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AA-UOQ003A-TV

1983

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Document:	Wordstar General Information Manual
Order Number:	AA-UOQ003A-TV
Revision:	0
Pages:	48
Original Filename:

OCR Text

MicroPro

International

Corporation

WORDSTAR

GENERAL

INFORMATION MANUAL

WORDSTAR

QUEC&H~-C3 V3.0

Version

DEC

order

No.

39126306

3.0

AA-UOQOO3A-TV

This document is distributed by Digital Equipment Co.
Limited under licence from MicroPro International
Corporation and may not be copied in whole or in
part, for any purpose, without the written permission
of MicroPro International Corporation, 33 San Pablo
Avenue, San Rafael, California 94903, USA.

This document was initially typed, corrected, and edited using
‘

WordStar word processing.

Copyright (c) 1981 by MicroPro International Corporation. All Rights
Reserved Worldwide. This publication has been provided pursuant to an
agreement containing restrictions on its use. The publication also is

protected by federal copyright law. No part of this publication may
be copied or distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, manual,
or otherwise, or disclosed to third parties without the express
written permission of MicroPro International Corporation, 33 San Pablo
Avenue, San Rafael, California 94903 USA.

TRADEMARK

MicroPro, WordStar (Reg.), WordMaster (Reg.), MailMerge, DataStar,

SuperSort, CalcStar, SpellStar, StarBurst, StarInd X, and AllStar are
trademarks of MicroPro International Corporation.

DISCLAIMER

MicroPro International Corporation makes no representations or
warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically
disclaims any implied warranties of merchantibility or fitness for any
particular purpose. Further, MicroPro International Corporation
reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from
time to time in the content hereof without obligation of MicroPro
International Corporation to notify any person or organization of such
revision or changes.

References are made throughout this manual to the Control Program for

Microprocessors, commonly known as CP/M.

Digital Research of Pacific Grove, California.

CP/M is a trademark of

|=0

This page intentianally left blank

Contents

Introduction
An Overview
of Wordstar

1-1

The Editing Function

1-1
1-1
1-2

Video Editing

Autamatic
Disk Buffering

On—-Screen
Text Formatting
Powerful Editing Cammands

1-2

1-2
1-3
1-3
1-3

Flexible Find and Replace Commands
Help System

Dynamic
Page Break Display

Pmmm&atxmmxalcfifflmfl:?ammm

1-3
1-4
1-4

QMaFrfimumg'ammmimn
Page Formatting

1-4
1-4

Pagination Control
Special Effects

1-4

1-5

Microspace Justification
Operator Options
The MailMerge Option
Merging Text
Data Files
Nested and Chained Printing
Screen Display
and Input
Printing Multiple Copies
Print-Time Formatting
Print-Time Conditionals
Additional WordStar Features

1-5
1-5
1-5

1-6

1-6
1-6

1-7
1-7
1-7

eyboard Bufferi

Cmmmmfifintrmffififig

1-7

Compatibility
File Cmmpatflbllity

2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-2

- Printer Cbmpatlbzlxty
EasyInstallation

The Teminal
The Screen
The Cursor
Highlighting
Insert and Delete a Line
The Reyboard
Other Camponents
The Disk Drives
The Rest of the Computer
The Operating System

2-2

2-3

2-3
2-4
2-4
2-4

iii

Contents

Piles and Diskettes: Part 1
Files
Text Files
|
Documents and Files
Structurof
e a Text File

The Importance of Saving Text
Naming Files
Name and Type

Drive Name
Choosing File Names

Diskettes and Files
The Logged Disk Drive
Diskette Capacity
File Sizes
File Backup

Files and Diskettes: Part 2
Setting Up Diskettes

Wordstar Installation

WordStar Files
Setting Up aWordstar System Diskette

Work Diskettes

Changing Diskettes
|
The Simple and Safe Rule
The WordStar Exception
File Changes During Editing
Saving a Document
Restoring
the Backup File
Summary of Backing Up
a File
File Update
in Detail

4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-2

4-2
4-2
4-2
4-3

4-4
- 4-4
4-5

Editing a Document
Line Forming
Margins
Line Spacing
Justification

5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-2

Forming a Line
Word Wrap
Reforming a Paragraph

5-2

5-2
5-3
5-3
5-4
5—4

Carriage Retums
Spaces

Hyphenation

Summary of Reforming

Printing a Document
Print Formatting
Pagimation
Special Effects

6-1
6-1
6-1
6-1

Other Printing Features
PrintControl Characters

6-2
6-3

Dot Camands.
Dynamic Page Break Display

6-4

Contents

Teminals Sumted

Standard Installation

Special Installation
On Request

Special Versions
Under Consideration
NotSupported
,

M
)

A-1

A-1
A~-2

A-2
A-3
A-3

Formats Supplied by MicroPro and Lifeboat

B-1

Formats Supplied by MicroPro O.E.M.s

Formats Supplied by Lifeboat
C

B-2

Printers Supported

Specialty Printers

C-1

Teletype~-Like Printers

C-1

Illustrations

Typical Screen Display
The Help Menu

Typical Keybcard
Sample Backup Procedure

Word Wrap

|
|

1-1

1-3

2-3
4-4

5-2

This Page Intentionally Left
Blank

8action'1

Introduction

tar is a mmwri ,,m word-processing awtm with integrated xinting.
Bot:h initial entry oftext and alteration of
eviol 1yentered are dis-

played directly on the mmmfl ‘Most fmmatunq fumtiom twm placa

diately, rmultinq in the display of a true print image; additional enhan
.S

are

formed Ming ptintmt.

'mmMai

mtion adm mm lettm:

dislmtte. mturw of the edit functimn imlude video
mfmring, on-screen text fo-tfl.n, powerful editing;
dynamic page hmak

oma

tic
ib;

,lay, pwcim mntwl

Video Editinq
A portion of the document being entered or cor rmtm is always shown on the
terminal screen;

additima and ccrrections are immediately dmplayed.
Text
entry is acoomplished merely by typing the desired text; command functions
mmh w cursor motion or deletion of text are quickly accom1wma with visual

(

A:TEST.DOC
PAGE 1 LINE 1 OOL1
< <<

MAIN

|
“E lme
*
*

rraliscel lanecus

‘X l.mxe M
up
*
Scrolling

ep
“Z linu

C screen up

"W line down

‘R screen down |

WordStar
is a mmm-@rmntm woermMg mtm
with
integrated printing.,
Both initial entry of text and alteration

of text previously entered are displayed dirmtly on the sCreen.

