
Micro-Disk .....•...•.•.•....•....•...•.•••..•.. 79
Storage and Retrieval .......••.•...••............. 85
Checkpoint and Restart ....•..•....•......••.••..•. 87
Subroutine Control .............••.••.•......••..•.•..•.. 90
IV

Program Preparation .•..•.•..•.•••••....•.•...•.•.......•••...• 94

Symbol i c Language. . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . • . . • . • . . • . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . .. 96
Pu rpose ..•. . . • . . . . . • . . . • . • • . . • . • . • . • . . • . . . . . • . . • • . . • •. 96
Description of the Assembl er System. . . • • . . . . . • . . • . • . . . • . .. 96
Pseudo Instructions ................•.•.•....•.•..•..•...• 99
Assembler Features ......•.•.....•...•..•.....•.•..•....• 100

Assembling a Bus-Pak II Program ......•...••.....•.............•. 101
Loading the Assembler ..•....•...•.....•...........•.•..• 101
Loading the Symbolic Punch Definition Tape .......•.•...... 101
Assembling a Symbolic Language Tape .........., ..•....•... 102
"AC" Switch Control ....•..............•..•....••.•..... 103
Assembler Output .......•.............•.....•..•.......• 104

CONTENTS (Cont'd)

Stops during Assembly ....
Error Messages.

•

000

•

••

Equipment Operating Features ..
Card Reader .
Card Pun ch

••

•

High Speed Printer.

•

Magneti c Tape Transports •
Appendicies
I Character Code Chart
II Bus-Pak II Instruction List
III Bus-Pak II Error Messages
IV Forbidden Labels
V Bus-Pak II Coding Sheet
VI Programming Examples

••

•

••

••••

0000.

•

Loading the Object Program .•
VII

•

••••••

•

0.0000

•

000

•

••

•

••

•

••••

•

.0104

107

00108

••

1u4

108

111

•

•••

•

••

113

•

•••

•

118

SECTION I

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Bus-Pak II, in essence, is a new computer designed for data processing
operations. It operates on a character by character basis and its instructions are powerfu and easy to learn and understand.

Bus-Pak II offers a variety of powerful program-

ming features such as Editing, Two Modes of Indexing and Complete Input/Output Control. The Bus-Pak II programm ing system was developed so that many ()f the manual
record keeping and updating operations could easily be converted to make use of' the
PDP-4 or PDP-7 computing system. Bus-Pak II users need not be awarE~ of all thel
computer intricacies. Through the use of the pseudo-language, one ccm accomplish
most of the functions of a business oriented computer including the handling of the
peripheral in-out. equipment.
This manual has been written so that programmers with minimum experience wi II be able to learn and understand the Bus-Pak II Programm ing Language '.
Reference may also be made to either the PDP-4 or PDP-7 Assembler
writeups but is not a necessity.
Subroutines and other programs written in machine Assembler language
may be used within a Bus-Pak II program provided that the programmer saves the ~:tccumu
lator

before execution of a Bus-Pak II instruction, and restores it when re-entering the

mach ine language program where necessary.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS

The Bus -Pak II Programm ing System will 0 perate on either a PDP -4 or
PDP-7 with the following configurations:
Standard Equipment
aK core storage
Paper tape reader-punch
Teletype input-output
And at least 1 input and 1 output unit shown below
Optional Equipment
Card reader
Card punch
Magnetic tape
DECtape
High speed printer

AVA I LAB LE STORAGE
The Bus-Pak II operating system occupies all of upper memory
(l,0,0,0~ to 17777 a) and locations,0a to 21a of lower memory. The balance of lower

memory is avai lable to the user minus the sum of all the buffer areas assigned to
Magnetic Tape and Micro-Disk units being used.
7777a - total sum of all buffer areas -1 = last available storage location.
The following formula may be used to determine the additional nonavailable storage areas.

Magnetic Tape {for each un it used}
Maximum length tape record in characters .;. 3 = non -available storage.
Micro-Disk {for each unit used}(l}
{{768 - record length} x record length} 7 3 = non-available storage
{1} Do not use any remainders in calculations

MODES OF OPERATION
Bus-Pak II has two {2} modes of operation. A uRun" mode which is used
for normal execution of the users program and a "Single Instruction II mode for use in
debugging Bus-Pak II programs. The control of the mode of operation is by the AC
switch Zero (%) on the console.

When in the down position, Bus-Pak II operates in

the "Run" mode. When in the up position, Bus-Pak II operates in the "single instruction" mode.
In the single instruction mode of operation, Bus-Pak II halts after the
execution of each Bus-Pak II instruction and indicates in the AC lights on the console, the address of the next Bus-Pak II instruction to be executed. When a "GOTO"
{transfer} instruction is executed, Bus-Pak II will not stop until the instruction at the
location indicated by the G OTO instruction is executed.

ADDRESSING
Both instructions and data essential for processing are contained in core
storage. Each core storage location is completely addressable.
Bus-Pak II instructions are variable length type instructions in that not
all the instructions take up the same number of core storage locations.

Data fields being processed are also of the variable length type. A data
field length is determ ined by the II N II {number of characters} field in a spec ific instruction.
All data is processed from left to right, for as many characters specified
by the instruction being executed.
Both instructions and data may be interm ixed as long as the data does
not interfere with the normal flow of the program.

INPUT-OUTPUT STORAGE ASSIGNMENTS
No specific input-output areas have been assigned to any input-output
device in the Bus-Pak II system. The assignment of these areas has been left entirely
up to the programmer. In this way, more efficient and less core consuming programs
may be written. Care, though, must be taken so that an area defined for a spec ific
input-output device is large enough for that particular device.

EDITING
In the printing of reports, it is sometimes necessary to punctuate numeric
data by the addition of dollar signs, commas, and decimal points.

This punctuation

would take many, many instructions of testing and shifting the data, and inserting the
correct punctuation characters. The editing feature provides th is punctuation of data
automatically based on a control word specified by the user.
Floating dollar sign and asterisk protection is also available for check
writing. Multiple sequential data fields may be edited in one editing operation.

INDEXING
Indexing is a means of address modification without disturbing the

original data address in an instruction. Bus-Pak II makes available two modes ()f indexing, sing Ie indexing and double indexing.
An effective address is calculated for every "TO", uFROM", and II BY"
address field spec ified by an instruction.
In single indexing the contents of the index register specified b>' an
address field is added to the data address and this new effective address is used in the
execution of the instruction.
In double indexing, the contents of the index register specified by the
double index register is also added to the data address and this new address used in
the execution of the instruction.

INDIRECT ADDRESSING
When indirect addressing is specified, the address of the instruct'ion is
interpreted as the address of a register which contains the actual address of the data
to be processed. Multiple levels of indirect addressing are available and each level of
a JlTOu or ItFROMIt address field may use single and/or double indexing.

DOUBLE PRECISION ARITHMETIC
All arithmetic operations on numeric data must be done by the use of
one of the fifteen (15) double precision accumulators available in Bus-Pak II. Each
accumulator is capable of containing a magnitude not exceeding
± 3 4 3 5 9 7 3 8 3 6 7.

An overflow indicator (set when any calculated value exceeds that
limit) is associated with each of the 15 available accumulators. The signs of the
accumulators are computed algebraically depending on the signs of the data being
calculated.

PROGRAM COUNTERS
Fifteen (15) programmed counters are available for control of multiple
execution of a particular sequence of instructions.

SENSE SWITCHES
Fifteen (15) sense switches are available through the use of the AC
switches on the console for manual control of program execution.

PROGRAM SWITCHES
Fifteen (15) programmed switches are available for internal control of
program execution.

SECTION II

INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION

For ease in learning and understanding all the instructions, their
descriptions wi II follow the format indicated below:

INSTRUCTION TITLE:

Indicates the operation of the instruction.

IN STRUCTION FORMAT:

Indicates the exact format in which the instruction
is to be written.

op-code

The actua I mach ine code assembled for the instruction {for reference only}.

mnemonic

The mnemonic code for the instruction.

operands

Indicates the variable operands necessary for the
instruction in the sequence in which they must
appear.

INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION:

Describes, in detail, the operation of the instruction.

INSTRUCTION NOTE:

Indicates restrictions, exceptions, and requirements
for that instruction.

INSTRUCTION EXAMPLE:

Indicates the instruction1s effect on the data fields
showing what the appl icable fields look Iike both
before and after the instruction is executed.

INSTRUCTION FORMAT

Bus-Pak II instructions are divided into four distinct fields of information.
Each field must be separated from the other by either a carriage return (.) ) or a
tabulation (--t" ). The Bus -Pak II coding sheet has been developed for ease of coding
and punching of Bus-Pak II programs.

(S~e Appendix V)

FIELD

USE

LABEL

Used to assign a symbolic name to an instruction or
data for reference by instructions located elsewhere
in the program. A label may vary from one to six
alphanumeric characters in length, beginning with an
alphabetic character. Only the normal alphabetic
characters and the numbers 0-9 may be used in a
label.

A comma (,) must immediately follow the

label.
OPERATION

Indicates the operation to be performed by Bus-Pak II.
An instruction mnemonic will normally appear in this
field.

OPERANDS

This field is sub-divided into up to four sub-fields.
These fields are used to give Bus-Pak II the information needed to execute the instruction. Each subfield must be separated by a tabulation

(--r ).

All four fields need not be used on all instructions.
See IIDetailed Operand Description II •

COMMENT

This field may be used to place textual information
about the instruction on the I isting of the program
fer easier understanding of the program coding. A
slash (/) must immediately precede th is field. A
comment may contain any character and is only
term inated by a carriage return ( ~ ).

DETAILED OPERAND DESCRIPTION
Following is a detailed description of the different types of information
that may be contained in the operand field of an instruction. A name has been ,assigned
to each type of information for ease in recogn ition. These names will be used in the
description of the instructions, and should be referred to wherever necessary.
NAME

MEANING AND USE

Indicates the number of the Accumulator being used.

ALT

Indicates the alternate tape unit specified for use in
switch ing tape un its on End -of-Tape conditions.

Indicates the blocking factor for magnetic tape
initialization.

Indicates the address of the control word to be used
in an "Editing Operation ". It should be replaced by
the label assigned to the control word. Th is field
may be indexed, double indexed, and indirectly addressed. (See

CHAR R?

indexing feature).

Used in the character testing and forms control instructions. Must be written exactly as is with the

question mark (?) replaced by the character desired.
CTR

Indicates the program counter being used. Should be
replaced by the actual program counter number or
label.

FROM

Indicates the address of the data field being worked
with. Should be replaced by the label assigned to the
data field. This field may be indexed, double indexed, and indirectly addressed (see indexing feature).

IDX

Indicates the specific index register being used. It
should be replaced by the actual index number or
label.

INST

Indicates the address or label of an instruction in a
IIGOTOII instruction. This address may be indirectly
addressed, but not indexed. It is separated from the
"GOTOB! command by a space.

Indicates the length of a given record for an inputoutput device initialization.

Indicates the number of consecutive character locations that a particular instruction is to process.

Indicates either the sense switch or program switch
being used. Should be replaced by the actual switch
number or label.

Indicates the number of times a particular instruction
is to be executed. Can never be negative.

Indicates the address of the data field receiving information. Should be replaced by the label assigned
to the data field. Th is field may be indexed, double
indexed, and indirectly addressed. (See indexing
feature).

Indicates the particular input-output unit being used.
Should be replaced by the actual unit number or
label.

Indicates a value for use with the indexing and program counter instructions. Should be replaced by an
actual value.

INDEXING

SING LE INDEXING
A program sometimes requires that a particular sequence of instructions

be executed repetitively with a change only to the data addresses specified by the
instructions. The act of chang ing the data addresses prior to the execution of the instruction is referred to as address modification.
The indexing feature of Bus-Pak II performs this address modification
automatically. Making use of this indexing feature reduces the core storage requirements of a program and provides for faster program execution and simplification of the
programm ing effort.
Bus -Pak II makes ava ilable fifteen (15) index reg isters numbered 1 through
15. These index registers may be cleared, initially loaded with a given value, incremented or decremented by a given value, or deposited for the purpose of saving the
contents of the index reg ister •
To make use of the indexing feature, the programmer selects those instructions wh ich use indexing. He then indicates the indexing operation by plac ing the
symbol (+Xn), where n is the index register to be used, in the address field to be
indexed:
ADDRESS + Xn
Before an instruction is executed, the data addresses specified by that
instruction are exam ined for indexing. If indexing is required, the contents of the proper index register are added to the data address to develop an effective address. This
effective address is the actual address used in the execution of the instruction.

DOUBLE INDEXING
Indexing is the means of modifying

:I specific data address

by adding

the contents of a specified index register. Double indexing therefore is the means by
which the contents of a second index register may also be add ed to the data address.
The double index register is loaded with the index register number whose
contents are to be added to the data address when double indexing is specified.
Double indexing is specified by the symbol (+D) in the data address as
follows:
TO+D+X1
TO+D

INDIRECT ADDRESSING
When indirect addressing is specified, the register indicated by the address in the instruction contains the address to be used as the final data address.
Indirect addressing is specified by placing the symbol +1
address of the data address to be used.
FROM+I
TO+Xl+1
BY+X1~D+1

following the

EFFECTIVE ADDRESS CALCULATION

All II FROM" , "TO", and "BY" address fields of instructions calculate
an effective address in the following sequence.

FORMAT OF ADDRESS FIELD

1. Obtain the number in the address part, Y, bits 6-17.
2. If the index field, X, bits 0-3 is non -zero, add the contents of
the specified index register to the number obtained in step 1 •
3. Obtain the double indexing bit, D, bit 5. If it is a zero, go to
step 5. If H is a 1, go to step 4.
4. Add the contents of the index register specified by the double index
register to the result of steps 1 and 2.
5. Obta in the indirect bit, I, bit 4. If it is a zero, the ca Iculation
is done and the result of steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 is the effective address.
If it is a 1, go to step 6.
6. Use the address calculated by steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 to obtain a new
word from memory, and go back to step 1 •
The effective address calculation continues until a word is encountered
with a %in bit 4. At th is point the result of steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 is taken as the effective address for that instruction.

SECTION III

INSTRUCTION SET

The Bus-Pak II instruction set has been divided into specific types of instructions.
They wi II be described in the following sequence:
1. Basic Control Instructions
2. Data Manipulation Instructions
3. Logical Control Instructions
4. Arithmetic Instructions
5. Accumulator Sh ift Instructions
6. Editing Instructions
7. Alphanumeric and Numeric Comparison Instructions
8. Indexing Control Instructions
9. Input-Output Instructions
a • Tel eprinter
b. Punched Cards
c. High Speed Printer
d. Magnetic Tape
e. Micro-Disk
f. Storage and Retrieval Instructions
g. Checkpo int and Restart
10. Subroutine Control Instructions

BASIC CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

The following instructions are used to control the Bus -Pak II operating system:
DECIMAL RADIX CONTROL

op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

DECIMAL

This is an instruction to the assembler to accept all numeric data as decimal
numbers.
NOTE:

1. This instruction must appear after the program IrTitle" and
before any Bus-Pak II instructions.
2. Th is instruction does not occupy any core storage locations.

ANELEX CHARACTER MODE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

ANELEX
Th is is an instruction to the assemb ler to accept a II textua I or character information of the program in "ANE LEX" code.
NOTE:

1. Th is instr uction must appear after the program "Title" and before
any Bus -Pak II instruction.

2. Th is instruction does not occupy any core storage location.
3. All textua I or character information used either in the Bus -Pak II
instructions themselves or as constants necessary in the processing of
the data must be in IIANE LExn code.

4. Textual information (see IITEXT'r pseudo instruction) will be stored
3 characters per word. When expanded to one character pel word
Bus -Pak II assumes the data is in IrAN ELEx rr code.

