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EK-DVMLS-IN-C01

May 1995

124 pages

Original

0.5MB

Document:	DECvoice-T1 Hardware Installation
Order Number:	EK-DVMLS-IN
Revision:	C01
Pages:	124
Original Filename:

OCR Text

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Contents
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

SYSTEM OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.3 Software Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1 M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1.1 Connection to the TDM Highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1.2 Connection to M3136 Module Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1.3 Cover Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2.1 Connection to the TDM Highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2.2 Connection to ROM Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.3 TDM Highway Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
MODULE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1 M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1.1 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1.2 Q22-bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1.3 Telephonics Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.2.1 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4.2.2 Channel Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4.2.3 Q22-bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5.1 M3136 Module Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 2 MODULE INSTALLATION PROCEDURES
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CHECKING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
UNPACKING MODULE SHIPMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CONFIGURING DECvoice MODULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.1 Controller Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.2 Common Devices Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.3 SYSGEN CONFIGURE Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.4 DECvoice SYSGEN Rank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

iii

Contents
2.5

2.6
2.7

GUIDELINES FOR MODULE PLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5.1 Module Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5.2 Removing and Installing Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5.3 Installing the DECvoice-T1 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.5.4 Connecting the TDM Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.7.1 MicroVAX Diagnostic Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.7.2 DECvoice Online Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Chapter 3 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
3.1
3.2

3.3

3.4

DECvoice-T1 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.1 M3136 Telephony Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.2 M3135 Voice Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.1 M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.1.1 M3136 Module Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.1.2 M3136 Module Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3.2.1 M3135 Module Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3.2.2 M3135 Module Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
MODULE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.1 M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.1.1 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.1.2 Q-bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.1.3 Telephonics Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4.2 M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4.2.1 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4.2.2 Line Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4.2.3 Q-bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

–10
iv

Contents
Chapter 4 Q-BUS HOST INTERFACE
4.1
4.2

4.3

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
M3136 SOFTWARE INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2.1 CSR0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2.1.1 Module Status (MS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.1.2 Run/Stop (RS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.1.3 Hardware ID (HW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.1.4 Memory Base (MB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.1.5 Timer Interrupt Enable (TI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.1.6 Module Alert (MA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.2 CSR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.2.1 Zero (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.2.2.2 Request B (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2.3 Q-bus Vector (QV), B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2.4 Q-bus Page (QP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2.5 Memory Enable (ME) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2.6 Alert Int Enable (AI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2.7 Host Alert (HA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.3.1 First Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.3.2 Second Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.4 Memory Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
M3136 SOFTWARE INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.1 CSR0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.1.1 Module State (MS), [3:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.1.2 Run/Stop (RS), [4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3.1.3 ID (HW), [7:5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3.1.4 Memory Base (MB), [13:8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3.1.5 Timer Int Enable (TI), [14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3.1.6 Module Alert (MA), [15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3.2 CSR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.1 Bits [1:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.2 Request B (B), [2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.3 Q-bus Vector (QV), [8:3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.4 Q-bus Page (QP), [12:9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.5 Memory Enable (ME), [13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3.2.6 Alert Int Enable (AI), [14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.2.7 Host Alert (HA), [15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.3.1 Host Alert Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.3.2 Second Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.4 Shared Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.5 Reset Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Chapter 5 TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

–9
v

Contents
Appendix A CONNECTOR PINOUTS
A.1

A.2

TDM CONNECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
A.1.1 M3135 Upper (“IN”) 20-pin IDC Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A.1.2 M3135 Lower (“OUT”) 20-pin IDC Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A.1.3 M3135 TDM Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
A.1.4 M3136 Cover Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
M3136 T1 COVER CONNECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Appendix B TELEPHONICS AND REGULATORY INFORMATION
B.1
B.2

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
PHYSICAL CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.2.1 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.2.2 Pulse Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.2.3 Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.2.3.1 Clock Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.2.3.2 Clock Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
B.3 DATA LINK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
B.3.1 Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
B.3.2 Zero Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
B.3.3 Signaling Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B.3.4 Alarms and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B.4 T1 SIGNALING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
B.5 TELECOMMUNICATION TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
AFFIDAVIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
ATTESTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

–8
vi

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25

Functional Block Diagram of the DECvoice-T1 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Functional Block Diagram of the M3136 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Functional Block Diagram of the M3135 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
M3136 Module Switchpacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M3136 Example CSR Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
M3135 Module Switchpacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
M3135 Example CSR Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Bus Grant Continuity Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Releasing the Captive Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Unlocking the Release Levers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Installing a Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
EMI and EOS Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Gap Filler Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Attaching the Gap Filler Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
H3027 T1 Loopback Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Voice/T1 Module MDM Numbering for 72-Line DECvoice–T1 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Functional Block Diagram of the M3136 Telephone Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Functional Block Diagram of the M3135 Voice Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
CSR0 Field Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CSR1 Field Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Shared Memory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
CSR0 Field Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CSR1 Field Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Shared Memory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
TDM Connector, J1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

–7
vii

Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table A-1
Table A-2
Table B-1

Power and Bus Load Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Enclosure Slots and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
DECvoice-T1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Common Controller Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
DECvoice SYSGEN Rank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Recommended Module Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
M3136 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
M3135 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
TDM Bus Connections, J1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
M3136 T1 Connector Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Default D3/D4 Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

–6
viii

PREFACE

ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This manual explains how to configure and install the DECvoice-T1 system and how to install DECvoice modules
into a system.
For information on the features of the DECvoice-T1 that are currently supported by the software, consult the
DECvoice Software Reference Manual.
Place this guide in the same binder with other DECvoice-T1 manuals.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
This manual is for Digital Customer Service personnel and approved customer self-maintenance users of the
DECvoice-T1 hardware.

NOTE
Digital recommends that a Digital customer service representative install your system hardware.

READER’S COMMENTS
Digital welcomes your comments on this or any other manual.
You can send your comments to Digital in the following ways:
S Internet electronic mail to: readers_comment@zk3.dec.com
S Mail:
Digital Equipment Corporation
Shared Engineering Services
Digital Drive MKO1–2/E12
P.O. BOX 9501
Merrimack, NH 03054–9982
Please reference EK–DVMLS–IN. C01 in your correspondence.

–5
ix

ORGANIZATION
This manual is divided into five chapters and two appendixes.
CHAPTER 1, INTRODUCTION – Provides the reader with an overview of the DECvoice-T1 system.
CHAPTER 2, MODULE INSTALLATION PROCEDURES – Describes the procedures to follow for unpacking,
configuring, and installing the DECvoice-T1 system and installing and cabling the M3136 or M3135 modules in the
system.
CHAPTER 3, TECHNICAL INFORMATION – Provides a technical discussion of the DECvoice-T1 system.
CHAPTER 4, Q-BUS HOST INTERFACE –Discusses the Q-bus interface to the M3136 and M3135 modules.
CHAPTER 5, TROUBLESHOOTING – Lists possible problems and their causes, as well as the appropriate corrective action to correct these problems.
APPENDIX A, CONNECTOR PINOUTS – Lists the signals on the pins of the various connectors.
APPENDIX B, TELEPHONICS AND REGULATORY INFORMATION – Discusses the regulatory information
that applies to telephonics.
GLOSSARY – Defines those terms that are used in the DECvoice-T1 documentation and to telecommunication .

–4
x

CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used in this document:

NOTE

A note calls the reader’s attention to any item of information that may be of special
importance.

CAUTION

A caution contains information essential to avoid damage to the equipment.

WARNING

A warning contains information essential to the safety of personnel.

RELATED DOCUMENTATION
Document

Order Number

DECvoice Software Reference Manual

AA–LE86C–TE

DECvoice VOX V2.0 Installation Manual

AA–PB3HA–TE

MicroVAX Systems Maintenance Guide

EK–O01AA–MG

MicroVAX Diagnostic Monitor User’s Guide

AA–FM7AE–DN

MicroVAX Hardware Information Kit

ZNAJF–GZ

VMS System Generation Utility Manual

AA–LA30A–TE

AT&T Compatability Bulletin

#119

TELEPHONE AND DIRECT MAIL ORDERS
FROM

CALL

WRITE

U.S.A.

DECdirect
Phone: 800–DIGITAL
(800–344–4825)
FAX: (603) 884–5597

Digital Equipment Corporation
P.O. Box CS2008
Nashua, NH 03061

Canada

Phone: 800–267–6215
FAX: (613) 592–1946

Digital Equipment of Canada Ltd.
100 Herzberg Road
Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2A6
Attn: DECdirect Sales

International

__________________

Local Digital subsidiary or approved distributor

Internal Orders

DTN: 234–4325
(508) 351–4325
FAX: (508) 351–4467

Digital Equipment Corporation
Publishing & Circulation Services
NRO2–2
444 Whitney Street
Northboro, MA 01532

–3
xi

COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS
FCC Requirements – Notice to Users of T1 Service
The following instructions are provided to ensure compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Rules, Part 68.
1. This device must only be connected to the T1 network connected behind an FCC Part 68 registered channel
service unit. Direct connection is not allowed.
2. Before connecting your unit, you must inform the telephone company of the following information:
PORT ID
DECvoice

REN/SOC
6.0N

FIC
04DU9–B/C

USOC
N/A

3. If the unit appears to be malfunctioning, it should be disconnected from the telephone lines until you learn if
your equipment or the telephone line is the source of the trouble. If your equipment needs repair, it should
not be reconnected until it is repaired.
4. If the telephone company finds that this equipment is exceeding tolerable parameters, the telephone company
can temporarily disconnect service, although they will attempt to give you advance notice if possible.
5. Under the FCC Rules, no customer is authorized to repair this equipment. This restriction applies regardless
of whether the equipment is in or out of warranty.
6. If the telephone company alters their equipment in a manner that will affect this device, they must give you
advance warning so as to give you the opportunity for uninterrupted service. You will be advised of your
right to file a complaint with the FCC.
7. The enclosed Affidavit must be completed by the installer.
8. In the event of equipment malfunction, all repairs should be performed by Digital personnel or an authorized
agent. It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to Digital or to one of
our authorized agents.
To obtain service, contact your authorized Digital customer service representative.
Communications Requirements in Canada
The Canadian Department of Communications (DOC) label on the DECvoice-T1 system identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operational,
and safety requirements. The DOC does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
DOC regulations require that you provide the business office of your local telecommunications company with the
following information, before you install the DECvoice-T1 system.
Make:

DECvoice

Model:

DTCN5–UG

Before you install this equipment, make sure it is permissible to connect it to the telecommunications company’s
facilities. You must also install the equipment by using an approved connection method. Be aware that complying
with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations. Telecommunications company
requirements do not allow you to connect their equipment to customer provided jacks, except where specified by
individual telecommunications company tariffs.

–2
xii

Only authorized Canadian maintenance facilities, designated by the supplier, should repair certified equipment. If
you repair or alter certified equipment yourself, or if the equipment malfunctions, the telecommunications company
has cause to ask you to disconnect the equipment.
You should ensure (for your own protection) that the electrical ground connections for the power utility, telephone
lines, and internal metallic water-pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly
important in rural areas.

CAUTION
Do not try to make such connections yourself. Contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or
electrician.

FCC USER STATEMENT
NOTICE:
This equipment generates, uses, and may emit radio frequency energy. The equipment
has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device
pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such radio frequency interference. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area may cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be
required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.

–1
xiii

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

This chapter provides an overview of the DECvoice-T1 system. The DECvoice-T1 system is an integrated hardware
and software product that provides a MicroVAX computer with a voice application platform. The complete system
includes hardware and software components. Figure 1 shows functional block diagrams of the DECvoice-T1 system.
DTCN5–UG Upgrade Kit hardware components include:
•

M3136 T1 module, used to route voice data to T1

•

M3135 voice module, used to process voice data

•

TDM bus terminators, bulkhead assembly, TDM bus cables, right-angle cables

DTC05–SA Upgrade Kit hardware components include:
•

M3135 voice module, used to process voice data

•

Additional TDM bus cable

CK–DTC05–AA Expansion cabinet hardware kit components include:
•

TDM bus expansion cable

•

DECvoice, TDM bus, expansion bulkhead assembly

This document deals mainly with the hardware. For a detailed description of the DECvoice software components,
refer to the DECvoice DTC05 Software Reference Manual (AA–LE86C–TE), DECvoice Software Product
Description (SPD), and DECvoice Software System Support Addendum (SSA 31.69.00).

MicroVAX

µVAX

CONSOLE

CONSOLE
COVER

MEMORY
MEMORY

BLANK
COVER
NETWORK

ETHERNET
TDM
EXP.
COVER

M3135
M3135

BLANK
COVER

M3135
Q-BUS EXPANDER

CSU

INSIDE THE SYSTEM
Q-BUS EXPANDER
M3136

T1
COVER
CHANNEL
BANK

M3135
M3135

BLANK
COVER

M3135

BLANK
COVER

M3135

BLANK
COVER

UP TO 24
ANALOG
LINES

OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM

DISK
TAPE

BLANK
COVER

CS–8426

Figure 1

Functional Block Diagram of the DECvoice-T1 System

MicroVAX

µVAX

CONSOLE

CONSOLE
COVER

NETWORK

MEMORY
MEMORY

BLANK
COVER

ETHERNET
M3136

T1
COVER

PBX

ANALOG
OUTPUT

M3135
M3135

BLANK
COVER

M3135

BLANK
COVER

M3135

BLANK
COVER
OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM

DISK
TAPE

BLANK
COVER

CS–8428

Figure 1 Functional Block Diagram of the DECvoice-T1 System (continued)

1.2

FEATURES

This section describes the features of the M3136 and the M3135 Q-bus modules and the Time Division Multiplex
(TDM) Highway interconnect between modules.

1.2.1

M3136 Module

The M3136 module is the master routing module for all Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data on the DECvoice-T1
system. This module has the following features:
•

Connects to three T1 lines through external Channel Service Units (CSU) for connection to Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). These can be D3/D4 or an Extended Super Frame (ESF). Can also
connect to channel banks for connection to analog phone lines.

•

Drives three TDM Highway lines for connection to shelves1 of M3135 modules.

•

Can support be either robbed bit signaling or clear channel.

•

Can route any data source (T1, TDM, HDLC) to any data input or output device (T1, TDM, HDLC) using
nonblocking switching.

•

The T1 transmit clock can free run or be synchronized to the received clock on any T1 line. A single transmit clock is used for all T1 lines.

1.2.2 M3135 Module
The M3135 module is a data processing module for the DECvoice-T1 system. The M3135 module, with associated
microcode, functions in either an eight-line mode or single line mode of operation, with the following features.
Eight-Line Mode
•

Eight voice channels

•

Digitized speech recording and playback, including 32, 24, and 16 Kbps ADPCM data rates

•

DTMF tone signal detection

•

DTMF dialing

•

MF detection

•

MF dialing

•

Prompt tones

1 Groups of DTC05 modules are known as shelves and are inserted into contiguous slots; there can be no

other intervening modules.

Single-Line Mode
•

One voice channel

•

Text-to-speech conversion capabilities

•

Continuous digit, speaker independent voice recognition of the optional software license

•

Isolated word, speaker-independent voice recognition of the numbers 0 through 9, and the words “yes”,
“no”, and “oh” (a substitute for zero)

•

Speaker-dependent voice recognition of up to 50 words

•

DTMF tone signal detection

•

DTMF dialing

•

Call progress detection

•

MF detection

•

MF dialing

•

Prompt tones

1.2.3 Software Support
For software support, refer to DECvoice Software Product Description (SPD) and DECvoice Software System
Support Addendum (SSA 29.97.02).

1.3

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

This section provides a physical description of the M3136 and M3135 modules and the TDM Highway interconnect.
Both modules are compatible with BA200 S-box Series System enclosures or other compatible enclosures.

1.3.1 M3136 Module
The M3136 routing module is a quad-height, 25.8 x 20.6 cm (10.5 x 8.4 in.) Q-bus module. This module contains
the data routing circuitry for the DECvoice-T1 system. The M3136 module plugs into the MicroVAX Q-bus system.
The following sections discuss the M3136 module connections.

1.3.1.1 Connection to the TDM Highway
The TDM Highway connects to the voice modules using 20-pin connectors. The primary connection is to the bottom
connector of the double-stacked, 40-pin IDC. The secondary connection is in a separate 20-pin IDC connector. Both
connectors are single keyed and can connect to a voice module.

1.3.1.2 Connection to M3136 Module Cover
The connection to the M3136 module cover comes from the upper-half of the double-stacked 40-pin IDC. This connector is double keyed and has the transmit and receive pairs swapped.

1.3.1.3 Cover Connector
The cover connector includes the transmit and receive pair of wires and status lights.

1.3.2 M3135 Module
The M3135 data processing module is a quad-height, 25.8 x 20.6 cm (10.5 x 8.4 in.) Q-bus module. This module
contains the voice processing circuitry for the DECvoice system. The M3135 module plugs into the MicroVAX
Q-bus system.
The following sections discuss M3135 module connections.

1.3.2.1 Connection to the TDM Highway
The voice module connects to the TDM highway through a double-stacked, 20-pin connector. The upper connector
is double keyed and can connect to a M3136 module or to other voice modules; M3135’s. The lower connector
passes the TDM highway to other voice modules, or connects to a terminator.

1.3.2.2 Connection to ROM Module
For manufacturing purposes, the M3135 module also has a connection to a ROM diagnostic module.

1.3.3 TDM Highway Interconnect
Each TDM Highway is capable of carrying 32, full-duplex, 64K-bps channels. This corresponds exactly to 32 fullduplex voice ports carrying µ-Law or A-Law PCM data.
The TDM bus is expanded to an expansion cabinet with the expansion cabinet kit CK–DTC05–AA. The TDM bus
connections from the M3136 module cover is connected to the TDM bus expansion bulkhead assembly on the expansion box.

1.4

MODULE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

This section describes how the M3136 and M3135 modules operate.

1.4.1 M3136 Module
A functional block diagram of the M3136 module is shown in Figure 2.
The M3136 module has four major blocks: main processor, memory system, Q-bus interface, and telephonic section.
These blocks communicate through registers interrupts and memory windows.
The M3136 module connects between three interface types: a Q22-bus interface that is used for host control, three
Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Highways that are used to connect to the M3135 voice processing modules, and
three T1 connections that are made through the T1 connection cover.

1.4.1.1 Main Processor
The main processor section consists of an Intel 80C186 (12 MHz) 16-bit processor. This block has access to the
entire 1-Mbyte memory module. There are sites for program Read Only Memory (ROM). These ROMs are not used
during normal module operation.
The main processor section performs the following functions:
•

Controls communication with the host system

•

Controls the routing of PCM data through the system

•

Receives/transmits T1 Control and Signaling information

•

Provides limited audio capability (busy signal generation)

1.4.1.2 Q22-bus Interface
The Q22-bus interface consists of a slave section and a memory interface section. The slave section contains the control and status registers and the interrupt control circuitry.
The Q22-bus interface is used by the host for loading control or diagnostic programs for the main processor to
execute (this is how the main processor can operate without ROMs). It is also used by the host as the command/message interface to the main processor, both for data and for interrupts.

M3136 TELEPHONE MODULE
v
Q-BUS
INTERFACE

MEMORY
(1mb)

DXs
FOR
VOICE
AND
CONTROL

T1 FRAMER
AND LINE
INTERFACE

T1
TO T1
COVER

T1 FRAMER
AND LINE
INTERFACE

µp
v

MAIN
PROCESSOR

HDLC

/ TDM
3

TDM
TO T1
COVER

DRVRS/
RCVRS

TDM

M3135
TDM
Q-BUS
CS–8425

Figure 2

Functional Block Diagram of the M3136 Module

1.4.1.3 Telephonics Section
The telephonic section can be broken down into Digital Crosspoint Switches (DX), T1 framer/line interface, external
TDM interconnect, and HDLC. These sections are all connected together by internal TDM highways.
The crosspoint switches are the heart of the telephonic section. These switches provide nonblocking interconnect
between any of the internal TDM highways. They can also be set to read and write a TDM channel with control information. There are two sets of crosspoint switches on the module. The first set is used for routing voice data. The
second set is used for control of the T1 lines.
There are three sets of T1 framer and line interface parts. The framer and line interface section converts between T1
and internal TDM buses. The incoming T1 is split into a voice TDM bus (connects to the voice crosspoint), and into
a control TDM bus (connects to the control crosspoint). The outgoing T1 is synthesized using a voice TDM bus
(from the voice crosspoint) and two control TDM buses (from the control crosspoint).
The external TDM interconnect converts between the electrical characteristics of the internal TDM buses and the
electrical characteristics of the intermodule TDM buses. This section is mainly line drivers and receivers.
The HDLC section is available to translate a bit-oriented data stream from an internal TDM channel into a packet
oriented message for the main processor.