\Mmt formatting functions take place N

Section

Introduction

Auxtamatic Disk Buffering
The size of a document is not limited by the amount of random access memory
(RAM)
1in your computer,
but by disk capacity.
Text is brought into RAM as

‘required, with no operator J.nterventmn or concern.
On-screen Text Formatting

Text
1is
displayed on the screen as it will appear when printed,
thereby
facilitating review and correction before printing.
On—-screen text formatting
is accamplished
with the aid of these features: word wrap; autamatic margina-

tlan, Justlficataan, line apaaing, and centexlng, and paragraph re-form.

agraphs may be enterad at hmgh speed W1thout striking the RETURN key.
When
a word exceeds the right margin, WordStar autamatically moves the word being
entered to the next line and justifies and redisplays the line just completed.
The RETURN key is used only to indicate the end of a paragraph, blank line, or
other point where a permanent line break is desired. The typist need not break
rhythm to think about the end of the line,
nor feel the necessity
of 1looking
up fram the material being entered,

With word wrap in effect, each completed line is autamatically adjusted to fit
the
left and right margins,
justified (right-aligned) unless the user has
selected ragged-right format, and, optionally, double-spaced or triple spaced.
A line of text can be centered between the current left and right margxns wath
a keystroke command.

Text from the cursortg251tlon to the end of the paragraph may be
"re-formed"
on camand to change
margins or line spacing,
to change Iram ragged right

L0 justified or vice versa, or to clean up after alterations.

In addition to the basmc functzonfiwmcursom mmtmon, scrolling,
text deletion
by character,
word, or line, and selection of insertmmn or overtypmngww
WordStar's editing commands include the follawung

1-2

set or clear a variable tab»mtopwmordxnary or demxmal

move, Copy, Or delete a bloc}

Sset or

find or find and replace text

& o) n: 3l
write to and read fram

move to a paace;mmxker

Section 1

Introduction

aftmm a flh@tt wwuaw gyfi‘”ww;

Eimmuflayamuamttmfllwflplgwm
i
m (
B m% rwfi

mwlga:
!?Fhwm;uxmmmhm
ds
y
an
r
comm
ta
n
DOrdido

<@zwm

changes to show all fimmmandm thmt begin with the key just entered*
- explanations of various topics can be called up at will,
by .
mup!umu(smmntmmm.

suums:un@

' Ruler line

Mflmfinwamfitha
fiMmanmmhmm

Additiomal
the

mm&m%flfl

?@yp "X Block

,g; at pmflntmut are
layout or page break @osltymns‘

Pmmfinm(mmuwatfifmmn:mmmnt

ffmutmfl':tmewmwdempcmM~mngnzaf,;

gymwp&ep mf text is entered with two space
s after periods,
f
”w%ln thzmugh the xnmtmal‘wuw@ ww»u@and any
later rafowwwms.
2V

autammtic

afterwards.

fonmwttinq fi&atur@m can b@ alter%x@

IUJszaMuncfmermzcwxbeénmuflmh‘

Introduction

Section 1

Byphen-Belp

Wordswr

can identify desirable places to divide a word between lines with a
At each occurence, the operator may decide whether to WP “mte, and

optmna.lly adjust the hyphen position.

yphens

/phen-Helpinmrw

which do not print if moved to mid-line by Later reforming.
Moving Text and Wide Documents

Wordstar allows you to move either an ordinary block of text or a column of
For documents more than 8¢ colums wide, Wordstar alao
text, as in a table.,
allows horizontal mmllinq of tm in either dirmtion.
THE PRINTING FUNCTION

Wordstar's. pzintmg function is used to
print documents which have been entered

and saved on diskette with the edit |
The prmt function features MNE
function.
| cmmrmt printing — one document may @&

printed while

another is beinq

@ditm. - Print formatting features include page formatting, pagimti ' control,

special

effects,

microspace

justifimtion, and omratm: optionm

Paqe Formatting

Each page is vertically formatted with top mrgin,

variable

head:

footing texts, page number, and bottam margin. The page size and max:gms may
be specified with "dot commands” inserted in the document; defaults make such
ification unneccessary for typical cases. The heading and feoting may be
ed as many times as desired throughout the document.

The page number appears by default at bottam mnter, but may be plaoed at tm,
bottam, 1left, center,right, or alternatine left and right via specif:.catims
in the heading and/or footing texts. The page

desired, or suprressed completely.

may

>er

number

Pagination Omtml

Page breaks occur whmever the page is full, or in rwmnm to mmrflitional B

Jonditional page
page or conditional page directives in the documen
directives allow specifying that a.group of lines is to print together, at the
top of the next page if they will not fit the current page. Use of these
mmands will prevent maopriate pmgebre"“s without the mcwmty cf
explicitly readjusting page ends every time C anges are made in thedmwmnt. |
Page breaks are shown on the screenduring editmg

Section

\
or

ho:

your choice

number

~_g_fi¢$lflrjllf‘_

af ]immspm:immm”: .

=g Kol P

Introduction

temate

features:

Ptfilt @raflfln can m ;n 2d Or amrtm at my tim m@
B
bmu@%flmfmmmfl,vmeflMu'mrnmtaum“-#xtzistmmmgamumd~

ters
tely

and

provides

M=a1
3

mM&H‘w‘“ hw
ul
e

c
abov
r
e)
i
ex
b
cept
e
th
d
e

addition

capabi

lities

l1-5

Section

Introduction

Merging Text

MailMerge can

insert variable information into a document and autamatically

print a copyfor each.set of data. _For. mcamla, a personalized letter can be

produced for eachname
: nd address on a mailing list.
The letter is prepared
with the editfunc.:twnm,the usual manner, with imbedded directives added to
control the mrgmgn . The information to be inserted commonly comes fram a
"data file"; altermteiy,
the operator may be queried for variable information, or values may be set at the begmmng of a docwmnt for insertion at

multlple places :m the decument.

mta

Pflm

Data files mntain.mg mailmg lists or other mfomat.:.m to be inserted mtm
documents by MailMerge may be prepared with WordStar's edit function or with
MicroPro's screen—orienteddata entry program,- DataStar. The compatible for-

mtused also allows genemtwn of chta f:.le& by pmgrmm ‘written in EASIC or
Nested and mnm Printing

One document may invoke another docmaent file by name durmg printaut.
"Boiler plate” paragraphs used in many decuments can be recorded on separate
files and invoked fram as many documentsas desired; insertion of variable

mformtmn ‘and mfommttmg may be performe duringprintout of the

invoked

file.
A largedo ument. that is mamtmned on multxpl@ files may be printed
w1th a smgle operator.request thmughthe use of a ontrol file mntammq
I
mands to invoke printaut of the various sections.
Screen Display and Input

tor on the screen durmg prmtout; and to request operatcar mput of varxle
information.

Printing Multiple Copies

A ocommand may be imbedded in a document to cause
repetition

data file.

repeated pwmt.x.ng.

‘Such

also xcurs automatically when variable information is read fram a

In addition, the operator may request multiple—copy printing when

MailMerge is invoked. The operator«-requwted multiple-copy printout camplements that invoked by commands in the file, to permit producing (for example)
two or more wpms of each letter printed frcma mmllng list.

