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EY-0061E-TP-0001

May 1982

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Document:	Programming RSX-11M in Fortran Tests/Exercises
Order Number:	EY-0061E-TP-0001
Revision:	0
Pages:	155
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/rsx11m_s/Programming_RSX-11M_Self-Paced_Training/EY-0061E-TP-0001_Programming_RSX-11M_in_Fortran_Tests_1982.pdf

OCR Text

EY - 0061 E- TP-OOO 1

Programming
RSX-llM
in FORTRAN
Tests/Exercises

EY-006 1E-TP-OOO 1

Programming
RSX-llM
in FORTRAN
Tests /Exercises

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

Copyright © 1982, Digital Equipment Corporation.
All-Rights Reserved.
The reproduction of this material, in part or whole, is
strictly prohibited. For copy information, contact the
Educational Services Department, Digital Equipment
Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730.

Printed in U.S.A.

The information in this document is subject to change
without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished
under a license and may not be used or copied except
in accordance with the terms of such license.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for the use or reliability of its software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation,
Maynard, Massachusetts:
DIGITAL
DEC
PDP
DECUS
UNIBUS

DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DIBOL
EDUSYSTEM
VAX
VMS

MASSBUS
OMNIBUS
OS/8
RSTS
RSX
lAS

CONTENTS
1

USING SYSTEM SERVICES
Test/Exercise • • • •
Sol ut ion.
••• •

DIRECTIVES
Test/Exercise •
Sol ut ion. • •

5
7

USING THE QIO DIRECTIVE
Test/Exercise • • • •
Solution • • • • • • •

• 21
• 23

USING DIRECTIVES FOR INTERTASK COMMUNICATION
Test/Exercise • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35
Solution. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• 37

MEMORY MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS.
Test/Exercise • • • • •
Solution • • • • • • •

OVERLAYING TECHNIQUES
Test/Exercise
Solution • • • • •

• 59

• 61

•

••

• • • • • 63

• • • . . • . • • • • . • • • 65

STATIC REGIONS
Test/Exercise •
Sol ut ion. • •

• • • 81
• • • • 83

DYNAMIC REGIONS
Test/Exercise
Sol ut ion. • '.

.....,
iii

•

• • • • 93
• • • • 95

FILE I/O
Test/Exercise •
•••••••
Solution • • • • • • • • • • • • •

117
121

FILE CONTROL SERVICES
Test/Exercise • • • • • •
Solution • • • • • • •

.. . .

125
127

FIGURES
1

Virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60

INTRODUCTION
This book contains tests/exercises for two different courses,
Programming RSX-IIM in MACRO and Programming RSX-IIM in FORTRAN.
Most of the questions apply to both courses.
If a question begins
with "In MACRO" or "In FORTRAN", that question applies only to the
specified course.
Solutions are provided for all tests/exercises.
Where it is appropriate, separate solutions are provided for MACRO
and FORTRAN.
Solutions which involve programs should also be
available on-line.
Check the Student Guide in the Student Workbook for
course for information on how to use the tests/exercises.

your

Using System Services
TEST /EXERCISE
1.

Match the function with the type of
perform it.
Function

system

service

used

Type of System Service

a. The tasks send data
back and forth to
each other

1. System and task information

b. The tasks read data
from a file on disk

3. Task communication/coordination

c. The tasks get input
from an operator
at a terminal

4. I/O to peripheral devices

2. Task control

5. File and record access

6. Memory use

Draw a figure to illustrate a method
service through the Executive.

providing

system

Using System Services
TEST IEXERCISE
3.

What is the other method for providing a system service?

Identify two system libraries you
programs that use system services.

might

use

writing

Using System Services
SOLUTION
1.

Match the function with the type of
perform it.
Function
3

5
4

system

service

used

Type of System Service

a. The tasks send data
back and forth to
each other

1. System and task information

b. The tasks read data
from a file on disk

3. Task communication/coordin-

c. The tasks get input
from an operator
at a terminal

4. I/O to peripheral devices

2. Task control

ation

5. File and record access

6. Memory use

Draw a figure to illustrate a method
service through the Executive.

See Figure I-lor 1-2

providing

system

Using System Services
SOLUTION
3.

What is the other method for providing a system service?
Insert'the code into your task.

Identify two system libraries you
programs that use system services.
Any two of the following:

SYSLIB.OLB
RSXMAC.SML
RMSMAC.MLB
RMSLIB.OLB
FOROTS.OLB
F4POTS.OLB
Also acceptable:

FCSREF.TSK
FORRES.TSK
F4PRES.TSK
RMSSEQ.TSK

might

use

writing

Directives
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

In MACRO-II
a.

Modify the task READF to use the $C form of the Read Event
Flags directive.

Modify the task READF to use the $S form of the Read Event
Flags directive.

In FORTRAN, modify the task READF
numbered flags from 1 to 15(10).

Modify WFLAG and SFLAG to use a global event flag instead of a
group global event flag.
Omit any unnecessary code in the
tasks. Check with your instructor to find out which event
flag to use.

Write a task which does some work and periodically checks a
group global event flag.
Have it display a message and exit
when the flag has been set. Write another task, or modify
SFLAG to set the flag.

Add a requested exit AST routine to WFLAG.

In MACRO-II, add an odd address trap SST routine to the task
SST.
Include an instruction which causes the trap to occur.

set

all

the

odd

Directives
SOLUTION
l.a

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3
4

1='

F:i.le

}

6
"7
B
(1

F~EADF

lOll
LC

Enable lower case

LEX2:I.A. MAC

Modified to use the $C form of the Read All Event ;;EX
Fla~.:j~5 directive

This task starts up, sets event flas Iv reads the
event flaSs, moves them into reSisters RO-R3 and then
exits~ It uses the $ form of the directive calls.

:1.1
:1.2

Th€-~

of:l. a~.~s

are

:J. ~5
:I.e>

:1.7

:I.B
19
2()
'?l

; ....

'2:~

follow~):

r(~tl.Jl"'ned

a~;;

word
wor'd
word
word

event flags 1-:1.6

0
1

.".
"

.. event fl,3ss :1.7-32

2 .- event flags ~53""48
ev(:'nt flags 49-64
3

.MCALL

RDAFSC,SETFS,EXITSSvDIR$; Swstem macros

.BLKW

; ; EX

2~5

BUFF:

Buffer for event flas
vall.Je~;)

'11:"
•.
_ ,J

26
2:7

SETF:

SElFS

rtF'B for Set Evel-It, Flag
di rf~ctive

STAF~T :

3~5

F~[lAF$C

R4
ISETF
ERR1
BUFF

Clear errrJr' counter

:32

CLR
DIR$
BeS

2fJ

29
3()

Sf.~t

34
~5~3

BeB

EI~R2

:36

MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
lOT

BUFF"RO
BUFF+2,R1
BUFF+4,R2
BUFF+6,R3

37
313
3(7

; Come here on directive

INC
INC

R4
R4

MOV
lOT

$DSW"RO

413

.END

START

4c~

.. I

46
47
4(J

:
ERR1:
EF~R2

1'1,39 1

r€~9isters

TraF' and displaw
resisters

4':>
43
414

eVf.~nt

Branch 0 .... dir errOl'
Read th€-~ event, fla9s;;EX
( 1 - 64) •
Branch on dir er r'or
Move the event, flas
values into the

error~)

R4=2 for ,'ead err'or
R4=1 for set event
fla9 error
Error code into RO
Trap r:md displaw the
register's

Directives
SOLUTION

l.b

1
2
3
4
1::'

...J

6
7
B
9
10

1:1.
12
:1.3
:1.4
15
1.6
17
18

.TITLE

READF

~InENT

lOll

.ENABL

Enable lower case

File LEX21B.MAC
Modified to use $S form of the Read All Event Flass ;;EX
di N~ctive
This task starts Upy sets event flas 1, reads the
event fla~5Y moves them into resisters RO-R3 and then
exits. It uses the $ form of the directive calls.
Th(~~

f 1 asls ,3re

r€~tl..lrned

word
word
wt')rd
word

19
20

0
1
2
3

as follows:

-.. ev€~nt flags 1-16

-- eVE!rJt flags 17,,-32
- event flags 33,,-48
-- event flags 49--64

.MCALL
BUFF:

~BU\W

RDAFSS,SETFS,EXIT$S,DIR$; System macros
; ;EX
4
Buffer for event flas

SETF:

SETF$

DPB for Set Event Flas
di.rective

START:

CLR

Clear error counter
Set event flas 1
Branch on dir error
Read the event flags
(1 - 64).
;;EX
Branch on dir error
Move the event flag
values into the
T'esisters

~.~2

24
:?~)

26
") '7

A.-/

29
30
~31

DIF~$

R4
iSETF

BCS
RDAF$S

tBUFF

~3:3

Ef~Rl

34
3~5

BCS

36
37

MOV
M()V
MOV
MDV

39
40
41
42
43
44
41:.,J
46
47
48
49
50

ERR2
BUFF,RO
BUFF+2,R1
BUFF+4"R2
BUFF+6,R3

lOT

Trap and displa!:l
T'f.~gisters

; Come here on directive errors
ERR2:
INC
R4
ERR:I, :
INC
R4

MOV

$DSW,RO

:rOT
.END

START

for read error
R4=1 for set event
flas error
Error code into RO
Trap and displaw the
registers
R4~2

Directives
SOLUTION
2.

:J.

.'")
A..

3
4
5
6
l
8
9
10
:1.1
12

13
:L4

1 ~)
:L6
17
:I.B
19
20

21..

,") ")
4_ .,~.

23
24
'")c·
A·•• ,J

2(~)

27
28
2.9

30
3:1.

32
33

34
:·55
36

37
38
J9

40
41
4")
..:.
43
44

READF.FTN

C File lEX22.FTN
C
C Modified for exercises. Set odd numbered
C

fla~s.

! !EX

C This task sets event fla~ 1 and then reads
fla~s 1 to 16 and displa~s them

C
C

IEVF(:L6)"IDSW
! !EX
C Set odd event fla~s+
DO 5 J(~-::1,,1!5,.2
! !EX
CALL SETEF (K,IDSW)
! !EX
C Branch on directive error
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1000
! !EX
5
CONTINUE
r Read the event fla~s into the arraw ievf. Note
C that in FORTAN" we can onl~ read 1 fla~ at a time
DO 20 1=1,16
CAll READEF (I"IDSW)
C Branch on directive error
IF (IDSW .IT. 0) GOTO 1100
C Check IDSW value" 2 means set, 0 means clear
C Set the ievf value accordin~l~ (1 means set, 0
C means cl€~ar)
IF (IDSW .EQ. 2) GOTO 10
IEVF( I )::::IDSW
GOlD 20
10
IEVF(I)=l
20
CONTINUE
C Write out fla~ settin~s" startin~ with fla~ 16.
WRITE (5,,30)
30
FORMAT (' EVENT FLAGS 16. TO 1. ARE:')
WRITE (5,,40) (IEVF(J)~ J=16,,1,-1)
40
FORMAT (' ~,16I2)
CALI... EXIT
C Come here on directive errors
1000
WRITE (5,,1010) IDSW
1010
FORMAT (' ERROR SETTING FLAG. ERROR CODE - ',15)
CALL EXIT
1100
WRITE (S"il10) IDSW
1110
FORMAT (' ERROR READING FLAG. ERROR CODE = '"IS)
CALI... EXIT
END

Directives
SOLUTION
3.

l.
2
-r
... 1

4
I!!'

...J

.TITLE
.IDENT

WFLAG
lOll

~ENABL

I... C

Enable lower case

FIL.E LEX2:3A.MAC

I.>

"7
8
9
:1.0
1.1.
:L2
1.3

Modified to use

~lobal

event

fla~

35.

This proSram creates the Srou? ~lobal event fla~s,
clears event flaS 65. and waits for it to be set. When
the fiaS is set it writes a messa~e and exits.
Assemble and task-build instructions:

)MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:WFLAG LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIBR-;;EX
-)ARY,dev:[ufdJLEX23A
)LINK/MAP WFLAG,LB:[l,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

:1.5
:LiS

1"7
:L8

Install and Run instructions:

Run WFLAG~ then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
namey TTnn.

2:1.
'")'")

"'~":

23
24
25

.MCALL

2/.)

2"7

.MCALL

EXITSS,WTSESC,CLEFSCiCRGFSC; Swstem
; macros
TYPE
SUF'P 1 i ed ITlac ro

START:

C/"'R

~31

TYPE

32
33
34

CL..EFSC

3:7;
36
37
38

BeS
WTSE$C

Bes

~39

40
4:1.

TYPE

4':>
43

RO used to identif~
the erl'C)r
(CLEAR AND THEN WAIT FOR EF 35. TO BE SET)
RO

; H·:X

Clear event fla~ 35.;;EX
ERR2
Branch on directive
errOl'
3~3 +
Wait for event flaS 35
to be set
;;EX
ERR3
Branch on directive
errOT'
(EF 35. HAS BEEN SET. WFLAG WILL NOW EXIT)
; ;EX
~55.

Ef,R3 :

EXITSS
INC

ERIi:2 :

INC

f,O

MDV
JOT
.END

$DSW,Rl

RO = 3 if error on
wait t'or dir
RO = 2 if error on
cle<:1r fl<:19 di r
Pli;Jce DSW in Rl
Trap and dump resisters

41!~

46
4"7
48
49
50

START

Directives
SOLUTION

PF~()GF~AM

WFLAG

("'

3
4
5

6
7
8
9

10
1.1
12

1 ~~
14

:L ~s
16
17
18
19

C FILE LEX23A.FTN
C
C Modified to use event fla~ 35(10)
" EX
C
C This task creates the Sroup slobal event flass, and

C then clears event fla~ 65. and waits for it to be set.
C When the fiaS is set~ it writes a message and exits
C
C Install and run instructions:
C
C
Run WFLAGy then run SFLAG. At least one of the
C
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
C
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
nalTlf-:.' (TTnn)
C
C
WRITE (:7;,:20)

FORMAT (' CLEAR AND WAIT FOR EF 35. TO BE SET')! !EX
CALL CLREF (35yIDSW)
, !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1100
CALL WAITFR (35,IDSW)
, 'EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1200
WRITE (~;,30)
30
FORMAT (' EF 35. HAS BEEN SET. FWAIT WILL NOW EXIT')
, !EX
r'
CALL EXIT
C Error processins