1.4.2 M3135 Module
A functional block diagram of the M3135 module is shown in Figure 3.
The M3135 module, shown in Figure 3, consists of three functional blocks: the main processor, line processor, and
Q-bus interface. These blocks communicate through interrupts and 64-KByte windows into the main processor’s
1 MByte memory space.
The M3135 module has two interfaces as viewed at the highest level of its hierarchy. First, the M3135 module connects to the Q22-bus, providing a slave interface with control and status registers and a shared memory port. Second,
the M3135 module connects to a cover edge bus known as a Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Highway. The voice
module is known as a TDM slave, while the network module is known as a TDM master. The notation is a matter of
convenience when referring to data transfer between modules; the difference is that a TDM master provides timing
information, and a TDM slave receives timing information.
The Q-bus section is comprised of a slave interface into the shared memory and a control and status register (two
16-bit words). Within the control and status registers is a 4-bit Q-bus page select field that extends the 16-bit
memory address to a full 20-bit physical address on the module.

The main processor section consists of an 80C186 Intel 16-bit processor running at 12 MHz (input clock of 24
MHz), local control and status registers, and the data path into the shared memory. The M3135 module has no
on-board ROM.
The remaining section in the M3135 module is the Line Processing Section (LPS). The LPS has a TMS320C25 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) operating at 40.55 MHz as its primary processor. The LPS has a port into the shared
memory for interprocessor communication. The LPS section includes the TDM Highway interface and an ADPCM
hardware accelerator for compression and expansion of speech.

1.4.2.1 Main Processor
The main processor section consists of an Intel 80C186 (12 MHz) 16-bit microprocessor. This processor has access
to all of the 1-Mbyte module memory. This processor does not have ROMs; however, there is a connector that can be
used by the factory for temporary access to diagnostic ROMs. The main processor performs the following functions:
•

Controls communication with the host system

•

Implements the text-to-vocal tract control portion of the text-to-speech translation

•

Performs buffer management for speech recording and playback

•

Processes that part of speech recognition that is not handled by the signal processor

TDM

M3135 VOICE MODULE

MEMORY
(1mb)

Q-BUS
INTERFACE

LINE
PROCESSOR
SECTION

MAIN
PROCESSOR

TDM

Q-BUS
CS–8424

Figure 3

Functional Block Diagram of the M3135 Module

1.4.2.2 Channel Processor
The channel processor section can be further broken down into a primary signal processor section, an ADPCM
encoder/decoder and a second signal processor section that is used for TDM interconnect and DTMF detection.
The primary signal processor is a Texas Instrument TMS320C25 (40.55 MHz). This processor has a 64-Kbyte window into the main module memory and has 64 Kbytes of local high-speed static memory. The signal processor
performs the following functions:
•

Implements the vocal tract model that the text-to-speech system uses

•

Compresses and expands speech during record or playback

•

Performs the analysis half of the speech recognition system

•

Performs the analysis half of call progress detection

•

Generates tone dialing

The second signal processor is an AT&T [TM] DSP16A (60 MHz). This processor connects directly to the
TMS320C25 and is used for up to eight channels of dual tone detection (either DTMF or MF). It is also used to insert transmit data onto the TDM highway and to receive data from the TDM highway.
The Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) processor is a hardware accelerator for ADPCM. This is
primarily used in eight-channel operation mode.

1.4.2.3 Q22-bus Interface
The Q22-bus interface consists of a slave section and a memory interface section. The slave section contains the control and status registers and interrupt control circuitry. The memory interface section allows communication between
the Q22-bus host processor and the module.
The Q22-bus interface provides the slave port interface between a host Q22-bus processor and the module. In support of communications between the host processor and the module’s main processor is a bank of control and status
registers, interprocessor interrupt capability, and a shared memory system through which blocks of data can be
passed.

___________________
[TM] AT&T is a registered Trademark of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company

1.5

SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications for the M3136 Module are as follows:

1.5.1 M3136 Module Specifications
Mechanical
Height
Length
Width

25.8 cm (10.5 in.)
20.6 cm (8.4 in.)
1.78 cm (0.7 in.)

Electrical Requirements
+5 Volts

3.17 amp

AC load

3.6

Environmental
Storage Conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity

5°C (41°F) to 50°C (122°F)
10% to 95% with wet bulb temperature 32°C (90°F) and a minimum dew point
2°C (36°F)

Operating Conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity

5°C (41°F) to 50°C (122°F)
10% to 95% with wet bulb temperature 32°C (90°F) and a minimum dew point
2°C (36°F)

1.5.2 M3135 Module
Specifications for the M3135 Module are as follows:
Mechanical
Height
Length
Width

25.8 cm (10.5 in.)
20.6 cm (8.4 in.)
1.78 cm (0.7 in.)

Electrical Requirements
+ 5 Volts
AC load

4.0 amp
3.4

Environmental
Storage Conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity

5°C (41°F) to 50° C (122°F)
10% to 95% with wet bulb temperature 32°C (90°F) and a minimum dew point
2°C (36°F)

Operating Conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity

5°C (41°F) to 50° C (122°F)
10% to 95% with wet bulb temperature 32°C (90°F) and a minimum dew point
2°C (36°F)

CHAPTER 2
MODULE INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

NOTE
The module installation procedures documented in this chapter are not required for factory
preconfigured DECvoice-T1 systems.

NOTE
The CSR procedures listed in Section 2.4 must be performed on each DECvoice-T1 module. Failure to
correctly perform CSR configuration on all devices installed in the system may result in a system
where devices cannot be autoconfigured and where the operating system may hang or crash.

CAUTION
Make certain that you are wearing a grounded antistatic wrist strap whenever you handle, remove or
install modules.
The individual steps that are required for the installation of DECvoice-T1 modules are numbered.

2.1

INTRODUCTION

When installing DECvoice-T1 module into a MicroVAX or VAX system, the following steps must be performed:
•

Checking the System Configuration: Section 2.2

•

Unpacking Module Shipments: Section 2.3

•

Determining CSR Address Settings: Section 2.4

•

Determining Module Placement and Installing Modules: Section 2.5

•

Controlling Electromagnetic Interference: Section 2.6

2.2

CHECKING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Before installing the M3136 and M3135 modules, a system configuration worksheet (for the BA200 or BA400 Series enclosure) must be completed. This step ensures that you will not exceed the system’s power and bus loads limits.
To determine the numbers and types of controllers installed in the system, you will need to gain access to the system
backplane. Refer to the system documentation for procedures to help you remove any covers and gain access to the
modules. To check the system configuration, perform the following steps:
•

On the worksheet, list all the controllers previously installed in the system. Each module has an identifying
label on the cover.

•

Add the devices you plan to install in the system onto the worksheet.

•

Fill in the information for each controller, using the data listed in Table 1 or in the documentation for the
controller.

•

Add up the columns. Make sure the 5 V dc, the ac load and the dc load totals are each within the limits specified for the enclosure. See Table 2 for information about the availability of power in various enclosures.
Each power supply in the enclosure must have a minimum 5 A load on the 5 V output, to maintain regulation. If a power supply does not meet the minimum load requirements, you must install a M9060–YA load
module in one of the open backplane slots powered by that power supply. Otherwise, the power supply
enters an error mode and shuts down the system.
If a power supply meets the minimum load requirements, you should remove the existing load module.

Proceed to Section 2.3.

Table 1

Power and Bus Load Data
Current (Amps) (Max)

Power
(Max)

Bus Loads

Option

Module

+5 V

+12 V

Watts

AAV11

A1009–PA

1.8

0.0

9.0

2.1

0.5

ADV11–SA

A1008–PA

3.2

0.0

16.0

2.3

0.5

AXV11

A026–PA

2.0

0.0

10.0

1.2

0.3

CXA16–M

M3118–YA

1.6

0.2

10.4

3.0

0.5

CXB18–M

M3118–YB

2.0

0.0

10.0

3.0

0.5

CXY08–M

M3119–YA

1.8

0.3

12.6

3.2

0.5

DELQA–SA

M7515–PA

2.7

0.5

19.5

2.2

0.5

DEQNA–SA

M7504

3.5

0.50

23.5

2.2

0.5

DFA01

M3121–PA

1.97

0.40

14.7

3.0

1.0

DPV11–SA

M8020–PA

1.2

0.30

9.6

1.0

DRQ3B–SA

M7658–PA

4.5

0.0

22.5

2.0

1.0

DRV1J–SA

M8049–PA

1.8

0.0

9.0

2.0

1.0

DRV1W–SA

M7651–PA

1.8

0.0

9.0

2.0

1.0

DTC05

M3135

3.17

0.0

15.8

3.4

TBS

DTCN5

M3136

4.0

0.0

20.0

3.6

TBS

DZQ11–SA

M3106–PA

1.0

0.36

9.3

1.4

0.5

IBQ01–SA

M3125–PA

5.0

0.0

25.0

4.6

1.0

IEQ11–SA

M8634–PA

3.5

0.0

17.5

2.0

1.0

KA620–AA

M7478

6.2

0.14

32.7

2.7

1.0

KA630–AA

M7606

6.2

0.14

32.7

2.7

1.0

KA650–AA

M7620–A

6.4

0.14

33.6

2.7

1.0

KDA50

M7164

6.93

0.0

34.65

3.0

0.5

KDA50

M7165

6.57

0.03

33.21

0.0

KDJ11–BF

M8190

5.5

0.2

29.9

2.6

1.0

KLESI–SA

M7740–PA

3.0

0.0

15.0

2.3

1.0

KMV1A–SA

M7500–PA

2.6

0.2

15.4

3.0

1.0

KWV11–SA

M4002–PA

2.2

0.013

11.156

1.0

0.3

DPV11–SA

M8086–PA

1.6

0.0

8.0

1.8

0.5

MRV11–D

M7942

1.6[1]

0.0

8.0[1]

3.0

0.5

M9060–YA

M9060

5.3

0.0

8.0

1.8

0.5

DESQA

KA655

[1]Value is for the unpopulated module only.

Table 1 (cont.) Power and Bus Load Data
Current (Amps) (Max)

Power
(Max)

Bus Loads

Option

Module

+5 V

+12 V

Watts

MS630–AA

M7607

1.0

0.0

5.0

–

MS630–BA

M7608

1.8

0.0

9.0

0.0

MS630–CA

M7609

3.1

0.0

9.0

0.0

MS650–AA

M7621–A

2.7

0.0

13.5

–

MS650–BA
MS670–BA

L4001–BA

MSV11–JD

M8637–D

3.74

0.0

18.7

2.7

0.5

MSV11–JE

M8637–E

4.1

0.0

20.5

2.7

0.5

MSV11–QA

M7551–AA

2.4

0.0

12.0

2.0

1.0

RA70

3.8

4.2

69.4

–

RD53A–EA

0.9

2.5

34.5

0.0

RD54A–EA

1.3

1.34

22.6

0.0

2.48

0.06

13.1

1.9

0.5

TK50E–EA

1.35

2.4

22.6

0.0

TK70E–EA

1.3

2.4

35.3

–

RF71
RQDX3–M

M7555

TQK50

M7546

2.9

0.0

14.5

2.8

0.5

TQK70–SA

M7559

3.5

0.0

32.5

3.0

1.0

Table 2

Enclosure Slots and Power

Enclosure

Q-bus Slots

Supplies

Total Power

BA213

460

BA215

230

BA440

584

2.3

UNPACKING MODULE SHIPMENTS

The basic DECvoice-T1 module shipment consists of the M3136 module, M3135 module, related parts, and the
DECvoice-T1 module documentation. A kit that contains a M3135 module and related parts is also available.
1.

Check the shipment against the packing list; verify that all items have been received.
In the event the shipment is damaged, stop unpacking and notify the delivery agent and your Digital sales
representative.
In the event of missing parts, determine the missing part(s) and notify your Digital sales representative.

Proceed to the module configuration procedures in Section 2.4.

CAUTION
The M3136 and M3135 modules are shipped in electrostatic protective sleeves. Do not remove the
sleeves until you are ready to install the modules. Also, make sure that you protect the modules from
static electricity during handling and installation.
Table 3 lists the components included in the DECvoice-T1 System.

Table 3

DECvoice-T1 Components

Part Name
DTCN5–UG

DTC05–SA

CK–DTC05–AA

Part Name and Description
T1 Voice upgrade Kit
M3135 voice module
M3136 T1 module
TDM bus terminators (3)
Internal short TDM cable
Internal medium TDM cable
Bulkhead assembly and cables
Cable assembly, right-angle
D-subminiature connector (3)

Part Number
M3135–02
M3136–00
12–33621–01
70–27727–01
70–27727–02
70–27814–01
17–02903–01

Digital encoded voice
M3135 voice module
Internal short TDM cable

M3135–02
70–27727–01

TDM expansion cabinet kit
DECvoice expansion TDM bulkhead
TDM 9 ft expansion cable

70–27813–01
17–02849–01

2.4

CONFIGURING DECvoice MODULES-

A unique CSR address must be set on each DECvoice-T1 module to be installed into a MicroVAX or VAX system.

NOTE
When configuring the system using SYSGEN, you must account for all controllers and all KFQSA
disks (such as the RF31 or the RF71) that are installed in the target system in order to receive a valid
CSR configuration. Failure to specify all controllers and all KFQSA disks will cause SYSGEN to recommend an invalid system configuration –– a configuration where devices cannot be correctly configured and where the operating system may hang or crash.
If you are uncertain of your current hardware configuration, please contact your Digital Customer Services representative.

2.4.1 Controller Configuration
The following procedure is necessary to determine the CSR address and where applicable, the proper interrupt vector settings for all controllers installed in the system. The DECvoice-T1 modules have softloaded vector addresses;
the DECvoice-T1 device interrupt vectors are set by the DECvoice software.
1.

DECvoice-T1 hardware requires a minimum of DECvoice Software VOX version V2.0. VOX V2.0 requires a minimum VMS version of V5.3.

Install the DECvoice Software binaries and register the associated “VOX” Product Authorization Key
(PAK) on the target system. Software installation instructions and the requisite SYSGEN parameter modifications are documented in the DECvoice VOX V2.0 Installation Manual.
Before attempting the software installation, please print and read the DECvoice software release notes;
these are located in the file SYS$HELP:VOX$%%%.RELEASE_ NOTES, where %%% is the latest version installed. Digital places important information in the release notes.
The DECvoice software must be installed and the PAK registered before any of the DECvoice devices can
be successfully autoconfigured.

Determine the device name and the quantity of each controller[1] installed in the target system. Each controller that was previously installed in the target system must be checked to make certain that it is at the
correct CSR address and interrupt vector address after changing the configuration. Also, determine if
KFQSA disks are installed on the target system.
The MicroVAX or VAX processor module and any associated memory modules do not affect the configuration procedure; the presence of these modules can be ignored for the purposes of the system configuration.

From a running VMS system, use SYSGEN to determine the address and vector configuration of the target
system. You must enter all devices and all KFQSA disks that will be coresident on the target system.
The following commands are an example of the configuration procedure necessary for a system with a
KFQSA controller with two RF71 disks, one RA90 off a KDA50 controller, one M3136 and four M3135
controllers.
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONFIGURE
DEVICE> UDA,3 !two KFQSA RF71 disks, one KDA50 RA90
DEVICE> DTCN5,1 !one T1 interface
DEVICE> DTC05,4 !four voice modules
DEVICE> ^Z
SYSGEN will display the list of CSR addresses and vector addresses that all modules installed in the system must be set to.

NOTE
The installation or removal of any controller modules or of any KFQSA disks will normally require
changes to the CSR and vector settings of the other controller modules.

Make certain that the complete system software is backed up prior to continuing with these procedures.
NOTE
It is the customer’s responsibility to perform a software backup.

Perform an orderly shutdown of the target system, power the system off and unplug it before removing or
inserting any modules.

Using appropriate antistatic procedures, remove the modules from the packaging and protective sleeves.

Set the specified CSR address into the CSR switchpack for each M3136 module. See Figure 4 for the definition and location of the M3136 CSR switchpack.
The CSR address displayed by SYSGEN CONFIGURE is encoded into the CSR switchpack by opening
and closing the switches as displayed in Figure 5.

Set the specified CSR address into the CSR switchpack for each M3135 module. See Figure 6 for the definition and location of the M3135 CSR switchpack.
For the procedure used to encode a M3135 CSR address setting that is not listed in Figure 7, see Section
2.4.3.
Each CSR figure, including Figure 6 contains a diagram of the switchpack at the top and a table of additional switch settings. The black area of each switch in the switchpack diagram indicates the direction (open or
closed) toward which the switch has been pressed or slid. The lower portion of the table uses the abbreviation CL for closed switch and OP for an open switch.
The CSR address displayed by SYSGEN CONFIGURE is encoded into the CSR switchpack by opening
and closing the switches as displayed in Figure 7.

10. Refer to Section 2.5 for procedures for module placement.

CS–8419

Figure 4

M3136 Module Switchpacks

CS–8416

Figure 5

M3136 Example CSR Settings

CS–8420

Figure 6

M3135 Module Switchpacks

E95

E80

CS–8417

Figure 7

M3135 Example CSR Settings

2.4.2 Common Devices Names
The Table 4 contains a list of common device names. See the appendix of the SYSGEN reference, VMS System
Generation Utility Manual, order number AA–LA30A–TE, for additional devices and the appropriate Software
Product Descriptions (SPDs) for the lists of supported devices and configurations.
The MicroVAX or VAX processor module and any associated memory modules do not affect the configuration procedure; the presence of these modules can be ignored for the purposes of the system configuration.

Table 4

Common Controller Names

Controller
Prefix[1]

SYSGEN
Mnemonic[2]

Controller
Type[3]

Controller Name[4]

GAA

VCB02

graphics

VCB02, QDSS[5]

MSA

TS11

tape

TS11, TSV05

ONA

DPV11

synch comm

DPV11

PUA

UDA50

disk

KDA50, UDA50, RQDX3, KFQSA[6]

SJA

DSV11

synch

DSV11

TTA

DZ11

serial

DZV11, DZQ11

TUA

TU81

tape

TU81, TU81E, TQK50, TQK70

VCA

VCB02

graphics

VCB02, QDSS[5]

VXA

DTC04

DECvoice

DTC04

VMA

DTC05

DECvoice

DTC05 (M3135)

VNA

DTCN5

DECvoice

DTCN5 (M3136)

XAA

DR11W

synch comm

DRV11

XQA

QNA

ethernet

DELQA, DESQA, DEQNA

[1]The SYSGEN command SHOW/CONFIGURATION can be used to display the list of controller prefixes of the
controllers currently installed in the system. Controller prefixes are used by the VMS software.
[2]The SYSGEN mnemonic is the software controller name passed in to SYSGEN during a SYSGEN CONFIGURATION.
[3]The controller type field contains a general description of the function typically performed by the controller.
[4]The controller name is the hardware name; it appears in the hardware documentation.
[5]The QDSS and QVSS controllers show up differently depending on the setting of the
SYSGEN WINDOW_SYSTEM parameter. If WINDOW_ SYSTEM is 1, the window system is DECwindows and
the controllers will be displayed as some combination of GAA, GBA, GCA, IKA, IMA and INA devices.
[6]A KFQSA device controller emulates zero or more KDA50 devices; it will appear as zero or more PUA controllers on a SYSGEN SHOW/CONFIGURATION command. When configuring a system with a KFQSA, You must
specify a UDA controller for each RF disk present on the KFQSA. This is in addition to any other UDA device
controllers that might be present. RF-series disks that are directly connected to a VAX processor (that is, disks that
connect directly to the imbedded DSSI disk controller on the VAX 4000 model 300 or the MicroVAX 3400) and are
not connected to a KFQSA on the target system should not be specified as additional UDA controllers when
performing the configuration procedures.