The

foming

WordStar's

information

text

may

into lines,

edit function,

- mrgms as necessary.

normally

inserted in mn.d»mragrmh~
|

text

entry

Man.lMerge w:Lll

rea.hm

done

is also performed by

during

MailMerge.
|

with

Thus, wvariable
:

the

Section 1

Introduction

wordfitar al lows ymto write conditioral statements to control printing of a
dac
IMeE

These statements may be campounded and may ontain arithmetic and

If the operator types faster than the screen display can respord,
the keystrokes are saved until they can be processed.
Alsm SCreen updating is
usually suspended until WordStar catches up with - all the keystrokes.
Thus,
the operator can enter text or type cammands at high speed,

then

pause

when he/she wishes to see the latest screen

dimplay.

The

exception to this is during disk I/0,
which is indicated by a message at
top of the screen as well as the uswal naise fram the disk drive.

only
‘the

While WordStar hw many options and user-set quantities,
all are set to gen—
erally useful values at startup.
For example, the laft margin is at colum 1,

the right margin is at colum 65 and there are tab stops every 5 colums.
page paper length defaults to 66 lines long for namal 11

inch

formms,

The

with

margina at the top and bottan.
Thus, Wm:dStw: can be used initially without
ven
knowing how to changethese variables,
and
will mrely be need to
chmge more than a few of them for a typical docume
¢

This Page Intentionally
Left Blank

Section

System

Requirements

Sa?tion‘Z

System Requirements

CGHPATIBILITY

The disk files used by Wordstar for dacnenm are standard CP/M text files,
with very minor addition
a
s; "non-document”
edit mode is availa
to suprress
ble
even the minor differences.
thlfurmattinq fwmwwwévvv ch as word wrap,
juatificatiou, a.nd Mtt Dle |
can be individuall enabled and disabled.

well as a aelfwcan;1nad*wordpzaceaa:hgayatamfi}j/z

pWOQI*H aourcm,filaw, to bmput filaanar other tamtfwwmw”W

3eo bosz rfl 16 X 64 or Mrgm that hm a cumwf

ww\flmm;naammew&aam.acm.=«~'

ice

under CP/M

If the CRT has line insert and line delete functions,

used for split screen uwwata aftax changwm in the tmmx@
hithighting math au
1,

1 “’ a

; ‘;

w~—«;21“’:‘lmsn
vi a m/M’3 '1

via diwct hardwmm I/O matmcti s issued bv WordsS
similar prinmm are supported when used
interface board.

printdiffexmtlyonnon-incremental pri

will be

If the CRT has
a
the highlighting

;

Section 2

‘

System Requirements

It is possible to use a fast printer for drafts and a daisy wheel for finished
copy with no special considerations other than creating two versions of
Wordstar installed for different printers.
,,

EASY INSTALIATION

The INSTALL program supplied with WordStar allows easy menu selection of any
of about twenty commonterminal types and of one of thefollowmg printers

(see Appendices A, B, and C for complete lists):

Diablo 1618/1628/1648/1658

Q-e Sprint 5

NSpmwiter 5518/5528

'OEM

daisy wheel ptint.er (Diablo Hy—'l‘ype Iy Qume

SSMD)

mnnected to ea.ther a Mlcropro "I/O Master” mterfam board

' [like minter:

Oper:a.twn of the INSTALL program is descr med in the Installatinn Hanml
Installation for unusual terminals,

"patching” the program.

video boards,

and

printers is handled by

Extensive provisions have been made for user patching

to accomodate various console and printer devices, as well as to customize
other features. Such modifications are discussed in the Installation Manual.

The Screen
'I'he screenis capabm of dwplayinq at l@wt 16 lims of 64 charmtew, 24
lines of 8@ cha'fis»actem is a common size. We will refer to the leftmost

character position on each line as "column 1", and the rightm@st character

position as "the right-mostcolumn” sinmthe ctual number ofcolumns on the
screen varies from terminal to terminal

The CQursor
The cursor indicates where the next character will appear on the screen.

Depending cm the terminal, the cursor may appeax: as a rectangle, triangle, or
underlme,

ind may or m y notblink.

Many terminals have same way of makmg certain text stand out on the screen.

common method is to um bright and dim dmplay,‘another is inverse vimm

wh&rwy the characters to be differe .}rtmtm am blmk n a white background

instead of white on ablack baakqmund..«« «
hmhliqhtmg methods and WordStar is installe
highlighting to distinguishmenusand er mr
cate text in the document that has

inal has one of these
- WordStar will use
m text, and to indi|

Section

System

Many terminalfis hwe speci

Requirements

m" inmrtmg a

Cree

If Wur t&rmml hm these Mmbilimw and Wm:

nes below up

down.

a. isflwx‘."mctly installed to

use them, WordStar will use split screen upward and downward acrollinq to

achieve rapid screen update as text is edited or scanned

fiadditional key@.

ment

and label

ng of km varies ftmnkeybmrd ta

eyboard. A picture of a tymca.l keymam showing all k@yfi that are essential

for kwboazd arranwmenw of wecial wmmm sum as the TRS-»M Mwel
I)

The CTRL key
iumd like a shift key tm enter the control chamctem

(control-A thmugh control-Z).
down while typing the letter.

To type
a control chamcter ’/holdthe
In this mmml,

that m, A means contmlwfl, typ

Nm:e that the space bar is for entm:ing spaces.

cannot use the space bmr to !nove oves

Unlike on a typewmter, you

“Mtem alm‘dy on

een

2-3

Section 2

System Requirements

A number of additional keys may be present, including:

same as Bx use with WordsStar for backspacing
same as Iz use with Wotdm for tmbing
|
mmew J..;‘

Some terminal keyboards have four cursor mtion keys with arrows minting in

four directions; these can be activated for erm through special installation procedures (Installation Manmual).

Many terminals have a REPEAT key which may be held down along with another key
to type that character mntinwmaly: other temim auto-repeat any character
whose key is held m

The Disk Drives

In addition to the termiml,

use has one or

more disk drives into which diakettu may be inserted for £ ilestorage. ToO
use Wordstar, you should know how to load diskettes into your particular

Before beginning extensive entry of documents, you should have a
drives.
supply of blank diskettes, Also, rmmbex that you cannot chwe diskettes
indiscriminately while using Woxdmfl-—fi2
appropriate ti

diskette in a drivewill be

ind

Wordm

wt:ex: mm not.

mderatwd to make effective use of

We will ocmsionally refer to mrm of the computer such as "RAM"

(random access memory) for the better understanding of those familiar with
such termm if such words are all &edc to you,
don't be concerned.

Wordfim ope:atw
cP/lland a fwother mra '
system is used by ,Wm'dm: to maintain files of da

diskette,

and

user for a number of utility functions. (Files are discuwefi in Sections 3

and 4.) After tuming yourmmputar on, you must start ("bootTM) your operaystem

Det

. Refer to your
n invoke
n eor 'booting"‘directions,

computer or opera-

When you turn on your computer and boot CP/M, the syatem 8 cunaole command
processor” (probably mfexredto as the CCP in your system manuals) is

invoked It prompts with "A>" ‘and waits foryou to enter a command.
Wordstar can then be callad up by typing'ws* and

pressing carriage return, as

There are also a number of CP/M commands ('oomole commandsTM which can be
given at this point.