TELETYPE CHARACTER MODE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

TELETYPE
Th is is an instruction to the assembler to accept all textual or character information of the program in IITELETYPEII code.
NOTE:

1. This instruction is to be used prior to the defining of textual information which will only be typed out on the on-line teleprinter.
2. Textual information used for message printing is usually placed at the
end of the program. If it is inserted within the program itself, ItANELEX"
must again be specified to insure correct character conversion for the remaining part of the program.
17

IN ITIALIZE SYSTEM
op-code

mnemonic

1174,0'1

BEGIN

variable operands

Th is instruction causes the Bus -Pak II operat ing system to be in itia lized •
NOTE:

1. This instruction must be the first instruction executed by the
users program.
2.

Initialized the on -line teleprinter by setting it to lower case and

typing a I ine feed and carriage return.
3. Clears all the interrupt flags in the computer and turns the interrupt
to the "ON" state.
4. Resets certain controls in the Bus-Pak II operating system.
5. When the Bus-Pak II system is operating in the single instruction
mode, the system will not stop until the instruction immediately following
th is instruction has been executed.

UNCONDITIONAL TRANSFER
op-code

mnemonic

6¢¢¢¢¢

GOTO INST

variable operands

This instruction causes a transfer of the program control from one sequence of
instructions to another.
NOTE:

1. The "GOTO" and the instruction address IrINSTu must only be
separated by a space.
2. Indirect Addressing may be used with th is instruction. (See
Indirect Addressing).
3. Indexing and Double Indexing may not be used with this instruction.
4. When the Bus-Pak II system is operating in the Single Instruction
Mode, the system will not stop until the instruction at location "INSTrI
has been executed.

NO OPERATION
op-code

mnemonic

74¢¢¢¢

NOP

variable operands

Th is instruction performs no operation.
NOTE:

1. Th is instruction can be substituted for the operation code and
operand fields of instructions to make the instruction ineffective.
2. When the Bus-Pak II system is operating in the Single Instruction
Mode, the system will not stop until the next Bus-Pak II instruction
immediately following this instruction has been executed.

STOP
op-code

mnemonic

1755353

STOP

variable operands

This instruction will cause the Bus-Pak II system to stop operations.
NOTE:

1. The system will first wait until all input-output operations
have been com pi eted •
2. The address of the next instruction following the STOP command
is displayed on the console AC lights.
3. When the Bus-Pak II system is operating in the Single Instruction
Mode, the system will again stop after the CONTINUE key on the
console is depressed before executing the next instruction.

DATA MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions are used to manipulate and position input and calculated
data for eventua I output.

CLEAR STORAGE
mnemonic

variable operands

CLRSTR

FROM

The "N" consecutive locations starting at address rrFROMrr are cleared to
blanks (2fi1 octal).
NOTE:

1. The original "N" consecutive locations at rrFROMn are lost.

EXAMPLE:
CLRSTR

CONTENTS OF

before

1 2 5 7 3 %

CORE STORAGE

after

1 b b b 3 %

- - -

CORE STORAGE

5 5

ADDRESSES

~ %

MOVE CHARACTERS
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17411

FROM

The II N II consecutive characters starting at address ,rFROMrr are moved from left
to right to the II N II consecutive character positions starting at address "Torr.
NOTE:

1. The original IINII consecutive characters at JrTorr are replaced by
the II N II consecutive characters at "FROM"-. The rrN n consecutive
characters at IIFROMII are left undisturbed.

EXAMPLE:
MV

47¢

CONTENTS OF

before

A B C D E F

CORE STORAGE

after

A B C A B C

473

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

MOVE ZONE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17412

MVZ

FROM

The zone portion only (bits B and A of a character) of the rrN" consecutive
characters with the starting address II FROM II are moved from left to right to the zone
portion only of the "N II consecutive characters with the starting address uTO" .'
NOTE:

1. The original zone portions only of the uNit consecutive
characters at "TOil are replaced by the zone portions only of
II

Nil consecutive characters at ItFROMIt. The rrNIt consecutive

characters at "FROM" and the numeric portion only of the uN"
consecutive characters at ItTOIt are left undisturbed.
EXAMPLE:

5%5

5%2

MVZ

+
CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

5 7 6 3 9 1
+
+
5 7 6 3 9 1

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

MOVE NUMERIC
~)p-code

mnemonic

variable operands

117413

MVN

FROM

The numeric portion only of the uN" consecutive characters with the starting
address "FROM" are moved to the numeric portion only of the rrN" consecutive charclcters with the starting address "TO".
NOTE:

1. The original numeric portion only of the uN" consecutive
characters at "TO" are replaced with the numeric portion only
of the" N" consecutive characters at rrFROMrr. The n Nrr consecutive
characters at "FROM" and the zone portion only of the rrN" consecutive characters at "TO" are left undisturbed.

EXAMPLE:
MVN

3¢¢

CONTENTS OF

before

5 7 3 5 2 1

CORE STORAGE

after

5 7

+
-

3 5 7 -3

CORE STORAG E

ADDRESSES

MOVE AND SUPPRESS ZEROS
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17414

MVS

FROM

The "N" consecutive characters with the starting address rrFROMu are moved
to the "N" consecutive character positions with the starting address uTOu. As each
character is moved, it is tested for zero. If it is a zero and it is to the left of the
most significant digit (other than zero), the zero is replaced by a blank (2¢ octal).
When the most significant digit is found, zero suppressing is term inated.
NOTE:

1. The orig inal liN II consecutive characters at rrTOIr are replaced
by the liNn consecutive characters at rrFROMIr •
2. All leading zeros up to the most sign ificant dig it are replaced
by blanks.
3. All zones of the rece iving field are lost.
4. The "N" consecutive characters at rrFROMrr are left undisturbed.
5. If a field contains all zeros, the resulting field will be entirely
blank.

EXAMPLE:
MVS

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

¢ ¢ 5 A B C
+
¢ ¢ 5 b b 5

- -

CORE STORAG E

ADDRESSES

¢
¢

MOVE AND EXPAND
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

17415

MVX

FROM

The II N II consecutive characters {packed three characters per storage word}
with the starting address "FROM" are moved to the "N" consecutive character
positions {one character per storage word} with the starting address "Ton.
NOTE:

1. The orig ina I II N II consecutive characters at trTO" are replaced
by the "NII consecutive characters with the starting address ItFROMII •
The II N II consecutive characters {packed three characters per storage
word} at "FROM" are left undisturbed.
2. The "N" consecutive characters at HFROM,r mus't be in "ANELEX"
code and packed three characters per storage word ~
3. The pseudo-instructi·on nTEXTrr under rr ANELExrr code control
is used to input the II Nil consecutive characters, packed three characters
per storage word at "FROMrr.
4. This instruction is normally used to expand rrCONSTANTIJ information used as input to the assembly process so that it can be used by the
Bus-Pak II data manipulation instructions.

CHARACTER ZONE MANIPULATION

op-code

mnemonic

variable operands
TO

These instructions operate on the zone portion only of the character at location
II

TO II • Following are the instruction mnemonics and the effect each has on the char-

acter zone.

op-code

mnemonic

effect
-

1742%

SETX

sets zone to 6% octal (plus)

17421

SETY

sets zone to 4% octal (m inus)

17422

CLZ

clears the zone to %% octal

NOTE:

1. The numeric portion of the character is left undisturbed.

LOGICAL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
The follow ing instructions may be used to control the log ica I flow of the program.
Both internal and external control are available.
Internal control may be exercised by the use of program switches, program counters,
ror the actual data being processed.

External control can be exercised by the use of sense switches on the computer
console.

TEST CHARACTER EQUAL
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

17456

TCE

CHAR R?

GOTO INST

The single character at address IITOII is compared to the character IICHAR R?II

If the single character at address "Ton is identical to the character desired the
instruction 'roTO INSP' will be executed. Otherwise, the program continues in
sequence.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. The character at address "Ton must be in BCD mode, one character
per storage location.
3. The character being tested for by "CHAR R?1t must be under the
ANELEX mode when being assembled.
4. Bus-Pak II will automatically convert the character desired from
AN ELEX to BCD code before the actua I test is made.
5. Indexing, double indexing I and/or indirect addressing may be used
with the "TOil address.

SEARCH FOR CHARACTER
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175%5

This instruction will cause a

CHAR R?

FROM

GOTO INST

search, character by character, of the rrN"

consecutive characters with the starting address rrFROMrr for the character rrCHAR R?It.
If no such character is found within the rrNrr characters being tested the instruction JIG OTO INSTH wi II be executed. If the character is found, the program
continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
2. The count of the number of characters tested before the character
was found will be found in index register #15. {For example, if
the character desired was in the first location searched, index
register #15 would contain zero}.
3. The previous contents of index reg ister #15 are lost.

TEST SENSE SWITCH
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17457

TSS

GOTO INST

This instruction enables the user to test one of the 15 sense switches on the
computer console. If the switch being tested is in the up position, the rrGOTO INSTil
will be executed.
NOTE:

Otherwis e the program continues in sequence.

1. The right most 15 accumulator switches on the console are
defined as sense switches, numbered 1 through 15 respectively.

CHARACTER ZONE TESTS
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands
FROM

GOTO INST

These instructions test the two zone bits of the character at location "FROM" •
The following table defines the instruction mnemonic and the condition under which
the IIGOTO INST" wi" be executed.

op-code

mnemonic

condition

17462

IFX

Zone portion equal to 60 octal (plus)

17463

IFY

Zone portion equal to 40 octal (minus)

Note:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.

LOAD PROGRAM COUNTER
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17454

LDCTR

CTR

This instruction causes program counter IICTR,r to be set to the value "yn.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. lIyll must not be a negative val ue.
3. If the II TSTCTR" instruction is to be executed prior to the instructions to be repeated, the value 'ryn must be the number of repeats

+1 •
4. Fifteen (15) program counters are available in the Bus-Pak II
system.

TEST PROGRAM COUNTER
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17455

TSTCTR

CTR

GOTO INST

Th is instruction decrements the contents of program counter rrCTRrr and tests the
results. If the result is not zero, the instruction "GOTO INSTrr will be executed.
Otherwise, the program continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft und isturbed •

2. This instruction is normally executed immediately following the
instructions being repeated with the rrGOTorr instruction transferring
to the first instruction being repeated.

PROGRAM SWITCH CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands
SW

These instructions are used to control the status of the rrsw n internal prognam
switch. Fifteen (15) program switches are available in .he Bus-Pnk II system. The
following table defines the instructions mnemonic to be used and its effect on the
program switches.
op-code

mnemonic

effect

17464

SET

Sets the switch rrsw" to the ON state

17465

CLEAR

Sets the switch rrsw'r to the OFF state

NOTE:

1. If nsw" is zero (¢), the instruction affects all fifteen (15)
program switches.
2. Core storage is left undisturbed.

TEST PROGRAM SWITCH
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

174613

TPS

GOTO INST

This instruction tests program switch nsw" and if switch trSW" is set, the
instruction "GOTO INSTil is executed. Otherwise, the program cont inues in
sequence.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.

TEST ACCUMULATOR OVERFLOW
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17461

TAO

GOTO INST

The overflow indicator of the accumulator specified by "ACtr is tested. If an
overflow has occurred in the specified accumulator, the instruction "GOTO INST" is
executed. Otherwise the program continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. The overflow indicator of the spec ified accumulator is
cleared by this instruction.
2. The overflow indicator 'is also cleared when a IVCLRAcn instruction
is executed.
3. If an overflow has occurred on an accumulator operation, the
result of the operation is indeterminate.

ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
All arithmetic operations must be done in one of the 15 accumulators available
in the Bus-Pak II programming system. These accumulators are numbered 1 through 15,
each of which can contain a positive or negative value whose magnitude does not exceed
± 3 4 3 5 9 7 3 8 3 6 7.

If the magnitude exceeds the I~ximurn., overflow occurs.

An overflow indicator is associated with each of the 15 accumulators.
The signs of the contents of the accumulators are computed algebraically consistent
with the sign of the data in the accumulator itself and the sign of the data being used in
the computation.
The sign of the data stored in core storage may be found over the un its position of
the data being computed. If the zone of the units position is equal to 40 octal, t·he
value is negative. Otherwise the sign is assumed positive.
The sign when stored into core storage after an accumulation will always be placed
over the units position of the data being stored. A negative sign will be equal tOt 40 octal
and a positive sign will be equal to 60 octal.
Signs over other than the units position of data being used will be ignored.
For decimal point alignment see "Accumulator Shift Instructions lt • The imaginary
decimal point location must be taken into consideration in all arithmetic operations,
especially in the multiplication and d'ivision operations. The following rules apply:
Multiplication
The number of decimal places in the product will be the sum of the decimal
places of the multiplicand and the multiplier.

Division
The number of decimal places in the quotient will be the number of decimal
places of the dividerP minus the number of dec imal places of the divisor.
Addition and Subtraction
When adding or subtracting different values, the decimal point must be aligned
correctly or incorrect results will occ.ur.

CLEAR ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

var iab Ie operands

1741,0'

CLRAC

The contents of accumulator IIACII are set to plus zero (+,0').
NOTE:

1. The original contents of accumulator rrACtr are lost.
2. The overflow indicator assoc iated with accumulator nACII is
cleared.
3.

If uAC" is made zero (iJ), all accumulators are set to plus

zero (+0) and all their associated overflow indicators are
cleared.

LOAD ACCUMULATOR
mnemonic

variable operands

LOADAC

FROM

The II N II consecutive characters with the starting address rrFROM II are placed
into the accumulator "AC" •
NOTE:

1. The original contents of accumulator rrAcrr a re lost.
2. The sign of accumulator II AC" is made equa I to the sign
over the units position of the uN II consecutive characters at IIFROM" •
3. Core storage is left undisturbed.
4. The overflow indicator associated with accumulator "AC" is left
und isturbed •

EXAMPLE;

5,01

LOADAC

CONTENTS OF

before

Q 3 4

CORE STORAGE

after

-. 2 3 4

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

,0
1

CONTENTS OF

before

+35291

ACCUMULATOR

after

-234

DEPOSIT ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

174¢6

DEPAC

The right most II N II consecutive characters of the contents of accumulator "ACII
are deposited into the II N II consecutive characters with the starting address liTO II •
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator IIAcn are left undisturbed.
2. The original IIN" consecutive characters at IrTon are lost.

3. The sign of the accumulator is placed in the zone portion of the
units position of the data deposited.

4. The overflow indicator associated with accumulator nACII is left
und isturbed •
EXAMPLE:

DEPAC

CO NTENTS OF

before

3 7 9

CO RE STORAGE

after

5 2 1

CO RE STORAGE

AD DRESSES

¢
1

CONTENTS OF

before

-39521

ACCUMULATOR

after

-39521

1¢

5¢1

ADD TO ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175fJ3

ADDAC

FROM

The "N" consecutive characters with the starting address ffFROM" are algebraically added to the contents of accumulator IIAcn and the result placed in accumulator
"AC" •
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
2. The sign over the units position of the rrN" consecutive characters
at "FROM Il is taken jnto consideration.
3. The original contents of accumulator Ir Acrr are lost.
4. If the result of the addition produced a value whose magnitude
exceeds the capacity of the accumulator I the associated overflow
ind icator wi II be set. The result itsel f is indeterm inate.
5. Zero answers wi II always be made +fJ.

EXAMPLE:

5fJ1

ADDAC

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

fJ 5
fJ 5 3

CORE STORAG E

ADDRESSES

fJ
1

CONTENTS OF

before

+2fJfJ

ACCUMULATOR

after

+147

SUBTRACT FROM ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

174,0'3

SUBAC

FROM

The II N II consecutive characters with the starting address trFROMn are algebraically subtracted from the contents of accumulator trAcn and the result placed into accumulator IlACIl •
NOTE:

1. The original contents of accumulator rrAcn are lost.
2. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
3. The sign over the un its position of the nNrt consecutive characters
being added is taken into consideration.
4. If the result of the subtraction produces a value whose magnitude
exceeds the capac ity of the accumulator, the associated overflow
ind icator wi II be set. The resu It itsel f is indeterm inate.