2.4.3 SYSGEN CONFIGURE Example
The following example demonstrations the installation of a DTCN5 and four DTC05 modules to a system containing
a KFQSA attached to four RF71 disks (the KFQSA emulates four KDA50-type controllers: PUA, PUB, PUC, PUD)
and an Ethernet controller (XQA).
$ run sys$system:sysgen SYSGEN> SHOW/CONFIGURATION
System CSR
and Vectors on 6–MAR–1990 14:21:57.48
Name: PUA
Units: 1 Nexus:0 (UBA) CSR: 772150 Vector: 154 Vector2: 000
Name: XQA
Units: 2 Nexus:0 (UBA) CSR: 774440 Vector: 120 Vector2: 000
Name: PUB
Units: 1 Nexus:0 (UBA) CSR: 760334 Vector: 300 Vector2: 000
Name: PUC
Units: 1 Nexus:0 (UBA) CSR: 760340 Vector: 304 Vector2: 000
Name: PUD
Units: 1 Nexus:0 (UBA) CSR: 760344 Vector: 310 Vector2: 000
SYSGEN> CONFIGURE
DEVICE> dtc05,4
DEVICE> dtcn5,1
DEVICE> qna,1
DEVICE> uda,4
DEVICE> ^Z
Device: UDA Name: PUA CSR: 772150 Vector: 154 Support: yes
Device: QNA Name: XQA CSR: 774440 Vector: 120 Support: yes
Device: UDA Name: PUB CSR: 760334* Vector: 300* Support: yes
Device: UDA Name: PUC CSR: 760340* Vector: 304* Support: yes
Device: UDA Name: PUD CSR: 760344* Vector: 310* Support: yes
Device: DTCN5 Name: VNA CSR: 761354* Vector: 320* Support: no
Device: DTC05 Name: VMA CSR: 761364* Vector: 330* Support: no
Device: DTC05 Name: VMB CSR: 761370* Vector: 340* Support: no
Device: DTC05 Name: VMC CSR: 761374* Vector: 350* Support: no
Device: DTC05 Name: VMD CSR: 761400* Vector: 360* Support: no
SYSGEN> ^Z $

2.4.4 DECvoice SYSGEN Rank
Table 5 contains the CSR and vector rank assigned to the DECvoice-T1 M3136 and M3135 modules.

Table 5

DECvoice SYSGEN Rank

Controller[1]

Rank

Size[2]

Modulus[2]

DTCN5 CSR

DTCN5 Vector[3]

DTC05 CSR

DTC05 Vector[3]

[1]The information in this table is required for non-standard hardware configurations only. DECvoice modules are
what the SYSGEN manual refers to as device type “D”, that is, the modules are installed at CSR addresses and vector addresses that vary according to what other devices are present on the system. The SYSGEN CONFIGURE command is used to determine the correct settings.
[2]The units of the decimal size and the octal modulus fields are words and bytes, respectively.
[3]The DTC05 and the DTCN5 have softloaded interrupt vector addresses; neither device sports a vector switchpack.

2.5

GUIDELINES FOR MODULE PLACEMENT

Bus grant signals pass through each installed module using the “A” connectors, the uppermost set of connectors in
each slot. Figure 8 shows the path of the bus grant signals in the BA200 and BA400 Series Q-bus enclosures. To
ensure the continuity of this path, use bus grant continuity card, M9047 in the uppermost side of each empty backplane slot.
SLOTS
12

1
A

M
E
M
O
R
Y

P
R
O
C
E
S
S
O
R

CS–8418

Figure 8

Bus Grant Continuity Path

2.5.1 Module Order
The order of the modules in the backplane depends on several factors:
•

Relative use of devices in the system

•

Expected performance of each device relative to other devices

•

Ability of a device to tolerate delays between bus grant requests and bus grants (delay tolerance)

•

Tendency of a device to prevent devices farther from the CPU from accessing the bus

•

Amount of power available from the power supply in each section of the Q-bus backplane

Table 6 lists the recommended order of modules in a BA200 or BA400 Series enclosure. Use the table as a guideline
when installing modules.

Table 6

Recommended Module Order

Option

Description

KA650/KA655/KA660/KA670[1]

VAX, MicroVAX or VAXserver Processor

MS630/MS650/MS670[1]

Processor Memory

DELQA/DESQA

Ethernet Interface

M3136

DECvoice-T1 Telephony Interface

M3135

DECvoice-T1 Voice Interface

CXA16

Asynchronous Communications Interface

CXB16

Asynchronous Communications Interface

CXY08

Asynchronous Communications Interface

KDA50

DSA Disk Controller

KFQSA

DSSI Disk Controller

KLESI

Storage Interface

TQK50/TQK70

Cartridge Tape Controller

RQDX3

RD Disk Controller

[1]The KA670 and MS670 modules are placed in dedicated slots in the BA440 enclosure. The KA670 and MS670
modules can be installed only in the BA440 enclosure.

2.5.2 Removing and Installing Modules
Refer to Section 2.5.4 for the TDM installation and the restrictions on the placement of the M3135 and the M3136
modules.
Check the recommended module order listed in Table 6 to determine in which slots to install the M3136 or M3135
modules. If you need to relocate modules in the backplane, use the following procedure and keep the modules in
their original order.

CAUTION
Make certain that you are wearing a grounded antistatic wrist strap whenever you handle, remove or
install modules.
1.

Release the two 1/4-turn captive screws that hold the cover to the card cage (see Figure 9). If present,
unlock the release levers by simultaneously pulling up on the end of the top lever and pulling down the end
of the bottom lever (see Figure 10).

Pull the cover away from the card cage and slide the controller module out of the card cage.

Note the orientation of any internal cables connected to the module. Some connectors are not keyed. Carefully label and disconnect the internal cables.

Confirm the module CSR address and interrupt vector, if applicable. Change the settings if necessary.
Documentation on how to perform this is included in the controller hardware documentation. If no changes
are necessary, do not alter the settings on any switchpacks.

Install the module in its new location by reversing steps in this procedure. Do not fasten the 1/4-turn screws
yet.

To finish the module installation, proceed to Section 2.6.

CS–7048

Figure 9

Releasing the Captive Screws

NOTE:
THIS ILLUSTRATION SHOWS HOW TO
UNLOCK RELEASE LEVERS ON ALL
MODULES WITH ATTACHED HANDLES.
CS–6762

Figure 10

Unlocking the Release Levers

2.5.3 Installing the DECvoice-T1 Modules

CAUTION
Be careful not to snag module components on the card guides or adjacent modules.
1.

Insert the M3136 module into the appropriate card slot (see Figure 11). The M3136 module should be
placed in the rightmost position of the DECvoice modules. If there is a host and an expansion BA200 or
BA400 series enclosure, the M3136 module should be placed in the rightmost available slot in the expansion enclosure. M3135 modules can be placed in either the system or the expansion enclosure. (Refer to
Section 2.5.4 for the applicable TDM cabling restrictions.)

Insert each M3135 module into a Q-bus slot (see Figure 11). Groups of DTC05 modules are known as
shelves and are inserted into contiguous slots; there can be no other intervening modules.

•

The first TDM shelf is located in the same enclosure as the M3136, in the Q-bus slots immediately to the
left of the M3136 module.

•

The second TDM shelf is located in the same enclosure as the M3136, immediately to the left of the first
TDM shelf.

•

The third TDM shelf is located in the other enclosure, the system enclosure. In the BA200 series enclosure,
the third shelf should be located to the left of the Ethernet adapter, or if no Ethernet controller is present, to
the left of the memory module. In the BA400 series system enclosure, the third shelf should be located in
the rightmost available Q-bus slot in the enclosure.

NOTE:
THIS ILLUSTRATION SHOWS HOW TO LOCK
RELEASE LEVERS AND INSERT ALL MODULES
WITH ATTACHED HANDLES.
CS–6763

Figure 11

Installing a Module

2.5.4 Connecting the TDM Highways
The M3136 module is connected to up to three TDM highways. Each TDM highway is daisy-chained through a shelf
of from 1 to 4 M3135 modules, typically. The last M3135 module in each shelf has a TDM terminator module inserted into the bottom TDM connector.
The following steps are used to connect the TDM in a BA200 or BA400 series system or expansion enclosure.
The following steps also assume that each M3135 module will operate in eight-line mode; thus up to four modules[1] can be connected to each TDM highway without saturating the highway.

NOTE
Other combinations of M3135 modules, M3136 and shelves are possible; each is subject to the thirtytwo channel limit on the TDM highway for each shelf.
The TDM connector is a 20-pin IDC connector. All DECvoice-T1 modules have a double-stack IDC; the M3136
module has an additional single 20-pin IDC.
1.

The M3135 modules installed in the system should be grouped into sets of four (or more) modules, if three
or fewer of the modules on a TDM highway will be operating in eight-line mode. Each set of four (or more)
M3135 modules [2], known collectively as a shelf, will be interconnected with short TDM cables. The first
shelf must always be installed into Q-bus slots that are physically adjacent to a M3136 module.

Verify that there are no intervening modules among any of the M3135 modules in any individual TDM
shelf.

Place a TDM terminator into the lower of the double-stack TDM connector of the leftmost[1] M3135 module in each shelf. If there is only a single shelf, then place the second terminator directly into the single
20-pin TDM connector on the DTCN5 module.

Connect the TDM highway within each shelf. Using a short TDM cable, lace the upper IDC of each M3135
module in the shelf to the lower IDC of the M3135 located immediately to the right. Use only short TDM
cables for this task.

Check the cabling of each TDM shelf by verifying that the upper connector of the first (rightmost) M3135
module is open and that the lower connector of the leftmost M3135 module contains a TDM terminator.

Connect the uppermost TDM connector of the rightmost M3135 module of the first TDM shelf to the lower
IDC of the double-stack TDM connector on the M3136 module. Use a short TDM cable for this.

If a second TDM shelf is present, connect the uppermost TDM connector of the rightmost M3135 module
in the shelf to the single TDM connector on the M3136 module. Use the medium length TDM cable.

NOTE
If there is only one TDM shelf, then the single TDM connector (the secondary TDM connector) should
contain a terminator.
8.

Refer to Section 2.6 to determine if the M3136 cover needs a gap filler assembly. If the M3136 cover does
need a gap filler, install it now. This cover is placed over the M3136 and an adjacent M3135 module.

Make the two connections from the M3136 module to the M3136 cover. Connect the 40-conductor cable
from the M3136 cover to the 40-pin connector on the M3136 module, and connect the 20-pin TDM cable
from the M3136 cover to the upper position of the double-stack connector on the M3136 module.

10. If a third TDM shelf is present, connect the uppermost TDM connector of the rightmost M3135 module in
the shelf to the M3135 module cover. Cable the M3135 module cover to the M3136 module cover using the
external, long, TDM cable.
11. Cover the remaining M3135 modules with blank covers, checking the covers over the leftmost and rightmost modules to determine if either requires a gap filler.
12. Proceed to Section 2.6.
___________________
[1] Four modules, each operating in eight-line mode, use all available channels on the TDM. Digital recommends
that no more than four M3135 modules be placed in a shelf.
[2] The leftmost M3135 module is the module that is electrically furthest from the VAX or MicroVAX processor.

2.6

CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

To comply with applicable United States regulations on electromagnetic interference (EMI), the bulkhead, blank
covers, and gap fillers are designed to reduce EMI.
If you install a module with a blank cover or flush handle next to a recessed-handle module, you must install a gap
filler assembly between the modules to meet EMI regulations. Without the gap filler, circuitry on the recessed handle
module is exposed.
Two gap filler assemblies (refer to Table 3) are provided with the option kit. Each gap filler assembly includes one
gap filler and two screws. Use as many of the assemblies as is necessary for your application.
Check that the ground connections are correctly in place as follows:
1.

Check the EMI and EOS clips on the M3136 and M3135 covers for residue or corrosion (see Figure 12).
Also, check the EMI clips on any gap fillers. Remove any residue or corrosion with alcohol.

Check the backplane to see if any recessed-handle module is next to a module with a blank cover or flush
handle.

If so, make sure a gap filler assembly is installed on the side of the blank cover or flush handle that is next
to the recessed-handle module (see Figure 13). If there are no open spaces, you do not need to install any
gap filler assemblies.

NOTE
There must not be any missing clips, gaps or open spaces left between module covers in the enclosure.
4.

Make sure the EMI and EOS clips are arched. When you press them slightly, they should return to their
original shape.

If any EMI or EOS clip is missing or broken, replace it. (refer to Table 3) for the part numbers of the clips.

If a gap filler assembly is required, install it as follows:
a. Fit the gap filler onto the side of the blank cover or flush-handle module that is next to the recessed-handle module. Make sure that the gap filler’s tabs fit into the tab indentations on the blank cover or flush-handle (see Figure 14). Use the two screws that come with the assembly to attach the gap filler at the top and
bottom.
b. If you have a blank cover, place the blank cover with the gap filler over the card cage slot.
If you have a flush-handle module, insert the module into the card cage slot.
c. Make sure that there is a good ground-that there are no open spaces-between the two modules.
d. Fasten the 1/4-turn captive screws on all handles and covers in the backplane.

CS–6757

Figure 12

EMI and EOS Clips

CS–6764

Figure 13

Gap Filler Installation

CS–6765

Figure 14

Attaching the Gap Filler Assembly

2.7

MicroVAX DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR PROCEDURES

The DECvoice-T1 system will be supported in Release 135 of the MicroVAX Diagnostic Monitor (MDM). For complete details on the use of MDM, please refer to the MDM User’s Guide, AA–FM7AE–DN.

2.7.1 MDM Diagnostic Overview
The MDM diagnostic (NADTB) consists of two distinct sections: device tests; exerciser tests. Each of these sections
can be run in either the User or Service mode.
The Device Test exercises the Q-bus accessible sections of the modules including the CSRs and the module memory.
The Exerciser Tests uses downline load microcode to perform tests on the subsystems of the module. This microcode
is executed by the onboard microprocessors that report errors and status to MDM through the Q-bus interface.
In the User mode, the system exerciser performs all tests in internal loopback mode. In the Service mode, however,
H3027 loopback connectors (see Figure 15) must be installed on all three T1 bulkhead connectors (located on the
M3136 handle cover) in order for the diagnostic to pass successfully.

2.7.2 Interpreting MDM Failure Reports
The MDM diagnostic (NADTB) reports errors on two types of modules – the T1 module (M3136)0 and the Voice
module (M3135). Since there are usually more than one Voice module per system, the diagnostic identifies each failing module through the use of a unique “module number”. This module number relates to a specific M3135 device
in the system.
In order to identify which physical Voice module relates to the reported module number, it is necessary to know the
CSRs of all the Voice modules in the system. The module number relates to the device CSRs in a one-to-one relationship. Voice module number 0 is the Voice module with the lowest CSR value. Since all Voice modules in a system should be sequentially addressed, each subsequent module number refers to the Voice module with the next
highest address.
For example, in a standard 24-line system, the following module number/CSR mapping would apply:
Part Number

Type

CSR

Diagnostic Module
Number

M3136

761254

M3135

Voice

761264

M3135

Voice

761270

M3135

Voice

761274

See Figure 16 for an example of the module placement in a standard 72-line DECvoice-T1 system.

NOTE
The numbering shown in Figure 16 is valid only for the configuration shipped from the factory. If any
modules have been relocated on the Q-bus, use the rules listed above to identify the failing module.

The following is and example of the diagnostic output:
$ RUN VOX$DIAG.EXE
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
DECvoice-T1 Diagnostic (Version T1.0)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
The following modules have been found and will be tested:
VNA0: (M3136)
VMA0: (M3135)
VMB0: (M3135)
VMC0: (M3135)
VMD0: (M3135)
VME0: (M3135)
VMF0: (M3135)
VMG0: (M3135)
VMH0: (M3135)
VMI0: (M3135)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
Currently Selected Test Parameters
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
Error action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . halt
Disk logfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enabled
Status display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . disabled
Error display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enabled
TDM loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . selected
T1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . internal
First test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Last test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Passes to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
VOX$DIAG> start
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
End of pass 1
Errors this pass = 0
22–MAR–1991 13:36:39.34
Total errors = 0
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–
VOX$DIAG> exit
DECvoice-T1 Test Exiting

Figure 15

H3027 T1 Loopback Connector

µVAX

MicroVAX

CONSOLE
COVER

CONSOLE

MEMORY
BLANK
COVER

MEMORY

NETWORK

ETHERNET
M3135

VOICE
MODULE
6

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
7

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
8

TDM
EXP.
COVER

BLANK
COVER

Q-BUS EXPANDER
CSU

CSU

INSIDE THE SYSTEM
Q-BUS EXPANDER
T1
COVER

M3136

T1 0

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
0

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
1

BLANK
COVER

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
2

BLANK
COVER

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
3

BLANK
COVER

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
4

BLANK
COVER

M3135

VOICE
MODULE
5

BLANK
COVER

CHANNEL
BANK

UP TO 24
ANALOG
LINES

OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM

DISK
TAPE

BLANK
COVER
CS–8642

Figure 16

Voice/T1 Module MDM Numbering for 72-Line DECvoice-T1 System

CHAPTER 3
TECHNICAL INFORMATION

3.1

DECvoice-T1 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

This chapter provides a technical overview of the DECvoice-T1 system.
Based on a VAX or MicroVAX processor, the DECvoice-T1 system provides extensive voice capabilities to applications. The complete DECvoice-T1 system is based on tightly integrated hardware and software components.
Section 3.2 provides a description of the features provided by individual modules; Section 3.3 describes the components physically; Section 3.4 gives an overview of the TDM Highway; Section 3.5 contains more detailed descriptions of individual modules.
The DECvoice-T1 hardware components present in the system include:
•

M3135 Q-bus voice module

•

M3136 Q-bus telephonics module

•

Assorted interconnect cables and bulkheads

This manual covers DECvoice-T1 hardware. For a detailed description of the DECvoice software, refer to Related
Documentation in the preface.

Note
Please consult the DECvoice Software Reference Manual for the list of the DECvoice-T1 hardware features that are currently supported by the DECvoice Software.

3.2

FEATURES

This section describes the general features provided by each of the individual DECvoice-T1 modules. Also included
is a description of the cabling interconnections.

3.2.1 M3136 Telephony Module
The M3136 module is the communications hub of the DECvoice-T1 system; it provides the internal call switching support. All internal Time Domain Multiplexed (TDM) highways and all external T1 lines connect to the
M3136 module.
The M3136 telephony module has the following features:
•

Is microprogrammed and is completely softloaded; there is no Read-Only Memory (ROM) present. This
allows microcode updates to be distributed on ordinary software update kits.

•

Can connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) by way of up to three T1 lines; the physical connection to the three T1 lines is made through an an approved external Channel Service Unit (CSU).
The communications framing and format used on the three T1 lines is user selectable.

•

Can connect to up to three channel banks by way of the T1 lines. Channel banks are used to convert the
digital T1 lines to analog telephone lines.

•

Can connect to combinations of channel banks and CSU lines.

•

Can drive up to three TDM Highways; the TDM highways provide the intrasystem communications links.

•

Provides a software controlled 128-line crosspoint switch. This crosspoint switch allows orthagonal,
nonblocking, switching among three T1 lines and three TDM highways.

•

Host software can request that the M3136 select a free-running T1 transmit clock or that it be synchronized
to the received clock on any T1 line. A single transmit clock is used for all T1 lines.

3.2.2 M3135 Voice Module
The M3135 module provides three coprocessor accelerators and dedicated hardware, specifically tailored to
signal and voice processing.
The M3135 voice module has the following features:
•

Is microprogrammed and is completely softloaded; there is no Read-Only Memory (ROM) present. This
allows microcode updates to be distributed on ordinary software update kits.

•

Supports a number of different digitization algorithms; including hardware acceleration for eight channels
of 32, 24, or 16 Kilobits per second Adaptive Pulse Coded Modulation (ADPCM) encoding per M3135
module. Some signal processing algorithms have hardware acceleration; other algorithms can be softloaded.

•

Provides support for MultiFrequency (MF) tone and Dual-Tone MultiFrequency (DTMF) signal detection
and generation.

•

Supports the generation of prompting tones.

•

Provides support for software implemented audio call progress detection (ACPD).

•

Can connect to one or more of the 32 lines present on the TDM highway; the selection is made under the
control of the host software.

•

Provides support for continuous digit, speaker-independent voice recognition with the optional
VOX-C- RECOGNIZER software license.

•

Provides support for isolated word, speaker independent voice recognition of the digits zero through nine,
“yes”, “no”, and “oh” (often used as a substitute for zero).

•

Provides support and space for up to 125 speaker-dependent voice recognition templates, typically enough
for up to 50 discrete utterances.

3.3

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
The following sections describe the dimensions, connections and cabling of the M3136 and the M3135 modules.

3.3.1 M3136 Module
The M3136 module is a quad-height, 25.8 x 20.6 cm (10.5 x 8.4 in.) extended Q-bus module. The M3136 module is intended for installation in the BA200 and BA400 series Q-bus enclosures. The M3136 is not compatible
with the BA23 nor the BA123 series Q-bus enclosures.

3.3.1.1 M3136 Module Connections
Table 7 describes M3136 module connections.

Table 7

M3136 Connectors
Description

Connector
Internal TDM

The M3136 internal TDM Highway uses two 20-pin connectors. The primary
TDM connection is made with the bottom connector of the double-stacked
20-pin Insulation Displacement Connector (IDC). The secondary TDM connector uses the single 20-pin IDC. Both of the internal TDM highway IDCs
are single keyed.

External TDM

The connection to the M3136 module cover comes from the tertiary IDC, the
upper half of the double-stacked 20-pin IDC. This connector is double-keyed.
The tertiary TDM connector is normally used in conjunction with the expansion cover, to connect the M3136 to a TDM highway located in a second
BA200 or BA400 series enclosure in a double enclosure system.

Cover connector

The M3136 cover connector is the 40-pin IDC. It includes the signalling for
the three T1 lines and for the the cover status lights.

3.3.1.2 M3136 Module Cabling
The M3136 telephony module can be connected into the TDM highway using the three 20-pin connectors. Each
is cabled, usually through intervening M3135 voice modules, to the TDM terminator.
The primary TDM connector, the lower connector of the doublestacked 20-pin IDC, is cabled to an adjacent
M3135 module using the short TDM cable.
The secondary TDM connector, the single 20-pin connector, is cabled to a non-adjacent M3135 module using
the medium length TDM cable. This connection must reside within a single Q-bus enclosure.
The tertiary TDM connector, the upper connector in the double-stacked IDC is cabled to the M3136 module
handle, by way of the module handle cable hardness or to an adjacent M3136 module by way of a short TDM
cable. The M3136 module handle can be (if no external TDM cable is attached and if an external TDM terminator is not present) assumed to terminate the TDM highway
When more than one M3136 module is present in a system, the M3136 module closest to the processor module
is the primary module. All M3136 modules must be configured in adjacent, contiguous, Q-bus slots.
See Section 2.5.4 for step-by-step information on connecting the TDM highway.
No other cabling configurations should be attempted.

3.3.2 M3135 Module
The M3135 voice and signal processing accelerator module (M3135) is a quad-height, 25.8 x 20.6 cm
(10.5 x 8.4 in.) Q-bus module. The M3135 module plugs into the BA200 or BA400 series of Q-bus enclosures.
The M3135 is not compatible with the BA23 nor the BA123 series Q-bus enclosures.

3.3.2.1 M3135 Module Connectors
Table 8 describes M3135 module connections.

Table 8

M3135 Connectors
Description

Connector
Incoming TDM

The M3135 incoming TDM connection is made by way of the keyed top connector of the double-stacked 20-pin IDC.

Outgoing TDM

The M3135 outgoing TDM connection is made by way of the keyed bottom
connector of the doublestacked 20-pin IDC. The last, empty, outgoing TDM
connection must contain the TDM terminator.

ROM connector

The M3135 includes a diagnostic ROM module connection. This connection is
used only during manufacturing and testing.

3.3.2.2 M3135 Module Cabling
The M3135 voice module is connected into the TDM highway using the double stacked, 20-pin connector. The
upper TDM connector is cabled, possibly through intervening M3135 modules, to the M3135 module. The lower connector is cabled, again possibly through intervening M3135 modules, to the TDM terminator.
The upper TDM connector can be cabled routed from an immediately adjacent M3135 or M3136 or from a
more distant M3136; the distant M3136 can be cabled internally by way of the medium-length TDM cable or
externally, by way of the handle cover and the external TDM cable.
The lower TDM connector can be cabled to an adjacent M3135 module by way of a short TDM cable, or it can
contain the TDM terminator.
See Section 2.5.4 for step-by-step information on connecting the TDM highway.
No other cabling configurations should be attempted.

3.4

MODULE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
This section provides a description of the components of the M3136 and M3135 modules and how they
interoperate.

3.4.1 M3136 Module
A functional block diagram of the M3136 module is shown in Figure 17.
The M3136 module has four major blocks:
•

Main processor, an Intel 80186 class processor

•

Memory system, a total of one Mbyte

•

Q-bus interface

•

Telephonics section

These component blocks intercommunicate using internal registers, interprocessor interrupts and shared
memory windows.
The M3136 module connects between three interface types:
•

A Q22-bus interface, used for host control.

•

Three Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Highways, used to connect to additional M3136 modules or,
more commonly, to M3135 voice processing modules.

•

Three T1 connections made through the T1 connection cover.

3.4.1.1 Main Processor
The main processor section consists of a 16-bit Intel 80C186 microprocessor operating at 12 MHz. This block
has access to the entire one Mbyte of onboard memory. There are two sites for Read Only Memory (ROM).
These ROMs are for diagnostics; they are not present during normal module operations.
The main processor section performs the following functions:
•

Controls communication with the host system

•

Controls the routing of PCM data through the system

•

Receives and transmits T1 control and signaling information

•

Provides some limited audio capabilities, such as the generation of busy signals

3.4.1.2 Q-bus Interface
The Q-bus interface consists of a slave section and a memory interface section. The slave section contains the
control and status registers (CSRs) and the interrupt control circuitry. The memory interface section provides a
64-Kbyte, host-accessible, window into the module memory. Refer to Chapter 2 for information on determining
and setting the module CSR. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information on the Q-bus host interface.)
The Q-bus interface is used by the host for loading control or diagnostic programs for the main processor to
execute (this is how the main processor can operate without ROMs). It is also used by the host as the command
and message interface for the main module processor, both for data transfer and for interrupts.

M3136 TELEPHONE MODULE
v
Q-BUS
INTERFACE

MEMORY
(1mb)

DXs
FOR
VOICE
AND
CONTROL

T1 FRAMER
AND LINE
INTERFACE

T1
TO T1
COVER

T1 FRAMER
AND LINE
INTERFACE

µp
v

MAIN
PROCESSOR

HDLC

/ TDM
3

TDM
TO T1
COVER

DRVRS/
RCVRS

TDM

M3135
TDM
Q-BUS
CS–8425

Figure 17

Functional Block Diagram of the M3136 Telephone Module

3.4.1.3 Telephonics Section
The telephonic section can be broken down into the following components:
•

Crosspoint switches (DX)

•

T1 framer and line interface

•

External TDM interconnections

•

HDLC support

These sections are all connected together by on-board TDM highways.
The crosspoint switches are the heart of the telephonic section. These switches provide nonblocking interconnect between any of the internal TDM highways. They can also be set to read and write a TDM channel with
control information. There are two sets of crosspoint switches on the module. The first set is used for routing
voice data. The second set is used for control of the T1 lines.
There are three sets of T1 framer and line interface parts, one for each T1 line. The framer and line interface
section provide the interface between the external T1 and the onboard buses.
The T1 line is split within the DTCN5 into a bidirectional voice TDM connection and three serial control connections. The onboard voice and control busses are routed by way of dedicated crosspoints.
The TDM interconnect interface adapts the electrical characteristics of the TDM buses and the electrical characteristics of the onboard DTCN5 buses. This section is comprised primarily of line drivers and receivers.
The HDLC section is available to translate a bit-oriented data stream from an internal TDM channel into a
packet oriented message destined for the main processor.

3.4.2 M3135 Module
A functional block diagram of the M3135 module is shown in Figure 18.
The M3135 module consists of three functional blocks:
1.

Main processor

Line processor

Q-bus interface

These blocks communicate through interprocessor interrupts and through 64-Kbyte windows into the one Mbyte
of on-board memory.
As viewed at the highest level of its hierarchy, the M3135 module has two interfaces. First, the M3135 module
connects to the Q-bus, providing a slave interface with control and status registers and a shared memory port.
(Refer to Chapter 2 for information on determining and setting CSRs. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information
on the Q-bus interface.) Second, the M3135 module connects to the TDM highway. The M3135 voice module
receives clocking from the a TDM, while the M3136 network module provides the clocking.

TDM

M3135 VOICE MODULE

MEMORY
(1mb)

Q-BUS
INTERFACE

LINE
PROCESSOR
SECTION

MAIN
PROCESSOR

TDM

Q-BUS
CS–8424

Figure 18

Functional Block Diagram of the M3135 Voice Module

3.4.2.1 Main Processor
The main processor section consists of an 80C186 Intel 16-bit processor running at 12 MHz (divided down from
an input clock of 24 MHz), local control and status registers, and the data path into the shared memory.
The M3135 module does not have onboard ROM. There is a ROM connector used for manufacturing and diagnostic tests. The main processor performs the following functions:
•

Controls communication with the host system

•

Implements the text-to-vocal tract control portion of the text-to-speech translation

•

Performs buffer management for speech recording and playback

•

Processes that part of speech recognition that is not handled by the signal processor

3.4.2.2 Line Processors
The Line Processing Section (LPS) has a port into the onboard shared memory; this port is used for
interprocessor communications. The LPS section includes three processors and acts as the TDM highway interface. The LPS has a Texas Instruments TMS320C25 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) operating at 40.55 MHz as
the primary line processor. The TMS320C25 processor has a 64-Kbyte window into the main module memory
and has 64 Kbytes of local high-speed static memory. This signal processor performs the following functions:
•

Implements the vocal tract model that the text-to-speech system uses

•

Compresses and expands speech during record or playback
Performs the analysis portion of the speech recognition system

•

Performs the analysis portion of call progress detection

•

Generates DTMF or MF for tone dialing

The second signal processor is an American Telephone and Telegraph DSP16A operating at 60 MHz. This processor connects directly to the TMS320C25 and can be used for up to eight independent, microcode-based, tone
detectors (either DTMF or MF). It is also used to insert transmit data onto the TDM highway and to receive data
from the TDM highway.
The third processor is an Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) hardware accelerator. This processor is typically used during eight-line mode operations.

3.4.2.3 Q-bus Interface
The Q22-bus interface consists of a slave section and a memory interface section. The slave section contains the
control and status registers and interrupt control circuitry. The memory interface section allows communication
between the Q22-bus host processor and the module. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information on this interface.
The Q-bus interface is used by the host for loading control or diagnostic programs for the main processor to
execute (this is how the main processor can operate without ROMs). It is also used by the host as the command
and message interface for the main module processor, both for data transfer and for interrupts.

CHAPTER 4
Q-BUS HOST INTERFACE

4.1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the Q-bus interface to the M3136 and the M3135 modules.

4.2

M3136 SOFTWARE INTERFACE

The Q-bus section is comprised of a slave interface with two control and status words (CSR words), a 64-Kbyte window into the memory, and interrupt control logic.
The slave interface[1] is used to control the position of the Q-bus memory window within the module memory and
to control the position within Q-bus memory. It is also used to control the operation of the device interrupts, can act
as as a master on/off switch for the module, and can report the module status.

4.2.1 CSR0
Figure 19 shows the CSR0 format. The various fields shown in this figure are discussed in the subsections that
follow.
15

4
RS

MS
CS–8422

Figure 19

CSR0 Field Definition

___________________
[1] The slave interface is often referred to, collectively, as the CSR. The CSR is the sole host visible portion of the
slave interface.

4.2.1.1 Module Status (MS)
The Module Status field conveys information about the module. This field starts out as a zero and is changed to a
one for normal operation. A value other than one means that the module is not currently operational. This condition
can be a temporary (such as a bootstrap in progress) or a hard failure (such as a checksum failure on the module
RAM). The microcode presently loaded into the module determines the meanings of the status field.

4.2.1.2 Run/Stop (RS)
The Run/Stop bit is set to one if the module is running, and zero if the module is reset. If the module has a diagnostic
ROM installed, the bit is set to one at power up. Without the diagnostic ROM installed, the bit is set to zero at power
up. Start the module by setting the bit to one. Reset the module by setting the bit to a zero, wait one microsecond,
and then set the bit back to a one.
Stopping the module main processor halts the module memory refresh.

4.2.1.3 Hardware ID (HW)
The Hardware ID field helps identify variants of the module. One of the bits can be set through the extra switch in
the CSR location switchpack. The other two bits go high on separate pullups and may be connected low by using
wires or etch.

4.2.1.4 Memory Base (MB)
The Memory Base field identifies where the 64-Kbyte shared memory section is mapped in Q-bus memory space. If
the upper six bits of the Q-bus address match the value in the MB field and the memory is enabled, then the memory
will reply. Do not set these bits to overlap the bits of another M3136 module unless the other module has the
memory matching turned off. The MB field initializes to zero and should be set before memory is enabled (refer to
Section 1.3.4 for additional information on the shared memory interface).

4.2.1.5 Timer Interrupt Enable (TI)
The timer interrupt is based on the master clock and runs at frame time. The timer can be set to go off after any number of frames. This timer tracks the master clock on the module, which is normally driven by the input clock on one
of the T1 connections; the timer can also be set to free run.

4.2.1.6 Module Alert (MA)
The Module Alert can be set by writing 1. Writing 0 does not change the value. The MA bit remains set until the
module acknowledges the interrupt. The protocol for communication between the host and the module is similar to
the protocol used on the M7132 DTC04 module. Data is changed in shared memory and the alert is set, if not already
set. The alert is cleared before the module examines the changes.

4.2.2 CSR1
Figure 20 shows the CSR1 format. The various fields shown in this figure are discussed in the subsections that
follow.
15

5
QV

0
CS–8421

Figure 20

CSR1 Field Definition

4.2.2.1 Zero (0)
The bits zero and one will be read as 0. Writes to these bits are ignored.

4.2.2.2 Request B (B)
Writes to this bit are ignored. Reads from this bit are undefined.

4.2.2.3 Q-bus Vector (QV), B
This field constitutes the rest of the vector. This field is a read/write field and is also used to drive the vector onto the
bus when the interrupt is acknowledged. If the timer interrupt is being driven, then B is set. If the alert interrupt is
being driven, then B is clear.
Refer to Section 2.4.6 for the CSR and vector rank.

4.2.2.4 Q-bus Page (QP)
This field is the page in module memory that the Q-bus sees when it accesses the shared memory window. In this
way, all module memory is visible. The 80C186 I/O space and ROM space are private, but the RAM memory is
visible. Refer to Section 4.3.4 for additional information about the shared memory interface.

4.2.2.5 Memory Enable (ME)
This bit must be enabled for the shared memory interface to be used. It is an input to the memory match comparator
and must be a one before a match is allowed. This bit powers up as a zero. If a set of modules are double mapped
into the same Q-bus memory space, then only one of the ME fields can be enabled. Refer to Section 4.3.4 for additional information about the shared memory interface.

4.2.2.6 Alert Int Enable (AI)
This bit is the interrupt enable for the host alert and is the interrupt from the module to the host processor.

4.2.2.7 Host Alert (HA)
This bit is the interrupt flag for the host alert. This bit is set by the module and is cleared by writing a one into it. The
module makes a change to the QCSR0–MS field or to the contents of a buffer in shared memory and then sets the
QCSR1–HA bit if it is not already set. The host computer must acknowledge the interrupt by writing a one into the
HA field before it can check the MS field or the shared memory. This prevents data from being lost.

4.2.3 Interrupts
The M3136 module supports two interrupts. The first interrupt is used during communication between the host and
the main processor. The second interrupt is generated (if enabled) by the integral number of frame interrupts. This
can therefore be set at integer multiples 125 microseconds, synchronized to the outbound T1 streams.

4.2.3.1 First Interrupt
The first interrupt is Host Alert. This interrupt is set by the module after a change in the CSR MS field or in a shared
memory communication structure. The QCSR1–AI field enables the interrupt and writing a one to the QCSR1–HA
field clears the interrupt. If the contents of HA are one, then setting the AI field will cause an interrupt.
When the Q-bus acknowledges the interrupt, the module drives the low nine bits of CSR 1 with the B field set to 0.
As an example, if the QV field is set to 33 (octal), the primary interrupt vector will be driven as 330 (octal).

4.2.3.2 Second Interrupt
The second interrupt is the Timer. The timer interrupt is set by the module at periodic intervals related to a multiple
of the master frame time. This flag is enabled by the CSR TI field and does not need to be cleared.
As an example, if the timer interrupt is enabled and the QV field is set to 33 (octal), the setting of the “B” field will
cause the secondary interrupt vector to be driven as 334 (octal).

4.2.4 Memory Access
The shared memory interface (see Figure 21) is enabled by the QCSR1–ME bit in the CSR. The interface is designed
to allow the VAX host processor to access the module regardless of the module run state.
The QCSR0–MB field is used to locate the Q-bus memory window in the four Mbyte Q-bus memory space. The
QCSR1–QP field positions a 64-Kbyte range of module memory into the view of the 64-Kbyte host memory window. In both the MB and QP fields, the memory must be placed on a 64-Kbyte boundary. This results in six bit significant address bits on the Q-bus side and four significant bits for the module memory block.
Module RAM is refreshed only if the module main processor is operating. Any access by the VAX host processor
(for the purpose of loading microcode) must be careful to maintain the memory refresh until the module main processor is enabled (by writing a one into QCSR0–RS). This can be achieved without affecting the loading code if the
startup occurs within two microseconds. If the loading takes more than two milliseconds, then host-based refresh
will need to occur. Softloaded microcode should start with a burst refresh and then drop back to the standard incremental refresh (one row every two milliseconds).
If the M3136 module has diagnostic ROM installed, then access by the module to the upper 64 Kbytes of memory
will go to the ROM. Attempts to access the diagnostic ROM from the Q-bus will fail; only the RAM will be visible.
Diagnostic ROM access is enabled by installing jumper W3.

Q-BUS MEMORY

0X3FFFFF

MODULE MEMORY

3F
F
.
.

0x0FFFFF

.
.
qp+1

qv+1

qp-1
.
.

qv–1

0x010000
0x00FFFF
0

0x000000

.
.
0x010000
0x00FFFF
0
0x000000
CS–8415

Figure 21

Shared Memory Interface

4.3

M3136 SOFTWARE INTERFACE

The Q-bus section is comprised of a slave interface with two control and status words, a 64-Kbyte window into the
memory, and interrupt control logic. The slave interface is used to control the position of the memory window within
the 1 megabyte module memory range and within the 4-Mbyte Q-bus memory range. The slave interface also controls the generation of interrupts, can report on the module status, and can control the state of the main module processor.

4.3.1 CSR0
The base CSR (CSR0) is located in the Q-bus I/O space on the base address defined by the switches shown in
Figure 22.
15

6
HW

4
RS

MS
CS–8422

Figure 22

CSR0 Field Definition

4.3.1.1 Module State (MS), [3:0]
The Module State field is used to convey information about the module. MS initializes to zero and is set to one, indicating normal operation once the main processor has been initialized and is operational. An MS value other than one
indicates that the module is not currently operational. This condition can be a temporary (such as a bootstrap in progress) or a hard failure (such as a checksum failure on the module RAM). The meanings of the values in the MS field
is determined by module microcode.
MS is a read only field by the Q-bus. The main processor CSR is the source for this field. Reset to the main processor section will reset MS.

4.3.1.2 Run/Stop (RS), [4]
The run/stop bit is set to one if the module main processor is running and zero if it is reset. If the module has a diagnostic ROM installed, then it will power up as a one. If the module does not have a diagnostic ROM installed, then it
will power up as a zero. To start the module, set the bit to a one. To reset the module, set the bit to a zero, wait one
microseconds, and set the bit back to one.
Stopping the module main processor halts the module memory refresh.

NOTE
This bit is not ignored if a ROM module is installed; that is, a Q-bus host can still reset a module with a
ROM module.

4.3.1.3 ID (HW), [7:5]
The hardware ID field is used to help identify variants of the module. The M3135 (Rev A1) module is identified by
’001’. HW is unaffected by reset.

4.3.1.4 Memory Base (MB), [13:8]
MB is a read/write field that MB initializes to zero during reset.
The memory base field is used to identify where the 64-Kbyte shared memory section is mapped in Q-bus memory
space. If the upper 6 bits of the Q-bus address match the value in this field and the memory is enabled, then the module will respond. The remaining 16 bits of the 22-bit address define an offset into the 64-Kbyte window. The MB
field should be initialized as not to overlap with any other memory devices in the Q-bus memory space. This field
must be initialized prior to enabling memory (CSR1); otherwise, the potential exists for multiple devices responding
to the same address.

4.3.1.5 Timer Int Enable (TI), [14]
TI is a read/write bit. It is initialized by power reset or BINIT. When set, TI enables the second source of interrupts
from the module to interrupt the host. The source enabled by TI is the timer output from the 80C186. This enable
initializes to zero and must be set to one in order to enable.

4.3.1.6 Module Alert (MA), [15]
MA is a read/write bit. It initializes to zero during reset. This is the doorbell into the module. MA is set by writing a
one. Writing a zero into MA leaves the previous value unchanged. The MA bit will remain set until the module
acknowledges the interrupt. The protocol for communication between the host and the module is similar to the
M7132 protocol. Data is changed in shared memory and the the alert is set if it was not already set. The alert is
cleared before the module examines the changes.

4.3.2 CSR1
CSR1 is located at CSRBASE+2 and has the format shown in Figure 23.
15

5
QV

0
CS–8421

Figure 23

CSR1 Field Definition

4.3.2.1 Bits [1:0]
The two low order bits must be written as zero and will be read as zero.

4.3.2.2 Request B (B), [2]
This reflects the status of the DC003 alternate interrupt request bit. When the interrupt vector is driven onto the
Q-bus, this field would be asserted if the “B” source was creating the interrupt. During a CSR read, this field should
be considered undefined.