Functions performed by CP/M commands needed in con-

junction with WordsStar use include:

Determining the amount of amce left on a diskette (STAT command in
most systems).

Section 2

System Requirements

Making a copy of a file on anothe

PIP may be used to make backup copies of document
diskettes (Section 4). mmam@y
O use m * 2P
files (refer to the Refer
Ref
L
L

2-5

Section
4

System

This Page Intenticnally
Left Blank

Requirements

Section 3
Files and limk@ttaaz

Part 1

PILES

Understanding the nature of a file is imortant to w«» the apemtwn
of WordStar.
Since we will refer to files frequently, we will discuss t
and relatw concepts before proceeding.

What is a file? A file is a cal n of
name, on a diskette.
axt f£iles

W‘Y limr and0 on diskette.

Whm yw mter a

Ganemlly, we will

refer to the tex aJ.

swmlly, of cwrm, what v

"file". For example,

hé

as a separate flle,
a
commo
1sed x.mg1
h (less than a ‘ C f
be stored on a separate f 11e far ter retriwal fm:' ‘inclusion in future dmu-

apace chmmter is stored in the file.

At the endofeacth “lim, whem yau

wguld return the carrmga,t;hamis a "carriage return” character stored in
the file.
L

There really is a ”chaxamerfm:“’ cm:flria_

ref u:r:nff thatfi lfistomd

toqath&r, you delete the cmrim@ return” at the endof the £-«"'semts- .y

line. If you command the cursor to back up from the beginning of a
line, the cursor goes to the md af the pmced ing line.
|

| (Tef:hnically speaking, ,f;axj}ffiare are two charactem, called ' mzriwe
return” and

"line feed", between lines of a text file.

Since

WordsStar automatically mam.pulates the line feed along with the
carrlaqe return, the user need not be aware of the second character
except in a few specific contexts which will be mentioned later.)

Section

Files

and

Diskettes

A file is the only nomephemeral storagin
e the computer.
Text entered into
WordStar (or modification
to previously entered text) is permanently filed
only when the operator gives one of WordStar's save command
s, For example, if

you enter text then turn off your computer without saving, the
text will be

gone when you turn the computer on again.

Sawve your documentl

NAMING PILES
A file is identified by a "name"; this name is typed wheneve
r the file is
referred
to, (e.g., to determine its size, edit it, or print it). A name is
chosen for a file when it is created. The name may be changed with
a CP/M
system command (REN) or with the WordStar rename command (see "No~-File
Commands," Reference Manual).
|
o

As describe d in detai
in
l your operating system documentation, a file name

contains up to three parts: the primar
y part is a name consisting of one to

eight letters and/or digits (most punctuation characters can also be
used).

Lower case letters may be typed in, but they are taken as equivalent to upper case letters.
This name can optionally be followed by a period and one to

ee more characters called the "type" or "extension", Commonly, type DOC is
for
documents to distinguish them from other files, but blank (omitted)

The third part of a file name, a drive letter, is optional.
It is entered
first and separated from the rest of the name with a colon. This letter, A or

B {or Cor D if you have more drives) specifies the drive (A or B) containing
the diskette for the file,

Examples:

When no letter is included in the file name, the file name is assumed to be on
the drive currently logged.
|

A file name
as we have just described it may be referred to as an "u

file

name® or "ufn in your system Gocumentation.

any way Jou wish, ‘provided the same name and type are
File names may in beusechosen
for another file on the same diskette, except that you

not already

should not use

type "BAK“ (backup).

the file contents.

Choose something that helps you remember
7

Section 3

Files and Diskettes

e
name is mterw.
is $tnrted¢ The 1

drive may m Ganged

it cmlm to the com.

mmanc | ,te :,«,%mm ’ m with

fordStar
commands (described later).
mpl
with fflw
a diaket:w in wm B, yw

change the logged mm to B to eliminate the

drivea.

need

m toview|

ogged driveto drive B

all files onthedi@kett@, ineludinq mn—-text f 11% such as the erdstar
program or PIP or

STAT

as well as your documents.

The

exact number of charac-

ters varies with the diskette type and fiyst@m, an m:dimry 8-~inch singleensity IBM-compatible flmmtte will hold a total of 241K (243,892) characters
on most systems. The total number of files is also limited (sometimes to 64),
but unless you use very ert fllw, the total number of characters is the

limiting factor.

If a diskette gets full, it may be impossible to save a document that has just
been entered or corrected. It is not permissable to change diskettes after
entry or correction of a file has b@gun,

so check your disk space

command in most systems) before commencing entry or correction.

diskette you are us

doesn't have lots of extra space on it,

(STAT

If the

start another.

A printed page of text usually contains two or three thousand characters;

the

exact size of course depends on the line length, number of lim, and number
of blank lines. A system consale command is available (STATfilenam
systems) to display the current size of a given file.

While you are learning WordStar, you will probably work with files of moderate
size——several pages only.
With such fn.lem, it is prudent to keep empty space
on the diskette equal to twice the size of your largest document.
When the
space gets less than this, start a new diskette; if you are going to be adding
to existing files, move same of them to the new diskette.

For large files, of course, it may not be practical tm keep this much space,
as the file may be bigger than a third the capacity of a diskette.
We recommend that, when practical, large documents be divided into several files of
moderate size.

For example,

each chapter of a bock might be a separate file.

We will discuss lax:g@ file considerations further in the Reference Manual.

Section

Files

and

Diskettes

File Backup
Prudent data processing practice includes keeping
additional copieof
s all

d&ata.

This permits recovery if a file is destroyed by any unforeseen circum—

Stances

such as

computer breakdown,

power failure,

accidentally deleting the

wrong file, spilling a cup of coffee on the diskette, etc.

In microcomputer word processing, the best method of backup is to make a copy

of the file on a different diskette, then remove this diskette and store it
safely. Any time you have invested considerable effort in correct

ing or up~

dating
a file, exit from WordStar and make another backup. Be sure to label

your backup diskettes carefully - next time you go to use the document
, you
will want to be sure you can identify the latest version!
|
B

Files may be copied in most systems with a command called "PIP"; refer to your
system documentation. WordStar also has
a file copy command that will be
described later. Some systems have
a command with a name such as DISKCOPY
that makes and verifies a copy of an entire diskette; if this is available, it
is the best method due to the verification.