EXAMPLE:

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

,0' 2 5

SUBAC
-

5,0'1

,0' 2 5

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

,0'
1

CONTENTS OF

before

-5,0',0'

ACCUMULATOR

after

-475

MULTIPLY ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

variab Ie operands

174,0'4

MULAC

FROM

The contents of accumulator II ACII are multipl ied by the nN II consecutive
characters with the starting address "FROMIt and the result placed in accumulator
"AC".
NOTE:

1. The original contents of accumulator nAcrr are lost.
2. Core storage is left undisturbed.
3. If the result of the multiplication produces a value whose
magnitude exceeds the capacity of the accumulator I the associated
overflow indicator will be set. The result itself is indeterminate.

EXAMPLE:

MULAC

CONTENTS OF

before

+
¢ 1 2

CORE STORAGE

after

CORE STORAGE

+
,0' 1 2
5

ADDRESSES

,0'
1

CONTENTS OF

before

+12

ACCUMULATOR

after

+144

5,0'1

DIVIDE INTO ACCUMULATOR
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

174135

DIVAC

FROM

The contents of accumulator II AC" are divided by the nN II consecutive characters with the starting address II FROM". The results are placed in accumulator II AC" •
NOTE:

1. If the "N" consecutive characters with the starting address
II

FROM II are greater than the contents of accumulator It ACII I the

result of the division is zero.
2. The integral part of the quotient is taken as the result and the
fractional part (the remainder) is discarded.
3. The original contents of accu mulator rrACIt are lost.
4. Core storage is left undisturbed.
5. Overflow may not be set because of a division.
EXAMPLE:
DIVAC

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

13 13 5
13 13 5

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

13
1

CONTENTS OF

before

+23

ACCUMULA TOR

after

5131

ADD TO MEMORY
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17523

ADDMEM

The contents of accumulator "AC" are algebraically added to the "N" consecutive characters with the starting address II TOil • The results are placed into the "NII
consecutive character positions with the starting address nTO" •
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator II ACIt are left undisturbed.
2. The sign over the un its position of the nN n consecutive characters
at II TO II is taken into consideration.
3. The orig ina I liN II consecutive characters at ItTO" are lost.
4. If the result of the addition produced a value whose magnitude
exceeded the capacity of the accumulator I the associated overflow
indicator will be set. The result itself is indeterminate.
5. The sign of the result is placed over the un its position of the II Nil
consecutive characters at nTo·r.

EXAMPLE:
ADDMEM

CONTENTS OF

before

%7 5 3 9

CORE STORAG E

after

1 1 ~ 3 9

CORE STORAG E

ADDRESSES

CONTENTS OF

before

+35

ACCUMULATOR

after

+35

SUBTRACT FROM MEMORY
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17522

SUBMEM

The contents of accumulator "AC" are algebraically subtracted from the liN"
consecutive characters with the starting address "TOII. The results are placed into
the II Nil consecutive character positions with the starting address "TOil •
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator IIAC" are left undis,turbed.
2. The sign over the units position of the IrNIt consecutive characters
at II TOil is taken into consideration ..
3. The original II N II consecutive characters at Irro n are lost.
4.

If the result of the subtraction produced a value whose magnitude

exceeds the capacity of the accumulator, the associated overflow
indicator will be set. The result itself is indeterminate.
5. The sign of the result is placed over the units position of the
"N" consecutive characters at liTO".
EXAMPLE:

1,0'

CONTENTS OF

before

Z ,0' 5 ¢ 9 9

CORE STORAGE

after

Z 3 5 ,0' 9 9

SUBMEM

__--_
.....

5,0'1

...

CORE STORAGE

5 5

ADDRESSES

,0' ,0'

,0'

,0' 1

l-.

CONTENTS OF

before

+3,0',0'

ACCUMULA TOR

after

+3,0',0'

1,0'

MULTIPLY MEMORY
?p-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17524

MULMEM

The contents of the II N II consecutive characters with the starting address II TOil
are multipl ied by the contents of accumulator If Acn. The results are placed into the
II

Nil consecutive character positions with the starting address nTon.

NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator II ACIt are left undisturbed.
2. The original II Nil consecutive characters at rrTon are lost.
3. If the result of the multiplication produced a value whose
magn itude exceeded the capac ity of an accumu lator, the assoc iated
overflow indicator will be set. The result itself is indeterminate.
4. The sign of the result is placed over the units position of the "N"
consecutive characters with the starting address rrTO".

EXAMPLE:

MULMEM

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE

after

~ ~ 1 2
~ 1 4 4

CORE STORAGE

ADDRESSES

~
~

CONTENTS OF

before

+12

ACCUMULATOR

after

+12

DIVIDE INTO MEMORY
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17525

DIVMEM

The II N II consecutive characters with the starting address liTO" are divided by
the contents of accumulator II AC". The result is placed into the rrN n consecutive
character positions with the starting address "Ton.
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator tr Acrr are left undisturbed.
2. The orig@nal II N II consecutive characters at n-TOII are lost.
3. The integral part of the quotient is taken as the result and the
fractional part (the remainder) is discarded.
4. If the contents of accumulator "Acrr are greater than the II N II
consecutive characters with the starting address nTO", the result
of the division is plus zero (+91).
5. Overflow may not be set because of division.

EXAMPLE:

DIVMEM

CONTENTS OF

before

CORE STORAGE
CORE STORAGE

after

13 1 4 4
13 13 1 2
5

13
%

ADDRESSES
-

-CONTENTS OF

before

+12

ACCUMULA TOR

after

+12

113

ACCUMULATOR SHIFT INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions may be used for the alignment of decimal positions in
arithmetic operations.
The imaginary decimal point location must be taken into consideration for (lll
arithmetic operations. (See Arithmetic Instructions).

SHIFT ACCUMULATOR LEFT
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175¢6

SHFTL

This instruction causes the contents of accumulator rrAC" to be shifted left
"T" character positions.
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator nAC" are in essence multipl ied
by l¢T.
2.

In shifting an accumulator left I the resulting contents of the

accumulator may not exceed the capacity of the accumulator.
3. The sign of the accumulator is left undisturbed.
4. Overflow may be set.
EXAMPLE:
SHFTL

CONTENTS OF

before

+321

ACCUMULATOR

after

+321¢¢¢

SHIFT ACCUMULATOR RIGHT
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175Jt7

SHFTR

Th is instruction causes the contents of the accumulator rr Acn to be sh ifted right
"T" character positions.
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator JrAc·r are in essence divided by
l%T.
2.

If the contents of the accumulator being shifted are less in value

than l,0'T, the result of the shift will be plus zero (+¢).
3. The sign of the accumulator is left undisturbed.
EXAMPLE:
SHFTR

1,0'

CONTENTS OF

before

+52173

ACCUMULATOR
1,0'

after

+521

SHIFT ACCUMULATOR RIGHT AND ROUND
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

1751.0'

SHFTRR

The contents of accumulator IJ ACII are sh ifted right uT'r character positions.
A five (5) is added to the last character being shifted to increment the resulting contents
of the accumulator by one (l) if the last character was a va lue of five or more.
NOTE:

1. The contents of accumulator IIACII are in essence divided
by l¢T.
2. If the last character be ing sh ifted is equa I to or greater than 5,
a one is added to the units position of the resulting c'ontents of the
accumulator.
3. If the contents of the accumulator being shifted are less than 5 x
l¢T-1, the result of the shift will be plus zero (+¢).
4. The sign of the accumulator is left undisturbed.

EXAMPLE:
SHFTRR

CONTENTS OF

before

+725731

ACCUMULATOR

after

+726

EDITING FEATURE
Bus-Pak II has the ability to automatically punctuate numeric data for eventual
output on printed reports. Through the use of a control word, any format of punctuation
may be obtained.
In editing, certain laws must be followed to insure correct punctuation of data.
Some of these laws are common to both editing instructions and will be defined below.
The laws not common to both editing instructions will be defined in the description of
their respective edit instruction.
COMMON LAWS
1. The II Nil field of the edit instruction must indicate the length of the
control word being used, not the number of characters being edited.
2. The number of blanks and zeroes contained in a control word must
equal the total number of characters to be edited.
3. The II FROMII address field must always address the first character
to be edited.
4. The IITOII address field must always address the first character of the
control word being used in the output field.

CONTROL WORD FORMAT
The control word is made up of certain characters wh ich govern the editing operation.
Follow ing is a I ist of these characters and the ir effect on the editing operation:
Character

Effect

~ (blank)

Is replaced by its corresponding digit of the "N"
consecutive characters being edited. If its correspond ing dig it is zero (12 -octa I) and zero suppress ing
is active, the current filler code will replace the
blank.

13 (zero)

Is replaced by its corresponding digit of the II Nil
consecutive characters being edited. If its corresponding digit is zero (12-octal) and zero suppressing
is active, the current filler code will replace the
zero. Zero suppressing is then made inactive"

, (comma)

Remains in the edited character position where it
was orig ina lIy placed. Is replaced by the current
filler code only if zero suppressing is active •

• (decimal point)

Remains in the edited character position where it was
orig ina II y placed. Is replaced by the current fi II er
code only if zero suppressing is active.

$ (dollar sign)

Remains in the edited character position where it
was originally placed.

* (asterisk)

Indicates the asterisk protection feature is acHve.
Asterisk (*) is made the current filler code and it
will replace all characters being suppressed. Normally the filler code is blank (20-octal).

-.-:~. (floating dollar sign)

Indicates the floating dollar sign feature is active.
Dollar sign ($) is made the current filler code and it
will replace all characters being suppressed. As each
suppressed character is replaced by a dollar sign, the
preceding character is made blank (20-octal). Normally the filler code is blank (20-octal).
Remains in the edited character positions where it

CR (Credit Symbol)

was originally placed only if the sign of the data
being edited is minus. If the sign is plus, the "CRII
is replaced by blanks. Has th is effect on Iy if CR are
the right most two characters in the control word.
Remains in the edited character position where it

- (m inus sign)

was originally placed only if the sign of the data being
edited is minus. If the sign is pi us, the II _II is replaced
by a blank. Has this effect only if the symbol "_"
is the right most character of the control word.

EDITING EXAMPLES
DATA

EDIT CONTROL WORD

RESULTS

$ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ¢ • b ~
b b $ b b , ~~¢

$ b b b 5 9 3 .¢¢

¢¢593¢~
+

¢¢593¢¢

- - -

$ b b b 5 9 3

- - -

¢¢ b

$ b 1 , 3 2 5 • 9 9 CR

%¢¢5278

$ b b , ~ ~ ¢ • b b CR
$ b b , ~ ~ ¢ • b b
- $ * b , !:~¢
b b -

$ * * * * 5 2

7 8 ,b

¢¢¢¢¢¢5

$ * b , !:~¢

b b CR

$ * * * * * *

¢ 5 b b

b
b • b b CR
- -b , !: ¢ - -

$ 7 5

6 3 CR

$ ¢ 3

2 5 -

¢132599
¢¢¢¢¢¢¢
4--

¢¢¢7563

.l-

¢¢¢¢325

-.b b

, ~¢ b

b b -

$ b b b b b b .¢¢

- - - -

EDIT
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17416

EDIT

FROM

This instruction causes the numeric data with the starting address IIFROMII to be
moved to and edited by the control word contained in the nNIt consecutive charac:ters
with the starting address II TOil •
NOTE:

1. The numeric data at II FROMn are left undisturbed.
2. The control word to be used in the editing operation must first
be moved to the liNn consecutive characters at nTon.
3. IINII must specify the length of the control word being used.

MOVE AND EDIT
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17417

MVEDIT

FROM

This instruction operates similarly to the nEDIT'r instruction except that the control
word need not be previously placed into the trNII consecutive characters with the starting address II TOil. Th is instruction op erates in the following sequence:
1. The II Nil consecutive characters at ItBY" are moved and expanded to thE:!
II N II consecutive characters with the starting address IrTon.
2. Then the numeric data at II FROM II is moved to and edited by the liN I!I' consecutive characters at nTO II •
NOTE:

1. The numeric data at ItFROM It is left undisturbed.
2. The control word specified by the ftBYlr address must be defined
using the IITEXTIt pseudo instruction and must also be in ItANELEX" code.
3. The editing operation is affected by the characters previously defined.

ALPHANUMERIC AND NUMERIC COMPARISON INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions are divided into two distinct types of comparisons.
Alphanumeric, which may be used to compare data internally in core storage and
numeric which is used to compare the contents of an accumulator to data in core storage.

ALPHANUMERICAL COMPARISONS
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands
N

FROM

GOTO INST

With all the alphanumeric comparison instructions, the rrNIt consecutive characters
at the starting address "FROM" are compared alphanumerically to the rrN" consecutive
characters with the starting address "TO". The execution of the rrGOTO INspr is dependent on the type of comparison made and its results. The following table indicates
the types of comparisons that can be made and the conditions checked for. The ItGOTO
INSTil is executed only if the condition is met.
op-code

mnemonic

"G OTO INSP" executed if

17466

CMPEQU

"FROM't equal to "TO"

17467

CMPUEQ

ItFROM,runequal to rrTorr

17471

CMPGRT

"FROM" greater than nTorr

1747%

CMPLES

"FROMIt less than "To,r

17424

CMPGEQ

"FROM,r greater or equal to ,rTorr

174f07

CMPLEQ

"FROMrr less or equal to rrTorr

NOTE:

1 • See the collating sequence spec ified in Appendix I.

NUMERICAL COMPARISON
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands
AC

GOTO INST

With all the numeric comparison instructions the contents of accumulator II ACII
are compared numerically to the IINII consecutive characters starting at address IITOII.
The following table defines the types of comparisons that can be made. The table indicates the instruction mnemonic and the condition that is to be met for the IIGOTO INSTil
instruction to be executed.
o~-code

mnemonic

IIGOTO INSTn executed if

17472

EQUAL

(tAcn equal to 'tTort

17473

UNEQUAL

nAC" unequal to nTO't

17475

GREATER

"Acn greater than 'tTO't

17474

LESS

IIACII less than "TO't

17477

GRTEQU

IlAcn greater or equal to ,rTo n

17476

LESEQU

"ACIt less or equal to "Torr

NOTE:

1• Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. The sign {zone} of the least significant digit of the nN"
consecutive characters at nTO" are taken into consideration.
3. All other zones of the nN n consecutive characters at nTO"
are ignored.
4. The contents of accumulator ItAC't are left undisturbed.

INDEX CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
Fifteen (15) index registers are available for address modification in the
Bus-Pak II system.

Double indexing is also available. Normal indexing is

not required to make use of double indexing.

LOAD INDEX WITH YALUE
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

1745~

LDIDX

IDX

This instruction sets the contents of index register nIDX" to the value "Y".

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.

NOTE:

2. To clear an index register I nyu would be made equal to zero (Jt1).
3. "Y" may be an address or a positive or negative number.
4. The prev ious contents of index reg ister rr I Dxn are lost.

ADD Y ALUE TO IN DEX
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17451

ADDIDX

IDX

This instruction causes the value ,rv rr to be algebraically added to the
contents of index register nIDx,r.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. The value IrY" may be a positive or negative number I or address.
3. The previous contents of index register lI'IDXrt are lost.

DEPOSIT INDEX
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17453

DEPIDX

IDX

This instruction deposits the contents of index register uIDX" in the single
storage location liTO".
NOTE:

1. The contents of the index reg ister are left undisturbed.
2. An index register is normally deposited into the "N", IIY",
or address fields of instructions.

lOAD INDEX WITH DECIMAL YALUE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17452

LDIDEC

IDX

FROM

This instruction loads index register trlDx rr with the nl}meric value of the "Nil
consecutive characters with the starting address rrFROMtt •
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
2. The value of the uN" consecutive character at uFROM" may be
positive or negative.
3. The previous contents of index register rrlDxrr are lost.