4.3.2.3 Q-bus Vector (QV), [8:3]
The QV field is read/write. QV initializes to 0 during reset. QV defines the soft vector used by the module. The vector driven onto the Q-bus during a vector read operation is CSR1 bits, [8:0]. This soft vector permits each M3135
module vector to be set by the host.
Refer to Section 2.4.6 for the CSR and vector rank.

4.3.2.4 Q-bus Page (QP), [12:9]
The QP field is read/write. QP initializes to 0 during reset. This field defines the 64-Kbyte page in module physical
memory that the Q-bus sees when it accesses the shared memory window. 20 bits of address are required to address
the 1 Mbyte of module memory. This 20-bit address consists of 4 bits of base and 16 bits of offset.
On a Q-bus memory access, QP defines the BASE into module memory. The remaining 16 bits of offset is defined
by Q-bus address <15:0>. This allows the entire 1-Mbyte module memory to be visible from the host. The communication protocol involved is specific to the running microcode.

4.3.2.5 Memory Enable (ME), [13]
ME is a read/write bit. ME initializes disabled (0) during reset. The memory base field in CSR0 must be initialized
by the host before ME is set. Otherwise there is the potential for multiple modules to respond to the same Q-bus
memory address and bus contention will result. When set, ME enables address comparator logic between MB and
the Q-bus memory address [21:16].
ME may be used by device drivers to multiply map M3135 modules into the same Q-bus memory space. This has
the desirable feature that Q-bus memory space is not consumed at 64 Kbytes per module.

4.3.2.6 Alert Int Enable (AI), [14]
AI is a read/write bit. AI initializes to zero during power reset or BINIT. This is the interrupt enable for the host
alert. This is the interrupt from the module to the host processor.

4.3.2.7 Host Alert (HA), [15]
HA is a read/write field. HA initializes to zero during reset. This is the interrupt flag for the host alert. It is set by the
module and is cleared by writing a one into it. The module makes a change to the MS field or to the contents of a
buffer in shared memory and then sets the HA bit if it is not already set. The host processor must acknowledge the
interrupt by writing a one into the HA field before it can check the MS field or the shared memory. The protocol for
communication involving HA is microcode dependent.

4.3.3 Interrupts
The M3135 supports two interrupts. The first interrupt’s primary use is for synchronization and notification during
interprocessor communication. The second interrupt is sourced from a real-time clock in the 80C186. This source
can be used for polling drivers desiring to be interrupted based upon a real-time device.

4.3.3.1 Host Alert Interrupt
The first interrupt vector is the Host Alert. It is set by the module after the main processor makes a change in CSR
value or in a shared memory communication structure. The AI field enables the interrupt, and writing a one to the
HA field clears the interrupt.
The vector that is driven is CSR bits [8:0] with the B field equal to zero.

4.3.3.2 Second Vector
The second interrupt vector is the Timer flag. The main processor can set up one of its timers to cause a periodic
interrupt to the host. When the timer reaches the end of an interval, this interrupt is asserted and, upon the corresponding vector read operation, CSR1 bits [8:0] will be driven with the B field equal to one.

4.3.4 Shared Memory
Access to the shared memory from the Q-bus port is controlled by several factors. First, the Q-bus must set the
memory’s base address in Q-bus space in CSR0 MB field. Second, the memory address comparator logic must be
enabled by setting the ME field in CSR1. At this point, any access within the 64-Kbyte region defined by Q-bus address base [21:16] matching MB exactly will reach module physical memory. The module memory array is 1 Mbyte
consisting of 16 – 64-Kbyte pages. The Q–bus can access any one of the 16 pages by setting the QP field in CSR1 to
the desired page (refer to Figure 24).

Q-BUS MEMORY

0X3FFFFF

MODULE MEMORY

3F
F
.
.

0x0FFFFF

.
.
qp+1

qv+1

qp-1
.
.

qv–1

0x010000
0x00FFFF
0

0x000000

.
.
0x010000
0x00FFFF
0
0x000000
CS–8415

Figure 24

Shared Memory Interface

The main processor has a integral refresh control unit which is only operational when the main processor is initialized and operational. Access to memory when the main processor is not operational requires special consideration
and is described in the following section.

4.3.5 Reset Structure
There are multiple levels of reset within the M3135. First there is a “global” reset which is asserted by BINIT or an
RC circuit during power-up. This reset affects all sections. Within the Q-bus, it causes certain CSR fields to initialize
to their default values.
The next level of reset is the main processor reset. Since this module is ROM-less, the main processor powers up in
reset by default. This reset is driven as a function of reset, the RS bit in CSR0, and whether there is a diagnostic
module installed. The main processor reset affects MPS and LPS.
The next level of reset is the LPS reset. LPS reset is driven by the MPS CSR and is asserted during MPS reset. LPS
reset affects all of the subsystems within LPS.
Within the LPS section, there are two main subsystems that have their reset signals controlled by the LPS CSR and
are asserted during LPS reset. The subsystems are the TDM interface and the ADPCM accelerator.

CHAPTER 5
TROUBLESHOOTING

Table 9 provides troubleshooting information in the form of routine problems, their possible causes, and possible
corrective action to take in order to correct those problems.

Table 9

Troubleshooting Procedures
Problem

Possible Cause

Corrective Action

DECvoice port devices
DECvoice software has not been Install the DECvoice software.
(VMA0: VNA0: or VXA0:) are installed.
Refer to the DECvoice Software
not visible.
Installation Guide.

DECvoice class device
(VOX0:) is not visible.

SYSGEN parameter
STARTUP_P1 is set to “MIN”.

Set SYSGEN parameter
STARTUP_P1 to ”” and reboot
VMS.

One or more CSRs is set
incorrectly.

Refer to Section 2.4 for
information on the CSR.

DECvoice software has not been Install the DECvoice software.
installed.
Refer to the DECvoice Software
Installation Guide
DECvoice software has not been Refer to the DECvoice Software
started.
Installation Guide for information
on the VOX$STARTUP
procedure.
DECvoice startup has detected a Refer to the DECvoice Software
system problem.
Installation Guide for information
on the required system configuration. Also check the system console OPA0: for any errors that
might have occurred during or after the system startup.

DECvoice class device
There are insufficient system
(VMA0:, VNA0:, or VXA0:) page table entries configured.
are visible but are marked as
offline.
A hardware problem has been
detected by the driver.

Refer to the DECvoice Software
Installation Guide for information
on increasing the SYSGEN
parameter SPTREQ.
Check the system console for
driver generated error messages
indicating a hardware problem.
Contact Digital customer service.

Table 9 Troubleshooting Procedures (continued)
Problem

Possible Cause

Corrective Action

DECvoice devices are not DECvoice startup is not being run. Refer to the DECvoice Software
mounted.
Installation Guide for information
on the VOX$STARTUP procedure.
DECvoice software has not been Refer to the DECvoice Software
configured.
Installation Guide for information
on the configuration procedure.
DECvoice startup has detected a Refer to the DECvoice Software
system error.
Installation Guide for information
on the required system configuration. Also check the system
console OPA0: for any errors that
might have occurred during or after the system startup.
DECvoice software or the
entire VMS system hangs.

Q-bus configuration is invalid.

Refer to Chapter 2 for information
on configuring the Q-bus. Check
for empty Q-bus slots all such
slots should contain Q-bus grant
cards.

DECvoice ACP has detected a Check for a DECvoice VOX proproblem.
cess on the system with ”BUG” in
the process name. If such a process is located, reboot the system. If the problem can be reproduced, file a Software Performance Report (SPR). Include a
magnetic tape containing the contents of the system dump file
whenever possible.
VMS bugchecks.

An unexpected event or a severe Submit an SPR, include the comsoftware error has occurred.
mands or subroutines that caused
the bugcheck (when known) and
include a magnetic tape containing the contents of the VMS system dump file.

Blue, Yellow, or Red Alarms.

T1 line is not connected.

Check the T1 line connections at
the M3136 module cover and at
the CSU. Make sure that both
ends of the cable are firmly connected.

DECvoice software has detected Check the system configuration of
problems on the T1 line.
the T1 line(s); refer to the
DECvoice Software Installation
Guide for information on the configuration procedure.

Table 9 Troubleshooting Procedures (continued)
Problem
CSU has failed or is not
currently connected to the
DECvoice or to the T1 line.

Possible Cause

Corrective Action

There are problems on the T1 Check the CSU; reconnect the
line.
cables or the CSU power if possible. Contact the CSU vendor if
the problems persist.
Contact the T1 provider.

Garbled or no output from There is a disconnection on the Refer to Chapter 2; verify the
one or more DECvoice
TDM highway.
integrity of all TDM highway(s),
devices.
additionally, check the placement
and seating of all TDM terminator(s).
T1 configuration is incorrect.

%VOX–I–DRVUNIINI, unit
initializing: node$ddcu:

Check the system configuration of
the T1 line(s). Refer to the
DECvoice Software Installation
Guide for information on the configuration procedure.

Specified device is undergoing This is normal and does not
initialization.
indicate an error.

%VOX–I–DRVULDFNF,
One of the primary bootstrap
Restore the microcode file
unable to locate microcode microcode files cannot be lo- VMDRIVER.ULD and VNDRIVfile.
cated.
ER.ULD from a system BACKUP,
or reinstall the kit.
%VOX–W–DRVFIXVEC,
The specified device has timed If this is a DECvoice-I DTC04, corDevice timeout; Fix device out.
rect the physical vector setting on
vector on: node$ddcu:
the module. This is an exceedingly common configuration error on
the DTC04. If this is a DECvoiceT1 module, this error indicates either a software problem, or that
another controller installed in the
system has an incorrect vector
setting.
%VOX–W–DRVERR, error
on unit: node$ddcu:

A DECvoice device driver is
unable to allocate sufficient
Q-bus resources.

Check the system for sufficient
SYSGEN SPTREQ setting and
for any problems with the other
SYSGEN parameter settings.
Refer to the list of required values
in the DECvoice Software
Installation Guide.

An unexpected error, probably Contact Digital customer service
configuration or hardware related, for assistance.
has occurred on the specified
device.

APPENDIX A
CONNECTOR PINOUTS

A.1 TDM CONNECTOR
The TDM connector (J1) has an upper (“IN”) and a lower (“OUT”) connector. J1 is a 40-pin (2x2x10) position connector; it accepts two 20-pin (2x10) IDC connectors, each mating to either the “IN” or the “OUT” position.
See Figure 25.
Table A–1 lists the TDM bus connections on connector J1.

OUT

• • • • •
20 • • • • •

• • • • • 1
• • • • • 2

• • • • •
40 • • • • •

• • • • • 21
• • • • • 22

DENOTES POLARIZATION LOCATION
CS–8423

Figure 25

TDM Connector, J1

Table A–1 TDM Bus Connections, J1
J1 Pin

Signal Name

J1 Pin

Signal Name

C4L

C4H

GND

F0 L

F0 H

GND

TXD H

TXD L

GND

RXD H

RXD L

GND

VTREF A

SENSE H

BUS THROUGH 1

BUS THROUGH 2

+5 V

A.1.1 M3135 Upper (“IN”) 20-pin IDC Connector
The “IN” connector receives the TDM highway from an adjacent M3135 module[1], the M3135 expansion handle,
or directly from an adjacent M3136 module.

A.1.2 M3135 Lower (“OUT”) 20-pin IDC Connector
The “OUT” connector passes the TDM highway onto the next M3135 module or to a termination assembly mounted
directly in J1. See Section A.1.3 for information on the TDM terminator.

A.1.3 M3135 TDM Terminator
The terminator is a small component assembly that is used to terminate each differential signal pair on the TDM
highway. It also contains a signal loopback that is used by internal routines to determine TDM highway continuity.
The terminator assembly will mate with the M3135 “OUT” connector on the double-stack IDC connector.

A.1.4 M3136 Cover Assembly
An expansion cover must be used when connecting a M3136 to a M3135 when the modules reside in different enclosures within a system (that is, the host versus the expansion BA200 or BA400 series enclosure). This cover permits
the connection of the external TDM cable to a DB15 connector mounted on the cover. An internal cable assembly
joins the handle-mounted DB15 connector with the 40-pin IDC on the M3136 module.
___________________
[1] The adjacent M3135 must be electrically closer to the M3136.

A.2 M3136 T1 Cover Connector
The M3136 module has a 40-pin connector that is used to connect the T1 to the M3136 cover. The signal definitions
on this connector are defined in Table A–2.

Table A–2 M3136 T1 CONNECTOR PINOUT
J2 Pin

Signal Name

J2 Pin

Signal Name

+5 VF

T1_2OBIT1 H

+12 VF

T1_2OBIT0 H

T1_1XMIT H

T1_2IBIT1 H

T1_1XMIT L

T1_2IBIT0 H

T1_1RCV H

GND

T1_1RCV L

GND

T1_3XMIT H

GND

T1_3XMIT L

T1_1OBIT1

T1_3RCV H

T1_1OBIT0 H

T1_3RCV L

T1_1IBIT1 H

GND

T1_1IBIT0 H

GND

T1_3OBIT1 H

GND

T1_3OBIT0 H

T1_2XMIT H

T1_3IBIT H

T1_2XMIT L

T1_3IBIT0 H

T1_2RCV H

GND

T1_2RCV L

GND

+12 VF

GND

+5 VF

APPENDIX B
TELEPHONICS AND REGULATORY INFORMATION

B.1 INTRODUCTION
The DECvoice-T1 system uses T1) for the telephone interconnect. T1 telephone service is a digital connection as
opposed to the analog connections (“Tip and Ring”) that are widely used for routing voice and control signals to
single telephones. Each T1) service can provide digitally encoded voice and control for up to 24 telephones.

B.2 PHYSICAL CONNECTION
The following sections relate to the physical connections present on the DECvoice-T1 system.

B.2.1 Connector
The connections are made using a 15-pin male D-subminiature connector. Data is transmitted to the CSU by way of
pins 1 and 9. Data is received from the CSU by way of pins 3 and 11. The DECvoice-T1 end of the CSU cable is
expected to have a female connector.
The CSU connector has slidelock connections. It is intended to be connected directly to either a Channel Bank (CB)
or to an approved Channel Service Unit (CSU).

B.2.2 Pulse Shape
The transmitter takes binary data and produces alternate bipolar pulses of appropriate shape. The T1 pulse shape is
selectable for line lengths from 0 to 655 feet (as measured from the DECvoice system to the CSU or the channel
bank). For each line length selected, the line interface modifies the output pulse to meet the requirements of AT&T
Compatibility Bulletin 119 (for ABAM and PIC cable).
The transmitter can also be set for ECSA T1C1.2 pulse shape or Part 68, Option A pulse shapes.

B.2.3 Clocking
B.2.3.1 Clock Recovery
The receiver extracts data and clock from an Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) coded signal. The clock and data
recovery circuit can tolerate 0.4 unit intervals of jitter between 10 KHz and 100 KHz. The clock recovery circuit will
tolerate 300 unit intervals of wander below 10 Hz.

B.2.3.2 Clock Generation
Clock generation uses the 8 KHz frame rate of one of the three input T1 lines as a reference signal for phase lock
loops. Two frequencies are locked to this reference; a 1.544 MHz signal used for the output clock, and a 2.048 MHz
signal used for the TDM highways.
The digital phase lock loop uses a clock slightly higher than eight times the desired frequency. When the reference is
ahead of the generated signal, the clock is used without change. When the reference is behind the generated signal,
then the eight times clock is stretched by a half cycle twice in the frame. The frequencies are chosen to allow a lock
in range of 1.554 # +/-130 ppm.

B.3 DATA LINK
The following items relate to the telecommunications data link.

B.3.1 Framing
Each T1 line can be individually set for either D3/D4 compatible framing or ESF compatible framing. In the D3/D4
framing pattern, the framing bit alternates between FT and FS. The FT bit is used for frame alignment and the FS bit
is used for 12-frame “SuperFrame” alignment. See Table B–1 for the framing pattern.

Table B–1 Default D3/D4 Framing
Frame

2
3

0
0

4
5

0
1

6
7

1
1
1

10
11

8
9

Signaling

1
0

In the Extended Super Frame (ESF) compatible framing, the framing bit alternates between FDL, CRC, FDL, FPS in
a 24- frame pattern. The FPS bit is used to determine the framing pattern. The FDL is used as a 4K-bps “Facility
Data Link”. The T1 hardware can connect this FDL stream to an HDLC part. The CRC bits are used to verify the
signaling pattern. See Table B–2 for the framing pattern.

NOTE
Refer to VOX control program section of the DECvoice Software Reference Manual, AA–LE86C–TE,
for the commands to change the framing. The default is D3/D4.

Table B–2 ESF Framing
Frame

FPS

FDL

CB1

X
0

CB2

7
8

0
X

CB3

X
1

B
X

CB4

15
16

X
0

CB5

19
20

X
1

CB6

23
24

Signaling

2
4

CRC

X
1

The T1 will be declared out of synchronization if either two errors out of four FT (or FPS) bits are detected or four
errors out of 12 FT (or FPS). This threshold is selectable. Also, the CRC error checking can be turned off during
reframes, as can the mimic detection (more than one candidate for D3/D4 framing).

B.3.2 Zero Density
Zero density requirements can be handled by either of two methods. In the first method (bit jamming), bit 7 is forced
high in all bytes of all zeros. This method changes the data, but the change will be inaudible. In the second method,
B8ZS, a byte of zeros is replaced with a pattern that contains bipolar violations. Normally one bits alternate between
a pulse in the positive direction and a pulse in the negative direction. If two consecutive pulses are in the same direction, this is called a bipolar violation. The B8ZS zero code suppression scheme uses a pattern of “0 0 0 V B 0 V B”
instead of sending zeros, where V stands for a bipolar violation, and B stands for proper bipolar data.
Each T1 line can be independently set for either B8ZS zero suppression or for jammed bit zero suppression. There
should be, at most, 15 consecutive received zero codes. The module will transmit, at most, 15 consecutive zero
codes.

NOTE
Refer to VOX control program section of the DECvoice Software Reference Manual, AA–LE86C–TE,
for the commands to change the framing. The default is bit jamming.

B.3.3 Signaling Mechanism
Each channel in the T1 can be individually set to used robbed bit signaling or to be clear. See the “Signaling” column in Table B–1 and Table B–2. In the frames marked A, B, C, and D, the least significant bit of the data in each
channel marked for robbed bit signaling is replaced with a signaling bit. In D3/D4 signaling, two bits are possible. In
ESF signaling, four bits can be used.
While these bits are received and inserted by the M3136 hardware, higher level firmware and system software is
used to interpret them. Also, the M3135 module can be used for any audio based signaling, again taken care of by
module firmware and by system software. See the DECvoice Software Reference Manual for more information about
VAX/VMS software support for DECvoice.
Also, there is one HDLC Protocol Controller chip available per T1. This can be linked to the Facility Data Link Bits
or can be linked to any data channel.

NOTE
Refer to VOX control program section of the DECvoice Software Reference Manual, AA–LE86C–TE,
for the commands to change the framing. The default is robbed bit.

B.3.4 Alarms and Errors
The M3136 module can detect alarms on each of the T1 lines and can be set to send certain alarms.
A Loss-Of-Signal alarm, occasionally called a red alarm, is detected if there are no received one bits in around 175
bit times. This alarm is removed once density of the ones returns to a normal 12.5% (four ones in 32 bit times). The
Terminal Framing Bit error count is incremented on every four errors on FT or FPS framing bits. The Bipolar Violation error count is incremented every 256 bipolar violations. The CRC error count is incremented by each Extended
Super Frame that has a CRC error (ESF mode only).
A Blue alarm, a keepalive signal, is detected if the receiver has detected two frames of ones and an out of frame
condition. It is reset by any 250-microsecond period that contains at least one zero. A Blue alarm can be transmitted
by the DECvoice-T1 hardware.
Both D3/D4 Yellow alarms and ESF Yellow alarms can be generated and received. D3/D4 Yellow alarm is a zero in
every channel’s bit position 2. ESF Yellow alarm is sent by a sequence of eight ones and eight zeros in the FDL bit
positions. A Yellow alarm is used to indicate an error “upstream”, that is, an alarm that is cascading through the telephony network.

B.4 T1 Signaling Requirements
Each T1 channel can independently be set for:
•

Audio only, no signaling

•

E&M signaling using either wink start or immediate start

•

DPO/DPT wink start or immediate start

•

FXO/FXS loop start or ground start

Digit reception during call setup can be performed with:
•

Pulse dialing

•

DTMF dialing

•

MF dialing

Digit reception during call setup can have a 0, 1, or 2 digit strings (with length and/or timeout specified). Optional
proceed winks can be sent before or after each string.
Digit transmission during outbound call setup is done the same way with 0, 1, or 2 digit strings, with optional winks
before or after each string. One string of digits will be directly specified by the application. A second string (if
dialed) will be specified through a per-channel database.
More signaling formats or relaxed requirements may be available. Refer to the current DECvoice Software Support
Addendum for more details about the current available signaling support and requirements.

B.5 TELECOMMUNICATION TERMS

NOTE
The following is a list of telecommunications terms, reprinted with permission, from the
Internet TELECOM Digest Archives.
A & B LEADS: Designation of leads derived from the midpoints of the two pairs comprising a 4-wire circuit.
ABBREVIATED DIALING: Preprogramming of a caller’s phone system or long distance company’s switch to
recognize a 2- to 4-digit number as an abbreviation for a frequently dialed phone number and automatically dial
the whole number.
Synonym: Speed Dialing.
ACCESS CHARGE: Monies collected by local phone companies for use of their circuits to originate and terminate
long distance calls. Can be per minute fees levied on long distance companies, Subscriber Line Charges (SLCs)
levied directly on regular local lines, fixed monthly fees for special telco circuits (i.e. WAL, DAL,T–1), or
Special Access Surcharge (SAS) on special access circuits.
ACCESS LINE: A telephone circuit which connects a customer location to a network switching center.
AIRLINE MILEAGE: Calculated point-to-point mileage between terminal facilities.
ALL TRUNKS BUSY (ATB): A single tone interrupted at a 120 ipm (impulses per minute) rate to indicate all lines
or trunks in a routing group are busy.
ALTERNATE ROUTE: A secondary communications path used to reach a destination if the primary path is unavailable.
ALTERNATE USE: The ability to switch communications facilities from one type to another, i.e., voice to data,
etc.
ALTERNATE VOICE DATA (AVD): A single transmission facility which can be used for either voice or data.
ANALOG SIGNAL: A signal in the form of a continuous varying physical quantity, e.g., voltage which reflects
variations in some quantity, e.g., loudness in the human voice.
ANNUNCIATOR: An audible intercept device that states the condition or restrictions associated with circuits or
procedures.
ANSWER BACK: An electrical and/or visual indication to the calling or sending end that the called or received
station is on the line.
ANSWER SUPERVISION: An electrical signal fed back up the line by the local telephone company at the distant
end of a long distance call to indicate positively the call has been answered by the called party. Tells billing
equipment to start timing the call.
AREA CODE: A three-digit number identifying more than 150 geographic areas of the United States and Canada
which permits direct distance dialing on the telephone system. A similar global numbering plan has been established for international subscriber dialing.
Synonym: Numbering Plan Area (NPA).

ATTENDANT POSITION: A telephone switchboard operator’s position. It provides either automatic (cordless) or
manual (plug and jack) operator controls for incoming and/or outgoing telephone calls.
ATTENUATION: A general term used to denote the decrease in power between that transmitted and that received
due to loss through equipment, lines, or other transmission devices. It is usually expressed as a ratio in dB (decibel).
AUDIBLE RINGING TONE: An audible signal heard by the calling party during the ringing-interval.
AUTHORIZATION CODE: A 5- to 14-digit number entered using a touch-tone phone to identify the caller as a
customer of the long distance service. Used primarily before Equal Access as a way to verify the caller as a customer and bill calls.
AUTO ANSWER: A machine feature that allows a transmission control unit or station to automatically respond to
a call that it receives.
AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTOR (ACD): A switching system designed to queue and/or distribute a large
volume of incoming calls to a group of attendants to the next available “answering” position.
AUTOMATIC DIALING UNIT: A device which is programmed with frequently called numbers. The caller presses one to three digits and the preprogrammed number is automatically dialed into the phone circuit.
AUTOMATIC
IDENTIFICATION OF OUTWARD DIALING (AIOD): The ability of some centrex units to provide an
itemized breakdown of charges (including individual charges for toll calls) for calls made by each telephone
extension.
AUTOMATIC NUMBER IDENTIFICATION (ANI): On long distance calls, the process by which the local
phone company passes a caller’s local billing phone number to his/her long distance company when a “1+” or
“10-XXX” call is made. With ANI a caller’s long distance carrier knows who (what phone number) to bill without requiring the caller to enter any extra digits to be identified.
AUTOMATIC ROUTE SELECTION (ARS): Synonym: Least Cost Routing
BAND: (1) The range of frequencies between two defined limits. (2) In reference to WATS, one of the five specific
geographic areas as defined by the carrier.
Synonym: Bandwidth.
BANDWIDTH: See BAND.
BASEBAND: The total frequency band occupied by the aggregate of all the voice and data signals used to modulate a radio carrier.
BAUD: A unit of signaling speed. The speed in Baud is the number of discrete conditions or signal elements per
second. If each signal event represents only one bit condition, then Baud is the same as bits per second. Baud
does not equal bits per second.
BLOCKED CALLS: Attempted calls that are not connected because: (1) All lines to the central offices are in use;
or (2) All connecting paths through the PBX/switch are in use.

BREAK: A means of interrupting transmission, a momentary interruption of a circuit.
Synonym: Wink
BREAKEVEN POINT: Level of usage at which the total cost of a service with a high fixed up-front monthly fee
but low minute costs becomes equal to the total cost of another service with low (or zero) monthly fee but relatively high per minute cost. At usage levels higher than breakeven, the service with the high monthly fee is
cheaper.
BROADBAND: A transmission facility having a bandwidth of greater than 20 kHz.
BUS: A heavy conductor, or group of conductors, to which several units of the same type of equipment may be connected.
BUSY: The condition in which facilities over which a call is to be transmitted are already in use.
BUSY HOUR: The time of day when phone lines are most in demand.
BUSY TONE: A single tone that is interrupted at 60 ipm (impulses per minute) to indicate that the terminal point of
a call is already in use.
BYPASS: The direct connection to customer-premises equipment by an IC. This occurs when an IC connects its
own facilities (or facilities leased from a non-BOC entity) directly to an end user’s premises, circumventing the
use of the BOC network.
CARRIER: A long distance company which uses primarily its own transmission facilities, as opposed to resellers
which lease or buy most or all transmission facilities from carriers. Many people refer to any type of long distance company, whether it has its own network or not, as a carrier, so the term is not as restrictive as it used to
be.
CARRIER ACCESS CODE (CAC): The sequence an end user dials to obtain access to the switched services of a
carrier. Carrier Access Codes for Feature Group D are composed of five digits, in the form 10XXX, where XXX
is the Carrier Identification Code.
CARRIER COMMON LINE CHARGE (CCLC): A per minute charge paid by long distance companies to local
phone companies for the use of local public switched networks at either or both ends of a long distance call.
This charge goes to pay part of the cost of telephone poles, wires, etc.
CARRIER IDENTIFICATION CODE (CIC): The three-digit number that uniquely identifies a carrier. The Carrier Identification Code is indicated by XXX in the Carrier Access Code. The same code applies to an individual
carrier throughout the area served by the North American Numbering Plan.
CARRIER SYSTEM: A system for providing several communications channels over a single path.
CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO: A high capacity land mobile radio system in which an assigned frequency spectrum is divided into discrete channels that are assigned to a cellular geographic serving area.
CENTRAL OFFICE (CO): With local telephone companies, the nearby building containing the local telco switch
which provides local telephone service. Also the physical point where calls enter the long distance network.
Sometimes referred to as Class 5 office, end office, or Local Dial Office.
CENTREX, CO: PBX Service provided by a switch located at the telephone company central office.

CENTREX, CU: A variation on Centrex CO provided by a telephone company maintained “Central Office” type
switch located at the customer’s premises.
CHANNEL: A communications path via a carrier or microwave radio.
CIRCUIT: A path for the transmission of electromagnetic signals to include all conditioning and signaling equipment. Synonym: Facility.
CIRCUIT SWITCHING: A switching system that completes a dedicated transmission path from sender to receiver at the time of transmission.
CLASS OF SERVICE/CLASS MARK (COS): A subgrouping of telephone customers or users for the sake of rate
distinction or limitation of service.
COAXIAL CABLE: A cable with a solid outer shield, a space and then a solid inner conductor. The electromagnetic wave travels between the outer shield and the conductor. It can carry a much higher band width than a wire
pair.
CODEC: Coder-Decoder. Used to convert analog signals to digital form for transmission over a digital median and
back again to the original analog form.
COMMON CARRIER: A government regulated private company that provides the general public with telecommunications services and facilities.
COMMON CHANNEL INTEROFFICE SIGNALING (CCIS): A digital technology used by AT&T to enhance
their Integrated Services Digital Network. It uses a separate data line to route interoffice signals to provide faster
call set-up and more efficient use of trunks.
COMMON CONTROL SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT (CCSA): The use of carrier switches under a carrier’s
control as part of a customer’s private network. The carrier’s software controls and switches the customer’s calls
over private lines the customer has rented. Control of the switch and switching functions is done in common for
all users using the software and switching system.
CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT: Equipment modifications or adjustments necessary to match transmission levels and impedances and which equalize transmission and delay to bring circuit losses, levels, and distortion
within established standards.
CONFIGURATION: The combination of long-distance services and/or equipment that make up a communications
system.
CONTROL UNIT (CU): The central processor of a telephone switching device.
COST COMPONENT: The price of each type of long distance service and/or equipment that constitutes a configuration.
CROSS CONNECTION: The wire connections running between terminals on the two sides of a distribution
frame, or between binding posts in a terminal.
CROSS TALK: The unwanted energy (speech or tone) transferred from one circuit to another circuit.
CSU (Channel Service Unit): The connection point between the carrier telephone network and the customer equipment. A CSU typically permits the carrier to conduct remote diagnostics.

CUSTOMER ACCESS LINE CHARGE (CALC): The FCC-imposed monthly surcharge added to all local lines
to recover a portion of the cost of telephone poles, wires, etc., from end users. Before deregulation, a large part
of these costs were financed by long distance users in the form of higher charges.
CUSTOMER OWNED AND MAINTAINED (COAM): Customer provided communications apparatus and
associated wiring.
CUSTOMER PREMISE EQUIPMENT (CPE): Telephone equipment, usually including wiring located within
the customer’s part of a building.
CUT: To transfer a service from one facility to another.
CUT THROUGH: The establishment of a complete path for signaling and/or audio communications.
DATA SET: A device which converts data into signals suitable for transmission over communications lines.
DATA TERMINAL: A station in a system capable of sending and/or receiving data signals.
DECIBEL (dB): A unit measurement represented as a ratio of two voltages, currents or powers and is used to measure transmission loss or gain.
DEDICATED ACCESS LINE (DAL): An analog special access line going from a caller’s own equipment directly
to a long distance company’s switch or POP. Usually provided by a local telephone company. The line may go
through the local telco Central Office, but the local telco does not switch calls on this line.
DELAY DIAL: A dialing configuration whereby local dial equipment will wait until it receives the entire telephone
number before seizing a circuit to transmit the call.
DELTA MODULATION (DM): A variant of pulse code modulation whereby a code representing the difference
between the amplitude of a sample and the amplitude of the previous one is sent. Operates well in the presence
of noise, but requires a wide frequency band.
DEMODULATION: The process of retrieving data from a modulated signal.
DIAL LEVEL: The selection of stations or services associated with a PBX using a one to four digit code (e.g., dialing 9 for access to outside dial tone).
DIAL PULSING: The transmitting of telephone address signals by momentarily opening a dc circuit a number of
times corresponding to the decimal digit which is dialed.
DIAL REPEATING TIE LINE/DIAL REPEATING TIE TRUNK: A tie line arrangement which permits direct
trunk to trunk connections without use of the attendant.
DIAL SELECTIVE SIGNALING: A multipoint network in which the called party is selected by a prearranged
dialing code.
DIAL TONE: A tone indicating that automatic switching equipment is ready to receive dial signals.
DIALING PLAN: A description of the dialing arrangements for customer use on a network.
DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING (DDD): A basic toll service that permits customers to dial their own long distance call without the aid of an operator.

DIRECT INWARD DIALING (DID): A PBX or CENTREX feature that allows a customer outside the system to
directly dial a station within the system.
DIRECT OUTWARD DIALING: A PBX or CENTREX feature that allows a station user to gain direct access to
an exchange network.
DROP: The portion of outside telephone plant which extends from the telephone distribution cable to the subscriber’s premises.
DRY CIRCUIT: A circuit which transmits voice signals and carries no direct current.
DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF): Also known as Touch-Tone. A type of signaling which emits two
distinct frequencies for each indicated digit.
DUPLEX: Simultaneous two-way independent transmission.
DUPLEX SIGNALING: A long-range bidirectional signaling method using paths derived from transmission cable
pairs. It is based on a balanced and symmetrical circuit that is identical at both ends. This circuit presents an
E&M lead interface to connecting circuits.
ECHO: A signal that has been reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay to be perceived
by the speaker.
ECHO RETURN LOSS (ERL): The loss which must be in the echo path to reduce echo to a tolerable amount.
ECHO SUPPRESSOR: A device which detects speech signals transmitted in either direction on a four-wire circuit, and introduces loss in the direction of transmission.
EITHER END HOP OFF (EEHO): In private networks, a switch program that allows a call destined for an off-net
location to be placed into the public network at either the closest switch to the origination or to the destination.
The choice is usually by time of day. Uses either Head End Hop Off or Tail
End Hop Off.
ELECTRONIC KEY TELEPHONE SETS (EKTS): A generic term indicating key telephones with builtin microprocessors which allow access to PBX-like features as well as access to multiple CO lines, using 2 to 4 pair
wiring.
ELECTRONIC SWITCH: Modern programmable switch (often denoted ESS, for Electronic Switching System)
used in most BOC telephone companies, many independent telephone companies, and by virtually all new long
distance companies. Completely solid state electronics, as opposed to older electro-mechanical switches.
ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEM (ESS): Used as a station instrument on a PBX. Also a Bell System term
for electronic exchange switching equipment.
ELECTRONIC TANDEM NETWORK (ETN): (1) A private network automatically and electronically connecting the calling office to the called office through Tandem-Tie Trunks. The network switches also function as
PBXs. (2) An AT&T product name. (3) Used as a generic term for a PBX base network.
ENHANCED PRIVATE SWITCHED COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE (EPSCS): A private network utilizing
Bell-provided equipment located in the central office and dedicated to a specific customer.

E&M LEADS: A pair of leads which carry signals between trunk equipment and separate signaling equipment unit.
The M lead transmits battery or ground signals to the signaling equipment, and the E lead receives open or
ground signals from the signaling equipment.
E&M SIGNALING: An arrangement whereby signaling between a trunk circuit and an associated signaling unit is
effected over two leads providing full-time, 2-way, 2-level supervision.
ENTERPRISE NUMBER: A unique telephone exchange number that permits the called party to be automatically
billed for incoming calls.
EQUAL ACCESS: Reprogramming of Local Exchange Company (LEC) switches to allow other long distance
companies besides AT&T to be the “1+” primary long distance company for users of long distance (by creating
a new type of Feature Group access circuit, FGD). Also provides “10-XXX” dialing for secondary and casual
calling, generates true hardware Answer Supervision when calls are terminated over FGD circuits, and provides
ANI (Automatic Number Identification) on originating calls.
EQUALIZATION: The procedure of compensating for fluctuation in circuit amplitude, delay, or distortion.
ERLANG: A unit of traffic intensity. One Erlang is the intensity at which one traffic path would be continuously
occupied, e.g. one call per hour.
ERLANG B TABLE: A widely used table derived from a mathematical formula which allows the determination
of the traffic capacity of a given group of circuits.
EXCHANGE: A telephone switching center.
EXCHANGE NETWORK FACILITIES FOR INTERSTATE ACCESS (ENFIA): AT&T’s pricing arrangement for local loops offered to OCCs for connecting the OCC’s network to the local telephone company’s central office.
EXTENDED AREA SERVICE (EAS): Adding expanded local calling areas to a caller’s basic local calling area
for a (generally) small additional monthly fee. The EAS local calls can be either free (after a small additional
monthly fee is paid) or at a cost of reduced per call charges.
FACILITIES: Typically refers to transmission lines or circuits, or long distance services. A caller’s facilities are
the circuits available to make calls.
FACSIMILE: The transmission of pictures, maps or other documents via communications circuits using a device
which scans the original document, transforms the image into coded signals and reproduces the original document at a distant point.
FEATURE GROUP A: Line-side originating and terminating LATA access for which an originating subscriber
dials an assigned telephone number that connects to a specific IC. The IC returns a tone to signal the caller to
input additional tone-generated digits of the called number.
FEATURE GROUP B: Trunk-side originating and terminating LATA access for which an originating subscriber
dials a 950-WXXX number (where W=0,1 and XXX is the Carrier Access Code), which is translated to a specified XXX carrier trunk group. Optional dial service and ANI may be available.
FEATURE GROUP C: Trunk-side LATA access for AT&T, generally, on a direct basis between each EO and an
AT&T switching system.
FEATURE GROUP D: Also referred to as “Equal Access,” Feature Group D is trunk-side LATA access affording

call supervision to an IC, a uniform access code (10XXX), optional calling-party identification, recording of
access-charge billing details, and presubscription to a customer-specified IC.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC): The United States government agency established by
the Communications Act of 1934 which regulates the interstate communications industry.
FIBER OPTICS: High-speed transmission using light to send images (in telecommunications: voice or data)
through a flexible bundle of glass fibers.
FOUR WIRE CIRCUITS: Circuits which use two separate one-way transmission paths of two wires each, as opposed to regular local lines which usually only have two wires to carry conversations in both directions. One set
of wires carries conversation in one direction, the other in the opposite direction.
FREQUENCY: The number of complete cycles per unit of time.
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM): The division of an available frequency range (bandwidth)
into various subdivisions, each having enough bandwidth to carry one voice or data channel.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE: The reaction of frequencies to the circuit components.
FULL DUPLEX: A circuit which allows transmission of a message in both directions at the same time.
Synonym: 4-wire.
FULL PERIOD: Relates to private line service, which is rented for the exclusive use of a single customer for an
entire month.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE SERVICE (FX): A service which allows a customer to appear to have a local presence
in a distant part of town or, a different town altogether, by connecting his/her phone directly to a local business
line in a part of town with a different exchange than his/her local calling area over a leased private line, or to a
local telco in a distant town through long haul private
lines purchased from a long distance carrier.
GRADE OF SERVICE: The probability of a call being blocked by busy trunks, expressed as a decimal fraction,
and usually meaning the busy-hour probability.
GROUP: 12 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.
HALF DUPLEX: A circuit for transmitting or receiving signals in one direction at a time.
HARDWIRE: To wire or cable directly between units of equipment.
HARMONIC: The full multiple of a base frequency.
HARMONIC DISTORTION: The ratio, expressed in decibels, of the power at the fundamental frequency, to the
power of a harmonic of that fundamental.
HEAD END HOP OFF (HEHO): A method of traffic engineering whereby calls are completed by using long distance facilities directly off the switch that serves that location.
HERTZ (Hz): International standard unit of frequency. Replaces, and is identical to, the order unit “cycles-per-second.”

HOMING: Returning to the starting position, as in a rotary stepping switch.
HOOKSWITCH: The device on which the telephone receiver hangs or on which a telephone handset hangs or
rests when not in use. The weight of the receiver or handset operates a switch which opens the telephone circuit,
leaving only the bell connected to the line.
HOT-CUT: Virtually instantaneous replacement of one line with another.
HYBRID: An electronic circuit which performs the wire conversions necessary for the connection of a local loop
with a longhaul facility.
INTERCEPT: To stop a telephone call directed to an improper telephone number, and redirect that call to an operator or a recording.
INTERCONNECT: (1) The arrangement that permits the connection of customer’s telecommunications equipment
to a communications common carrier network. (2) The industry name for manufacturers, excluding the Bell system, which provide telephone equipment for the customer premises.
INTER-EXCHANGE MILEAGE (IXC): The airline mileage between two cities.
Synonym: Long Haul Mileage.
INTEREXCHANGE PLANT: The facilities between the subscriber switching center and another switching center.
INTERFACE: The junction or point of interconnection between two systems or equipment having different characteristics.
INTERFERENCE: Any unwanted noise or crosstalk on a communications circuit which acts to reduce the intelligibility of the desired signal or speech.
INTER-MACHINE TRUNK (IMT): A circuit which connects two automatic switching centers.
INTER-OFFICE TRUNK (IOT): A direct trunk between local exchange offices.
INTERNATIONAL RECORD CARRIER (IRC): Carriers providing international telecommunications services,
including voice, telex, and
data communications.
INTERSTATE: Any connection made between two states.
INTRASTATE: Any connection made that remains within the boundaries of a single state.
JITTER: Short term instability of the amplitude and/or phase of a signal. Commonly called PHASE JITTER.
KEYSET: A telephone instrument having an appearance of two or more telephone lines which can be accessed by
depressing a button (key) on the face of the set.
KEY SYSTEM: The equipment utilized to provide the features associated with key sets, including keysets, multipair cable, key service unit, distribution frames.
LEASED LINES: Any circuit or combination of circuits designated to be at the exclusive disposal of a given subscriber. Synonym: Private line; Full Period Line.

LEAST COST ROUTING (LCR): A method of automatically selecting the least costly facility for transmission of
a call. Synonym: Most Economical Route Selection (MERS); Automatic Route Selection; Flexible Route Selection.
LEVEL: An expression of the relative signal strength at a point in a communications circuit compared to a standard.
LOADING: A system for adding regularly spaced inductance units to a circuit to improve its transmission characteristics.
LOCAL ACCESS AND TRANSPORT AREA (LATA): A geographic area (called “exchange” or “exchange
area” in the MFJ) within each BOC’s franchised area that has been established by a BOC in accordance with the
provisions of the MFJ for the purpose of defining the territory within which a BOC may offer its telecommunications services.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): Intraoffice communication system usually used to provide data transmission
in addition to voice transmission.
LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER (LEC): A local telephone company, either one of the Bell Operating Companies or one of the 1400+ independent local telephone companies.
LOCAL LOOP: The local connection between the end user and the Class 5 central office.
LONG HAUL: Circuits spanning considerable distances.
LOOP BACK: A method of performing transmission tests on a circuit not requiring the assistance of personnel at
the distant end.
LOOP SIGNALING: Any of the three signaling methods which use the metallic loop formed by the trunk conductors and the terminating equipment bridges.
MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF): The point where outside plant cables terminate and from which they
cross connect to terminal or central office line equipment.
MAIN PBX: A PBX directly connected to a tandem switch via an access trunk group.
MANUAL TIE LINE: A tie line which requires the assistance of an attendant at both ends of the circuit in order to
complete a call.
MASTER GROUP (MG): 240 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.
MESSAGE TELEPHONE SERVICE (MTS): AT&T’s tariffed pricing name for long distance telephone calls.
MESSAGE UNIT (MU): A local toll rate calling plan which is time and distance sensitive.
MICROWAVE (M/W): Radio transmission using very short lengths, corresponding to a frequency of 1,000 megahertz or greater. Synonym: Microwave Radio.
MICROWAVE RADIO: Synonym: Microwave.
MODEM: A device which modulates and demodulates signals on a carrier frequency and allows the interface of
digital terminals with analog carrier systems.

MODIFIED FINAL JUDGEMENT (MFJ): The agreement between the U.S. Department of Justice and AT&T
governing the breakup of the pre-Divestiture Bell System into AT&T and 22 Bell operating companies and other
entities. On August 26, 1982, U.S. District Court Judge Harold Greene accepted,
with modifications, an AT&T/Justice Department settlement terminating the government’s 1974 antitrust suit against AT&T.
Judge Greene’s decree did away with the provisions of the 1956 consent decree that had kept AT&T out of competitive, unregulated ventures.
MODULATION Alterations in the characteristics of carrier waves. Usually impressed on the amplitude and/or the
frequency.
MONITORING DEVICE: Records data on calls placed through a company’s telephone system: number called,
length of calls, calling location.
MOST ECONOMICAL ROUTE SELECTION (MERS): Synonym: Least Cost Routing.
MULTIPLEXING: The act of combining a number of individual message circuits for transmission over a common
path. Two methods are used: (1) frequency division, and (2) time division.
NETWORK: A collection of switches connected to one another by transmission facilities.
NETWORK NUMBERING EXCHANGE (NXX): The three digit location code representing the central office.
“N” may be any number between “2” and “9” and “X” may be any number.
NETWORK TRUNKS: Circuits connecting switching centers.
NNX CODES: The 3-digit code used historically for local Exchange Codes. “N” can be any number from 0 to 2,
“X” can be any digit. The current numbering plan allows for more variation in assigning Exchange Codes, and
under it Exchange Codes are commonly referred to as “NXXs.”
NODE: A major switching center of a network.
NON-BLOCKING: A switching network having a sufficient number of paths such that a subscriber originating a
call can always reach any other idle subscriber without encountering a busy.
NUMBERING PLAN AREA (NPA): A geographical division within which no two telephones will have the same
7-digit number. “N” is any number between “2” and “9”; “P” is always “1” or “0”; and “A” is any number excluding “0”. Commonly referred to as “area code.”
NXX CODES: The current general configuration for Exchange Codes within each Area Code.
See also: “NNX Codes”
OFFERED TRAFFIC: The number of call attempts in any specified period of time.
OFF HOOK: The condition which results when a telephone is lifted from its mounting, allowing the hookswitch to
operate.
OFF-NETWORK ACCESS LINE (ONAL): A local exchange (Feature Group access), Foreign Exchange, or
WATS line connecting both incoming and outgoing traffic from a long distance company’s network to the public
switched network. Generally a circuit leased by a long distance carrier to be used by many customers not
hooked directly into the long distance carrier’s network.

OFF NETWORK CALLING : Telephone calls through a private switching system and transmission network
which extend to the public telephone system.
OFF PREMISES EXTENSION (OPX): An extension telephone or keyset that is geographically separated from
its associated PBX.
ON HOOK: The condition which results when a telephone handset is placed on its mounting, which causes the
hook-switch to open its contacts.
ON NETWORK CALLING: A term used to describe a call that originates and terminates on a private network.
OPERATOR ASSISTED CALLS: Non-DDD calls requiring manual intervention.
ORIGINATING OFFICE: The central office that serves the calling party.
OTHER COMMON CARRIER (OCC): A long distance company other than AT&T having many of its own long
distance circuits, either owned or leased. Some people use OCC to refer to all AT&T long distance competitors,
including resellers, but this is not technically correct.
OUT-OF-BAND: Any frequency outside the band used for voice frequencies.
OUT-OF-BAND SIGNALING: Use of narrow band filters to place the voice signal on a carrier channel below
3,400 CPS, reserving the 3,400 – 3,700 CPS band for supervisory signals.
OVERBUILD: Adding radio capacity to a telecommunications network.
OVERFLOW: Switching equipment which operates when the traffic load exceeds the capacity of the regular
equipment.
PAD: A non-adjustable resistance network used to insert transmission loss into a circuit.
PHASE JITTER: See Jitter
POINT OF PRESENCE (POP): A physical location within a LATA at which an IC establishes itself for the purpose of obtaining LATA access and to which the BOC provides access services.
POINT-TO-POINT: A communications circuit between two terminations which does not connect with a public
telephone system.
PORT: Entrance or access point to a computer, multiplexor device or network where signals may be supplied, extracted or observed.
POSTAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH (PTT): Foreign government agencies responsible for regulating
communications.
PRIMARY AREA: A customer’s local telephone calling area.
PRIMARY INTEREXCHANGE CARRIER (PIC): The IC designated by a customer to provide inter-LATA service automatically without requiring the customer to dial an access code for that carrier.
PRIMARY ROUTING POINT: The switch designated as the control point for a longhaul telephone call.

PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX): A private phone system (switch) used by medium and large companies
which is connected to the public telephone network (local telco) and performs a variety of in-house routing and
switching. User usually dial “9” to get outside system to the local lines.
PRIVATE LINE (PL): A full-time leased line directly connecting two points, used solely by purchaser. The most
common form is a tie line connecting two pieces of a user’s own phone equipment – flat rate billing, not usage
sensitive.
PRIVATE USE NETWORK: Two or more private line channels contracted for by a customer and restricted for
use by that customer only.
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK (PSN): The pre-Divestiture nationwide network maintained by AT&T and the
independent telephone companies which provides nationwide, unrestricted telephone service.
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network.
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (PSC): The state commissions regulating intrastate communications.
PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION (PSC): The state commissions regulating intrastate communications.
PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM): The form of modulation in which the information signals are sampled at
regular intervals and a series of pulses in coded form are transmitted representing the amplitude of the information signal at that time.
PULSE-LINK REPEATER: Connects one E&M signaling circuit directly to another.
PULSE MODULATION: The modulation of a series of pulses which represents information-bearing signals. Typical methods involve modifying the amplitude (PAM), width or duration (PWM) or position (PPM). Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM) is the most common modulation technique involved in telephone work.
PUSH BUTTON DIALING: Synonym: Dual Tone Multi-Frequency.
QUEUE: A temporary delay in providing service caused by the inability of the system provided to handle the number of messages or calls attempted.
RADIO COMMON CARRIER (RCC): Communications common carrier that provides radio paging and mobile
telephone services to the public.
RATE CENTER: A specified geographic location used by the telephone company to determine interchange mileage for rate determination purposes.
REDUNDANCY: Duplicate equipment that is provided to minimize the effect of failures or equipment breakdowns.
REGENERATION: The process of receiving distorted signal pulses and from them recreating new pulses at the
correct repetition rate, pulse amplitude, and pulse width.
RE-HOMING: A major network change which involves moving customer services from one switching center to
another and establishing the necessary trunking facilities to do so.
REMOTE ACCESS: The ability of transmission points to gain access to a computer which is at a different location.

REPEATER: An electronic device used to amplify signals which have become too weak.
REPEATING COIL: The telephone industry’s term for a voice-frequency transformer.
RESELLER: A long distance company that purchases large amounts of transmission capacity or calls from other
carriers and resells it to smaller users.
RESTORATION: The re-establishment of service by rerouting, substitution of component parts, or as otherwise
determined.
RETARD COIL: A coil having a large inductance which retards sudden changes of the current flowing through its
winding.
RINGBACK TONE: Synonym: Audible Ringing Tone.
RINGDOWN: A circuit or method of signaling where the incoming signal is actuated by alternating current over
the circuit.
ROUTE DIVERSITY: Two (or more) private line channels (circuits) furnished partially or entirely over two physically separate routes. Serves to prevent total loss of service if one cable gets cut or goes out.
ROUTE OPTIMIZATION: Synonym: Least Cost Routing.
ROTARY HUNT: An arrangement which allows calls placed to seek out an idle circuit in a prearranged multi-circuit group and find the next open line to establish a through circuit.
SATELLITE RELAY: An active or passive repeater in geosynchronous orbit around the Earth which amplifies the
signal it receives before transmitting it back to earth.
SELECTIVE CALLING: The ability of a transmitting station to specify by the use of assigned codes which of
several stations is to receive a message.
SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT RECORD: A list of equipment billed to customer by type, quantity, monthly
charge, location and billing dates.
SINGLE-FREQUENCY SIGNALING (SF): A signaling system which uses a 2,600 Hz in-band signal on the
voice path. The tone is on in the idle condition, pulsed for dialing, and off when the circuit is in use.
SHORT HAUL: Circuits designed for use over distances of 10-200 miles.
SIGNALING: The process of transferring information between two parts of a telephone network to control the establishment of communications between long distance carrier terminal points, and customer equipment required
for voice grade dedicated circuits.
SIGNALING CONVERTER: A device with input and output signals that contain the same information but
employ different electrical systems for transmitting that information. Used at the terminal of a trunk to convert
the equipment signals to the system used on the trunk. Examples are: (1) ring down to SF, (2) E&M to SF.
SINGING: A continued whistle or howl in an amplified telephone circuit. It occurs when the sum of the repeater
gains exceeds the sum of the circuit losses.

SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: Ratio of the signal power to the noise power in a specified bandwidth, usually expressed in dB.
SIMPLEX SIGNALING (SX): A signaling path over a dry talking circuit which uses the two sides of the circuit in
parallel, derived by connecting the midpoints of repeating coils or retardation coils which are across the circuit.
SIGNALING, IN-BAND: A type of signaling using an AC signal (usually 2,600 Hz) within the normal voice band.
This signal can be transmitted from end to end of a long voice circuit without an intermediate signaling equipment. Since the signaling is audible, the signaling equipment must be arranged for “tone on when idle” operation.
SINGLE SIDEBAND RADIO (SSB): A form of amplitude modulation of a radio signal in which only one of the
two sidebands is transmitted. Either of the two sidebands may be transmitted, and the carrier may be transmitted, reduced or suppressed.
SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK (SDN): A switched long distance service for very large users with multiple
locations. Instead of putting together their own network, large users can get special usage rates for calls made on
regular long distance company switched long distance services.
Synonym: Virtual Private Network.
SPECIAL GRADE NETWORK TRUNK: A trunk specially conditioned by providing amplitude and delay equalization for the purpose of handling special services such as medium-speed data (600 to 2400 bps).
SPECIALIZED COMMON CARRIER (SCC): Synonym: Other Common Carrier.
SPEED NUMBER: A one, three, or four digit number that replaces a seven or ten digit telephone number. These
numbers are programmed into the switch in the carrier’s office or in a PBX.
STATION: Any customer location on a network capable of sending or receiving messages or calls.
STATION MESSAGE DETAIL RECORDING (SMDR): A computer generated report showing internal usage on
a telephone system. Usually including extension number, trunk number used, phone number dialed, time of call,
duration and operator involvement.
STORE-AND-FORWARD: A technique in which a message is received from the originator and held in storage
until a circuit to the addressee becomes available.
STORED PROGRAM CONTROL (SPC): A system whereby the instructions are placed in the memory of a common controlled switching unit and to which it refers while processing a call for instructions regarding class
marks, code conversions, routing, as well as for trouble analysis.
SUPERGROUP (SG): 60 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.
SUPER MASTER GROUP (SMG): 600 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.
SUPERVISION: Synonym: Answer Supervision.
SUPERVISORY SIGNALS: A signal, such as “on-hook” or “off-hook,” which indicates whether a circuit or line
is in use.
SWITCH: Equipment used to interconnect lines and trunks.

SWITCHED ACCESS: Connection between caller’s phone system and switch of chosen long distance carrier
when a regular long distance call using regular local lines is made. Also the connection between the switch of
caller’s long distance carrier in the distant city and the phone being
called.
SWITCH HOOK: Synonym: Hookswitch.
SWITCHING: The operations involved in interconnecting circuits in order to establish communications.
SWITCHING CENTER: A location at which telephone traffic, either local or toll, is switched or connected from
one circuit or line to another.
SWITCHING OFFICE: A telephone company office which contains a switch.
T-1 : 24 voice channels digitized at 64,000 bps, combined into a single 1.544M bps digital stream (8,000 bps
signaling), and carried over two pairs of regular copper telephone wires. Used primarily by telephone companies
until 1983. Now used for dedicated local access to long distance facilities, longhaul private lines, and for regular
local service. Today, most any 1.544M bps digital stream is called T-1, regardless of its makeup or what the
transmission medium is.
T-CARRIER: A time-division, pulse-code modulation, voice carrier used on exchange cable to provide short-haul
trunks.
TAIL END HOP OFF (TEHO): In a private network, a call which is carried over flat rate facilities (Intermachine
Trunks or IMT) to the closest switch node to the destination of the call, and then connected into the public network as a local call.
TANDEM: A switching arrangement in which the trunk from the calling office is connected to a trunk to the called
office through an intermediate point.
TANDEM SWITCHING SYSTEM: Synonym: Tandem Tie Trunk Network.
TANDEM TIE TRUNK NETWORK (TTTN): A serving arrangement which permits sequential connection of tie
trunks between PBX/CENTREX locations by utilizing tandem operation.
TANDEM TRUNKING: Trunks which connect two or more switches together.
TARIFF: The published rates, regulations, and descriptions governing the provisions of communications service.
TELCO: Local telephone company.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS: The transmission of voice and/or data through a medium by means of electrical impulses and includes all aspects of transmitting information.
TELEGRAPH: A system employing the interruption of, or change in, the polarity of DC current signaling to convey coded information.
TELEPHONE: A device which converts acoustical (sound) energy into electrical energy for transmission to a distant point.
TELETYPEWRITER: A machine used to transmit and/or receive communications on printed page and/or tape.
TERMINAL: A point at which information can enter or leave a communications network.

TERMINAL EQUIPMENT: Devices, apparatus and their associated interfaces used to forward information to a
local customer or distant terminal.
TERMINATION: (1) An item that is connected to the terminal of a circuit or equipment. (2) An impedance connected to the end of a circuit being tested. (3) The points on a switching network to which a trunk or line may be
attached.
TIE-LINE: A private leased line linking two phones or phone systems directly. Can ring distant phone automatically when telephone is lifted from its mounting, or when a short code is dialed.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM): Equipment which enables the transmitting of a number of signals
over a single common path by transmitting them sequentially at different instants of time.
TOLL CALL: Any call to a point outside the local service area.
TOLL CENTER: A central office where operators (human or mechanical) are present to assist in completing incoming toll calls.
TOLL OFFICE: A center for the switching of toll calls.
TOLL PLANT: The facilities that connect toll offices throughout the country.
TOLL RESTRICTION: A restriction in outgoing trunks which counts the first three digits dialed and diverts calls
to forbidden codes either to a busy tone, to the operator, or to a recorded announcement.
TOUCH-TONE ADAPTOR: A device that can be connected to a rotary dial telephone to allow for DTMF signaling.
TRAFFIC: Calls being sent and received over a communications network.
TRAFFIC MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING SYSTEMS (TMRS): A computer generated report showing
usage information of telephone systems. Usually this includes trunk utilization, outages, queueing time, and the
need for additional common equipment.
TRAFFIC SERVICE POSITION SYSTEM (TSPS): A toll switchboard position configured as a push button
console.
TRANSMISSION: The electrical transfer of a signal, message or other form of data from one location to another
without unacceptable loss of information content due to attenuation, distortion, or noise.
TRANSMISSION LEVEL: The level of power of a signal, normally 1,000 Hz, which should be measured at a
particular reference point.
TRANSMISSION SPEED: Number of pulses or bits transmitted in a given period of time, usually expressed as
bits per second (bps) or words per minute (wpm).
TRUNK: A telephone circuit or path between two switches, at least one of which is usually a telephone company
Central Office or switching center. Regular local CO circuits are called PBX trunks, because there is a switch at
both ends of the circuit.
TRUNK GROUP: An arrangement of communications channels into an identical group.

TRUNK TYPE (TT): Trunks that use the same type of equipment going to the same terminating location.
TRUNK UTILIZATION REPORT (TUR): A computer printout detailing the traffic use of a trunk.
TELETYPEWRITER EXCHANGE SERVICE( (TWX): A service whereby a customer’s leased teletypewriter is
connected to a “TWX” switchboard and from there connected over regular toll circuits to a teletypewriter of any
U.S. customer who subscribes to a similar service.
TWO-WIRE CIRCUIT: (1) A channel for transmitting data in one direction at a time. (2) A short distance channel
using a single send/receive pathway, usually two copper wires, connecting a telephone to a switch.
UNIFORM CALL DISTRIBUTOR (UCD): A device located at the telephone office or in a PABX which distributes incoming calls evenly among individuals.
UNIFORM SERVICE ORDER CODE (USOC): The information in coded form for billing purposes by the local
telephone company pertaining to information on service orders and service equipment records.
VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SERVICE (VANS): A data transmission network which routes messages according
to available paths, assures that the message will be received as it was sent, provides for user security, high speed
transmission and conferencing among terminals.
VIA NET LOSS (VNL): The lowest loss in dB at which a trunk facility can be operated considering limitations of
echo, crosstalk, noise and singing.
VOICE CONNECTING ARRANGEMENT: An interface arrangement provided by the telephone company to
accommodate the connections of non-carrier provided voice terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network.
VOICE FREQUENCY (VF): Any of the frequencies in the band 300–3,400 Hz which must be transmitted to reproduce the voice with reasonable fidelity.
VOICE GRADE: An access line suitable for voice, low-speed data, facsimile, or telegraph service. Generally, it
has a frequency range of about 300–3000 Hz.
VOICE GRADE FACILITY (VGF): A circuit designed to DDD network standards which is suitable for voice,
low-speed data, facsimile, or telegraph service.
WIDE AREA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE (WATS): WATS permits customers to make (OUTWATS)
or receive (INWATS) long-distance calls and to have them billed on a bulk rather than individual call basis. The
service is provided within selected service areas, or bands, by means of special private access lines connected to
the pubic telephone network via WATS-equipped central offices. A single access line permits inward or outward
service, but not both.
WIDEBAND: A term applied to facilities or circuits where bandwidths are greater than that required for one voice
channel.
WIRE CENTER: The physical structure that houses one or more central office switching systems.
”0” or “0-”: Zero minus dialing. Allows a caller to dial zero and nothing else to get the Operator.
”0+”: Zero plus dialing. An operator assisted long distance call which is charged to the calling party.

”00+” or “00-”: Double zero dialing. Allows a caller to get an AT&T Operator in areas in which dialing only one
zero would connect the caller with the local Operator because AT&T has given Operators back to the local telephone company.
”1+” DIALING: The capability to dial “1” plus the long distance number for calls within the North American
Numbering Plan area. Intra-LATA calls are carried by the local telephone company. Inter-LATA calls are carried
by the caller’s primary carrier, or by AT&T if equal access has not come to the caller’s area yet.
”10-XXX” DIALING: The ability to send calls over a carrier other than a caller’s primary carrier by dialing
“10-XXX” then “1+” the long distance number, where “XXX” is the 3-digit Carrier Code of the alternative long
distance company (also called a secondary carrier). Available only to Equal Access customers.
800 SERVICE: The ability of a caller to dial a long distance telephone number without incurring a charge for the
call, which is paid for by the party offering the 800 number. Synonym: Inward WATS service.
900 SERVICE: Allows callers to receive information from the service provider via a recorded audio message,
which can range from 60 seconds to a continuous live hookup, by calling a 900 number. This service can also be
used to enable callers to vote or “make a choice” by dialing one of two 900 numbers. Such 900 calls are typically billed to the caller at $.50 for the first minute of any call and $.35 for each additional minute.
976 NUMBERS: Service which allows callers to listen to recorded messages such as horoscopes, “adult” dialogue,
stock market or sports reports by calling 976-xxxx. The local telephone company charges callers a fee which is
split between the local telephone company and the service provider.

GLOSSARY
This glossary defines those terms that are used in DECvoice–T1 documentation.
ACNA: Automated Customer Name and Address pronunciation. This is a feature of the DECvoice software.
ACP: An Ancillary Control Process. An ACP is an undocumented VMS mechanism that allows a device driver to
perform time consuming or outer mode activities such as RMS.
ACP: See Call Progress Detection
ACPD: See Call Progress Detection
ADPCM: Adaptive Delta Pulse Coded Modulation. An encoding format used by DECvoice modules for voice data.
Algorithm Conversion: The conversion from one voice encoding algorithm to another. The DECvoice RTL supports several voice encoding algorithms including full bandwidth 64-kilobits-per-second A-law, full bandwidth
64-kilobits-per-second A-law, and 16-kilobit-per-second subband compressed encoding.
Blue Alarm: Two frames of ones and an out-of-frame condition. This alarm is used as a keepalive on the circuit.
Call Progress Detection: The monitoring of the call audio to determine if the call was answered, the line was busy,
or no one answered (the call timed out). Call progress detection is based on the various frequencies and cadences generated by the telephone network.
Inserting an “X” character in the dial string of a DECvoice RTL VOX$DIAL routine causes the DECvoice to
perform Audio Call Progress Detection.
CEPT: CEPT is a European standards body. One of the CEPT standards is a DS1 rate digital telephone service
known as CEPT–PCM30, also known as E1. It is roughly analogous to the FCC T1 format. CEPT–PCM30 has
30 DS0 PCM streams, plus one DS0 stream for framing and one DS0 stream for signalling bits.
Channel Bank: A channel bank is a device used to convert a T1 connection to a group of tip-and-ring connections.
It can also be used in the reverse fashion; it can convert a group of tip-and-ring lines to a T1 connection.
Cluster Wide License: A Cluster Wide license is a license drawn from units available to all processors in a VAXcluster. This type of license allows the system manager to choose which processors run the licensed product(s)
on which processors.
The DECvoice “VOX” license, order number QL–VFUA9–J*, is an example of a Cluster Wide license.
Complex Mode: The term “complex”, as applied to the set of voice functions that are supported on a M3135 voice
module when operating in the “complex” mode, typically includes hardware supported encoding algorithms for
playback/record and does include Text-to-Speech Synthesis, Voice Recognition, Audio Call Progress, and so
forth.
Complex stream context: A message context that incorporates more than one message handle. The complex stream
context lets applications reposition within a group of messages for record and playback operations. Also, the
complex context lets applications smoothly concatenate multiple-stored speech segments.

CPU: Central Processing Unit.
CRC: This stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check. It is an error checking code that is normally appended to a packet
of data, or interspersed inside a packet of data. It allows a check on the integrity of a data line.
CSR: A CSR is a Q–bus Control and Status Register. This register is used for communications between a host
processor module, such as a KA655 module, and an I/O device, such as a DTC05 module.
CSU: A Channel Service Unit. The connection point between the carrier telephone network and the customer equipment. A CSU typically permits the carrier to conduct remote diagnostics.
Crosspoint Switch: A crosspoint switch allows routing of signals from one point on a telephone network to another
part of the telephone network. The DTCN5 contains two crosspoint switches.
D4: T1 framing format that allows for two robbed bits per channel in each direction. These bits (or a decoded version) can be used to drive relays or lights, ring phones, etc.
DECvoice–T1: DECvoice–T1 is a multi–board consisting of zero or more M3135 DTC05 modules and one or more
M3136 modules. DECvoice–T1 supports up to eight telephone connections when only the digitized voice capabilities are required. The full set of DECvoice capabilities is supported in single connection operations.
DECvoice–T1 supports digitized voice, voice recognition, synthesized voice, and various telephony functions.
DECvoice–T1 hooks to one or more T1 connections. See also M3135, M3136.
DECvoice Message: Text and stored voice date in the special internal format that the DECvoice RTL uses. Once
voice and text data is in the form of a DECvoice message, DECvoice can perform many different types of operations on the message.
DECvoice Microcode: All the soft–loadable speech functionality available on the DECvoice module. Included in
the microcode is the systme, audio, text–to–speech, and word recognition subsystems. The microcode is down–
loaded from the host, typically by the DECvoice RTL.
DECvoice RTL: The DECvoice Run–Time Library is a group of routines that let applications program the DECvoice features. The routines provide support for moodule initialization, data manipulation, voice storage and
playback, recognition, telephone line control, and various related tasks.
DOC: The Canadian Department of Communications. The body with statutory control over Canadian telephony.
DS0: A single 64-kilobit data stream, usually a portion of line operating at a higher rate.
DS1: In the United States and Canada, this is 24 DS0 streams. In Europe, this is 32 DS0 streams.
DSP: Digital Signal Processing.
DSX-1: DSX-1 is an electrical standard used for digital communications.
DTC05: See M3135, the DECvoice-T1 voice module.
DTCN5: See M3136, DECvoice-T1 telephony module.
DTMF: Dual Tone Multi Frequency. DTMF tones are used for a variety of signaling purposes, including dialing.
DX: Shorthand for Crosspoint switch. A crosspoint switch allows routing of signals from one point on a telephone
network to another part of the telephone network. The DTCN5 contains two crosspoint switches.

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E1: See CEPT.
Eight–Line Mode: The name eight–line mode (formerly known as ~reduced” mode) is the subset of voice functions that are supported on a M3135 voiice module that is operating in the eight–line mode. Functions supported in eight line mode includes hardware supported encoding algorithms for playback and recording: eight–
line mode does not support Text–to–Speech Synthesis nor Voice Recognition.
EMI: ElectroMagnetic Interference. A generally undesirable intereaction that can occur between various unshielded devices.
Encoding Algorithm: The voice encoding algorithm that the DECvoice uses to store voice data. The DECvoice
RTL supports several voice encoding algorithms.
EOS: Electrical OverStress. A generally undesirable intereaction that can occur between various devices.
ESF: Extended Super Frame; a T1 framing format that allows for four robbed bits per channel, checksum on the
data, and an extra channel (Facility Data Link ~FDL”) at a low bit rate. This is an extension of D4. The checksum and FDL are woven into the framing bit.
Event: A potentially asynchronous response to a DECvoice RTL routine; used by the DECvoice RTL to communicate with the client application. Applications can use the DECvoice RTL routine VOX$GET_EVENT routine
to retrieve events.
FCC: The American Federal Communications Commission. The body with statutory control over American telephony.
FDL: Facility Data Link. This is a 4-kilobit-per-second channel that is composed of every other framing bit on an
ESF format T1 line. This link is used by at least one channel bank manufacturer to configure the channel bank.
Not to be confused with the VMS File. Definition Language Facility, also known as FDL.
Graphemic mode: A mode where the literal word spelling, rather than phonemic spelling, is presented into the
DECvoice Synthesizer for synthesis output.
HDLC: Half Duplex Line Control. A packet protocol often seen with the Facility Data Link (FDL) component of
ESF.
Initialization: The process that the host, using the DECvoice RTL, performs on the DECvoice at the beginning of a
DECvoice working session. On initialization, the host allocates and assigns a channel to the DECvoice device
and sets up communications among the DECvoice device, the DECvoice ACP and the associated device drivers.
IDC: A generic name for an Insulation Displacement Connector. IDC components are a common component of the
DECvoice TDM Highway.
ISDN-BASIC: Basic Rate ISDN. This is also called 2B+D and consists of two channels of voice or data and one
channel of control.
ISDN-PRI: Primary Rate ISDN. This is a line with DS1 electrical characteristics where one of the voice channels is
turned into a common control channel. If based on T1 it is called 23B+D. If based on CEPT then it is called
30B+D. The B stands for a DS0 stream that could be used for voice or data. The D stands for a DS0 stream that
is used for call control.
LPS: Line Processor Section; a signal processing subsystem of the DTC05 module.

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M3135: The DECvoice-T1 Multi-function, multi-line voice module. Also known as the DTC05–AA module. The
module is a quad formfactor Q-Bus module for the S-box (BA200 and BA400 series enclosure) processors. The
M3135 module connects to the TDM highway interconnect. See also DECvoice-T1. Contrast with DECvoice-I.
M3136: The DECvoice-T1 telephone network interface module. Also known as the DTCN5–AA network module.
The module is a quadform-factor Q-bus module intended for installation in S-box processors. The M3136 provides the connections to three T1 communications lines and up to three shelves of DTC05 modules via the three
TDM highway connectors. The M3136 module design supports various numbers and combinations of these connections up to the maximum. Initial system support will be for one M3136 per system. See also DECvoice-T1.
Contrast with DECvoice-I.
Message Handle: The identifier of a particular DECvoice RTL stored message. Applications use the message handle to access and reference a particular message. The message handle contains specific information to a message, including the message size, the length, the encoding algorithm, the message reference count, the language,
the RTL version number, the creation date, and the date of last modification.
MF: Multi Frequency; signalling tones used and generated in the telephone network.
Network Module: See M3136.
Offhook: A telephonic state where the telephone handset is currently off the switch hook cradle. Depending on the
type of telephone line in use, this state can be caused by physically moving the handset, by electrically completing the telephone circuit or by the generating of a digital electronic signal.
Onhook: A telephonic state where the telephone handset is currently on the switch hook cradle. Depending on the
type of telephone line in use, this state can be caused by physically moving the handset, by electrically breaking
the telephone circuit or by the generating of a digital electronic signal.
One-Line Mode: The name one-line mode (formerly known as “complex” mode) is applied to the subset of voice
functions that are supported on an M3135 voice module when operating in the single-line mode. One-line mode
includes hardware supported encoding algorithms for playback and recording and includes Text-to-Speech Synthesis, Voice Recognition, Audio Call Progress, etc.
Optional Parameters: Variable arguments that applications can use to change how certain RTL routines execute.
By using one or more the optional parameters, an application can tailor the DECvoice RTL to suit a particular
environment.
PAK: Product Authorization Key, a piece of paper containing requisite runes required to run software. See LMF.
PBX: A private branch exchange. A telephone switch, typically located at the customer site.
PCM: Pulse Code Modulation. A common name for -Law or A-Law eight bit data encoding.
PLL: Phase Locked Loop. Method or device that synchronizes clock streams. This can be done digitally by stretching a cycle of a clock, or using analog techniques (such as varying the capacitance on crystal leads).
Positive Disconnect: Notification that the remote party has terminated the telephone connection. Positive disconnect is not available on all telephone networks. See Wink.

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PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network. The PSTN is the carrier of all regulated telephone traffic within a
country. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the regulatory agency that oversees
the United States PSTN.
Pulse Dialing: An older method of dial signaling; the signalling used by a rotary telephone. The telephone digits are
pulsed, or dialed, at a rate of 10 pulses per second.
Recognition Template: An utterance stored in a template buffer in DECvoice module memory; used by the DECvoice recognition microcode to match against an utterance collected from the telephone line. If the utterance
collected from the telephone line is a close match to the template word, the DECvoice RTL informs the application that the match is a good one.
Red Alarm: An alarm indicating a loss-of-signal condition.
Reduced Mode: See Eight-Line Mode.
Repositioning: Moving the active position from one area to another within a message to playback (or record over)
different parts of a message. The DECvoice RTL allows both absolute and relative positioning within a message.
Shelf: A Shelf consists of a contiguous bank of M3135 voice modules connected to a unique TDM highway via flat
ribbon cables. A Shelf must connect to a M3136 Telephone network module. The TDM source connection on
the proximal side (relative to the VAX or MicroVAX processor) must be connected to the M3136 network
module.
See TDM.
Stream Context: The information necessary to track the active position of a DECvoice RTL structured message.
The stream context includes the following information: module ID associated with the message, length of the
message, active position within the message, and the current state of the message (typically either paused or
active). Applications can query the stream context for a particular message with the DECvoice RTL
VOX$GET_CONTEXT_INFO routine.
Structured message: A message in the internal DECvoice RTL format. In addition to the actual voice data, a structured message contains the creation date, the date of last modification, the encoding algorithm used, the RTL
version, and the language the message is in.
Subsystem: A section of microcode that performs certain DECvoice functions. DECvoice has five default subsystems: system, audio, text-to-speech, stored voice, and word recognition.
Switch Hook Flash: Any interruption in the telephone line current; a switch hook flash can be caused by pressing
the switch hook on a phone. Used by some telephone switches to control switch-specific options, such as call
forwarding and call conferencing.
T1: T1 is a name used in the United States and Canada for a 24-channel, DS1 format. T1 has an extra bit for framing and (optionally) “stolen” bits for control and signalling. The clock rate is determined implicitly by the received data rate; detection uses a Phase Lock Looped (PLL) Circuit. T1 is often physically wired as two twisted
pairs, one pair in each direction.
T1 Module: See M3136.

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TDM: This actually stands for Time Division Multiplex, and refers to the method used to pack the 32 DS0 streams
onto four twisted pairs. Thirty Two DS0 streams with separate wires for framing and clock. This is one twisted
pair per direction for data, and a separate twisted pair for framing and clocking (in T1 the framing and clocking
are implicit, on the TDM bus they are explicit) . The TDM does not carry control information.
TDM Highway: In the DECvoice-T1, the TDM highway is used as a bus to connect the DECvoice-T1 Q-bus modules, the M3135 and M3136, together into a functioning unit. It is physically a ribbon cable daisy-chained to all
M3135 modules in a shelf. On the end of shelf nearest the MicroVAX processor, the TDM connects to the
M3136 network module. On the end of the shelf farthest from the MicroVAX processor, the TDM-out plug on
the last M3135 module has a TDM terminator plug in place of the keyed ribbon cable.
See Shelf, TDM.
TDM Terminator: A small plug that is inserted into the lower 20-pin IDC connector on a DTC05. This module is
used to terminate the TDM highway.
See TDM Highway.
Telephone Line Interface (TLI): That part of the DECvoice hardware and microcode that controls communication
between the DECvoice module and the telephone line. On the DECvoice-I the physical portion of the TLI is
mounted on the I/O bulkhead.
Termination: Completion and teardown of the connection between the host system, typically the DECvoice RTL,
and the DECvoice module. Applications can terminate a DECvoice session with the DECvoice RTL
VOX$TERMINATE routine.
Text to Speech: The act of converting written text into speech. The DECvoice text-to-speech subsystem performs
all of the text-to-speech tasks including translating text into speech, number parsing, and voice selection.
Often referred to as synthesis.
Tip and Ring Lines: Tip and Ring Lines, named after the electrical connection to the tip and ring on the now-historical operator’s plug in the central office, are the most common form of telephone lines. These telephone lines
are the most common type in North America.
TLI: See Telephone Line Interface
Tone Dialing: A Dial signalling protocol that utilizes DTMF signalling; the protocol used by non-pulse telephones.
Each DTMF tone represents a specific digit in the dial string.
VMDRIVER: The DECvoice port device driver used on the DECvoice-T1 DTC05 voice module. The device driver provides the low-level support between the DECvoice class driver (VODRIVER) and the DECvoice module.
VNDRIVER: The DECvoice port device driver used on the DECvoice-I DTCN5 telephony module. The device
driver provides the low-level support between the DECvoice class driver (VODRIVER) and the DECvoice
module.
VODRIVER: The DECvoice class device driver used with all DECvoice hardware. The device driver presents the
DECvoice RTL with a consistent interface a variety of DECvoice port drivers.

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Voice Compression: The encoding of voice data in such a way as to reduce the amount of data necessary to encode
the voice. The DECvoice RTL supports the 16 kitlobit per second subband compressed encoding algorithm to
record or load voice data. Compressed voice data requires less memory than noncompressed data, but includes a
corresponding decrease in the quality of the recorded voice.
Voice Module: See M3135.
Voice Recognition: The interpretation of collected utterances. The DECvoice RTL uses either an isolated word recognition system or an optional continuous word recognition system. The recognition system uses pattern matching. The system collects an utterance from the telephone line, or from message data in memory, then matches
the word against a set of stored recognition templates. The DECvoice RTL returns the result of this matching
process to the application. The result can be “good,” “fair,” or “poor.”
Voice recording: The digitization and storage of speech collected from the host or the telephone line. Applications
use the VOX$RECORD routine to record speech.
VOX$ACP: The DECvoice ancillary control process. The ACP provides support for the DECvoice RTL and the
DECvoice device drivers, and includes PSTN-specific regulatory enforcement.
Wink: Either a momentary interruption in line current on a tip and ring line or a signal on a FXO/FXS telephone
channel that indicates that the calling party has hung up, or an interruption of signal bit (on Ear and Mouth format T1) that indicates dialing may proceed. Disconnect winks are often configurable on PBX systems; they may
not always be present on tip and ring lines or on FXO/FXS telephone channels.
Wink Detection: See Wink
Yellow Alarm: A yellow alarm indicates a cascading alarm condition; an alarm condition that has ocurred “upstream”
or “behind” the reporting network node.

105

106

!         
      !
For work to be performed in the certified territory of

Telco's Name: ___________________________________________________________________
State of:

___________________________________________________________________

County of:

___________________________________________________________________

I, _____________________________________, of ______________________________________
(Name Authorized Representative)

(Customer Name)

____________________________________________________, ____________________________
(Customer's Address)

(Telephone Number)

being duly sworn, state:
I have responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the terminal equipment to be connected to
_____________ 1.544 Mbps and/or _____________ Subrate digital services. The terminal equipment to
be connected complies with Part 68 of the Commissions rules except for the encoded analog content
and billing protection specifications. With respect to encoded analog content and billing protection:

I attest that all operations associated with the establishment, maintenance and adjustment
of the digital CPE with respect to encoded analog content and encoded billing information
continuously complies with Part 68 of the FCC's Rules and Regulations.

The digital CPE does not transmit digital signals containing encoded analog content or billing
information which is intended to be decoded within the telecommunications network.

The encoded analog and billing protection is factory set and is not under the control of the
customer.

107

108

I attest that the operator(s) maintainer(s) of the digital CPE responsible for the establishment,
maintenance and adjustment of the encoded analog content and billing information has (have)
been trained to perform these functions by successfully completing one of the following:
Check appropriate one(s).

(a)

A training course provided by the manufacturer/grantee of the equipment used to
encode analog signals; or

(b)

A training course provided by the customer or authorized representative, using
training materials and instructions provided by the manufacturer/grantee of the
equipment used to encode analog signals; or

(c)

An independent training course (e.g., trade school or technical institution) recognized
by the manufacturer/grantee of the equipment used to encode analog signals; or

(d)

In lieu of the proceeding training requirements, the operator(s) maintainer(s) is (are) under
the control of a supervisor trained in accordance with ___________ above.

I agree to provide ________________________________________ with proper documentation to
(Telco's Name)

demonstrate compliance with the information as provided in the proceeding paragraph, if so requested.

___________________________________________________ (Signature)
___________________________________________________ (Title)
___________________________________________________ (Date)

Subscribed and Sworn to before me this __________________ day of __________________ , 19 ______.

________________________________________________________
Notary Public

My Commission expires: __________________________________

109

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