Orderly and regular backup procedures take little effort and will save much
or diskette loss ever occur. Back up your files!

grief should a file loss

FPiles

Section 4
and Diskettes:

Part

'SETTING UP DISKETTES

Initmlizmg dwketm rmuirw greater mdemtmding of the operating system
canmands than other aspects of WordStar use. In some installations, a single

individwal m ay learn this process, and make a supply of initialized diskettes
for use by a number of typists, who will then nwd only to understand the
operation of W@tdsm proper. Be sure, however, tokeep extra initialized
diskettes at hand and make sure all operators
how to monitor the empty
space on their dmkettm

If you don't

have a copy of WordStar installed to work with your
printer, refer to the Inmallatifm nmml befcre attempting to
initialize a dxsketta or to use WordStar

The WordStar program consists of the following files:
WS.CM

Maln Program.
WordStar.

The program loaded when you call up

In order to call up WordStar, you must have

thm file on the diskette inthe drive ymx call it from
(normally A).
(You can select another name during instal-

thn.

WSMSGS .OVR

For details, see the Inmtallatwn Hm al.)

Message Pile.

'mw text of all WordStar messages and

menus.
This file should always be on-line when WordStar
is in use. WSMSGS.OVR may be on the diskette in drive A,

or in the diskette in the logged drive (if other than A)-—WordStar will find it either place.
WSOVLY1.OVR

Overlay FPile.
WordStar overlays.
This file oontains
elements of the WordStar program, and must be om-line at
all times in order to use WordStar.

MailMerge Pile (Optional).

uailnm:ge overl ays..

file, which must bepresent on the
the optiomal Mailuexgem nd, is
s

morde:

This

You will normally want to put the following on each WordStar working diskette:

The "system image”: the portwn of the operating system read into
RAM whenever the sys
boots or warm-restarts (this includes when

WordStar exits to the ayatem}.

This is not a file, but is on a

reserved area of the diskette, copied from one diskette to another
with a special, system—dependent program sometimes called SYSGEN.
4-1

Section 4

Files and Diskettes

The files for any "transient” CP/M cammands you wish.
STAT.COM and PIP.COM for all diskettes.

We recammend

The files required by WordStar:
a.

WS.00M, the WS program (as produced by the "installation”
procedure, described in the Installation Manual).

WSMSGS.OVR, the WordStar message text file.

WSOVLYl.OVR, the WordStar overlay file. This file must always
be on the diskette in the logged drive, or on the diskette in
drive A.
We recommend that you keep a diskette containing all
three of these files in drive A whenever you use WordStar.

MAILMRGE.OVR (optiomal).

This file should

always be on the diskette in drive A, or on the diskette in the
logged driV@«w
|

This file must be present on the dis-

kette in drive A (or in the logged drive)
WordStar's MailMerge capability.
D

in order to use
|

In most systems, files (items 2 and 3) are moved with the CP/M utility program
PIP; refer to your operating system documentation.
Once your WordStar is

installed, a WordStar cammand may also be used

to move files.

‘

A diskette in drive B can be used for document file storage only.

It need

have none of the above items on it (provided WSMSGS.OVR and WSOVLY1.OVR
are on
the diskette in drive A), making its entire capacity available for document
starage.
(However, it is often to include items 2 and 3 for convenience.)

Note

For WordStar to aperate. there must always be a diskette in drive A,

and also in the logged drive if other than A

The Simple and Safe Rule
Change diskettes only when the system
is ready to aceept a command (A> or B>
prampt), and after changing diskettes type control-C (°C).
Don't forget the

"C!

Changing diskettes at the wrong time, such as when

or printing a file,

or forgetting the cntrol-C results

WordStar is editing

in errors under some

versions, and destroys existing files under other versions.
systems, "C is unnecessary, but it does no harm.

Under certain

When WordStar is running, diskettes may be changed if WordStar
is neither
editing a file nor printing.

the screen,

4-2

The no-file menu (described later) must be on

and printing must be inactive.

“C is not used in this case.

Section 4

Files and Diskettes

Used with caution, this exception is a mnvenience: it makes it unnecessary to
re-invoke WordStar to edit a file on a different diskette, and eliminates the
need to have WS.COM take up diskette space when working with large files,

There is no general provision for -changing diskettes in the midst of an edit.

‘Make sure you have plenty of working space on your diskette before invoking

WordStar.

When initiating editing with WordStar, the operatcr enters a file name.
This
may be the name of an existing file to be altered, or the name of a new file
into which text is to be entered. The processes of altering an existing document and entering a new document are the same in WordStar, except of course
that the new document starts ocut empty.
|
'*

Saving
a Document
When an existing document is edited,

the changes are entered temporarily into

an ephemeral working document; no change is made in the permanent diskette
storage until one of WordStar's save commands is given. When you save the

decument,

the previcus version of the file is changed to type

and the contents of the working document are filed

evious version (see the illustration below under

"BAK"

(backup),

under the file name of the

"Sum

For example, if you edit a previous*ly entered file named LETTER.DOC, after
saving it the new version will be on the original file name (LETTER.DOC) and
the version of the document that existed before the edit will now be called

When a new document is entered, the text goes into the working document as it
is entered and is permanently recorded on diskette only when a save cammand is
given. After saving the first time, the entered text will be on the specified
file name. There will be no BAK file since there was no prior version.
- To review, the working document is the version of the document containing
changes and additions made during editing.
The original file is not altered

until you give a save command (and even then the original version is kept,
with type BAK).
If the edit is interrupted for any reasom—-operator cammand,
power failure, etc.~-the working document is lost and the criginal file is
unchanged (non—existent for a new file).

The most important point about the working document is its transitory nature:
working document text is not permanently recorded on diskette until you save

it. Save your document! For convenience, WordStar contains a "save and reedit” command which does a complete save, then initiates editing of the file
just saved. Use of this command periodically during long edit sessions is
highly recommended.

4-3

Section 4

Files and Diskettes

Restoring the Backup File

Alternately, if you make changes in a dacmnent, then decide before saving that

you want the original kept, you may use WordStar's abandon command as des-

cribed later.,
This command discards the working document, leaving the original file unchanged.

If you discover after saving that you made drastic errors while editing file
LETTER.DOC, you may recover the prior version by using operating system commands to copy or rename LETTERBAK to LETTERDOC, or by using WordStar's "read
additional file" cammand.
Note that only one prior version is kept.

If you want to keep a version

mdeflmtely, make a copy on another file name--say LETTER.(LD or LETTERSM1.
If the "save and re-edit" command is used during an edit, the BAK £ile (upon
completmn) will be the wversion at the last "save and reedit”,

Summary

‘

We have made three important points in the above paragraphs:
1.,
~

Disk files aren't changed at all until a save cammand is given,
any work not saved will be lost.

and

When an existing file is edited and saved, the new version is filed
under the original primary name and tym

When an existing file is edited and saved, the pmvimw version is

filed under the original primary name and type BAK,

Working
Document

in RAM

TEXT.DOC

(Disk File)

(TEXT. DOC)

TEXT. BAK

(Disk File) w

Sample Backup Procedure

Section 4

Files and Diskettes

File Update in Detail

We will now describe the implementation of the working document and the file

changes which occur when a file is edited in a more precise and technical
manner, and point cut implications for large documents.
(New and nom-technical readers may skip the rest of this section).