LOAD DOUBLE INDEX REGISTER
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175%2

LDBLlDX

IDX

The index register number ttlDxrr is loaded into the double index register.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is ledt undisturbed.
2. tllDXtI will be the index register number of the index register
to be used whenever double indexing is spec ified.

INPUT-OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
The following pages contain the input-output instructions to input data to,
or output data from, the Bus -Pak II operat ing system.

TELEPRINTER INPUT -OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
The foUowing instructions perm it input from or output to the on -I ine teleprinter
with com pI ete forms control.

TYPE A LINE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17431

TYPE

FROM

The II N II consecutive characters with the starting address IIFROM" are typed
on the on -line teleprinter.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
2. The character information to be typed must always be in BCD
code one character per storage location.
3.

Indexing, double indexing, and/or indirect addressing may

be used with the address rrFROMrr.

TYPE TEXT INFORMATION
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17434

TYPTXT

FROM

The textual information with the starting address II FROM" is typed on the
on -I ine teleprinter.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. The tex tu al information must be defined using the II TEXT"
pseudo instructions.
3. The "TELETYPE" instructions must precede the definition of
the "TEXTH information. (See also rrTEXTIr instruction).
4. Indexing, double indexing, and/or indirect addressing may
be used with the address rrFROMrr •

TYPE TABULATION
op-code

mnemonic

17433

TAB

variable operands

This instruction causes the on -I ine teleprinter to be spaced to the next tab
location.
NOTE:

1. Tabs are assumed 1,0 character positions apart.
2. The number of spaces spaced will be the remaining number of
spaces needed to position the on -I ine teleprinter at the next tab
location.

TYPE CARR lAG E RETURN
op-code

mnemonic

17432

TCR

variable operands

Th is instruct ion causes a I ine feed and carriage return to be typed on the on -I ine
teleprinter.
NOTE:

1. Resets the tabulation control to the first character position on the
on -I ine teleprinter.

TYPE-IN INFORMATION
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

175¢4

TYPEIN

This instruction reads in liNn consecutive characters being typed on the on ·-line
teleprinter and places these characters from Ieft to right at address II TOil •
NOTE:

1. All characters typed wi II be stored one character per storage
location, in BCD code.
2. All in itial carriage returns typed wi II be ignored and do not occupy
core storage locations.
3. The IIFIGSIt and nLTRSIt' keys may be used whenever necessary and
do not occupy core storage locations.
4. Typing is terminated either when liN" characters have been typed
or when a carriage return is typed.
5. Carriage return does not occupy a core storage location.
6. The IIBELL" key is used for tabulations. Tabs are assumed set 'I¢
character positions apart. The actual spaces spaced will be the remain ing number of spaces to the next tab locations.
7. The IIBLANKIt' key is used as a n'backspace n key. When depressed,
the character previously typed will be ignored and the next character
typed wi II replace it. If no character is typed, the character backspaced will remain in the area.

a. Upon -completion of the rJTYPEINIl instruction, a count of the number
of characters typed in may be found ,in index reg ister #15.
9. The prev ious contents of index reg ister # 15 are lost.

10" Indexing, double indexing, and/or indirect addressing may be used
with the address It'TOlt.

INQUIRY
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

1753%

INQUIRY

GOTO INST

Bus -Pak II has avai lable an inquiry feature wh ich provides a direct and immediate
means of communication between the operator and the users program.
The inquiry feature is especially valuable when used with the Micro-Disk system.
It can be used to retrieve data stored on a Micro-Disk record. A personnel record or
inventory stock -status record needed by management can be requested by the operator
and made available to management in a short time.
Inquiries though, may only be made if the IrlNQUIRy tr instruction is executed
by the operating program and the carriage return key on the on -I ine teleprinter was
depressed, which sets the inquiry indicator in Bus-Pak II.
Every program written reaches a point in execution when all the data currently
in the machine has been processed and the program is ready to accept more data. At
this point the U INQUIRYIt instruction is executed. If the carriage return key was
depressed, the IIGOTO INSTil will be executed. Otherwise the program continues in
sequence.

PUNCHED CARD INPUT -OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions permit input and output from punched card equipment.
READ A CARD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17425

RDCRD

GOTO

INST

The 80 columns of information punched on the card in the card reader hopper will
be read and stored at the 80 consecutive locations with the starting address liTO" •
After this information has been stored the reading of the next card in the card
reader hopper is in it ia lized and control is returned to the users program. Th is is done
so that the users program can process the information on the card just read while the next
card is being read. The overlapping of these two functions saves a considerable amount
of time in that the user need not wait the entire three (3) milliseconds necessary to read
a card.
If the End-of-File button on the card reader has been pressed after the last card was
read, the instruction "GOTO INSTlr will be executed. Otherwise the program continues
in sequence.
NOTE:

1. As there are 80 columns on a punched card, 80 columns of information
will always be transferred to the 80 consecutive locations, from left to
right at cddress rrTOlr.
2. See also HCard Reader Operating Features ll •
3. The character information stored will be in BCD code, one character
per storage location.
4. If, when processing card fi Ies, it is necessary to stop the operation of
the program in order to make corrections to erroneously punched cards,
normally the card to be corrected will be the second card from the top
in the card reader stacker. When the correction is made, that card and
the last card in the card reader stacker must be placed in the card reader
hopper, accumulator switch one (l) must be set to the up condition and then
the continue key depressed.
5. Indexing, double -indexing, and indirect addressing may be used with
the address IrTO If •

PUNCH A CARD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17426

PUNCRD

FROM

The 80 consecutive characters with the starting address nFROMtr are punched
on the next blank card in the card punch hopper. Control is immeduately returned
to the users program so that processing can continue. The accumulation of the next
card image may be started immediately in the same output area.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is Ieft undisturbed.
2. Bus-Pak II will always punch 80 consecutive characters.
3. The character information to be punched must always be in BCD
code, one character per storage location.
4. Indexing, double indexing, and/or indirect addressing may be
used with the address ~tFROMrr •
5. See a Iso ,rCard Punch Operating Features rr •
6. If a card feed check, card jam, or empty hopper occurs, the
system wi II loop until it has be'en corrected.

HIGH SPEED PRINTER OUT-PUT INSTRUCTIONS
The following instruction perm its data located at any location in core storage
to be printed on the high speed printer and also permits complete forms control (spacing)
of the printed data.

PRINT A LINE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17427

PRNLIN

FROM

The 120 consecutive characters with the starting address "FROM" will be printed.
NOTE:

1. Core storage is left undisturbed.
2. Bus-Pak II will always print 120 consecutive characters.
3. The character information to be printed must always be in BCD
code, one character per storage location.
4. Indexing, double indexing, and/or indirect addressing may be
used with the address rrFROMrr.
5. See also rrHigh Speed Printer Operating Features".

SPACE PRINTER
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

174313

SPACE

CHAR R?

Th is instruction causes the high speed printer to space the paper as spec ified
by "CHAR R? II (when "? II is one of the following characters):
CHAR

SPACING

STANDARD TAPE

TIMING

Doubl e space

2 lines

2 x 16 MS

Triple space

3 lines

3 x 16 MS

Four spaces

4 lines

4 x 16 MS

Five spaces

5 lines

5 x 16 MS

Six spaces

6 lines

6 x 16 MS

Seven spaces

7 lines

7 x 16 MS

Eight spaces

8 lines

8 x 16 MS

Nine spaces

9 lines

9 x 16 MS

Ten spaces

10 lines

lOx 16MS

Skip to Channell

2 lines

2 x 16 MS

Skip to Channel 2

3 lines

3 x 16 MS

Skip to Channel 3

6 lines

6 x 16 MS

Skip to Channel 4

11 lines

11 x 16 MS

Skip to Channel 5

22 lines

22 x 16 MS

Skip to Channel 6

33 lines

33x 16MS

Skip to Channel 7

Top of form

520 MS for 66 lines

NOTE:

1 • Spac ing is always immed iate •
2. If spacing to a channel is specified, the channel need not be
specified by "CHAR R?n, but may be represented by the channel
number only.
3.

The tim ings for channel skipping refer to the use of a standard

carriage control tape.

MAGNETIC TAPE
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
Information is recorded on magnetic tape character by character in the binarycoded-decimal (BCD) mode. Even parity is maintained for all characters, that is,
if the character being written contains an odd number of bits, the parity bit is recorded
to make the number of bits even. When the character is read and transferred to core
storage, the parity bit is not transferred.
TAPE RECORDS, INTER-RECORD GAPS
A tape record is a sequence of characters physically separated from other
sequences of characters by an inter-record gap. This inter-record gap is approximately
3/4 inches of erased tape. During reading, the sequence of characters starting wiith
the first character sensed after an inter-record gap to the next inter-record gap is read
and placed into core storage where spec ified.

ORO ,R

Record

'-1

Tape
-E-

-;a..

Record

Tape
~

Record

Tape

Record

1
~-

Tape

--.;>

Record

Rec

BLOCKING
Data records and tape records are quite different. Many data records may be
contained within a tape record. This is done to conserve space and increase storage
capacity on

magnetic tape reels.

Block ing is the process of writing two or more data records as a sing Ie tape
record.

1 tape record

Data

. Data

Data

Record

{
:7

TAPE MARK (END OF FILE MARK)
A tape mark is written on tape to indicate the logical end of a file of information.
The tape mark is a single character, but is considered a tape record because it is preceded
and followed by an inter-record gap.

It is also considered a data record when read by

the program.
TAPE FILE
A tape file is a series of tape records related to one another and followed by a
tape mark.
END-OF-FILE
A single tape-reel may contain any number of files of information. A tape
mark would then separate each file of information from another fi Ie of information.
When reading, the program is notified of an End-of-Filecondition so that it may choose
a pre-determ ined sequence of instructions to process such a condition.

DENSITY
The density of a magnetic tape is a measure of the number of consecutive characters which may be written on one inch of tape. Two densities are available, low
density (200 characters to the inch) and high density (556 characters to the inch).
Instructions are available to set the desired density.

If no density is specified, high

density (556 characters to the inch) is assumed.

ALTERNATE TAPES
When alternate tapes are specified, encountering End Point causes Bus-Pak II
to automatically reference the alternate tape spec ified. When End Point on that
tape is encountered, reference to the original tape will be automatic.

OPEN MAGNETIC TAPE UNIT
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17435

OPEN

This instruction causes the magnetic tape controls for tape unit II UII to be initialized
to read or write records wh ich contain IIBII number of data records If Lit characters in
length as one tape record.
NOTE:

1. ilL" must be a multiple of three (3).
2. liB" must be at least the value of one (l).
3. Th is instruction does not rew ind the tape.
4. This instruction initializes the tape density to IIHigh Densityll (556 BPI).
5. On the initial OPENing of tape unit IIUII, an internal buffer is assigned. It is therefore necessary to originally initialize tape unit IIU"
to the largest tape record that may be read or written on that unit.
6. Th is instruction may again be executed to indicate a different blocking factor and record length next to be read or written.

7. The internal buffers assigned begin at location 77778 and project
down into users memory. The size of each buffer area may be calculated
by the following formula:
B x L = size of buffer assigned

3
8. The last location available to the user may be calculated by using
the following formula:
(4095

tap~\

- (the sum of all the magnetic
- 1 = the last available users
and micro-disk buffers assigned ))
storage location
10

SET HIGH DENSITY
op-code

mnemonic

var iabl e operands

17446

HIDEN

Th is instruction wi II cause the input -output controls for magnetic tape un it

"un to be set to read or write in high density (556 char/in).
NOTE:

1. If no density is specified, high density (556 char/in) is
assumed.

SET LOW DENSITY
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

17447

LODEN

Th is instruction will cause the input -output controls for magnetic tape un it

"un to be set to read or write in low density (2¢¢ char/in).
NOTE:

1. If no density is specified, high density (556 char/in) is
assumed.

ASSIGN ALTERNATE TAPE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17526

ALTTAPE

AlT

This instruction will assign tape unit rrALTrr as an alternate tape unit for

NOTE:

1. The alternate tape feature may only be eliminated by the re-execution
of a OPEN or BEG IN instruction.

REWIND TAPE REEL
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

1744%

REWIND

Th is instruction causes the tape reel on tape un it nu" to rewind to load
point.

NOTE:

1. Rewinding of tape reels must be done either before any or
after a II data records and end of fi Ies have been processed.
Records may be lost or extra records read if a REW ~N D operation
is performed other ,than as stated above.

READ MAGNETIC TAPE
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

17436

RDTAPE

GOTO INST

Th is instruction causes one data record from tape un it "u" to be placed in the
storage locations with the starting address nTon. If an End-of-File or end-point on
tape is encountered, the "GOTO INST"-- instruction will be executed. Otherwise,
the program continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. If end -po int is encountered during a read operation, and
an a Iternate tape un it was spec ified, Bus -Pak II wi II automatica lIy
reference the alternate tape unit whenever unit nun is referenced.
2. When end-point is encountered on the alternate tape, Bus-Pak II
will automatically re-reference tape unit rrUlt.
3. The instruction JrGOTO INSTrr will be executed when end-point
is encountered even though an alternate tape was spec ified so that
header labels may be checked on the alternate tape unit.
4. An internal buffer is assigned to tape unit rrun and each data
record read will be extracted from th is buffer area. Only when the
buffer is empty wi II tape be moved to read the next tape record into
the buffer area.
5. Indexing, double indexing and indirect addressing may be use~d
with the "'laIr address.
6. The detection of octal 17 1s on reading the tape indicates an
End-of-File. The tape will be positioned after the "EOFII.

WRITE MAGNETIC TAPE
o.p-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17437

WRTAPE

FROM

GOTO INST

This instruction will cause one data record to be taken from core storage at
the starting address "FROMIt and place it in the internol buffer for tape unit '''U''.
When the buffer is ful', a tape record wi II be written. If end point is encountered
during the writing of a tape record, the rrGOTO INSP', instruction will be executed.
Otherwise, the program continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. If end -point is encountered during a write operation and
an a Iternate ta pe un it was spec i fi ed, Bus -Pak II w ill automat ica II y
reference the alternate tape whenever unit rr-u" is referenced.
2. When end-point is encountered on the alternate tape, Bus-Pak "
will automatically re-reference tape unit ItU".
3. The instruction uGOTO INST,r will be executed when end-point
is encountered even though an alternate tape was specified so that
heading records may be written on the alternate tape.
4. An internal buffer is assigned to tape unit ItU" and each data
record written will be accumulated in this buffer area. When the
buffer is fu", one tape record is written onto tape.
5. Indexing, double indexing, and indirect addressing may be used
with the ItFROM,r address.

WRITE AND COMPARE MAGNETIC TAPE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17533

WRTCMP

FROM

GOTO INST

This instruction will cause one data record to be taken from core storage at
the starting address ltFROMII and place it <io the internal buffer for tape unit·HU H •
When the buffer is full, a tape record will be written, backspaced, and then
compared to insure that the tape record was written correctly. If an end-point is
encountered during the writing of a tape record, the instruction IIGOTO INSTil will
be executed. Otherwise, (however the record has been written successfully) the
program continues in sequence.
NOTE:

1. If end-point is encountered during a write operation and an
alternate tape unit was specified, Bus-Pak II will automatically
reference the alternate tape unit whenever unit nUll is referenced.
2. When end-point is encountered on an alternate tape, Bus-Pak II
will automatically re-reference tape unit "UII.
3. The instruction rrGOTO INspr will be executed when endpoint is encountered even though an alternate tape was specified so
that heading records may be written on the alternate tape.
4. An internal buffer is assigned to tape un it HUff and each data
record written will be accumulated in th is buffer area. When the
buffer is ful', one tape record is written. Th is tape record wi II then
be backspaced and read for comparison to insure correct writing of
data on ta pe •
5. Indexing, double indexing, and indirect addressing may be
used with the ItFROMlt address.