30
31

1100
1110

20
21
22
2:~

24
~~~ ~:j

26
27

32
~33

:1.200
12:J.O

37
38

1
3
4
.::'
,.J

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
:1.5

WRITE (5~1110) IDSW
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 35.
1 DSW :::: " IS)
, 'EX
CALL EXIT
WRITE (5,1210) IDSW
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG
1 35. DSW :::: ',IS)
CALL EXIT
END
.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

SFLAG
1011
Enable lower case

L.C

FILE LEX2:3B. MAC
Modified to use event flas 35.
This task sets event flas 65.
It assumes that the
Sroup slobal event flass have alreadw been created.
Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACROILIST LB:[:L,:LJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJSFLAG
LINKIMAP SFLAG,LB:C1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

Directives
SOLUTION
16
17

Install and Run notes:

lB
19
20
21

First run WFlAG, then run SFlAG. At least one of
the tasks must be installed, or else the RUN
command will tr~ to install both tasks under
the same namev TTnn.

23
24

; ....

,")1:'

•.:•• \.J

26
27

;

STAF~T :

• MCALI...
• MCAlL.

EXIT$S,SETF$C
TYPE

TYPE

(EF 35. IS BEING SET. THEN SFLAG WILL EXIT.:

SETF$C
BCS
EXIT$S
MOV
lOT
.END

35.
ERR

Set event flas 35. ;;EX
Branch on dir error

$DSW,R1

Save DSW
Trap and dump reSisters

S~:/f:) tem lTJac ros
SUPplied llIacros

29
30
3:L
32

33
34

ERR:

:35

1
:2

3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10

C
C Modified to use event flas 35.
! !EX
C
C This task sets event flag 65. It assumes that the
C group Slobal event flaSs have alread~ been created.
C
C Install and run instructions:
C'

:1.2
1 :~

:1.5
1.6

1.7
:1.8
1,9
20

21
22
23
24
25
26

START

PROGRAM SFL.AG
C
C FILE LEX23B.FTN

11,

E~dt

c
C
C
C

Run WFL.AG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
namf.~ (TTnn).

WRITE (~5,,j.0)
FORMAT (' EF 35. IS BEING SET. THEN SFLAG WILL EXIT')
C
! ! EX
CALL SETEF (35,IDSW)
! !EX
r The DSW value returned for SETEF is 2 if it was set
C and 0 if it was clear. A :I. is NOT returned for success
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1000
CALL EXIT
C Error code
1000
WRITE (5~1010)
1010
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR SETTING EF 35. DSW :/.vI4)
!!EX
CAL.L EXIT
END

Directives
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
'")
A..

4
5
6

LEX24

lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX24 + M(~C

7
8
9
10
11

This pro~ram creates the ~roup ~lo&al event fla~s,
clears event fla~ 65., does some work and periodicallw
cehcks event fla~ 65+ When the fla~ is set it writes a
messa~e and exits.

12
13
14

Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST/OBJEcr:WFLAG LB:C:I.,lJPROGMACS/LIB-,;EX
RARY,dev:CufdJLEX24
;;EX
LINKIMAP WFLAG,LB:[1,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

1. ~5
:1.6

17
Install and Run instructions:

1.8
19
20

21
,.),.)

A*- ....

2~3

; --

Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will trw to install both tasks under the same
name, TT .... n.
.MCALL

:~5

26
27

EXITSS,WTSESC,CLEFSC,CRGFSC;

S~stem

;

.MCALL

TYPE

CLR

I~O

ITlc~C T'OS

SuPp lied mac T'O

28
::.~ <?

31
32
33
3~l

36
37
38
39

40
41
4':>
43
44
45
46

47
48
4(7

~)TAF~T :

RO used to identif~
the er'ror
TYPE
<LEX24 IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS>
Create ~roup ~lobal
CRGFSC
€·~vent f I (!~9S
, Branch on directive ok
BCC
OK
If ~roup ~lobal event fla~s alread~ exist,
Just displa~ messa~e and continue
CMP
SDSW,*IE.RSU
Check for efa alread~
in e~d.5tence
ERRl
Branch on an~ other
BNE
;
di r error'
TYPE
<GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST>
<CLEAR EF 65. WORK UNTIL IT IS SET>
0/\ :
TYPE
Clear event fla~ 65.
CLEFSC 65.
Branch on directive
BCS
E/~/~2
p

e r rcn"'

AGAIN:
CLR
; Loop 2**16
LOOP:
INC
BNE

1:;:1
tilTle~:;,

Clear counter
then check

r~ 1-

LOOP

;,EX
;;[X
Increment counter ;;EX
Not ~et c~cled, loop;;EX
a~ain
;;EX

fla~

Directives
SOLUTION

TYPE
CLEF$C
BCS
eMf'

5:L
52
~)3

54
~:;~5

EI:;:R:3 :

BNE
TYf'E
EXIT$S
INC

ERR2:

INC

ERR1:

INC

MOV
lOT
.END

$[lSW, I:;: 1

56
57
58
~)9

<COUNTER HAS CYCLED> ; Displa~ message;;EX
Use Clear to read fla~~;EX '
; Branch on dir error;;EX
ERR3
$DSW,tIS.SET
; IS.SET means fla~ was;;EX
; set
;;EX
; N~v loop a~ain
;;EX
AGAIN
<EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. LEX24 WILL NOW EXIT>
65.

RO = 3 if error on ;;EX
Clear Fla~ dir while
waiting
RO = 2 if error on
cleaT' fla!!J di T'
RO = 1 if error on
create Sroup fla~s dir
Place DSW in Rl
Trap and dump re~isters

61
62
63
64
6~5

66
67
68

PROGRAM 1... EX24

:1.
'")

.<..

START

c FIL.E L.EX24~FTN

-4

I::"
,.}

C then clears event

:;
B
<.;'

:/.o

This task creates the

~lobal event flass, and
65. and does some work while
C waitin~ for it to be set. When the fla~ is set, it
C writes a messa~e and exits
~roup

fla~

C Install and run instructions:
C
1:~l..In L..EX24" th(:·~n T'un SFI... AG + At 1 east
C

1:1.
:1.2
13
:1.4

:1. ~:j

onf:~ c)f thf?
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
nam(~\ (TTnn)

Directives
SOLUTION

(',
1.Il::'
19

:1.0
C

2:1.

~JRITE

'')'')

A'- A..
")':1'
""._ \.0 ••

24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
39
40

41
42

WI~:ITE C:=;,10)
FORMAT (' LEX24 IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS')
! !EX
CALL CRGF (,IDSW)
IF (IDSW .L1. 0) GOTO 900
(~:;,20)

FORMAT (' CLEAR EF 65. WORK UNTIL IT IS SET')
CALL CLREF (65,IDSW)
IF (InSW .L1. 0) GO TO 1100
22
DO 25 K=1,65535
EX
25
CONTINUE
EX
WRITE (5,28)
EX
28
FORMAT (' COUNTER HAS CYCLED')
EX
CALL READEF (65,IDSW)
EX
IF (IDSW .L1. 0) GOTO 1200
EX
IF (IDSW .NE. 2) GOTO 22
EX
WRITE (5,30)
30
FORMAT (' EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. LEX24 WILL NOW EXIT')
CALL EXIT
C Error processinS
C

C Check for code of -:1.7, meaninS fla~s alreadhl exist
IF (IDSW .NE. -:1.7) GOTO 1000
C In that case, Just disla~ a messaSe and continue.
WRITE <:5,9:1.0)
9:1.0
FORMAT (' GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST')

900

44
4~:5

C Here for fatal errors, di5pla~ messaSe and exit
:I.()OO
WRITE (5,:1.010) IDSW
FORMAT C' DIRECTIVE ERROR CREATING GROUP GLOBAL
t010
lEF/"n. D~:)W :::: I,I~:5)
Ci~1...1... EXIT
WRITE (5,1:1.10) IDSW
:1.:1.00
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 65.
:1.:1.10
:L DSW :::: I, I~7;)
Ct.LL EXIT
WRITE (5,:1.210) IDSW
:1,200
1:::,:::1.0
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR READING EVENT FLAG
:J. 6:~; + DSW :::: " I ~D
! ! EX
CALI... EXIT
END

Directives
SOLUTION
5.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABl.

2
3
4
5

WFLAG
1011
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX25.MAC

Modified to include a ReQuested Exit AST

;;EX

8
11

This.prosram creates the Sroup slobsl event fla~s,
clears event flaS 65. and waits for it to be set. When
the flas is set it writes a messaSe and exits.

12
13

Assemble and task-build instructions:

14
15
16

MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:WFLAG LB:[l¥l]PROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
RARY,dev:[ufdJLEX25
;;EX
LINK/MAP WFl.AG,LB:Cl,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

17
18
19
20

Install and Run instructions:
Run WFl.AG, then run SFl.AG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
name, TTnn.

2:1.

22
23
24
25

• MCALl.

27
28
29
30
31

32
33
34
35
31)

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4(J

.MCALL
.MCALL

EXIT$S~WTSE$C,Cl.EF$C,CRGF$C;

SREA$C,ASTX$S
TYPE

S~stem

; nlac~ ros
System Macros
;;EX
SUPplied macro

RO used to identify
the erT'or
SREA$C REXAST
Set UP ReQuested Exit
AST
;~EX
BCS
ERRO
Branch on dir error
TYPE
<WFLAG IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS>
CRGF$C
Create Sroup Slobal
event flags
BCC
OK
; Branch on directive ok
If Sroup slobal event flass alread~ exist,
Just display messaSe and continue
CMP
$DSW,IIE.RSU
Check for efs alread~

START:

CLR

BNE

ERR1

OK:

TYPE
TYPE
CLEF$C
BCS

e~·dstence

Branch on any other
;
dir error
<GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST>
<CLEAR AND THEN WAIT FOR EF 65. TO BE SET)
65.
Clear event flaS 65.
ERR2
Branch on directive
error

Directives
SOLUTION
WTSE$C

52
BCS

5:5

54
55
56
57

65.

Wait for event fla~ 65
to be set
ERR3
Branch on directive
error
(EF 65. HAS BEEN 8ET. WFLAG WILL NOW EXIT>

TYPE
EXIT$S
; AST Service routine
REXAST: TYPE
<WHY ME? NOT THIS TIME!!> ;

59
60
61

ERR3:

ASTX$S
INC

ERR2:

INC

ERR1. :

INC

ERRO:

MOV

;;EX
message
;;EX
AST exit to return ;;EX
RO = 3 if error on
wait for dir
RO = 2 if error on
clear flas dir
RO = 1 if error on
create Sroup fla~s dir
Place DSW in Rl, leave
RO=O for specif~ ;;EX
reauested exit AST err
Trap and dump reSisters

63
64
6~5

66
67

68
69
70

71
1

2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14

15
16
17
l8
19

20
21

23
24
26
27
28

29
30
31

lOT
.END

T~pe

STAr~T

PROGRAM WFLAG
C
C FILE LEX25.FTN
C
C Modified to include a Reauested Exit AST
! !EX
C
C This task creates the group global event flags, and
C then clears event flag 65. and waits for it to be set.
C When the flas is set, it writes a message and exits
C
C Install and run instructions:
C
r
Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
C
tasks lTIust be in~,;t,alled, or else t,fle F,LJN command
C
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
C
name (TTnn)
C
EXTERNAL REXAST
! !EX
C Set UP Reauested Exit AST
! !EX
CALL SREA (REXAST~ID8W)
! !EX
IF (I DSW .1... T. 0) GOTO 950
! ! EX
WrnTE (5"lO)
10
FORMAT (' WFLAG IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS')
CALL CRGF (,IDSW)
IF (ID8W .LT. 0) GOTO 900
WI:;;ITE (5,20)
15
20
FORMAT (' CLEAR AND WAIT FOR EF 65. TO BE 8ET')
CALL CLREF (65yIDSW)
IF (ID8W .LT. 0) GO TO 1100
CALL WAITFR (65~IDSW)
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1200
WRITE (5,30)

Directives
SOLUTION

33
;~4

:~5

36
37
38

39
4()

41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
5:3

54
55
~j6

:7i8

59
60
61

62
63

64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77
78

79
80
81
82
83

84
85

FORMAT (' EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. FWAIT WILL NOW EXIT')
CALL. EXIT
C Error processing
C

C Check for code of -17, meanin~ flass alreadw exist
900
IF (IDSW .NE~ -17) GOTO 1000
C In that case, Just dislsy s messa~e and continue.
WRITE (5,910)
910
FORMAT (' GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST')
GOrD 15
~ Here for fatal errors, display messa~e and exit
950
WRITE (5,960) rDSW
! !EX
960
. FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR SETTING UP AST ROUTINE.
1 DSW = ',15 )
! ! EX
CALL EXIT
! !EX
1000
WRITE (5,1010) IDSW
1010
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CREATING GROUP GLOBAL
lEF"S. DSW = ',15)
CALL EXIT
WRITE (5,1110) IDSW
1100
1110
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 65.
1 DSW = ',I:j)
CALL EXIT
1200
WRITE (5,1210) IDSW
1210
FORMAT (I DIRECTIVE ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG
1 65. DSW = '~I5)
CALL EXIT
END
C
EX
SUBROUTINE REXAST
EX
C
EX
CAST service routine
EX
C
EX
INTEGER PLIST(6),IOWVB
EX
REAL TEXT1(6),TEXT2(7)
! EX
DATA IOWVB/-110001
! .EX
DATA TEXT1 I'TRYI','NG T','O AB',
EX
1'ORT ','ME ','EH? '/
EX
DATA TEXT2 I'WE W','ON"T',' LET',
EX
l' YOU',' THI','S TI','ME! ' I
EX
C Set UP for GIO directive
EX
CALL GETADR(PLIST(1),TEXT1(1»
EX
PLIST(2) = 23
EX
PLIST(3) = -40
EX
C Use 010 directive to displaw text
EX
CALL WTQIO(IOWVB,5,1",PLIST)
EX
C Set UP for 2nd line of text
EX
CALL GETADR(PLIST(I),TEXT2(1»
EX
PLIST(2) = 27
EX
C Use 010 directive to displaw text
.. EX
CALL WTOIO(IOWVB,5,1",PLIST)
! !EX
RETURN
! !EX
END
! !EX

Directives
SOLUTION
6.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
'')

.:0.

SST
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

4
5

FIl.E LEX26.MAC

6
?
8

Modified to include an odd address trap

This task sets UP an SST vector table to handle SST's
for BPTy lOT, and odd address traps. It then executes
instructions to cause these traps to occur. In each
SST routiney a messa~e is displa~ed and then the task
continues. Finall~, a TRAP instruction is executed.
Since no user SST routine is specified for TRAP, the
Executive aborts the task.

:to
1,1
12
:t3
14
:L5,
16
1,7
1.8
1.9

Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LB:rl,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX26
LINK/MAP LEX26yLB:rl,:t.JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

20
21

.MCALL
.MCALL

'')'')
.\••• .A...

23
24
25

STAr.:T:

SVTK$C
BPT
TST

29
~50
~5 :t.
~~2
3~~

CLR

34
35
~56

37
38

SVTK$C,EXIT$S
TYPE

External s~stem macros
External supplied macro

;

VTABLE: • WORD

26
27
28

;;EX

NEW:

lOT
EXIT$S
TRAP

ODDTRP,MPTVIO,BPT,IOT ; SST vector table
; ;EX
VTABLE,4
Have E~·~ecuti ve set
SST table
BPT instruction
1
Test location 1, ; ;EX
; ;EX
causin~ an odd
; ; EX
addr trap
120000
Clear l()cation 120000,
caus:in~.:t a JTlemOT'~
protect violaticm
lOT instruction
J.JJ~

E~·dt

TRAP instruction

~5(~

Directives
SOLUTION

4()

; SST T'olJtines

41,
42

ODDTHF': TYPE

4~5

44
4~5

RTI
MPTVIO: TYPE

46
47
4(3
49
!5()
~51

52
53

CMF'
TST
BPT:
JOT:

RTI
TYF'E
RTI
TYPE
MOV

~55
~56

~57

5(3

RTl
.END

<0[1[1

ADDRESS TRAP CAUGHT> ;

;

T~:lpe

;; EX

messaSie ;;EX
Ret,tlrn t'rom trap ; ;EX
<MEMORY PROTECT VIOLATION CAUGHT> ; r~pe
messaSe
(SF'>+,(SF')+
Clearl off thT'ee
~~pecific stack WOT'ds
(SP>+
for meITlor'd protect, SST
l:;:etlJrn from trap
; T~pe messaSe
<BF'T CAUGHT>
Retl.J rn frolT! traF'
T~pe messaSe
<lOT CAUGHT>
:fI:NEW,(SP)
Charl!=.fe PC orl stack so
return frolTl trap
returns to NEW
RetlJrn frolT! trap
START

Using the QIO Directive
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Modify SYNCHQ or ASYNCQ to write prompting text
SOME TEXT:
") before issuing the read.

In MACRO-II, modify NUMER, replacing the error handling code
with
code which writes out an error message plus the
appropriate status code.
Refer to SYNQER for
sample error
messages.

Modify NOECHO to use one QIO directive to both write
the
prompt and read the input.
Also, have the read timeout if no
key is struck for 20(10) seconds, in which case,
display a
timeout 'message and ex it.

Write a task which prints a message on every terminal
in the
system.
The task should break through any pending I/O at the
terminal.
(Note:
as
This task must be task-built
a
privileged task,
using
the IPRIVILE~ED:0 qualifier in the
task-build command;
/PR:0 in MCR)

(e.g.,

"TYPE

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
1.

.TITlE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2()

SYNCHQ
lOll
lC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX31.MAC
Modified to displaw promptins text
This task reads a line of text from the terminal,
converts all upper case characters to lower casey and
prints the converted messaSe back at the terminal. It
uses s~nchronous Qla directives.
.MCALL

QIOWSC,QIOWSSvEXITSS

EwteT'nal
macros

s~~)t(:'m

IOSB:
BUFF:
F'RMf'T:
LPRMF'T

.BtKW
2
110 status Block
.BlKB
80.
; Text buffer
.ASCII ITYf'E SOME TEXT: I ; Prompt
=.-F'RMPT
Len~th of prompt
.EVEN

START:

CLR
ClR

R5
R4

QIOWSC

IO.WVB,5,1,~IOSB,,<F'RMPT,lF'RMPT,40>

; ; EX
; H·:X
; ; EX

22
23
24

Error Count
Error indicator - 0
means directive error
(DSW in R3), ne~
means liD error
(liD status in R3)

25
26
27

28
2(1
30
31
32
33

34
35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

Displa~ prompt
j;EX
ERR3
Branch on dir error;;EX
10SB
Check for liD error;;EX
ERR3A
; Branch on 1/0 error;;EX
IO.RVB,5,1,vIOSB,,<BUFF,80.> ; Issue
read
BCS
ERR1
Branch on dir error
TSTB
rOSB
Check for liD error
BlT
ERR1A
Branch on liD error
IOSB+2,RO
MOV
Get count of characters
t~ped in
ClR
R1
Offset into buffer to
character
lOOP:
CMPB
BUFF(Rl),t'A
Check for upper case
ASCII character
BLT
NEXT
Branch if below ran~e
CMPB
BUFF(Rl),t'Z
BGT
NEXT
Branch if above ran~e
Here if upper case, move to re~ister R2 and convert
MOVB
BUFF(Rl),R2
Move to register
ADD
t32.,R2
Convert to lower case
MOVB
R2,BUF~(R1)
Replace in messaSe

BCS
T8TB
BlT
QIOWSC

Using theQIO Directive
SOLUTION
52
~;3

54
55
56
57

SOB
QIOW$S
BeS
TSTa
BlT
EXIT$S

58
59
60
61
62

INC

Increment qffset into
buffer to next char
RO,lOOP
Decrement cOl.Jr.t c)f
;
cha rcJcte rs left t(.') check
tIO.WVB,t5,tl"tIOSB,,<tBUFF,IOSB+2,t40>
Write te,·~t
ERR2
Branch 01". di T' eT'rOT'
IOSB
Check for liD errOT'
ERR2A
Branch on liD eT'ror
E,·dt

Error code

l)4

;

65
66
67
6B
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
713
79
BO
81

ERR3A:

INC

ERR2A:
ERR1A:

INC
INC
Mova

R5
IOSB,R3

DEC

R5=3 means Prompt cno
; ; EX
error'
Up err'OT' count, .- 2nd aID
- b5t 010
1/0 errOT'. liD status
to R3.
Negative value in R4
IT.ean~)
liD error
Trap <1md di~:;F'la~
registers
R5=3 means P rOlTlf~t cno
; ; EX
errOT'
Up error count - 2nd eHO
- 1st cno
Directive erT'or'. [lSW
to R3, leave R4::::0.
Tr'aF' and disF,la~
resisters

Rs:.~

...J

lOT
ERR3:

INC

ERR2:
ERR1:

INC
INC
MOV

R5
$DSW,R3

lOT

.END STAI~T

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

25
26
27
28
29
30
31,

32
33

34
35
36
37
38
~~9

40
41
42

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

PROGRAM ASYNCQ
C
C FILE LEX31.FTN
C
C Modified to displa~ promptin~ text
! !EX
C
C This pro~ram reads a line of text from the terminal,
C converts an~ upper case characters to lower case and
C prints the converted message back at the terminal.
C It uses asynchronous aIDs and an event flas for
C synchronization.
C'
BYTE IOSB(4),IBUF(80)
DIMENSION IPAR(6),K(10)
EQUIVALENCE (NUM,IOSB(3»
REAL PRMPT(4)
! !EX
DATA PRMPT I'TYPE',' SOM',,'E TE','XT: '/!!EX
DATA IOWVB/ 110001
DATA IORVB/ R I04001
DATA IVFC/·401
C Set UP values for the ala
IUNIT=5
! !EX
C Set UP for oro to issue prompt
CALL GETADR(IPAR(l),PRMPT(l»
! !EX
! ! EX
IF'AR(2):::16
IPAR(3):::·40
! !EX
! !EX
C Issue as~nchronous write
! !EX
CALL aIO(IOWVB~IUNIT,5"IOSB,IPAR,IDS)
! !EX
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 780
! !EX
CALL WAITFR(S,IDS)
! !EX
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 785
! !EX
IF (IOSB(l) .LT. 0) GOTO 790
! !EX
C Set UP for read
IPAR(3):::0
! !EX
IPAR(2):=80
C Get the address of the liD buffer
CALL GETADR(IPAR(I),IBUF(l»
C Issue the 010
CALL QIO(IORVB,IUNIT,5~,IOSB,IPAR,IDS)
C Check the directive status
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 800
C Do some work while 1/0 operation is being performed
DO 50 1=1,10
K(I)=64*1
50
CONTINUE
C
Wait for I/O to complete
CALL WAITFR(S,IDS)
C
Check directive status
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 805
C Check the liD status
IF (IOSB(l) .IT. 0) GO TO 810
8

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
52
53

C Convert to lowercase

54
55

DO 100 1::1, NUM
IF (IBUF(I) .LT. 'A') GO TO 100
IF (IBUF( I) .GT. 1132) GO TO 100
IBUF(I)=IBUF(I)t32
CONTINUE

100

C Set UP 1/0 Parameter List for write

IF'AR(2)=NUM
IPAI~ (3) ==IVFC

59
60
61
62
63

C Write the converted line to the terminal

CALL QIO(IOWVB,IUNITp5"IOSB,IPAR,IDS)
C

65
66
67
68
69
70

C Wait for the 1/0 to complete

CALL WAITFR(5,IDS)
C Check directive status

IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 825
C Check the 1/0 status

71
72
73

780

785

75
76
77

790

78
79
80
81
82
83

800

84
85
86

805
810

820
825

8"7

830

B9
90
91
92
93

850

94
95

890

900
905
910
920
925
930

97
(l8

100
101
102

Check directive status

IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 820

880

885

IF (IOSB(l) .LT. 0) GO TO 8~50
GO TO 850
W."UTE(5,880) IDS
! !EX
GO TO 850
! !EX
WRITE(5,885)IDS
! !EX
GO TO 850
! !EX
WRITE(S,890)IOSB(1)
! !EX
GO TO 850
! !EX
WRITE(5,900)IDS
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,905)IDS
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,910)IOSB(1)
GO TO 8!50
WRITE(5,920)IDS
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,925)IDS
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,930)IOSB(1)
CALL EXIT
FORMAT(' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE OF PROMPT, ! !EX
:l CODE :: I, 14)
! ! EX
FORMAT('DIRECTIVE ERROR ON-WAIT FOR WRITE OF ! !EX
1PROMPT, CODE == ',14)
! !EX
FORMAT(' lID ERROR ON WRITE OF PROMPT, CODE ==! !EX
1 ',14)
! !EX
FORMAT(' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READy CODE == ',14)
FORMAT(' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 1ST WAIT, CODE == ',14)
FORMAT(' 1/0 ERROR ON READ, CODE == ',14)
FORMAT(' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE, CODE:: ',14)
FORMAT ( , DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 2ND WAIT, CODE == ',14)
FORMAT(' lID ERROR ON WRITE, CODE == ',14)
END

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3

4
5
6
7

Modified to include error messa~e code
This task does a simple addition and outputs the
results. It demonstrates the use of $EDMSG for
formattin~ messa~es with numeric data

10
11

14
15

.MCALL
.MCALL
.NLIST

Q10W$,EXITSS,DIRS ; S~:lS tem mac T'OS
; S~stem macros ;;EX
QIOWSS
BEX
Do not list binar~
eNtensions

16
17

; Data

.WORIt

19
20
21

.WORIt
.BLKW

22
23

OUT:

QIOW$

10SB:

.BLKW

24
25
26
27

;

BUF:
FMES:

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

output messaSe

; liD status block

; Set UP for SEDMSG

~~9

37
38

;

31
32
33
34
35
:36

1st addend and start
of ar~ument block
2nd adder,d
Location for SIJm
;

'28

~50

Enable lower case

FILE LEX32.MAC

8
9

12
13

NUMER
lOll

.BLKB
.ASCIZ

Output buffer

80.

IXD. WAS ADDED TO %D., GIVING XIt.1

FoY'mat stT'in~
; Set UP for error messa~es usinS SEDMSG
; ;EX
.EVEN
ARG:
• Bl.KW
1
Ar~ument block;;EX
FMT1It:
.ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE, DSW = XDI ;;EX
FMT1I:
.ASCIZ '1/0 ERROR ON WRITE, liD STATUS = XD';;EX
; ; EX
.EVEN

START:

.LIST
.EVEN
MOV

A,C

ADD

B,C

List binar~ e}·,tens ions
Move to word bO'.Jnda r~1
Move 1st addend to Sl..l",
word
Add 2nd addend to form
sum

BEX

Set UP for call to $EDMSG
MOV
IBUF,RO
IFMES,R1
MOV
tA,R2
MOV
CALL
SEDMSG

Addr of output buffer
Addr (Jf format strins
Addr of ar~ument block
Make call, ctlaracter
count returned in R1

Using 'the .010 Directive

SOLUTION.
~51

52
53

MOV

Rl,OUT+Q.IOPL+2

DIRS

tOUT
ERR1D
IOSB
ERR11

Bes

5~5

TSTB
BLT
EXITSS

~56

57
58

Place • of characters
to write into IOPL
irl QIO ItF'B
Write output mes~a~e
Branch on dir error
Check for 110 error
Branch on 110 error

~i9

60
'61
62

63
64
65
66

67
68

69
70
71
72
73

74
75
76
77
78
79

Error code,
ERR1I:

MOV

tFMT1I,R1

Format strin~ for ;;EX
1st 110 error me5sa~e
IOSB,RO
MOVB
Extend siSn on 110 ;;EX
RO,ARG
MOV
status bwte bw movinS;;EX
it throush RO to the ;;EX
arSument block
;;EX
BR
EDAWT
Branch to common edit;;EX
and write code
;;EX
ERR1D: MOV
tFMT1D,R1
Format strinS for lst;;EX
directive error
;;EX
tSItSW,ARG
Move ItSW to arg block;;EX
MOV
; Finish settinS UP for $EDMSG
;;EX
EDAWr: MOV
tBUF,RO
Output buffer address;;EX
MOV
tARG,R2
Argument block address;;EX
CALL
SEDMSG
; Edit output strin~ ;;EX
GIOWSS tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tBUF,Rl,t40>
Write;;EX
out messa~e
;;EX
EXITSS
; Exit
;;EX
.ENtl START

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.1
1 ~!
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

.TITLE
.IDENT
.E:NABL

NO ECHO
/01/
LC

Enable lower

ca~e

FILE l.EX33.MAC
Modified to combine aIOs and include timeout

;;EX

This task writes a prompt and then issues a aIO to read
from the terminal without echo.
It then displaws the
word which was entered.
Assemble and task-build

instr~ctions:

MACRO/LIST LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/l.IBRARY,dev:CuicJLEX33
LINK/MAP LEX33,PROGSUBS/LIBRARY
.MCALL
.MCALL

EXIT$S,aIOW$C,aIOWSS; S~stem macros
DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros

.NLIST

BEX

Data

::~:~

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4C"
.. I
46
47
48
49
50

Don't list of binar~
e~·{tens i otlf:>
.ASCII /SECRET WORD: /
ProlTlPt messese
MES:
Len!:jth of PT'omF,t
LEN
.-MES
=
BUFF:
.ASCII <15>/NO LONGER A SECRET WORD: /
; Prf:~cedins T'emark
; Len~th of Remark
.BLEN
.-BUFF
; Input buffer
• BLKB
80 •
BUF:
.ASCII /READ TIMED OUT/ ; Timeout message ; ;E:X
TMOMS:
; ;EX
LTMOMS ==. --TMOMS
.E:VEN
Word align for IOSB
10SB:
0
.WORD
IOSB is b,'c)ken i.nto
LENT:
.WORD
0
two pc3rts for
convenience.
; Define functions locall~ to allow us of an assignment
; statement to shorten directive statement
IO.RPR =004400
Define functions
TF.RNE =20
TF • TMO ==200
IO.FNC =<IO.RPR!TF.RNE!TF.TMO>
aIO function code
.LIST BEX
List binar~ extensions
!

Code
;
START:

aIOW$C

Bes

;

IO.FNC,5,1"IOSB,,<BUF,80.,2,MES,LEN,44>
Issue read after ;;EX
prompt
;;EX
DERR:I.
Branch on dir error

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
TSTB
BLl
C;MF'B
ENE
OlOW$C
BCC

54
55
56
57
5£3

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

"JMF'
DIR40K: TSTB
BLl
EXIT$S
NOTIMO: MOV
ADD
QIOW$S
BeS
T8TB
ELl
EXIT$S

67
6£3

6(J

70
71
·72
7:3

IIO.WVB~15,t1"tIOSB,,(tBUFF,RO,t40)

Wr'it€~ OI.Jt teHt
Brcmch on dir error
Check. for lID error
Branch on lID error
ENit

DERR3
10SB
IERR:3

Errors come here
IERR1:

IOERR

76
77
78

IERR3:
IERR4:
DERRI:

IOERR
IOERR
DIREHR

79
80
81
82

DERR3:
DERR4:

DIRERR
DIRERR
• END

Check for lID er rc)r
10SB
Brcmch on lID er'ror
IERRI
;; EX
IOSJhtlS. TMO
Check. t'or' t i lTIeout,
; Branch if no timeout;;EX
NOTIMD
; ;EX
IO.WVB,5,1"IOSB,,(TMOMS,LTMOMS,40)
DIR40K
Branch on dir all.. - ; ; EX
need this, tOC) far ; ; EX
for branch
JlJlrl? orl dir err'OT' ;; EX
DERR4
; Check for lID error ;; EX
IOSB
Branch on lID error ; ;EX
lERR4
; ; EX
EHit
LENT,RO
Get length of inPI.Jt ;; EX
IBLEN,RO
Add lerlSth of T'emC3T'k

7~5

II08B,(Er1'or on READ AFTER PROMPT) ~~EX
Displa~ messaSe and
tl0S8,(Error on 2nd WRITE); eNit
tI088,(£rror writin~ timeout messsge);;EX
(Error iM aro on READ AFTER PROMPT) ;;EX
; Display dir message and
(Error in ala on 2nd WRITE); eHit
(Error writins timeout message)
;;EX
START

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
PROGRAM NOECHO

2
3

4
:5
6

?
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
:L8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

28
29

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
~j2

C File LEX33.FTN
C Modified to use read after prompt and to timeout I lEX

C This task prompts for input, reads it without echo and
C then skiPS to the next line 'and displa~s the input
C text and exits.
C

BYTE
BUFF(80),IOSB(4),CR(1)
INTEGER PARM(6)
REAL
PROMPT(4)

, 'EX

C
DATA

IOFNe

Q I O ! 'EX
function! 'EX
,code
, 'EX
C
DATA
ISTMO 121
Timeout "EX
s tatl.Js I! EX
C
CR IU151
CarriaSe return character
DATA
DATA
PROMPT I'SECR','ET W','ORD:','
'I
, Text
, ! EX
C
C Set UP the lID parameter list
CALL GETADR (PARM(1),BUFF(1»
buffer address
PARM(2) - 80
Buffer lensth
PARM(3) = 2
Timeout = 2
EX
C
10 sec
EX
CALL GETADR (PARM(4),PROMPT(1»
Prompt addr
EX
PARM(5) = 13
Prompt lensth !EX
PARM(6) = 844
Vertical
'EX
C
, format contr 'EX
C Issue read no echo, read after prompt, with timeout
EX
CALL WTQIO (IOFNC~5,1"IOSB~PARMvIDS)
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 100
Dir error?
IF (IOSB(l) +LT. 0) GO TO 110
1/0 error?
C Check for timeout
IF (IOSB(l) .NE. ISTMO) GOTO 1
Branch if no I ! EX
c
tilTleolJt
, 'EX
Displa~
, 'EX
TYPE *,'READ TIMED OUT'
C
messaS€~
, 'EX
CALL EXIT
and exit
, 'EX
WRITE (5,2) CI:;:,(BUFF(I),I=1,IOSB(3»
, Echo input
1
FORMAT (' ',A1,'NO LONGER A SECRET WORD: ',80Al)
CALL EXIT
I· 46201

C Error conditions
C

lOO
110

TYPE *, 'DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ. STATUS = ',IDS
CALL EXIT
TYPE *, 'I/O ERROR ON READ. CODE = ',IOSB(l)
CALL EXIT
END

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
4.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
~~

4
5

LEX34
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX34.MAC

6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
:1.4

Solution to Module 3, Lab Exercise 4
Task does a write breakthrouSh to all terminals.
Assemble and task-build insructions:
)MACRO/LIST LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJ"">LEX34
)LINK/MAP/PRIVILEGED:O LEX34,LB:C1,lJPROGSUBS/-)LIBRARY

16
17
18

19
20

BUFF:

22
"'7

':""'01

25
26

IOSB:
ALUN:
Qla:

.MCALL ALUN$,QIOW$,DIR$,EXIT$S
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
.ASCII IHELLO THEREI
LEN ::: • -,BUFF
.EVEN
.BLKW2
1/0 status block for QIO
4,TT,0
DPS to assisn to TTO:,
ALUN$
will modifw for others
QIOW$
IO.WLB1TF.WBT1TF.RCU,4,1"IOSB,,(BUFF,LEN,40)

28
29
30
31

START:
BRO:

:~2
:~:~

34
:~~5

:1. $:

~57

:38

39
40
41
4:;~

43
44

BNE
EXIT$S

4!5

LSB
RO =) DPB for ALUN$
tALUN,RO
Rl =) DPB for QIOW$
tQIO,Rl
As~:;isn LUN
RO
If ALUN$ failed
ALFAIL
Twpe messaSe at TTn:
R1
1$
If 1/0 was ~ueued OK
(ERROR ON aIOW$)
tIS.SUC,IOSB
Did liD succeed?
2$
Yes
tIOSB,(ERROR ON QIOW$)
A.LUNU(RO)
; Next terminal
BRO

;
; Error from ALUN
ALFAIL: eMP
tIE.IDU,$DSW

46
47
49

.ENABLE
MDV
MOV
DIR$
BeS
DIR$
BCe
DIRERI:;:
eMF'S
BEQ
IOERR
INC
BR

3$:

DIRERR
.END

Did it fail because of
illegal unit t?
3$
No, some other error
Yes. Must have passed
;
the last terminal
(ERROR ON ALUN$>; Other error
START

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
1
2
3

PROGRAM LEX34
C+
C FILE LEX34.FTN

C Solution to Module 3, Lab Exercise 4

C Task does a write breakthrou~h to all terminals.
C
C Task-build with IPRIVILEGED:O aualifier
CINTEGER TTUNIT,DSW
DATA TTUNIT/OI
! First output to TTO:
INTEGER PARAM(6),lOSB(2)
BYTE 6UCCOD(2)
. ! 110 sticcess codes
EQUIVALENCE (SUCCOD,IOSB) ! First bytes of 10SB
INTEGER IEIDU
! Mnemonic for Mlilesal
Device or Unit- DSW code
DATA IEIDU/-·991
1/0 function code
INTEGER lOFCOD
mnemonic
C
Write lo~ical block,
DATA lOFCOD/-5011
write breakthrou_h,
C
and restore cursor
C

8
9
10
11
12
13

14
15
1,6
:L 7
18

19
20
21
'")'")
A"- AO_

23
24

25
26
27

28
29
30
31
~52
~~~5
:~4

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

45
46

47
48

49
50
51

c
C Load parameter list
CALL GETADR(PARAM(l),'HELLO THERE')
PARAM(2) ::: 11
! Len~th of strin~
PARAM(3) ::: -40
! Blank for carr. ctrl.
CALL ASNLUN(4,'TT',TTUNIT,DSW)
Assi~n LUN 4 to
10
c
TTrd
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 900
CALL WTQIO(IOFCOD,4,1,,10SB,PARAM,DSW)
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 910
! Directive error
IF (SUCCOD(1).NE.1) GOTO 920
! 1/0 error
TTUNIT = TTUNIT+1
GOTO to
C
r Error from ASNLUN. If ASNLUN failed because of ille~al
C unit number, must have passed the last terminal.
Exit.
900
IF (DSW.Ea.IEIDU) CALL EXIT
TYPE 905,DSW
! Other error
905
FORMAT (' ERROR ON ASNLUN. DSW ::: ',16)
CALL EXIT
910
TYPE 915,TTUNIT,DSW
915
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON aIO TO TT',02,':'1
1 ' DSW ::: ',16)
CALL.. EXIT
TYPE 925,TTUNIT,SUCCOD(2),SUCCOD(1),IOSB(2)
920
FORMAT (' liD ERROR ON aIO TO TT',02,':'1
925
1 ' liD STATUS BLOCK::: ',14,' ,',14,' 1',16)
CALL EXIT
END

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Modify RECVl and SENDl to synchronize using Suspend and Resume
directives instead of event flags.

Modify RECV2 so that the display includes
sending task in addition to the data.

Write another sender task to send data to RECV2.
Modify the
receiver so that
it receives data from ydur task only, not
from SEND2.

Modify SPAWN so that
it spawns CLI ••• ,
MCR ••• ,
or
••• DCL
several different times and sends a different MeR or DCL
command line each time.
Display the exit status after each
command- executes.

Write a parent task and an offspring task.
Have the parent
spawn the offspring.
Have the offspring emit status to the
Have
parent every five seconds for 30 seconds and then exit.
the parent display each status value.
Optional:
Use an AST
routine in the parent for synchronization.

the

name

the

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1.

.TITL.E
.IIIENT
.ENABl

1
2
3
4
5

SEND1
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE L..EX41A.MAC

6
7

Modified to use Suspend and Resume directives for;;EX
swnchronization
;;EX

8
9

10
11
1"

This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
the data to RECVl for processinS. SYnchronization is
handled throu~h a common event fla~.

13
1.4

Assemble and task-build instructions:

15
lb
17

>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:SENII1 lB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LI-;;EX
-)BRARY,dev:[ufdJlEX41A
)LINK/MAP SEND1,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

18
19

Install and run instructions: RECV1 must be install~d
and run prior to runnins SEND1. RECVl continues to run
until it receives 3 data packets.

21
,,"),a)
A! ......

23
24

; ....

'')c"

A: • ..J

26
27

;

BUFFER:

29
30
31
32
:~3

.MCAlL
.MCALl

SDAT$C,EXIT$S,RSUM$C; Swstem macros;;EX
TYPE,INPUT,DIRERR; SUPplied macros

tBlKB

26.

Data buffer to be sent

.ENABL.

lSB

Enable local symbol
blocks

;
START:: TYPE

INPUT
SDAT$C
BCC
DIRERR

~55

36
37
38
~59

4()
41
4'')
.:..
43
44

1$:
5$:

RSUM$C
BCC
DIRERR
EXITSS
tEND

<TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 2b CHARACTERS OR LESS)
Type prompt
tBUFFER,. f.26.
; Get teHt to send
RECV1,BUFFER
; Send data to RECV1 ;;EX
1$
; Branch on directvie ok
<UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO RECV1) ; Displaw
error messa~e and exit
RECV1
Resume RECVl
;;EX
5$
Branch on directive ok;;EX
<UNABLE TO RESUME RECV1>
;;EX
Exit
;;EX
START

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
PROGRAM SEND1

C FILE LEX41A.FTN

4
6
7
B
9

C Modified to use Suspend and Receive directives for ! !EX
C s~nchronization
! !EX
C

C This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
C the data to RECUl for processin.. S~nchronization is
C handled throuSh a common event flas.

12
t3
14
1 ~5

C Install and run
C installed under
C runnin. LEX41A.
C receives 3 data

:L6

BYTE BUFFER(26)
DATA RTASK/6RRECUl I
'Receiver task
C Prompt for input
TYPE *,'TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS'
READ (5~10) BUFFER
, Read text
10
FORMAT (26Al)
CALL SEND (RTASK,BUFFER"IDSW) ! Send data! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 900 ! Branch on dir error
CALL RESUME (RTASK,IDSW)
! Resume RECUl
! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 950 ! Branch on dir err! !EX
CALL EXIT
! Exit
C Error code
900
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO RECU1. DSW = ',IDSW
CALL EXIT
950
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO RESUME RECVt. DSW = ',IDSW
!!EX
CALL EXIT
! !EX
END

20
21
22

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33

instructions: LEX41B must be
the name RECUl and run prior to
RECUl continues to run until it
packets.

! !EX
! !EX
! !EX

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
:~

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

RECV1
lOll
l..C

Enable lower case

FILE LEX41B.MAC
Modified to use Suspend and Resume for synchronization;;EX
This task and receives data from any sender task
(e.S., SEN(1).It prints the data on TI:. Then it
waits for another data packet. It does this until it
has received 3 messaSes and then exits.

1.3

14
15
16
17

This task synchronizes with its sender throuSh an
event flas.
Assemble and task-build instructions:

19
20
21
22
23
24
25

>MACRO/LIST/OBJECr:RECV1 LB:[1,IJPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
->RARY,dev:CufdJRECVl
;;EX
LINKIMAP RECV1,LB:r!,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

; .-

Install and run instructions: RECV1 must be installed
and run before runninS SEND!.

.MCALL
.MCALL

RCVD$C,EXIT$S,SPND$S; System macros ;;EX
TYPE,DIRERR
; SUPplied macros

• BLKW

15 •

Rece i ve buff En'

.ENABL

LSB

Enable local symbol
blocks

MOV

t3,R5

29
30

;
RBUFF:

31
32
33
~54

35
:36
~57

38
:~9

40
4:L

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

START:

Initialize messaSe
counter
Suspend self until;;EX
AGAIN: Sf'ND$S
messaSe arrives
3$
BCC
; Branch on directive ok
DIRERR <SUSPEND DIRECTIVE FAILED> ; Display ~;EX
; error messaSe and exit
; We set here when resumed by SENDI
;;EX
3$:
RCVD$C
,RBUFF
; Receive from anyone
BCC
5$
; Branch on directive ok
DIRERR <RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN -RECVI->
Display error messaSe
and e~·dt,
; Successful receipt
Displa~
5$:
TYPE
<DATA RECEIVED BY -RECUI-:>
data

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

data sent b!:l
sender'
Decrement message
counter
If not ~:Jet 0, get
;
ar-Iother' message
HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL NOW EXIT>
; E~·dt after 3 messages

51
52

TYPE

tRBUFFt4,t26.

5~5

DEC

ENE

AGAIN

TYPE
EXIT$S
.END

<-RECV1

54
5~5
~56

57
5B
~59

1
2

Displa~

START

PROGRAM RECV1
C
C FILE LEX41B.FTN

5
6

C Modified to use Suspend and Receive directives for! !EX
C s!:lnchronization
! !EX

C This task receives data from LEX41A. It prints
C the data on TI:.
Then it waits for another data
C packet. It does this until it has received 3 messages
C and then exits.

10
11

! !EX

:1.2

13
14
15
16

C This task s~nchronizes with its sender through an
C event fla9.
C

C Install and run instructions: LEX41B must be
! !EX
C installed under the name RECVl and run before running! !EX
C LEX41A.
! !EX

1.9

20
2:1.

22
23
24
25

INTEGER RBUFF(15)
10
C

27
28
29
30

~51

:32
33

34
;35

3~)

100

38
39
40

Receive buffer

lOOO

DO 100 1=1,3
CALL SUSPND (IDSW)

Suspend until SENDl ! !EX
sends data and resumes
IF (IDSW .EQ. 2) GOTO 20
! !EX
TYPE *,'SUSPEND DIRECTIVE FAILED. DSW = ',IDSW! !EX
GOTO 1000
CALL RECEIV (,RBUFF"IDSW) ! Receive from an!:lone
IF (IDSW .EQ. 1) GOTO 30
TYPE *,'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN -RECVl-.
1 [lSW = ',IDSW
GOTO :1.000
TYPE *,'DATA RECEIVED BY -RECVl a :,
WRITE (5,35) (RBUFF(K),K=3,15)
FORMAT (' ',13A2)
CONTINUE
TYPE *"aRECV1 8 HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
CALL EXIT
END
!

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE
.IrIENT
.ENABL

1
2

RECV2
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1 .:'")

13
14
1 ~)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2!:i

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

FILE LEX42.MAC
Modified to displaw the sender task name in addition ;;EX
to the data
;;EX
This task receives data from another task. It prints
the data, alon~ with a header, on TI:.
Then it waits
for another data packet, continuin~ this until it has
received 3 messaSes.
This task swnchronizes with its sender usin~ RCSTS.
Because of this swnchronization, the tasks can be run
in an~ order, with an~ relative priorities.
Assemble and task build instructions:
>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:RECV2 LS:[1,1JPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
->RARY,dev:[ufdJLEX42A
;;EX
>LINK/MAP RECV2,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
Install and run instructions: RECV2 ffiust be installed.

RBUFF:
TASKNM:

.MCALL
.MCALL

RCSTSC,RCVDSC,EXITSS; S~stem macros
TYPE,DIRERR
SUPplied macros

BLKW
BLKW

.ENABL

LSB

+
+

Rec€~ i ve

bufte r
Buffer for task name;;EX

15.

Enable local
blocks

s~mbol

:~5

37
~58

39
40
41
42
43
44
41:"...1
46
47
48
49
~jO

t3,R5
Set UP message counter
,RBUFF
Receive from anyone
5S
Branch on directive ok
<RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN PRECV2 P >
Displaw error message
;
and e~"~i t
Successful receipt or unstopped bw another task. First
check for unstopped after being stopped, in which case
we have to receive the data
5$:
CMP
SDSW,tIS.SET
Were we stopped due to
no data
ENE
6$
If not, we have a data
packet
RCVD$C ,RBUFF
Now ~et the packet
BCC
6$
Branch on directive ok
START: MOV
RECEIV: RCSTSC
BCC
DIRERR

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
51
52
53
~54

55
56
57
58
59

60
61
6"

63
64
65
66
67

68
69
70
71
72
73

1
2
3
4
I:!"

..J

6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

DIRERR

<RECEIVE DIR FAILED AFTER ·RECV2· UNSTOPPED>
Displa~ error messa~e
; and e~·d t
; Convert task name from Radix-50 to ASCII
6$:
MOV
*TASKNM,RO
Address for converted;;EX
name
;;EX
RBUFF,R1
Word to be converted;;EX
MOV
$C5TA
Convert it
;;EX
CALL
RBUFF+2,Rl
Next word to be
;;EX
MOV
converted
;;EX
SC5TA
Convert it
;;EX
CALL
<DATA RECEIVED BY MRECV2 M:> ; Display text
TYPE
tTASKNM,t6
Dis~la8 task name
;;EX
TYPE
tRBUFF+4,t26.
and data sent
TYPE
Had to chan~e SOB - too far for branch!
;;EX
DEC
R5
Decrement messa~e
;;EX
counter
;;EX
Branch if done
;;EX
BEG
DONE
Receive a~ain if not;;EX
JMP
RECEIV
~et 3 messa~es
;;EX
<·RECV2· HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES>
DONE:
TYPE
<AND WILL NOW EXIT> ; T8pe exit message
TYPE
EXIT$S
; E~·d t
.END
START

PROG~~AM

RECV2

C
, ! EX
C FILE LEX42.FTN
C
C Modified to displa~ the sender task name in addition ! !EX
C to the data
! !EX
C
C This task receives data from another task (e.g. SEND2).
Then
C It prints the data, along with a header, on TI:.
C it waits for another data packet, continuing this
f' until it has received 3 messages.
C
C This task s~nchronizes with its sender using RCST.
C Because of this s~nchronization, the tasks can be run
C in an~ order, with an8 relative priorities.
C
C Install and run instructions: LEX42 must be installed! !EX
! !EX
C under the name RECV2.
C

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
20

23
24
:?5
26
27

~50

31
32
33
:36

Buffer for ASCII form! !EX
of task name
! !EX
DSW code mnemonic

IIATA ISSET/21

DO 100, 1=1,3
CALL RCST(,RBUFF,DSW)
Receive from an~one
IF (DSW.GE.O) GO TO 50
u
T~pe *,/RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN -RECV2 •
1 DSW ::: /,DSW
Displaw error messa~e
GOTO
1000
and e~·d t

Receive buffer

C
C

INTEGER RBUFF(15)
INTEGER DSW,ISSET
INTEGER TASKNM(3)

C
C Successful receipt or unstopped bw another task. First
C check for unstopped after bein~ stopped, in which case

~58

C we have to receive the data
50
IF (DSW.NE.ISSET) GO TO 60

39
40
41

C
C
C

4')

C Stopped due to no data:

CALL RECEIV(,RBUFF"DSW)
Now ~et the packet
IF (DSW.EQ.l) GOTO 60
TYPE *,/RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED AFTER nRECV2lUNSTOPPED. DSW ::: /,DSW
Displa~l E~rr()r
GOTO 1000
messa~e and exit

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

C Displaw data

60
7::=;

CALL R50ASC (6,RBUFF,TASKNM)
! !EX
TYPE 75,TASKNM~(RBUFF(J),J=3,15)
! !EX
FORMAT (/ DATA RECEIVED BY BRECV2 A ://1X,3 ! !EX
lA2,1X,13A2)
! !EX
CONTINUE

100

C Have received 3

55
56
~.i7

Were we stopped due
to no data? If not
(NE), we hav€~ a
data F,acket

1000

messa~es

TYPE *,/BRECV2· HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
CALL EXIT
! Exit
END

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
3.

.TITLE LEX43A
.IDENT 10l./
.ENABl. LC

2
3

Enable lower case

FILE LEX43A.MAC

A second sender to RECV2

9
10
11
1.2
13

This task prompts at TI: a line of text and sends the
data to task RECV2 for processin~.
S~nchronization is
handled through RECV2's stop bit. RECV2 will continue
to run until it receives 3 messa~es. RECV2 and LEX43A
maw be run in an~ order.

1.4

Assemble and task build instructions:

17
1B
19
20
21

MACRO/LIST LS:C1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJLEX43A
LINK/MAP LEX43A,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be installed
under the name RECV2

:~2

23
24

.MCALL
.MCALL

SDATSC,USTPSC,EXIT$S; S~stem macros
TYPE,INPUT,DIRERR; SUPplied macros

'")1::"

.'~J

26
27
2B
29
30
31
32
33
:34
35
36

BUFFER: .BLKB

26.

Send buffeT'

.ENABL

LSB

Enable IDeal
blocks

;
START:: TYPE

INPUT
SDAT$C
BCC
DIRERR

:37
:'~8

39
40
41
42

1$:

USTP$C
BCC
CMP
BEQ

4:~

44
45
46

CMP
BEQ

48
49
50
51

DIRERR
2$:

EXIT$S
.END

s~mbol

<TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS>
tBUFFER,t26.
Issue read
RECV2,BUFFER
Queue data to RECV2
1$
Branch on directive ok
<UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO ·RECV2->
Displa~ error message
and e~·d t
Unstop RECV2
RECV2
2$
Branch on directive ok
Isn't he stopped?
$DSW"tIE.ITS
2$
That's ok, he'll pick
UP data when he
e~·{ecutes RCDS$
$DSW,tIE.ACT
Is he not active?
2$
If not, he'll pick UP
data when activated
<UNABLE TO UNSTOP ·RECV2·> ; An~ other
error is bad
Exit
START

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
PROGRAM LEX43A

2
3
4
5

C FILE LEX43A.FTN

! !EX

C A second sender task to send data to RECV2

I lEX

7
8
9

C This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
C the data to RECV2 for processin~.
The receiver will
C continue to run until it receives 3 messages.
C S~nchronization is handled throush RECV2's stop bit.
C RECV2 and LEX43A ma~ be run in an~ order.

10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18

C Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be
C installed under the name RECV2.
C

20
21
22
23

FOf~MAT

2b
27

~3 :L
~'52

:~3

34
:35

C
C
C

:36

37
38
39
40
41
42

BYTE BUFFER(26)
INTEGER nsw
REAL RECV2
DATA RECV2/SRRECV21
INTEGER IEITS,IEACT
DATA IEITS,IEACT/-8,-71

Sf.~nd

buff€~ r

Receiving task name
ErT'or mnemonics

TYPE *,'TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS'
READ (5,5) BUFFER

24
25
28
29
30

! 'EX
'!EX

C.~~6A1)

CALL SEND(RECV2,BUFFER"DSW) , Send data to RECV2
IF (DSW.EO.l) GOTO 10
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO aRECV2 u • DSW = '
l..,DSW
CALL USTP(RECV2,DSW)
Unstop RECV2
IF (DSW.EQ.l) GOTO 20
! Branch on directive ok
IF (DSW.EQ.IEITS) GOTO 20 ! Isn't he stopped?
That's ok., he'll pick
UP data when he
e~·{ecl.Jt.es Ii:CDS$
IF (DSW.EQ.IEACT) GOTO 20 ! Is he not. active? If
! not, he'll pick UP
data when activated
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO UNSTOP aRECV2 a • DSW = ',DSW
! An~ other error is bad
CALL EX I T ' E~·d. t
END

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
.TITLE:
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
2
3
4

RECV2
lOll
LC

; Enable lower case

FIl.E LEX43B.MAC
6

7
8
9
10

Modified to recieve onl~ from LEX43A ;;EX
NOTE: THE TASK WILL EXIT WITH A NO DATA QUEUED ERROR;;EX
IF SEND2 SENDS DATA AND UNSTOPS THE TASK. MORE
;;EX
COMPLICATED CODING IS NEEDED TO HAVE THIS TASK
;;tx
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TASKS WHICH SEND DATA AND UNSTOP;;EX
IT
;;EX

12
L'5

14
15

This task receives data from another task. It prints
the data, alon~ with a header, on TI:.
Then it waits
for another data packet, continuins this until it has
received 3 messages.

16
17
18
19

20
21
22

This task s~nchronizes with its sender usin~ RCSTS.
Because of this s~nchronization, the tasks can be run
in an~ order, with an~ relative priorities.

2~5

Assemble and task-build instructions:

>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:RECV2 LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
->RARY,dev:[ufdJLEX43B
~;EX
>LINK/MAP RECV2,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

26
27
28
29
30

Install and run instructions: RECV2 (LEX43B) must be;;EX
installed under the name RECV2.
;;EX

~31

32
3~3

34
:~5

;

~:S6

RBUFF:

37
38

.MCALL
.MCALL

RCSTSC,RCVDSC,EXITSS; S~stem macros
TYPE,DIRERR
SUPplied macros

.BLKW

15.

Receive buffer

.ENABL

tSB

Enable local

;

40
41
42
43
44
45

START: MOV
RECEIV: RCSTSe

Bce
DIF~ERR

*3,R5
LEX43A,RBUFF

s~mbol

blocks

Set UP messaSe counter
Receive from Just ;;EX
LEX43A
;;EX
5S
Branch on directive ok
<RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN ·RECV2·>
Disp!aw error messaSe
and m,dt

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
47
48

49
50
51
52
53
54
55

56
57
58

59
60
61
62
63
64
6~5

66
67

68
69
70
71
72
7~5

1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12

13
14
15

16
17

18
19

20
21,

; Successful receipt or unstopped by another task. First
check for unstopped after bein~ stopped, in which case
; we have to receive the data
5$:
CMP
$DSW,tIS.SET
Were we stopped due to
no data
BNE
6$
If not, we have a data
packet
RCVD$C LEX43A,RBUFF
Now get the packet
BCC
6$
; Branch on directive ok
DIRERR (RECEIVE DIR FAILED AFTER "RECV2" UNSTOPPED>
Display error message
; and e~·d t
Displa~
TYPE
(DATA RECEIVED BY "RECV2":>
te~·~t and
TYPE
tRBUFFt4,t26.
; data sent
R~j,RECEIV
SOB
pecrement messa~e
counter. Receive a~ain
if haven't received 3
yet
R5
;;EX
DEC
BE(~
DONE
;;EX
RECEIV
;;EX
JMP
DONE:
TYPE
("RECV2 HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL NOW EXIT>
TYF'e eHi t
meSSfjge
EXIT$S
.END
START
;

PROGRAM RECV2
C
C FILE LEX43B.FTN
C

! !EX

! !EX
C Modified to receive only from LEX43A
C NOTE: TASK WILL EXIT WITH A NO DATA QUEUED ERROR IF! !EX
! !EX
C SEND2 SENDS DATA. MORE COMPLICATED CODE IS NEEDED
C TO CHECK FOR SEND2 SENDING DATA AND UNSTOPPING RECV2! !EX
C
C This task receives data from another task

(e.~. SEN(2).
Then
C It prints the data, alon~ with a header, on TI:.
C it waits for another data packet, continuin~ this
C until it has received 3 messages.C
C This task synchronizes with its sender using RCST.
C Because of this sYnchronization, the tasks can be run
C in any order, with any relative priorities.
C
! !EX
C Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be
C installed under the name RECV2.
! !EX
C

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
22
23
24
2=;
26
27
2B
29
30

C
INTEGER RBUFF(15)
INTEGER DSW,ISSET
REAL TA8KNM
DATA TASKNM 16RLEX43AI
DATA I88ET/21

Recf.d ve buffe r
Task name array
L!EX
Task name in Radix-50! !EX
DSW code mnemonic

C
C

DO 100, 1=1,3
.
CALL RCS~(TASKNM,RBUFF,DSW) ! Receive from LEX43A
IF (DSW.GE.O) GOTO 50
Twpe *,/RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN 'RECV2 1 •
1 DSW
I,DSW
Displaw error messa~e
GOTO
1000
and exit

3:L

32
~53
:~4

:~5
~56

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

C Successful receipt or unstopped bw another task. First
C check for unstopped after bein~ stopped, in which case
C we have to receive the data
50
IF (DSW.NE.ISSET) GOTO 60
Were we stopped due
C
to no data? If not
C
(NE), we have a
C
data packet
C Stopped due to no data:
CALL RECEIV(TASKNM,RBUFF"DSW)
! Now ~et the! !EX
C
! packet
IF (DSW.EQ.l) GOTO 60
TYPE *,/RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED AFTER 'RECV2'
lUNSTOPPED. DSW = I,DSW
Display error
GO TO 1000
meS5a~e and exit
C Di5pla~ data
60
TYPE 75,(RBUFF(J),J=3,15)
75
FORMAT (' DATA RECEIVED BY IRECV2 1 :'/IX,13A2)
100
CONTINUE
C Have received 3 messa~es
TYPE *,/IRECV2 1 HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
1000
CALL EXIT
! L·d t
END

5(3

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
4.

+TITLE
+IDENT
+ENABL

3
4
c·
~

6
7

8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
1.6
17
18
19
20
21
~~ ~~

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

31
:32
33
~~4

:35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

SPAWN

/02/

Enable lower case

File LEX44.MAC
This pro~ram spawns MCR ••• , passes it a series of ;;EX
command lines, waits for each to exit, and
;;EX
displa~s each command's exit status.
;;EX
Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LS:[1,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:(ufdJLEX44
LINK/MAP LEX44,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
.MCALL
.MCALL
.NLIST

SPWN$,EXITSS,WTSE$C,QIOW$S,QIOW$C
S~stelTl macros
DIRERR,IOERR
SUF-P lied mac ros
Inhibit listin~ of
BEX
binar~ extensions

CMD1:
.ASCII -PIP *.MAC/LILEN1
=.-CMD1
CMD2:
• ASCI I /ACT /
LEN2 :::: +···CMD2
CMD3:
.ASCII /TIM/
LEN3 ~..: +-CMD3

Command line
of command

Len~th

.ASCII /SPAWN IS STARTING AND WILL SPAWNI
Startup messa~e
+ASCII / MCR COMMANDSI
::::+-SMES
Len~th of messaSe
LSMES
.EVEN
I/O status block
lOSB:
.BLKW
2
Exit status block
EXSTAT: .BLKW
8.

SMES:

CMDTBL: .WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
SPAWN:

CMD1,LEN:I.
CMD2,LEN2
CMD3,LEN3

Table inde}·dns
MCR command!5

End

of tctble

; ;EX
; ; EX
; ;EX
; H::X
; ;EX
;;EX
; ;EX

; a::x

; ;EX
; ;EX
; ; EX
; ;EX

SPWN$

; Output messa~e buffer
.BI... KB
80.
BUFF:
; Format strin~:
FMT:
.ASCII /XNSPAWN REPORTING: COMMAND I
;;EX
.ASCIZ I COMPLETED. EXIT STATUS WAS XD.ZNI
;;EX
.EVEN
START: QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1"IOSB~,<SMES,LSMES,40>
BCS
ERR1D
Branch on dir error
49
TSTB
IOSB
Check for liD error
50 r
BlT
ERR11
Branch on I/O error
~51

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
52
53
54
~55

56
57
58

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

MOV
MOV
GETCMII: MOV
BEQ
MOV
ItIR$
BCS
WTSE$C
BCS
BIC

tCMDTBl,R3
tSf'AWN,R4
(R3)+,S.f'WCA(R4);
DONE
(R3)+,S.PWCl(R4);
R4
ERR2
1
ERR3
t177400,EXSTAT

MOV
MOV
MOV
CAll
cnOW$S

R3 ::)- command table ; ;EX
;;EX
R4 =)- Sf'AWN Df'B
Set C t")1TI1TI and ad r..ir'e f.'; $ ; ; EX
; ; EX
If 0, end of list
; ;[X
Command lensth
;;EX
S?awn MCR •••
Br(lmch on dir ~~rror
Wait for t,ask to e:·dt
BT'anch on dir error
Clf.!.ar' high oT'der b!:lte
of e~·dt statl.JS
Set IJF' feu' $EItMSG

tBUFF"RO
tFMT,Rl
tEXSTAT,R2
; Edit statlJs meSS(3ge
$EDMSG
tIO.WVB,tS"t1"tIOSB,,(tBUFF,Rl,t40>
Iti!:1F,la!:l e:·dt status
BCS
ERR4It
BT'anch on dir e r 1'0 T'
Check. for 1/0 error
TSTB
IOS~
Branch on 1/0 erT'or
BlT
ERR41
;;EX
Get neNt commc3nd
GETCMD
BR
; ENit
~ ;EX
EXIT$S
DONE:
; Error handling code Dis?lay error message and e:d.t,
ERR1D: . [tIRERR <ERROR WRITING STARTUP MESSAGE>
tIOSB,<:ERROR WRITING STARTUP TEXT>
ERR1I: IOERR
~;EX
ERR2:
ItIRERR <ERROR SPAWNING MCR>
ERR3:
DIRERR <ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG>
p;EX
ERR4It: ItIRERR <ERROR WRITING EXIT STATUS>
~;EX
tIOSB,<ERROR WRITING EXIT STATUS>
ERR4I: IOERR
START
.END

Using' Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
("l

10
11

12
13
14
15

16
17

PROGRAM SPWN
C
C File lEX44.FTN
C
C This proSram spawns ••• DCL, passes it a series of
C command lines, waits for each to exit, and
C displaws each command's exit status.
C
C Data
INTEGER EXSTAT(8),PLIST(6),DSW
BYTE BUFF(80)
C Commands to be spawned:
C
C
C
C
C

:1.8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
~jO

!!EX
! !EX
, 'EX

, !EX

DIR *.MAC
SHOW TASKS/ACTIVE
SHOW TIME

! 'EX
, 'EX
! !EX

REAL CMD(5,3)
DATA CMD/'DIR ','*.MA','C'
, 0
,0,
1
'SHOW',' TAS','KS/A','CTIV','E',
2
'SHOW',' TIM/,'E'
,0
, 0/
INTEGER lEN ( :-S)
DATA LEN/9,17,9/

, !EX
! !EX

C
REAL DCl
DATA DCl/6R ••• DCl/
C
C Code

WRITE (5,15)
, Write messa~e
FORMAT (' SPAWN IS STARTING AND WILL SPAWN "
1 ' DCl COMMANDS')
! ! EX
DO 30,1=1,3
CALL SPAWN (DCL , ,',1, , EXSTAT, , CMD ( 1 , I ) , LEN ( I )
1 " , DSW)
, ! EX
Spawn DCl
IF (DSW.lT.O) GOTO 900
Branch on dir error
CAll WAITFR(I,DSW)
Wait for task to exit
IF (DSW.lT.O) GO TO 910
Branch on dir error
WRITE (5,25) EXSTAT(I).AND. a 377 , Displaw low
, bwte of exit status
25
FORMAT (' SPAWN REPORTING: COMMAND COMPLETED.',
1 ' EXIT STATUS WAS ',II,'.')
30
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT
, Exit
C Error handling code
900
TYPE *,'ERROR SPAWNING DCl. DSW = ',DSW
GOTO 1000
910
TYPE *,~ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG. DSW - ',DSW
1000
CALL EXIT
END
15

Using. O.irectives; for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
5.

1
2
3
4

.TITLE
.IIIENT
• ENA[IL

.;t

LEX45A
lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX45A.MAC

Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part A, parent
task

8
9

10
11
12

Task spawns LEX45B .and re~orts status of that task.
is throu~h an AST routine.

S~nchronization

1~5

14
15
16

17
18
19
2()

21
2~5

24
25
26
27

28
29
30

;
010:

$EIIMSG
CLEF$,WTSE$C,SPWN$C,EXIT$S,OIOWS,PIRS
SETF$C,CNCT$C,ASTX$S,QIOWSC,ABRT$C
IIIRERR

cnOW$

IO.WVB,5,2",,{OUTBUF,0,40>

.ASCIZ
• ASCIZ
• ASCIZ
• BLKB
.EVEN

IOFFSPRING %1. STATUS - %II%NI
IEMITTED STATUSI
IEXITEII/
200.

START:

.ENABLE LSB
MOV
tQIO,R4
IIIR$
tCLEF

1S:

BCS
SPWNSC
BCS
WTSESC

4()

41
42
43

44
4~5

46
47
413

OFEMST or OFEXIT
status block

Offsprin~

;

MSG:
OFEMST:
OFEXI T:
OUTBUF:

35
36
37
38
39

; Set msS

I en~th I ate T'

CLEF$
CLEF:
1
; SEIIMSG ar~ument block:
EIIMARO: .WORII
OFEMST
STATUS: .BLKW
8.

31
32

.GLOBL
.MCALl
.MCALL
.MCALL

2S:

BCS
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOVB
MOV
BMI
MOV
CALL
MOV

1:;:4 => QIOWS IIPB
CLEF 1, used to swnch
with AST routine

ERR1.

SF,awn LEX45B
LEX45B""""ASTRTN,STATUS
ERR2
1
Wait until AST occurs
and AST routine sets
flag
ERR3
tOUTBUF, RO .
RO => SEIIMSG output
tMSG,R1
R1 => SEDMSG input
tEIIMAr~G, R2
R2 => SEIIMSG ar~ument5
STATUS,R5
Extend sisn on status
bwte, also keep in R5
R5,STATUS
2S
Minus values mean EMST
tOFEXIT,EIIMARG
>= 0 ITIf~anS EXIT
SEIIMSG
R1,Q.IOPLt2(R4)
Load messaSe len~th

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
51

52
53
~7i4

55
56

57
58

3$:

QIOW$ to TI:

DIR$
BCS
TST
BGE
[lIR$
BCS
BR
EXIT$S

R4
ERR4
R5
3$
t:CLEF
ERR5
1$

DIRERR
DIRERR

{lid offspring e~·dt'?
Yes
No. Clear EF 1 again
Wait
Once offsprins e~·d ts,
so should parent

~:)9

60
61
62
63
64
65
66

;

ERR1:
ERR2:
ERR3:
ERR4:
ERR5:

DH~ERR

DIRERR
DIRERR

AST routine, entered when offsprins emits status
(negative status value) or exits (positive status

1.,9

v (!~ 11.JE:~ )

f.,7

70
71
72
73
74
75
76

ASTRTN: SETF$C
BCS
eMP
BEQ·
TST
BGE

78
CNCT$C
BCS
TST
ASTX$S

80
81
82
83
84
85

Awaken main code

ERR6
$[lSW,t:IS.SET

If set, main code is
not read!:l !:let
We've been overrun
OVRRUN
Has offsprins exited?
STATUS
4$
If so, don't tr!:l to
reconnect
LEX45B"ASTRTN,STATUS
ERR7
(SP>+
Clean UP stack from AST
Let main code run

If a new status comes in before we're done with the old
one, somethins is wrons. Stop everwthins.

;

OVRNMS: .ASCII /STATUS RECEIVED BEFORE READY. /
.ASCII / ABORTING BOTH TASKS./
OVRNML = .-OVRNMS
.EVEN

89
90
91

;

92
93

fJVRRUN: QIOW$C
ABRT$C
BCS
EXIT$S

IO.WVB,5,3",,<OVRNMS,OVRNML,40>
LEX45B
Abort offspring
ERR8
E~·dt this task

{lIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR
.EN{I

<ERROR FROM SETF$ IN AST ROUTINE)
<ERROR CONNECTING TO OFFSPRING>
<ERROR ABORTING OFFSPRING>
START

(~4

95
96
97
98

ERR6:
ERR7:

E:RI~8 :

100

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEX45A

C File LEX45A.FTN

4
5
6
7

S
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16

C Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part A, parent
C task
C
C Task spawns LEX45B and reports status of that task.
C Ne~ative status values are used when emittin~ status,
C positive values when exitin~.
C
C Swnchronization is through an event flag.
C·-

C
REAL LEX45B
DATA LEX45B/6RLEX45BI
INTEGER STATUS(S),DSW

17
1.8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

29
30

C
C Spawn LEX45B:

10
C
C

C
C

CALL SPAWN (LEX45By"1"STATUS"",,DSW)
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 900
CALL WAITFR(I,DSW)
! Wait until EXIT or
EMIT STATUS occurs
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 910
IF (STATUS(l).GE.O) GOTO 20
! Offspring exited
Emitted status:
TYPE 15,STATUS(1).OR.-177400 ! Displaw status,
neS si~n extended
to get ne~ vallJe
FORMAT (' OFFSPRING EMITTED STATUS. STATUS = "

:~1

114/)

:~2

CALL CNCT (LEX45B,I"STATUS"DSW) ! Reconnect
IF (DSW.LT.O) GO TO 920
GOTO 10
! Wait for next status

3:·5

34
35

~~6

C Offspring exited:

37
38
39
40
41
42

C
C

4~:S

900

44
45
46

910

4:7
48

920

49
50

1000

TYPE 25,STATUS(I).AND.-377
FORMAT (' OFFSPRING EXITED. STATUS = ',14/)
CALL EXIT
Once offspring exits,
~:;() should parent
TYPE
GOTO
TYPE
GOTO
TYPE
lDSW
CALL
END

*,'ERROR SPAWNING LEX45B. DSW = ',DSW
1000
*,'ERROR ON WAITFR. DSW = ',DSW
1000
*,/ERROR CONNECTING TO OFFSPRING. DSW =
EXIT

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
.TITLE
.IItENT
.ENABL

1
,.)
A.,

4
5

LEX45B
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

File L.EX45B.MAC

Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part B,
offspring task

8
9
10

This task is spawned bv lEX45A. It emits a negative
status every 5 seconds, then exits after 30 seconds
(6 emits¥ then an exit).

12
1.3

14
15

If an emit status fails because this task was not
connected to the parent, another emit status will be
tried 5 seconds later. Two consecutive failures cause
this task to exit with an error messa~e.

16
17
:1.8

19
20
21

This task must be installed under task name LEX45B.
; ....

.MCAL.l
+ MCAL.L.

EMSTSS,QIOWSC,WTSESC,MRKTSC,EXITSS
DI F~ERR

2~}

26
.',)'7
..:.. ...
:?B

.ASCII ILEX45B NOT CONNECTED TO ANY PARENTI
"BYTE
15,:1.2
.ASCII /WILL TRY AGAIN IN 5 SECONDSI
NCNCTI... ::: + .... NCNCT
.EVEN

29
30

STAF(r:

24
'')1::'

,1t:.....J

NCNCT:

3:1.

CL.F~

RO
Rl

MO'v'

:fI:611R3

DEC
BMI
MRKTSC
BCS
DEC

1:;:3

EMSTSS
BeS
CLR
BR
eMF'

lIRO
1S

BNE

ERR2

CL.F~

RO = exit status
Rl = 0 means last
atte~pt to emit status
suceeded. RO < 0 means
it failed because we
were not connected
R3 ,- number of emits
yet to be issued
Set timer (again)'r
Nc) , ,just exit
Set, timer for 5 seconds

34
35

36
37
38
:39
40

EMST:

4:1.
42

EXIT
1,,5,2
ERI~:I.

Use status .::: 0 when
emitting
Emit to parent
Failed. Why?
N(:)te success
Wait for o::J sees to pass
Failed because not
connected?
Any other reason, CHJit

F~O

44
4~)

47
48

1~;:

WAIT
S[lSw,tIE.ITS

s:.~

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
TST
BMI
DEC

!53
~)4

55
!56

QIOW$C
BCS

~j7

59
60
61

WAIT:

63
64
6~:i

EXIT:
;
; Directive errors

61.)

67
68

ERR1:
ERR2:
ERF~3 :
ERF~4 :

6<1

70
71

1,2

13
:L4
1, ~j

16
17
:L8

DIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR
DIF;~ERli

.END

{ERROR ON MRKT$C>
{ERROR EMITTING TO PARENT>
{ERROR ON QIOW$C>
{ERROR ON WTSE$C>
START

PliOGRAM LEX45B

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
<1
10
:L 1

WTSE$C
BCS
BR
EXIT$S

Failed last time too?
Then sive UP
Else note we failed this
time
And announce the
; problem:
IO.WVB,5,2",,{NCNCT,NCNCTL,40>
ERR3
; And trw a9ain in 5 sees
; Wait for 5 sees to pass
1
ERR4
EMST
Exit (with success)
R1
ERR2
R1

C+
C File LEX45B.FTN
C

C Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part B,
C offsprin9 task
C

C This task is spawned bw LEX45A.
It emits a nesative
C status ever~ 5 seconds, then exits after 30 seconds
C (6 emits, then an exit).
C

C If an emit status fails because this task was not
C connected to the parent, another emit status will be
C tried 5 seconds later.
Two consecutive failures cause
C this task to exit with an error meSSBge.
C

C This task must be installed under task name LEX45B.
C-

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

:1,9

INTEGER DSW,IEITS
DATA IEITS/ .... 81
LOGICAL*1 ERLAST

20
21
22
2~5

24
25

C
C

DATA ERLAST/.FALSE./

28
29
~50
:~1

32
:3:'5

34
35
36

37
38

20
C
C

39
40
41

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Error mnemonic
Flas if last EMST
failed because we were
not connected

25
C

30
50

DO 50~I:::1,6
Issue 6 EMSTs
CALL MARK (1,5,2,DSW)
Set timer for 5 seconds
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 900
CALL EMST(,(-I),DSW)
Emit to parent
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 20
Failed. Why?
ERLAST ::: .FALSE.
Note success
GOTO 30
! Wait for 5 sees to pass
IF (DSW.NE.IEITS) GOTO 910 ! Failed for reason
othe T' than not
! connected
IF (ERLAST) GOTO 910
Failed last time too?
Then sive up.
ERLAST ::: .TRUE.
Else note we failed
this time
And announce the
PT'oblem:
TYPE 25
FORMAT ('LEX45B NOT CONNECTED TO ANY PARENT'/
1 'WILL TRY AGAIN IN 5 SECONDS')
And try asain in 5 secs
CALL WAITFR(l,DSW)
! Wait for 5 sees to pass
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 920
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT
Exit (with success)

C
C Directive errors
C
900
TYPE *,'ERROR ON MRKT. DSW::: ',DSW
GO TO 1000
910
TYPE *,'ERROR EMITTING TO PARENT. DSW GOTO 1000
920
TYPE *,'ERROR ON WAITFR. DSW = ',DSW
1000
CALL EXIT
END

',DSW

Memory Management Concepts
TEST / EXERCISE
1.

Write 'M' if the statement applies to mapped systems,
lUI
if
it applies to
unmapped systems, or 'M,U' if it applies to
both.
a.

Physical addresses up to 32K words accessible with
16-bit addressing.

Physical addresses up to l28K words accessible with
l8-bit addressing.

Program relocation possible without having to program
or task-build again.

Detection of memory protection violations.

Program executes only at physical addresses that match
the virtual addresses created by the task builder.

Virtual address limit of 32K words.

Fill in the headings and the missing values in Figure 1.

ADDRESSES

MEMORY

APR

PAR

VALUES

MEMORY

ADDRESSES

....

160000

COMMON
8K WORDS

013422

.....

000000

-I

....

100000

-I

000000
0'\
tSl

20000

TASK

/
01253600

012736

m
><
m
::D
0

m
::::I
m

...
CD

::::I

0
0

::::I

7K WORDS

..........

60000

...
'<
0

COMMON

..........

000000

...

"...
(1),

/
/

til

TK-7751

Figure 1

virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System

Memory Management Concepts
SOLUTION
1.

Write 'M' if the statement applies to mapped systems,
'u' if
it applies to
unmapped systems, or 'M,U' if it applies to
both.
U

Physical addresses up to 32K words accessible with
l6-bit addressing.
(M is also acceptable since 32K
words is the limit of l6-bit addressing even on a
mapped system.)

Physical addresses up to l28K words accessible with
l8-bit addressing.

Program relocation possible without having to program
or task-build again.

Detection of memory protection violations.

Program executes only at physical addresses that match
the virtual addresses created by the task builder.

M,U f •
2.

Virtual address limit of 32K words.

Fill in the headings and the missing values in Figure 1.

VIRTUAL
ADDRESSES

VIRTUAL
MEMORY

APR
#

PHYSICAL
MEMORY

PAR
VALUES

PHYSICAL
ADDRESSES

.....

160000

COMMON
8K WORDS

....

000000
120000

3:
CD

013422
_.6

140000

"--,

013622

.5.

...

0
'<

COMMON

01342200

.....

000000
100000

.4
000000

0'1N

60000

40000

000000

20000

TASK

012736

...

CD
:J

(')

...

't:J

Virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System

TK-7750

Figure 1

012536
_fl

01253600

m
:J
m

rc:

-I

TASK

7K WORDS
0

Overlaying Techniques
TEST IEXERCISE
The following is an output display from a task.
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE G
G CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
Gl RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H
H CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2
H2 RUNNING
MAIN EXITING
The calling sequence parallels the output display.
1.

Draw an overlay tree diagram or a memory allocation
for a possible overlay structure for the task.

Write the modules MAIN, G, Gl, H, HI,
compile each one.

Task-build and run the task without overlays.

Task-build and run the task with all
Obtain a map.

Task-build and run the task with all memory-resident overlays.
Obtain a map.

and

H2.

diagram

Assemble

Obtain a map.

disk-resident

overlays.

Overlaying 'Techniques

TEST IEXERCISE
6.

Task-build and run the task with G, Gl and H in memoryresident overlays,
HI and H2 in disk-resident overlays.
Obtain a map.

Use the map to fill in the following table:
Type of
Overlay

Starting Virtual
Address of G

Starting Virtual
Address of HI

No Overlays
All
Disk-Resident
Overlays
All
Memory-Resident
Overlays
Disk-Resident
and MemoryResident
Overlays

(Optional) Task-build Example 6-5 so that the module TOTAL
in an overlay segment.

(Optional) Modify Exercise 8. Add a subroutine RTOTAL which
displays the running total after each job (e.g., THE TOTAL SO
FAR IS xx).
NOTE 1
For debugging,
place RTOTAL in the root
segment and place all calls to RTOTAL in the
module MAIN.
NOTE 2
Once RTOTAL is debugged, build the task with
RTOTAL in an existing overlay segment.
Place
RTOTAL so that the task executes the fastest.
(Still use autoload, but place RTOTAL to
minimize loading of overlay segments.)

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
The following is an output display from a task.
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE G
G CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
Gl RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H
H CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2
H2 RUNNING
MAIN EXITING
The calling sequence parallels the output display.
1.

Draw an overlay tree diagram or a memory allocation
for a possible overlay structure for the task.

MEMORY ALLOCATION
DIAGRAM

OVERLAY TREE
G1

MAIN

TK-7744

diagram

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

.TITLE MAIN
.IDENT lOll
.ENABLE l.C

1
2

Enable lower case

4
File LEX6A.MAC

6
Mainline routine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overla~s and their effects.

7
B
9

.GLOBL

1l.

.MCALL.

12
1:3
14

.MCALl.

G"H1,H
CnOW$C, EXIT$!3
DIRERR

; Subroutines called

:1.5

;

1,1,

CGMf:>:
.ASCII IMAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
CGMI... ._. • -·CGMS
CH:lMS: .ASCII IMAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE Hil
CH:l.ML .- .--CH1MS
CHMS:
.ASCII IMAIN CALl.ING SUBROUTINE HI
CHML -. .-CHMS
EXMS:
.ASCII IMAIN EXITINGI
EXMl. :::: + ·-EXMS
.EVEN

17
:I.!3
:1.9

20
21
:22

24
25

; For each routine,

27
2EJ
29
:30
31

;

3:~

33
~54

:35
36
:~7
~5B

START:

cnOW$C
BCS
CALL
CnOW$C
BCS

CALL

Hl.

t~pe

messa~e

then call routine

IO.WVBJ5,1",,(CGMS,CGMl.,40)
IOFAIL
IO.WVB,5,1",,(CH1MS,CH1ML,40)
IOFAIL

CnOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(CHMS,CHML,40)
BCS
IOFAIL
CALL
H
CnOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(EXMS,EXML,40)
EXIT$S
IOFAIl.:: DIRERR (ERROR ON QIO TO TERMINAL)
.END
START

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

PROGRAM MAIN

C File lEX6A.FTN

4
5
7
8

C
C Mainline routine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C For each routine, type messaSe then call routine

TYF'E *, ~ MAIN CAl.l.ING SUBROUTINE G~
CAl.L
G
TYPE *"~MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H1~
CAll
H1
TYPE *,~MAIN CAl.LING SUBROUTINE H~
CALL
H
TYPE *,~MAIN EXITING~
CALL EXIT
END

10
11
12
13
14
15
1.6

1?
18

.TITLE

2
3

+IDENT

101/

.ENABL

Enable lower case

File LEX6B.MAC

7
8

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overla~s and their effects.

9
:1.0
11
12
13

.GLOBl
.GLOBL
.MCALL

Gl
IOFAIL
QIOW$C

Subroutine called
Error T'outine

14
:1.5
:1.6
17
:LB
:1.9

20
21

;
CG1MS:

.ASCII IG CALLING SUBROUTINE G11
CG1ML _. .-CG1MS
.EVEN
Type messaSe then call routine

(,' . +

2~5

26
27

ERROR:

CHDW$C
BCS
CALL
RETURN
..JMP
.END

IO.WVB,5,1",,(CG1MS,CG1ML,40>
E I:;: I:;: OR

G1
IOFAIL

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

1
2
3
4
~)

6
7
H
9
:1.0

SUBROUTINE G
C
C File LEX6B.FTN
C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overla~5 and their effects.

C
C T~pe

me5sa~e

then call routine

TYPE *,'G CALLING SUBROUTINE Gl'
CAL. I",
G1

12
:1.3

END

I~ETUF;~N

.TITLE

.IDENT
.ENABL.

2
3
4
1::-

...1

6
7

1.3

"')C!'

A....J

Enable lower case

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overla~s and their effects.

.GL.OBL
.MCALL

IOFAIL
QIOWSC

; Error routine

Messa~,h~~s

G1RlJN:
G 1 RUNl.. ::::

• ASCI I

IG1 RUNNINGI

• --81 RUN

.EVEN
Type messaSe then return

G1::

22
23

/011
l.C

File LEX6C.MAC

9
10
:1.1
12

14
15
16
l7
18
:1.9
20

QIOWSC
BeS

IO.WVB,5,1",,(G1RUN,G1RUNL,40>
ERROR

RETURN
ERROR:

JMP

IOFAIL

.END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
SUBJ~OLJT I NE

1
.~)

c Fi l€~ LEX6C. FTN

-4

,.1

r Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.

6
l
8
9

C
C

I~'

C Illustrate different overlaws and their effects.
T~pe

messa~e

then return

TYPE *,'G1 RUNNING'

I:~ETURN

1.2

END

1
2
3
4

.TrTLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX6D.MAC

5
6

7
8

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overla~s and their effects.

tGLOBL
tGL.OBL.
.MCALL

10
:L 1
12
13

Hl,H2
IOFAIL
QIOW$C

Subroutines called
Error' routine

14
15

;

16
17

CHIMS:
CH1ML =
CH2MS:
CH2ML -

18
19
20
21

22
23

T~pe

26
27

28
29
3':)

messaSe then call routine

QIOW$C
BCS
CALL..
QIOW$C
BCS
CALL

30
31

.ASCII IH CALL.ING SUBROUTINE Hil
.-CH1MS
.ASCII IH CALLING SUBROUTINE H21
.-CH2MS
.EVEN

IO.WVB,5,1",,<CH1MS,CH1ML,40>
ERROR
H1
IO.WVB,5,l",,<CH2MS,CH2ML,40>
ERROR
H2

I~ETURN

ERROR:

JMF'

IOFAIL

.END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

1
2
3

4
5

6
7
B
9

SUBROUTINE H
C

e File LEX6D.FTN
C

C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C

C T~pe messa~e then call routine
C

TYPE *,'H CALLING SUBROUTINE Hi'
CALL. Hi
TYPE *~'H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2'
CALL H2
RETURN
END

10
11
12
13

14
15

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B

.TITLE
.IDENT

lOll

.ENABL

Enable lower case

File LEX6E.MAC
Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

.GI...OBL
• MCALL

1.0
11

IOFAII...
CnOW$C

; Error routine

12
:1.3

Messa~:fes

:1.4-

H:l.F~UN:

16
17

H:I. F~UNL

tB
19

.ASCII IHl RUNNINGI
+ '-'H l RUN
.EVEN

Twpe messaSe then return

2()

Nt::

22
23

ERROR:

aIOW$C
BeS
RETURN
JMP
.END

IO.WVB,5~1",,<H1RUN,H1RUNL,40>

ERROR
IOFAIL

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
1:2

SUBROUTINE Hi
C
C File LEX6E.FTN
C
C Subroutine for Module 6, la~ Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C T~pe messa~e then return
C
TYPE *,'Hl RUNNING'
RETURN
END

.TITlE
.I[tENT
.ENABL.

:2
3

H2
lOll
Enable lower case

I... C

4
cd

6
7
8
9
10
11

File L.EX6F.MAC
Subroutine for Module 6, lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
.GLOBI...
MCALL

; Error routine

IOFAIl
CHOW$C

12
13
14
l ~)

lb
:1.7
18
19
20

'.,,.)

H2RUN:
.ASCII IH2 RUNNINGI
H:2FUJNL.. :::: • ~"H2RUN
.EVEN
T~pe

messa~e

then return

H2::

QIOW$C
BCS
RETURN

IO.WVB,5,1",,<H2RUN,H2RUNL,40>
ERROR

ERROR:

JMP

IOFAIL

".O.h

.END

1
:2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

SUBROUTINE H2
C
C File LEX6F.FTN
C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C T~pe messa~e then return
C
TYPE *,'H2 RUNNING'
RETURN
END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
3.

Module 6, Lab Exercise 3
Task-build command to build MACRO-11 without overlaws
>LINK/MAP LEX6A,LEX6B,LEX6C,LEX6D,LEX6E,LEX6F,-)LB:[1,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
LEX<SA .... MAIN
1... EXcSB .... G
1... EX6C ..- (31
I... FX<SD .-.
I...EX6E ....

H
H1
LEX6F ..- H2

Module 6, Lab Exercise 3
Task-build command to build FORTRAN with no

overla~s

>LINK/MAP LEX6A,LEX6B,LEX6C,LEX6D,LEX6E,LEX6F,-)LB:[1,1JF4POTS/LIBRARY
LEX6A - MAIN
L..EX6B .... G
LEX6C = G1
LEX6D -- H
LEX6E _. Hi
LEX6F .... H':)

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
4.

Module 6, Lab Exercise 4
.ODL file for buildin~ MACRO-11 with all disk resident
ove r 1 a~:,~;;
.R()()T
LEX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*(LEX6B-LEX6C,OVRH)
LEX6D-(LEX6E,LEX6F)
.FCTR
OVFUH
l.EX6A ..~ MAIN
LEXt)B
G
G1
1... EX6C
LEX6D
H
LEX6E - H1
LEX6F
H2
M ••

.END
Module 6y Lab Exercise 4
.ODL file for buildins FORTRAN with all disk-resident
overla~s

HSEGS:
Fl.IB:

.ROOT
• FCTF~
.FCTR

LEX6A-FI...IB-*(I...EX6B-l.EX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
LEX6D-FLIB-(I...EX6E-FLIB,LEX6F-FLIB)
LB:[I,lJF4POTS/LB

LEX6A .- MAIN
LEX6B .- G
LEX6C - Ot
LEX6D -- H
I...EX6E
H:I.
LEX~)F ..
H2
.END
M

Module 6, Lab Exercise 5
.ODL file for MACRO-11 with all

memor~-resident

OVf:? r 1 ('=l!:I~:;
+ F.:()OT

OVRH:

.FCTR

LEX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*!(LEX6B-LEX6C,OVRH)
LEX6D-!(LEX6E,LEX6F)

L.EX6A .... MAIN
LEX6B .... G
LEX6C
81
•• M

I...Ex(~)rr

EX6E
LEX6F

1•••

.END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
Module 6, Lab Exercise 5
.ODL file for FORTRAN with all memorw-resident
HSEGS:
FLIB:

.RODT
.FCTR
.FCTR

overla~s

LEX6A-FLIB-*! (LEX6B-LEX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
LEX6D-FLIB-!CLEX6E-FLIB,LEX6F-FLIB)
LB:[l,IJF4POTS/l.B

;

LEX6A .." MAIN
LEX6B - G
LEX6C .. 8l.
l.EX6D .. H
Hl
l.EX6E
l.EX6F :::1-12
"

.END

Module 6, Lab Exercise 6
+ODL file for MACRO-II with some memorY-resident, some
disk-resident overla~s
.ROOT
l.EX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*'CLEX6B-l.EX6C,OVRH)
(]VI,H:
• FeTt.:
LEX6D- (LEX6E, LEX6F)
l.EX6A ::=MAIN
LEX6B .... G
L.EX6C .... 01.
LEX6D
H
LEX6E .- H:I.
1. . EX6F ..- H2
-"

.END
Module 6, Lab Exercise 6
.ODL file for FORTRAN with some disk-resident, some
memor~-residetn

HSEGS:
FLIB:
;

.RODT
.FCTR
.FCTR

overla~s

'l.EX6A-FLIB-*' (LEX6B-LEX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
LEX6D-FLIB-CLEX6E-FLIB,LEX6F-FLIB)
LB:[I,lJF4POTS/LB

LEX6A _. MAIN
LEX6B .- f':J
LEX6C .. Gl
l.EX6D .- 1-1
LEX6E .- Hi
LEX6F = H2
"

tEND

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
7.

Use the map to fill in the following table:
Type of
Overlay

Starting Virtual
Address of G

Starting Virtual
Address of HI

No Overlays
All
Disk-Resident
Overlays

Answers will vary depending on
students' particular solution.

All
Memory-Resident
Overlays
Disk-Resident
and MemoryResident
Overlays

Module 6, Lab Exercise 8
.ODL file in MACRO-I! to place TOTAL in an overlaw
All overlaws are disk-resident
.ROOT
MAIN-*eA-eJOB1,JOBXX),B,TOTAL)
.END

Module 6v Lab Exercise 8
.ODL file in FORTRAN to place TOTAL in an overlaw
•
All overlays are disk-resident
.ROOT
MAIN-FLIB-*(OVRAyB-FLIB,TOTAL-FLIB)
DVRA:
.FCTR
A-FLIB-eJOB1-FLIBvJOBXX-FLIB)
FLIB:
.FCTR
LB:[!,lJF4POTS/LB
.END
sf~~ment

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
9.

.TITlE
.IDENT
.ENABl

1
:~

4
~5

MAIN
lOll

; Enable lower case

FIL.E LEX69A.MAC

6
?

Modified to call RTOTAL to display the
total after each call to A

runnin~

;;EX
;;EX

10
11
12
13
14
15

16
:I.?

:LB
:1.9
20
21

This proSram prints a messaSe and then calls
subroutine A. Subroutine A asks whether to perform Job
1 or Job 2. It then calls either subroutine JOB1 or
JOB2 which performs the Job and displa~s the results.
MAIN then calls subroutine B. Subroutine B displaws a
messaSe and exits. MAIN then calls subroutine A 3
more times, keepin~ a Srand total of the operations.
Finally, it displa~s the Srand total and exits.
Task-build instructions: Use LEX69A.ODL as the input;;EX
file.

; ..-

;~2

~MCALL

2:~

.NLIST

24
25

eNtension~;

MES:!. :

::!8
29
30

MES2:

~5 1
~.

MES3:

:-5 ~5
:~4

MES4:

:'5 ~.)
:~6

MES~3

37
3B

:39
40

41
4':>
4~5

L.eave space to make
sesment laT'ser
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT IS RUNNING AND WILLI
.ASCII I CALL AI
I...MES1:=:. -··MESl
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIL.l. NDW CAl.L BI
I...MES2 == +··-MES2
.ABCrI ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WILl. NOW CALL AI
L.MES3 ::: +--MES3
.ASCrI ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIl.l. NDW CALl. TOTAL.I
LMES4 ==. --MES4
+ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIL.L NOW EXITI
LMES5 ::::. -MES5
D,GBL,QVR,REL,RW ; PSECT for data
.,PSECT OTHER
.WORD
5
1 s t Of-~e rand
address of operation
+WORD
OF'
in ASCII
2r,d operand
+WORD
2
Answer to operation
.BLKW
1
.BL.KW

26
27

QIOWSC,EXITSS,QIOWSS ; SUPplied macros
BEX
Do not list binarw

OP1:
OF'2:
ANS:

44
4~i

46
47
48
49
50

TOT: :
OF': :

.F'SECT
.EVEN
.WORD
.BLKB
.EVEN

Back to blank F'SECT
Move to word boundary
Total
Operand in ASCII
Move to word boundary

0
1

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
51
~52
~:;:~

54
56
57
:58

59
60
61
62
b:~

64
b~5

66
67

68
69
70
7:1.
72
73

1
2

QIOW$C
CAl.L
CALL

IO.WVB,5,1",,{MES1,LMES1,40> ;Write MES1
A
Call subroutine A
; ; EX
RTOTAL
Call routine to
; ; EX
d i sp I a~ runrd rig
; ; EX
;
total
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,{MES2,LMES2,40> ;Write MES2
CALL
B
Call subroutine B
; Set UP for loop
MOV
i3,R4
;'Counter
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,{MES3,LMES3,40>; Write MES3
LOOP:
CLR
ANS
Clear answer in case
of no operation
CALL
A
Call subroutine A
CALL
RTOTAl.
Call routine to
displa~ running
;;EX
total
;;EX
SOB
R4,LOOP
Decrement counter and
;
loop back until done
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,:I.",,{MES4,LMES4,40>; Write MES4
CALl.
TOTAL
.; Ca 11 rout i ne to
;
display grand total
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,{MES5,LMES5,40>; Write MES5
EXITSS
; Exit
.END START
START:

PROGRAM MAIN

C
C FILE LEXb9A.FTN

1:."

6
7
8
~:>

:1.0
1t
12
13
14
1. .JC~
16

! !EX

r Modified to call RTOTAL to display the running
f'

after each call to A

! !EX
! !EX

C
C This program prints a messaSe and then calls subroutine

C A. Subroutine A asks whether to perform Job :I. or Job 2.P
C It then calls either subroutine JOBl or JOB2 which
C performs the operation and displaws the results. MAIN
C then calls subroutine B which displaws a message. MAIN
C then calls subroutine A 3 more times, keeping a grand
C total of the operations. Finally, it displays the
C grand total and exits.
C
C Task-build instructions: Use LEX69A.ODL as the input! !EX

1.7
18
19

C input file for RTOTAL in the best overlay seSment

C file for RTOTAL in the root. Use LEX69B.ODL as the

! !EX
! !EX

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

COMPLEX DUMMY(1024)

26
27

33
;·54

3~j

:36
37
:~B

39
4()

41
4':>

C
:1.0

C
C

47
4B
49
~)()

! Leave space to make
segment larger
COMMON IOTHER/OP1,QP,OP2,ANS
INTEGEROP1,OP,OP2vANS
DATA OPl,OP2/5,21
COMMON ITOTCOM/TOT
I NTEGEF~ TOT

! Total

TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT IS RUNNING AND WILL
leALL A'
Call subroutine A
CALL A
Call subroutine ! !EX
CALL I:;:TOTAL
RTOTAL to displa~! !EX
running total
! ! EX
TYPE *, , THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL NOW CALL B'
! Call subroutine B
CAL.L B
DO 1(), I::::l,:~
TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT WIl.L NOW CALl. A'
Clear answer in case
I~NS .- 0
of no of'eration
Call subroutine A
CALL. A
Call subroutine ! !EX
CAl.L. RTOTAl.
RTOTAL to displa~! !EX
the running total! !EX
TYPE *,,"THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL CALL TOTAL'
! Call routine to
CALL.. TOTAl... (TOT)
displa~ grand total
TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL NOW EXIT'
CAl.I... EXIT
! EXIT
END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
2
3
4

RTOTAL
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX69B.MAC

Subroutine to print the running total

7
8
9

.MCALL
.NLIST

11
12
13
1.4
15

RTOFMT: • ASell
RTOTBF: • BU"B
.EVEN
.NLIST

RTOTAL::MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
QIOWSS

lB
19
20
21
22
23

QIOW$S
BEX

External s~stem macros
Do not list binar~
e~·~t,ens:i. ons
ITHE TOTAL SO FAR IS %D.I ;Format string
100.
Output buffer
BEX

List binar~ extensions

tRTOTBF,RO
Set UP for SEDMSG
#RTOFMT,Rl
ITOT,R2
SEDMSG
; Edit messaSe
tIO.WVB,iSvily"y(#RTOTBF,Rly#40>
y P l' i nt it

RETURN
.END

SUBROUTINE RTOTAL
C

C FILE LEX69B.FTN
C

C Subroutine to print the running total
6
7
8
9
1.0
11
12

COMMON ITOTCOM/TOT
INTEGEF~ TOT
TYPE 5,TOT
FORMAT(' THE TOTAL SO FAR IS', 14,'.')
RETURN
END

Module 6, Lab Exercise 9
.ODL file in MACRO-ll, placinS RTOTAL in the root
segment for testins
; All overla~s are ffiemor~-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-LEX69B-*!CA-!(JOB1,JOBXX),B,TOTAL)
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
LEX69B :::: RfOTAL
• ENl)

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

Module 6v Lab Exercise 9
.ODL file in FORTRAN, placinS RTOTAL in the root
sesment for testins
; All overlaws are memorw-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-LEX69B-FLIB-*!(OVRA,OVRB,TOTAL-FLIB)
aVRA:
.FCTR
A-FLIB-!(JOBI-FLIB,JOBXX-FLIB)
OVRB:
+ FCTR
B-FL I B
FLIB:
.FCTR
LB:Cl,lJF4POTS/LB
LEX69A - MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
LEX69B _. RTOTAL
.END

Module 6, Lab Exercise 9
.OD( file in MACRO-ll, placinS RTOTAL in the best
All overlshls are memors-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-*! (A-LEX69B-! (JOB1,JOBXX),BvTOTAL)
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
LEX69B :::: RTOTAL
~END

Module 6, Lab Exercise 9
.ODL file in FORTRAN, placinS RTOTAL in the best
ove r 1 a~~ segment
All overlays are memorY-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-FLIB-*!(OVRA~OVRB,OVRC)
aVRA:
.FCTR
A-LEX69B-FLIB-!(JOBI-FLIB,JOBXX-FLIB)
OVRB:
.FCTR
B-FLIB
OVRe:
.FCTR
TOTAL .... FI...IB
FLIB:
.FCTR
LB:[1,lJF4POTS/LB
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAI...
LEX69B :: frrOTAL
.END

Static Regions
TEST / EXERCISE
1.

Create an initialized resident common (size:
32(10) blocks =
1024(10)
words, contents:
25(10) in each word).
Check with
your course administrator to find out where to place the
common type partition. Write two tasks, one that modifies all
values in the common, and one that reads the values and
displays them.

Create a resident library using the supplied FORTRAN callable
subroutines AADD, SUBB, MULL and DIVV (all in LIB.MAC). Write
a task that calls one or more of the routines.
For example,
write a
task that asks for four numbers (A, B, C, and D) and
then computes' and displays (A * B) + (C * D) = answer.

Static Regions
SOLUTION
1.

:I.
2
3

.TITLE LEX71A

I::"

.IDENT

lOll

.ENABL

Enable- lower case

File LEX71A.MAC

....'

ProSram which creates and initializes a common region
which will be referenced using overlaid Psects.

B
9

Size 1024. words, contents all 25's

10
11
1 ')

Task-build instructions: Must include ISHAREABLE:COMMON
and INOHEADER switches; STACK=O and PAR=COMWP options.
Must create .STB file. Ma~ be ICODE:PIC or absolute
(default).

1:3
14
:I. ~5
11.>
:1.:7

; The code is placed in a Psect named MYDATA
; ....

:1.9

• r~EPT

• WOr';:D
.ENDR
.END

r)",)
4°• • •0. .

2~3

BLOCK DATA LEX7:1.A

1
,.)
A"••

34
5
6

ReF,eat count
Word of 25(10)
End repeat range

1024.
25.

C
C
C

C Pro~ram to create and initialize a resident common
C

9
:1.0
11
:I. ')

C Size is 1024 words, initialized with all 25's
C
C Task-build instructions: Must include ISHAREABLE:COMMON
C and INOHEADER switches; STACK=O and PAR=COMWP options.
C Must create .STB file. Ma8 be ICODE:PIC or absolute
C (the default). OTS librarw NOT reGuired.

1.4
:L ~j
16

COMMON IMYDATA/·I(:l.024)
DATI~ I 11024*25/
END

Static Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE LEX7:1.B
.IDENT lOll
• ENAI~L I... C

1
3
4

Enable lower case

FILE LEX7:J.B.MAC
6

7
8

This

decremtents the values in the static common
LEX7:1.A. It uses the techni~ue of overlaid Psects
to reference the reSion.

9
:1.0

:1.1
12

Task-build instructions:
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX71B
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RW
Opti on'~ <I:;:ET>

:I. ~~

14
1.5
16

.MCALL
.PSECT

17
18
1,9

t~sk

re~ion

M::: +

26
27

IOSn:
AI:;:G:

.PSECT
.BLKW
.BLKW

BUFF:
FEI:;:I:;::!. :

.BL.I-(H
.ASCIZ

FERI:~2

ASC 1:1

29
~30

DONE:

~~ :I.
~32

LDONE

34
~3~)

~:S6

STAI:;:T:

.I~SCII

.ASCII
:::: +.... DONE
::::I.()24.
.EVEN

QIOWSS,EXITSS
MYDATA D,GBLvOVR

S~stem macros
Psect used in COMWP
local s~mbol for start
of T'e~!t :i. on
Back to blank Psect
2
1/0 status block
1,
Ar~ument block for
f.~ r 1'0 T' codf.~
1,00.
Output buffer
IDIR ERROR ON aIO. CODE = %DI ; Directive

; Word count in resion
Startins addr of data
i n thf:'~ T'f.·~~.t :i. on
Loop count
Decrement value
Loop back if not done

MOV

41
4':>
4~:S

44
45
46

47
48
49

MOV
DEC
SOB
CnOW$S
BCS
TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S
; Error code
EI=<I:;:OI=<: MOV
MOV
BR
LOOP:

!I/O ERROR ON aID. CODE = %D! ~ 1/0 error
; m(-?!:;sa~t(·:~
Don€~
ILEX7:1.B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUESI
ITI €~ ~:; !:; <~ ~ (.:~
I IN THE COMMON LEX7:1.AI

:~7

~59

tW,R5
(R2)+
R5~LOOP

tIO+WVByt5vt1",.IOSBv~<tDONE,#LDONE,.40>

ERROR
10SB
ERROR:I.,

Check for dir error
Check for 1/0 error
Branch on I/O error
ENlt

S[lSW ~ AF~G
:IJ:FERR :1. l' F~:I.

Move DSW to ar~ block
Addr of format strin~
Branch to SEDMSG code

SETUP

Static Regions
SOLUTION

EF~ROI:;:l

: MOVB
MOV

c:- r )

,J.:..

~j~J

~54

SETUP:

~:55

MOV
MOV
MDV
CALL.
CnOW$S

Extend si~n on I/O
status and place in
ar~j block
tFERR2,Rl
Addr of format strins
tBUFF,RO
Addr of output buffer
tARG,R2
Addr of ar~ument block
$EDMSG
Edit messaSe
iID~WVB,t5~il"y~<tBUFF,Rl,#40> ; Write
RO~ARG

:5B

EXIT$S
.END

1
r)

.:..

3
4
0::.

...1

6
7
B
<l

10
11
:1.2
13
14
1 ~:j
16

l7
18

F'ROCH-;;AM L.EX71B
C
C
C
C Task to decrement each word in the static common
C reSion L.EX71A. It uses a COMMON to reference
C the data.
C
C Task-build instructions:
C

C
C

C
f'
C

21
I")r)

Il. .....

23
2·4
'")c:"

.(..J

COMMON /MYDATA/ L(1024)! Common to reference
shared re~ion
DE.'crement values
DO 5 K::::1, 1024
L (K ):::L (K) -··1

LINK/MAP/OPTION L.EX71B~LB:[1,1]FOROTS/LIBRARY
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RW
Opti on'r <RET>

CONTINUE
WRITE (5,10)
! Displa~ done messa~e
FORMAT (' LEX71B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUES IN THE
1 COMMON LEX71A/)
CALL EXIT
END

Static Regions
SOLUTION

.TITI...E L.EXilC
.IDENT IOl/
.ENABI... LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX7:1.C.MAC
6

This task ~ets the values from the static common
re~ion LEX7lA. It uses the techniaue of overlaid Psects
to reference the re~ion.

i
B
9
:J.O

1. :I.

Task-build instructions!

1 ':)

>L.INK/MAP/OPTION LEX7:1.C
Option? RESCOM=LEX7lA/RO
Opt :i. on? <F~ET>

:1. :~

:L4
1. ~5
1..!\

l7
1B
19

.MCAL.L
.PSECT

QIOWSS~EXIT$S

MYDATA

D~GBL,OVR

M:::: +

2()

.PSECT
JOSB:
AI=i:G:

.BLKW

BUFF:
FMT:

, • BL.KB
.ASCIZ

FERRl:

.ASCIZ

• ASC J Z

29
:~()

S~stem macros
; Psect used in COMWP
local s~mbol for start
T'f.·)~.~:i.on

of'

2:1.

26
27

;

FE}~R2

+ I31... J\W

Back to blank Psect
~~
I/O statu~:; block
1
Ar~ument block for
f:') r ro T' cc)df.·)
l O().
()1..Jtput buffe·:·) T'
/%8DI
Format strin~ for
output of data
IDIR ERROR ON QIO. DSW = %DI ; Directive
; error me5sa~e
! I /0 EI=i:I=i:Of~ ON CH O. CODE :::: %D! , I/O (.? T' T'()l"'
meS5a~e

31
~52

Loop count - :1.28. linesy

N::::128.

3:3

~5b

::r?

;
STAI:~T

MClV

:If:M y R2

L.OOP!

42
43
44
4~5

addr of data
the T'e!J.(:i.on
Loop count
Output buffer
Format 5trin~
Edit messa~e

Sta~

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALI...
QIOWSS
BCS
TSTH
BLT
here for
SOB

tN,R5
IBUFF,RO
IFMT,R:I.
SEDMSG

*JO+WVB,#5,i:l."tIOSH,~<iBUFF,Rl,*40>

ERROR
IOSB
ERRORl
~ood write

Check for dir error
Check for 1/0 error
Branch on 1/0 error

1:;:5 ~ LOOP

Decrement counter, loop
back if not ~et done

4<1

J.:inf.~

:i.n

P('?T'

Startin~

~5B

4()

:J~1

.EVEN

3~'=;

EXIT$S

E~<i t

Static Regions
SOLUTION
; E T' rc:) r

CCH:if?

Em~(H;::

MDV
MDV
BI~

ERI~C)f;:

1: MDVB
MDV

SETUP:

MOV
MDV
MOV
CALI...
CHOW$S

SDSW,ARG

Move DSW to ar~ block
Addr of format strinS
SETUP
Branch to SEDMSG code
I OSB, 1:;;0
Extend siSn on I/O
I:~O y ARG
status and ~lace in
ar'~j block
tFEI:~R2!1 F~:I.
Addr of format strins
:I=BlJFF y RO
Addr of output buffer
#ARGyR2
Addr of ar~ument block
SEDMSG
Edit messaSe
IIO.WVBlIIS,#1",,<tBUFF,R:I.,i40) ; Write
:IJ:FEI~I:;::I. ,1:;::1.

IT! f..~ ~:; !:; a ~:j (.:.~

EXITSS
.END

;

E:·dt

START

PROGRAM LEX71C

1
")

h..

3
4

C File LEX71C.FTN

I::'

C Task to read data from the static common region LEX71A
C and print it out at TI:. It uses a COMMON to reference
C the data.

6
'7
8

r Task-build instructions:

CLINK/MAP/OPTION LEX71C,LB:[1,lJFOROTS/LIBRARY
C
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RO
Option? <RET)
C

1 ':)

13
14
15
16

17
18
19

20
21
22
23

COMMON /MYDATA/ L(1024)! Common to reference
shared region
C Loop through to display regiony 8 numbers on a line
DO 50 J :::: 1,1024,8
WRITE (5,10) (L(K),K::::J,J+7) ! Write values
10
FORMAT (' '~I2Y7I8)
50
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT
END

Static Regions
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE
• I DENT
.ENABL

1
'">

.:0.

3
4
5
6
7
8
9

LEX72
lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX72.MAC
Solution to Module 7, Lab Exercise 2
Task computes sum of products usin~ resident librar8
rc.HJ tines.

10
11
12

Assembl8 and task build instructions:

MACRO/LIST LB:[1~1]PROGMACS/LIB,dev:[ufdJLEX72
LINK/MAP/OPTIONS LEX72,LB:(1,lJPROGSUBS/LIB
Option? RESLIB=LIB/RO

14
1 ~)
16

; ._.

.MCALL
.MCALL
.GLOBl
.GLOBL

19
20
21
22

23
24

.'- ,.,
,">C~

2l
2B

29
30
:11

32
~53

34
35
36
37
~:~B

:39

40
41
4")
.:...
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
~jO

QIOWS~QIOWSS,QIOWSC,DIRS,EXITSS

DIRERR,IOERR
SCDTB,SEDMSG
MULL,AADD

; Routines in SYSlIB
; Routines in librar8 LIB

Me~;;sa~jes

HDRMS:

.ASCII ITASK WILL COMPUTE (A*B)+(C*D)/<15><12>
.ASCII IENTER NUMBERS IN DECIMAl.I
HDRML :::: • ····HDRMB
AF'J=\:MT:
.ASCII IENTEF~ A: I
Len~th of p romF,t
PLEN .... • -··APRMT
(assumed to be all the
sallIe lensth)
BPRMT: .ASCII IENTER B: I
CF'RMT: .ASCII IENTER C: I
DPRMT: .ASCII IENTEJ:;: D: I
; ASCII buffers
ASCA:
.BLKB
7
ABcn:
.BLKB
7
ASCC:
.BLKB
7
ASCD:
.BLKB
7
OUTBUF: .BLKB
80.

ASCII for A's value
Same fOT' B
C
D

; SEDMSG format strinS
EDMFMT: .ASCIZ IZN(ZVA * ZVA) + (ZVA * %VA) - ZDI
.EVEN
FORTRAN-compatible ar~ument blocks:
MULARG: .WORD
3
; For MUL
.WORIt
M1
.WOR[I
M2
.WORD
MULRES

Static Regions
SOLUTION

51
52

53
54
!7i6

58
59
60
61

6?
63

64
6~5

66
6°?'

68
6<"1

70
71
72
73
74

75
76

77
78
79

80
81

ADDARG: .WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD

For ADD
First MUL result
Second result
Grand total

3
MURESl
MULRES
GRTOT

ASCII buffer table. Irti tiall~ each entr~ in this table
consists of the address of a prompt strins followed b~
the address of the buffer to store the input. After a
string is input, however, the prompt strinS address is
replaced b~ the length of the input string. This
table, with the addition of the final value GRTOTv then
; serves as the SEDMSG argument block.
EDMAI:;:G:
APRMTl'ASCA
~ WOF:D
AnTElL.:
BF'RMT,ASCB
.WOHD
CF'RMT,ASCC
~ ~JORD
CDTBL.:
DPRMT,ASCD
.WOHD
Grand total (numeric
v WOr~D
GPTOT!
value is inserted
directl~ into SEDMSG
block)
Other
M1:
M2:
MUHES 1:
MULRES:

numeric values
.WOt,D
.WORD
. WORD
• WORD

RDF'RMT: QIOWS
IOSB!
.BL.KW

First MUL ar~ument
Second MUL argument
First MUL result
MUL result

fJ2

B3
84
85
B6

87
88
89
<"10

91
92
9~5

94
9~5

96
(rl

98
99

100

Code
,
START:

QIOWSC
MOV
MDV
MOV
CAL.L
CAL.L
MOV
CALL
MOl,,'
MOV
MOV
MOV

IO.WVB,5,1'l',,{HDRMS,HDRML,40>; Identif~
R5 => location to store
binar~ input values
R4 => -read with
tRDPRMTvR4
p romF,t· Df'B
R3 => ASCII buffer table
tABTBL, f~3
Gf?t A
GETINF'
Get B
GETINF'
R5 => MUL ar~ block
tMUl.ARG,R5
Do first multipl~
MULL
Save reslJI t
MULRES,MURESl
IM1 , F.:5
Reset re~isters
(FORTRAN calling
IRDF'RMT,R4
convention does not
tCDTBL,R3
~uarantee the~ are
p rese rved. )

Static Regions
SOLUTION

101
102
103

104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112

113
114

CALL..
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL

GETINP
GETINP
tMULARG, R~j
MULl.
tAD[tARG,R5
AA[I[I

Get C
Get D

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
CHOW$S
BCS
EXIT$S

tOUTBUF,RO
:l:EDMFMT,R1
:If:EDMARG, R2
$EDMSG
tIO.WVB,t5,t1",,(tOUTBUF,R1,t40>
10DER

Do second multipl~
Add mUltiplication
results
Prepare
for
$EDMSG

:1:1.5

116
117

Subroutine GETINP to get input values.

118

Input.:

119

R5
R4

120

~~3

::::>
==>

:=>

121
122

123
124

Output:

1.2::';

126

1:::5 ....
R4
R3

127

128

location to store binar~ result
alO !IF'B
Address of prompt strin~,
followed by address to store
ASCII input
i r-If"ut va I ue +2
Unchanged
input value +4. location formerl~
containin~ address of prompt now
contains length of input

1.29

130
131
1:32
133
1 ~:~4

135
136
137
138
1:~9

140

GETINP: MOV
MDV
MDV
DIR$
BCB
CMPB
BNE
MOV
CALl.
MDV

(R3)+,Q.IOPL+6(R4)
(f~3)+,1;:0

RO,,(~. IOPL(R4)
R4
I O[tEI~
IOSB"tIS.SUC
lOIDER
105B+2, '-4 (R3)
$CDTB
R1,(R5)+

; Load prompt address
RO => input buffer
Cop~ to aIO lIPB
Get input
Directive error
1/0 successf'Jl,?
No
Save input length
Convert to binar~
Store binar~

RETUF~N

141

142
143
144
145

; Error messages:
IODER: DIRERR (ERROR ON QIOW$>
IOIOER: IOERR
tIOSB,,(ERROR ON aIOW$>
START
.END

Static Regions
SOLUTION

1
2

PROGRAM LEX72
C+

r File LEX72.FTN

5
6

C Solution to Module 7, Lab Exercise 2
C
C Task computes sum of products usin~ resident library
C routines.

10
11

1?
13
14
15

16
17
18
:1.9

20
21

'")'"')

.~.:

24
25
26
27

28
29
30

32
33
34
35
:36
~57

38
39
40

r Task build instructions:

CLINK/MAP/OPTIONS LEX72,LB:C1,1JF4POTS/LIB
C
Option? RESLIB=LIB/RO
c·~·

INTEGER A,B,C,D,MURES1,MURES2,GRTOT
C ASCII bytes to make promptins code cleaner
BYTE ASCA,ASCB,ASCC,ASCD
C

TYPE ~)
FORMAT (' TASK WILL COMPUTE (A*B)+(C*D)'/
1 ' ENTER NUMBERS IN DECIMAL.')
C FORMAT statements used repeatedly below:
15
FORMAT ('SENTER ',Al,': ')
25
FORMAT (16)
TYPE 15,ASCA
ProlTJPt for
and input A
ACCEPT 25,A
P rOITJF,t fa r
TYPE 15,ASCB
and input B
ACCEPT 25,B
CALL MULL(A,B,MURES1)
MURESl ::: A*B
TYPE 15,ASCC
ProlTJPt fOT'
ACCEPT 25,C
and inF'ut C
P rCHT,pt fo r
TYPE 15,ASCD
ACCEPT 25,D
and input D
CALL MULL(C,D,MURES2)
MURES2 = C*D
CALL AADD(MURES1,MURES2,GRTOT)
! GRTOT :::
TYPE 35, A,B,C,D,GRTOT
FORMAT (' (',16,' * ',16,') + (',16,' *
35
CALL EXIT
END
5

SUITJ

Dynamic Regions
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Referring to Exercise 1 of Module 7 (Static Regions), modify
the
tasks that reference the common so that they both map to
the common dynamically using the memory management directives.

Write a task that creates a dynamic region two blocks long,
fills it with a character typed in at the terminal, and leaves
it in existence on exit~ Write a second
task
that modifies
one value
in the region, then displays all the values in the
reg i-on a t the terminal, and fi nally deletes the reg ion.

Modify SNDREF so that it sends the region by reference to a
second receiver task, in addition to RCVREF.
Write the second
receiver task, which should modify values in the
region and
then display the values in the region at the terminal.

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
1.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

3
4

LEX81B
lOll
LC

c·

;;J

File LEX81B.MAC

6
7
8

LEX71B modified to use

11
1 ':>
1:-5

:1.4

Assemble and

1
• c·
..J
:1.1.)
.:LB
19

20
21
::!::!

RDB:

'")1::•.
_ ,J

26
27
28
29
30

;

31
32
33
34

WIN:

WDB:

:35

directives

task~build

instructions:

.MCALL. EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBKS,ATRGSC ; S~stem
.MCALL CRAW$"DTRGSS"DII~$,(HOWSS
;. macros
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros
RDBBK$ 32.,LEX71A,LEX71A,<RS.WRT!RS.RED>
Define T'esicm with:
Size
::: 32. (32. word blocks)
Name
::: LEX71A
Partition
- LEX71A
Attach with read and write access
CRAWS
WDB
;DPB for create address window
WDBBKS 7,32.,0,0,32.,<WS.MAP!WS.RED!WS.WRT>
Define window with:
APR
7
Size
32. (32. word blocks)
Offset in re~ion :::
(32. word blocks)
Len~th in re~ion ::: 32. (32. word blocks)
Map on create with read and write access

~S6

37
38

;

IOSB:
W

DONE:

4~5

44
4 ..cJ'
46
47
48
49
50

mana~ement

>MACRO/LIST LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX81B
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX81B~LB:[1,1]PROGSUBS/LIBRARY
>Option? WNDWS==1
>Option? <RET>

39
40
41
42

memor~

Pro~ram to attach to the existins re~ion LEX71A, create
a virtual address window (mapped on creation), decrement
all values in the resion b~ 1, detach from the reSion
and e~d t +

9
:to

23
24

Enable lower case

LDONE
START:

.BLKW
=1024.
.ASCII
.ABCII
==. ·-DONE
ATRGSC
BCS
MDV
DIF,$

BeS

; lID status block
of words in re~ion
ILEXBIB HAS MODIFIED THE VALUESI ; Done
I IN LEX71AI
.
mes~aSe
; t

RDB
; Attach to re~ion
ERR1
; Check for error
RDBtR.GID,WDBtW.NRID ; Move re~ion ID
; into WDB
tWIN
Create window
ERR2
Check for error

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

L.OOF':

53
~54
~55

57
~5B

60
61

63
64
6~5
f.) 6

67
6B

4
5
6
7

B
9

10
1l
:1.2
13
14
15
16
17
l.B
19
20

23
24

25
26

27
28

t160000,R2
Set base addr in region
tW,R5
Get word count
(R2)+
Decrement value
R5yLOOP
; Loop until done
tIO.WVB,t5,tl"tIOSB,,(tDONE,tLDONE,t40>
Write done message
Check for dir error
ERR3D
Check for I/O error
IOSB
Branch on error
ERR3I
Detach from region
tRDB
ERR4
Check for error

BCS
TSTB
BLT
DTRG$S
BCS
EXIT$S
V ErrOl"' hand! ird code
DIRERR (ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION>
EI~Fa :
DIRERR (ERROR CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING>
EI~R2 :
E I:~ F\ :'HI :
DIRERR (ERROR WRITING DONE MESSAGE)
IOERR
tIOSB,(ERROR WRITING DONE MESSAGE>
EF\F~:31 :
DIRERR (ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION>
EF~li4:
.END
START

PliOGRAM LEX81B

1
2
3

MOV
MOV
DEC
SOB
aIOW$S

C File LEX81B.FTN
C

r LEX71B modified to use memorw management directives
C

C Program to attach region LEX71A in partition LEX71A
C create a window and map it to the regibn upon creation,
C decrement each value in the reSion by 1, and detach
C frolTl it
C

C Task-build with these options:
C
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
C
WNDWS=l
C

INTEGER RDB(8),WDB(8)
C This common block will align with the address window
COMMON /DATA/IDATA(1024)
C RDB = Region definition block with the following
C propertie!:'):
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
Size
C
Name
LEX71.A
C
Parti ticH'l
L.EX71.A
C
Protection
WO:none,SV:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
Attach with read and write access
C
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB /O,32,3RLEX,3R71A,3RLEX,3R71A,·3,
1"170000/

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

40
41
42
4:3

44
45
46
47
48

49
50
~51
5~~

54
55

56
57
~)8

~59

60
61
62
63
64

C WDB - Window definition block with the followin~ properties:
C
APR
7
C
Size
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
Offset in reSion 0 (32.-word blocks)
.
r
Lensth of window 32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
Map on create with read and write access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB /-3400,0,32,0,0,32,-203,0/
C

C Attach resion
CALL ATRG (RDByIDS)
C Cht~ck for error' on attach
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Move resion id to.WDB
WDB(4)=RDB(1)
C Cr(=ate and llIap window
CALI... CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Chf~ck for eT'ror
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Dec r'r.~ment values
DO 50 K=I,1024
IDATA(K)=IDATA(K)-1
50
CONTINUE
C Detach frolll reSion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 300
C And Jump to exit
WRITE (5,60)
60
FORMAT (' LEX81B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUES IN
1 THE COMMON LEX71A')
GOTO 500
C

C
100
101

6~~

66
67
68

200
201

6("}

300
301

70
71
".72
·73

Error messaSes
WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO ~:;OO
WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW =',14)

500

CALL EXIT
END

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITI...E
.,IDENT
.ENABL

1.
2
3

LEXB1C
1011

Enable lower case

H-

c:.

File LEX8:LC.MAC

... J

LEX71C modified to use memorw manaSement directives

9
10

Prosram to attach to an existinS reSion, create a
virtual address window (mapped on creation), read
ASCII data from the re~ion, detach from the reSion
and e~dt.

12
:1.3
14
15
16

Assemble and task-build instructions:
>MACRO/LIST LB:Cl,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX81C
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX81C,LB:rl,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
>Option? WNDWS=l
)Option? (RET)

17
18
19

20
21
23
24

; -"

RDB:

2~.'j

.MCALL
.MCALL
• ~iCI~L.L.
RDBBK$
Define

28
29
30
;:H
3':>

;

WIN:
WDB:

3~5

34
35

38
39

;

40
41

10SB:

AF~G :

• BLI<W
.BLKW
• BLKB

100 •

.ASCIZ

1/.8[11

START:

N::::128.
.EVEN
ATRf3$C
BCS
MOV

4~)

~50

IHR$

liD status block
ArSument block for
errOT' code
Output buffer
FOT'mat stY'ins
Loop count

2
1

BUFF:
FMT:

41)

47
48
49

CRAWS
WDB
;DPB for create address window
WDBBK$ 7,32.,0,0,32.,{WS.MAP!WS.RED)
Define window with:
APR
:::: 7
Size
= 32. (32. word blocks)
Offset in resion (32. word blocks)
Len~th in re~ion - 32. (32. word blocks)
Map on create with read access

36
;37

4~5

EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBK$,ATRG$C ; Swstem
CRAWS~DTRG$S,DIRS,QIOWSS
macros
DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros
32.,LEX71A,L.EX71A,RS.RED
re~ion with:
Size
= 32. (32. word blocks)
Name
- LEX71A
Partition
- LEX71A
Attach with read access

RDB
Attach to resion
ERRl
; Check for error
RDB+R.GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move resion ID
; into WDB
tWIN
; Create window

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

52
53
54
55

LOOP:

56
57
58

BCS
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
QIDW$S

{,1

62
63
64

DONE:

6~)

66
67
68
69
70
71
7~?

; Error
ERR1:
ERR2:
ERR3D:
ERR3I:
ERR4:

7:1

BCS
TSTB
BLT
SOB
DTRG$S
BCS.
EXIT$S

ERR2
Check for error
Set base addr in re~ion
t160000"R2
tN,R5
Loop count
tBUFF,RO
Set UP for $EDMSG
tFMT,R1
$EDMSG
; Edit data
tIO.WVB,t5,t1"tIOSB,,(tBUFF,R1,t40)
Write data
ERR3D
Check for dir error
Check for 1/0 error
IOSB
EI:;:R3I
Branch on error
Print the line
R5"LOOP
Detach from re~ion
:fI:RDB
ERR4
Check for error

~END

code
(ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION)
(ERROR CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING)
(ERROR WRITING DATA)
tIOSB,(ERROR WRITING DATA)
(ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION)
START

PI~OGRAM

LEX81C

handlin~

DIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR
IOERR
DIRERR

C File LEX81C.FTN

C
C
f'
C
C
C

5
6
7
B

9
1. ()
11
1.2

13
14
1~i

17
:L8
19
20

23
24
25
'1£

11-\••'

LEX71C modified to use

memor~

mana~ement

directives

Prosram to attach resion LEX71A in partition LEX71A
create a window and map it to the region upon creation,
read data out of the reSiony and detach from it

C
C Task-build with these options:
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
C
WNDWS=::1
C
C

INTEGER RDB(8),WDB(8)
C This common block will aliSn with the address window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA(1024)
C RDB = ReSion definition block with the followin~
C proF'ertie~:;:
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
SL--=e
C
Name
LEX71A
LEX71A
C
Partition
Protection
WO:none,SV:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
C
Attach with read access
C
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB 10,32,3RLEX,3R71A,3RLEX,3R71A,·000001,
:1. • 1700001

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
28

C WDB - Window definition block with the

Size
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Offset in reSion 0 (32.-word blocks)
C
Lensth of window 32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
Map on create with read access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB I H 3400,0,32,0,0,32,·201,01

31
3':>

33
34

35
:36
:37
38
39

40
41

42
43
44
4~)

41.)

47
48
49

50
51

~:;~)

56
57

APR

followin~

properties:

C
C

C
f' Attach re£ti on

CALL ATRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error on attach
IF (rDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Move re~ion id to WDB
WDB ( 4) ::RDB ( 1 )
C Create and map window
CALL CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (rDS .LT. 0) GO TO 200
C Print contents of reSion
DO 50 J=1,1024,8
WRITE (5,11) (IDATA(K),K=J,Jt7)
11
FORMAT (' ',12,718)
!:"iO
CONT r NUE
C Detach from reSion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
r Check for error
IF (rDS .LT. 0) GOTO 300
C And Jump to exit
GO TO 500

~:jB

Error messages

100
lOl

WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW =',14)

62
63
64
65
66

201

301

68
69

!:jOO

200

300
C

CALL EXIT
END

100

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITlE
.IDENT
.ENABl

1
2

;-5

lEX82A
lOll
lC

Enable lower case

4
~5

File LEX82A.MAC

6
7
8
9
:J.O

Pro~ram to
creation),
creation),
the re~ion

create an named re~ion (attached on
create a virtual address window (mapped on
place ASCII data in to resion, detach from
and exit¥ leavins th~ re~ion in existence.

11
1 ':>

Task-build instructions:

:1.3
Include WNDWS=l option

14
15

.MCALL
.MCALl

16
17
18
19

20
21
....
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3:L
32
33
34

REG:

'·)/·)
~:-

;
RDB:
;
WIN:

CRRG$
;DPB for create resion
RDB
Define resion with:
= 2 (32. word blocks)
Si::-~e
Name
- MYREG
Parti tic>n
GEN
= WO:None,SY:RWED,
Protection
OW:RWED,GR:RWED
Do not mark for delete on last detach
Attach with write and delete access
RDBBK$ 2,MYREG,GEN,(RS.NDl!RS.DEl!RS.WRT!RS.ATT),170000
; DPB for create address window
CRAWS
WDB
Define window with:
APR
= 7
Size
- 2 (32. word blocks)
Offset in re~ion
(32. word blocks)
Lensth in resion
2 (32. word blocks)
Map on create with write access
WDBBK$ 7,2,O,O,2,(WS.MAP!WS.WRT)

,31:.~
,J

36
37

EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBKS,CRRG$,CRAW$
DTRGS,DIRS¥QIOWSS,QIOW$C

;
WDB:

:~8

40
4:L
42
43
44
41::"
,J
46
47
48
49
~:;O

DET:
IOSB:
BUFF:
ME!:):
LEN
DNMES:
LDNMES
; Error
FCRRER:
FCRWER:
FDETER:

DTRG$
.BLKW
.BlKB
.ASCII

DPB for detach ins reSion
lID status block
80.
Input/Output buffer
IENTER ASCII CHARACTER: I
• -~-MES
(15)/lEX82A HAS CREATED AND INITIALIZEDI
I THE REGIONI
RDB

.ASCII
.ASCII
:::: + ---DNMES
format strin~s
.ASCIZ IERROR CREATING REGION. DSW = %D.I
.ASCIZ IERROR CREATING WINDOW. DSW = %D.I
.ASCIZ IERROR DETACHING FROM REGION. DSW = %D.I

101

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

~.H

52
~)3

~54
~55

FQllDE:

.ASCII
+ASCIZ
FCH1IE: .ASCII
.ASCIl
FCH2DE: • ASCIZ
F[H2IE: • ASClZ

IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ AFTER PROMPTI
I QIO. DSW = %[1.1
!I/O ERROR ON READ AFTER PROMPT OIO.!
I CODE = %D.I
IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE QIO. DSW = %D.I
!I/O ERROR ON WRITE 010. CODE - %D.!

~)7

:::jB

.EVEN

~:=;9

60
61

START:

6':>

63
64
65
66
6"7
68
69
"70
"71

DIR$
BCS
MOV
[HOW$S
BCS
TSTB
BI... T

72
73

74
75

DIR$
BCS
MOV

L.OOP:

MOV
MOV
MOVB
SOB

77
78
"79
80

Bl
B2

83
84
B5

86
87
88

OIOW.C
BCS
TSTB
BlI
DIR$
BGS
EXIT.S
; E r T'en'" code
ERR:!.:
MOV

8<7

ERR2:

90
91
92

ERR3D:

<7~5

ERR3I:

94
95

96
97
98
99
1.00

ERR4D:
ERR4I:

BR
MOV
BR
MOV
BR
MOV
MOV
MOV
BR
MOV
BR
MOV
MOV

; C T'eate reg i on
tREG
ERRl
; Check for error
RDB+R.GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move re~ion ID
into WDB
tWIN
; Create window
ERR2
; Check for error
t160000,R5 ; Set base address in region
tIO.RPR,t5,tl"tIOSB"<tBUFF,tl,,tMES,tlEN,t'$)
; Prompt and read data
ERR3D
; Check for directive error
IOSB
; Check for 1/0 error
ERR31
; Branch on 1/0 error
t128.,RO ; Region size in bwtes
tBUFF,R4
; R4 =) character
(R4),(R5)+ ; Move character to re~ion
RO,lOOP ~ Decrement counter and loop
until done
IO.WVB,5,1"IOSB,,{DNMES,LDNMES,40)
Write region created message
ERR4D
Branch on dir error
IOSB
Check for 1/0 error
ERR4I
Branch on 1/0 error
Detach from region
tDET
ERRS
Check fo T' e r T'O r
tFCRF~ER, R1

Create re~ion error
messase
Branch to common code
Create window message
Branch to common code
010 directive message
Branch to common code
Extend sign on status
and move to ars block
010 1/0 error
Branch to common code
QIO write dir error
Branch to common code
Extend sign on status
and move to ars block

SHOERR
tFCRWER,Rl
SHOERR
tFQllDE,R:I.
SHOERR
IOSB,RO
RO,$DSW
tFOllIE,Rl
SHOERR
tFCH 2DE, R 1
SHOERR
IOSB,RO
RO,$DSW

102

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

101
102
103
104
10!)
106
107
108
109
110
111
112

1
'")

..:~

4,
c:·

..1

7
8
9
:to
:I.:t

12
:I. ~5

14
1 ~)

16
II

lB
1.9
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
~52
3:~

34
35
~:S6

MOV
BR
MOV

ERR5:

SHOERR: MDV
MOV
CALl..
CHOW$S

:f.FaI2IE,R:L
SHOERR
tFDETEF.:" R:L

aIO write err messa~e
Branch to common code
Detach reSion messaSe

tBUFF,RO
Set UP for $EDMSG
:t$DSW,R2
$EDMSG
; Edit messaSe
tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
; Displaw message

EXIT$S
.END

;

E~·d

START

PROGRAM l..EX82A
C
C F :i.l e LEX82A. FTN
C
C LEX82A creates a named region (attached on creation),
C creates a virtual address window (mapped on creation),

C places an ASCII character input at TI: at all locations
C in the resion, detaches from the region and exits,
C leavins the region in existence.
C
C Task-build instructions:
C
>LINK/MAP/OPTIONS/CODE:FPP LEX82A,LB:rl,lJFOROTSC
.M.:> IL I BRAr':Y
C
Option? VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
C
Option? WNDWS::::1
C
Option? <RET>
C
C
Region Definition Block for reSion with the
C RDB
C following properties:
:: 2 (32. word blocks)
Si:<::e
C
:: MVREG
C
Name
:: GEN
C
Partition
Protection
WO:None,SV:RWED
C

OW:RWED,GR:RWED
Do not mark for delete on last detach
Attach with write and delete access

C
C
C

C
C WDB
Window Definition Block for wir,dow with the
C following properties:
_. 7
APR
C
..M 2 (32 • word blocks)
Size
C
C
Offset in resion :: 0 (32. word blocks)
Length in region ..M 2 (32 • word blocks)
C
Map on create with write access
C
C
M~

103

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

:37

38
39

40
41
42
4~:S

44
45
46

47
4B

49
50
51
52
!53
~54

55
56
5"7
~5B

60
61
62
63

64
65
66
67
68
69
70

72
-73
7-4

i5
76
77
78
79
80
B1
8"

83
84
fJ5

86
B7

88
89

INTEGER RDB(8),WDBCS)
C Arra~ for dynamic reSion, variable for ASCII character
BYTE ARRAY(128),CHAR
COMMON IDATAI ARRAY
C

r Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB/O,2,3RMYR,3REG ,3RGEN,3R
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB/·3400,O,2,0~O~2,·202,0/
C Call routine to create and attach resion
CALL CRRG(RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF(IDS.LT.O)GOTO 800
C Create address window and map to resion
WDB(4)=RDB(1)
CALL CRAW(WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF(IDS.LT.O)GOTO 810
WRITE (5,50)
C Get ASCII character
50
FORMAT C~$ENTER ASCII CHARACTER: ')
READ (S,60)CHAR
60
FORMAT (Al)
C Place data in reSion
DO 80 J=1,128
ARRAY(J)=CHAR
80
CONTINUE
C Detach from reSion
CALL DTRG(RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF(IDS.LT.O)GOTO 820
C Write messaSe
TYPE *,'LEX82A HAS CREATED AND INITIALIZED THE
lREGION'
C Branch to common exit
GO TO :1.000
C Write create error messaSe
800
WRITE(5,805)IDS
805
FORMATC' ERROR IN CREATING REGION, DSW ::: ',14)
C Go to common exit
GO TO 1000
C Write attach error messaSe
810
WRITE(5,815)IDS
815
FORMATC~ ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING,
1DSW ::: ',14)
GO TO 1000
C Write detach error messa~e
820
WRITE(5,825)IDS
825
FORMAT(' ERROR IN DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW
1,,14)
C Common e~d t
:1.000
CALL EXIT
END

1.04

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE

LEX8~~B

.IDENT

/01/

.ENABL

Enable lower case

File LEX82B.MAC

ProSram to attach to an existin~ reSionv create a
vi T'tua I add T'es-:;; 1;..1 :i. nciDw (mapped on c rE~atj. c)n) v mod :i. f~~
the first b~te of the re~iDn, read ASCII data from the
resion, detach from the re~ion and mark it for deletev
and finall~ exit. The resion will be deleted on last
detach.

7
8

9
10
11

12
:L ~~
14

Assemble and task-build instructions:

:1. !7.i

>MACRO/LIST LB:[1,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJ->LEX82B
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX82B,LB:[1,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
>Option? WNDWS=:L
>Option? (RET>

18
19

:~5

RnB:

26
27

28
29
30

32
33
:34
3~j

;

+MCALL EXITSS,RDBBK$,WDBBK$,ATRGSC ; S~stem
; macros
.MCALL CRAWS,DTRG$S,DIR$,QIOW$S
; SUPplied macros
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
RDBBK$ O,MYREG,GENv(RS+WRT!RS+RED!RS+MDL!RS.DEL>
Define resion with:
- 0 (32. word blocks)
ret~rned after attach
.... MYREG
Nam€·~
.- GEN
Parti t:i.on
Mark for delete on last detach
Attach with ready write and delete access

WIN:
WDB:

CRAWS
WDB
;DPB for create address window
WDBBK$ },200,O,O,O,(WS.MAP!WS.RED!WS+WRT>
Define window with:
API:~
=7
Size
200 (32. word blocks)
Off~:;(-?t il". re~:HDn - 0 (32. word blocks)
l..en~:jth in T'f:~~.~~ion
o (32. word blocks)
returned when mapped
Map on CT'eate with read and wT'ite access

IOSB:

.BLKW
=128.

ATRGSC

RDB
ERRl

:'56
37
:'58
3~~

40
41
42

43
44
4!5

46
47
48
49
50

I~SIZ

STAI:n' :

BC~)

MOV
DIRt

liD status block
size in b~tes

R~Sion

Attach to reSion
; Check for error
RDB+R~GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move reSion ID
, into WDB
tWIN
; CT'eate window

105

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

52
55
~:56

L.OOP:

BCS
MOV
MOVB
MOV
MOV
OIOW$S

57
Bes
TSTB
BlT
SUB
BlE
ADD
eMF'

~5B

59
60

61
62
63
64
6~:)

BlE
MOV

67
6B

69
70
71
72

73
74
75
76
77
7B
79

BR
DTRG$S
BCB
EXIT$S
; Error handlinS code
ERR1:
DIRERR (ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION)
ERR2:
DIRERR (ERROR CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING)
ERR3D: DIRERR (ERROR WRITING DATA)
ERR3I:
IOERR
tIOSB,(ERROR WRITING DATA)
ERR4:
DIRERR (ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION)
.END
START
DONE:

PROGRAM LEXB2B

2
3
4

ERR2
Check for error
#16000Q,R5
Set base addr in re~ion
t'Z,(RS)
Place Z in 1st b~te
tRSIZ,R4
Size of re~ion in b~tes
i64.,R3
Chars per line
tIO.WVB,15,tl"tIOSB,,(R5,R3,i40)
Write data
ERR3D
Check for dir €:' T' T'O T'
rOSB
Check for I/O f:~ r' T'O r
ERR31
Branch on e T' T'O r
R3,R4
COITIPute chc~rs l£~ft
DONE
Branch if done
R3, F~5
Point to ne~·~t char
f~3, f~4
Check faT' .::: 64. chaT'S
If?ft to PT':i.nt
:::. () T' =., PT'int neNt line
LOOP
<, I'.:oT'tnt onl~1 that 1TIc:~n~
R4,R3
chc:Jrs
LOOP
f'T'int the 1 :i.nf?
tRDB
Detach frcllT. T'e~Hon
ERF\4
Check faT' E~rY'OT'

C
C F i 1 f? LEX82B. FTN
C

B
9

FORTAN pro~ralTl to attach resion MYREG in partition GEN
(which was created bw lEX82A), create a window and lTIap
C it to the region upon creation, place a Z in the first
C byte, then read data out of the region, and detach
(" from it, deleting it in the process.

:1.1

:1.2

C
C
C

1:3
14

Task-build with these options:
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
WNDWS::::l.

106

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

:1. ~j

INTEGER RDB(8),WDB(S)
BYTE IDATA(1.2S)
C This common block will align with the address'window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA
r RDB = Resion definition block with the followins
C p r(),Pf~ rt :i. (·?S :
C
Si ~.:,:\:?
o (32.-word blocks)
C
filled in when attached
MYI:~EG
Name
C

17
18
19

20
21
22
23

24
2~i

26
27
2B
2(1

30
3:1.

32
33

r WDB = Window definition block with the followins

C
("'
C
C

37
38
39

40
41
4':>
4:"5

44
45
46
47
48
49
~jO

5:1.
5:~

54
55
!:i6
!:;7

58
59

60
61
b2
63

GEN

Protection
WO:none,SY:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
Mark for delete on last detach
C
Attach with delete, write and read access
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB IO,O,3RMYR,3REG v3RGEN~3R
1.1:L700001

3~:;

31.)

Part.:i.1',:i.on

C
C
C

F' roP€'~ T'1', :i. e~;; :

APR
Size
Offset in reSion
Lensth of window

200(S) (32.-word blocks)
o (32.-word blocks)
o (32.-word blocks)
filled in when mapped
C
C
Map on create with read access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB 1·3400,O,·200,O,O,O~1203,OI

c
C At tach

rf.·~~:.H on
CALL ATRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error on attach
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Move reSion id to WDB
WDB (4) :=;RDB ( 1. )
C Create and map windoW
CALL CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Place ASCII Z in first b~te
IDATA(1.)~-::/Z/

C Print contents of resion
10
WRITE (5,11) IDATA
11
FORMAT (/ /,64A1)
C Detach from ~esion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 300
C And Jump to exit
GOTO !500

107

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

6!5
1.>6

C
C E r ro T'

100
101

6B
69

70
7:1.
72
/3
74

200

201

WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',14)
GOlO 5()0
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO

300

::HH

7~:.:j

"76

~)()O

nH.~~)sages

~jO()

WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW =',14)
CALL EXIT
END

108

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
3.

.TITLE
.IIrENT
.ENABL

1
,")

.:..

SNDREF
lOll
LC

; Enable lower case

4
..,'

File LEX83A.MAC

b
7
B
9

Modified to send to a 2nd receiver RCVRF2 in
addition to RCVREF

I::"

;;EX
;;EX

LEX83A creates a 64-word (2 block) unnamed reSion and
fills it with ASCII characters. It then sends the
reSion to RCVREF, and then waits for RCVREF to receive
the reSion. (This is sisnalled by event fla~ t1.) It
then prints a messaSe and exits. Since the area is
unnamed, it is autDmaticall~ deleted when the last
attached task exits.

1.7
lB

Assemble and task-build instructions:

1.0
11
12

14
1!5

1,9

>MACRO/LIST LB:C1.,1.JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJ-;;EX
-- >LEXB:'5A
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX83A,LB:[1,1.JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
Option? WNDWS=1

21
2:~~
2~5

Install and run instructions: RCVREF must be installed.
LEX83B must be installed as RCVRF2. Run LEX83A first,
then run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (either one first)

:~~ ~j

26
27
2B
2<1

,..

~MCALI...

• MCALI...
.MCALL.

]()

:31

~MCAI...I...

3:3

"NI...IST

QIOWtC,QIOWSS,RQSTSC ; S~stem macros
WTSESC,EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBKS
CRRGSS,CRAWSSvSREFSC
DIRERR
; SUPplied macro
BEX ,
; SUPPRESS DATA

34
:!;S

Define region with:

Siz(;~

:'57
:H?

Nam€~

Partj, tion
Protection

39
40
41

32--WORD BLOCKS
none
00- GEN
- WO:none,GR:RWED
OW: I~WED, SY: none

Attach on cl"eate
Read and write ac~ess desired on attach

42
43
44
45

,- 2

Rpr~()

F~STAT

.... 170()17
= RS.ATT!RS.RED!RS.WRT

46
47

109

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
48
49
50
51

52
53
54
55
56
57
:58

Define window with:
APR
Size
Offset in re.ion
Len.th to map

WSTAT

WDB:
;

1:>0

MESt:

61
62
/!>::5

64
65
6.>1:>

67
6B

69
70
71

72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
8:~

84
85
B6

87
88
89
90
91

92
93
94
95

96
97
9B

7
2
0

32-word blocks
32-word blocks
32~~word blocks (defaults
0
to smaller of reSion
size and window lensth)
Map on create with read and write access
::: WS.MAP!WS.WRT
•• M

.ASCII / LEX83A HAS CREATED THE REGION AND HAS/
.ASCII / SENT IT TO RCVREF AND RCVRF2.1
;;EX
::::. -MESl
LMESl
.ASCII / RCVREF AND RCVRF2 HAVE RECEIVED IT./;;EX
MES2:
.ASCII / LEX83A IS NOW EXITING./
;;EX
• ..~ MES2
LMES2
.LIST
BEX
Show binar~ extensions
.EVEN
.ENABL.. LSB
Enable local 's~mbc)].
blocks
START: CRRG$S tRDB
Create and attach to
re.ion
BCS
1$
Branch on dir error
MOV
RDBtR.GID,WDBtW.NRID ; Cop~ reSion ID
into WDB
;
Create and map window
CRAWSS tWDB
BCS
2$
Branch on dir error
MOV
WDBtW.NBASvRO
base V.A. of resion
; Fill reSion with all MIs'
MOV
:l:64.,R3
count of words to move
20$:
MOV
.·MM,(RO)t
Move in an ASCII M
SOB
R3,20$
Loop throuSh resion
Send the resion to RCVREF. EF 1 will be set when
RCVREF recieves it
SREFSC RCVREF,WDB,l
Send b~ reference to
RCVREF
BCS
3$
Branch on dir error
SREFSC RCVRF2,WDB,3
Send b~ reference ;;EX
to RCVRF2
;;EX
BCS
7$
; Branch on dir error;;EX
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,2",,(MES1,LMES1,40>; Displa~
; messa.e
BCS
4$
Branch on dir error
WTSE$C 1
Wait for RCVREF to set
the reSion
BCS
5$
Branch on dir error
WTSESC 3
Wait for RCVRF2 to ;;EX
set the re.ion
;;EX
BCS
8$
,Branch on dir error;;EX

110

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
QIOW$C

99
100
101
102
103
104
105

1$:

DIREFH~

2$:

106

:3$:

DJr';:ERR
DIRERR

107
lOB
109
:L10

111
112
l
~

.(..

4
c·
J

7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
1'~'
....
}

1,6

4$:

It IF~EI:~R

DIRERR
DIRERR

8!1; :

DIRE~:R

DH~EF~R

+END

;

Dif:)pla~

me!:.;~;age

BT'anch on dir e T' T'O T'
E:d.t

ON CREATE OR ATTACH I~EGION>
ON CREATE OR MAP WINDOW>
<ERI=i:OR ON SEND BY I:;:EFERENCE>
<EI:;:I:;:OR ON lST W~-;:ITE>
<EI:;:/:;:OR ON WAIT FOR>
<ERROR ON 2ND WRITE>
<ERROR ON 2ND SEND BY REFERENCE>
<ERROR ON 2ND WAIT FOR>
START
<EI~RCJF~

<EI~F:()I~

;; EX
;; EX

PROGRAM SNDREF·
C
C Fil€~ l.EX83A.FTN
C
f' Modified to send the region b~ reference to RCVRF2
C in addition to RCVREF
C
C This program creates a 64-word unnamed region and

! !EX
! !EX

C fills it with ASCII characters. It then sends it bw
C reference to task RCVREF, and waits for RCVREF to
C receive the region+(This is signalled bw event flag
SNDREF then prints a message and exits. Since
C 41.)
r the area is unnamed, it is automaticallw deleted when
C the last attached task exits+
C
C Task-build instructions:

Bes
EXIT$S
ET'r(:)r code

5'* :
6$:
?~; :

C
C
C
C

IO.WVB,5,2",,~MES2,LMES2,40>

>LINK/MAP/CODE:FPP/OPTIONS LEX83A,LB:[1,lJFO-! !EX
->ROTS/LIBRARY
! !EX
Option'? WNDWS=l
Option? VSECT=DATA:l60000:200
Option"~ <RET}

2:3

24
25
26
27

f' Install and run instructions: RCVREF must be installed.
! !EX
C LEX83B must be installed under the name RCVRF2.
C

C Run LEX83A first, then run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (in
e:ith(.~r order)

2E1

29
30
31
32

~53

C
C

! !EX

RDB = Resion definition block with the followin~
propeT'ties:
2 32-word blocks
Si ~·~e
none
Name
GEN
Partiticm
WO:none,SY:RWED,OW:RWED,
Protection
GR:none
Attach on creation
Read and write access desired on attach

III

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
39
40
41
42
4~3

44
45
46

47
48
49
50
51

52
~j:3

~54

55
5b

57
~:;8

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84

C
C
C
C
C
C
C

WDe = Window definition block with the followin~
properties:
7
APR
Size
2 32-word blocks
Offset in re~ion 0 32-word biocks
Len~th of resion
2 32-word blocks
Map on create with write access

INTEGER RDB(S),WDB(S),RCV(2),RCV2(2)
! !EX
C This common block will alisn with the address window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA(64)
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB/O,·2,0,O,3RGEN,3R
,-43,-1700171
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB/ N 3400,0,·2,0,0,-2,-202,01
C Name of receiver task
DATA RCV/3RRCV,3RREFI
DATA RCV2/3RRCV,3RRF21
! !EX
C Cod€-!
CALL CRRG(RDB,IDS)
! Create region
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100 ! Check for error
WDB(4)=RDB(1)
! Move region id to WDB
CALL CRAW(WDB,IDS)
! Create window
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200 ! Check for error
C Fill reSion with data
DO 10 1:::1,64
10
IDATA(I)='MM'
C Send-bw-reference to receiver task, set event flag 1
C when received
CALL SREF(RCV,1,WDB"IDS)
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 400 ! Check for error
C Send-bw-reference to 2nd receiver, RCVRF2, use event! !EX
C flag 2
! !EX
CALL SREF(RCV2,2,WDB"IDS)
! !EX
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 450 ! Check for error
! !EX
TYPE *,' LEX83A HAS CREATED THE REGION AND HAS
1 SENT IT TO RCVREF AND RCVRF2.' ! Displaw
! !EX
C
! message!! EX
CALL WAITFR(l,IDS)
! Now wait for reception
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 500 ! Check for error
CALL WAITFR(2,IDS)
! Wait for RCVRF2 to ! !EX
C
,
receive
, !EX
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 550 , Check for error
, 'EX
TYPE *,' RCVREF AND RCVRF2 HAVE RECEIVED IT.
1 LEX83A IS NOW EXITING.' , Write messaSe
'!EX
GOTO 600
, And 90 exit

112

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
85
86
87

88
89
90
91
'7'2

93
94
95
96
97

98
99

100
101
102
103
104
105
106

C ErT'or h<~ndling code
WRITE (5,110)IDS
100
110
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING REGION, DSW - ',14)
GOTD 600
2()()
WRITE (5,210)ID9
210
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING WINDOW, DaW
',14)
GO TO 600
WRITE (5,410)ID8
400
FORMAT (I' Ef,ROR IN SEND-BY'-REFERENCE, DSW ::: /,14)
410
GOTO 600
45()
WRITE (5,460)IDS
460
FORMAT (' ERROR IN 2ND SEND-BY-REFERENCE, DSW
1 == ',14)
! !EX
GOTO 600
! !EX
500
WRITE (5,510)IDS
',14)
510
FORMAT (' ERROR ON WAIT, DSW
GOTD 600
! !EX
~=j~50
WRITE (5,560)IDS
! !EX
FORMAT (I' ERROR ON 2ND WAIT, DSW - ',14)
560
! !EX

600

CAll EXIT
END

.TITlE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

1
2
3

L.EX8~5B

101/

Enable lower case

File

LE~83B.MAC

7
8
9
10
1~

12
13
14
15
16
.17

Second reciever for SNDREF (modifed to LEX83A).
Program to receive-bY-reference (mapped on creation),
modify the first data byte in the region,
read ASCII data from the region, detach from the
region and exit. The region will be deleted on last
detach.
The first word in the region contains the count of the
number of bytes of data in the resion.
Assemble and task build instructions:

:1.8

19
20
21
22

>MACRO/LIST LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJ
->LEX83B
LINK/MAP/OPTIONS LEX83B,LB:C1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
option? WNDWS=l

113

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

Install and run instructions: RCVREF must be installed~
LEX83B must be installed as RCVRF2. Run LEX83A first
and theM run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (in either order).
EXITSS"WDBBKS,RREFS ; External s~stem
QIOWSS"CRAW$,DIR$
; macros
DIRERR"IOERR
External supplied
mac T'OS
Define window with:
• MCALI...
• MCAI...L.
• MeALI...

.... 7

I~PF~

39
40
41

- 200(8) (32. word blocks)
These are filled in on receive as set b~ sender:
Offset in re~ion - 0 (32. word blocks)
Len~th in re~ion - 0 (32. word blocks)
reset after ffiappin~
Access
- 0
; Note: Must map 5eparatel~ (or as part of receive)
WDe:
WDBBK$ 7,2
;
I~REFS

I Of.-n~:

.BI. . KW

.,.)

DIR~I;

:/l:WIN

CI~I~W$

Set UP DPB for RREFS
Set UP DPB for CRAWS
liD status block

WDB
WDB

:
WINt
F~EC

A'~

BCS
BIS

Create virtual address
w:i.ndcJw
ERR1
Branch on error
tWS.MAP,WDBtW.NSTS ; Set WDB to map on

DIHS

:fI:1~EC

;

T'€~Cf.~\ :i. vc-:~

Heceive
an(1

BCB
MOV

!5!5
!56

reference

ITI(:~P

Branch on e Y' rCJ T'
Set base address in

EF~R2

:JI::I. 60000, R!:j

r'e~Hc>n

MOV
MUL
MOV

~57

!5B
59

WDBtl,J. NLEN" R3
:fI:64. ,,1:~3
:/1: / 9 " (R!5)

Size of resion to R3
Convert blocks to b~tes
Modif~ first data b~te

60
CHOWSS

6:1.

;
64

€~rl"'Dr

T8TB
BLT
EXITSS

6~5

6t>
67
,~:.8

;

EF~I~ :1. :

'/0
7:t

EI;:I:~2:

EI:;: R:3 :

'''''")
/..:.

EI~I:;:4:

datc~

Branch on directive

EY'rOT'

IOBB

Check for 1/0 error
Branch on (~~rT'or'

EI~R4

COC1f?

DI I:~ERI~
DHi:ERI;:
DII:i:EI:i:I;:
I OEI\I~
.END

(ERROR CREATING VIRTUAL ADDRESS WINDOW)
(ERROR ON RECEIVE AND MAP)
(ERROR ON WRITE aID)
:fI:IOSB,{ERROR ON WRITE DIO)
START

114

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEX83B

C File LEX83B.FTN

6
7
8

9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16

C LEX83B receives bw reference a re~ion from the task
It maps to the re~ion, modifies the ~irst
C b~te, prints out the contents, and exits. The re~ion
C is deleted on last detach.
C
C Task-build instructions: Include these options
C
WNDWS=l
C
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000

r LEX83A.

r Install and run instructions: LEX83B must be installed.
C as RCVRF2. RCVREF must be installed. Run LEX83A first,
C then run LEX83B and RCVREF (in either order).

:L7

18
19
20
21
22
23
24

C WDe
C
C
C

= Window definition block with:

27
28
29
30

7
200(8) 32-word blocks
Allow for full APR
r
Offset in re~ion 0 32-word blocks
C
Len~th of region
0 32-word blocks (to be filled
C
in on receive)
r
Read and write access
INTEGER WDB(8)
DATA WDB/-3400,0,-2,0,0,·0,·3,O/
BYTE DATA(128)
C This common block will ali~n with the address window
COMMON /DATA/DATA

3:1.

C Create address window--do not map at this time
CALL CRAW(WDB,IDS)
C Check for error on create
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Now set WDB status for mappin~--will be done bw
r r(·:~cf.~' i. ve--b~- refe renee
WDB(7)=WDB(7)+-200
C Receive data and map
CALL RREF(WDB"IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Modify first value
DATA(1)='9'
C Calculate number of bwtes of data - length in blocks
C returned at WDB(6)
NCHAR = 64*WDB(6)
WRITE(S,10) (DATA(I),I=l,NCHAR)
10
FORMAT (' ',64Al)
C Go e :.~ i t
GOTO 300

33
34
35

36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43

44
45
46
47
48
49
~j 0

APR
Size

115

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

~5~!

54
55
56
S"7

C
100

110
200
210
:3()0

E r r(J r

lTIe~:;sases

WRITE(S,110)IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ON RECEIVE-BY-REFERENCE, DSW =',14)
GOTO 300
WRITE(5,210)IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
CALL EXIT
END

116

File I/O
TEST /EXERCISE
1.

Next to each activity, write 0 for open, I for I/O operation,
or C for close,
to
identify which step of file I/O is
involved.

Records are read from the file.

Access rights to the file are checked.

Existing file is located on disk.

Internal buffers are placed in a pool for re-use.

Records are written to a file.

Describe three functions performed by the Files-II ancillary
control processor
(FllACP)
when a
task creates a new file
containing seven blocks~

117

File I/O
TEST /EXERCISE
3.

For each of the following, tell whether FCS only, RMS only, or
both can be used for file I/O.
If both can be used, identify
which you would prefer and why.
a.

A teacher has a file with one record for each student.
The students are identified by student number (1 - 100).
Each record contains the student's test scores
(space is
reserved for 10 scores) and his average.
The instructor
adds new test scores and updates the averages as he gives
tests.
In addition, he wants to access any student's test
scores and test average using the student number.

118

File I/O
TEST /EXERCISE
b.

A company uses COBOL for
its applications.
It has a
payroll file which is processed in order every two weeks.

119

File I/O
SOLUTION
1•

Next to each activity, write 0 for open, I for I/O operation,
or C for
close,
to
identify which step of file I/O is
involved.
I

Records are read from the file.

Access rights to the file are checked.

Existing file is located on disk.

Internal buffers are placed in a pool for re-use.

Records are written to a file.

Describe three functions performed by the Files-II ancillary
control processor
(FllACP)
when a
task creates a new file
containing seven blocks.
Any three of the following:
Allocate a file header
Initialize the file header
Set up file retrieval pointers
Create a directory entry
Allocate blocks to the file
Connect a task's LUN to the file

121

File 1/0
SOLUTION
3.

For each of the following, tell whether Fes only, RMS only, or
both can be used for file I/O.
If both can be used, identify
which you would prefer and why.
a.

A teacher has a file with one
record for
each student.
The students are identified by student number (1 - 100).
Each record contains the student's test scores
(space
is
reserved for
10 scores) and his average.
The instructor
adds new test scores and updates the averages as he gives
tests.
In addition, he wants to access any student's test
scores and test average using the student number.
Either Fes or RMS may be preferred.
FCS
•

Easier to program (in MACRO-II)

•

Less overhead (although very close if using a relative
file rather than an indexed file)

•

File must have fixed
length records
numbers corresponding to student numbers

with

record

RMS
•

If a relative file is used,
can automatically skip
over deleted
records (if student leaves or drops the
course)

•

In FORTRAN, no harder to program

•

Not much overhead for a relative file

•

File must be
records, with
numbers

a
relative
file with fixed
length
cell numbers corresponding to student

122

File 1/0
SOLUTION
b.

A company has a file of customer
records.
Each record
contains the company name,
the address,
the contact
person, and the equipment bought.
At different times, the
records are accessed using company name, city, or contact
person.
Best answer
is RMS only since an
indexed file with
multiple
keys
is needed for fastest access.
FCS can be
used, but access by key value is
impossible.
You would
have to
step through the file, checking all records, to
locate the one you want.

A company uses COBOL for
its applications.
It has a
payroll file which is processed in order every two weeks.
RMS only;
FeS.

COBOL is supported under

123

RMS,

but

not

under

File Control Services
TEST / EXERCISE
1.

Modify CRESEQ so that each record in the
file contains
text input from the terminal preceded by "AAAA".

the

Write a task that appends records to a file you have created
(using one of the FCS example programs or the editor).

In MACRO-II, modify the task CREFXA so
that
input
from
terminal uses FCS routines instead of QIO directives.

Write a task that requests input from a terminal of the form:

the

n, text
Use the input to update the nth record of FIXED.ASC, which has
fixed
length
records.
Use random access and do not truncate
the file.
5.

In MACRO-II, modify the task BLOCKI or BLOCK2
writes or displays two virtual blocks ata time.

(Optional) In MACRO-II,
modify the task CSI so
that
the
subroutines DISPLY and DELETE actually display and delete the
file.
Caution:
DELET$ delete the highest version of a
file
if no version number
is specified.
(See Chapter 6 of the
IAS/RSX I/O Operations Reference Manual for information about
the routines GCML and CSI.)

125

that

File Control Services
SOLUTION
1.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
,.)
.:.0

CI:;:ESEO
/()l/

L.C

5
6

File LEX:l.Ol.MAC

7
8
9
10

Modified to preced each record with AAAA
CRESEO creates a file VARI.ASC. It reads
records from TI:, and places them in the file.
A -Z terminates input and closes the file.

:L2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2()
21
22

Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LB:[1,1]PROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJ.... >CRESE[~
LINK/MAP CRESEQ,LB:[1,1]PROGSUBS/LIBRARY
;-

2~5

• MCAL..L
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL.

EXSTSC,QIOWSC,QIOWS,DIRS ; S~stem macros
FSRSZS,FDBDFS,FDATSA,FDRCSA,FDOPSA ;
NMBLKS,OPENSW,PUTS,CL.OSES ;
DIRERR,IOERR,FCSERR ; SUPplied macros

FSRSZS

24
1")1::'

A-<t..'

;

1 file for record I/O

....

,.)
.:.0/

28
29
:'50

Define file descriptor block for VARI.ASC
Al1ocat(,:~ the FDB
Variable lensth records,
Listins - implied
carria~e return, line
feed
Seauential access and
reco T'd I /0 b~
default, BUFF is
user record buffer
Use LUN 1, file spec
at FNAME
·VARI.ASC a

FDBDFS
FDATSA

R.VAR,FD.CR

FDRCSA

,BUFF

FIIOF'SA

1"FNAME

FNAME:

NMBLKS

VARI,ASC

; Local
BUFF:
INBUF:
lOST:

Data
.ASCII
.BLKB
.BL.KW

/AAAA/
SO.

USER RECORD BUFFER

I/O STATUS BLOCK

47
48
49

.LI9T
.EVEN

BEX

.ENABI...

LSB

FDB:

:'51

3'')
33
34
~

3~5

3b
37
38
39
40
41
4':)

43
44
4~;

;;EX
; H::X

127

File Control Services
SOLUTION

~52

53
54
55
56
"57

58
~59

60
61

62
6~5

START:
Open file for write, call ERRI if open fails
OPEN$W #FDB"""ERRl
; Get record from terminal, put to file.
10$:
QIOW$C IO.RVB~5,l"IOST,,(INBUF,80.>;
;;EX
BCS
ERR2D
Branch on directive
eT'roT'
TSTB
lOST
Check for lID error
BLT
ERR21
Branch on 1/0 error
IOST+2,Rl
MOV
Number of b~tes input
:J:4,Rl
ADD
Add 4 for 4 A's
;;EX
:J:FDB, ,Rj.
PUT$
Put record to file
BCS
ERR3
10$
BR
EXIT:

75
76
77

ERR1:
ERR2D:
ERR2I:

79
80

84
85
86

:J:FDB,ERR4
EX$SUC

.SBTTL

ERI::;OR HANDLER

FCSERR
DIRERR
CMPB
BEQ

:J:FDB,(ERROR OPENING FILE>
(DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ)
; I~:; it "'Z"~
:J:IE.EOF,IOST
; If eaual, close file
EXIT

IOERR

:J:IOST,(ERROR ON READ> ; Displa~ error
message and €~~.,:i t
:J:FDB,ERR4
; Close file
:J:FDB,(ERROR WRITING RECORD)
:J:FDB,(ERROR CLOSING FILE)
START

and

Bl
82
83

CLOSE$
EXST$C

ERR3:
ERR4:

CLOSE$
FCSERR
FCSERR
.END

128

e~·,i t

File Control Services·
SOLUTION

PROGRAM CRESEQ

C FILE LEXI01.FTN

!CREATE FILE SEQUENTIALLY

C Modified to precede each record with AAAA·

7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

C This task creates a file of VARI.ASC of
C variable-Ien~th records usin~ seauential record access.
C The records are input from the terminal and copied to
C the file.
The process stops when the operator twpes
C CTRL/Z at the terminal.
C
BYTE BUFF(84),INBUF(80)
! !EX
E(~UIVI~LENCE (BUFF(5)"INBUF(1»
'!EX
INTEGER LEN
DATA BUFF(1)"BUFF(2),BUFF(3),BUFF(4)
l/'A','A','A','A'1
C

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

C OPEN FILE
C
C Default access is seauential
C Default is formatted liD for seauential files

C
OPEN
:t.

TYPE
*,'TYPE IN TEXT, TERMINATE EACH RECORD
1 WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN'
*,'TERMINATE INPUT WITH A CTRL/Z'
TYPE

C Loop
10
11

32
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

(UNIT=l,NAME='VARI.ASC',TYPE='NEW',
CARRIAGECONTROL='LIST')

29
30
31

! !EX

READ (5,11,END=100) LEN"INBUF
FORMAT (Q,80A1)

Read reco T'd' 'EX

LEN ::: LEN+4

Add 4 fOT' A's
, 'EX
Write record
to file

WRITE (1,12) (BUFF(I),I=1,LEN)
FORMAT (BOA1)
GO TO 10
C Close file and exit
100
CLOSE
(UNIT=1)
CALL EXIT
END
12

129

File Control Services
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE
.IIIENT
.ENABL..

1
2
3

LEX102
/011

Enable lower case

5
6

File LEX102.MAC

LEX102 appends records to the end of the file
TEST.FIL, settins the input from TI:. TEST.FIL
contains variable lensth records and can be
created usins the editor. A -Z terminates input
and closes the file.

8
9

10
11
12
13

; ._.

.MCALL

EXSTSC,QIOW$C,aIOW$,I1IR$

.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

FSRSZS,FDBDF$,NMBl.K$
FDRCSA,FDATSA,FDOP$A
OPENSA,PUT$,CLOSE$

15
:L6
17
18
19

21
22
23

24
25
26

27
28
29
30
31

; SI.JPF,re£>s ASCI I
; aro status block

HEX

lOST:
PRINT:
BUFF:
OBUFF:

.NLIST
.BLKW
aIOWt.
.BLKB
.BLKB

ARG:

• BLKW

EFIICHO:
EFlaIO:
EFCIIIR:
EFeSIO:

• ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
• ASCll
.ASCIZ

User record buffer
Output buffer for
e r ro T' lTteS5a~3es
1
Arsument block for
$EIIMSG
IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON aIO. ERROR CODE = %D.I
1110 ERROR ON aID. ERROR CODE - %D.1
IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. ERROR CODE = %D.I
1FCS 1/0 ERROR CODE. ERROR CODE - %D.?

.EVEN
.L1ST

BEX

Show offsets

FSRSZ$

1 file for record 110

FDBIIF$
FDRC$A
FDOP$A
NMBl.K$

,BUFF,80.
1"FILE
TEST,FIL

File descriptor block
User buffer and size
use LUN 1
TEST.FIL

.ENABL

LSB

OPEN$A

tFDB"",,,,,ERR1

MOV
MOV
MOVB
SOB

t80. ,Rl
tBUFF,R2
t ' , (R2) +
Rl,20$

IO.WVB~5,1",,<OBUFF,0,40>

80.

32
3~5
~'S4

35
~~6

37
38
39

40
41

FILE:

42
43

45
46

47
48
49

START:

130

OPEN for append; if
open fails, CALL.. ERR1
Size c)f URB
Addr of Uf~B
Blank fill record
so no ~arbase fill

File Control Services
SOLUTION
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
71::,J
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

CHOW$C

OKlO:

MOV
PUT$
BR

IO.RVB,5,1"IOST,,(BUFF,80.); Read a
line from TI:
ItIROK
Branch on [Ii T'ective ok
tEF'ICHO,Rl
Set IJP for $EItMSG
t.IISW,R2
SHOERR
Branch to show €:'T'ro r
and e~·dt
lOST
Check for 1/0 errOl'
OKlO
BT'anch if 1/0 ok
Check for EOF
tIE.EOF"IOST
EXIT
If EO, close and e~·~ it
10ST,RO
1/0 status is sign
e~·ctended and F,laced
in argument block
RO,ARG
for $EDMSG call
tARG,R2
Set '.J? for $EDMSG call
tEFDCHO"Rl
SHOERR
Branch to show error
and e~·dt
Length of l'ecord to FU
IOST+2,Rl
tFDB"Rl,ERR2
Write neNt record
10$
Get ne~·~t record

EXIT:

CLOSE$
BeS
EXST$C

tFDB
EI:':R3
EX$SUC

Bec
MOV
MOV
BR
DIROK:

MOV
MOV
MOV
BR

9:~

94
91::,J
96
97
9EJ
99

Close file
BT'anch on FCS En' 1'0 r
E~·dt with status of :I.

; Error Processing
ERR1:
ERR2:
F.ERR+l(RO)
ERI:':3:
TSTB

BEQ
MOV

87
88
89
90
91
92

TSTB
BGT
CMF'B
BEO
MOVB

10:

BR
MOV

FINSET: MOVB
MOV
MOV
SHOERR: MOV
CALL
MOV
DIR$
CLOSE$
EXST$C
.END

Iii rf.~ct, i ve error or 110
error
Branch on 1/0 errOl'
10
tEFCDIR,R1
Set UP for $EDMSG,
directive error
Branch to finish setup
FINSET
Set UP for $EDMSG" lID
tEFCSIO"Rl
error
F.ERR(RO),RO
FCS error code
RO, Ar~G
is sign e~·~tended and
placed in ars block
tARG,R2
$EDMSG argument block.
tOBUFF,RO
OutPIJt buffer
$EDMSG
Format err'or messasE'
R1,PRINT+Q.IOPL+2 ; Size of message
tPRINT
Print erT'OT' ITleSSage
Close file
tFDB
EX$ERR
E~·d t, with statu~; of
START
'")
A..

131

File Control Services
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEXI02

C FILE LEXI02.FTN

4
5
6
7
8

C
C This task appends records to the file TEST.FIL.
C The records are input from the terminal and copied to
C the file. The process stops when the operator t~pes
C CTRL/Z at the terminal.

9
10

C TEST.FIL contains variable lensth records and can
C be created usins the editor.

11
12
13

14
15
16

C
C
COPEN FIl.E

BYTE BUFF(SO)
INTEGER LEN

C Default access is seGuential
C Default is formatted I/O for seGuential files
C
(UNIT=l,NAME='TEST.FIL',TYPE='OLD',
OPEN
CARRIAGECONTROL='LIST',ACCESS='APPEND')
1
C
TYPE
*,'TYPE IN TEXT, TERMINATE EACH RECORD
1 WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN'
TYPE
*,'TERMINATE INPUT WITH A CTRL/Z'
C Loop
10
READ (S,11,END=100) LEN,BUFF
11
FORMAT (Q,80A1)

WRITE (1,12) (BUFF(I),I=1,LEN)
FORMAT (SOAI)
GO TO 10
C Close file and exit
100
CLOSE
(UNIT=I)
CALL EXIT
END

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

32
33
34

35
36
37

132

Write record
to file

File Control Services
SOLUTION
3.

1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
1 ...}
16
17
18
19
20
21

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

;+
~':'ile

Enable lower case

LEXI03.MAC
~et

;;EX
;;EX

CREFXA opens FIXED.ASC for write, inputs records
from TI: and puts them seGuentiallw to the file.
A ~z terminates input and closes the file.
.MCALL

EXSTSC,aIOWSC,QIOWS,DIR$

.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

FSRSZS,FDBDFS,NMBLKS

RSIZ
lOST:
PRINT:
BUFF:
OBUFF:

.NLIST
30.
• BLI<W
QIOWS
.BLKB
.BLKB

ARG:

.BLKW

~54
~55

Modified to use FCS instead of aID's to
input from TI:

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
3()
31
32
33

CREFXA
/01/

::::

EFDaIO: .ASCIZ
EFlaIO: .ASCIZ
EFCDIR: .ASCIZ
EFCSIO: .ASCIZ

FDRCSA,FDATSA~FDOP$A

OPENSW,GETS,PUTS,CLOSES
OPENSR
; SUPF"ress ASCI I
; Record size (bwtes)
; aIO status block
2
IO.WVB,5,1",,{OBUFF,O,40>
RSIZ
User record buffer
80.
Output buffer for
error messages;
1
Ar~ument block for
SEDMSG
IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON QIO. ERROR CODE :::: %D.I
1110 ERROR ON QIO. ERROR CODE:::: %D.?
IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. ERROR CODE:::: %D.I
?FCS liD ERROR CODE. ERROR CODE:::: %D.?
BEX

.EVEN
.LIST

BEX

Show offsets

38
39

FSRSZS

2 files for record liD

:36

4()

41
42
43
44
45
46
47

; H~X

FDB:

FILE:

FDBDFS
FDRCSA
FDATSA
FDOPSA
NMBLKS

; File descriptor block
,BUFF,RSIZ
; User buffer and size
R.FIX,FD.CR,RSIZ; Fixed len~th records,
implied <CR><LF>
l.Jse LUN 1
1"FILE
FIXED,ASC
FIXED.ASC

133

File Control Services
· SOLUTION

50
51

; FDB for TI:
FDBI:
FDBDFS
FDRC$A

; ;EX
; ; EX
URB addr and size, ;;EX
defaults to
;;EX
seQuential access ;;EX
Fixed len~th records,;;EX
implied <CR><LF>
;;EX
Use LUN 2, dataset
descriptor at DSPTI;;EX
Device
;;EX
UIC - not needed for;;EX
TI:
;;EX
File Name - not
;;EX
needed fo T' TI:
; ; EX
ASCII device
;;EX
; ; EX
;; EX

,BUFF,30.

52
53

FDATSA

R.VAR,FD.CR

FDOPSA

2,DSPTI

56
57
513

DSF'TI:

.WORD
.WORD

.WORD

62
63

DEV:

64
65
66
67
68

.ASCII ITI:I
LDEV=.-[lEV
.EVEN
.ENABL LSB

START:

OPENSW

tFDB"""ERR1

OF'ENSR

tFDBI"""ERRl

(,9

70
71.
72
'73

74
75
76

77
78
79
130
81

82
8~5

84
85
86
87
88

89
90
91
92
93
94

95
96

MOV
MOV
MOVB
SOB
GETS
BCC
TSTB

tRSIZ,Rl
tBUFF,R2
t" ,(R2)t
Rl,20$
tFDBI
OKlO
F.ERRtl(RO)

CLOSES
BCS
CLOSES
BCS
EXSTSC

tFDB
ERR3
tFDBI
ERI:;:4
EX$SUC

OPEN; if open fails,
CALL ERR1
OPEN Ifile on TI: ;;EX
for read
;;EX
l

Size of URB
Addr of URB
Blank fill record
so no ~arba~e fill
Get record from TI: ;;EX
Branch on GET$ ok
;;EX
lID error or
;;EX
directive error?
;;EX
Branch on directive ;;EX
DIRERR
BNE
;
error
;;EX
; Sta~ here for 1/0 error. Check for ~z+
;;EX
IOERR: CMPB
tIE.EOF,F.ERRCRO); Check for EOF
;;EX
BEQ
EXIT
If EQ, close and exit;;EX
BR
10
It is an lID error, ;;EX
so displa~ error
;;EX
messa~e and e~< i t
Write next record
PUTS
OKlO:
tFDB",ERR2
10$
Get next T'eco rd
BR
Close file
Branch on FCS error
Close Ifile" at TI: ;;EX
Branch on FeS error
Exit with status of 1

134

File Control Services
SOLUTION
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

; Error Processing
ERR1:
ERR2:
ERR3:
ERR4:
F.ERRtl(RO)
TSrB

BEQ
I1IRERR: MOV
10:

BR
MOV

FINSEr: MOVB
MOV
MOV
SHOERR: MOV
CALL
MOV
I1IR$
CLOSE$
CLOSE$
EXST$C
.END

Directive error or lID
error
10
Branch 01"1 lID error
; ;EX
tEFCDIR,Rl
Set U? for $EDMSG,
di rectiv(-? eT'rOT'
FINSEr
Branch to finish setup
Set UP for $EDMSG, 110
tEFCSIO"Rl
error
F.ERR(RO),RO
FCS error code
RO,ARG
is sign e~·,tend€~d and
placed in aT'g block
tARG,R2
$EDMSG argument block
Output buffc-?T'
tOBUFF,RO
$EDMSG
Format error messcs!,je
Rl,PRINTtQ.IOPLt2 ; Size of lTIeSSc~gf:~
tP~~INr
PT'int eT'T'C)r ITlessa~ie
iFDB
Close file
iFDBI
Close -file- at T1: ~ ; EX
E~·:i t, with status of 2
EX$ERR
START

135

File Control Services
SOLUTION
4.

1
2

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

4
5
6
7

8
9
10
11
12
1.3
1.4
15
:L6
17
18
19
20
21
22
2~5

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
:~3

34
~55

36
37
38
:39
40
41
42
43
44
4~5

46
47
48
49

LEX104
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

File LEX104.MAC
This program opens the file FIXED.ASC and updates
records in the file using random access. The original
file was created usinS CREFXA
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

FDBDF$,FDATSA,FDRCSA,FDOF'SA,OF'ENSU
EXITSS,QIOWSC,QIOWS,QIOWSS,PUTSR
CLOSES,FCSMCS

FCSMC$

RSIZ
lOST:
F'~~INT:

BUFF:
EMESD:
EMESI:
OUT:
BUFF1:

Get most of the FCS
macros (FCSMC$ has
.MCALLs for man~ FCS
macros

.NLIST

BEX

=30.
.BLKW
QIOW$
.BLKB
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.BLKB
.ASCII

; Record size (in b~tes)
2
; 1/0 status block
IO.WVB,5,1",,(OUT,0,40>
RSIZ
; user record buffer
IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. CODE = XD.I
'FCS I/O ERROR. CODE = %D.'
100.
; Output message buffer
ITHAT'S ALL FOLKS!I
Message on success
complE~tion

LEN1=.-BUFFl
ERRMSG: .BLKB
100.
Error message buffer
MSGERF: .ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR, CODE = XD/
CNVER:
.ASCII ICONVERSION ERROR ON RECORD NUMBERI
LCNVER=.-CNVER
INPT:
.ASCII IENTER RECORD NUMBER AND TEXT:I
LINPT=.-INf'T
.EVEN
FSRSZ$

1 file open for record
liD

; FDB for file
FDB:
FDBDFS
;FDB
;FD.INS is needed to keep the EOF mark where it is
FDRC$A FD.INS!FD.RAN,BUFF,RSIZ; Random mode, URB
; addrs and size
Use LUN 1, default
FDOF'$A 1"DFNB
fi lc-?name block
Default name FIXED.ASC
NMBLK$ FIXED,ASC
DFNB:

136

File Control Services
SOLUTION
50
51
52
53
54
~;5

57
58
59
60
61

.ENABL

START:

LSB

Allow local symbols
to cross Psect
bOI.Jndaries

OF'EN$U

Open file for update
;
(includes extend)
; Clear buffer tC) all blanks each time
:J:~-;:SIZ,Rl
lOS:
MOV
Record size
R2 =) buffer
MOV
tBUFF"R2
i ~ , (R2) t
20$:
MOVB
Move in a blank.
Rl,20$
SOB
Continue until done

62
63
64
65
66

68
69
'70

71
72
73

74
75
76

77
78
79

80
81
B2

84
85

86
87
88
89
90
91

QIOWSC

IO.RPR,5,1"IOST"(BUFF,RSIZ,,INPT,LINPT,'S)
Prompt and ~et input
CMPB
tIE.EOF,IOST
Check for ~Z
BEQ
EXIT
If -Z, exit
MOV
tBUFF,RO
Set UP to convert
CALL
SCDTB
;
record t to binar~
Check for ~ood conversion, character after t is
returned in R2 (it should be a M,M)
CMPB
t'"R2
; Is it a comma
BEQ
GOOD
; Branch on ~ood
conveT'sion
QIOWSC IO.WVB,5,1",,(CNVER,LCNVER,40)
Display error messaSe
BCS
ERR4
Branch on directive
error
BR
lOS
Get next input
GOOD:
PUTSR
tFDB",Rl"ERR2
Write record to output
file
BR
lOS
; Get next input
; Close file, display message, and exit
EXIT:
CLOSES tFDB,ERR3
; Close file
QIOWSC IO.WVB,5,1",,(BUFF1,LEN1,40> ;Write
; messaSe to operator
BCS
ERR4
; Branch on error
EXITSS
ERr~ 1 :

ERR2:
ERR3:

(12

CLOSES
MOVB
MOV

tFDB,ERR3
F • ERR (RO) , r~o

RO,IOST

(14
95
96
(17
98
99
lOO
l01

IOERR:

MOV
T8TB
BEQ
MOV

tIOST,R2
F.ERRtl(RO)

BR
MOV

COMME
tEMESI,R1

10ERR

tEMESD,R1

137

Close t'ile
Move FCS error code
to arSument block
for SEDMSG
Set UP for SEDMSG
1/0 or directive error
Branch on 1/0 error
Set UP for dir error
ITlessase
Branch to common code
Set UP fdr 1/0 error
message

File Control Services
SOLUTION·
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
11.4
11.5
116
117
1

COMME:

MOV
CALL
MOV
DIR$
EXITSS

tOUT,RO
Set UP for SEDMSG
SEDMSG
Edit error messaSe
R1,PRINT+a.IOPL+2 ; Lensth of error
; 1T,(0ssi:J!=le
Displaw error messa~e
tPRINT
EXIT

; Here for directive error on ala
MOV
tERRMSG,RO
Set UP for SEDMSG
ERR4:
MOV
tMSGERF,Rl
MOV
tSDSW,R2
CALL
SEDMSG
Edit msssaSe
QIOWSS tIO.WVB,t5,tl,,?Y<iERRMSG~Rl,t40>
; Displaw messase
; ENit
EXIT$S
.END
START

PROGRAM LEXI04

C File LEXI04.FTN

C This task updates records in the file FIXED.ASC usinS

6
7
8

C direct access formatted writes. The orisinal file was

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

C Direct access formatted writes are available in
C FORTRAN IV-PLUS and FORTRAN-77 onl~

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

C created usinS CREFXA.

BYTE REC (30)
C

C Open file
OPEN (UNIT=2,NAME='FIXED.ASC',ACCES8='DIRECT',
1 TYPE='OLD',FORM='FORMATTED')
C Place blanks in buffer
10
DO 15 J=1,30
REC(J)=' I
15
CONTINUE
C Read record from terminal
WRITE (5,20)
20
FORMAT ('SENTER RECORD NUMBER AND TEXT: ')
READ (5,50,END=900) REC
50
FORMAT (64A1)
C Convert record number to inteser format'
DECODE (2,60,REC) NREC
60
FORMAT (12)
C Write record to disk
WRITE (2'NREC,80) REC
80
FORMAT (30Al)
100
GOTO 10
'
C -Z input, close file and exit
900
CLOSE (UNIT=2)
CALL EXIT
END

138

File Control Services
SOLUTION
5.

1
2
3
4

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

BLOCK2
lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX105.MAC

; ;EX

7
8
9
10
11
12
l3
14
15

Modified to work on 2 virtual blocks at a time ;;EX
**-BLOCK2 prompts at TI: for a virtual block number
and then reads and displa~s that block of -BLOCK.ASC·
;-

.MCAl.L
.MCALl.
.MCALL

QIOWS,DIRS,QIOWSS,EXSTSS
FDBDFS,FDRCSA,FDBKSA,FDOPSA,NMBLKS
FSRSZS,OPENSR,READS,WAITS,CLOSES

:16

17
18
19
20
21
.'......
23
24
25
26
'")1")

2B
,29
30
31
3'".:..
33
34

CR
LF
MESl. :
LENl
MES2:
;

LEN2
MES3I:
MES:3D:
MES4I:
MES4D:
MES5I:
MES5D:
BUFF:

3 ...c1

36
37

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

.SBTTl. MESSAGES
.NLIST BEX
:::: 15
:::: 12
.ASCII IFIRST VIRTUAL BLOCK: I
:::: • - MESl
.ASCII <CR><LF>/HERE ARE THE BLOCKS

FDB:

I<CR><LF>
; ; EX

:::: • - MES2
.ASCIZ /1/0 ERROR FROM OPENSR, CODE:::: XD./
.ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR FROM OPENSR, CODE:::: XD.I
.ASCIZ /1/0 ERROR FROM READS, CODE:::: XD.'
.ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR FROM READS, CODE - XD.I
.ASCIZ /1/0 ERROR FROM WAITS, CODE:::: %D.'
.ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR FROM WAITS, CODE = XD.I
; STORE RESPONSE HERE
.BLKB
80 •
.LIST
.EVEN
.SBTTL

LOCAL STORAGE

FSRSZS

FDBDFS
FDRCSA
FDBKSA

FDB FOR INPUT FILE
FD.RWM
; READ/WRITE MODE
BLOCK,1024.,,1,IOSB ; EF 1, BUFFER ADR,;;EX
SIZE
1"FILE
LUN 1, DFNB
BLOCK,ASC
NAME IS BLOCK.ASC

FIl.E:

FDOPSA
NMBLKS

VBN:
BLOCK:
IOSB:

• WORD
• BLKW
.BLKW

BEX

NO FSR BUFFER NEEDED
FOR BLOCK 1/0

0,1
512.

DEFAULT VBN
BLOCK BUFFER

139

File Control Services
SOLUTION

51
52

PROMPT: CHOWS

53
54

DONE:

cnows

IO.RPR,5,1"IOSB"<BUFF,6,,MES1,LEN1,'S)
; Prompt and ~et VB t
IO.WVB,5,1",,<MES2,LEN2,40) ; Done

DUMP:

CHOWS

IO.WVB,5,1",,<O,64.,40) ; Displaw of VB

.SBTTL

MAINLINE CODE

OPENSR
DIRS
MOV
CLRB
MOV
CALL
MDV
READS
WAITS
DIRS

Open file
tFDB""",ERRl
tPROMF'T
Ask for a VBN
IOSB+2,RO
Put null at end
BUFF(RO)
of digit strin~
tBUFF,RO
RO => VBN
SCOTB
Convert to binarw
Rl,VBN+2
; Store as low VBN
tFDB",tVBN""ERR2 ; Read in the block
",ERR3
Wait until done
tDONE
; Tell them I/O is done

messa~e

57
~;8

START:

62
63
64
65

66
67
6B

69
70
71

Now dump 16. lines of 64. characters each

74
75
76
77
78
79

MOV
MOV

tBLOCK,RO
:J:16. ,Rl

RO => 1st line to dump
t of lines to dump ;;EX

MOV
DIRS
ADD
SOB

RO,DUMP+O.IOF'L
:J:DUMP
t64 + ,RO
R1"lS

Addr of current line
Dump it
Point at next line
Dump all 8. lines

Now we exit with status - EXSSUe

MOV
BR

:J:EXSSUC,R5
EXIT

.SBTTL

ERROR ROUTINES

TSTB

BEC~

MOV
BR
IOERR1: MOV
BR
ERR2:

F.ERR+l(RO)
IOERRl
:J:MES3[J,Rl
FCSERR
tMES3I,Rl
FCSERR

1/0 or directive error?
Branch on I/O error
=> Dir error message 3
Branch to common code
=> 1/0 error messaSe 3
Branch to common code

F.ERR+l(RO)
IOERR2
tMES4D,Rl
FCSERR

110 or directive error?
Branch on 110 error
=> Dir error messa~e 4
Branch to common code

84
85

86
87
88
B9

9~~

94
95
("16

98
99
100

Put status in R5
And th£:.'rt eNi t

ERR1:

TsrB

BEQ
MOV
BR

140

File Control Services
SOLUTION
101
102
103
104
l()S
1()6
107
108
1()9
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123

tMES4I,Rl
FCSERR

=:> I/O error messar.je 4
Branch to common codf-?

F.ERR+l(RO)
IOERR3
tMES5IhR1
FCSERR
tMES5I,Rl

1/0 or di r~~ct,ive errC)f'
Efrarlch on I/C) errOT'
=:;:. Di T' error messagf.~ 5
Brcmch to common code
:::::> I/O error lTte~;~;age ,.1
FALL INTO COMMON CODE

MOVB
MOV
MOV

F.ERR(RO),R2
R2,IOSB
tEX$ERf\,R5

Sign eNtend error code
and lTtove into lOSB
E~·dt status in R5

MOV
MOV
CALl.
aIOW$S

tIOSB,R2
tBUFF,RO
$EDMSG

Set, UP for $EDMSG

IOERR2: MOV
BR
ERR3:
TSTB
BEC~

MOV
BR
IOERR3: MOV

I::-

FCSERR:

FORMAT:

tIO.WVB,t5~tl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
lTtessa~:.~e

EXIT:
CLOSE$
EXST$S
.END

tFDB
R5
START

Close the file
with status

E~·dt

141

Di!:;pla~

File Control Services
SOLUTION

~ T1·fI...E
.IDENT
~ FNIf.JBI...

CSI
lOll

Enable lower case

I... C

-4

File I...EX106.MAC

Modified to

CSI illustrates the use of the command strin~
interpreter. This task accepts a command line from the
terminal in the form:

10
11
:12

actuall~

delete or

displa~

the file ;;EX

dev:[xv~Jfilename.filet~pe;version/switch

:1.4

where switch' can be:

• MeAl.../...
• MCt:IL/...
• MCAL/...
.MeALL
(. MCAL.I. .

20
2:1.
"1'1
",,'- ,..'..

26
27
"',(;)
...........1

30
:31

TYPE1:
TYPE2:
TYPE3:
TYPE4:
ERR1:

32
3::~

ERR2:

37
3B

39
40
41,

42
43

44
4::5
46

47
4B
4<1

GCMLBSvGCM/...S,CSISvCSISlvCSIS2
CSISSVvCSISSW,CSISND
FSRSZS,FDBDFS,FDRCSA,FDOPSA,FINITS
QIOWSS,QIOWS,DIRS,EXITSS
DELETSvOPENSRvOPENSW,GETS,PUT$,CLOSE$

(.NLIST BEX
LOCAL DATA
QIOW$
IO.WVB,5vl,y,v(ERR1,SIZl,40>
QIOWS
IO.WVB,5,1,y,,(ERR2,SIZ2,40>
QIOWS
IO.WVBv5,l,Y,~<ERR3,SIZ3,40>
QIOWS
IO.WVB,5,l",,(BUFF,,40>
.ASCII IGET COMMAND LINE ERROR I
S I Z1. :::: ...... EHR:I.
.ASCII ICSI ERROR. ILLEGAL COMMANDI

v vEX

SIZ2:::: ...... EI~F~2

34
3~5

Df..\ I €~·t€·~ f :i. :I. f:~
DI:N - Displa~ N copies of file

DE ....

16
:17
lB'
:1. (?

ERR3:

.ASCII ICS1 ERROR. FILE SPEC ERROHI
HI Z:3:::: ..... ER/:~:3
BUFF :
• B/.../( B
:1. () 0 •
y Cl u t F' U t t €~ ~.: t t.') I..J of f (~~ Y'
TBUFF: .B/.../(B
132.
v Ty'an~:;ff.:\r bl..lff(·:·~Y'
FMT:
.ASCIZ IYOU HAVE REQUESTED A %7A JOBI
FMTERD: .ASCII IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR ON %7A.I
;;EX
.ASCIZ I CODE = %D.I
;;EX
FMTER!: .ASCIZ ?FCS 1/0 ERROR ON %7A. CODE = %D.?;;~X
.EVEN
DATA:
.BLKW
2
Ar~ument block
;;EX
DELTXT: .ASCII IDELETE/<O>
ASCII text
DITXT: .ASCII IDISPLAYI
NOTXT: .ASCII INClTHINGI
F C) Y' C I C)s€·~
v vEX
C/...TXT: .ASCII ICI...OSE/(O><O>
.EVEN

142

File Control Services
SOLUTION
51
52
53

CBLK:

CSI$
.BLKB
.EVEN

Define CSI offsets
allocate CSI storase

C.SIZE

~)4

55
56
57

[tEMSK _. 1
[lIMSK = 2
SWTBL:
CSI$SW
CSI$SW

58
59

DE,DEMSK
DI,DIMSK""NUM

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67

68
69
70

CSI$ND

Delete mask
Displa~ mask
Switch descriptor table
Delete switch - DE
Displa~ switch = DI,
also allow DI:N
End of switch table

OCTAL,COPY,2,NUM; Value N for IDI:N is
in octal and will
be stored in COpy
CSI$ND
End of switch value
table
;GET COMMAND LINE BLOCK DEFINITIONS
CSI$SV

FSRSZ$

GCML uses record I/O;;EX

GBLK:

GCMLB$

,CSI,,5

FItB:

FDBItF$

Prompt with 'eSI' on
LUN 5
FDB for file to delete
or display.
URB AT TBUFF, lensth
132.
LUN 1, dataset
descriptor from csr

72
73

74
75
76

FDRC$A

,TBUFF,132.

FItOP$A

1,CBLKtC.DSDS

77
78

79
80
81

; NOTE: Need a 2nd FItB for display

82
83

FItBO:

FDBDF$
FDAT$A

R.VAR,FD.CR

FDRC$A

,TBUFF,132.

FDOP$A

2,DSPTO

FDB for output to TI:;;EX
Var len~th records, ;;EX
list format
;;EX
URB at TBUFF, lensth;;EX
132.
;;EX
LUN 2, dataset
;;EX
descriptor at DSPTO ;;EX
Dataset descriptor
;;EX
for TI:. No Ule or ;;EX
name needed.
;;EX
;; EX
;; EX

86
87

89
90

DSPTO:

91
(72

93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

DEV:

.WORIt
LDEV,DEV
.WORD
0,0
.WORD
0,0
.ASCII ITI:I
LDEV=.-DEV

.EVEN
JMPTBL: • WORD
COpy:

.WORD

NONE,DELETE,DISPLY ; Jump table for
subroutines dependin~
; on switches
; Value for N in IDI:N
1

143

File Control Services
SOLUTION

101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
1.26
127
12B
129
130
131
132
133
134

.ENABLE LSB
START:

FINlT$

GCML$
BCC
; Check for ""Z.
CMF'B
BNE
EXlT$S
REALER: fllR$

Initialize FCS, this
is normallw done with
an OPEN statement.
For delete we do not
need an open statement.
Prompt and ~et command
Branch if command OK

tGBLK
10$
If ,."z, e~·dt.
tGE.EOF,GBLKtG.ERR ; Is it ~Z1
REALER
Branch on other error
EHit
:fI:TYPE1
flisPlaw error teHt for
~et command line error

EXIT$S
E~·dt
; Parse input for ille~al characters
10$:
CSI$1
tCBLK,GBLKtG.CMLflt2,GBLKtG.CMLD; Format
is CSI addr, addr of
command, len~th of
command
BCC
20$
Branch on OK command
flIR$
tTYPE2
Displaw error teHt for
ille~al command
EXIT$S
'; E~-:i t
Create a dataset descriptor from the file specification
CSI$2
BCC
DIR$
EXIT$S

tCBLK,OUTPUT,tSWTBL ; Expect output file
;
spec
30$
Branch on file spec OK
tTYPE3
Displaw teHt for file
s}".iec error
ENit

1~~5

136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
:1.47
148
149

; Call the appropriate subroutine
~30$ :

MOV

:fI:FDB"RO

MDV

CBLKtC.MKW1,R1

ASL

R1.

CALL
BR

@. ..JMf'TBL (Rl )

of file
descriptor
Mask vahJe = 0, 1 , or 2

Addres~a

Double for word offset
into JIJmF' table
Call the slJb rOIJt i ne
Get next command line

Subroutine NONE, entered if no switches specified
NONE:

MOV

tNOTXT,DATA

Set

1~)0

for output of

me~.sa~e

144

File Control Services
SOLUTION
151
152

CALL

1~)3

RETURN

OUTMS

Call OUTMS, as a
subroutine
Return

;; EX
; ; EX
; ; EX

154

155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163

Common displa~ messa~e code - a subroutine since it ;;EX
is not a common return point
;;EX
OUTMS:

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
QIOWSS
RETURN

iBUFF, I~()

Set UP for SEDMSG

tFMT,I~j,

tDATA,R2
SEDMSG
~ Edit message
tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
; Return

164
165
166
167
168
169

Subroutine DELETE
***WARNING - THE HIGHEST VERSION NUMBER OF THE FILE ***
***WILL BE DELETED IF NO VERSION NUMBER IS SPECIFIED ***

170

DELETE: MOV

171
172

CALL

tDELTXT,DATA

Set UP for Dutput of

OUTMS

Call

/Tlessa~e

173
174
175
176
177

178
179
180
181

DELETS tFDB,ERRD
RETURN
; Delete err'or code
F.ERR(RO),R5
ERRD:
MOVB
R5,DATA+2
MOV
tDELTXT,DATA
MOV
COMME:

TSTB

182
183
184
185

BEa
MOV
BR

186
187
188
189
190
191

192
193
194
195

IOERR: MOV
DISf'ER: MOV
MOV
CALL
MOV
DIRS
EXITSS

displa~

subroutine
Delete file
Return

Extend sign on error;;EX
and move to ars block;;EX
Move pointer to delete;;EX
text
;;EX
Check for directive ;;EX
F.ERR+1(RO)
error or I/O error ;;EX
Branch on I/O error ;;EX
IOERR
Get format string
;;EX
tFMTERD,R1
Branch to common
;;EX
DISf'ER
error displa~ code ;;EX
Get format strin~
;;EX
tFMTERI,R:L
Set UP for SEDMSG
;;EX
tBUFF, I~O
; ;EX
tDATA,R2
; Edit messaSe
;;EX
SEDMSG
;;EX
R1,TYPE4+a.IOf'L+2 ; Size of messase
Displa~ messa~e
;;EX
tTYF'E4
Exit
;;EX

Subroutine DISPLY - Just displa~ a messa~e

196
197
198

DISF'LY: CALL
MOV

Save all reSisters
Set UP for output of
message
Branch to common
displa~ code

SSAVAL
tDITXT,DATA

199
200
201

CALL

;;EX
;;EX
;;EX

OUTMS

145

File Control Services
SOLUTION
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
21.4
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
22B

229
2:-S0
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
2:38
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250

OF'EN$R
OF'EN$W
MOV

tFDB""",ERRE
tFDBO"""ERRE
COPY,R4

JMf'

COMME

.END

START

Open file for input
Open TI: for output
Number of copies to
R4
tFDB,RO
MOV
Addr of FDB of input
file
CALL
.MARK
Save pointers to
fi rst record fOT'
resettin~. Pointers
are returned in Rl,
R2,R3
BCS
ERRE
Branch on error
GET:
GET$
tFDB
Get record from file
BCS
CHECK
Branch on error
; StaY here if OK ~et - output record to TI:
F.NRBDCRO),FDBO+F.NRBD ; Move lensth of
MOV
record to FDBO
F'UT$
Display record at 11:
tFDBO",ERRE
BR
GET
Get ne~·~t reco T'd
; Error code
CHECK:
CMPB
tIE.EOF,F.ERRCRO) ; Check for EOF
BNE
ERRE
Branch if not
Decrement copy counter
DEC
R4
BNE
AGAIN
Branch if more to do
t1,COF'Y
Reset number of copies
MOV
CLOSE$ tFDB,ERRC
Close file
CLOSE$ tFDBO,ERRC
Clc)se TI:
RETURN
; More copies to do - reset pointers to start of input
; file and repeat
AGAIN:
CALL
.POINT
; Rl,R2,R3 are still set
BCC
GET
; Display next COpy
; Here for errors on PUT$s, GE1$s, and .F'OINTs
ERRE:
MOVB
F.ERRCRO),R5
Extend siSn and move
MOV
R5,DATA+2
error code to DATA
MOV
tDITXT,DATA
Move displaw function
for disF'la~~
CL..OSE$ tFnB"ERRC
Close files
CLOSE$ tFDBO,ERRC
~ran~h to common error
BR
COMME
code
; Here for errors on close
ERRC:
MOVB
F.ERRCRO),R5
Extend si~n and move
MOV
R5,DATA+2
error code to DATA
MOV
tCLTXT,DATA
Move close text for
displa~

Jump to common error
code

146