Dur ing an edit, the working document is stored in RAM and, for large documents, on temporary disk files that are created and erased automatically.
Initially, the beginning of the original (input) document is read from disk
into RAM for display and possible modification. As you proceed through the
document, additional text is autamatically read as required.
If and when the
capacity of your RAM is reached, some of the text from the beginning of what

is in RAM is autamatically written to a temporary output file.

Upon saving, the rest of the text is copied to this temparary file. Then, any
existing BAK file is deleted, the input file is renamed to type BAK, and the
temporary file is renamed to the file name being edited, thus becaming the
output file.
If you move the cursor backwards through the file over more characters than
are contained in RAM (the number of characters RAM will hold depends on how
much RAM you have), text is read back from this temporary output file, and, if
necessary, text from the end of that in RAM is written to another temporary
file. This backing up operation is logically transmarent, but it is slow and
uses extra diskette space for the additional working file.
Thus, large files can be edited most rapidly and with minimum diskette smace
requirements by working forward through the file, fram the beginning to the
end. To move from near the end to near the beginning, use a "save and reedit”

command ("KS) as described later.

Saving is a relatively quick operation

because, if the cursor is near the end of the document when the save command
is given, much of the text is already in the tempcrary file which is renamed
to become the cutput file.

4-5

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Section 5
Editing a Document

This section introduces the concepts and terminology relating to WordStar's

on-screen farmatting.

’

Sectwn 6 dwcxibw thom concepts that apply to
of th
ed
mmands and print directives

Descriptions

LIN:

Here we will introduce WordStar's on-screen line formatting features, word

wrap and paragraph reform, and define a number of terms used when discussing
WordStar.
h
Margins
WordStar uses leftand

rightmargins that detemim whem on the page the text

apm:s and how long the lines are. Like a typewriter, the left margin and
right margin are set to the desired columns; the difference between them
determines the lme length
wy default, the left margin is column 1 and the
right margin iscolumn 65, commands for
Iater..
-

changing the mrgins will be described
|

Line Spacing
WordStar allows you to set single,

double,

tnple,

or greater

line spacing;

the default is single.
Justification

"Justified" text has additional spaces inserted between the words to make the
rlght end of each line in a paragraph come out exactly at the right margin;

"ragged right" text does not have these spaces.
The bulk of this manual is an
example of "justified" text; this particular paragraph is ragged right to
provide an example of the dlffemm:e.
fault,

but

may

ragged right,

e.g.

turned

WordStar‘a Juflta.fmation is on by Ge-

produce

ragged

for cor rmmxdence wm‘"‘

wthey wish to appear hand-typed.

Note

Justified text is alws displayed on the screen with whole spaces

inserted to achieve justification; this leads to uneven word
spacing.
However, if you have a daisy wheel printer capable of
incremental spacing a
dStar is properly installed for it, the
printed copy m.ll be mxcu“m justified” with the white space
added evenlythroughout the line.
Margins, line spacing, and justification are all applied automatically by
WordStar to text as it is entered, or umn ommand to previously entered text.
We will refer to this process as formingthe text; and will describe the
process in more detail.

Section

Editing

Document

Porming a line

Given a collection of words,

follows:

WordStar forms a “"line" in the document as

Establishes the left margin: inserts the necessary number
of Smces
to move from column 1 to left margin column.

Places as many words as fit on the line, If all the words fit, then

this is a partial line and WordStar stops here. Otherwise,
the excess words for later lines and does steps 3 and 4.

saves

If justification is on, adds spaces between words to align right

margin.,

Adds a carriage return to the end of the line--or two for double
spacing,

three for triple spacing,

and so on.

Word Wrap

When word wrap is on (as it is by default), lines are automatically formed
as
text is entered by the operator.
The operator types words, without using the
return key within a paragraph.
On the first keystroke, indentation to the
left margin occurs; whenever text is typed beyond the right margin, a line
is

“formed" as described, and the partly-typed word that did not fit on the line
is moved down to the next screen line and over to the left margin.
This all
happens automatically; the operator just keeps typing, and the lines form
on
the screen as they will print,
|

REFORMING A PARAGRAPH

A document is a changing entity.
After entry, one usually makes revisions and
corrections.
During entry, one can pause in typing, read the screen, and
immediately start rewriting. Or, one might want to change the margins or line
spacing of text already entered, or change text from justified to ragged
right
or vice versa.
Thus, WordStar must be able to "reform” text already entered,

Text is reformed by applying the line forming procedure described above
re-

peatedly until all words to the end of the paragraph have been formed into

lines. First, of course, all the spaces and carriage returns added by previous forming are removed.

5=2

Section 5

;

Editing a Document

This brings us to a very important point.
WordStar must know where the
paragraph ends.
When reforming, the words in a paragraph are regrouped,
frequently changing the line break points. However, the reforming process
must not continue across the end af a paragraph - the next paragraph must

in on a new line, even if the last line of thepreceding paragraph was not
full of words. The same situation occurs with tablem cmlumnar lists, etc:
the user wants the text in these divided into lines as originally entered;
WordStar should never remove the carriage returns between the lines of a table
or list.,
Similarly, user-entered blank lines should not be removed from the
document.

Thua, t:hare is the need to record in the f il@ mmwam, umwmtmed lme
ks

tha

rdStar will not alter when

reforming

breaks mmm linem in a paragraph, wmch are suppl iec

ordst

may be moved or removed as mcefimry dur ing the mforming of the paragraph
This distinction is

ermanent

and temporarycarrime returns.

Carriage Returns

A permanent (*hardTM) carriage return is a carriage return used at a point in

the file where the user wants a line bmak,‘as at the end of a paragraph or
between lines of a table. All permanent
("ha ") carriage returns are ewlw

citly entered by the user, uauallywith theRETURNkey.

Permanent carriage

returns are never moved or removed by Wordsmx'a reforming process.

The

presence of a permanent (or "hard") carriage return at the end of a document
line is indicated on the screen by a "<" in the rightmost cmlumn of the

screen.

A temporary ("softTM carriage return is a carriage return supplied by WordStar
in the process of forming lines, either under word wrap during text entry or

during paragraph reform upon user command. Temporary carriage returns will be
moved or removed freely by WordStar upon later reformation of the text; thus,

they should be present only between lines of a pamgraph or at other points
where the user does not want a fixed line break.

Thepresenceof a temporary

(or "softTM carriage ‘m'mrn at the end of a line is i mmd on the screen by

a blank rightmost

'm review, all mrriaqe returns suppl ied by WMM in the process of automaines are "soft” mx;r:;_ge

reforn

returns

and

may be moved or removed

.~i_@ returns entered by the

user are "hard" carriage returns (mdimted by < in the rightmost screen column) and will not be moved or removed except by an explicit editing command.