SPACE RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17444

SPCREC

Th is instruction spaces HT" data records on tape un it II U" •
NOTE:

1. Magnetic tape may not move if the data records be ing
spaced are contained in the internal buffer at the time the
instruction is executed.

2. An end-of-file (tape mark) is counted as one data record.
3~ Jape records in the new file must be in the current format if

spacing over an End-of -File mark. If not, the data records
after the End-of-File will be spaced incorrectly.
4. If no tape records are contained after the End-of -File mark,
spac ing continues indefin itel y.
EXAMPLE:

SPCREC

Data

Record

G
~ data

G
~

record to be read

data record to be read

before instruction execution.

after instruction execution.

SPACE FILE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17445

SPCFILE

This instruction will space over one file of information on tape unit !lU".
NOTE:

1. Bus-Pak II will position itself at the inter-record gap
immediately following the first End-of-File encountered.
2. Spacing a file which will encounter the tape end-point is
not recommended as the next operation to be performed wi II
cause the tape to run off the reel or not executed.

BACKSPACE RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17442

BKSREC

Th is instruction backspaces UT" data records on tape un it II
NOTE:

un.

1. Magnetic tape may not move if the data records backspaced
are contained in the internal buffer at the time the instruction
is executed.

2. An End -of -Fil e (tape mark) is counted as one data record.
3. If an End-of-File is encountered during a backspace operation,
Bus-Pak II will position itself at the next available data record
location of the previous tape-record if that tape record was not
completely full when written.
4. If a backspacing operation is attempted which will encounter
load point, the backspac ing operation will not position itself
correctly.
EXAMPLE:

BKSREC

Data

Record

~data record to be

! data record to be read before

read after 'instruction execution

instruction execution

BACKSPACE FILE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17443

BKSFILE

Th is instruction wi II backspace one fil e of information on tape un it II U" •
NOTE:

1. When an End-of-File (tape mark) is encountered, Bus-Pak II
will position itself at the first data record location in the tape
record preceding the End-of-File that has not been used.
2. If load point is encountered during the backspace file
operation, Bus -Pak II wi II be positioned at the first data record
on the tape.

TEST END POINT
op-code

mnemonic

variable oeerands

17527

ENDPOINT

GOTO INST

On reading magnetic tape, the rrGOTO INspr instruction associated with
the IJRDT APEIl instruction will be executed if either an End-of-File or end-point
is encountered on tape un it rrUIt •
This instruction when executed, tests to see if the IIGOTO INSTil instruction
was executed because of an end-point on tape unit "U". If it was, the ItGOTO INSTil
above will be executed. Otherwise, the program continues in sequence.

WRITE END-OF-FILE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17441

WREOF

This instruction accompl ishes two things - it writes the data r3cords (if any)
still left in the internal buffer on tape unit nu" and then writes an End-of-File
(tape mark).
NOTE:

1. Th is instruction must be executed after a II data records
are written or records may be lost.
2. If a record is to be written onto tape, the "WRTC MP" instruction
is used.

3. If the internal buffer is not full when nWREOF" is executed, the
remaining

locations are filled with octal 17 1s.

4. The detection of octal 17 1s on reading the tape indicates an
End -of -Fi Ie. The tape will be positioned after the" EOF" •

MICRO-DISK
By the use of DECtape, Bus-Pak II is able to simulate a random access disk
file. This means that files of information contained on Micro-Disk may be processed randomly by input information as it is received. Pre-sorting of transactions
affecting the Micro-Disk file has been eliminated.

INITIALIZE MICRO-DISK
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17515

OPENDISK

This instruction causes the input-output controls for Micro-Disk unit "U"
to be initialized to acceptltLU consecutive characters as one record of information.
One DECtape reel has the capac ity of 576 blocks, each of wh ich contains
768 alphanumeric characters. Bus-Pak II automatically packs as many records

(II L" characters long) as poss ibl e into one block. Each record is then ass igned an
address relative to its sequential location on the Micro-Disk. The first record
on Micro-Disk is always assigned address 1.
When a record is requested, Bus-Pak II automatically calculates the block
address in wh ich the record may be found and a Iso wh ich record it is in that block.
As there may be more than one record per block on Micro-Disk, Micro-Disk may
not always be moved when a IfSEEKlt rrRDDISK n , or rrWRDISK" instruction is executed
because the block previously requested which is stored in core storage, may contain
the record desired.
NOTE:

L" must be defined as a multiple of three (3).

2. Th is instruction must be executed before any processing may
be done with Micro-Disk unit nu".
3. The mark t rack on the DECtape reel being used must be set
for 256-3 character words.
4. The following formula determ ines the maximum number of
records that may be stored on one Micro-Disk.

( 76S) X 576 =: number of records per micro-disk reel.

L I

5. Records may only be referenced by the addresses assigned to them.
6. This instruction must never be executed a second time unless the
II

BEG IN Ir instruction a Iso is executed.

SEEK A RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17516

SEEK

This instruction will cause Bus-Pak II to search Micro-Disk unit "U"
for the record whose address was previously loaded into accumulator 15. Control
is then returned to the users program so that the processing of data already available
to the program may be overlapped with the Micro-Disk search operation.

If the record being searched for is in the block of information already read
into core storage, Micro-Disk will not move.

NOTE:

1. The address of the record desired must have previously been
loaded into accumulator 15.
2. No other input -output dev ice can be runn ing, during a search
operation.
3.. If an attempt is made to input or output data the program will
hang up until the search operation is over.

READ A RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17517

RDDISK

This instruction will read a record, whose address is specified in accumulator
15, from Micro-Disk unit IJU n and place it into the !fLU (defined in the "OPENDISK"
instruction for Micro-Disk un it 'tU") consecutive characters with the starting address

NOTE:

1. The address of the record desired must have previously
been loaded into accumu lator 15.
2. No processing can be done during a read Micro-Disk
operation.
3. If the record desired is contained in the block previously
read, Micro-Disk will not be moved.
4. If an attempt is made to input or output data the program will
hang up until the search operation is over •

.82

WRITE A RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

1752%

WRDISK

FROM

Th is instruction will write the II LII (defined in the II OPEND ISK II instruction
for Micro-Disk unit IIU") consecutive characters with the starting address IIFROMII
as a record, whose address is specified in accumulator 15, onto Micro-Disk unit

HUll •
NOTE:

1. The address of the record being written must have previously
been loaded into accumulator 15.
2. No processing can be done during a write Micro-Disk operation.
3. If the record be ing written is contained in the block previous'y
read or written, Micro-Disk will not be moved.
4. The block of information contained in core storage wi II not
be written onto Micro-Disk until either a n'SEEKII, IIRDDISKII,
IIWRDISK't, or ItCLOSE DISK" instruction is executed in which
the record being read or written is not contained in the block in
core storage.
5. If an attempt is made to input or output data the program will
hang up until the search operation is over.

CLOSE MICRO-DISK
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17521

CLOSEDISK

This instruction causes the input -output controls for Micro-Disk un it II UII
to check the block of information contained in core storage pertaining to MicroDisk unit IIUII to see if a IrWRDISKIt operation was performed. If so, that block of
information is written on Micro-Disk.
NOTE:

If not, it is disregarded.

1. This instruction need only be executed if a writing
operation was performed in a Micro-Disk unit.
2. No processing can be done during a rrCLOSEDISKII
operation.
3. The buffer area assignment for Micro -Disk unit "U II is not
reset.
4. If an attempt is made to input or output data the program wi II
hang up until the search operation is over.

STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
The following instructions were designed to extend the available storage of
the computer. By making use of DECtape, data and complete subroutines may be
stored on DECtape and retrieved when necessary for their execution.
In this way, more than one subroutine may occupy the same storage location.
Each of the subroutines occupying the same locations would first be written on
DECtape with the IrDUMp rr instruction; then, as each subroutine is needed for
execution, it would be reloaded into those locations by the "RETRIEVEIf instruction.
This will help preserve core storage whenever necessary.

DUMP DATA
op-code

mnemonic

variabl e operands

17532

DUMP

FROM

This instruction writes out on DECtape Unit 8' the storage locations between
address "FROMn and address rrTorr, inclusive.
NOTE:

1. The starting block number on which to write the data must have been
previously loaded into index register 15.
2. No indexing, double indexing, or indirect addressing may be used
with either the ItFROMrr or rrTorr addresses.
3. Bus-Pak II will store 256 locations on one block on tape. Successive
blocks wi II be used if necessary to store a II the data.
4. This instruction does not require any of the Micro -Disk instructions
to be executed.

RETRIEVE DATA
?p-code

mnemonic

variable operands

17531

RETRIEVE

FROM

This instruction reads from DECtape Unit 8 and places the data read into the
storage locations between address rrFROMrr and address uTOrl I inclusive.
!NOTE:

1. The starting block number on wh ich the data is contained must
have been previously loaded into index register 15.
2 ~ No indexing I double indexing I or indirect address ing may be
used on either the ,rFROMIT or IrTo·r addresses.
3~

This instruction does not require any of the Micro-Disk instruc-

tions to be executed.

LOAD PROGRAM
mnemonic

variable operands

LDPROG
Th is instruction causes a transfer of control

to the R1M loader wh ich wi"

load the program tape in the paper tape reader.
Th is may be used to control the loading of subroutines for storing them on
DECtape.

CHECKPOINT AND RESTART
The Checkpoint and Restart feature perm its a job to be restarted at an intermed iate point after an interruption in processing.
The use of th is feature requires that at lease one DECtape and control be part
of the input output equipment available on the operating system.
The use of th is feature would depend greatly on the complexity and runn ing time
of the particular job. It would reduce the time and data lost due to machine failure,
power failure, and operator error. It would also give the ability to stop the running of
a program, take it off the machine and resume it later.

WRITE CHECKPOINT RECORD
op-code

mnemonic

17534

CHECKPOINT

variable operands

This instruction causes a checkpoint record to be written onto DECtape unit 8.
The contents of the checkpoint record would be as follows:
I.

The users program and its status at the time the checkpoint was written.

2. The status of all program switches, program counters, double index
register, and index registers.
3. The contents of all accumulators and the status of their respective overflow
indi cators.
4. The input/output controls for all magnetic tape and DECtape files being used.
5. The transfer location to restart the program.

NOTE:

Each time a checkpoint record is written, "CKP" will be typed

on the on-I ine teleprinter.

If punched cards are either being read

or punched, the system will stop to permit the operator to indicate
on the card decks the position of the last checkpoint.

If no cards

are being processed, the system wi II not stop.
2.

The transfer location for restarting the program stored on the

checkpoint record wi II be ·the location of the instruction immediately
following the "CHECKPOI NT" instruction being executed.
3. The checkpoint record written on unit 8 will occupy blocks I ·18
of the tape.

RESTART PROGRAM FROM CHECKPOINT
op-code

mnemonic

17535

RESTART

variable o~erands

This instruction will cause the checkpoint record written on DECtape unit 8 to
be read and the following operations performed:
1. Restore the status of the users program to what it was at the time the
checkpoint record was written.
2. Restore all program switches, program counters, double index register,
and index reg isters •
3. Restore all accumulators and their respective overflow indicators.
4. Restore the input/output controls for all magnetic and DECtape files.
5. Re -position all tape files (magnetic and DECtape) on the basis of record
counts and other identifying information contained in the checkpoint record.
6. Transfer control to the appropriate instruction to resume the program.
NOTE:

1. If punched cards were being read at the time the checkpoint
record was written, the cards from the time of the checkpoint must
be inserted into the card reader. If the wrong card deck is placed
in the card reader the restart may be in error.
2. If an error in restart occurs, the program may aga in be
restarted providing another checkpoint was not written before the
error was detected.

SUBROUTINE CONTROL
Subroutines are used to code a spec ial sequence of instructions that would normally be repeated many times in different locations in a program.

The use of sub-

routines reduces the over-all coding effort involved in coding a solution to a given
problem and also conserves core storage.
There are two methods of defin ing a subroutine in the Bus-Pak II system.

METHOD NO 1
The following instructions may be used to transfer control to a given subroutine
and, upon completion of that subroutine, return to the next storage location following
the transfer.

TRANSFER AND SAVE RETURN ADDRESS
op-code

mnemonic

1%%%%%

GOTOSV INST

variable operands

Th is instruction transfers the control of the program to the subroutine at
location II INSTil • It requires that the subroutine be defined in the foUowing manner:
INST,
(lNST +1)

First instruction of subroutine

The address of the location following the rrGOTosvn instruction is saved in
location JlINSTu and control is transferred to location trlNST +1 If •

RETURN FROM SUBROUTINE
op-code

mnemonic

62%%%13

RETFROM INST

variable operands

Th is instruction is used to return control of the program to the instruction following
the IIGOTosyn instruction.
NOTE:

1. uINSTII' must be the same subroutine name used in the IIGOTOSY
INSTIt used to enter the subroutine.

METHOD NO 2
The following instructions provide a means of transferring to a subroutine
with optional return locations upon completion of the execution of the subroutine.

SUBROUTINE
~)p-code

mnemonic

variable operands

INST
By placing the name of the subroutine being called in the operation portion of
the instruction, a transfer will be made to that subroutine, enabling optional return
locations.
II\.JOTE:

1 ~ No indexing, double indexing, or indirect addressing may
be used in the address n-'NSTrr.

nGOTOlt instructions normally follow the name of the subroutine

being transferred to. These rrGOTorr instructions are placed in such
a sequence so as to transfer control of the program to other routines I
depending on the return location of the subroutine.
EXAMPLE:
TSTCHR

/transfer to routine to test character

GOTO LAB

/return here if It AIr (normal return)

GOTO LAB 1

/return here if ItB"

GOTO LAB 2

/return here if nc,,'

GOTO LAB 3

/return here if other etc

EXIT FROM SUBROUTINE
op-code

mnemonic

variable operands

The table below lists the instruction mnemon ics used to exit from the subroutine
and the location "to wh ich control is returned.

oE-code

mnemonic

return location

637511

EXIT

norma I return

637512

EXIT 1

norma I return + 1

637513

EXIT 2

norma I return +2

637514

EXIT 3

norma I return +3

SECTION IV
PROGRAM PREPARATION

A Bus-Pak II program is prepared in FlO-DEC code on 8 channel punched
paper tape, using either a FlO-DEC flexowriter or the tape editor CANUTE on the
computer. The mechanics of using a flexowriter or CANUTE for paper tape preparation
are described elsewhere and only the formats which apply to Bus-Pak II will be described
here.
In general, a program should begin with about two feet of tape feed, to allow
easy placement in the reader. Deletes and tape feed may be used freely throughout
the tape, and will always be ignored.
The program tape itself consists of three sections, described below.
TITLE
All text between the first character other than a carriage return, and the second
carriage return is taken as the title of the tape. Each tape must have a title. This
title will be printed on the printer or teleprinter at assembly time, as well as punched
in readable format on the front of the object (binary) tape.

PROGRAM BODY
The text consisting of the program itself follows the title. Redundant carriage
returns and tabs are ignored, and may be used for formatting.
A suggested format is to place address tags (labels) at the left margin, indent
the instruction mnemonic to the first tab stop, and indent each instruction field and/or
comments further to subsequent tab stops.

The character "stop codell may be used as a page separator (both with the tope
editor I and flexowriter) I although pages have no mean ing to the assembler. New pages
should begin with a carriage return.
Deleted characters, tape feed, and stop codes are always ignored by the assembler
during processing.
Except in text strings, the characters upper case and lower case are filtered out
of the input string, and are used only to inform the assembler of the case of the characters on input, therefore except for spec ia I characters or comments I a II typing is normal I y
done in lower case.

START BLOCK
The last section of a program is the start block, consisting of the pseudo-instruction
start, or eause, followed by either the starting address of the program I or by a carriage
return. In either case, a carriage return must appear on the tape after the start block.
The pseudo-instruction start indicates the end of the symbolic program, and
causes an instruction to be punched which will be executed when the loading of the
object program is completed. If start is followed by an address, then a i!!P to that address will be assembled, causing execution of the program to begin when the program is
loaded.
If start is not followed by an address, then an hit instruction will be assembled,
halting the loader after the object program is loaded.
Constants will be stored starting at the current address location at the time start
was encountered on the last source tape.
Pause performs the same function as start, but will always cause the loader to
halt before executing the instruction "indicated by pauseII'.

SECTION V

SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE

PURPOSE
The use of symbolic languages has become a standard practice in the programm ing
of computers. A symbolic language permits a programmer to code in a more convenient
language than the language that the machine understands. A processor (Assembly Program) translates the programmer's source language to the machine language. The advantages are widely recognized ~ Instruction codes with high mnemonic value are used instead
of numeric codes. Instructions or data may be referred to by symbol ic name {label},
without knowing or even caring about the actual machine address. Decimal or alphabetic data may be expressed in a more convenient form than in a binary number system.
Programs may be altered without extensive changes in the source language, and debugging is considerably simplified.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSEMBLER SYSTEM
The Assembly program accepts a symbolic source language program on punched
paper tape, translates it and produces a binary tape. (See also Assembler writeups
for both the PDP-4 or PDP-7 computers) ~
The Assembler performs this function in one pass. That is, the source language
lrape is processed only once to produce the object language tape.
The object language tape consists of the binary version of the source program
c:md a binary loader.

NOTATIONS
Spec ia I Characters

Character

Meaning

(tab)

field del im iter

(carriage return)

field delimiter

(space)

punctuation character

(space)

punctuation character

(m inus)

punctuation character

(comma)

label delimiter

Syllables
Number
Any sequence of digits delimited by field delimiters or punctuation
characters.
Exam~les

< i,' 123-\ >
< -~ 567 ) >
<)

56+

Labels
Any sequence of alphanumeric characters delimited by a comma
and field del im iters or punctuation characters. The first character
must be an alphabetic character, the label may be any length, but
all characters after six are ignored.
Examples
<.J

A, --\

< -4 Harry, J >
< ) AB 12,-, >
97

Expressions
An expression is a sequence of labels and/or numbers connected by punctuation
characters and delimited by field delimiters.
Examples

,. >

<-\ A ,

<-f A + 3-": >

< J AB LE + 21 ~ >

PSEUDO INSTRU CTIONS
variables
A label used in the program, with one of its characters overbarred (the oV~3rbar
needs to be indicated only once in any of its appearances) and not explicitly defined
elsewhere, is a variable. Variables will be assigned a register location following the
occurrence of the pseudo-instructio n "variable". In addition, should any variable remain
undefined at the termination of the assembly, these will be automatically defined following the program.
Example:

< ~

WHAT ->~

<-~

A123

I-

>
>

text
TEXT b Z ABC ••••••••••• CZ
The pseudo-instruction "text" indicates the characters between the first occurrence
of the character Z and the next occurrence of the character Z is to be converted to character codes and stored three to a word in successive registers. The character Z may be
any single character desired. If the text information is to be typed on the on-line teletype by the TYPTXT instruction liTE LETYPE" must precede the II TEXT" pseudo inst:ruction.
After the text has been written, AN ELEX must follow.
The uTEXTu pseudo instruction should always be used to define constant information
and the program should move and expand this information in the initialization of the
program.

ASSEMBLER FEATURES (See also Assembler Program Writeup)

Current Address Indicator
The character period (.) has the va lue of the current address when standing alone
between field delimiters and/or punctuation characters, otherwise it is regarded as an
alphabetic character.

Address Assignment
The expression preceding a slash (/) will be taken as a new current address.

no expression precedes the slash, then the slash initiates a comment statement. This
may be used to assign consecutive core locations to a given label.
Example:

< ABLE,

ABLE +10/>

This assigns 1% consecutive locations
to the label ABLE.

Parameter Ass ignments
A parameter may be defined by use of the equal (=) sign. The label to the left of
the equal sign will be assigned the value of the expression to the right of the equal sign.
If the expression to the right of the equal sign is not terminated by a tab or carriage return, the error message, IFP (Illegal Format in Parameter Assignment) will occur. An
undefined label appearing in the expression to the right of the equal sign will cause
the error print UPA (Undefined Parameter Assignment).
Example:
AREA,

AREA +80/

TAX = AREA + 15
Whenever TAX is referenced, the address
AREA + 15 will be used.

100

SECTION VI

ASSEMBLING A BUS-PAK II PROGRAM
The following steps are those to follow to assemble a Bus-Pak II Program on
the computer.

Each statement is fol lowed by the number of the next step to be

executed. Normally, the sequence will continue to the next step.

I. LOADING THE ASSEMBLER
1. Obtain the binary tape of the Assembler from the files.
2. Place the binary tape to be loaded into the paper tape reader.
3. Set the address switches on the console to 1777~ and depress the Hstart"
switch. The read -in mode loader (see Appendix I) must be in core at th is time.
4. When the loading of the binary tape is completed remove the tape from
the paper tape reader.
5. Replace the Assembler tape into the file.
6. Go to Step II.

II. LOADING A SYMBOL PUNCH DEFINITION TAPE
1. Obtain the Bus-Pak II Symbol Punch definition tape from the files.
2. Place the symbol punch definition tape into the paper tape reader.
3. Set the address switches on the console to 4 and depress the "startlr switch.
4. When the loading of the Symbol Punch definition tape is completed, remove
the tape from the paper tape reader.
5. Replace the Bus-Pak II Symbol Punch definition tape in the files.
6. If other Symbol Punch defin ition tapes are to be loaded, execute Steps 2, 3
and 4 above for each Symbol Punch tape.
7. Go to Step III.

101

III. ASSEMBLING A SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE TAPE
1. Place the Symbolic source language tape of the program to be assembled into the
paper tape reader. Make sure paper tape punch is loaded as well as printer if symbois are to be printed.
2. Set the address switches on the console to 2~.
3. At this point the operator may choose to command the assembler by use of
the AC switches (see IV) or begin a normal assembly.
3A To begin a normal assembly, depress the nContinue" switch.
3B To give the assembler an AC switch command, set the AC
switches desired and depress the "start U switch.
4. When the pseudo-instruction START is encountered at the end of the source
language tape, the assembl er w ill stop w ith -~ (777777) in the AC.
4A If more tapes are to be processed at this time, place each
tape in the paper tape reader and depress It start u •
4B To complete the assembly of the program depress the ncontinue lt
switch. The assembler will punch the variable definitions, punch
the undefined symbol definitions listing these symbols on the online teletype or line printer, punch the starting block, the loader,
and the title in readable form.
5. When the assembly is complete, the assembler will stop with -~ (777777) in
the AC.
5A To print symbol definitions, set the AC switches and depress the
"continue" swItch. The AC switches have the following meanings:
AC Switch

Meaning

Print on Iine printer

Restore permanent Symbol table

Numeric Print

Alphabetic Print

102

5B To assemble another program, saving the present symbol table,
put the new tape in the paper tape reader and depress the trst~:lrt"
switch and go to 111-4.
6. When the symbol print is complete the assembler will stop with +¢ (~
in the AC.
6A To restore the symbol table and start a new assembly, go to
111-1.
6B To start a new assembly saving the present symbol table, place
the new symbol ic language tape into the paper tape reader, depress
the "start" switch and go to 111-4.

IV. AC SWITCH CONTROL
Whenever the "start" switch is depressed with 2¢ in the address switches, the
AC switches wi II be exam ined. If bit ¢ is a zero, then the AC switches are ignored.
However, if bit ¢ is a one, the remaining AC switches have the following meanings.
Bit a "One"

Meaning
Suppress punching

Punch symbols for DDT-4

Take this title

Restore the assembler

Take first address from AC switches 6-17

103

V. ASSEMBLER OUTPUT
The assembler punches the object tape as it reads the symbol ic source language
tape. During assembl y, error messages may be typed on -I ine • (See Error Messages)

VI. STOPS DURING ASSEMBLY
The following is a I ist of all possible stops during Assembly, the cause, and the
action which may be taken.
AC

Cause

-0

start or pause encountered

-0

assembly complete

symbol print request satisfied

character

illegal parity

status reg ister

offensive interrupt

When a device other than the reader, punch or teletype causes a program interrupt,
the Assembler will halt with the status register displayed in the AC.

Continue" will

clear some standard device flags not including those of the devices used by the Assembler,
and proceed.
If th is fails to clear the offending device's flag, the other action must be taken.
When the device is disabled, pressing "continue" wi II perm it Assembly to continue
correctly.
VII. ERROR MESSAG ES
A list of the error messages may be found below.

VVith the exception of

~ (storage capacity exceeded) and'!!p (illegal parity), assembly continues automatically

after the error message has been printed. An error message may occur in one of three
formats.

104

Format A
The appearance of a diagnostic printed in format A:

ERROR

PREVIOUS VALUE

SYMBOL

NEW VALUE

Whether the new value was actually incorporated into the symbol table depends
upon the particular error.

ERR

Meaning

mdt

the symbol was redefined with a comma

rps

a permanent symbol was redefined

rda

an attempt to redefine a symbol was made. The
symbol was not redefined.

Format B
The appearance of a format B diagnostic is:

ERROR

OCTAL ADDRESS

SYMBOLIC ADDRESS

The general error message is printed in Format B.

ERR

Meaning

ifp

illegal format in parameter assignment

ifc

illegal format in a comma assignment

mdt

the value and address disagree in an address assignment

tua

too many undefined symbols in an address assignment

lit

i Ilega I term inator in a pundef list

if I

illegal format in a pundef list

ifs

illegal format in a start (or ~ause)

ifi

illegal format in an input pseudo-instruction

sce

storage ca pac ity exceeded

105

Format C
The appearance of a format C diagnostic is:
ERROR

OCTAL ADDRESS

SYMBO lIC ADDRESS

CAUSE

Format C is an expanded version of Format B. CAUSE is additional information
to help the programmer ascertain the cause of the error. For example, in the
case of an error caused by an undefined symbol, the symbol wi II be printed.
ERR

CAUSE

MEANING

ilp

character

illegal parity (place correct character in
ACS and ·continue·).

ust

symbol

undefined symbol in a start or pause

uaa

symbol

undefined symbol in an absolute address
assignment

upa

symbol

undefined symbol in a parameter assignment

ich

character

illegal character

Ius

symbol

undefined symbol in a pundef list

ubr

symbol

undefined symbol in a bar Eseudo-instruction

Undefined Symbol Assignments
At the end of assembly, before the loader is punched, any undefined symbols
will be automatically defined. Each undefined symbol which was used in a storage
word w ill be defined as the address of a reg ister at the end of the program, and the
defin ition printed. If the symbol was not used in a storage word, then the symbol wi II
be printed but not defined.

106

VIII. LOADING THE OBJECT PROGRAM
1. Obtain the object tape of the Bus-Pak II program from the file.
2. Place the object tape into the paper tape reader.
3. Set the address switches on the console to 1777¢ and depress the
"start" switch. The read-in mode loader (see Appendix I) must be in
core at th is time.
4. When loading is completed, the loader will stop.
5. Remove the ob ject tape from the paper tape reader and replace it
into the files.
6. Place the object tape of your program into the paper tape reader.
7. Execute 3 above.
8. When loading is completed, the machine is under control of your
program.

107

SECTION VII
EQUIPMENT OPERATING FEATURES
CARD READER
Keys and lights
Power ON

Depress ing th is key suppl ies power to the card reader and
I ights the power ON key.

Power OFF

Depress ing th is key turns off the power suppl y to the card
reader.

Not Ready

Th is Iight is Iit whenever the card reader is in a not ready
condition.

Read Check

Th is I ight is Iit when a read check occurs.

Feed Check

Th is I ight is Iit when a feed check occurs.

Validity Check

This light is lit when a validity error has occurred and the
Validity ON key is lit.

Validity ON

Depressing this key turns on the Val idity checking feature
for alphanumeric input and lights this key.

Reset

Th is key is depressed to reset a feed check, read check, or
validity check condition.

End of File

When all the cards have been read, depressing this key
informs the computer of an End-of-File condition on the card.
reader and lights.

Start

Depressing this key, when all conditions are right, makes the
card reader ready to read cards.

Stop

Depressing this key puts the card reader in a not ready condition.

108

Loading the Card Reader
1. Depress the power ON key.
2. Place the cards to be read into the card read hopper face down - 12 edge toward the
operator.
3. Depress the Validity ON key to the ON condition (when on, it is lit).
4. If either the Read check, Feed check, Validity check, or End-of-File indicators
are Iit, depress the reset key.
5. Depress the Start key.

Restart Procedures
Not Ready Condition Only.
1. Remove the cards from the card read stacker.
2. Be sure to place these cards in back of previously removed cards.
3. If there are more cards to read go to Step 5 below.
4. If no more cards are to be read, depress the End-of-File Key. This will signal the
computer of this fact. The End-of-File key is lit. Proceed no more.
5. Place the cards to be read into the card read hopper, face down - 12 edge toward
the operator.
6. Depress the start key.

109

Feed Check
1. Remove the cards in the card read hopper.
2. Repunch the first few cards that caused the feed check.
3. Replace these cards in front of the cards removed from the read hopper.
4. Place these cards into the card feed hopper; face down - 12 edge toward the
operator.
5.

Set AC switch 1 in the up position.

Depress the Reset Key.

7. Depress the Start Key.

Read Check
1. Remove the cards from the card feed hopper.
2. Remove the top card in the card read stacker.
3. Check card and re-punch if necessary.
4. Place th is card in front of the cards removed from the card read hopper.
5. Place these cards into the card feed hopper I face down - 12 edge toward the
operator.
6.

Set AC switch 1 in the up position.

7•

Depress the Reset Key.

Depress the Start Key.

Validity Check
Do the same operations as for the Read Check above.

110

CARD PUNCH
Keys and lights
Power ON

Placing this switch in the ON position supplies power
to the punch.

Start

Depressing this key initiates a 2-card read-in cycle.

Stop

Depressing this key will cause the card mechcmism to
be shut off after a delay of approximatly 3 seconds.

Continue

Depressing this key turns the card mechanism ON but
does not initiate a 2-card read-in cycle.

Loading the Punch Hopper
1. Set the Power switch to the ON position.
2. Depress the Start key to insure that no cards were lef t in the punch mechan ism from
a prev ious run ..

3. Insert blank cards, face down - 12 edge first into the punch feed hopper.

4. Depress the Start key.
5. When punch idles, release key. It is ready to receive information from the cc:>mputer.

Servic ing the Punch
1. Remove punched cards from the card punch stacker.
2. Be sure to place these cards in back of previously removed cards.

3. Insert blank cards, face down - 12 edge first into the punch feed hopper.

4. Depress the Continue key.

111

Emptying the Punch
1. Remove blank cards from the punch feed hopper.
2. Depress the Start key to allow the 2 cards in the card mechanism to be fed into
the punch stacker.
3. Remove punched cards from the card punch stacker.
4. Be sure to place these cards in back of previously removed cards.
5. Place the power ON switch in the OFF position.

112

HIG H SPEED PRINTER
Operating Controls
Four operating controls, mounted on the top and front of the printer tare
provided as follows:
Paper Tension knob - controls the distance between corresponding sprockets
on the upper and lower tractors to increase or decrease the tension on the
paper.
Form Positioning knob - provides a means of adjusting the paper tractor sproc~
up and down to vary the vertical position of the printed line on the paper.
Character Phasing knob - controls the time interval between the occurrence (
the character pulse and the appearance of the corresponding row of characterdirectly opposite the print hammers. When this knob is properly positioned,
the hammers strike directly over the characters on the print wheel, and un if01
printing results.
Penetration Control knob - provides fine adjustment of the spacing between
print hammers and print wheel to vary the density of printing and accomm l:>datE
different paper th icknesses.

Loading the Paper
Thread the paper over the lower paper feed tractors, under the paper hold -do~
and ribbon, and over the upper paper feed tractors. Use the penetration control cral
to lower the print hammer module assembly if necessary. Return the hammer module
sembly to printing position. Use the scales and individual adjustment screws provide
accomplish proper positioning of the paper feed tractors. The paper should press fin
against the platen but should not be taut enough to cause elongation of the perforatt

113

Replac ing Ribbon
To replace the ribbon, proceed as follows:
1. Remove ribbon cover.

:2. See that ribbon is feeding onto inner roll. Switch power OFF as soon as direction of
ribbon travel reverses.
3. Slacken ribbon by manually turning outer roll several forward revolutions.
4. Grasp outer roll and push toward right side of printer. The left end of the roll will
disengage its drive cap, permitting removal of outer roll.
5. Unwind remaining ribbon from outer roll.

b. Remove inner roll by pushing to the right until left end of roll disengages its
drive cap. Pull inner roll toward front of printer, drawing free end of ribbon
through print aperture. Discard worn ribbon and roll.
7. Place empty roll in the inner position. Be sure slot on left end of roll engages drive
cap pin.
8. Insert two sheets of paper through the print aperture. Attach the leader of a fresh
roll of ribbon between these two sheets. Draw paper and ribbon through the aperture

tOW(lrc front of printer.
9. Detach ribbon leader from paper. Pull ribbon leader under inner roll and fasten it
to the roll. Wind a few turns onto the roll.
10. Place new roll of ribbon in outer roll position, taking up slack by rotating roll
several revolutions. Be sure slot in left end of roll engages drive cap pin.
11. Turn on power. Observe that ribbon moves at a steady rate and winds evenly.

114

Control of Vertical Format
a.

Preparing Format Tape - the following procedure is suggested for the preparation
of a printer format tape. Since formats differ from application to application, this
procedure is intended to serve only as a guide for those lacking previous experience
in tape preparation.
The following special tools and materials are recommended for the preparation of
a format tape:
1. Roll of Anelex (or equivalent) format tape - laminated
2. Tape punch. Anelex No 52026
3. Pliobond cement (or equivalent)

Procedure 1•

Determ ine the tota I number of lines conta ined on the entire form., Th is
is done by multiplying the number of inches (length) of the form by the
number of lines of paper feed per inch. Most Anelex printers 'hove vertical spacing of 6 lines per inch. An ll-inch form will have 66 Ilines
{6 x 11)i a 17 -inch form 102 lines, etc.

Take a sample form and rule in all the lines. Number each line.

Cut off a strip of format tape containing three more sprocket holes than
the total number of lines on the form (always cut at the midpoint between
the holes). Each sprocket hole on the tape corresponds to a Iine on the
form, so a tape for a 66 line form should have 69 sprocket holes. The
extra holes will be used for splicing purposes. In cases of small f~:lrms,
such as a 3-inch, 18-1 ine form, it is a common practice to format the
form a multiple number of times onto a single tape. For example" an
18-line form may be formatted three times on a tape containing 57 sprocket
holes. In any case, the tape must be long enough to loop around the format
drum loosely.

115

Hold the tape in a vertical position with the column of sprocket holes
appearing towards the right. Visualize the location of the eight possible
channels wh ich may be punched onto the tape.

Determ ine the format{s} desired and indicate on the sample form by
placing a mark on every line where printing is desired. The first line
of print is generally considered as the top of form.

Insert the tape into the puncher, aligning the first hole to be punched
beneath the punch guide holes

NOTE
When inserting the tape into the puncher, you will note that
the sprocket pins are spaced to engage every 8th sprocket hole
on the tape, and that the eight punch guide holes are exactly
eight sprocket hole spaces from the nearest engaged sprocket hole
{counting the engaged hole also}. Knowing this, the alignment of
the punch ing position of the tape beneath the punch guide holes is
readily obtained. If, for example, top of form {first line of printing}
is to appear on the th ird Iine of the form, count down to the 11 th sprocket
hole on the tape {3 + 8} and engage that hole with the nearest sprocket
pin to the punch guide holes. The third hole in the tape, which as
noted previously corresponds to the third line of the form, will
fall exactly beneath the punch guide holes.
7•

Punch the format hole{s} into the tape by push ing the punch ing pin
through the desired guide hole.

Carefully Iift the tape off the sprocket pins and advance it through the
puncher until the next punching position is reached. Small grease
pencil markings made at strategic places on the tape, may help prevent
losing hole count during tape advancement. Markings should be wiped

116

off after the entire tape is punched.
9.

Repeat subparagraphs (7) and (8) until all channels have been
punched. If format holes have been punched adjacent to the
first sprocket hole, they should be duplicated adjacent to the
last or 67th sprocket hole.

10.

Carefully remove the tape from the puncher and turn the end of the!
tape containing the 67th hole in so that the bottom side of the tape
becomes the top side. Channel No 1 shvuld still appear on the right
side of the sprocket hole column. With the tape reversed in this
manner, engage the 67th sprocket hole with the center sprocket pin
of the puncher. Also engage the first sprocket pin with a corresponding
hole. This will keep the tape even and aligned for the next step.

11 •

Apply a thin coat of pliobond cement (or equivalent) across the
width of the tape adjacent to the 67th sprocket hole. Application
may be made with a toothpick.

12.

Holding the middle section of the tape firm against the flat portion
of the puncher, bring the free end of the tape with the first sprockE~t
hole over and place it above the cemented end. Engage the first sprocket
hole with the same sprocket pin protruding through the 67th hole. Align
any holes which may have been punched adjacent to the first and 67th
sprocket holes so that they complement each other perfectly.

13.

Apply pressure to the union until it is held firm.

14.

Clean excess cement from tape punch.

117

MAGNETIC TAPE TRANSPORT

Manual Control Panel
This panel includes four switches with three associated indicators and eight
independent Iights that indicate various tape un it conditions when Iit.
Transport Power
This switch has two stable positions, OFF and REMOTE, and a momentary
contact position, ON. When OFF, power cannot be applied to the transport.
Pushing the switch to the momentary ON position turns on the transport; it then stays
on even if the switch is returned to REMOTE. However, under no circumstances can
power be applied to the transport (by either the TRANSPORT POWER switch or the 822
power control) unless the transport interlock is closed.
The indicator above TRANSPORT POWER does not indicate a switch position,
but instead Iights whenever power is actually appl ied to the transport.
Mode
Two-position switch with associated AUTO and MAN indicators. In AUTO the
tape un it is on Iine and all operations are in itiated from the tape control. ',In MAN
the unit is off line; reading and writing are disabled and transport motion signals are
generated from the rewind and direction switches on the control panel.
Unit
Eight-position thumbwheel which determines the address of the tape unit. For
example, if the tape control addresses unit 5, only that unit whose UNIT thumbwheel
is set to 5 responds. If desired, the operator can cause the tape control to write on
two tapes simultaneously by giving both units the same address.

118

Manual Rewind
Three-position momentary contact switch with a stable center off position.
Pushing this switch to START RWD sets the rewind flip-flop, causing the tape to run
in reverse at high speed. Pushing the switch to STOP RWD clears the rewind flip·-flop,
halting the tape.
Manua I Direction
Three-position momentary contact switch with a center off position. Forward
tape motion is produced while this switch is held in FORWARD; reverse motion while
held in REVERSE.
Selected
With the Type 52 Control, th is Iight indicates that the tape un it has been
selected. However, with the Type 51 Control, the light indicates that the tape unit
has been selected and commanded to operate.
Ready
Indicates that the unit is ready for on-line operation. This requires that thE:!
un it be in AUTO mode, that transport power be on and that the tape be stationary'.
Write Lock
Indicates that the supply reel does not contain a write enable ring. Leavin!9
the ring out of the reel protects the information contained on the tape.
Rewind
Indicates that the tape is rewinding.
Load Point
Indicates that the beginning-of-tape reflective strip is at the photosensor.

119

Full Reel
Indicates that less than 100 feet of tape are on the takeup reel.
Low Reel
Indicates that less than 100 feet are left on the supply reel.
End Point
Indicates that the end -of -tape reflective strip is at or has passed the
photosensor.

Tape Loading
1•

Turn TRANSPORT POWER switch to OFF.

Take the unit off line by turning the mode switch to MAN.

Rotate tape load handle 1800 clockwise. This brings the tension arms inside
the bridge rollers.

Lock low tape sensors by pushing them against the stop blocks.

Mount an empty reel on the lower hub.

Mount a full reel of i'ape on the upper hub so that the free end of the tape hangs
down from the right side of the reel, shiny side out. The groove for the write
enable lockout ring should be on the back of the reel. If the tape contains data
that must be protected, make certain there is no write enable ring in the reel.

Unwind about 6 feet of tape from the reel.

Open buffer cover and head cover.

Thread tape.

10.

Close buffer cover but not head cover.

11 •

Wind one turn of tape around the takeup reel in a clockwise direction.
120

CAUTION
Do not sl ip free end of tape into slot in reel core and do not secure the
free end to the reel in any manner.
12.

Hold free end of tape to core of takeup reel with finger.

13.

Turn supply reel until tape slack is taken up.

14.

Wind about four turns of tape on takeup reel by rotating both reels
manually.

Make sure the tape is not slipping on the takeup reel.

15.

Unwind about 2 feet of tape from each reel to provide slack for the tension arms.

16.

Release tape load handle by rotating 1800 counterclockwise. The tension arms
swing toward normal position, taking up tape slack.

17.

Inspect to see that tape is properly positioned within all guiding rollers and the
guide trough.

18.

Close head cover.

19.

Release low tape sensors.

20.

Make sure the tape is seated properly by running the transport from the manual
control panel.

121

Manual Control
After loading a tape, the operator should check out the tape un it from the manual
control panel to make sure that the tape is seated correctly and that the transport is running properly. Apply power to the transport by turning ON the TRANSPORT POWER
switch. It is not necessary to put the 822 power control into LOCAL.

It can be left

in REMOTE provided the tape unit is off line (i .e. the mode switch is in MAN). However, transport power cannot go on unless the transport interlock is closed.
The interlock opens whenever the tape load handle is turned to the load position
bringing the tension arms inside the bridge rollers. It also opens whenever the tension
arms swing all the way out to the tension arm bumpers. The former condition prevents
the transport from being turned on while tape is being loaded; the latter turns off the
transport if the tape should break or run off the reel.
With power on and the unit off line, check the effect of the direction and rewind
switches at the right of the control panel. These switches function only when the un it
is off line. Check the forward motion of the tape by holding the direction switch in
FORWARD.

Wind enough tape on the takeup reel so that both reverse and rewind can

be checked. Run the tape in reverse for a short distance. Then push the rewind switch
to START RWD and let the rewind go to the beginning of the tape. The tape should halt
when the LOAD PO INT indicator goes on.
Operator1s Check List
After loading a tape and checking tape motion, the unit should be readied for
on -I ine operation. Check the following:

1. If computer power is off, turn 'TRANSPORT POWER to REMOTE.

2. If computer power is on, is the transport also on? If not, push TRANSPORT
POWER to ON, then return it to REMOTE. The indicator at the upper left should
light.

122

3. Is the tape unit on -line? The AUTO indicator should be lit.
4. Is the READY indicator lit? The LOAD POINT and FULL REEL indicat()rs
should also be on.
5. If the tape conta ins data that must not be destroyed, make sure the write
enable ring is not in the reel. The WRITE LOCK indicator should be lit.
6. Is the UN IT selector set to the correct address? If the computer is to rE~ad
the tape, make sure no other unit is set to the same address.

123

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I
CHARACTER CODE CHART
COLLATING SEQUENCE
A T
B N E
C E L
D L E

CARD

DEFINED AS

CODE

A T
B N E
C E L
D L E
+ + &

CARD

DEFINED AS

CODE

Plus
11 00 PQ.
12
01 00 lel
Slash
12-1
/ / I 0-1
01 00 1Q.
S
S
S
12-2- 0-2
_._- f--- _....
...- ..-.-..
01 00III
12-3
T
T
T
0-3
........... --"'_ .... ..•.........
-01 01 pO
12-4
U U U 0-4
01 01 01
12-5
V V V
0-5_._.
01 01 10
W
W
12-6
W
0-6
----01 01 11
X X X
12-7
0-7
..•-... ..
...
----_
-:::- ---- --y y y
()O
H H H
oi
to
1000
12-8
0-8
IIi
..'--~r 0-9
-12-9
I I I
01 10 01
III 10 01 Z Z Z
-.. ' - - - _.
....... ...... $? 0-2-8
Plus Zero
01
& ?
10
10
Negation
10 10
12-.0
III
.--"r'''-12-3~-cf Period
Comma
01
10
11
11 10 11
0-3-8
." '..
.__ .. __".h_ .._ ...._---..._.----- - .
-l-'-'ifLgh-t--Paren-·:···············~·~·-·
--C'
) -} )
01 11 00
12-4-8 r-::--..
0-4-8 Left Paren.
Iii 11 00
..
01 11 01
V
t: C. $ ( _.12-5"':S Left Bracket
Iii Ii
$/ 0-5-8 Or
$:'~'--li
1\
/\
Less
Than
llG
And
01 11
12-6-8
i1
$# 0-6-8
< <~ ::>
~
01 11 11
Arrow
$; ---.--12-7-8
$ , 0-7-8 Implies
III 11 11
- ....
..
..
..- - - - .
00 10 10
11
1100"0 06 .~- -j3' i)'--01j
00 00 01
J J J
10 00
11-1
1 1 1 1
__.,00 00 10
K K K 11-2
110 00 10 2 2 2 2
08 00 11
L L L 11-3
110 00 11 3 3 3 3
0: 01 00
M M M 11-4
110 01 oP 4 4 4 4
08 01 01
N N N 11-5
110 01 01 5 5 5 5
0 0 0
0:
01 1~
11-6
6
6
6
6
110 01 1~
. rp P P
08 01 11
11-7
110 01 11 7 7 7 7
Q Q Q 11-8
0:
10
10
8
8
8
8
10 Op
Po
- .•. .....__._R R R
10
9
9
9
9
08
10 O~
11-9
_._- 1-.- Pl
..
--110
--,, t
Minus Zero
10 10 10
08 00 Op
N/A
• 11-0
10 10 11 = = $: 3-8
Equal
08 10 1~
$ $ $S 11-5-8 Dollar Sign
@
At
x
#
Asterisk
10
110
00
11-4-8
4-8
11 Op
*
10 11 01 : - :
5-8
Colon
0: 11 O~
.1 .J $) 11-5-8
Right
Bracket
.... .. --------Greater than
10 11 10 '> ') $& 6-8
08 11 Ib
;
;
11-6-8 Semicolon
6 .. .
EOF
OC 11 11
10 11 11
11-7-8 Delta
7-8
Space

-A -=-.
A A
B B B
C C C
. ...
D D D
E E E
F F F
G G G

----~.-.--~--

---.-----~---~---~

~--.-~-

01 00 00
11 00 O!:
00
11
... .- f-·- !Q
11 00 II
11 01 00
11 01 01
11 01 10
11 01 11

~~---

r-~'-

------

--.-~----

.--~-.~-.---

-~-.--

-.~.--

--~

..• -

.----~.---.-

......... -

~~.-

-~-.---

~-~

~--~-

. . ·
'--_.

'-r
I

------~----

.-~

_"."".~~

.-.--.~

-,~.~-"

-~-

I-- ..

-'-"~-'

...

ro-----

-MIi1"u-s·~- -----····-·-~··-·~·----·-·

-~-------

. . . . . . ._. _ _ ••• ' < -

~-~-

---

APPENDIX II
BUS-PAl< II INSTRUCTION LIST
BASIC CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
DECIMAL
ANELEX
TELETYPE
174¢1 BEGIN
6¢¢¢¢¢ GOTO
74¢¢¢¢ NOP
175¢¢ STOP
DATA MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS
FROM
17423 CLRSTR
N
FROM
17411 MV
N
FROM
17412 MVZ
N
N
FROM
17413 MVN
FROM
17414 MVS
N
FROM
17415 MVX
N
TO
1742¢ SETX
TO
17421 SETY
TO
17422 CLZ
LOGICAL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
17456 TCE
CHAR
TO
CHAR
N
175¢5 SEARCH
17457 TSS
SW
GOTO
17462 IFX
FROM
GOTO
17463 IFY
FROM
GOTO
17454 LDCTR
CTR
V
17455 TSTCTR
CTR
GOTO
17464 SET
SW
17465 CLEAR
SW
SW
GOTO
1746¢ TPS
AC
17461 TAO
GOTO

PG
16
17
18
18
19
19
2¢

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
27
27

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO

GOTO
FROM

GOTO

28
29
29
3¢
3¢
3¢
31
31
31
32
32

ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
AC
CLRAC
1741¢
LOADAC
AC
175¢1
DEPAC
AC
175¢6
ADDAC
AC
175¢3
SUBAC
AC
174¢3
MULAC
AC
174¢4
AC
DIVAC
174¢5
ADDMEM
AC
17523
AC
17522
SUBMEM
17524
AC
MULMEM
AC
17525
DIVMEM

PG
34

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

FROM
TO
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
TO
TO
TO
TO

35
36
37
38
39
4¢
41
42
43
44

ACCUMULATOR SHIFT INSTRUCTIONS
AC
SHFTL
T
175¢6
AC
SHFTR
T
175¢7
SHFTRR
AC
T
1751¢
EDIT INSTRUCTIONS
17416
EDIT
17417
MVEDIT

N
N

FROM
FROM

45
46
47

TO
TO

51
51

ALPHANUMERIC AND NUMERIC COMPARE INSTRUCTIONS
ALPHANUMERIC COMPARE
17466
CMPEQU
N
17467
CMPUEQ
N
17471
CMPGRT
N
CMPLES
N
1747¢
17424
CMPGEQ
N
CMPLEQ
N
174¢7

FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO

GOTO
GO TO
GOTO
GO TO
GOTO
GOTO

52
52
52
52
52
52

BUS-PAK II INSTRUCTION LIST CONT'd.
NUMERIC COMPARE
17472 EQUAL
17473 UNEQU~L
17475 GREATER
17474 LESS
17477 GRTEQU
17476 LESEQU

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

N
N
N
N
N
N

INDEX CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
174$'0 LDIDX
IDX
V
..-T
17451 ADDIDX
IDX
v
17453 DEPIDX
IDX
TO
17452 LDIDEC
IDX
N
175¢2 LDBLIDX
IDX

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO

FROM

GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GO TO
GOTO

53
53
53
53
53
53

54
54
55
55
55

MAGNETIC TAPE IN/OUT INSTRUCTION cont'd.
U
REWIND
1744¢
GOTO
TO
U
RDTAPE
17436
GOTO
FROM
U
WRTAPE
17437
GO TO
FROM
U
WRTCMP
17533
T
U
SPCREC
17444
U
SPCFILE
17445
T
U
BKSREC
17442
U
BKSFILE
17443
GOTO
U
ENDPOINT
17527
U
WREOF
17441

70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
77
78

MICRO-DISK IN/OUT INSTRUCTIONS
L
U
OPENDISK
17515
U
SEEK
17516
TO
U
RDDISK
17517
FROM
U
WRDISK
1752¢
U
CLOSEDISK
17521

8¢
81
82
83
84

STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL INSTRUCTIONS
TO
FROM
DUMP
17532
TO
FROM
RETRIEVE
17531
17536
LDPROG

85
86
86

TELEPRINTER IN/OUT INSTRUCTIONS
17431 TYPE
N
FROM
17434 TYPTXT
FROM
17433 TAB
17432 TCR
175¢4 TYPE IN
N
TO
175¢3 INQUIRY
GOTO

56
57
57
58
59
60

PUNCHED CARD IN/OUT INSTRUCTION
17425 RDCRD
TO
GOTO
17426 PUNCRD
FROM

61
62

CHECKPOINT AND RESTART INSTRUCTIONS
CHECKPOINT
17534
RESTART
17535

88
89

HIGH SPEED PRINTER OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
17427 PRNLIN
FROM
SPACE
1743¢
CHAR

63
64

MAGNETIC TAPE IN/OUT INSTRUCTIONS
17435 OPEN
U
B
L
17446 HIDEN
U
17447 LODEN
U
17526 ALTTAPE
U
ALT

68
69
69
69

SUBROUTINE CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
1¢¢¢¢¢ GOTOSV
62¢¢¢¢ RETFROM
637511 EXIT
637512 EXIT1
637513 EXIT2
6375.14 EXIT3

9¢
91
92
92
92
92

APPENDIX III
BUS PAK II ERROR MESSAGES
MESSAGE

CAUSE

ACTION

BOC

Bad op-code

Cannot be restarted

CKP

Checkpoint record has
been wri tten

Indicate location of chec:kpoint
on cards (input or output) and
press continue

CMP

Compare error on Magneti c
tape

Does not stop

NSR

No such record on disk

Press continue to bypass error
record and continue processing

PAR

Parity during read of
Magneti c Tape

Does not stop

PAW

Parity during write of
Magneti c tape

Does not stop

PNR

Card punch not ready

Fix error condition, set switch 2
up if card is to be repunc:hed,
press continue

PRC

Parity during read-compare
on Magneti c tape

Does not stop

RIC

Read incorrect card in card
reader

Fix card and replace in c:ard
hopper, set AC switch I iin the up
position and press continue.

RWD

Error in reading or writing
of Micro-Disk

Check unit and fix, press continue
to try again

SRR

Short record read on Magneti c
tape

Press continue to back space and
try again.

SRW

Short record 'M'itten on
Magnetic tape

Press conti nue to back space and
try again

TEP

Tape at end-point, no end
of file written

Does not stop

APPENDIX III Cont'd
BUS -PAK II ERROR MESSAGES
MESSAGE

CAUSE

ACTION

TME

Too many EXIT's

Cannot be restarted

TNI

Too many tape un its defined

Cannot be restarted

Tape unit is write protected

Correct and press continue

TUD

Either tape unit or Micro-Disk
un i t is not defined

Cannot be restarted

APPENDIX IV
FORBIDDEN lABELS
ADD
ADDAC
ADDIDX
ADDMEM
AND
ANElEX
BAR
BEGIN
BKSFll
BKSPC
BKSREC
BSR
CAL
CCl
CHAR
CHECKP
ClA
ClC
CLEAR
Cll
ClOF
ClON
CLOSED
CLRAC
ClRSTR
ClSF
ClZ
CMA
CMl
CMPEQU
CMPGEQ
CMPGRT
CMPLEQ
CMPLES
CMPUEQ
CPCF
CPlR
CPSE
CPSF
CRRB
CRSA
CRSB
CRSF

D
DAC
DCF
DECIMA
DEPAC
DEPIDX
DIVAC
DIVMEM
D3B
DSF
DUMP
DXl
DXS
DYl
DYS
DZM
ENDPOI
EQUAL
EXIT
EXITI
EXIT2
EXIT3
EXPUNG
FIODEC
FIX
FLEX
GCl
GlF
GlK
GOTO
GOTOSV
GPl
GPR
GREATE
GRTEQU
GSF
GSP
HIDEN
HlT
I
IFX
IFY
10F

ION
10RS
lOT
ISZ
JMP
JMS
KRB
KSF
lAC
lAM
lAS
lAT
lAW
lDBLlD
lDCTR
lDIDEC
lDIDX
lESEQU
lESS
lOADAC
lODEN
lPCF
lPlD
lPSE
l7SF
lSCF
3S3S
lSSF
4CA
MCC
MCD
MCEF
MCI
MCWF
MDEF
MDWF
MEEF
MEWF
MtEF
MIWF
MLI
MMBF
MMDF

MMEF
MMlC
MMRD
MMRS
MMSE
MMWR
MNC
MRC
MRCA
MRD
MRl
MRM
MRR
MRS
MSC
MSCR
MSEF
MSF
MSI
MSUR
MSWF
MTC
MTRS
MTS
MUlAC
MUlMEN
MV
MVE
MVN
MVS
MVX
MVZ
MWC
MWl
MWM
MWR
NOINPU
NOP
NOSYMB
NOT
OAS
OCTAL
OPEN

OPENDI
OPR
PAUSE
PCF
PlS
PRNLIN
PSF
PUNCH
PUNCRD
PUNDEF
RAl
RAR
RCBH
RCBl
RCDH
RCDl
RCl
RCR
RDCRD
RDTAPE
REST AR
RETFRO
RETRIE
REW
REWIND
RRB
RSA
RSB
RSF
RTBH
RTBl
RTDH
RTDl
RTR
SAD
SEARCH
SET
SETX
SETY
SHFTl
SHFTR
SHFTRR
SHIFT

SKP
SKR
SMA
SMl
SNA
SNL
SPA
SPACE
SPCFll
SPCREC
SPl
START
STl
STOP
SUBAC
SUBMEM
SYMBOL
SZA
SZl
TAB
TAD
TAO
TCE
TCF
TCR
TELETY
TEXT
TlS
TPS
TSF
TSS
TSTCTR
TYPE
TYPEIN
TYPTXT
UI'~EQUA

VARIAB
WEF
WREOF
WRTAPE
WRTCMP
WTBH
WTBl

APPENDiX \ V Cont'd.
FORBIDDEN LABELS
WTDH
WTDL
XCT
XOR

XX
XI
XI

XII
XI2
XI3

XI4
XI5
X2

X3
X4
X5

X6
X7
X8

•

BUS-PAK" CODING SHEET

Label
~-

Date

Author

No.

Program Name

Sheet~f _ _

Comments

Variable Operand Field

Operation
I

I
I
I

I
I

I
J

I
I

,,
,

I
I

»
-u

I
I
I
I

I
I

,I
I

,
I
I

!.. !..

I
I

,
!

-u

APPENDIX VI
PROGRAMMI NG EXAMPLES
Example I:
card-to-tape

strt,

anelex

/ set anelex code input

decimal

/ set decimal radix

begin

/ initialize Bus-Pak II

open
c Irstr

rdcd,

81
81

tep;

cda,

ms I,

/ stop machine

rewind

/ rewind unit I

rdcrd

cda

/ get card info cda
goto tep

/ write card from cda

goto rdcd

/ go back and read next card

wr.eof

/ write end-of-file on unit I

rewind

/ rewind unit I

goto strt+8

/ go stop machine

typtxt

msl

/ type end-point message

stop

/ stop machine

goto rdcd-2

/ go rewind new tape

cda+81/

/ defi ne card area

teletype

/ set teletype code input

text /

load next tape, press continue

start strt

goto ceof
cda

tape is at end point

/ clear card area

stop

wrtcmp

ceof,

cda

/ open unit I w/I¢ x 81 rec

Example 2:

tape-to-card

strt,

anelex

/ set anelex code input

decimal

/set decimal radix

begin

/ initialize Bus-Pak II
I¢

open

rdt,

/ stop mach ine

rewind

/ rewind unit I

rdtape

cda
cda

goto rdt

tep,

cda,

msl,

endpoint

goto tep

/ read record from tape
/ punch card

/ test if eof or end-point

rewind

/ eof - rewind un it I

goto strt + 5

/ go stop machine

typtxt

msl

/ type end- point message

stop

/ stop mach ine

goto rdt-2

/ go rewind new tape

cda + 81/

/ define card area

teletype

/ set teletype code in put

text /

load next tape, press continue.

start strt

goto teof

/ go read next record

tape ~t end-point.

/ open unit I w/I¢ x 81 rec

stop

puncrd

teof,

Example 3:
tape-to-printer

I set anelex code input
I set decimal radix
I initial ize Bus-Pak II

anelex
decimal
strt,

begin
open

cl rstr

12,0

81
pta

goto rdt - 2

I stop mach ine
I rewind unit I
I read rec from unit I
I print record
I go read next record
I test if end-point or eof
I eof - rewind unit I
I go stop machine
I type end-point message
I stop mach ine
I go rew ind new tape

pta + 12,0 I

I set up print area

tel etype

I set teletype code input

stop
rewind
rdt,

pta

rdtape
prnlin

pta

goto rdt
teof,

endpoint

goto tep

rewind
goto strt + 8
tep,

typtxt

msl

stop

pta,

ms, ,

text I

tape at end-point.
load next tape, press continue.

I
start strt

I open unit I wi 1,0 x 81 rec
I clear print area

goto teof

Example 4:
card -to-tape, tape-to-card, tap-to-printer

anelex
decimal
strt,

tstssw,

begin

/ initialize Bus-Pak II

clear

/ clear all prog sw

stop

/ stop mach ine

tss

goto ctt

/ card-to-tape op

tss

goto ttc

/ tape-to-card op

tss

goto ttp

/ tape-to-printer op

goto tstssw

/ test sw's again

/ set sense switch I up for cart-to-tape operation
ctt,

153

open

set
loop I,

rdcrd

/ card -to-tape open
/ set prog sw I

cda

goto deof

wrtcmp

cda

tss

goto .+3

/ rd card
goto tieof

clear

/ write card
/ test ssw I
/ no-clear prog sw I

tps

goto 100p2

/ test for tape-to'~ card

tss

goto ttc

/ test start tape-to-card

tps

goto loop 3

/ test for tape ~to-printer

tss

goto ttp

/ test start tape-to-pJrinter

goto loop I

/ test sti II card-to-tape

tps
goto tstssw-2

/ term inate operations

/ set sense switch I down to stop card-to tape operation
ceof,

wreof

/ write eof on unit I

stop

/ stop machine

tss

goto ett

/ test continue cit

goto loop I + 7

tieof,

typtxt

/ no

msl

/ type end-point mess

stop

/ stop machine

goto loop I + 7

/ continue

/ set sense switch 2 up for tape- to-card operation
ttc,

loop 2,

open

set

rdtape

puncrd

pcha

tss

clear

tps

goto loop 3

/ test tape-to-printer

tss

goto ttp

/ test3tort ttp

tps

goto loop I

/ test card-to-tape

tss

goto ctt

/ test start ctt

goto loop 2

/ test continue ttc

tps

1,0'

/ open tape-to-card
/ set prog sw 2

pcha

goto t2eof

/ read tape
/ punch card

goto .+3

/ test ssw 2
/ clear prog sw 2

goto tstssw - 2
/ set sense switch 2 down to stop tape-to-card operation
t2eof,

endpoint

/ test if end-point

goto t2ep

/ no-stop machine

stop
tss

/ test continue ttc

goto ttc

gon loop 2 + 6

/ no

/ type end-point message
t2ep,

typtxt

msl

stop
goto loop 2
/ set sense switch 3 up for tape-to-printer operation
ttp,

open
cl rstr

3
12,0'

1,0'
pta

/ tape-to-printer open
/ clear print area

loop 3,

set

/ set prog sw 3

rdtape

prnlin

pta

tss

clear

tps

goto loop I

/ test card-to-tape

tss

goto ctt

/ test start ctt

tps

goto loop 2

/ test tape-to-card

tss

goto ttc

/ test start ttc

tps

goto loop 3

/ test continue ttp

pta

goto t3eof

/ print line
goto .+3

/ no

/ set sense switch 3 down to stop tape-to-printer operation
endpoint

goto t3ep

stop
tss

goto loop 3 + 6
/ type end-point message
t3ep,

typtxt

msl

stop
goto loop 3
/ in put - out put areas
cdQ,

cda + 81/

pcha,

pcha + 81/

prt,

prt + 12,0/

/ te letype out put message
teletype
msl,

text /

tape at end-point
load next tq:> e, press continue.

/
start strt

/ test continue ttp
/ no - clear prog sw ~~

goto tstssw

t3eof,

/ read tape

goto ttp