When entering text under word wrap, do not use the RETURN key between lines of
a paragraph, but da use the RETURN key wherever you want a fixed line break
(e.g., the end of a ragraph, between lines of a table, after headings and
tz.tlea, etc). To make a blank line (as between block paragraphs) press the

RETURN key a second tlme.

Spaces
WordStar also makes a distinction between the 9mce5 entered by the user and

the spaces supplied by the system:

5-3

Section 5

Editing

a Documént

A permanent ("hard") space is a space enter
ed into the file by the user, by
pressing the space bar.
Permanent (or "hard") spaces are never delet
ed by
Wordstar's reforming process.
|
|
DORARY

A temporary ("soft") space is a space suppli
ed by Wordstar in the process of
forming lines: the spaces to the left of
the left margin, and the spaces added

between words to achieve justification (when
justification is on).
All existing temporary (or "soft" spaces are delet
ed before a line is reformed, as an
insertion or margin change may reduce the number of
spaces needed.
WordStar never forgets spaces typed by the user.
Spaces that fall at the end
of a line are not visible, but they will reapp
ear if later reforming makes
them fall in mid line. User-entered spaces at
the beginning of a paragraph

(after a hard carriage return) are forced to the right of
the left margin,

like any other character.

When entering text under word wrap,

wherever you want a space, type a space.

For example, indented paragraphs can be form
ed
by pressing the space bar a
number of times just after pressing the RETUR
N key to end the previous paragraph. This will cause the first line of the
paragraph to be indented from
the left margin, i.e., a number of columns
more
than the rest of the paragraph.
et
A
Y
T
S
|

If you like two spaces after periods, type that
way, and WordStar will never
print the sentences closer than that. The
spaces may fall at the end of the
line when initially entered, but they will be rememb
ered. (The sentences may
also print farther apart, because of justification.
)
|
:
Hyphenation
WordStar has a "hyphen-help" feature that allows
you to hyphenate words when
reforming paragrapfor
hs better line gppearance.
When WordStar is reforming a

paragraph and encounters a word that will not
f it at the end of a line, a
prompt will be displayed to allow you to insert
a hyphen if desired before
continuing to reform the paragraph.
“WordStar will indicate a position for the
proposed hyphen; you may place the hyphen elsewh
ere within the word if you

prefer.

After the word has been hyphenate
or if d,
you

skip the hyphen,

instruct WordStar to

WordStar will continue reforming the paragraph.

may be turned on or off as desired.

Hyphen~Help
o

Summary of Reforming

Text that has been entered with the RETUR
N key used only at

blank lines,

paragraph ends,

and other fixed line breaks can be partially or
wholly reformed

at will to change the margins, line spacing,
or to change between justified
and ragged right format.
There is nothing done by word wrap as text
is

entered that cannot be redone as often
as desired by the paragraph reform
command.
Thus, one can initially concentrate on enteri
ng the text of a docu~
ment without regard to format; subse
quently, one can manipulate the margi
ns,
spacing, and justification to achieve the desire
d appearance.

5-4

~ Section
6
Printing a Document

PRINT PORMATTING

Section 5 demribed line forming, which is dne as text is entered and altemi
and is recorded in the file and visible on the screen. This section introduces the additiomal formatting operations done as text is being printed by
the mrint fmctinn. under the oontrol of optional print directives entered in
the file.

The print function divides the text into pages, and can add headings and page
numbers. Page breaks (both conditional and unconditional) can be specified by

the user where desired; otherwise the print function starts a new page when—
ever a page is full..

Since the appropriate placw for page breaks can chmge as text is added,
deleted,
or moved, the page breaks are not recorded in the file. Hwewr, the
plama where they will fall are displayed on the screen by the dynamis
display feature, described later in this section.
e
W Effects

)

Subscr ipts, mumrmxipts, boldface, underline, and other special printing
effectsare activated by special characters entered into the file befcre and
after the desired text. During editing, these characters display as control

characters; during printout, the print function responds appropriately to

produce the desired effect.

These features may thus be used freely in mid-

mragraph
— they fall through word wrap and paragraph reform with no special

user consideration; there is no need to manually alion the underline with the

text to be underlined, or to align the subscript with the space it prints in,

Changes in line height, character width, and riblon color, inscfar as suppor-

‘ted by your particular printer, can also be performed by the print function in
response to directives imbedded in the file.
User control of print formatting is accomplished via print directivesimbedded
m tlw
fu:fid &g:dsmr
hw two typw of print directives, print mm.ml

nt control dmrmtem are single—chmmter directives for functions such as
begin/end underline or change ribbon color; print oontrol characters can be
used freely in mid-word, mid-line and mld-m:agrmh.
Dot commands are special lines entered into the file for functions such as
setting the paper length, or specifying
a page heading, or causing a new page
to be bequn. All dot commands have defaults suitable for normal use.

Section 6

Printing

a Document

Print Control Characters

Print control characters are single-character commands entered into the file

to specify functions, including begin/end underline,
change ribbon color.
For example,

off if on.

begin/end strikeout or

a control-S character in the file turns underlining
on if off, or

To print

The word underline is underlined.
The word "P"Sunderline”P"S is underlined.
and see this displayed on the screen:

The word “Sunderline"S is underlined,

(where “S represents a control-S character--not a caret and an Sl
As described in more detail in the Reference Manual, a print
control character
is entered into the file by typing a special prefix (“P), then
the desired
Character. If typed without the prefix, control charact
ers perform editing
cammand functions.
|
As another example, a control-H character in the file causes
the the character

after the control-B to print in the same position as the character before
the

control-H.
This facility is useful for printing accent marks over letters,
used in a number of European lanquages.
To print
~
|

le dix-septiéme sidcle

‘

type the following:

le dix-septie”P"H'me sie"“P"H'cle
and see this displayed on the screen:

le dix-septie“H'me sie"H'cle

All the print control characters are described in the Reference Manual.
Print control characters can be used freely in mid~line and in mid-paragraph;

they are treated as other file characters and fall through word wrap and

paragraph reform with no special operator consideration.
When a paragraph is
reformed, the underlines, etc. move with the words; a phrase can be underline
d
with two “S's, one at the beginning and one at the end, It doesn't matter if
the end is on a different line from the beginning.
However,

the columns they occupy on the screen are disregarded in
forming

lines, since the characters themselves don't print.

paragraph contains an underlined word,

Thus,

if a line in a

that line will appear longer when

justified on the screen, because of the print controls
to start and stop
underline.
Each print control displays as an ~ and a letter.

6-2

Section 6

Printing a Document

Rot ¢
(
2 special lines entered into the fila for purposes such as
m@itmmmq tm th on the pape r:, setting the pagenumber, or starting a new
,

m‘w mt i]'] themsel ves print, but mntml the printing.
The
ef
uitable for normal use; you can begin using

andsat all.

The general form of a dot command begins with a period (hence the name), in
column 1 (i.e.,immediately after a carriage return), followed immediately by
a Zmlfittet code in uppe: or lower case identifying the function, optionally
ed by a number, text, or other argument depending on the particular

command. A numbar, if used, may be mmmted from the code by nothing, 1
space, or several spaces. Any
additional .tgxr. m mg
mcluding the next carriage retum} ia assSum
|
xrinted,

Here are three examples:

linfl (up to and
and is not

Indicates that a 5-line margin is to be used at the
top of each page

.HE Section II

Indicates t:hat "Secf.:mn II" m to bg p:ited at the

.CP 12

Full descriptions of all the individual dot commands wxll be given in the
Reference mmml. WordStar can be mitmlly learned using the default page

format.

mt:m

are being intru hem becz rum hey will be referred

juncmm withm mther t:hm mmrwm

Since dot ¢

m| mands invoke print

functions, they o not appear in the printout unless pri ft'formttim is sup-

pressed.

Dot commands are entered into the file like any other text, using the edit
function as will be described in the following sections.
Dot command lines
are not counted as lines in the page for page break determination, since they
do not print unless print formatting is suppressed.

The print function has no error messages for dot commands.
Unrecognized dot
command lines have no effect, and are not printed: they are assumed to be
comments.

However, unrecognized or incomplete dot commands are brought to

{oux: attention during editing with a "?" in the rightmst column of the screen
ine.

Avoid document lines intended for printout that begin with a period in column
l, as they will be taken as dot commands and not printed.
For example, be
sure that a space or other character appears before any ellipsis you use. A

"trick”TM to use in this case is to place control characters (such as “S”S) in

column 1.

printed.

The control characters will be dropped when your document is

(See the Reference Manual for details.)

6-3

Section

Printing

Document

Dynamic Page Break Display
Dynamic Page Break Display is

the ability to continually determine

and
display, -while the document is being changed, where
the page breaks will fall
during printing.
The pagination information is displayed in two ways:
the
Page and line where the cursor is positioned are displa
yed
the top line of
the screen, and the following display appears at each
page boundary:

-]
-

A page break is displayed wherever a full page would

occur on printout, and

wherever a page break is caused by an unconditio
nal page (.PA) or a conditional page (.CP) dot command.
‘
|

Dynamic page break display responds to those dot commands which influence the

number of lines printed on a page:

.LH (line height)

response is limited

MT' (top margin)

.PL (paper length)
However,

.MB (bottam margin)
to these commands at the very beginning of the

file only, as documents are handled with a constant number
of lines on a page.

(The print function will handle arbitrary changes in vertical page format;

the

dynamic)paging limitation relates only to display of page
breaks while
editing.

If one of those dot commands appears in the file in a
position where dynamic
page break display cannot handle it, a warning message appears
next to it on
the screen and the command is ignored for page break
display purposes.
In
this case, the printed page breaks: may not be the same as
those displayed on
the screen during editing.
Dynamic page break display can be turned off and is always
disabled in the

non-document edit mode.

Appendix A
Terminals Supported

In qmeral, WordStarmay be run on any 48K 2-80, 8080, or 8885microcompute

mwww‘flmm.nmmtnflMEcmvu,lEVMtn:mmaaf1¢s:flwmwnfivecmwmmmm;stmma

five groupe
rminals
ted with special imatallatfimu, ta«wuwuaw amaalable on zwfi,www
which special versions of WordStar are available, and tarmmals currently
under evaluation
or development).
STANDARD

INSTALLATION

installation menus:
ADDS Regent 25

ipported through simple responses to the standard
~

Lear-Siegler ADM-3A

ADDS Regent 45

Lear-Siegler ADM=-31

ADDS Regent 60

MicroTerm ACT-IV

Beehive 150

MicroTerm ACT-V

Cmmumnptil

Perkin-Elmer 550

Cromemco 3100

Data General D186/D208

Soroc IQ-120

I
Flashwriter

Soroc IQ-140

Flashwriter II

SWIPC CT-82

Hazeltine 1400/18/20

TEC Model 571

Hazeltine 1500/18/208

fifl&mfikosuzmmfl

Heath B-19

950
Televideo

(Zenith
Z-19)

Hewlett Packard 2621A/P

TRS~-80 Model II with FMG CP/M

IMSAI
VIO module

TRS-80 Model II with LIFEBOAT CP/M

IBM 3101

TRS~-80 Model II with P&T CP/M

Infoton I-100

Visual 200

Appendix

Terminals

Supported

SPECIAL INSTALLATION
The following terminals are supported throug
h "Patch" sheets
your dealer):

(available from

Lmnw&flmhm:msz

DIRECT VP808/B

The following terminals, similarly supported, will
soon be available:

Beehive DM30

Infoton 400

DataMedia Model 2500

Iflmm%fiqflgrAflM%Z

DataMedia Model 3825

CMRON 8830B

EEQD Model D308/400

Perkin-Elmer OWL~1200

ELBIT DS-1920X

Teleray Model 12

ELBIT DS-4801X

Teleray 3900

’

SPECIAL VERSIONS

Special versions of’WbrdStar are availabl
for
e the following terminals:
Apple II 88-column
M&R Sup'R'Term (and othem)
Videx Videoterm (and others)
Heath H-89 (Zenith 2-89)
with Magnolia CP/M

Heath H-89 (Zenith 2*89)
with Zenith CP/M
Superbrain

mufinD&SVEmnun:lfl

‘&qmdxaum

wi
DOSth
Version 3.8

A=2

WordStar

General

Information

Manual

Appendix

Terminals

Supported

UNDER CONSIDERATION
The following terminals are presently under consideration for possible
future
support:

Ampex Dialogue 80

Micra&nge;o VDU

Datamedia DT86/1

Screensplitter VDU

DEC VT132

GTC Model 101

|
|

SSM VB1B Video module
SSM VB2 VDU

Hazeltine 1552

SSM VB3 VDU

Hazeltine Series 80

TRS-80 Model III

IS 64 x 16 VDU

Xitec SCT-160 VDU

Ithaca Audio 64 x 16 VDU

NOT SUPPORTED

ankmarcmmmn:mnmmMflytm»nnzantmaiwdhmfing&w@mmm:

PET (Commodore)

WordStar

General

SWIP Co.

Information

Manual

A-3

Appendix

Terminals Support

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

hppandix B

Formats

Supported

FORMATS SUPPLIED BY MICROPRO
The following disk formats are supplied by MicroPro:

Apple II

1l3-sector

North Star single-density

Apple II

lfiflmmmnr

North Star double-density

Dynabyte DB8/2 :

Superbrain 2.9/3.0

8-inch Standard

Vector Graphic (Micropolis drive)

Heath B-89 (Zenith Z-89)

mmnnrumeMmdmadmum)

Micropolis Model II

Xerox 820

PORMATS SUPPLIED BY MICROPRO O.E.M.s
The following disk formats are supplied by original equipment manufacturers
(O.E.M.s8) of Mic:ml?m products: