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EY-0060E-TP-0001

May 1982

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Document:	Programming RSX-11M in Macro A Self-Paced Course Tests/Exercises
Order Number:	EY-0060E-TP-0001
Revision:	0
Pages:	153
Original Filename:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/rsx11m_s/Programming_RSX-11M_Self-Paced_Training/EY-0060E-TP-0001_Programming_RSX-11M_in_Macro_Tests_1982.pdf

OCR Text

EY-0060E-TP-OOO 1

Programming RSX-llM in MACRO
A Self-Paced Course
Tests jExercises

EV-0060E-TP-OOO 1

Programming
RSX-llM in MACRO
A Self-Paced Course
Tests/Exercises

Prepared by Educational Services
of
Digital Equipment Corporation

Copyright © 1982, Digital Equipment Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
The reproduction of this material, in part or whole, is
strictly prohibited. For copy information, contact the
Educational Services Department, Digital Equipment
Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730.

Printed in U.S.A.

The information in this document is subject to change
without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital
Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished
under a license and may not be used or copied except
in accordance wi~h the terms of such license.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for the use or reliability of its software on equipment
that is not supplied by Digital.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation,
Maynard, Massachusetts:
DIGITAL
DEC
PDP
DECUS
UNIBUS

DECsystem-10
DECSYSTEM-20
DIBOL
EDUSYSTEM
VAX
VMS

9/82-14

MASSBUS
OMNIBUS
OS/8
RSTS
RSX
lAS

CONTENTS
1

USING SYSTEM SERVICES
Test/Exercise • • • •
Sol ut ion.
••• •

DIRECTIVES
Test/Exercise
Sol ut ion. • •

5
7

USING THE QIO DIRECTIVE
Test/Exercise • • • •
Solution • • . • . • •

21
•

USING DIRECTIVES FOR INTERT ASK COMMUNICATION
Test/Exercise • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Solution • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • 59

OVERLAYING TECHNIQUES
63
· . . . . . . . . • •• 65

ST ATIC REGIONS

. . ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ··

Test/Exercise
Solution.

• 37

• • • • 61

Test/Exercise • •
Sol ution. • •

• 35

MEMORY MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS.
Test/Exercise • • • •
Solution • • • • • • •

·······
·····

81
· · · 83
·

DYNAMIC REGIONS
93
..
. . ·· ·· ·· ·· · · · . ·· ·· · · ·· ·· ·· . . ·· ·· ·· 95

Test/Exercise
Solution.

iii

FILE 1/0

. . . . . . . ..

Test/Exeicise • •
Solution • • • • • • •

...

117
121

FILE CONTROL SERVICES
Test/Exercise • • • •
Solution • • • • • • •

125
127

FIGURES
1

Virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60

INTRODUCTION
This book contains tests/exercises for two different courses,
Programming RSX-IIM in MACRO and Programming RSX-IIM in FORTRAN.
Most of the questions apply to both courses.
If a question begins
with "In MACRO" or "In FORTRAN", that question applies only to the
specified course.
Solutions are provided for all tests/exercises.
Where it is appropriate, separate solutions are provided for MACRO
and FORTRAN.
Solutions which involve programs should also be
available on-line.
Check the Student Guide in the Student Workbook for
course for information on how to use the tests/exercises.

your

Using System Services
TEST /EXERCISE
1.

Match the function with the type of
perform it.

system

service

used

Type of System Service

Function
a. The tasks send data
back and forth to
each other

1. System and task information

b. The tasks read data
from a file on disk

3. Task communication/coordination

c. The tasks get input
from an operator
at a terminal

4. I/O to peripheral devices

2. Task control

5. File and record access

6. Memory use

Draw a figure to illustrate a method
service through the Executive.

providing

system

Using System Services
TEST IEXERCISE
3.

What is the ot.her method for providing a system service?

Identify two system libraries you
programs that use system services.

might

use

writing

Using System Services
SOLUTION
1.

Match the function with the type of
perform it.
Function

system

service

used

Type of System Service

a. The tasks send data
back and forth to
each other

1. System and task information

b. The tasks read data
from a file on disk

3. Task communication/coord ination

c. The tasks get input
from an operator
at a terminal

4. I/O to peripheral devices

2. Task control

5. File and record access

6. Memory use

Draw a figure to illustrate a method
service through the Executive.

See Figure I-lor 1-2

providing

system

Using System Services
SOLUTION
3.

What is the other method for providing a system service?
Insert the code into your task.

Identify two system libraries you
programs that use system services.
Any two of the following:
SYSLIB.OLB
RSXMAC.SML
RMSMAC.MLB
RMSLIB.OLB
FOROTS.OLB
F4POTS.OLB
Also acceptable:
FCSREF.TSK
FORRES.TSK
F4PRES.TSK
RMSSEQ.TSK

might

use

writing

Directives
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

In MACRO-II
a.

Modify the task READF to use the $C form of the Read Event
Flags directive.

Modify the task READF to use the $8 form of the Read Event
Flags directive.

In FORTRAN, modify the task READF
numbered flags from 1 to 15(10).

Modify WFLAG and 8FLAG to use a global event flag instead of a
group global event flag.
Omit any unnecessary code in the
tasks.
Check with your instructor to find out which event
flag to use.

Write a task which does some work and periodically checks a
group global event flag.
Have it display a message and exit
when the flag has been set. Write another task, or modify
SFLAG to set the flag.

Add a requested exit A8T routine to WFLAG.

In MACRO-II, add an odd address trap SST routine to the task
SST.
Include an instruction which causes the trap to occur.

set

all

the

odd

Directives
SOLUTION l.a

1
'")

4
I::'

6
l

F~EAItF

.IDENT
.ENABL

/O:L /

Enable lower case

LEX21.A.MAC

Filf~

.. J

.TITLE

Modified to use the $e form of the Read All Event ;;EX
directive

Fl<:1~1S

<:J

This task starts up, sets event flas 1v reads the
event flaSs, moves them into re~isters RO-R3 and then
exits~ It uses the $ form of the directive calls.

:1.1
:1.2
13

ThE)

f:r.a~s

are

:1. ~5
:I.e>
:1.7
:1.8

19
20

T't?tu pnE.\d

as fc)llows:

E.\vent flags
word 0
WOT'.:! 1 .... event flags
word 2 .- event flags
word 3 _.. ev(-?nt flags

; ....

?l.
22

.MCALL

RDAFSC,SETFS,EXITSS,DIR$;

macros
; ; EX
Buffer for event flag

• Bl./(W

2~5

BUFF:

'11:.-

S~5tem

vall.Je~:;

,.... ,.J

26
27

1-16
17-32
33,,-48
49--64

SETF:

SErFS

DPB for Set Event FlaS
di rf~ctive

STAF(f:

CLR
DIRS
BCS
t,DAFSC

R4
ISETF
ERR1
BUFF

Bes
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV

BUFF,RO
BUFF+2,1:;:1
BUFF+4,R2
BUFF+6,R3

Clear error counter
Set event fla~ 1
Branch on dir error
Read the event flass;;EX
(1 - 64).
Branch on dir error
Move the event flaS
values into the
resisters

lOT

28
2<1
~so

;'51

;32
~53

34
;3~5

;36
~57
~58

EI~R2

TraF' and di~:;pla~
resisters

41
4':>

43
44
41:~

.. J

46
47

;

COITJ€~

:
ERR1:
E~-;;R2

herE.\ on directive
INC
R4
R4
INC
MOV
lOT

$DSW"RO

.END

START

error~>

R4=2 for read error
R4=1 for set event
flag errOT'
Error code into RO
Trap and displa~ the
resi steT's

-'19

Directives
SOLUTION

l.b

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

1
2
3

Enable lower -case

loC

File LEX2:LB.MAC

1::'

...

READF
lOll

6
7
B
9

Modified to use SS form of the Read All Event
di rt-~ctive

Fla~s

;;EX

:L2

This task starts UPv sets event fla~ 1, reads the
event flaSsy moves them into re~isters RO-R3 and then
exit~. It uses the S form of the directive calls.

:/.3
:1.4

The f 1 a~j!:; <.~re

1.:1.

M ••

17
18

; -..

.MCALL

::.~ ::.?

23
24

as ft") 11 C)ws:

wt")rd 0
ev€~nt
word 1
ever.t
wt")rd 2 - event
f.~v(~nt
wCJrd 3

:1.6

:1.9
20
21

rc:~turned

System macros
; ;EX
Buffer for event fla~
value!:1

BU<W

SETF:

SETFS

[lPB for Set Event
di T'ective

START:

Cl.R

1:::4
iSETF
ERR1
tBUFF

Clear error counter
Set event fla~ 1
Branch on dir error
Read the event fla~s
(1 - 64).
;;EX
Branch on dir error
Move the event fla~
values into the
T'esisters

DIF~$

BCS
RDAFSS
BCS
MOV
MOV
MOV
MClV
rOT

37
38
39

46
47
48

ERR2
BUFFyRO
BUFF+2,R1
BUFF+4vR2
BUFF+6,R3

Fla~

Trap and displaw
T'e~:i.sters

; Comt"? here on directive errors

ERR2:
ERRl.:

INC
INC

R4
R4

MOV
lOT

S[lSW,RO

.END

START

R4=2 for read error
R4=1 for set event
fla~ error
Error code into RO
Trap and displaw the
registers

49
50

3~5

4'::,J

17····32
3:3-48
49- 64

BUFF:

40
4142
4:3
44

1-16

RDAF$SySETF$~EXITSS,DIRS;

2~)

26
27
28
29
30
:3:1.
:32
:3:3
34

flags
flags
flC:Jgs
flags

Directives
SOLUTION
2.

READF.FTN

1.
2

C Fil€~ LEX22.FTN

-4

5
6
7

C Modified for exercises. Set odd numbered flags.

C This task sets event flag 1 and then reads
C flags 1 to 16 and displa~s them

<:1

10
:1.1

12
13
:1.4
1~)

:L6
:L7
:I.B
:L9

! !EX

IEVF(:L6)"IDSW
! !EX
C Set odd event fla~s.
! !EX
DO 5 1':>::1" 1~5,.2
! !EX
CALL SETEF (K,IDSW)
C Branch on directive error
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1000
! !EX
CONTINUE
r Read the event flags into the arra~ ievf. Note
C that in FORTAN" we can onl~ read 1 flag at a time
DO 20 1=1,11.)

CALL READEF (I"IDSW)

21
.'-

C Branch on directive error

2:~

C Check IDSW value" 2 means set" 0 means clear

24
,')c·

C Set the ievf value accordingl~ (1 means set" 0
C means c I f.~ar)
IF (IDSW .EQ. 2) GOTO 10
IEVF( I )::::1DSW
GO TO 20
10
IEVF(I)=l
20
CONTINUE
C Write out flag settinss" starting with fla~ 16.
WRITE (5,30)
30
FORMAT (' EVENT FLAGS 16. TO :L. ARE:')
WRITE (5,,40) (IEVF(J)" J=16,,1,-1)
40
FORMAT (' ',1612)
CALI... EXIT
C Come here on directive errors
1000
WRITE (5,,1010) IDSW
1010
FORMAT (' ERROR SETTING FLAG. ERROR CODE - ',15)
CALL EXIT
1100
WRITE (5,,1110) IDSW
1110
FORMAT (' ERROR READING FLAG. ERROR CODE = ',15)
CALL EXIT
END

")"')
.~.

A'"

27
28
29

30
3:1.
32

33
34
35
36

37
38

40
41
4':)

43
44

IF (IDSW ./...T. 0) GOTO 1100

Directives
SOLUTION
3.

.TITLE
.IDENT
• ENI!'!aBL

2
3

WFLAG
/01/

Enable lower case

I... C

FILE: LEX23A.MAC

5
f.)

Modified to use

"7
8
9
:1.0
11
12
:1.3

~lobal

event ~la~ 35.

This pro~ram creates the Sroup ~lobal event fla~s,
clears event flaS 65. and waits for it to be set. When
the fiaS is set it writes a messa~e and eXlts.
Assemble and task-build instructions:

>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:WFLAG LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIBR-;;EX
->ARY,dev:[ufdJLEX23A
>LINK/MAP WFLAG,LB:[l,l.JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

:1.5

16
1"7

:L8

Install and Run instructions:

1.9

20
2:1.

Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will try to install both tasks under the same
name~ TTnn.

I")'")
,,-.. AO..

2~5

24
25
26

;

; _.

.MCALL

2"7
28
2(l

30
:~ 1

START:

.MCALL

EXITSS,WTSESC,CLEFSC,CRGFSC; Swstem
; macros
SUF,plied macro
TYPE

CLR

TYPE

:32

33
34

CLEFSC
BCB

3:7;
36
37
:·58

WTSESC

~59

BCS

40
4l.
4"
43
44

TYPE
EF~R3

RO used to identify
; the err'or
(CLEAR AND THEN WAIt FOR EF 35. TO BE SET)
; H·:X

Clear event flaS 35.;;EX
ERR2
Branch on directive
errOl'
3t").
Wait for event fla~ 35
to be set
;;EX
ERR3
Branch on directive
error'
(EF 35. HAS BEEN SET. WFLAG WILL NOW EXIT>
; ;EX
35.

EXITSS
INC

INC

MDV

SDSW,R1

RO ~ 3 if error on
wait for dir
RO = 2 if error on
cleclr flelS di r
Plclce DSW in Rl
Trap and dump reSisters

4C~

46
47
48

4(,
50

ERR2:

JOT

.END

START

Directives
SOLUTION

PROGRAM WFLAG

2
3

C
C Modified to use event flaS

C FILE LEX23A.FTN

5
6
7
8
9
10
11

3~(10)
! !EX
C
C This task creates the Sroup sloba! event flaSs, and
C then clears event flag 65. and waits for it to be set.
C When the flaS is set, it writes a message and exits
C
C Install and run instructions:

12
13
14

C
C
C
C

1 ~)

Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
nam("~ (TTnn)

16
17

WRITE (5,20)
FORMAT (' CLEAR AND WAIT FOR EF 35. TO BE SET')!!EX
CALL CLREF (35,IDSW)
! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT~ 0) GOTO 1100
CALL WAITFR (35,IDSW)
! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1200
WRITE (~i,30)
FORMAT (' EF 35. HAS BEEN SET. FW~IT WILL NOW EXIT')
30
! !EX
C
CALL EXIT
C Error processinS
C
1100
WRITE (5,1110) IDSW
1110
FORMAT '(, DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 3:7;.
1 DSW :::: ',15)
! ! EX
CALL EXIT
WRITE (5,1210) IDSW
:1.200
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG
1210
1 35. DSW = ',15)
CALL EXIT
END

19
20
21
22
2:~

24
~~~ ~:;

26
27
28

29
30
31
32
33
34

35
36
37
38

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
'")

..:..

3
4
5

;t
FILE

SFLAG
/011

Enable lower case

LEX2~3B.MAC

7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14

; ;EX

Modified to use event flas 35.
This task sets event flas 65.
Sroup Slobal event flass have

It assumes that the
been created.

alread~

Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LB:Cl,IJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJSFLAG
LINK/MAP SFlAG,LB:Cl,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

Directives
SOLUTION
16
17

Install and Run notes:

1B
First run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least ane of
the tasks must be installed, or else the RUN
command will try to install both tasks under
the same name~ TTnn.

1.9

20
21

; ....

26
2"7
28

;
STAF~T:

• MCALI...
.MCALL.

EXIT$S"SETF$C
TYPE

TYPE

(EF 35. IS BEING SET. THEN SFLAG WILL EXIT.>
, ; EX
35.
Set event flaS 35. ;;EX
ERR
Branch on dir error

29
:~ ()

32
33

ERR:

:35

:I.

SETF$C
BCS
EXIT$S
MOV
lOT
.END

tem iliac ras
lied lTIac rc)s

Ewi.t
Sf.~ve [lSW
Trap and dump reSisters

$DSW"R:I.
START

PROGRAM SFLAG

3
4

C FILE LEX23B.FTN
C
-C Modified to use event flas 35.

S~:~f:;

S.Uf~P

! !EX

(!>

7
8

C This task sets event flaS 65. It assumes that the
C Sroup ~lobal event flags have alread~ been created.
C
C Install and run instructions:

9
10

11
:1.2
1 :~

14
l5
l6
17
:1.8
1.9

20
21
22
23
24
26
.r)''''
.:- "
28
29
~30

r
r

C
C
C

Run WFL.AG" then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will tr~ to install both tasks under the same
namf."? (TTnn).

WRITE C:;p1.0)
FORMAT (' EF 35. IS BEING SET. THEN SFLAG WILL EXIT')
C
! ! EX
CALL SETEF (35,IDSW)
! !EX
C The DSW value returned for SETEF is 2 if it was set
C and 0 if it was clear. A :I. is NOT returned for success
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GO TO lOOO
CALL EXIT
C ErroT' COdE'
WRITE (~j,,10:l.0)
lOOO
:l.OlO
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR SETTING EF 35. DSW ! !EX
:1." 14)
CALL EXIT
END
lO

Directives
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
'0)
A..

4
5

LEX24
/01/

Enable lower case

FILE LEX24.MAC

This pro~ram creates the Sroup slobal event flass,
clears event fla~ 65., does some work and periodicall~
cehcks event fIas65. When the flas is set it writes a
messaSe and exits.

7
8

9
10
11

Assemble and task-build instructions:

12
13

MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:WFLAG LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIB-;,EX
RARY,dev:(u~dJLEX24
;;EX
LINK/MAP WFLAG,LB:[l,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

14
15
16

17
Install and Run instructions:

1.8
19

20
21
::!::!
::!3
~~4

; --

25
26
27

Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will try to install both tasks under the same
name, TTnn.
.MCALL

EXITSS,WTSESC,CLEFSC,CRGFSC,
;

.MCALL

S~stem
ITIc~C T'OS

SUPf",lied maCT'O

TYPE

28
::.~ S'

:30
31
32

33
:~4

:35
36
37
~58

39
40
41

4')
4~5

44
45
46

47
48
4<7
50

trrAF~T :

RO used to identif~
;
the eT'ror
TYPE
<LEX24 IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS)
CRGFSC
Create Sroup slobal
€-~vent f I aSs
; Branch on directive ok
BCC
OK
If Sroup global event flags alread~ exist,
Just display messaSe and continue
CMP
SDSW,IIE.RSU
Check for efs alread~
in exi~5tence
ENE
ERR1
Branch on an~ other
;
di r errOT'
TYPE
<GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST)
TYPE
OK:
<CLEAR EF 65. WORK UNTIL IT IS SET)
Clear event flag 65.
Cl.EFSC 65.
BeS
ERR2
Branch on directive
Cl.R

erN))"'

AGAIN:
CLR
; Loop 2**16
LOOF':
INC
BNE

Clear counter
;;EX
tilTle~;, then check flas
;;EX
1~1.
Increment counter "EX
Not yet c~cled, 100p;;EX
LOOP
asain
;,EX
1~1

Directives
SOLUTION

51
52

TYPE
CLEF$C
Bes
eMP

~:;3

<COUNTER HAS CYCLED> ; Displa~ messa~e;;EX
65.
Use Clear to read fla~~;EX
ERR3
; Branch on dir error;;EX
$[lSW,tIS.SET
; IS.SET means flas was;;EX
;
set
;;EX
AGAIN
; No, loop aSain
;;EX
(EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. LEX24 WILL NOW EXIT>

~.)~5

56
57
58
~)9

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68

EI:;:R:3 :

BNE
TYPE
EXIT$S
INC

ERR2:

INC

ERR1:

INC

MOV
lOT
.EN[I

START

PR()G~~AM

1... EX24

:I.

RO = 3 if error on ;;EX
Clear Fla~ dir while
waiting
RO = 2 if error on
cleaT' 'laS di T'
RO = 1 if error on
create group flags dir
Place [lSW in Rl
Trap and dump re~isters

·ox
......

C
C FILE

~:)

f' This task creates the group global event flass, and
C then clears event fla~ 65. and does some work while

'1
.<..

I.>

:;
B
9

lO
1 :I.
1.2
1 ~5
:1.4

t ~~j
16

L.EX24+FTN

C waitins for

it to be set+ When the flas is set, it

C writes a messa~e and exits
C
C Install and run instructions:

e
e

C
C
C
C

Run LEX24, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will try to install both tasks under the same
name (TTnn)

Directives
SOLUTION

1.B
1.9

10
C

20
21
'")'")

..".L

:30

36
37
38
39

WI:::ITE (~j" 10)
FORMAT (' LEX24 IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS')
! !EX
CALL CRGF (~IDSW)
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 900
"JRITE C:::i,,20)
FORMAT (' CLEAR EF 6S. WORK U~TIL IT IS 8ET')
CALL CLREF (6S"IDSW)
IF (ID8W .LT. 0) GO TO 1.1.00
! !EX
CONTINUE
! !EX
WI::: I TE (!)" 28 )
! !EX
FORMAT (, COUNTER HAS CYCLED')
! !EX
CALL READEF (65"IDSW)
! !EX
IF (IDSW .Ll. 0) GO TO 1200
! !EX
IF (I DSW • NE. 2) GO TO 22
! ! EX
WR I TE (~5v :30 )
FORMAT (' EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. LEX24 WILL NOW EXIT')
CALL EXIT

C Error processins
C
C Check for code of -17" meaninS flass alread~ exist
900
IF (IDSW .NE. -17) GOTO 1000
C In that case~ Just disla~ a messaSe and continue.

WRITE (5,,910)
FORMAT (' GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST')
GOTO 15

4?
43
44

C Here for fatal errors"

4 ':·

......1

:1.000

:1.0:1.0

910

4l
4B

1:1.00
1:1.:1.0
:1.200
:1.:::.:::1.0
.::' c:-

,),.!

displa~

messaSe and exit

WRITE (5,,1.010) IDSW
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CREATING GROUP GLOBAL
1EF/S. DSW = ',IS)
Ci~LL EXIT
WRITE (5,,1110) IDSW
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 65.
1 flSW :::: /"I~7j)
Ct-lLL EXIT
WRITE (S,,:l.210) IDSW
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR READING EVENT FLAG
1. 6:~j. [tSW -:::: ' 1I I~:;)
! ! EX
CtiLI... EX I T
END

Directives
SOLUTION
5.

1
2
3
4

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

Enable lower case

FILE LEX25.MAC

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Modified to include a ReQuested Exit AST

;;EX

This proSram creates the ~rDUP ~10b31 event fla~s,
clears event flas 65. and waits for it to be set. When
the flas is set it writes a messaSe and exits.
Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:WFLAG LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
RARY,dev:[ufdJLEX25
;;EX
LINK/MAP WFL.AG,LB:[l,lJPROGSUBS/L.IBRARY

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
3()
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

WFLAG
lOll
LC

Install and Run instructions:

;

Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
will trw to install both tasks under the same

;.MCALL

START:

.MCALL
.MCALL

EXIT$S,WTSE$C,CLEF$C,CRGFSC; Swstem
macros
;
SREA$C,ASTX$S
System Macros
;;EX
TYPE
SUPplied macro

CLR

RO used to identify
the err'or
SREA$C REXAST
Set UP ReQuested Exit
AST
;;EX
BCS
ERRO
Branch on dir error
TYPE
<WFLAG IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS>
CRGF$C
Create Sroup ~lobal
event flags
BCe
OK
; Branch on directive ok
If Sroup ~lobal event flass alreadw exist,
Just displaw messaSe and continue
CMP
$DSW,tIE.RSU
Check for efs alreadw
in e~·dstenc.'e
BNE
ERR1
Branch on anw other
;
dir error
TYPE
<GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST>
OK:
TYPE
<CLEAR AND THEN WAIT FOR EF 65. TO BE SET)
.::·
CLEF$C 6 .J.
Clear event flas 65.
BCS
ERR2
Branch on directive
errOl'

Directives
SOLUTION
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

WTSE$C
BCS

Wait for event fla~ 65
to be set
ERR3
Branch on directive
error
(EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. WFLAG WILL NOW EXIT>
65.

TYPE
EXIT$S
; AST Service routine
;;EX
REXAST: TYPE
(WHY ME? NOT THIS TIME!!> ; Twpe messaSe
;;EX
ASTX$S
AST exit to return ;;EX
ERR3:
INC
RO
RO = 3 if error on
wait for dir
; RO = 2 if error on
RO
ERR2:
INC
clear' flag di r
RO = 1 if error on
RO
ERRl.:
INC
create group flags dir
$DSW,R1
Place DSW in R1, leave
ERRO:
MOV
RO=O for specif~ ;;EX
reGuested exit AST err
Trap and dump registers
lOT
START
.END

1
2
3

PROGRAM WFLAG
C
C FILE LEX25.FTN

4
5

C
C Modified to include a ReGuested Exit AST

59
60
61
62
6~3

64
6~5

66
67
68
69
70

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21
23

24
'")a::..:.. ..J

26
27
28
29
30

31
32

! !EX
C
C This task creates the group global event flags, and
C then clears event fla~ 65. and waits for it to be set.
C When the flag is set, it writes a messa~e and exits
C
C Install and run instructions:
C
r
Run WFLAG, then run SFLAG. At least one of the
C
tasks must be installed, or else the RUN command
C
will trw to install both tasks under the same
C
name (TTnn)
C
EXTERNAL REXAST
! !EX
! !EX
C Set UP Reauested Exit AST
CALL SREA (REXAST,IDSW)
! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 950
! !EX
WRITE (5,,10)
10
FORMAT (' WFLAG IS CREATING THE GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS')
CALL CRGF (,IDSW)
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 900
WRITE (5,20)
15
FORMAT (' CLEAR AND WAIT FOR EF 65. TO BE SET')
20
CALL CLREF (65,IDSW)
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1100
CALL WAITFR (65,IDSW)
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 1200
WRITE (5,30)

Directives
SOLUTION

33
34
35
36
37
38

39
40
41
42
43

44
45
46
47
48

49
50
51
52
53
54
55
~j6

57
58

59
6()

6:1.

62
63
64
65
66

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

77
78

79
80
81

82
83
84

FORMAT (' EF 65. HAS BEEN SET. FWAIT WILL NOW EXIT')
CALl. EXIT
C Error processing
C

C Check for code of -17, meaning flass alread~ exist
900
IF (IDSW .NE+ -17) GOTO 1000
C In that case, Just disla~ a message and continue.
WRITE (5,910)
910
FORMAT (' GROUP GLOBAL EVENT FLAGS ALREADY EXIST')
GOTO 15
C Here for fatal errors, display message and exit
950
WRITE (5,960) IDSW
! !EX
960
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR SETTING UP AST ROUTINE.
1 DSW = ',IS)
'!EX
CALL EXIT
! 'EX
1000
WRITE (5,1010) IDSW
1010
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CREATING GROUP GLOBAL
IEF"S. DSW == ',IS)
CALL EXIT
WRITE (5,1110) IDSW
1100
1110
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR CLEARING EVENT FLAG 65.
1 DSW == ',15)
CALl. EXIT
1200
WRITE (5,1210) IDSW
1210
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG
1 65. DSW = ',15)
CALL EXIT
END
, !EX
C
, 'EX
SUBROUTINE REXAST
C
'!EX
CAST service routine
, !EX
C
, 'EX
INTEGER PLIST(6),IOWVB
'!EX
REAL TEXT1(6),TEXT2(7)
'!EX
DATA IOWVB/-l10001
, !EX
DATA TEXTI I'TRYI','NG T','O AB',
'!EX
l' ORT ' , ' ME ',' EH'r ' I
! I EX
DATA TEXT2 I'WE W','ON"T',' LET',
EX
l' YOU',' THI','S TI','ME! ' I
EX
C Set UP for GIO directive
EX
CALl. GETADR(PLIST(I),TEXT1(1»
EX
PLIST(2) == 23
EX
PLIST(3) == -40
EX
C Use GIO directive to displa~ text
EX
CALL WTQIO(IOWVB,5,1",PLIST)
EX
C Set UP for 2nd line of text
EX
CALl. GETADR(PLIST(:I.),TEXT2(1»
EX
PLIST(2) = 27
.EX
C Use GIO directive to displa~ text
!EX
CALL WTGIO(IOWVB,5,1",PLIST)
!EX
RETURN
!EX
END
!EX

Directives
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
'")

.:..

4
5
6

SST
/01/
LC

Enable

lowe~

case

FILE LEX26.MAC

?
8

Modified to include an odd address trap

This task sets UP an SST vector table to handle SST's
for BPT~ IOT~ and odd address traps. It then executes
instructions to cause these traps to occur. In each
SST routinep a messa~e is displayed and then the task
continues. Finall~, a TRAP instruction is executed.
Since no user SST routine is specified for TRAP, the
Executive aborts the task.

:to
11
12

13
14
15

;;EX

:1.7

Assemble and task-build instructions:

:1.8
:1.9

MACRO/LIST LB!rl,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:rufdJLEX26
LINK/MAP LEX26~LB:[1,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

20
21

.MCALL
.MCALL

'")'")

.,"•• A~.

23
24
25
26
27

SVTKSC,EXITSS
TYPE

;
VTABLE: • WORD

ODDTRP~MPTVIO,BPT,IOT

STAF~T :

SVTKSC

VTABLE,4

BPT
TST

CLR

120000

28
2(,

; SST vector table
; ; EX
Have ENecutive set I.JP
SST table
BPT instruction
Test location 1 , ; ; EX
; ;EX
cal.JsinS:t an odd
; ; EX
addr trap
Clear location 120000,
causin~3 a memOT'W
protect vl.olaticm
lOT instruction
Exit
TRAP instruction

~5:t.

32
33
34
35
~56

37
38
39

External swstem macros
External supplied macro

NEW:

lOT
EXIT$S
TRAP

Directives
SOLUTION

4142
43
44
4~5

46
47
4B
49

; SST routines

DDDTRP: TYPE
RTI
MPTVlO: TYPE
CMP
TST

~)()

~51

52
53
54

BPT:
lOT:

RTI
TYPE
RTI
TYPE
MOV

~55

56
~57

RTI
.END

<ODD ADDRESS TRAP CAUGHT> ;

T~:lpe

;;EX

message ;;EX
Return from trap ; ;EX
<MEMORY PROTECT VIOLATION CAUGHT> ; T~pe
message
(SP)t,(SP)+
Clean off thT'ee
(SP)+
~)peei fie stack wOT'ds
for memor'~ protect SST
RetlJrn from trap
T~pe message
<BPT CAUGHT>
Return from traF'
T~pe message
<lOT CAUGHT>
:JI:NEW,(SP)
Chanse F'C on stack so
return froIT, trap
returns to NEW
Return from trap
START
;

Using the QIO Directive
TEST /EXERCISE .
1.

Modify SYNCHQ or ASYNCQ to write prompting text
SOME TEXT:
") before issuing the read.

In MACRO-II, modify NUMER, replacing the error handling code
with
code which writes out an error message plus the
appropriate status code.
Refer to SYNQER for
sample error
messages.

Modify NOECHO to use one QIO directive to both write theprompt and read the input.
Also, have the read timeout if no
key is struck for 20(10) seconds, in which case,
display a
timeout message and exit.

Write a task which prints a message on every terminal
in the
system.
The task should break through any pending I/O at the
as
a
terminal.
(No te :
This task must be task-built
the
privileged task,
qualifier
in
using
the /PRIVILEGED:0
task-build command;
/PR: 0 in MCR)

(e.g.,

"TYPE

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
1.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3
4
5
6
'7
8
9
10
11

12
13

18
19
2()

40
41
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49
50
Sl

Enable lower case

Modified to display promptins text

This task reads a line of text from the terminal,
converts all upper case characters to lower case, and
prints the converted messa~e back at the terminal. It
uses synchronous 010 directives.
.MCALL

QIOWtC,QIOWSS,EXITSS

Exter'nal

SystE~m

lTIi3C rO!5

:tOSB:
BUFF:
F'RMPT:
LPRMF'T

2
liD Status Block
.BLKW
.BLKB
80.
; Text buffer
.ASCII ITYPE SOME TEXT: I ; Prompt
=.-PRMPT
; Len~th of prompt
.EVEN

START:

CLR
CLR

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

FILE LEX31.MAC

:1.4

15
16
17

SYNCHO
lOll

; ; EX
; ; EX
;;EX

E r ro r COIJnt
Error indicator - 0
means directive error
(DSW in R3), ne~
means liD error
(liD status in R3)
OIOW$C IO.WVB,S,1"IOSB,,(PRMPT,LPRMPT,40>
Displaw prompt
;;EX
ERR3
Branch on dir error;;EX
BCS
IOSB
Check for liD error;;EX
TSTB
ERR3A
; Branch on liD error;;EX
BLT
OIOW$C IO.RVB,5,1"IOSB,,(BUFF,80.> ; Issue
read
ERR1
Branch on dir error
BCS
Check for liD error
TSTB
IOSB
Branch on liD error
BLT
ERR1A
IOSB+2,RO
Get count of characters
MOV
twped in
Rl
Offset into buffer to
CLR
character
BUFF(R1),t'A
Check for upper case
LOOP:
CMPB
ASCI I character'
Branch if below ran~e
BLT
NEXT
BUFF(Rl),t'Z
CMF'B
BGT
NEXT
Branch if above ran~e
Here if upper case, move to reSister R2 and convert
MOVB
BUFF(Rl),R2
Move to resister
ADD
t32.,R2
Convert to lower .case
MOVB
R2,BUFF(Rl)
Replace in messaSe

RS
R4

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
cr',)

.:.1,,"-

~j3

INC

54
55
56
57

SOB

58
59

BeS
TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S

60
61
62
63
')4
65

CHOW$S

;

Error code

ERR3A:

INC

ERR2A:
ERR1A:

INC
INC
MOVB

RI:.""J
R5
.IOSB"R3

[lEC

67
68
69

7()
"71
72
73
"74
75

Increment c)ffset. int.o
buffer to neNt. chcJr
RO,LOOP
Decrement count ()f
;
cha rcJcte 1'5 left tt') check
tIO.WVB,t5,tl"tIOSB,,<tBUFF,IOSB+2,t40>
Write te~·~t
ERR2
Br-anch 01"1 dj. T' e J' 1'0 T'
IOSB
Check for liD errOT'
ERR2A
Branch on liD eT'ror
E!·dt
R1

R5=3 means Prompt. cno
; ; EX
e rrOT'
Up err'OT' cOIJnt .- 2nd QIO
- 1f:;t CHO
liD error. 1/0 stat.us
to R3.
Negative val'Je in R4
",ean~;
lID errOT'
Trap cmd di~:;F·la~
registers
R5=3 means P rOITlF't, cno
; ; EX
err()T'
Up error count - 2nd CHO
- 1st CHO
Di rect,ivf~ erT'or. DSW
to R3, leave R4::::0.
TT'ar:' and disF'la~
resisters

lOT
ERR3:

INC

ERR2:
ERR1:

INC
INC
MOV

77
7B
79
80
81

F~~5

$DSW,R3

lOT

.END STAI:;:T

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
PROGRAM ASYNCQ

2
3

4,
5
6
7
8
9

10
11-

C FILE

LEX31.FTN

C Modified to

displa~

promptin~

text

! !EX

C This pro~ram reads a line of text from the terminal,
C converts an~ upper case characters to lower case and
C prints the converted messa~e back at the terminal~
C It uses as~nchronous QIOs and an event flas for
C s~nchronization.

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

! !EX
for aIO to issue prompt
CALL GETADR(IPAR(1),PRMPTC1»
! !EX
! ! EX
IPAR(2)=16
IPAR(3)=·40
! !EX
! !EX
C Issue as~nchronous write
! !EX
CALL QIO(IDWVB,IUNIT,5"IOSB,IPAR,InS)
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 780
! ! EX
CALL WAITFR(S,IDS)
! !EX
! !EX
IF (InS .LT. 0) GOTO 785
IF (IOSBC1) .LT. 0) GOTO 790
! !EX
! !EX
C Set UP for read
! !EX
IPAR(3)=O
IPAR(2):=80
C Get the address of the I/O buffer
CALL GETADR(IPAR(l),IBUF(l»
C Issue the QIO
CALL aIOCIORVB,IUNIT,5,¥IOSB,IPAR,IDS)
C Check the directive status
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 800
C Do some work while I/O operation is beins performed
no 50 1=1,10
K(I)=64*I
50
CONTINUE
C
Wait for 110 to complete
CALL WAITFR(S,IDS)
C
Check directive statu~
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 805
C Check the I/O status
IF (IOSB(1) .LT. 0) GO TO 810

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
:~1

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

BYTE IOSB(4),IBUF(80)
DIMENSION IPAR(6),K(10)
EQUIVALENCE (NUM,IOSBC3»
! !EX
REAL PRMPT(4)
DATA PRMPT /"TYPE"," SOM", "E TE", "XT: "/!! EX
DATA IOWVB/-11000/
DATA IORVB/·10400/
DATA IVFC/-40/
C Set UP values for the QIO
IUNIT::~5

C Set

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
52
53
54

55
56
!7j7

58
59
60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67

68
69
70

71
72
73
74
75
76

78
79
80
81
82
83
84

85
86

87
88

B9
90
91
92
93
94

C Convert to lowercase
DO 100 I::: 1 , NUM
IF (IBUF(I) .LT. 'A') GO TO 100
IF (IBUF(I) .GT. -132) GO TO 100
IBUF(I)=IBUF(I)t32
100
CONTINUE
C Set UP I/O Parameter List for write
IF'AR(2)=NUM
IF'AI~(3)::::IVFC

C Write the converted line to the terminal
CALL QIO(IOWVB,IUNIT,5"IOSB,IPAR,IDS)
C
Check di rectiv(~ status
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 820
C Wait for the I/O to complete
CALL WAITFR(5,IDS)
C Check directive status
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 825
C Check the I/O status
IF (IOSB(l) .LT. 0) GO TO 830
GO TO 850
W~~ITE (5,880) IDS
780
! !EX
GO TO 850
! !EX
WRITE(5,885)IDS
785
! !EX
GO TO 8~)0
! ! EX
WRITE(S,890)IOSB(1)
790
! !EX
GO TO 850
! ! EX
WRITE(5,900)IDS
800
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,905)IDS
805
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,910)IOSB(1)
810
GO TO 850
WRITE(5,920)IDS
820
GO TO 850
825
WRITE(5,925)IDS
GO TO 850
WRITE(S,930)IOSB(1)
830
850
CALL EXIT
880
FORMAT(' DIRECTIVE ERROR-ON WRITE OF PROMPT, ! !EX
1 CODE = ',14)
! !EX
885
FORMAT('DIRECTIVE ERROR ON WAIT FOR WRITE OF ! !EX
1F'ROMPT, CODE:::: ',14)
! !EX
890
FORMAT(' I/O ERROR ON WRITE OF PROMPT, CODE =! !EX

95
96

97
98
9('1

100
101
102

1 ',14)

900
905
910
920
925
930

FORMAT ( ,
FORMAT ( ,
FORMAT('
FORMAT( ,
FORMAT ( ,
FORMAT ( ,
END

! !EX

DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ, CODE = ',14)
DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 1ST WAIT, CODE:::: ',14)
I/O ERROR ON READ, CODE = ',14)
DIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE, CODE:::: ',14)
DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 2ND WAIT, CODE:::: ',14)
I/O ERROR ON WRITE, CODE:::: ',14)

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
2.

1
2
3
4

.TITLE
.InENT
.ENABL

NUMER
lOll
LC

FILE LEX32.MAC

6
7
8

Modified to include error

10
11

.MCALL
.MCALL
.NLIST

QIOWS,EXITSS,nIR$ ; S~:lS tem mac J'OS
; S~stem macros ;;EX
QIOW$S
Do not list binarw
BEX
e~·~tensions

; Data
.WORD

.WORn
.BLKW

OUT:

QIOW$

'")1::"
,;.,J

IOSB:

.BLKW

;

27
28

~50

; Set
;
BUF:
FMES:

31
32

; Set

33
34
:35

36
37
38

1st addend and start
of ar~ument block
2nd adderld
Location for sum

;

ARG:
FMT1D:
FMT1I:

START:

Set

output

messa~e

; 1/0 status block

for $EDMSG
.BLKB
.ASCIZ

~J9

40
41
42
43
44
,45
46
47
48
49

code

messa~e

,
This task does a simple addition and outputs the
results. It demonstrates the use of $EDMSG for
formattin~ messa.es with numeric data

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Enable lower case

80.

Output buffer

IXD. WAS ADnED TO %n., GIVING XD.I

FeH'mat st,'in~
for error messa~es usin~ $EDMSG
j;EX
.EVEN
;;EX
.BLKW
1
Argument block;;EX
.ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE, DSW = XDI ;;EX
.ASCIZ '1/0 ERROR ON WRITE, lID STATUS = XD';;EX
.EVEN
;;EX
.LIST
.EVEN
MOV

BEX

ADn

B,C

List binar~ e~·~tensions
Move to word boundar~
Move 1st addend to sl.Jrrl
word
Add 2nd addend to form
sum

A,C

for call to $EDMSG
tBUF,RO
MOV
tFMES,Rl
MOV
tA,R2
MOV
$EDMSG
CALL

Addr of output buffer
Addr of format string
Addr of ar~ument block
Make call, chcJracter
count returned in Rl

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION

~51
5~!

MOV

Rl,OUT+a.IOPL+2

[lIR$

tOUT
ERR1D
IOSB
ERR1I

Bes

5~5

TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S

56
57
58

Place :I: of characters
to write into IOPL
in aID [lPB
Write output messaSe
Branch on dir error
Check for I/O error
BTanch on I/O error

~i9

ErT'c)r code

60
61

;

ERR1I:

6:~

65
66
67
68

69
70

71
7")

74
75
76

77
78
79

Format strin~ for ;;EX
1st I/O error messaSe
IOSB,RO
Extend si~n on I/O ;;EX
MOVB
RO,ARG
status b~te b~ movinS;PEX
MOV
it throu~h RO to the P;EX
ar~ument block
;~EX
E[lAWT
Branch to common edit;;EX
BR
and write code
;;EX
ERR1[1: MOV
Format strinS for lst;;EX
directive error
;;EX
t$[lSW,ARG
Move [lSW to arS block;;EX
MOV
; Finish settin_ UP for $E[lMSG
;;EX
EDAWT: MOV
tBUF,RO
Output buffer address;;EX
MOV
tARG,R2
Arsument block address;;EX
CALL
$E[lMSG
Edit output strinS ;;EX
aIOW$S tIO.WVB,t5,.1",,(tBUF,Rl,t40)
Write;;EX
out messaSe
;;EX
EXIT$S
; Exit
;;EX
.EN[I START
MOV

tFMT1I,Rl

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
3.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

1
2

3
~

NOECHO
/01/
LC

Enable lower case

FILE L.EX33.MAC

Modified to combine aIOs and include timeout

;;EX

This task writes a prompt and then issues a aIO to read
from the terminal without echo.
It then displa~s the
word which was entered.

1,0
1,1
1.2

Assemble and task-build instructions:

13
14

MACRO/LIST LB:C1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CuicJLEX33
LINK/MAP LEX33,PROGSUBS/LIBRARY

15
16
17

.MCALL
.MCALL

18
19
20
21

EXIT$S,aIOW$C,aIOWSS; S~stem macros
DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros

Data

~~::~

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
:32
33
:'54
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
41:.-..J
46
47
48
49
50

Don't list of binary
eHtens i or.s
Prompt messeSe
MES:
.ASCII /SECRET WORD: /
:::
Lensth of prompt
LEN
.-MES
BUFF:
.ASCII <15>/NO LONGER A SECRET WORD: /
; Precedins remark
..-BUFF
; L.ensth of Remark
BLEN
; Input buffer
BUF:
.BLKB
80.
.ASCII /READ TIMED OUT/ ; Timeout messaSe ;;EX
TMOMS:
; ;EX
LTMOMS :::. --TMOMS
Word align for IOSB
.EVEN
IOSB is broken into
IOSB:
.WORD
0
two parts for
LENT:
.WORD
0
; convenience.
; Define functions locall~ to allow us of an assignment
; statement to shorten directive st~tement
IO.RPR =004400
Define functions
TF.RNE =20
;
TF • TMO ==200
IO.FNC =(IO.RPR!TF.RNE!TF.TMO>
aIO function code
.LIST BEX
List binarw extensions
;

.NLIST

BEX

aIOW$C

IO.FNC,5,1"IOSB,,(BUF,80.,2,MES,LEN,44>
Issue read after ;;EX
prompt
;;EX
DERRl
Branch on dir error

Code

START:

BCS

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
TSTB
BL..T
CMF'B
BNE

~) :L
52

53
54
55

l~IOW$C

BCC

56
57
58
59

60
61

62
63
64

65
66

"JMF'
DIR40K: TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S
NOTIMO: MOV
ADD
CHOW$S
BeS
TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S

68
69
70
71
72
7:3

Errors come here
JERRI:

IOERR

IERR3:
IERR4:
DERR1:

IOERR
IOERR
DIRERR

DERR3:
DERR4:

DIRERR
DIRERR
.END

7~5

76
77

78
79

80
81
82

Check. for I/O error
IOSB
Branch on I/O eJ'ror
IERRi
;; EX
IOSB,tIS.TMO
Check. fOJ' timeout
; Branch if no tilTleout;;EX
NOTIMO
;; EX
IO.WVB,5,1"IOSB,,<TMOMS,LTMOMS,40>
DIR40K
Branch on dir ok. - ;; EX
need this, too far ; ;EX
for branch
JUITI? on dir erJ'OJ' ;;EX
DERR4
IOSB
Check. for I/O error ;; EX
IERR4
Branch on I/O error ;; EX
; ; EX
E~·dt
LENT,RO
Get lerl9th of in?ut ;; EX
tBLEN,RO
Add length of J'elTlB J'k.
tIO.WVB,t5,tl"tIOSB,,<tBUFF,RO,t40>
Write OI.Jt teNt
Branch on dir error
DERR3
IOSB
Check. for I/O error
IERR:3
Branch on I/O error
EHit

tIOSB,<Error on READ AFTER PROMPT} ;;EX
Displa~ messaSe and
tl0SB,<Error on 2nd WRITE>; exit
tIOSB,<Error writing timeout messi3ge};;EX
<Error in aID on READ AFTER PROMPT> ;9EX
; Dis?la~ dir message and
<Error in GIO on 2nd WRITE>; eNit
<Error writing timeout messase>
;;EX
START

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION

PROGRAM NOECHO

C F i l<~\ L.EX33. FTN

....

C Modified to use read after prompt and to timeout ! !EX

6
7
8

10
11
12

13
14
15

16
17

18
19

20
21

22
23
24
25
26
27

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

C This task prompts for input, reads it without echo and
C then skips to the next line and displa~s the input
C text and exits.
C

BYTE
BUFF(80),IOSB(4),CR(1)
I NTEGER PAf~M ( 6 )
REAL.
PROMPT(4)

! !EX

C
/-4620/

QIO
!!EX
function! ! EX
code
! ! EX
ISTMO /2/
Timeout
! !EX
DATA
status
!! EX
C
CR 1-15/
Carria~e return character
DATA
PROMPT / . . SECR' , 'ET W',' ORD: ' , ,
,/
DATA
! Text
! ! EX
C
C Set UP the I/O parameter list
~ blJffer address
CALL GETADR (PARM(l),BUFF(l»
Buffer length
PARM(2) = 80
PARM(3) = 2
Timeout = 2 ! !EX
C
10 sec
! !EX
CALL GETADR (PARM(4),PROMPT(1»
Prompt addr ! !EX
PARM(S) = 13
Prompt length! !EX
PARM(6) =:: -44
VeT'tj.cal
! !EX
C
! format contr! !EX
C Issue read no echo, read after prompt, with timeout ! !EX
CALL WTQIO (IOFNC,S,l"IOSB,PARM,IDS)
IF (IDS .L.T. 0) GO TO 100
Dir error?
IF (IOSB(l) +LT. 0) GO TO 110
1/0 error?
C Check for timeout
IF (IOSB(l) .NE. ISTMO) GO TO 1
Branch if no!! EX
C
timeolJt
! ! EX
TYPE *,'READ TIMED OUT'
Displ.a~l! !EX
C
messaSe
! !EX
CALL EXIT
and exit
! !EX
1
WRITE (5,2) CR,(BUFF(I),I=1,IOSB(3»
! Echo input
2
FORMAT (' "',Al,'NO LONGER A SECRET WORD: ',80Al)
CALL EXIT.
DATA

IOFNC

C
C

C Error conditions
C

100
11,0

TYPE *, 'DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ. STATUS = ',IDS
CALL EXIT
TYPE *, "1/0 ERROR ON READ. CODE = ',IOSB(l)
CALL EXIT
END

Using the 010 Directive
SOLUTION
4.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL..

1")
~

4
5
6
7
8

Enable lower case

FILE LEX34.MAC
Solution to Module 3, Lab Exercise 4

9
10
11
12
13
:1.4
15

LEX34
lOll

Task does a write breakthrou~h to all terminals.
Assemble and task-build insructions:
.

;

)MACRO/LIST LB:C1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:Cufd]"")LEX34
)LINK/MAP/PRIVILEGED:O LEX34,lB:Cl,lJPROGSUBS/->LIBRARY

16
17

18
1'.>
20
21
22
23

24
25
26
27

BUFF:

losn:
ALUN:
aIO:

START:

3()

BRO:

:~2

:~3

34
3~5

:1. $:

~57

:38
39

4()
4,
4:~

.MCALL AL..UN$,aIOWS,DIRS,EXITSS
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
.ASCII IHELLO THEREI
LEN :~ • -·BUFF
.EVEN
.BLKW
2
110 status block for aID
ALUN$
DPB to assi~n to TTO:,
will modif~ for others
aIOWS
IO.WLB1TF.WBT1TF.RCU,4,1"IOSB,,(BUFF,lEN,40)
.ENABLE LSB
tAlUN,RO
MOV
RO => DF'B for ALUNS
tQIO,Rl
Rl =) DPB for QIOWS
MOV
Assign LUN
DIRS
RO
BCS
If ALUN$ failed
ALFAIL
DIRS
Twpe messa~e at TTn:
Rl
BCC
lS
If 1/0 was ~ueued OK
DIRERI:;: <ERROR ON CHOWS)
eMF'B
IIS.SUC,IOSB
Did 110 succeed?
BEa
2$
Yes
IOERR
tIOSB,<ERROR ON aIOWS)
A.L..UNU(RO)
INC
; NeNt termj.nal
BR
BRO

;

; Error from ALUN
AL..FAIl: CMP
tIE.IDU,SDSW

44
BNE
EXIT$S

4~5

46
47
48
49

3S:

DIRERR
.END

Did it fail because of
i I legal IJrli t I?
3S
No, some other error
Yes. Must have passed
the last terminal
<ERROR ON ALUNS); Other error
START

Using the QIO Directive
SOLUTION
1

PROGRAM LEX34

C+

3
4
5
6

C FILE LEX34.FTN
C
C Solution to Module 3, Lab Exercise 4
C
C Task does a write breakthrou~h to all terminals.
C
C Task-build with IPRIVILEGED:O Qualifier
CINTEGER TTUNIT,DSW
DATA TTUNIT/OI
First output to TTO:
INTEGER PARAM(6),IOSB(2)
BYTE SUCCO[t(2)
lID success codes
EQUIVALENCE (SUCCOD,IOSB) ! Fi~st bytes of IOSB
INTEGER IEIDU
! Mnemonic for ·Ille~al
Device or Unite [tSW code
DATA IEIDU/-991
1/0 function code
INTEGER IOFCOD
mnemonic
C
[tATA IOFCOD/ 5011
Write lo~ical block,
write breakthrouSh,
C
and restore cursor
C

8
9

10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21
'")'")
.a_
A....

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
:~3
~J4
3~i

36
:37
38

39
40
41
4')

43
44
45
4b
47
48

49
50
51

c
C Load parameter list
CALL GETADR(PARAM(l),'HELLO THERE')
PARAM(2) :: 11
! Lensth of strin~
PARAM(3) = -40
! Blank for carr. ctrl.
CALL ASNLUN(4,'TT',TTUNIT,DSW)
Assi~n LUN 4 to
10
c
TTn:
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 900
CALL WTQIO(IOFCOD,4~1,~IOSB,PARAM,DSW)
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 910
! Directive error
IF (SUCCOD(1).NE.1) GOTO 920
! 1/0 error
TTUNIT = TTUNIT+l
GOTO to
C

C Error from ASNLUN.
If ASNLUN failed because of ille~al
C unit number, must have passed the last terminal. Exit.
900
IF (DSW.EQ.IEIDU) CALL EXIT
TYPE 905~DSW
! Other error
905
FORMAT (' ERROR ON ASNLUN. [tSW:: ',16)
CALL EXIT
910
TYPE 915~TTUNIT,DSW
9t5
FORMAT (' DIRECTIVE ERROR ON aio TO TT'~02,':'1
1 ' DSW :: " 16)
CALI... EXIT
TYPE 925,TTUNIT,SUCCOD(2),SUCCOD(1),IOSB(2)
920
FORMAT (' 1/0 ERROR ON QIO TO TT',02,':'1
925
1 ' 1/0 STATUS BLOCK:: ',14,' ,',14,' 1',16)
CALL EXIT
END

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Modify RECVl and SENDI to synchronize using Suspend and Resume
directives instead of event flags.

Modify RECV2 so that the display includes
sending task in addition to the data.

Write another sender task to send data to RECV2.
Modify the
receiver so that it receives data from your task only, not
from SEND2.

Modify SPAWN so that
it spawns CLI ••• ,
MCR ••• ,
or
••• DCL
several different times and sends a different MCR or DCL
command line each time.
Display the exit status after each
command executes.

Write a parent task and an offspring task.
Have the parent
spawn the offspring.
Have the offspring emit status to the
Have
parent every five seconds for 30 seconds and then exit.
the parent display each status value.
Optional:
Use an AST
routine in the parent for synchronization.

the

name

the

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1.

2
3

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

SEND1
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

5
6

FILE LEX41A.MAC

7
8

Modified to use Suspend and Resume directives for;;EX
swnchronization
;;EX

This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
the data to RECV1 for processin~.
S~nchronization is
handled throu~h a common event fla~.

10
11
12
13

Assemble and task-build instructions!

:1.4

15
16
17
18

>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:SEND1 LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LI-;;EX
->BRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX41A
>LINK/MAP SEND1,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

1 (~

20
21
2~:!

23
24
25

; _..

Install and run instructions: RECV1 must be installed
and run prior to runnin~ SEND1. RECV1 continues to run
until it receives 3 data packets.
.MCALL
.MCALL

SDATSC,EXITSS,RSUMSC; Swstem macros;;EX
TYPE,INPUT,DIRERR; SUPplied macros

;

BUFFER: .BLKB

26.

Data buffer to be sent

.ENABL

LSB

Enable local
blocks

30
31
32

:-S3
34
35
~56

37
38
39
40
41
42

43
44

;
START:: TYPE

INPUT
SDATSC
BCC
DIRERR
RSUMSC
BCC
DIRERR
EXITSS
.END

s~mbol

<TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS>
Twpe prompt,
tBUFFER,t26.
; Get text to send
; Send data to RECV1 ;;EX
RECV1"BUFFER
1$
; Branch on directvie ok
<UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO RECV1> ; Displaw
error messa~e and exit
RECV1
Resume RECV1
;;EX
5S
Branch on directive ok;;EX
<UNABLE TO RESUME RECV1>
;;EX
Exit
;;EX
START

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1

'PROGRAM SEND1

C FILE LEX41A.FTN

5
6

C Modified to use Suspend and Receive directives for
C synchronization

8
9

C This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
C the data to RECU1 for processin~.
Synchronization is
C handled throuSh a common event flas.
C
C Install and run instructions: LEX41B must be
! !EX
C installed under the name RECU1 and run prior to
! !EX
C runninS LEX41A. RECUI continues to run until it
! !EX
C receives 3 data packets.
C
BYTE BUFFER(26)
DATA RTASK/6RRECU1 /
! Receiver task
C Prompt for input
TYPE *,'TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS'
READ (5,10) BUFFER
! Read text
10
FORMAT (26A1)
CALL SEND (RTASK,BUFFER"IDSW) , Send data' 'EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 900 ! Branch on dir error
CALL RESUME (RTASK,IDSW)
! Resume RECUI
! !EX
IF (IDSW .LT. 0) GOTO 950 ! Branch on dir err! !EX
CALL EXIT
! Exit
C Error code
900
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO RECU1. DSW = ',IDSW
CALL EXIT
950
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO RESUME RECU1. DSW = ',IDSW
! !EX
CALL EXIT
! !EX
END

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

! !EX
! !EX

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION'
.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

RECV1
101./

Enable lower case

L.C

5
6

FIl.E L.EX41B.MAC

Modified to use Suspend and Resume for

s~nchronization;;EX

This task and receives data from an~ sender task
(e.~., SEND1).It prints the data on TI:.
Then it
waits for another data packet. It does this until it
has received 3 messaSes and then exits.

12
13
14
15
16
17

This task synchronizes with its sender throush an
event flaS.
Assemble and task-build instructions:

19
20
21
22
23
24
25

>MACRO/l.IST/OBJECT:RECV1 LB:[l,lJPROGMACS/L.IB-;;EX
->RARY,dev:[ufdJRECV1.
;;EX
L.INK/MAP RECV1,l.B:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

; .-

Install and run instructions: RECV1 must be installed
and run before runnin~ SEND1.

27
28
29
30
31
32
33

;
RBUFF:

~54

;

START:

:36
37
38

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

47
48
49
50

• MCAL.L
.MCALL

RCVDSC,EXITSS,SPND$S; System macros ;;EX
TYPE,DIRERR
; SUPplied macros

.BLKW

15.

Rece i ve

.ENABL

LSB

Enable local
blocks

MOV

t3,R5

buff~\ T'

s~mbol

Initialize messaSe
cOlJnter
Suspend self until;;EX
AGAIN: SPND$S
message arrives
3$
; Branch on directive ok
BCC
DIRERR <SUSPEND DIRECTIVE FAILED> ; Display ;;EX
; error message and exit
; We set here when resumed by SEND1
;;EX
3$:
RCVDSC
,RBUFF
; Receive from anwone
BCC
5$
; Branch on directive ok
DIRERR <RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN "RECV1·>
Display error message
and e~·d t
; Successful receipt
Display
5S:
TYPE
<DATA RECEIVED BY "RECV1":>
data

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

TYPE

51
1::"'.)

..},:..

DEC

5:3
54

BNE

5~5
~56

TYPE
EXIT$S
.END

58
~j9

tRBUFF+4,t26.

data sent b~
sender'
R5
Decrement message
COIJ"r·,te r
AGAIN
If not ~Iet 0, get
ar-lotheT' ITlessage
<'RECV1' HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL NOW EXIT>
; E~·dt after 3 messages
START
Displa~

PROGRAM RECVl

C FILE LEX41B.FTN

5
6
7
8

C Modified to use Suspend and Receive directives for! !EX
C swnchronization
! !EX
C
C This task receives data from LEX41A. It prints
C the data on TI:.
Then it waits for another data
C packet. It does this until it has received 3 messages
C and then exits.
C
C This task swnchronizes with its sender through an
C event flag.
C
C Install and run instructions: LEX41B must be
! !EX
C installed under the name RECV1 and run before running! !EX
C LEX41A.
! !EX
C
INTEGER RBUFF(15)
Receive buffer

9
10

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25

10
C

26
27

28
29

30
~51

32
33

~54

35
36
37

35
100

39
40

! !EX

1000

DO 100 I~:: 1 , ~5
CALL SUSPND (IDSW)

Suspend until SEND1 ! !EX
sends data and resumes
IF (IDSW .Ea. 2) GOTO 20
! !EX
TYPE *,'SUSPEND DIRECTIVE FAILED. DSW = ',IDSW! !EX
GOTO 1000
CALL RECEIV (,RBUFF"IDSW) ! Receive from an wane
IF (IDSW .Ea. 1) GOTO 30
TYPE *~'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN 'RECV1-.
1 IISW = ',IDSW
GOTO 1.000
TYPE *,'DATA RECEIVED BY "RECV1-:'
WRITE (5,35) (RBUFF(K),K=3~15)
FORMAT (' , ,,13A2)
CONTINUE
TYPE *,,"RECV1' HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
CALL EXIT
ENII
!

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
2.

1
2

3
4
5

.TITlE
.IIIENT
.ENABL

RECV2
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX42.MAC

7
8
9
10
11
1 ':)

13
14
15
16
17

18
19
20
21
'1")
....
.:..

23
24
2~i

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Modified to displaw the sender task name in addition ;;EX
to the data
;;EX
This task receives data from another task. It prints
the data, alon~ with a header~ on TI:. Then it waits
for another data packet, continuin~ this until it has
received 3 messa~es.
This task swnchronizes with its sender usinS RCSTS.
Because of this swnchronization, the tasks can be run
in an~ order, with Bnw relative priorities.
Assemble and task build instructions:
>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:RECV2 lB:[l,lJPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
-)RARY,dev:[ufdJLEX42A
;;EX
>lINK/MAP RECV2,lB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
Install and run instructions: RECV2 must be installed.
.MCALL
.MCALL
RBUFF:
.BlKW
TASKNM: .BLKW
.ENABl

RCST$C,RCVDSC,EXITSS; Swstem macros
TYPE,DIRERR
SUPplied macros
15.

buffer
Buffer for ta~:;k name;;[X

Rec€~ive

lSB

Enable local sWlTlbol
blocks

34
:-J5
36
37
38

39
40
41
42
43
44
4 ...I!:'1
46
47
48
49
50

;
START: MOV
RECEIV: RCST5C
BCC
DIRERR

t3,R5
Set UP ITleS~;age C()UnteT'
,RBUFF
Receive from anwone
; Branch on di T'ectiv€~ ok
5S
<RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN F~ECV2. >
IIispla~ error messa~e
;
and e~,d t,
Successful receipt or unstopped b~ another task. First
check for unstopped after beinS stopped, in which case
we have to receive the data
Were we stopped due to
55:
CMP
SDSW,tIS.SET
no data
If not, we have a data
BNE
65
packet
Now ~et the packet
RCVIISC ,RBUFF
BCC
6$
Branch on directive ok
D

USing Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

52
53

54
55

56
57
58
59
60
61

62
63

64
65
66
67

68
69
70
'71

7"
7~5

1
2
3
4
1::'

...J

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19

DIRERR

<RECEIVE DIR FAILED AFTER -RECV2- UNSTOPPED>
Displa~ error message
; and eHit
; Convert task name from RadiH-SO to ASCII
6$:
MOV
tTASKNM~RO
Address for converted~;EX
name
;;EX
Word to be converted;;EX
RBUFF,Rl
MOV
$C5TA
Convert it
;;EX
CALL
NeHt word to be
;;EX
MOV
RBUFF+2,Rl
converted
;;EX
Convert it
;;EX
$.C5TA
CALL
TYPE
<DATA RECEIVED BY -RECV2-:> ; Displaw teHt
Displaw task name
;;EX
tTASKNM,t6
TYPE
;
tRBLJFF+4,t26.
and data sent
TYPE
;;EX
too far for branch!
Had to charl~e SOB
RC",.J
Decrement messa~e
;;EX
DEC
counter
;;EX
SEQ
Branch if done
;;EX
DONE
Receive asain if not;;EX
JMP
RECEIV
; ~et 3 messa~es
;;EX
<-RECV2- HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES>
DONE:
TYPE
TYPE
<AND WILL NOW EXIT> ; Twpe exit messa~e
; E}·d t
EXIT$S
START
.END
MM

PROG~~AM

RECV2

C
! !EX
C FIL.E LEX42.FTN
C
C Modified to displaw the sender task name in addition ! !EX
C to the data
! !EX
C
C This task receives data from another task (e.~. SEN(2).
Then
C It prints the data, along with a header, on TI:.
C it waits for another data packet, continuins this

r., until it has received 3 messages.
C
C This task s~nchronizes with its sender usinS RCST.
C Because of this s~nchronization, the tasks can be run
C in an~ order~ with an~ relative priorities.
C

C Install and run instructions: LEX42 must be installed! !EX
C

under the name

! !EX

RECV2~

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

20
21
23
24
25
26
27

C
Receive buffer

INTEGER RBUFF(15)
INTEGER DSW,ISSET
INTEGER TASKNM(3)

Buffer for ASCII form! !EX
of task name
! !EX
DSW code mnemonic

DATA ISSET/2/
C
C

DO lOO, 1=1,3
CALL RCST(,RBUFF,DSW)
Receive from anwone
IF (DSW.GE.O) GOTD 50
Twpe *,'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN ·RECV2·.
1 DSW ::: ',DSW
Displaw error messa~e
GOTO
1000
and exit

28
29

30
31
32
3:3

:~5

C Successful receipt or unstopped b~ another task. First
C check for unstopped after bein~ stopped, in which case
C we have to receive the data
.Were we stopped due
50
IF (DSW.NE.ISSET) GOTO 60
to no data? If not
C
(NE), we hav€~ a
C
data packet
C
C Stopped due to no data:
Now ~et the packet
CALL RECEIVC,RBUFF"DSW)
IF (DSW.EQ.l) GOTD 60
TYPE *,'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED AFTER DRECV2·
lUNSTOPPED. DSW ::: ',DSW
lJJessa~e and e~d. t
GOTO 1000
C [tispla~ data
60
CALL R50ASC (6,RBUFF,TASKNM)
! !EX
TYPE 75,TASKNM,(RBUFF(J),J=3,15)
! !EX
FORMAT (' DATA RECEIVED BY ·RECV2·:'/lX,3 ! !EX
75
lA2,IX,13A2)
! !EX
100
CONTINUE
C Have received 3 messa~es
TYPE *,'·RECV2· HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
1000
CALL EXIT
, ENit
END

36
37
~58

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

54
55
56
57
58

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
3.

2
3
4

.TITLE LEX43A
.IDENT lOll
.ENABl. LC

FILE LEX43A.MAC

6
7

A second sender to RECV2

Enable lower case

9
10
11
1,2
13
1.4
15
16
17
1f3
19
20
21
22
2:3
24

This task prompts at Tl: a line of text and sends the
data to task RECV2 for processin~. Swnchronization is
handled throu~h RECV2's stop bit. RECV2 will continue
to run until it receives 3 messages. RECV2 and LEX43A
maw be run in anw order.
Assemble and task build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX43A
LINK/MAP LEX43A,LB:[1~l]PROGSUBS/LIBRARY
Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be installed
under the name RECV2
.MCALL
.MCALL

SDAT$C,USTP$C,EXIT$S; Swstem macros
TYPE,INPUT,DIRERR; SUPplied macros

':)1::'

.'. \J

26
27
28
2(1
30
31
32
33
:34

35
36
37

BUFFER: • BLKB

26.

Send buffe T'

.ENABL

LSB

Enable local
blocks

;
START:: TYPE

INPUT
SDAT$C

BeC
DIRERR

:38

39
40
41
42

USTP$C
BCC
CMP
BEQ

4:~

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

CMP
BEQ
DIRERR
EXIT$S
.END

s~mbol

<TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS>
; Displaw prompt
tBUFFER,t26.
; Issue read
RECV2,BUFFER
; Queue data to RECV2
1$
; Branch on directive ok
<UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO ·RECV2·>
Displaw error message
and exit
Unstop RECV2
RECV2
2$
Branch on directive ok
Isn't he stopped?
$DSW,tIE.ITS
2$
That's ok, he'll pick
IJP data when he
execlJtes RCDS$
$DSW,tIE.ACT
Is he not active?
2$
If not, he'll pick UP
data when activated
<UNABLE TO UNSTOP ·RECV2·> ; Anw other
error is bad
E}dt

START

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEX43A

2
3

C A second sender task to send data to RECV2

6
7
8
9

10
11
12

13
14
15
16

C FILE LEX43A.FTN

C Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be
C installed under the name RECV2.

23
24
25
2(1

27
28

29
30

:35
:36

37
38
39
40
41
42

BYTE BUFFER(26)
INTEGER nsw
REAL RECV2
nATA RECV2J5RRECV21
INTEGER IEITS,IEACT
nATA IEITS,IEACT/-8,-71

Sf.md buffe r
Rec.ivin~ task name
E r r'o r mnemon i cs

TYPE *,'TYPE A LINE OF TEXT, 26 CHARACTERS OR LESS'
REAn (5,5) BUFFER
FORMAT (26Al)
CALL SENn(RECV2,BUFFER"nSW) ! Send data to RECV2
IF (nSW.EQ.l) GOTO 10
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO QUEUE DATA TO BRECV2
DSW = '
1,nSW
CALL USTP(RECV2,nSW)
Unstop RECV2
IF (nSW.EQ.l) GOTO 20
Branch on directive ok
IF (nSW.EQ.IEITS) GOTO 20 ! Isn't he stopped?
That's ok, he'll pick
UP' data when he
e:·{ecutes I~CDS$
IF (DSW.EQ.IEACT) GOTO 20 ! Is he not active? If
! not, he'll pick UP
data when activated
TYPE *,'UNABLE TO UNSTOP ·RECV2 a • DSW = ',DSW
Any other error is bad
CALL EXIT
! Exit
END
U

•

:3:L
:32

33
34

! !EX
! !EX

! !EX

C This task prompts at TI: for a line of text and sends
C the data to RECV2 for processin~. The receiver will
C continue to run until it receives 3 messaSes.
C S~nchronization is handled throush RECV2's stop bit.
C RECV2 and LEX43A ma~ be run in an~ order.

20
21

! !EX

C
C
C

c
20

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1

.TITLE
.IIIENT
.ENABL

2
3
4

RECV2
lOll

; Enable lower case

FILE l.EX43B.MAC
6

7
8
9
10

11
12
1:3

Modified to recieve onlw from LEX43A ;;EX
NOTE: THE TASK WILL EXIT WITH A NO DATA QUEUED ERROR;;EX
IF SEND2 SENDS DATA AND UNSTOPS THE TASK. MORE
;;EX
COMPLICATED CODING IS NEEDED TO HAVE THIS TASK
;;tx
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TASKS WHICH SEND DATA AND UNSTOP;;EX
IT
;;EX

14
15
16

17
18
19

20
21
22

This task receives data from another task. It prints
the data, alon~ with a header, on TI:. Then it waits
for another data packet, continuin~ this until it has
received 3 messages.
This task swnchronizes with its sender usin~ RCST$.
Because of this swnchronization, the tasks can be run
in any order, with any relative priorities.

2~5

24
25

Assemble and task-build instructions:
>MACRO/LIST/OBJECT:RECV2 LB:(l,lJPROGMACS/LIB-;;EX
-)RARY,dev:(ufdJLEX43B
;;EX
)LINK/MAP RECV2,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

26
:~7

28
29
30
31
32

Install and run instructions: RECV2 (LEX43B) must be;;EX
installed under the name RECV2.
;;EX

3:3

34
:~5
~~b

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

;
RBUFF:

.MCALL
.MCALL

RCST$C,RCVD$C,EXIT$S; System macros
TYPE,DIRERR
SUPplied macros

• BLKW

15.

Receive buffer

.ENABL

LSB

Enable local symbol blocks

START: MOV
RECEIV: RCST$C
BCC
DIRERR

t3,R5
LEX43A,RBUFF

Set UP me5sa~e counter
Receive from Just ;;EX
LEX43A
;;EX
5$
Branch on directive ok
<RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN ·RECV2·)
Display error messa~e
and e~·~i t

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
47
48
49
50
51

52
53
54
55

56
57
58

59
60
61

62
63
64
65
66

Successful receipt or unstopped b~ another task. First
check for unstopped after bein~ stopped, in which case
we have to receive the data
5$:
CMP
$DSW,tIS.SET
Were we stopped due to
no data
6$
BNE
If not, we have a data
packet
RCVD$C LEX43A,RBUFF
Now set the packet
6$
; Branch on directive ok
BCC
DIRERR <RECEIVE DIR FAILED AFTER ·RECV2· UNSTOPPED>
Displa~ error messa~e
; and eHit
Displa~
(DATA RECEIVED BY ·RECV2·:>
TYPE
;
te~·tt and
; data sent
TYPE
:t:RBUFF+4,t26.
R5,RECEIV
Decrement message
SOB
counter. Receive a~ain
if haven't received 3
~et

DEC

BE(~

68
69
70

JMP
TYPE

DONE:

R5
;;EX
DONE
;;EX
RECEIV
;;EX
<-RECV2 M HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL NOW EXIT>
T~F'e

EXIT$S
.END

72
7~5

E}·dt

START

PROGRAM RECV2

1
2

3
4

C FILE LEX43B.FTN

! !EX

5
6
7
8
9

! !EX
C Modified to receive onlw from LEX43A
C NOTE: TASK WILL EXIT WITH A NO DATA QUEUED ERROR IF! !EX
! !EX
C SEND2 SENDS DATA. MORE COMPLICATED CODE IS NEEDED
C TO CHECK FOR SEND2 SENDING DATA AND UNSTOPPING RECV2! !EX

C This task receives data from another task (e.g. SEND2).
C It prints the data, alon~ with a header, on Tl:. Then
C it waits for another data packet, continuin~ this
C until it ha~ received 3 messages.

11
\

e}·dt

messase

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

20
2l.

C This task s~nchronizes with its sender using RCST.
C Because of this swnchronization, the tasks can be run
C in anw order, with anw relative priorities.
C
! !EX
C Install and run instructions: LEX43B must be
! !EX
C installed under the name RECV2.
C

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
2~.~

INTEGER RBUFF(15)
INTEGER DSW,I8SET
REAL TA8KNM
DATA TASKNM /6RLEX43A/
DATA I88ET/2/

23
24
2~j

26
27
2B
29

Task name array
! !EX
Task name in Radix-50! !EX
DSW code mnemonic

C
C

DO 100, 1=1,3
CALL RCS~(TA8KNM,RBUFF,D8W) ! Receive from LEX43A
IF (DSW.GE.O) GOTO 50
T~pe *,'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED IN ·RECV2·.
1 DSW = ',D8W
Displa~ error message
GOTO
1000
and exit

30
3:L

32
~53

:~4
:~5
~56

Receive tU.Jffer

C Successful receipt or unstopped bw another task. First

C check for unstopped after being stopped, in which case

39
40
41
42
43

C we have to receive the data
50
IF (DSW.NE.ISSET) GOTO 60

C Stopped due to no data:
CALL RECEIV(TASKNM,RBUFF"DSW)
! Now ~et the! !EX
! packet
C
IF (DSW.EQ.l) GOTO 60
TYPE *,'RECEIVE DIRECTIVE FAILED AFTER ·RECV2·
lUNSTOPPED. DSW == ',DSW
Displa~ error
GOTO 1000
message and exit
C Displaw data
60
TYPE 75,(RBUFF(J),J=3,15)
75
FORMAT (' DATA RECEIVED BY ·RECV2·:'/lX,13A2)
100
CONTINUE
C Have received 3 messages
TYPE *,'·RECV2· HAS RECEIVED 3 MESSAGES AND WILL
1 NOW EXIT'
1000
CALL EXIT
! ENi t
ENfI

45
46
47

48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
5B
59

C
C

Were we stopped due
to no data? If not
(Nf), we have a
data packet

Using Directives forlntertask Communication
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1.6
17
18
19
20
21
~~~~

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
:32
33
~:S4

SPAWN

1021

Enable lower case

File LEX44.MAC
This pro~ram spawns MCR ••• , passes it a series of ;;EX
command lines, waits for each to exit, and
;;EX
displaws each command's exit status.
;;EX
Assemble and task-build instructions:
MACRO/LIST LB:C1,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJlEX44
LINK/MAP LEX44,LB:C1,1JPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
.MCALL
.MCALL
.NLIST

SPWN$,EXITSS,WTSE$C,QIOWSS,QIOW$C
Swstem macros
SUPplied macros
DIRERR,IOERR
BEX
Inhibit listins of
binarw extensions

CMD1:
.ASCII -PIP *.MAC/lILEN1
=.-CMD1
CMD2:
• ASCI I IACT I
LEN2 :::: .-CMD2
CMD3:
.ASCII ITIMI
LEN3 :::: • -CMII3
SMES:

.ASCII
.ASCII
LSMES
=.-SMES
.EVEN
IOSB:
.BLKW
EXSTAT: .BlKW

Command line
of command

len~th

; ;EX
; ;EX
; ;EX
; ;EX

; ;EX
; ;EX

ISPAWN IS STARTING AND WILL SPAWN I
MCR COMMANDSI
Startup messaSe
lensth of messaSe

; ;EX

; a::x

lID status block
Exit status block

:35

36
~57

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
~51

CMDTBL: .WORD
.WORD
.WORD
.WORD
SPAWN:

SPWN$

CMD1,LEN1.
CMII2,LEN2
CMII3,LEN3

Table inde~·dng
MCR commands

;;EX

End of tcJb 1 e

; ;EX

; ;EX
; ;EX

MCR ••• "",1"EXSTAT

; Output messa~e buffer
BUFF:
.BLKB
80.
; Format strini=.t:
FMT:
.ASCII I%NSPAWN REPORTING: COMMANDI
;;EX
.ASCIZ I COMPLETED. EXIT STATUS WAS %D.%NI
;;EX
.EVEN
START: QI0W$C IO.WVB,5,1"IOSBy,(SMES,LSMES,40>
BC9
ERR1D
Branc,h on di r erT'or
TSTB
10SB
Check for lID error
BLT
ERR11
Branch on 1/0 error

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
52
53

54
~55

56
57
58

60
61
62
63
64
65

66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

76
77
78
79

80
81

MOV
MOV
GETCMII: MOV
BEG
MOV
IIIR$
BCS
WTSE$C
BCS
BIC
MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
CUOW$S

tCMIITBL, R3
tSF'AWN 'I R4
(R3)+,S.F'WCA(R4);
;
IIONE
(R3)+,S.F'WCL(R4);
R4
ERR2
1
ERR3
t177400,EXSTAT

R3 =:::. command table ; ;EX
;; EX
R4 =:> SF'AWN IIF'B
Set command addr'ef.';s ;; EX
;;EX
If 0, end of list
;;EX
Command lerlsth
;;EX
S?awn MCR •••
Branch on dir error
Wait for task to e:·d t
Branch on dir error
Clear high order b~,te
of e:·dt statl.Js
Set I.JF' for' $EIIMSG

tBUFF"RO
tFMT,Rl
tEXSTAT,R2
; Edit stat •.Js meSSc:1ge
$EIIMSG
tIO.WVB,t5,t1"tIOSB,,(tBUFF'IR1'1t40>
IIisF'la~ e:·dt statl.Js
BeS
Branch on dir err'or
ERR4I1
Check for lID error
TSTB
IOSB
Brarlch on lID error
BLT
ERR41
; ;EX
Get neNt command
GETCMII
BR
; EHit
;; EX
EXIT$S
DONE:
; Error handling code Dis?la~ error message and e~·d. t,
ERR1I1: DIRERR <ERROR WRITING STARTUP MESSAGE>
tIOSB,<ERROR WRITING STARTUP TEXT>
ERR1I: IOERR
; ; EX
ERR2:
IIIRERR <ERROR SPAWNING MCR>
[lIRERR <ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG>
ERR3:
; ;EX
ERR4I1: IIIRERR <ERROR WRITING EXIT STATUS>
;; EX
tIOSB,(ERROR WRITING EXIT STATUS>
ERR4I: IOERR
START
.ENII

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1
2

3
4
5
6

7
8
(';

10
11

12
13
14
15
16
17

PROGRAM SPWN
C

C File LEX44.FTN
C
C This proSram spawns ••• DCl, passes it a series of
C command lines, waits for each to exit, and
C displa~s each command's exit status.
C
C Data
INTEGER EXSTAT(8),PLIST(6),DSW
BYTE BUFF(80)
C Commands to be spawned:

43
44

45
46
47
48
49
50

, 'EX

C
C
C
C

DIR *.MAC
SHOW TASKS/ACTIVE
SHOW TIME

! 'EX

, !EX
, 'EX

REAL CMII( 5 , 3 )
DATA CMD/'DIR ','*.MA','C'
, 0
, 0 ,
1
'SHOW',' TAS','KS/A','CTIV','E',
2
'SHOW',' TIM/,'E'
, 0
, 0/
INTEGER LEN<:~)
DATA l.EN/9,17,9/

:1.8

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

! !EX
, !EX
! !EX

, !EX
! !EX

C
REAL DCl
DATA DCL/6R •• +DCLI
C

C Code
WRITE (5,15)
, Write messa~e
FORMAT (' SPAWN IS STARTING AND WILL SPAWN "
1 'DCL COMMANDS')
'!EX
DO 30,1=1,3
CALl. SPAWNCDCL",l"EXSTAT"CMD(l,I),LEN(I)
1. " , DSW)
, 'EX
, Spawn DeL
IF (DSW.lT.O) GOTO 900 'Branch on dir error
CALL WAITFR(I,DSW)
! Wait for task to exit
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 910 ! Branch on dir error
WRITE (5,25) EXSTAT(1).AND. M 377 ! Displa~ low
! b~te of exit status
25
FORMAT (' SPAWN REPORTING: COMMAND COMPLETED.',
1 ' EXIT STATUS WAS ',II,'.')
30
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT
! Exi t
C Error handling code
900
TYPE *,'ERROR SPAWNING DCL. DSW = ',DSW
GOTO 1000
910
TYPE *,'ERROR WAITING FOR EVENT FLAG. DSW = ',DSW
1000
CALL EXIT
END
15

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
5.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3
4

LEX45A
lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX45A.MAC
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
:J. ~5
14
15
16
. 17
18
:1.9
20
21

22
2~5

24
25
2l)

27
28
29

Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part A, parent
task

; --

Task spawns LEX45B and reports status of that task.
Swnchronization is throu~h an AST routine.

;

cno:

.GLOBL
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

$EDMSG
CLEF$,WTSE$C,SPWN$C,EXIT$S,GrOW$,DIR$
SETF$C,CNCT$C,ASTX$S,aIOW$C,ABRT$C
DIRERR

GIOW$

IO.WVB,5,2",,(OUTBUF,0,40> ; Set msS
len~th later'

CLEF$
CLEF:
1
; $EDMSG ar~ument block:
EDMARG: .WORD
OFEMST
STATUS: .BLKW
8.

=> OFEMST or OFEXIT
Offsprin~ status block

;

MSG:
OFEMST:
OFEXIT:
OUTBUr--:

.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.BL.KB

IOFFSPRING %1. STATUS - %D%NI
IEMITTED STATUSI
IEXITEDI
200.

.EVEN

30
31

32
33

34
35
36
37
38

STA~-;:T:

.ENABLE LSB
MOV
t(~ I 0, ';~4
DIR$
tCLEF

Bes
SPWN$C
BCS
WTSE$C

3(1
4()

BCS
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOVB
MOV
BMI

413

MOV

43
44
4~5

CALL

MOV

'~4 => arOW$ DF'B
CLEF 1, used to s~nch
wi th AST rO'-ltine

ERR1.
LEX45B"""ASTRTN,STATUS
Spawn LEX45B
ERR2
1
Wait until AST occurs
and AST routine sets
flag
ERR3
:ft:OUTBUF,RO
RO => $EDMSG output
tMSG,Rl
Rl => $EDMSG input
tEDMARG,R2
R2 => $EDMSG ar~uments
STATUS,R5
Extend sisn on status
bwte, also keep in R5
R5,STATUS
2$
Minus values mean EMST
tOFEXIT,EDMARG
..=-= 0 means EXIT
$EDMSG
Rl,Q.IOPL+2(R4)
Load messa~e length

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
51

53
!7;4

55
56
57
58
!59

60
61
62

63
64
65
66
67
68

3$:

73
74
75
76
77
78
81

82
83
84
85
86
87
88

89
90

DIRERR
DIRERR

<ERROR ON INITIAL CLEF$>
<ERROR SPAWNING LEX45B>
<ERROR ON WTSE$C>
<ERROR ON GIOW$>
<ERROR ON CLEF$)

Did offspring e~·d t'?
Yes
; No. Clear EF 1 again
Wait
Once offspring e~·d t.s,
so should parent

DIF~ERR

DIRERR
DIRERR

AST routine, entered when offsprin~ emits status
(ne~ative status value) or exits (positive status
va IIJf~)
ASTRTN: SETF$C
BeS
CMP

Awaken ITtain code

ERR6
$I)SW, tIS. SET

If set, main code is
rtot read!:l !:let
OVRRUN
We've been overrun
STATUS
Has offspring e~·dted?
4$
If so, don't tr!:l to
reconnect
LEX45B"ASTRTN,STATUS
ERR7
(SP)+
Clean tJP stack from AST
Let main code run
;

BEG
TST
BGE

R4
ERR4
R5
3$
tCLEF
ERR5
1$

;

ERR1:
ERR2:
ERR3:
ERR4:
ERR5:

1.)9

70
71

GlOW$ to TI:

DIR$
BCS
TST
BGE
DIR$
BCS
BR
EXIT$S

4$:

CNCT$C
BCS
TST
ASTX$S

If a new status comes in before we're done with the old
one, somethin~ is wrong. stop everything.
;

OVRNMS: .ASCII /STATUS RECEIVED BEFORE READY. /
.ASCII / ABORTING BOTH TASKS./
OVRNML =.-OVRNMS
.EVEN

;

92
93

OVRRUN: QIOW$C
ABRT$C
BCS
EXIT$S

IO.WVB,5,3",,<OVRNMS,OVRNML,40)
LEX45B
Abort offspring
ERRS
E~d t thi s task

ERR6:
ERR7:
ERRS:

<ERROR FROM SETF$ INAST ROUTINE>
<ERROR CONNECTING TO OFFSPRING)
<ERROR ABORTING OFFSPRING)
START

(l4

95
96
97
98
99

100

DIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR
.END

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
1

PROGRAM LEX45A

C+

C File LEX45A.FTN

4
5

6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

C
C Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part A,
C task

par~nt

C
C Task spawns LEX45B and reports status of that task.
C Ne~ative status values are used when emittin~ status,
C positive values when exitin~.
C
C S~nchronization is throu~h an event fla~.
C·-

C
REAL LEX45B
DATA LEX45B/6RLEX45BI
INTEGER STATUS(S),DSW

C
C Spawn LEX45B:
10
C

C
C
C

1 ~:;

CALL SPAWN (LEX45B",1"STATUS"""DSW)
IF (DSW.LT.O) GO TO 900
CALL WAITFR(l,DSW)
! Wait until EXIT or
EMIT STATUS occurs
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 910
IF (STATUS(l).GE.O) GOTO 20
! Offsprin~ exited
Emi tted statlJs:
lYPE 15,STATUS(I).OR.·177400 ! Displa~ status,
ne~ si~n extended
to ~et ne~ vallJe
FORMAT (' OFFSPRING EMITTED STATUS. STATUS = "

:H.

114/)

:-S2
3:3
34
35

CALL eNCT (LEX45B,I"STATUS"DSW) ! Reconnect
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 920
GOTO 10
! Wait for next status
f'

~:S6

C Offspring exited:

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

20
C

TYPE 25,STATUS(I).AND.·377
FORMAT (' OFFSPRING EXITED. STATUS = ',14/)
CALL EXIT
Once off5prins exits,
50 should parent

900
910

4:7

920

48
49
50

1000

TYPE
GOTO
TYPE
GOTO
TYPE
IDSW
CALL
END

*,'ERROR SPAWNING LEX45B. DSW = ',DSW
1000
*,'ERROR ON WAITFR. DSW = ',DSW
1000
*,'ERROR CONNECTING TO OFFSPRING. DSW = "
EXIT

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
.TITLE
.IIIENT
.ENABl.

,.,1

.....

3
4
5

LEX45B
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

;t
File LEX45B.MAC

7
8
9

Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part B,
offspring task

This task is spawned b~ LEX45A.
It emits a negative
status ever~ 5 seconds, then exits after 30 seconds
(6 emits, then an exit).

11
1.2
1.3

If an emit status fails because this task was not
connected to the parent~ another emit status will be
tried 5 seconds later.
Two consecutive failures cause
this task to exit with an error messa~e.

1 ~:;
1.6
17
1.8
:1.9

This task must be installed under task name LEX45B.
; ....

• MCAl.L
• MCALL

24
'")C'
.0_
...J

NCNCT:

.ASCII ILEX45B NOT CONNECTED TO ANY PARENTI
i.BYTE
15~:l.2
.ASCII IWILL TRY AGAIN IN 5 SECONDS I
NCNCTI... ::: + .... NCNCT

.EVEN

29
30

EMSTSS,QIOWSC,WTSESC,MRKT$C,EXIT$S
[I IF~ERR

;
STAFrr:

3:1.
32
33
34

35
36

CL.R
CL.R

MOV

t6"R3

RO :::: e~·d t statIJ~)
R1 = 0 means last
attempt to emit status
suceeded. RO < 0 means
it failed because we
were not connected
R3 = number of emits
wet to be issued
Set timer (again)?
No, ,just eHit
Set timer for 5 seconds

~~o

:37
~5B

:39

[MST:

DEC
BMI

MF~KT$C

4:1.

BCS
DEC

F~3

EXIT
1,5,2
ER/:;::I.

Use status < 0 when
elTai ttins
Emit to parent
Failed.
Wh~1
Note sl.Jccess
Wait for 5 secs to pass
Failed because not
cor,nected?
An~ other reason, Guit

F~O

4:3
~14

4~)

46
47
48

EMSTSS

Hes

~RO

CLR
BR
CMP

WAIT
$[lSW,tIE.ITS

BNE

ERR2

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION

~53

TST
BMI
DEC

R1
ERR2
R1

QIOWSC
BCS

ERR:~

~)4

5::=i
~56
~i7

58
59
WAIT:

60
61
62
63

EXIT:

c)4

;

WTSE$C
BCS
BR
EXITSS

Failed last time too?
Then give IJP
Else note we failed this
time
And announce the
problem!
IO.WVB,5,2",,(NCNCT,NCNCTl,40)
; And trw again in 5 secs
; Wait for 5 sees to pass

ERR4
EMST
Exit (with success)

; Directive errors
t)t.)

67
68
69
70
71

ERR1:
ERR2:

1
2

11
12
13
14
15
16
17

PROGRAM LEX45B
C+
C File LEX45B.FTN
C
C Solution to Module 4, Lab Exercise 5 - Part B,
C offsprins task
C
C This task is spawned bw LEX45A.
It emits a negative
r status every 5 seconds, then exits after 30 seconds
C (6 emits, then an exit).
C
C If an emit status fails because this task was not
C connected to the parent, another emit status will be
C tried 5 seconds later. Two consecutive failures cause
C this task to exit with an error message.
C
C This task must be installed under task name lEX45B.

:L8

C-

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Er';:F~:3 :

DIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR

ERR4:

DIF;~E',':;:

.END

(ERROR ON MRKTSC)
(ERROR EMITTING TO PARENT)
(ERROR ON GIOWSC)
(ERROR ON WrSESC)
START

Using Directives for Intertask Communication
SOLUTION
:1.9
20
21
22

2~5

24
25
26

DATA ERLAST/.FALSE.I

2B
2(]

30
:~1

32
:33

C
C

37
~5B

3(]

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
4B
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Error mnemonic
Flas if last EMST
failed because we were
not connected

~56

INTEGER DSW,IEITS
DATA IEITS/--·BI
LOGICAL*l ERLAST

c
C

25
C

30
50

DO 50,1=1,6
Issu~' I.> EMSTs
CALL MARK (1,5,2,DSW)
Set timer fOT' !::i
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 900
CALL EMST(,(-I),DSW)
Emit to parent
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 20
Failed. Why?
ERLAST = .FAl.SE.
NCJte success
GOTO 30
! Wait for 5 sees to pass
IF (DSW.NE.IEITS) GOTO 910 ! Failed for reason
othe T' than not
! connected
IF (ERLAST) GO TO 910
Failed last time too?
Then !=H ve UP.
ERL.AST :::: .TRlJE.
Else note we failed
this time
And announce the
PT'oblem:
TYPE 25
FORMAT ('LEX45B NOT CONNECTED TO ANY PARENT'I
1 'WILL TRY AGAIN IN 5 SECONDS')
And try asain in 5 secs
CALL WAITFR(l,DSW)
Wait for 5 secs to pass
IF (DSW.LT.O) GOTO 920
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT
Exit (with success)

C
C Directive errors
C
900
TYPE *,'ERROR ON MRKT. DSW = ',DSW
GOTO :1.000
910
TYPE *,'ERROR EMITTING TO PARENT. DSW GOTO 1000
920
TYPE *,'ERROR ON WAITFR. DSW = ',DSW
1000
CALL EXIT
END

',DSW

Memory Management Concepts
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Write 'M' if the statement applies to mapped systems,
lUI
if
it applies
to
unmapped systems, or 'M,U' if it applies to
both.
a.

Physical addresses up to 32K words accessible with
16-bit addressing.

Physical addresses up to 128K words accessible with
IS-bit addressing.

Program relocation possible without having to program
or task-build again.

Detection of memory protection violations.

Program executes only at physical addresses that match
the virtual addresses created by the task builder.

Virtual address limit of 32K words.

Fill in the headings and the missing values in Figure 1.

ADDRESSES

160000

MEMORY

APR
#

PAR

MEMORY

VALUES

'" "

COMMON
8K WORDS

013422

000000

ADDRESSES

-I

.........

....

000000
100000

-I

000000

60000
~

20000

01253600

'"
012736

::xJ

...
0

en
m

CD
~

...en

CD
-0

TK-7751

Virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System

Figure 1

m
~
m

><
m

TASK

7K WORDS

............

CS'\

...
'<
0

COMMON

Memory Management· Concepts
SOLUTION
1.

Write 'M' if the statement applies to mapped systems,
'U'
if
it applies to unmapped systems, or 'M,U' if it applies to
both.
U

Physical addresses up to 32K words accessible with
16-bit addressing.
(M is also acceptable since 32K
words is the limit of 16-bit addressing even on a
mapped system.)

Physical addresses up to 128K words accessible with
18-bit addressing.

Program relocation possible without having to program
or task-build again.

Detection of memory protection violations.

Program executes only at physical addresses that match
the virtual addresses created by the task builder.

M,U

Virtual address limit of 32K words.

Fill in the headings and the missing values in Figure 1.

VIRTUAL
ADDRESSES

160000

VIRTUAL
MEMORY

COMMON

APR

'" ""

013622

8K WORDS

013422

_.6

140000

PHYSICAL
MEMORY

PAR
VALUES

000000
100000

COMMON

"" ""

'<
01342200

.....

60000

20000

01253600

012736

L._._.

- -

...
CD

virtual Addresses, APRs and Physical Addresses
in a Mapped System

'tJ

TK-7750

Figure 1

...0:::s
n

012536

ca
CD
3

:::s

/
/

7K WORDS

m
:::s
m

TASK

000000
40000

-I

en
0
rc:

000000
0"1
N

3C
3

......

000000
120000

PHYSICAL
ADDRESSES

Overlaying Techniques
TEST IEXERCISE
The following is an output display from a task.
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE G
G CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
GI RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H
H CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2
H2 RUNNING
MAIN EXITING
The calling sequence parallels the output display.
1.

Draw an overlay tree diagram or a memory allocation
for a possible overlay structure for the task.

Write the modules MAIN, G, GI, H, HI,
compile each one.

Task-build and run the task without overlays.

Task-build and run the task with all
Obtain a map.

Task-build and run the task with all memory-resident overlays.
Obtain a map.

and

H2.

diagram

Assemble

Obtain a map.

disk-resident

overlays.

Overlaying Techniques
TEST IEXERCISE
6.

Task-build and run the task with G, GI and H in memoryresident overlays,
HI and H2 in disk-resident overlays.
Obtain a map.

Use the map to fill in the following table:
Type of
Overlay

Starting Virtual
Address of G

Starting Virtual
Address of HI

No Overlays
All
Disk-Resident
Overlays
All
Memory-Resident
Overlays
Disk-Resident
and MemoryResident
Overlays

(Optional) Task-build Example 6-5 so that the module TOTAL
in an overlay segment.

(Optional) Modify Exercise 8.
Add a subroutine RTOTAL which
displays the running total after each job (e.g., THE TOTAL SO
FAR IS xx).
NOTE I
For debugging, place RTOTAL in the root·
segment and place all calls to RTOTAL in the
module MAIN.
NOTE 2
OnceRTOTAL is debugged, build the task with
RTOTAL in an existing overlay segment.
Place
RTOTAL so that the task executes the fastest.
(Still use autoload,
but place RTOTAL to
minimize loading of overlay segments.)

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
The following is an output display from a task.
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE G
G CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
Gl RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H
H CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
HI RUNNING
H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2
H2 RUNNING
MAIN EXITING
The calling sequence parallels the output display.
1.

Draw an overlay tree diagram or a memory allocation
for a possible overlay structure for the task.

MEMORY ALLOCATION
DIAGRAM

OVERLAY TREE
G1

H2
G1

H
MAIN

MAIN
TK-7744

diagram

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE MAIN
.IItENT lOll
.ENABLE loC

2
3

4
5
6

Enable lower case

File LEX6A.MAC
Mainline routine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlaws and their effects.

7
B
9

10
11.

• GLOBI...
.MCALL
.MCALL

:L2

G,H1,H
CUOW$C, EXIT$S
IIIRERR

; Subroutines called

1:3
14
11:."
,)
1b

17
1.13
:1.9
20

21
:~2

21.>

27
2B

;

CGMS:
.ASCII 1~1AIN CALLING SUBROUTINE GI
CGMI... _. • -·CGMS
CH1MS: .ASCII IMAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE Hi1
CH1ML '- .--CHiMS
CHMS:
.ASCII IMAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE HI
CHML _. .-CHMS
EXMS:
.ASCII IMAIN EXITINGI
EXML :::: • ·-EXMS
.EVEN

;
; For each routine, type messaSe then call routine
;

START:

QIOW$C

BeS

CALL
CUOW$C
BCS
CALL

32
33

34
:35
36
:~7
~5B

(~IOW$C

IO.WVB,5,1",,(CGMS,CGML,40>
IOFAIL
G

IO.WVB,5,1",,(CHIMS,CHIML,40>
IOFAIL
H1
IO.WVB,5,1",,(CHMS,CHML,40>
IOFAIL

BCS
CALL
H
CHOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(EXMS,EXML,40>
EXIT$S
IOFAIL:: DIRERR (ERROR ON QIO TO TERMINAL>
.END
START

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8

PROGRAM MAIN
C

C File LEX6A.FTN
C
C Mainline routine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C For each routine, type messa~e then call routine
C

TYPE *,"MAIN CALl.ING SUBROUTINE G"
CALL
G
TYPE *, , MAl N CALLING SUBROUTINE Hl'
CALL
H1
TYPE *, MAIN CALLING SUBROUTINE H"
CALL
H
TYPE *, "MAIN EXITING'
CAl.L. EXIT
END

10
11
12
13

15
16
17
18

.TITLE
• I DENT
.ENABL

1
2

lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX6B.MAC
6
7
8
9
:1.0
11

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

.GL.OBL
.GLOBL.
.MCALL

Gl
IOFAIL
CHOW$C

Subroutine called
Error T'outine

1~~

14
15
:1.6
17

;

CG1MS: .ASCII IG CALLING SUBROUTINE Gl1
CG1ML -.. .-CG1MS
.EVEN

:1.9

20
21

22
2~5

Type

'r'-, ••

24
26
27

ERROR:

messa~e

CHOW$C
BCS
CALL
RETURN
,.IMP
.END

then call routine

IO.WVB,5,1",,<CG1MS,CG1ML,40>
ERI:::OR
Gl
IOFAIL.

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

SUBROUTINE G

C File LEX6B.FTN

4
5
6
7

C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C

C Twpe messaSe then call routine

9
10
11

TYPE *,'G CALLING SUBROUTINE G1'
CALL
G1
RETURN

:1.3

END

.TITLE

.IDENT
+ENABL

lOll
LC

Enable lower case

File LEX6C.MAC
6
7

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1~6+
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

10
11

; Error routir,e

Gl.OBL

IOFAIL

+MCALL

QIOW$C

+ASCII

IG1 RUNNINGI

12
1.3

14
15
16
l,7

;
G1RUN:
G1 RUNL.. ::::

+ --G 1 RUN

.EVEN

18
:1.9
20

21
22
23
24o
o,c:

.... oJ

Twps messaSe then return
G1::
ERROR:

QIOWSC
BeS
RETURN

ERROR

IO.WVB,5,1",,<G1RUN,G1RUNL,40>

JMP

IOFAIL

.END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

SUBI:':OUTINE G1

1
.-)
4

3
4

C
C

Fil€~

LEX6C.FTN

I::'

f' Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.

b
7
8
9

C Illustrate different overlaws and their effects.
C

,.1

TYPE *,'G1 RUNNING'

F~ETURN

END

1
2
3

.TITLE

• IfiENT
.ENABL

lOll
Enable lower case

File LEX6f1.MAC
6
7
8

Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

.GLOBL
.Gl.OBL
.MCALL

10
:Ll
:L2
13

14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Hl,H2
IOFAIL
CnOW$C

Subroutines called
Error' rOI.Jtine

;
CH1MS: .ASeII IH CALLING SUBROUTINE Hl1
CH1ML = .-CH1MS
CH2MS: .ASCII IH CALLING SUBROUTINE H21
CH2ML - .-CH2MS
.EVEN

21
22
23
24

Type messaSe then call routine

H• ~
~

27
28
29

30
31

ERROR:

aIOW$C
BeS
CALL
aIOW$C
BCS
CALL
I:':ETURN
JMF'

IO.WVB,5,1",,(CH1MS,CH1ML,40>
ERROR
Hl
IO.WVB,5,1",,(CH2MS,CH2ML,40>
ERROR
H2

IOFAIL

tEND

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

SUBROUTINE H
C
C File LEX6D.FTN
C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

C
C Type
C

messa~e

then call routine

TYPE *,'H CALLING SUBROUTINE H1'
CALl. H1
TYPE *,'H CALLING SUBROUTINE H2'
CALL H2
RETURN
END

1
2
3

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

13
14

lOll

L.C

Enable lower case

5
6
7
B

File LEX6E.MAC
Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.

to
1 :L
12
:1.3
1.415
:l6
17

.GLOBL
• MCALL

IOFAIL
CH()W$C

; Error routine

Messa~.:fes

H1RUN: .ASCII IH1 RUNNINGI
H1RUNL = .-H1RUN
.EVEN

:I.B

1.9
20
21

Twpe message then return

HI::

22
23
24
2~::;

OrOW$C
BCS

ERROR:

RETURN
JMP
.END

IO.WVB,5,1",,(H1RUN,H1RUNL,40>
ERROR

IOFAIL

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:1.0
11

SUBROUTINE H1
C
C File LEX6E.FTN
C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C Type messaSe then return
C
TYPE *,'H1 RUNNING'
RETURN
END

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABl.
~

H2
/01/

Enable lower case

File LEX6F.MAC
Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
.GLOBL
• MCALl.

; Error routine

IOFAIL
(~IOW$C

12
13
:L4
1. ~)
:1.6
1,7

H2RUN:
.ASCII /H2 RUNNING/
H2RUNL.. :::: • ·""H2RUN
.EVEN

:1.8
19
20

21
22

Type

H2::

ERROR:

2~:;

messa~e

then return

aIOW$C
BCS
RETURN
JMP
• END

IO.WVB,5,1",,<H2RUN,H2RUNL,40>
ERROR
IOFAIl.

SUBROUTINE H2

C File LEX6F.FTN

4
5

C
C Subroutine for Module 6, Lab Exercises 1-6.
C Illustrate different overlays and their effects.
C
C Type me5sa~e then return
C
TYPE *,'H2 RUNNING'
RETURN
END

7
8

9
10

11
:1.2

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
3.

Module 6v Lab Exercise 3
"

)LINK/MAP LEX6A,lEX6B,lEX6C,lEX6D,lEX6E,LEX6F,-)LB:rl,lJPROGSUBS/lIBRARY
LEX6A .... MAIN
I...EX!SF.: .... G

I...EX6C ". Gl

I...EX6D
I... EXf.>E

,.,
,.,

LEX6F .-

H
H1
H2

Module 6, Lab Exercise 3
Task-build command to build FORTRAN with no overlaws

)lINK/MAP LEX6A,LEX6B,lEX6C,LEX6D,lEX6E,LEX6F,;;

-)lB:Cl,1JF4POTS/LIBRARY

lEX6A - MAIN
l.EX6B .- G
LEX6C = 61
LEX6D ". H
LEX6E - Hl
LEX6F .... H2

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
4.

Module 6, Lab Exercise 4
.ODL file for buildinS MACRO-11 with all disk resident
()ve r I a~:~s
.ROOT
LEX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*(LEX6B-LEX6C,OVRH)
LEX6D-(LEX6E,LEXllF)
DVRH:
• FCTR
LEX6A ..
LEXllB
1•.. EXllC LEX6D
LEX6E LEX6F ....
~

.~.

MAIN
G

G1
H

H1
H2

• END
Module 6, Lab Exercise 4
.ODL file for buildinS FORTRAN with all disk-resident
overla~s

HSEGS:
Fl.IB:,

.ROOT
• FCTR
.FCTR

LEX6A-FLIB-*(LEX6B-LEX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
l.EX6D-FLIB-(LEX6E-FLIB,LEXllF-FLIB)
LB:[I,IJF4POTS/LB

LEX6A .- MAIN
LEX6B - G
l.EX6C ::: G1
l.EX6D "" H
1.•. EXllE - H:L
LEX6F .. H2
.END
~

Module 6, Lab Exercise 5
.ODl. file for MACRO-11 with all

memor~-resident

OVf? r 1 tlJ!:l~:;

.I~OOT

DVRH:

.FCTR

LEX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*!(LEX6B-LEX6C,OVRH)
LEX6D-!(LEX6E,LEX6F)

!o'

LEX6A
MAIN
LEX6E( .... G
LEX6C .. Gl
LFX6D .... H
LE:X6E .- H1
LEX6F .... H2
~

• END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
Module 6, Lab Exercise 5
.ODL file for FORTRAN with all memorw-resident overlahls
HSEGS:
FLIB:

.ROOT
.FCTR
• FCTI~

LEX6A-Fl.IB-*' (lEX6B-LEX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
LEX6D-FLIB-'(LEX6E-FLIB~LEX6F-FLIB)

LB:[1,IJF4POTS/l.B

;

LEX6A
MAIN
LEX6B - G
LEX6C .... 8l.
l.EX6n
H
LEX6E .... H1
LEX6F :=H~~
. .M

.END

Module 6, Lab Exercise 6
+ODL file for MACRO-11 with some memorw-resident, some
; disk-resident overla~s
.ROOT
LEX6A-PROGSUBS/LB-*' (LEX6B-LEX6C,OVRH)
OVRH:
.FCTR
LEX6D-(LEX6E,LEX6F)
LEX6A ::::MAIN
LEX6B .... G
l.EX6C .... G:I.
LEX6D ..- H
L.E:X{)E: -- I·" 1
LEXbF .... H2

tEND
Module 6~ Lab Exercise 6
.ODL file for FORTRAN with some disk-resident, some
memorw-residetn overlahls
HSEGS:
FLIEr:

• F~OOT
.FCTR
.FCTR

LEX6A-FLIB-*' (LEX6B-LEX6C-FLIB,HSEGS)
LEX6D-FLIB-(LEX6E-Fl.IB,LEX6F-FLIB)
LB:[1,1JF4POTS/LB

;

LEX6A = MAIN
LEX6B .- G
LEX6C .... G1
LEX6D .- H
LEX6E .- H1
LEX6F = H2

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
7.

Use the map to fill in the following table:
Type of
Overlay

Starting Virtual
Address of G

Starting Virtual
Address of HI

No Overlays
All
Disk-Resident
Overlays

Answers will vary depending on
students' particular solution.

All
Memory-Resident
Overlays
Disk-Resident
and MemoryResident
Overlays

Module 6, Lab Exercise 8

.ODL file in MACRO-11 to place TOTAL in an overla~
!I

~;c.:·~!=.flTlent.

All overlays are disk-resident

.ROOT
.END

MAIN-*eA-eJOB1,JOBXX),B,TOTAL)

Module 6v Lab Exercise 8

.ODL file in FORTRAN to place TOTAL in an

overla~

y se!=JlTlent.

All oveJ'lC:J'::'s are disk-resident

.ROOT
DVRA:

.FCTR

FLIB:

• FCTR
.END

MAIN-FLIB-*(OVRAyB-FLIB,TOTAL-FLIB)
A-FLIB-(JOB1-FLIB,JOBXX-FLIB)
LB:[1,lJF4POTS/lB

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
9.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

2
3
4

MAIN
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

FILE LEX69A.MAC

6
Modified to call RTOTAL to displaw the
total after each call to A

?
8

9
11
12
13

14
:l5

16
:1.7

lB
:1.9

; ....

Task-build instructions: Use LEX69A.ODL as the input;;EX
file.

A". 4',.

'"),")

~MCALL

2:~

.NLIST

QIOW$C,EXIT$S,QIOW$S ; SUPplied macros
BEX
Do not list binary

e~·~terlsi on~~

MES1:

29
30

MES2:

MES~5

:'~3

:~4

MES4:

:'5~5

:~ti

MESt3 :

:3?
3B

:'59

OP1:

4:L
42
4~5

Leave space to make
segment larger
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT IS RUNNING AND WILLI
.ASCII I CALL AI
I...MES1::::. -.. MESl
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIl.l. NOW CALL BI
I...MES::'~ = ..... MES2
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WILl. NOW CALL AI
l.MES3 :::: + --MES3
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIl.L NOW CALL TOTAL.I
LMES4 =. --MES4
.ASCII ITHE MAIN SEGMENT WIl.L NOW EXITI
LMESS ::::. -MES5
vPSECT OTHER
D, GBI..." OVR, REL., RW ; F'S-ECT fo r data
1st operand
.WDRD
address of operation
.WORD
OF'
in ASCII
2nd operand
.WORD
2
Answer to operation
.BLKW
1
+

26
27

;;EX
~;EX

This pro_ram prints a messaSe and then calls
subroutine A. Subroutine A asks whether to perform Job
1 or Job 2. It then calls either subroutine JOB1 or
JOB2 which performs the Job and displa~s the results.
MAIN then calls subroutine B. Subroutine B displays a
messaSe and exits. MAIN then calls subroutine A 3
more times, keeping a grand total of the operations.
Finally, it displaws the grand total and exits.

runnin~

OF'2:
ANS:

Bl.KW

44
4~i

46
4 -7
,.
,

TOT: :

OF': :

49
50

.PSECT
.EVEN
.WORr,
.BLKB
.EVEN

Back to blank F'SECT
Move to word boundarw
Total
Operand in ASCII
Move to word boundarw

o
1

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION
51
~52

57
~58

59
60

61
62
tl3

64
6~5

66
67

68
69
70
71.

72
73
74

IO.WVB,5,1",,(MESliLMES1,40> ;Write MESl
A
; Call subroutine A
RTOTAL
; Call routine to
;;EX
displa~ runninS
;;EX
;
total
;;EX
OIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(MES2,LMES2,40> ;Write MES2
·B
; Call subroutine B
CALL
; Set UP for loop
MOV
t3,R4
; Counter
LOOP:
OIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(MES3,LMES3,40>; Write MES3
ClR
ANS
; Clear answer in caSe
of no of'eration
A
Call subroutine A
CAl.L
RTOTAL
Call routine to
;;EX
CALL
display runninS
;;EX
total
;;EX
R4,LOOP
Decrement counter and
SOB
;
loop back until done
aIOW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(MES4,lMES4,40> ; Write MES4
TOTAL
; Call routine to
CALL
; displa~ ~rand total
OIDW$C IO.WVB,5,1",,(MES5,LMES5,40> ; Write MESS
; E~dt
EXIT$S
.END START

START:

OIOW$C
CAl.L
CALL

PROGRAM MAIN
FILE LEX69A.FTN

! !EX

..J

r: Modified to call RTOTAL to displaw the runnin~

f' after each call to A

C
C This pro~ram prints a messa~e and then calls subroutine
C A. Subroutine A asks whether to perform Job 1 or Job 2.P
C It then calls either subroutine JOBI or JOB2 which
C performs the operation and displaws the results. MAIN
C then calls subroutine B which displa~s a messa~e. MAIN
C then calls subroutine A 3 more times, keepin. a srand
C total of the operations. Finall~, it displays the
C Srand total and exits.

o:.~

8
9
1.0
11
12
13
14
1 ~3
16
17

! !EX
! !EX

:1.8
1.9

C Task-build instructions: Use LEX69A.ODL as the input !EX
C file for RTOTAL in the root. Use LEX69B.ODL as the
!EX
C input file for RTOTAl. in the best overla~ sesment
!EX

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

21
22
2:3

24
'')~

..:.;;:1

26
27
28

2(1

:~O

3:L
~52

:'54

3~j

36
37
:~8

40
41

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
~)()

C
10
C

C
C

COMPLEX DUMMY(1024)

COMMON ITOTCOM/TOT
INTEGEF~ TOT

Leave SF'ace to make
segment larger
COMMON IOTHER/OP1,OP,OP2,ANS
INTEGEF~ OP1,DP,OP2pANS
nATA OF':I. , OP2/5" ~~/
Total

TYF'E *,,/THE MAIN SEGMENT IS RUNNING AND WILL
lCALL A'
CALL A
! Call sub T'OI-lt i rle A
CALL liTOTAl
Call subrol-ltine ! 'EX
RTOTAL to disF'la~! ! EX
running total
, 'EX
TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL NOW CALL a'
CALL E
! Call SI-IbrOI-ltine a
DO 10, I::::l,:~
TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL NOW CALL A'
ANS :::: 0
Clear cmswer in case
of no op,eration
CALL A
Call ~;ub rOl-lt i rle A
CALL RTOTAl.
Call slJbrolJtine , !EX
RTOTAL to disF'la~! !EX
the running total! ! EX
TYPE *, , THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL CALL TOTAL'
CAl.L TOTAL(TOT)
Call T'olJtine to
displa~ grarld t,otal
TYPE *,'THE MAIN SEGMENT WILL NOW EXIT'
CALI... EXIT
EXIT
END

,
,

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

RTOTAL
lOll

Enable lower case

3
4
5
6

FILE LEX69B.MAC

Subroutine to print the

runnin~

total

CHOW$S
BEX

9
10
11

.MCALL
.NLIST

RTOFMT: • ASC I Z
RTOTBF: • BLKB
.EVEN
.NLIST

ITHE TOTAL SO FAR IS %D.I ;Format strinS
100.
Output buffer

RTOTAL::MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
CnOW$S

iRTOTBF, F~O
Set UP for $EDMSG
:JH-;:TOFMT, Rl
iTOT,R2
$EDMSG
Edit messaSe
iIO.WVB,i5,tl",,<tRTOTBF,Rl,t40>
y PT'int it

13
14
15

16
17

19
20
21

e~·,t,ens:i ems

SUBROUTINE RTOTAL

C FILE LEX69B.FTN
C

C Subroutine to print the runninS total
C

8
9

lO
11
12

List binarw extensions

BEX

RETURN
.END

23
24

2
3
4
5
6
7

External swstem macros
Do not list binarw

COMMON /TOTCOM/TOT
INTEGER TOT
TYPE 5,TOT
FORMATC' THE TOTAL SO FAR IS', 14,'.')
RETURN
END

Module 6, Lab Ex~rcise 9
.ODL file in MACRO-11, placin~ RTOTAL in the root
; seSment for testin~
All overla~s are memorw-resident
.ROGT
LEX69A-LEX69B-*!(A-!CJOBI,JOBXX),B,TOTAL)
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
; LEX69B = RTOTAL
.END

Overlaying Techniques
SOLUTION

Module 6, Lab Exercise 9

.ODL file in FORTRAN, placins RTOTAL in the root
$e.ment for testins

; All overlaYs are memor~-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-LEX69B-FLIB-*' (OVRA,OURB,TOTAL-FLIB)
DURA:
.FCTR
A-FLIB-!(JOB1-FLIB,JOBXX-FLIB)
DURa:
.FCTR
B-FLIB
FLIS:
.FCTR
LB:CI,lJF4POTS/LB
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
; LEX69B ::: RTOTAL
.ENl:'

Module 6, Lab Exercise 9

.ODL file in MACRO-II, placin~ RTOTAL in the be~t
(,ve r I a~ St\!~ment
All overla8$ are memors-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-*!(A-LEX69B-!(JOB1~JOBXX),B~TOTAL)
LEX69A = MAIN modified to call RTOTAL
LEX69B :::: RTOTAL
~ENlI

Module 6,

L~b

Exercise 9

.ODL file in FORTRAN, placinS RTOTAL in the best
overla~

se~ment

All overlaws are ~emor~-resident
.ROOT
LEX69A-FLIB-*!(OVRA~OVRB,OVRC)
aVRA:
.FCTR
A-LEX69B-FLIB-!(JOB1-FLIB,JOBXX-FLIB)
OVRS:
.FCTR
B-FLIB
ClURe:
• FCTR
TOTAL·..·FL IB
FLIat
.FCTR
LB:Cl,lJF4POTS/LB
LEX69A = MAIN ~Ddified to call RTOTAL
LEX69B ::: FnOTAL
.ENtt

Static Regions
TEST / EXERCISE
1.

Create an initialized resident common (size:
32(10) blocks =
1024(10) words,
contents:
25(10) in each word).
Check with
your course administrator to find out where to place the
common type partition. Write two tasks, one that modifies all
values in the common, and one that reads the values and
displays them.

Create a resident library using the supplied FORTRAN callable
subroutines AADD, SUBB, MULL and Drvv (all in LIB.MAC). Write
a task that calls one or more of the routines.
For example,
write a task that asks for four numbers (A, B, C, and D) and
then computes and displays (A * B) + (C * D) = answer.

Static Regions
SOLUTION

.TI1'LE LEX71A
.IDENT /01/

:J.
2
:5

.FNABL.

L.C

Enable lower case

!:;
6

File L.EX71A.MAC

'''J

ProSram which creates and initializes a common re~ion
which will be referenced usin~ overlaid Psects.

B
(]

Size 1024. words, contents all 25's

10
11
:I. ':)

Task-build instructions: Must include /SHAREABLE:COMMON
and /NOHEADER switches; STACK=O and PAR=COMWP options.
Must create .8T8 file. Ma~ be /CODE:PIC or absolute
(default).

L'5
14
:L ~:)
16
17

lB
:1.9
20
21
~~;!

2~3

The code is placed in

Psect named MYDATA

; ....

.PSECT

• riEPT
.WORD
.ENDR
.END

MY DATA
1024.
25.

D~GBL.,OVR

; Defaults REL.,RW
ReF,eat count
WCJrd of 25(10)
End T'eF,eat rang€~

BLOCK DATA LEX71A

C
C File I...EX71A.FTN
C
C Pro~ram to create and initialize a resident common
C
C Size is 1024 words, initialized with all 25's
C
C Task-build instructions: Must include /SHAREABLE:COMMON

1.0
11

C and /NOHEADER switches; STACK=O and PAR=COMWP options.
C Must create .8TB file. Ma~ be /CODE:~IC Dr absolute

1 ':>

C (the default). OTS
C

:'5
4
5
6
7
B

13
1.4
:L5
16

librar~

NOT reauired.

COMMON /MYDATA/ 1(1024)
DATA I /1024*25/
END

Static Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE LEX71B
+IDENT lOll
+ENABL LC

1
,.)

#/:••

3
4

Enable lower case

FII... E LEX7:I.B+MAC
6

7
8
9

This task decremtents the values in the static common
resion LEX71A+ It uses the technioue of overlaid Psects
to reference the reSion.

10
11

Task-build instructions:

:L2
:I. :5
14

15
16

>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX71B
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RW
Opti'on? <I~ET>

; ....

+MCALL
.PSECT
+PSECT
+BLKW
• BI... KW

QI0W$S,EXITSS
~ s~stem macros
MYDATA D,GBL,OVR ; Psect used in COMWP
local s~mbol for start
of J'e~~t :i. (In
Back to blank Psect
2
1/0 statu~ block
:I.
Arsument block for

.BLKB
.ASCIZ

lOO.
Output buffer
IDIR ERROR ON aID. CODE = %DI ; Directive

FERI:;:2 :

.ASCIZ

!I/O ERROR ON aIO. CODE

:1.8
:L9

M::= +

20
2:L
'")'")
A".. ,.0..

IOSH:
AI:;:G:

e r T'O J'

BUFF:
26

FEI~I~l

27
2B

29
~30

DONE:

:~ :I.

:32
3:5

I... DONE

34
:~~)

~S6

v
STAI:;:T:

MOV

41
4'J

4::S
44

45
46

47
4B
4(]

MOV
DEC
SOB
CHOW$S
BCS
TSTB
BLT
EXIT$S
; Error code
Er~I~OR:
MOV
MOV
LOOP:

= %D! ; 110 error

ITI (.~\ ~; ~:; c~ !"11~:\

Don€:\
• I~SCI I ILEX71B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUESI
1TI€~~5~; a g(.:~
.ASCII I IN THE COMMON LEX71AI
.:::: ...··DONE
::::1. 024.
Word count in resion
.EVEN

:~7

38
39

c:c)d€~

Startins addr of data
in thf:~ T'es:i.on
iW,R5
Loop count
(R2)+
Decrement value
R5,LOOP
Loop back if not done
tIO.WVB,i5,tl,,,tIOSBy,<.DONE,#LDONEvt40>
ERROR
Check for dir error
IOSB
Check for liD error
ERRORl
Branch on 1/0 error
ENl.t

$DSW v Af~G

Move DSW to arS block
Addr of format strinS
Branch to SEDMSG code

:Jl:FEr~R1" I~:I.

SETUP

Static Regions
SOLUTION

~50

Ef~ROI:;:1

51
52
~j3

~54

SETUP:

55
56

: M()VB
MDV
MOV
MDV
MOV
CALL.
CHClW$S

Extend si~n on I/O
status and place in
iiJr~j blc)ck
tFERR2,Rl
Addr of format strins
tBUFF,RO
Addr of output buff~r
tARG,R2
Addr of ar~ument block
$EDMSG
; Edit messa~e
tIO.WVB,i5,il"v,(tBUFFvRl,i40> ; Write
RO~ARG

~5B

EXIT$S
.END

59
60

1
.")

.:..

3
4
1::'

...1

6
7
B
9
10
11
1.2

13
14
:l ~:j

16
:J.."~
~.

18
19
20
21
:;~2

23
2·4
25

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

C
C
C
C
C

Task to decrement each word in the static common
reSion LEX71A. It uses a COMMON to reference
the data.
Task-build instructions:
L.INK/MAP/OPTION LEX71B,LB:[1,1JFOROTS/LIBRARY
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RW
Option'? <RET>

COMMON /MYDATA/ L(1024)! Common to reference
shared resion
C Decrement values
DO 5 K::::l., 1024

L ( K ) =L ( K ) -~ 1

CONTINUE
WRITE (5,10)
, Displa~ done messa~e
FORMAT (' L.EX71B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUES IN THE
1 COMMON LEX71A')
CALL. EXIT
END

Static Regions
SOLUTION

• TITLE L.EX'7:LC
• I DENT 101.1
.ENABI... LC

1
2
3

Enable lower case

4
5
6

'7
B
9

This task sets the values from the static common
resion LEX71A. It uses the techniGue of overlaid Psects
to reference the reSion.

10
11

Task-build instructions:

12
>LINK/MAP/OPTION I...EX71C
Option? RESCOM=I...EX71A/RO
Or:,t :i. on~) <I:':ET>

:L4
1. ~5
1c\
17
:LB
:L9

.MCALL
.PSECT
M::::.

20
21

27
2B

lOSB:
AI:':G:

.PSECT
.BI...KW
• BLI~W

BUFF:
FMT:

.BLKB
.ASCIZ
:

.ASClZ

FERR2:

.ASClZ

FEI~I:':1

2(y
~50

QIOWSS,EXITSS
; S~stem macros
MYDATA D,GBI...,OVR ; Psect used in COMWP
local s~mbol for start
of T'eSion
Back to blank Psect
lID statu~) bl(Jck
2
Arsument block for
1.
error cc)de
100.
Outf~I.Jt buff(~~ T'
/%8DI
Format strins for
fJl..ltr-'l..It of' da~tc1
IDIR ERROR ON QIO. DSW :::: %DI ; Directive
; error messaSe
!I/O ERROR ON aID. CODE:::: %D! ; 1/0 error
mes;sr.1i=.te

32
3:~

N:::128.

34
35

.EVEN

Loop count - 12B. lines,
8 ts peT' linf.~

-36

::r?

STA~\:T

~5f3

LOOP:

42
43
44
4~5

41.>

47
4B

sta~

MOV

Startins addr of data
in the T'esicH"t
MDV
tN,R5
Loop count
MOV
tBUFF,RO
Output buffer
MOV
tFMT,Rl
Format strins
CALL.
$EDMSG
Edit messaSe
aIOW$S iIO.WVB"t5,t1"tIOSB,,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
BCS
ERROR
Check for dir error
TSTB
IOSB
Check for 1/0 error
BLT
ERRORl
Branch on 1/0 error
here for sood write
Decrement counter, loop
SOB
R5l1LOOP
back if not ~et done
EXIT$S
E~·dt
tM"R2

Static Regions
SOLUTION-

; E T' ro r c(.")dt?
ERIi:OIi:: MDV
MOV
Bli:
ERRor·u: MOVB
MOV
SETUP:

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL..
CnOW$S

Move DSW to ar~ block
Addr of format strin~
Branch to $EDMSG code
Extend sisn on 1/0
I:~()" A~~G
status and place in
arS blDck
Addr of format strins
tFERR2" F~1
Addr of output buffer
tBUFF"RO
tARG"R2
Addr of argument block
$EDMSG
Edit message
tIO.WVB"t5"tl",,,<tBUFF,Rl,t40> ; Write
$[lSW"ARG
IFEIi:I:;:1,,1;::1.
SETUP
I()SB" 1:;:0

;

EXIT$S
.END

;

m€'~~5~:;a~=i(~~

E~·d t

STAF(f

PROGRAM LEX71C

1
3

C File LEX71C.FTN

6
7
8

C Task to read data from the static common re~ion LEX71A
C and print it out at TI:. It uses a COMMON to reference
C the data.
C

1()

C
C
C
C
C

11
12
1 ~5
14
15
16
17

18
19

20
21

22
23

Task-build instructions:
LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX71C,LB:(1,1JFOROTS/LIBRARY
Option? RESCOM=LEX71A/RO
Option? <RET>

COMMON IMYDATAI L(1024)! Common to reference
!
shared re~ion
C Loop throu~h to display re~ion, 8 numbers on a line
DO 50 J = 1,1024,8
WRITE (5,,10) (L(K),K=J,J+7) ! Write values
10
FORMAT (' ',12,718)
50
CONTINUE
CALL EXIT

END

Static Regions
SOLUTION
2.

1
2
3

4
5

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

LEX72
lOll

Enable lower case

File LEX72.MAC

Solution to Module 7, Lab Exercise 2

8
9
1.0

Task computes sum of products usin~ resident library

11
1 ,.)
It..

rOIJt i ne~:; •

Assembiy and task build instructions:

:L~

MACRO/LIST LB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LIB,dev:CufdJLEX72
LINK/MAP/OPTIONS LEX72,LB:[1,1JPROGSUBS/LIB
Option? RESLIB=LIB/RO

1.4
1 ~)
16

17
.MCALL
.MCALL
.GLOBL

19
20
:~ 1

~GLOBL

QIOW$~QIOW$S,QI0W$C,DIR$,EXIT$S

DIRERR,IOERR
SCDTB,$EDMSG
MULL,AADD

; Routines in SYSLIB
; Routines in library LIB

,,),.)

.-:,..,:...

23
24
25
26

27
2B

29
30
:~1

32
~53

34
35
36
~57

~~B

39
40

Me~:;<.:.;ages

HDRMS:

.ASCII /TASK WILL COMPUTE (A*B)+(C*D)/<15><12>
.ASCII IENTER NUMBERS IN DECIMAL.I
HDRML :::: • ····H[lf~MS
APRMT:
.ASCII /ENTER A: /
PLEN ~:: • ~··APRMT
Len~th of p romF,t
(assumed to be all the
same length)
BPliMT: .ASCII /ENTER a: I
CPRMT: .ASCII /ENTER C: I
DPRMT: .ASCII IENTER D: I
; ASCII buffers

:
ASCB:
ASCC:
ASCD:
OUTBUF:

ASC~~

• BLI(B

.BLKB
.BLKS
.BLKS
.BLKB

ASCII for A's value
Same fOT' B
C
D

7
7
7
7
80.

41
42

43
44
45
46
47

48
49
~:;O

; $EDMSG format string
EDMFMT: .ASCIZ /7.N(7.VA * 7.VA) + (7.VA
.EVEN

* 7.VA) .- 7.DI

FORTRAN-compatible ar9ument blocks:
MULARG: .WORD
3
; For MUL
.WORD
Ml
~WORD
M2
.WORII
MULRES

Static Regions
SOLUTION

51
53

54
56
57
58
59
60

61
6':>

64
6~'=;

66
67
b8

69
70

71
72
l3
74
75
76

77
78
79

ADDARG: .WORD
.WORII
.WORD
.WORD

For ADD
First MUL result
Second result
Grand total

MURES1
MULRES
GRTOT

ASCII buffer table. Initiallw each entrw in this table
consists of the address of a prompt strin~ followed bw
the address of the buffer to store the input. After a
string is input, however, the prompt strins address is
replaced b~ the length of the in~ut strinS. This
table, with the addition of the final value GRTOT, then
; serves as the SEDMSG arsument block.
EDMAI:;:G:
APRMT,ASCA
~WORD
ABTBLt
BPRMT,ASCB
+ WOF~[I
CPRMT,ASCC
~ ~JORn
CItTBL:
• WOF,II
DPRMT,ASCD
Grand total (numeric
• WOF\II
GF~TOT :
value is inserted
directl~ into $EDMSG
block)
other numeric values
Mi:
.WORII
M2:
.WORD
MURES1: .WORD
MULRES: .WORII
RItPRMT! QIOW$
lOSB:
.BLKW

First MUL arSument
Second MUL ar~ument
First MUL result
MUL result

IO.RPR~5,1"IOSB"<,7,,,PLEN,'S>

, Code

STAF,T:

(HOWSC
MOV

MOV

iRDPRMT,R4

(70

MOV

91
92
93

CALL.

tABTBL, F~3
GETINF'
GETINF'
tMUL.ARG,R5
MULL
MULRES,MURESl
tMl,1R5
tRDPRMT,R4
iCDTBL,R3

88
89

CAL.l.
MDV

CALL.

9~5

MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV

96
97

98
9(7
100

R5 => location to store
binarw input values
R4 => -read with
F' romF,t - [lPB
R3 => ASCII buffer table
Gf.'?t A
Get B
R5 => MUl. ar~ block
Do first multiplw
Save resl.Jl t
Reset re~isters
; (FORTRAN callin~
convention does not
~uarantee they are
preserved.)

Static Regions
SOLUTION

101
102
103

104
105
106
107

108
109
110

111
112
113
114

CALL
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL

GETINF'
GETINF'
tMULARG,R5
MULl.
tADDARG,R5
AADD

Get C
Get £I

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
CHOWSS
BCS
EXITSS

tOUTBUF,RO
tEDMFMT,R1
tEDMARG,R2
$EDMSG
tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tOUTBUF,Rl,t40)
lOnER

Do second multiply
Add multiplication
reslJI ts
F'repare
for
$EDMSG

11.5
116
1:L7

Subroutine GETINF' to

118

Inpl.Jt:

119
120
121
122

123
:t24

OutF'l..It:

12~j

126
127

131
1.32
1:33

134
1:~5

:L36
137
138
1:~9

140
141

142
143
144
145

input values.

R5 ::::>
R4 =)
R3 =)

cno DF'B

1:::5 ....
R4
R3 -

Unchan~ed

location to store binary result

Address of prompt strin~,
followed b~ address to store
ASCII input
input value +2
input value +4. location formerly
address of prompt now
contains
of input
containin~
len~th

128
129
130

~et

GETINF': MOV
MOV
MOV
DIRt
BCS
CMF'B
BNE
MOV
CALL
MOV
RETURN

(R3)+,Q.IOF'L+6(R4)
; Load prompt address
(R3)+,RO
RO =) input buffer
RO,Q.IOF'LCR4)
COpy to QIO DF'B
R4
Get input
IODER
Directive error
IOSB,tIS.SUC
110 successful?
IDIDER
No
IOSB+2,-4CR3)
Save input len~th
teDTB
Convert to binary
Rl,CR5)+
Store binary

; Error messa~es:
IODER: DLRERR <ERROR ON QIOWS>
IOIDER: IOERR
tIOSB,(ERROR ON QIOW$)
.END
START

Static Regions
SOLUTION

1
2

C+

PROGRAM LEX72

r File LEX72.FTN

4
5

C
C Solution to Module 7, Lab Exercise 2

C
C Task computes sum of products
C routines.
C
r Task build instructions:

7
8
9
10
11
12
13

usin~

resident library

CLINK/MAP/OPTIONS LEX72,LB:[1,1JF4POTS/LIB
C
Option? RESLIB=LIB/RO

C"""

15
16
17

INTEGER A,B,C,D,MURES1,MURES2,GRTOT
C ASCII bytes to make promptin~ code cleaner
BYTE ASCA,ASCB,ASCC,ASCD

19
20
21
23
24
25
26

27
28
29
30

32
33
~~4

35
36
37
38

39
40

TYPE ~3
FORMAT (' TASK WILL COMPUTE (A*B>+(C*D)'/
1 ' ENTER NUMBERS IN DECIMAL.')
C FORMAT statements used repeatedly below:
15
FORMAT ('$ENTER ',Al,': ')
25
FORMAT (16)
TYPE 15,ASCA
Prompt for
ACCEPT 25,A
and input A
TYPE 15,ASCB
Prompt for
ACCEPT 25,B
and input B
CALL MULL(A,B,MURES1)
MURESl = A*B
TYPE 15,ASCC
Prompt for'
ACCEPT 25,C
and inF'ut C
TYPE 15,ASCD
Prompt for
ACCEPT 25,D
and input D
CALL MULL(C,D,MURES2)
MURES2 = C*D
CALL AADD(MURES1,MURES2,GRTOT)
! GRTOT = sum
TYPE 35, A,B,C,D,GRTOT
FORMAT (' (',16,' * ',16,') + (',16,' * ',16,') = ',16)
35
CALL EXIT
5

END

Dynamic Regions
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Referring to Exercise 1 of Module 7 (Static Regions), modify
the tasks that reference the common so that they both map to
the common dynamically using the memory management directives.

Write a task that creates a dynamic region two blocks long,
fills it with a character typed in at the terminal, and leaves
it in existence on exit. Write a second task that modifies
one value in the region, then displays all the values in the
region at the terminal, and finally deletes the region.

Modify SNDREF so that it sends the region by reference to a
second receiver task, in addition to RCVREF. Write the second
receiver task, which should modify values in the
region and
then display the values in the region at the terminal.

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
1.

.TITlE
.IDENT
.ENABL

3
4

lEX81B
/01/
lC

Enable lower case

File l.EX8!B.MAC

6
LEX71B modified to use memory

8
9
:LO
11
1

mana~ement

directives

Pro~ram to attach to the existinS resion lEX71A, create
a virtual address window (mapped on creation), decrement
all values in the reSion by 1, detach from the re~ion
and e~·d t +

:1.:3

Assemble and task-build instructions:

:1.4
1• ...J
c·
:1.6
17
.:L B

>MACRO/LIST LB:[l,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJlEX81B
>lINK/MAP/OPTION L£X81B,LB:[l,lJPROGSUBS/l.IBRARY
)Opt i c)n? WNDWS= 1
>Option? <RET>

19
20
21
;~ ::!
23

RDB:

1')1::-

..... ,J

26
27

28
29
30
31
3"')
:33
34
:35
36
~

;
WIN:
WDB:

37
~~8

39
40
41
42

;
IOSB:
W

DONE:

4~5

44
4 ...c J'
46

I...DONE
START:

• MCALL. EXIT$S,RDBBK$,WDBBK$,ATRG$C ; System
macros
.MCALl. CRAW$,DTRG$S,DIR$,QIOW$S
; SUPplied macros
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
RDBBK$ 32.,LEX71A,LEX71A,<RS.WRTlRS.RED>
Define T'esion with:
Size
== 32. (32. word blocks)
Name
== LEX71A
Partition
- LEX71A
Attach with read and write access
CRAW$
WDB
;DPB for create address window
WDBBK$ 7,32.,0,0,32.,<WS.MAPlWS.REDlWS.WRT>
Define window with:
APR
== 7
== 32. (32. word blocks)
Size
Offset in re~ion == 0 (32. word blocks)
len~th in reSion == 32. (32. word blocks>
Map on create with read and write access
.BL..KW
==1024.
.ASCII
.ASCII
=.-DONE
ATRG$C
BCS
MOV

49
50

DIF'~$

BCS

; lID status block

of words in re~ion
ILEX8:LB HAS MODIFIED THE VALUESI ; Done
I IN LEX71AI
messa~e
; t

RDB
; Attach to re~ion
ERR!
; Check for error
RDBfR.GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move re~ion ID
; into WDB
tWIN
Create window
Check for error

Dynamic Regions
SOL~TION

MOV
MOV
5~5

LOOP:

!55

56
57
58

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

1
2
3
4
b
7
B
9

BCS
191B
BLl
bTRGSS
BCS
EXITSS
~ Error handlins code
ERR1:
DIRERR <ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION>
ERR2:
DIRERR <ERROR CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING>
ERR3D: DIRERR <ERROR WRITING DONE MESSAGE>
ERR3I:
IOERR
tIOSB,<ERROR WRITING DONE MESSAGE)
EkR4:
DIRERR <ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION)
.END
START
.

PROGRAM LEX81B
C

C File LEX81B.FTN
C

r LEX71B modified to use memory manaSement directives
C
C

14
15
16

C
C

:l.B

:l9
20
21
23

24
25

26
27
28

Pro~ram

to attach resion LEX71A in partition LEX71A

C create a window and map it to the resion upon creation,
C decrement each value in the re~ion b~ 1, and detach
C from it

1:1.
12
13

[lEe

SOB
QIOW$S

~54

4160000,R2
Set base ~ddr in re~ion
tW,R5
Get wor~ count
(RZ)t
Decrement value
R5,LOOP
; Loop until done
4IO.WVB,t5,t1"tIOSB,,<tDONE,tLDONE,t40>
Write done messa~e
ERR3D
Check for di~ error
IbsB
Check for liD error
ERR3I
Branch on error
tRDB
Detach from re~iDn
ERR4
Check for error

C Task-build with these options:
C
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000

WNDWS:=l

INTEGER RDB(8),WDB(8)
C This common block will align with the address window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA(1024)
C RDB = Resion de~inition block with the followin~
C properties:'
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Size
C
Name
LEX71A
C
C
Partiticm
LEX71A
C
Protection
WO:none,SV:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
C
Attach with read and write access
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB IO,32v3RLEX,3R7:1.A,3RLEX,3R71A,·3,
1 "170000/

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

56
57
58
59
60

r WDB
C
C
C

Window definition block with the followin~ properties:
APR
7
Size
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Offset in re~ion
(32.-word blocks)
r
Len~th of window
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
C
Map on create with read and write access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB /-3400,0,32,0,0,32,-203,01
C
C Attach resion
CALL ATRG (RDB~IDS)
C Check for error on attach
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 100
C Move resion id to WDB
WDB(4)=RDB(1)
C Create and map window
CALL CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Decrement values
DO 50 K=1,1024 '
IDATA(K)=IDATACK)-l
50
CONTINUE
C Detach from re~ion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 300
C And Jump to exit
WRITE (5,60)
60
FORMAT (' LEX81B HAS MODIFIED THE VALUES IN
1 THE COMMON LEX71A')
GOTO 500

62
63
64
65
66
67
68

C
100
101
200
201

300
301

7:1.

500

7:~

Error messa~es
WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT C' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW :',14)
CALL EXIT
END

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
2
3

LEX81C
/01/

Enable lower case

j-l-

c·

File LEX81C.MAC

...J

6
mana~ement

LEX71C modified to use memorw

8
9
10
11
12

directives

Program to attach to an existing region, create a
virtual address window (mapped on creation), read
ASCII data from the re~ion, detach from the re~ion
and e~·d t.

1.3

Assemble and task-build instructions:

14
1.5

16
17

>MACRO/LIST LB:[l,1lPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJLEX81C
>LINK/MAP/OPTION LEX81C,LB:rl,iJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
>Option? WNDWS=1
>Option? (RET>

19
20
21
23
24

27
28
29
30
;:H

; ...
.MCALL
.MCALL

RDB:

EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBK$,ATRG$C; Swstem
CRAWSvDTRGSS,DIRS,QIOWSS
macros
.MCALL DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros
RDBBKS 32.,LEX71A,LEX71A,RS.RED
Define re~ion with:
Size
= 32. (32. word blocks)
Name
- LEX71A
Partition
- LEX71A
Attach with read access

;

WIN:
WDB:

;33
~54

:35

36
:37

CRAWS
WDB
;DPB for create address window
WIIBBK$ 7,32.,O,0,32.,{WS.MAP!WS.RED>
Define window with:
APR
7
Size
= 32. (32. word blocks)
Offset in region - 0 (32. word blocks)
Len~th in re~ion - 32. (32. word blocks)
Map on create with read access

;

39
40
41

IOSB:
ARG:

.BLI(W
.BLKW

2
1

42
43
44

BUFF:
FMT:

.BLKB
.ASCIZ

/7.8II/

4~)

46
47
48
49

1.00.

N::::128.

START:

.EVEN
ATRGSC
BCS
MOV

~50

I/O status block
block for
error' code
Output b'Jffe r
FOT'mat stT'ins
Loop count
Ar~ument

IIIRS

RDB
Attach to resion
ERR1
; Check for error
RDB+R.GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move resion ID
; into WDB
tWIN
; Create window

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

52
53
54
55

LOOP!

56
57
58

59
60
l)l
l)2

63
[)4

65
66
67
68
69

70
71
72
7:~

DONE!

BCS
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
CAll
QIOW$S
BCS
TSTB
BlT
SOB
DTRG$S

Bes

Check for error
ERR2
Set base addr in re~ion
t160000"R2
tN,R5
loop count
tBUFF,RO
Set UP for $EDMSG
tFMT,Rl
$EDMSG
; Edit data
tIO.WVB,t5,i1"tIOSB,,(tBUFF,Rl,t40)
Write data
ERR3D
Check for dir error
Check for liD error
IOSB
EI:;:R3I
Branch on error
Print the line
R5"lOOP
Detach from re~ion
tRDB
ERR4
Check for error

EXIT$S
; Error handlin~ code
ERR1:
DIRERR (ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION)
ERR2:
DIRERR (ERROR CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING)
ERR3D: _ DIRERR <ERROR WRITING DATA)
ERR3I:
IOERR
tIOSB,(ERROR WRITING DATA)
ERR4:
DIRERR <ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION)
.END
START

PI:;;OGRAM LEX81C

1.
C
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

:1.0

11
12
13
14

C File LEX81C.FTN
C
C LEX71C modified to use memory

mana~ement

directives

("'

C Pro~ram to attach re~ion LEX71A in partition LEX71A
C create a window and map it to the re~ion upon creation,
C read data out of the region~ and detach from it
C
C Task-build with these options:
VSECT=DATA!160000:20000
C
WNDWS::::1
C
C

INTEGER RDB(S),WDB(8)

l.~i

C This common block will align with the address window

COMMON IDATA/IDATA(1024)
C RDB = Region definition block with the

18
19
20
21

23
24
25
26

followin~

pro}~'erties:

32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Size
LEX71A
Name
LEX71A
Partition
C
C
Protection
WO:none,SV:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
C
Attach with read access
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB 10,32,3RLEX,3R71A,3RLEX,3R71A,·000001,
1·1700001
C

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

28
29

C WDB - Window definition block with the followin~ properties:

3:1.
3':>
33

34
35
36
:3'.7
38
3(l

40
41

42
43
44
4!S
41.>

47
48
49
50
51
!53

54
56
57

APR
7
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Size
Offset in resion o (32.-word blocks)
C
32 (10) (32.-word blocks)
Len~th of window
C
C
Map on create with read access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB 1"3400,0,32,0,0,32,-201,01
C

("' Attach re£ticm
CALL ATRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error on attach
IF (IDS .LT~ 0) GOTO 100
C Move reSion id to WDB
WDB (4) ~:RDB ( 1 )
C Create and map window
CALL CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Print contents of resion
DO 50 J=1,1024,8
WRITE (5,11) (IDATA(K),K=J,J+7)
11
FORMAT (' ',12,718)
~iO
CONT I NUE
C Detach from resion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 300
C And Jump to exit
GOTO 500

~)8

60
61
62
63
64

65
66
67
68
69
70

C
100

101
200
201

300
301

Error messages
WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (, ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW =',14)

C
~iOO

CALL. EXIT
END

100

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

1
r)
Ik.

1:
o~'

LEX82A
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

File LEX82A.MAC

6
Pro~ram to
creation),
creation),
the re~ion

7
8

9
:J.O
1:1.

create an named resion (attached on
create a virtual address window (mapped on
place ASCII data in to resion, detach from
and exit, leavins the region in existence.

Task-build instructions:

:1.3
:1.4

Include WNDWS=l option

• MCAL..L
.MCALL

16
17

EXITSS,RDBBKS,WDBBKS,CRRGS,CRAWS
DTRGS,DIR$,QIOWSS,QIOWSC

18
:I.<.i>

REG:

20
21

,">,0)

"':"11;..

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

;
RDB:
;
WIN:

31
32

33
34
3, ,J
36
37
I:!"

38
::S9

40
4:L
42
43
44
4 ,J
46
47
48
49

;

WDB:
DET:
IOSB:
BUFF:
MES:
LEN
DNMES:

I:!"

~)O

LDNMES
; Error
FCRRER:
FCRWER:
FDETER:

CRRG$
FUIB
;DPB for create reSion
Define reSion with:
:::: 2 (32. word blocks)
Si ~o=e
MYREG
Name
Partition
GEN
:::: WO:None,SY:RWED,
Protection
OW:RWED,GR:RWED
Do not mark for delete on last detach
Attach with write and delete access
RDBBK$ 2,MYREG,GEN,{RS.NDL!RS.DEL!RS.WRT!RS.ATT),170000
CRAWS
; DPB for create address window
WDB
Define window with:
APR
:::: 7
Size
2 (32. word blocks)
Offset in resion - 0 (32. word blocks)
L..ength in resion - 2 (32. word blocks)
Map on create with write access
WDBBK$ 7,2,0,0,2,{WS.MAP!WS.WRT)
DTRG$
.BLKW
.BLKB
.ASCII

RDB
DPB for detachins resion
2
lID status block
80.
InputlOutput buffer
IENTER ASCII CHARACTER: I
.o-MES
<15>/LEX82A HAS CREATED AND INITIALIZED/
I THE REGIONI

.ASCII
.ASCII
::::.00_ DNMES
format strinSs
.ASCIZ IERROR CREATING REGION. DSW :::: %D.I
.ASCIZ IERROR CREATING WINDOW. DSW :::: %D.I
.ASCIZ IERROR DETACHING FROM REGION. DSW :::: %D.I

101

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

FCH1DE! .ASCII
.ASCIl
FaIllE: .ASCIl
.ASCIZ
FCH2DE: • Asell
FCH2IE: • AseIl

57
:::jB

.EVEN

51
52
53
~54

IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ AFTER PROMPTI
I 010. DSW = ~D.I
!I/O ERROR ON READ AFTER PROMPT OIO.!
I CODE = ~D.I
IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON WRITE oro. DSW = ~D.I
!I/O ERROR ON WRITE 010. CODE - %D.!

~5(1'

60
61

START!

6:~

63
64
65

DIR$
BCS
MOV
IIIR$
BCS
M()V
cnOW$S

66
67

68
69
70
71
72
73

74
75

LOOP:

BeB
TSTH
BtT
MOV
MDV
MOVB
SOB

OIOW$C

78
79

80
81
B2
83
84
85

; E r rC)l"'
ERR:/.:

87
88
8(J

ERR2:

90
91
92

ERR3D:

(J~5

ERR3I:

94
95

96
97
98
99

lOO

ERR4D!
ERR4I:

Bes
TSTB
BlT
DIR$
BCS
EXIT$S
code
MOV
BR
MOV
BR
MOV
BR
MOV
MOV
MOV
BR
MOV
BR
MOV
MOV

tREG
; Create resion
ERRl
; Check for error
RDBtR.GID,WDBtW.NRID ; Move resion ID
;
into WDB
tWIN
; Create window
ERR2
; Check for error
t160000,R5 ; Set base address in region
tIO.RPR,t5,tl"tIOSB"<tBUFF,tl,,tMES,tLEN,t'$)
; Prompt and read data
ERR3D
; Check for directive error
10SB
; Check for 1/0 error
ERR31
; Branch on liD error
t128.,RO ; Region size in bytes
tBUFF,R4
; R4 =) character
(R4),(RS)f ; Move character to region
RO,LOOP ; Decrement counter and loop
until done
IO.WVB,5,1"IOSB,,<DNMES,LDNMES,40)
Write region c~eated message
ERR4D
Branch on dir error
IOSB
Check for 1/0 error
ERR41
Branch on 1/0 error
tDET
Detach from region
ERRS
Check for erT'or
tFCRRER,Rl

Create resion error
message
Branch to common code
.Create window message
Branch to common code
010 directive message
Branch to common code
Extend sign on status
and move to arg block
010 liD error
Branch to common code
010 write dir error
Branch to common code
Extend sign on status
and move to arg block

SHOERR
tFCRWER,Rl
SHOERR
tFOIIDE,Rl
SHOERR
IOSB,RO
RO,$DSW
tFOIIIE,R1
SHOERR
tFOI2DE,Rl
SHOERR
IOSB,RO
RO,$DSW

102

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

101
102
103
104
105
106
107

lOS

ERR5:

EXIT$S
.END

START

PROGRAM LEX82A

1
A'"

QIO write err IT,essase
Branch to co",,,,on code
Detach re~.ti on IT,essage

tFQI2IE,Rl
SHOERR
tFDETER,Rl

:J:BUF'F,RO
Set '.JP for $EDMSG
t$DSW,R2
; Edit ",essage
$EDMSG
tIO.WVB,:J:5,tl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
; Displa~ ",essage
; E~dt

SHOERR: MOV
MOV
CALL
CnOW$S

109
110
111
112

1')

MOV
BR
MOV

C File LEX82A.FTN

C LEX82A creates a na",ed region (attached on creation),
C creates a virtual address window (mapped on creation),
C places an ASCII character input at TI: at all locations
C in the region~ detaches fro", the region and exits,
C leavins the region in existence.
C
C Task-build instructions:

7
8
9
10
:1.:1.

1'-)
.:..

:1.3

C
C
C

16
1'7
18
1.9
20
21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30
31

,31')
.:..

34
:35
~:S6

C
C

>LINK/MAP/OPTIONS/CODE:FPP LEX82A,LB:rl,lJFOROTS·_·)/LIBRARY
Option? VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
Option? WNDWS=l
Opt i on'? <RET)

= Region Definition Block for region with the
C following properties:
= 2 (32. word blocks)
C
8i =·~e
Na",e
C
= MYREG
C
Partition
= GEN
C
Protection
- WO:None~SY:RWED
OW:RWED,GR:RWED
C
C
Do not ",ark for delete on last detach
C
Attach with write and delete access
C
C WDB = Window Definition Block for window with the
C following properties:
C
APR
7
C
Size
2 (32. word blocks)
C
Offset in region = 0 (32. word blocks)
C
Length in resion - 2 (32. word blocks)
Map on create with write access
C
C
C RDB

103

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
37
38
39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

52
53
54
55

56
57
58
59

£1

62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

86
87
88
89

INTEGER RDB(8),WDBCS)
C Arra~ for dynamic resion, variable for ASCII character
BYTE ARRAY(128),CHAR
COMMON IDATAI ARRAY
C
C Initialize the RDB

DATA RDB/O,2,3RMYR,3REG ,3RGEN,3R
,-000152,-170000/
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB/-3400,0,2,0,0,2,-202,0/
C Call routine to create and attach reSion
CALL CRRGCRDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IFCIDS.LT.O)GOTO 800
C Create address window and map to resion
WDB(4)=RDBC1)
CALL CRAWCWDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF(IDS.LT.O)GOTO 810
WRITE C5,50)
C Get ASCII character
50
FORMAT ('$ENTER ASCII CHARACTER: ')
READ (S,60)CHAR
60
FORMAT (AI)
C Place data in reSion
DO 80 J=1,128
ARRAY(J)=CHAR
80
CONTINUE
C Detach fro~ reSion
CALL DTRG(RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF(IDS.LT.O)GOTO 820
C Write messaSe
TYPE *,'LEX82A HAS CREATED AND INITIALIZED THE
lREGION'
C Branch to common exit
GOTO 1000
C Write create error messaSe
800
WRITE(5,805)IDS
805
FORMAT(' ERROR IN CREATING REGION, DSW = ',14)
C Go to common exit
GO TO 1000
C Write attach error messaSe
810
WRITE(S,815)IDS
815
FORMAT(' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW AND MAPPING,
IDSW = ',14)
GOTO 1000
C Write detach error messaSe
820
WRITE(S,825)IDS
825
FORMAT(' ERROR IN DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW 1,14)
C Common exit
1000
CALL EXIT
END

104

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL.

1
::~

LEX82B
IOl/
LC

Enable lower case

File lEX82B.MAC

6
7

ProSram to attach to an existins re~ionv create a
virtual address window (mapped on creation), modif~
the first b~tf:~ of ttH:~ f'f.~~:Uon!l T'€~ad ASCII d<.~ta from th€:~
resion, detach from the re~ion and mark it for delete,
and finall~ exit. The re~ion will be deleted on last
detach.

8
9

10
11
:1.2
13

:1.4

Assemble and task-build instructions:

:1. ~5
16
17

)MACRO/L.ISTlB:[1,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:CufdJ-)L.EX82B
)LINK/MAP/OPTION lEX82B,LB:(l,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
)Option? WNDWS=l
)Option? (RET)

18
19

tMCAll EXIT$S~RDBBK$,WDBBKS,ATRG$C; S~stem
; macros
MCALI... CRAWS,DTRGSSvDIRS,QIOWfS
.MCALl DIRERR,IOERR
; SUPplied macros
RDBBK$ O,MYREG,GEN,{RS.WRT!RS.RED!RS.MDL!RS.DEL)
Define resion with:
Si ~~f?
- 0 (32. word blocks)
returned after attach
.... MYREG
Nam€-~
.- GEN
Parti t:i.on
Mark for delete on last detach
Attach with read, write and delete access
+

'11:."
........ J

RDB:

26
27
28
29
30
3:L

32
3~5

;

:34

WIN:
WDB:

3~j

CRAWS
WDE
fDPB for create address window
WDBBK$ l,200,0,O,0,(WS.MAP!WS.RED!WS.WRT)
Define window with:
:::: 7

:~l

API:~

Size
Offset in reSion
Len!:.fth i n r'f?~.:.f j, on

~5(l

returned when mapped
Map on create with read and write access

42
43
44
4~j

46
47
48
49
50

200 (32. word blocks)

o (32. word blocks)
o (32. word blocks)

lOSS:
I=\:SI2
STAI:~T:

.BLKW
=128.
ATRGSC
BCS
MOV
(fIRS

I/O status block
size in b~tes
RDB
Attach to re~ion
ERR1
; Check for error
RDB+R~GID,WDB+W.NRID ; Move reS ion ID
; j,nto WDB
tWIN
; Cr'eate window
Re~ion

105

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

51
52
5~5

54
55
~)6

57
5(3
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
6(3
69
70
71
72
7:3
74
75
76
77
78
79

L.OOf':

BeS
TSTB
BLT
SUB
BLE
AIID
CMF'
BLE
MOV

3
4
~)

6
7
B
~~

:1.0
:1.1
1.2
13

ERR2

Check for errOT'
Set base addr in r€~!=ji<:>n
.... Z,(R5)
Place Z in 1st b~lte
tRSIZ,R4
Size of T'e~.:Hon in b~d~~\s
; Chars per line
t64.,R3
iIO.WVB,t5".1"tIOSB,,<R5,R3,t40>
Write data
ERR3D
Check for dir €~T\T'OT'
IOSB
Check for 1.10 E~rT'or
ERR31
Branch on erT'or
R3,R4
ComF'ute chc~rs left
DONE
Branch if done
R3, F~5
Point to ne~·,t chc3r
Check fOT' .::: 64. chars
F~3" R4
1 f?ft to F'T'int
LOOP
:> or =, PT'int neNt line
<, I~rint C'Jnl ~I that IT.an~
R4"R3
chars
LOOP
Print the 1 inf?
tRDB
Detach f rCHT. resicm
ERR4
Check for erT'or
t 160000" R~5

BR
DTRG$S
·BCS
EXIT$S
; Error handlins code
ERr·U:
DIRERR <ERROI~ ATTACHING TO REGION>
ERR2:
DIRERR <ERI~OR CREATING WINDOW .~N[r MAPPING>
ERI~3[1 :
nIF~ERR
<ERROR WRITING DATA>
EF~R3 I :
IOERR
t:IOSB" <EI~ROR WI~ITING DATA>
ERR4:
D IRI::I:~I~
<ERROR DETACHING FI~OM I:;;EGION>
.END
START

[lONE:

PROGRAM LEX82B

1
.-)
A..

BCS
MOV
MOVB
MOV
MOV
aIOW$S

C
C F i 1 f? LEX82B. FTN
C
C FORTAN proSram to attach resion MYREG in partition GEN
f' (which was created b~ LEX82A), create a window and map
C it to the reSion upon creation, place a Z in the first
C b~te, then read data out of the resion" and detach
f' from it" deletins it in the process.
C
C Task-build with these options:

C
C
C

VSECT=DATA::l.60000:20000
WNDWS::::1

106

Dynamic' Regions
SOLUTION

1. ~j
1 IS
17

18
19

20
21
22

23
24
2~j

26
27

2B
2(1
3()

32
3~5

~54
3~)

31.)
37

38
39

40
41

INTEGER RDB(8),WDB(S)
BYTE IDATA(12S)
C This common block will ali~n with the address window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA
C RDB = Re~ion definition block with the followins
C p 1'()P€~ r t i (~f:):
C
Size
(32.-word blocks)
C
filled in when attached
C
Name
MYREG
C
Parti tiol"l
GEN _
Protection
WO:none,SY:RWED,OW:RWED,GR:RWED
C
r
Mark for delete on last detach
C
Attach with delete, write and read access,
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB 10,0,3RMYR,3REG v3RGEN~3R
,·000213~
1·:L70000/

r WDe = Window definition block with the followins

c P ""OP€~ 1't i €Is:
C

APR
Size
Offset in res:i.on
Lf.~nsth of window

200(8) (32.-word blocks)
C
o (32.-word blocks)
C
(32.-word blocks)
filled in when mapped
C
C
Map on create with read access
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB /·3400,O,·200,0,0,Op·203,01

4;'5

C Attach r€:'9ion
CALL ATRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error on attach
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Move resion id to WDB
WDB ( 4 ) ::::RDB ( 1 )
C Create and map window
CALL CRAW (WDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Place ASCII Z in first b~te
I DATA ( :I. ) ~-:: ~ Z ~
C Print contents of resion
:1.0
WRITE (5,11) IDATA
11
FOF~MAT (~
~,,64Al)
C Detach from resion and delete it
CALL DTRG (RDB,IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 300
C And Jump to exit

46
47
413
49
50
5:1.
5:~

54
55
~j6

57
58
59
60
6:1.
62

63
64

GCna !500

107

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

C
C Error' messages

100
101
200

201
300
301

WRITE (5,101) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ATTACHING TO REGION, DSW =',I4)
GOTO 500
WRITE (5,201) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR IN CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
GOTO ~i()()
WRITE (5,301) IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR DETACHING FROM REGION, DSW =',14)

CALL EXIT
END

108

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
3.

.TITLE
.IDENT
tENABL

1
2
:3

SNIIREF
lOll
; Enable lower case

l..C

4
I::·

Filf~

.....

LEX83A.MAC

Modified to send to a 2nd receiver RCVRF2 in
addition to RCVREF

7
B
9
1.0
11

;;EX
;;EX

LEX83A creates a 64-word (2 block) unnamed reSion and
fills it with ASCII characters. It then sends the
resion to RCVREF, and then waits for RCVREF to receive
the resion. (This is sisnalled b~ event fla~ t:1..) It
then prints a messaSe and exits. Since the area is
unnamed, it is automaticall~ deleted when the last
attached task exits.

12
13

14
:1.5
16
1.7

:I.B

Assemble and task-build instructions:

1.9
>MACF~O/L. 1ST

20
21
2:;::

LB: [1,1. JPR.OGMACS/L IBRARY" dev: [ufdJ-; ; EX

~~>LEX83A

>LINK/MAP/OPTION L.EX83A,LB:(1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
OF·tion'? WNDWS::::1.

2:3

24
::.~~j

; ....

Install and run instructions:· RCVREF must be installed.
LEX83B must be installed as RCVRF2. Run LEX83A first,
then run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (either one first)
QIOW$C,QIOW$S,RQST$C ; S~stem macros
WTSE$C,EXIT$S,RDBBK$,WDBBK$
CRRG$S,CRAW$SpSREFSC
DIRERR
SUPplied macro
BEX
; SUPPRESS DATA

~MCAL..I...
• MCALI. .
.MCALL.
• MeAI... 1...
;.NI... JST

34
35

Define resion with:

30
3:L

32~-WfJRn

BLOCKS

:·57

Nam€~

_. rlor.E'

~~B

Partition
Protection

GEN
- WO:none,GR:RWED
OW: I~WED, SY: none

39
40

;

Attach on create
Read and write access desired on attach

42
4:3
44

RPI:~O

F~STAT

.... 170()17
= RS.ATT!RS.REti!RS.WRT

45
4t)

109

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
4B

49
50
~S :L

52
53
54
55
56

Define window with:
APR
Size
Offset in region
l.ength to map

WSTAT

-- :~

32-word blocks
32-word blocks
-- 0 32-word blocks (defaults
to smaller of region
size and window length)
Map on create with read and write access
:::: WS.MAF'!WS.WRT
= 0

58
59

WDB:
;

60
61
62
63
64
65

MESl:

61.1
67
f.18

69
70
71

72
73

74
75
76
77

78
79

SO
8l.

82
8:~

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93

94
95

96
9'7
98

.ASCII / LEX83A HAS CREATED THE REGION AND HAS/
.ASCII / SENT IT TO RCVREF AND RCVRF2./ ;;EX
::::.-MESl
LMES1
MES2:
.ASCII / RCVREF AND RCVRF2 HAVE RECEIVED IT./;;EX
.ASCII / LEX83A IS NOW EXITING./
;;EX
•..- MES2
LMES2
.LIST
BEX
Show binarw extensions
.EVEN
.ENABL LSB
Enable local swmbol
blocks
START: eRRG$S tRDB
Create and attach to
region
BCS
1$
; Branch on dir error
MOV
RDBfR.GID,WDBfW.NRID ; Copw region ID
into WDB
;
CRAW$S tWDB
Create and map window
BCS
2$
Branch on dir error
MOV
WDBfW.NBAS,RO
base V.A. of region
; Fill region with all MiS
MOV
t64.,R3
count of words to move
20$:
MOV
t·MM,(RO)+
Move in an ASCII M
SOB
R3,20$
Loop through region
Send the region to RCVREF. EF 1 will be set when
RCVREF recieves it
SREF$C RCVREF,WDB,l
Send b~ reference to
RCVREF
Bes
3$
Branch on dir error
SREF$C RCVRF2,WDB,3
Send bw reference ;;EX
to RCVRF2
;;EX
BCS
7$
; Branch on dir error;;EX
QIOW$C IO.WVB,5,2",,{MES1,LMES1,40>; Displaw
; message
Bes
4$
Branch on dir error
WTSE$C 1
Wait for RCVREF to get
the region
BCS
5$
Branch on dir error
WTSE$C 3
Wait for RCVRF2 to ;;EX
get the resion
;;EX
Bes
8$
Branch on dir error;-;EX

110

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

99
100
101
102
103
104
105

1$:

[lIREF~R

2$:

1()6

:3$:

107
lOB
109
110
111
112

4$:

ItIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR

:I.
2

aIOW$C
Bes
EXIT$S
; Er rc)r code

5'$ :

ItH~ERR

6$:

DIRERR
DIRERR
DIRERR
.END

l~;:

8!1; :

IO.WVB,5,2",,<MES2,LMES2,40> ; Dis)~'lay
;
message
6$
Branch on dir er'T'OT'
ENit
<E:I:::ROR ON CREATE OR ATTACH I:::EGION>
<EI:;:f,()li ON CREATE OR MAP WINDOW>
<ERROR ON SEND BY I:;:EFERENCE>
<ERf,OF: ON 1ST WRITE>
<EliROR ON WAIT FOR>
<ERROR ON 2ND WRITE>
<ERROR ON 2ND SEND BY REFERENCE>
<ERROR ON 2ND WAIT FOR>
START

PROGRAM SNDREF

C F i 1 €~ L.EX83A. FTN

C
C
C
C
C

7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
1':'
....J
:1.6

17
1.8

19
20
21
22
2:3
24

25
26
27

28
29
30
31
32
33

; ;EX
; ;EX

Modified to send the region by reference to RCVRF2 ! !EX
in addition to RCVREF
! !EX

This program creates a 64-word unnamed resion and
fills it with ASCII characters. It then sends it bw
refer~nce to task RCVREF, and waits for RCVREF to
C receive the resion.(This is signalled bw event flag
SNDREF then prints a message and exits. Since
C tl.)
C the area is unnamed, it is automaticallw deleted when
C the last attached task exits.
C
C Task-build instructions:
C
>LINK/MAP/CODE:FPP/OPTIONS LEX83A,LB:C1,lJFO-! !EX
C
-)ROTS/LIBRARY
, !EX
C
OF,tion'? WNDWS=l
C
Option? VSECT=DATA:160000:200
C
Option"t <RET>
C
C

Install and run instructions: RCVREF must be installed.
, 'EX
C Run LEX83A first, then run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (in '!EX
C either order)
("

C LEX83B must be installed under the name RCVRF2.

C
C
C

= Resion definition block with the following
2 32'-word blocks
nor.e
GEN

Si;~e

C
C

Name
Parti ticm
Protection

36
37

C
C
C

GR:none
Attach on creation
Read and write access desired or. attach

RDB

III

'Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

39
40
41

42
43
44
45

c
c
c
c

c
c

WDB = Window definition block with the followin~
properties:
'7
APR
Size
2 32-word blocks
Offset in resion 0 32-word blocks
Length of resion 2 32-word blocks
Map on create with write access

INTEGEF: ~~DB(8) ,WDB(8) ,RCV(2) ,RCV2(2)
! 'EX
C This common block will alisn with the address window
COMMON IDATA/IDATA(64)
C Initialize the RDB
DATA RDB/O,'2,0,0,3RGEN,3R
,'43,'1700171
C Initialize the WDB
DATA WDB/ ' 3400,0,'2,0,0,'2,'202,01
C Name of receiver task
DATA RCV/3RRCV,3RREFI
DATA RCV2/3RRCV,3RRF21
! !EX
C Cod€~
CALL CRRG(RDB,IDS)
, Create re~ion
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 100 ! Check for error
WDB(4)=RDB(l)
! Move re~ion id to WDB
CALL CRAW(WDB,IDS)
! Create window
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200 , Check for error
C Fill resion with data
no 10 1:::1,64
10
IDATA(I)='MM'
C Send-bY-reference to receiver task, set event flag 1
C when received
CALL SREF(RCV,l,WDB,vIDS)
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 400 ! Check for error
C Send-bY-reference to 2nd receiver, RCVRF2, use event! !EX
C fles 2
, !EX
CALL SREF(RCV2,2,WDB"IDS)
"EX
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GO TO 450 ! Check for error
! !EX
TYPE *,' LEX83A HAS CREATED THE REGION AND HAS
1 SENT IT TO RCVREF AND RCVRF2.' ! Displa~
! !EX
c
lJIessa~e !! EX
CALL WAITFR(l,IDS)
, Now wait for reception
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 500 , Check for error
CALL WAITFR(2,IDS)
, Wait for RCVRF2 to ! !EX
c
receive
, !EX
!
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 550 , Check for error
, !EX
TYPE *,' RCVREF AND RCVRF2 HAVE RECEIVED IT.
lLEX83A IS NOW EXITING.' ! Write message
! 'EX
GOTO 600
! And ~o exit

48
49
50
51

52
~;:.3

~54

55
56

57
~:;8

60
61
62
6~:S

64
6~;

61.>
67
(.>8

69
70
71
72
73

74
7~5

76
77

78
79
80
81

82
8~5

112

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

85
86
87
8B

89
90
91
<y'2
9~~

94
95
96
97
98
99

tOO
101
102
103
104
105
106

2
3

C E rT'or hnndling code
WfnTE (5,110)1[18
100
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING REGION, DSW - ',14)
110
GO TO 600
2()()
WRITE (5,210)IDS
210
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING WINDOW, D8W = ',14)
GOTO 600
WI:;:ITE (5,410) IDS
400
410
FORMAT (' ERROR IN SEND-BY-REFERENCE, DSW = ',14)
GOTO 600
4!:"jO
WRITE (5,460)ID9
460
FORMAT (' ERROR IN 2ND SEND-BY-REFERENCE, DSW
1 = " 14)
! ! EX
GOTO 600
! !EX
WRITE (5,510)IDS
500
, , 14)
5:1.0
FORMAT (' ERROR ON WAIT, DSW
GOTO 600
! !EX
~j~50
WRITE (5,560)IDS
! !EX
560
FORMAT (' ERROR ON 2ND WAIT, DSW - ',14)
! !EX
C

600

CALL EXIT
END

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABl.

l.EX83B
/01/
l.C

Enable lower case

File lEX83B.MAC

7
8
9
10
1~

12
13

Second reciever for SNDREF (modifed to lEX83A).
Program to receive-bw-reference (mapped on creation),
modifw the first data byte in the region,
read ASCII data from the region, detach from the
region and exit. The region will be deleted on last
detach.

14
15

The first word in the region contains the count of the
number of bytes of data in the region.

16
17

Assemble and task build instructions:

:1.8

19
20
21
22

>MACRO/l.IST lB:[1,1JPROGMACS/LIBRARY,dev:[ufdJ
-}LEX83B
l.INK/MAP/OPTIONS lEX83B,LB:[1,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY
option? WNDWS=l

113

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION
23

Install and run instructions: RCVREF must be installed.
LEX83B must be installed as RCVRF2. Run LEX83A first
and then run RCVREF and RCVRF2 (in either order).

EX I TSS 1',WDBB/"$,, F~REFS ; E~·:tE~ rna:l. ~)~l:';' t€~1TI
QIOWSS,CRAWSl'DIRS
; macros
DIRERRl'IOERR
External supplied
macrc)s
Define window with:
• MCAJ... L
• MCAI...L
• MCAI... /...

.... 7

AF'f~

40
41
42

- 200(8) (32. word· block~)
These are filled in on receive as set b~ sender:
Offset in reSion - 0 (32. word blocks)
Len~th in reSion - 0 (32. word blocks)
reset after mappin~
Access
0
; Note: Must map separately (or as part of receive)
WDS:
WDBBKS 7,2
;

4~:S

F~EC:

RREFS

WIN:

cr,;:,~w~~

4::5

I OSS :

• BI... J<W

,.)

46
47
48

BTA/:rr:

DIR~~

:fl:WIN

BCB
BIS

49
~)O

~.)1

DIRS
~53

BCB
MOV

54
55

Bet UP DPB for RREF$
Set UP DPB for CRAWS
I /() ~:; tatlols b:l. oc/-=.

WDB
WDB
A·~

Create virtual address
window
ERR1
; Branch on error
#WS.MAPl'WDBtW.NSTS ; Set WDB to map on
; T'eCf.:' i ve
Receive b~ reference
and ITI;:~F'
ERR2
Branch em er'rOT'
:JI: 160000 l' R!:j
Set base address in

:56

N?~ficm

.MOV
MUL
MOV

~)7

~5B

WDBtW. NLEN l' R:3
f.64. , R3
:fI:' 9" (R!S)

Size of resion to R3
Convert blocks to b~tes
Modify first data byte

E/:;:R3

; datc~
Branch on directive

60
CHOWSS

6:1.

BCS

f.~rr'c)r

18TB
JOSB
. BL TE/:;:/:~4
EXITSS

6~)

66
6·7
b8

; Error'

co(h~

Ef~I=\::/. :

J::J=;:/:~2 :

II I F~ER/:;:
IITHER/:;:

7:L
72
73

E/=\:R:3:
ERI=\:4:

IIIF~ERH

IOEI=\:/:;:

.END

Check for I/O error
HNmch on (~~rrC)f·

(ERROR CREATING VIRTUAL ADDRESS WINDOW>
(ERROR ON RECEIVE AND MAP)
(ERROR ON WRITE DID)
iIOSB,(ERROR ON WRITE QIO)
START

114

Dynamic Regions
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEX83B

C File LEX83B.FTN

5
6

C LEX83B receives by reference a re~ion from the task
C LEX83A.
It maps to the reSion, modifies the first
C b~te, prints out the contents, and exits. The re.ion
C is deleted on last detach.
C
C Task-build instructions: Include these options
C
WNDWS=l
C
VSECT=DATA:160000:20000
C
C Install and run instructions: LEX83B must be installed.
C as RCVRF2 RCVF.:EF must be ins ta 11 ed.. Run LEX83A f i-rs t ,
C then run LEX83B and RCVREF (in either orde~).

7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14
:L ~5

:17

C WDe = Window definition block with:
C
APR
7
C
Size
200(8) 32-word blocks
C
Allow for full APR
C
Offset in re.ion 0 32-word blocks
Lensth of reSion 0 32-word blocks (to be filled
C
in on receive)
C
C
Read and write access
INTEGEIi: WDB(8)
DATA WDB/·3400,0,·2,0,0,·0,·3,01
BYTE DATA(128)
C This common block will aliSn with the address window
COMMON IDATA/DATA

~51.

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

C Create address window--do not map at this time
CALL CRAW(WDB,IDS)
C Check for error on create
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 200
C Now set WDB status for mappin.--will be done by

19
20
21

22
23
24
26
27
28
29

49
:::jO

receive-b~-reference

WDB(7)=WDB(7)t·200
C Receive data and map
CALL RREF(WDB"IDS)
C Check for error
IF (IDS .LT. 0) GOTO 100
C Modif~ first value
DATA(1)='9'
C Calculate number of bytes of data - lenSth in blocks
C returned at WDB(6)
NCHAR = 64*WDB(6)
WRITE(5,10) (DATA(I),I=l,NCHAR)
10
FORMAT (' ',64Al)
C Go eHit
GOTO 300

115

Dynamic Regions
.SOLUTION

~5::~

~i3

100

54
55
56

1.10

5"7

200
210
3()0

E T' ro r

1T1I~"ssages

WRITE(5,11.0)IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR ON RECEIVE-BY-REFERENCE, DSW =',14)
GOTO 300
WRITE(5,210)IDS
FORMAT (' ERROR CREATING WINDOW, DSW =',14)
CALL EXIT
END

116

File 1/0
TEST I EXERCISE
1.

Next to each activity, write 0 for open, I for I/O operation,
or C for close,
to
identify which step of file I/O is
involved.
a.

Records are read from the file.

Access rights to the file are checked.

Existing file is located on disk.

Internal buffers are placed in a pool for re-use.

Records are written to a file.

Describe three functions performed by the Files-II ancillary
control processor
(FIIACP)
when a task creates a new file
containing seven blocks.

117

File 1/0
TEST IEXERCISE
3.

For each of the following, tell whether FCS only, RMS only, or
both can be used for file I/O.
If both can be used, identify
which you would prefer and why.
a.

A teacher has a file with one record for each student.
The students are identified by student number (1 - 100).
Each record contains the student's test scores
(space is
reserved for 10 scores) and his average.
The instructor
adds new test scores and updates the averages as he gives
tests.
In addition, he wants t~ access any student's test
scores and test average using the student number.

118

File 1/0
TEST I EXERCISE
b.

A company uses COBOL for
its applications.
It has a
payroll file which is processed in order every two weeks.

119

File I/O
SOLUTION
I .

Next to each activity, write 0 for open, I for I/O operation,
or C for
close,
to
identify which step of file I/O is
involved.
I

Records are read from the file.

Access rights to the file are checked.

Existing file is located on disk.

Internal buffers are placed in a pool for re-use.

Records are written to a file.

Describe three functions performed by the Files-II ancillary
control processor
(FIIACP)
when a
task creates anew file
containing seven blocks.
Any three of the following:
Allocate a file header
Initialize the file header
Set up file retrieval pointers
Create a directory entry
Allocate blocks to the file
Connect a task's LUN to the file

121

File 1/0
SOLUTION
3.

For each of the following, tell whether Fes only, RMS only, or
both can be used for file I/O. If both can be used, identify
which you would prefer and why.
a.

A teacher has a file with one record for each student.
The students are identified by student number (1 - 100).
Each record contains the student's test scores (space is
reserved for 10 scores) and his average. The instructor
adds new test scores and updates the averages as he gives
tests. In addition, he wants to access any student's test
scores and test average using the student number.
Either FCS or RMS may be preferred.
Fes
•

Easier to program (in MACRO-II)

•

Less overhead (although very close if using a relative
file rather than an indexed file)

•

File must have fixed length records
numbers corresponding to student numbers

with

record

RMS
•

If a relative file is used, can automatically skip
over deleted records (if student leaves or drops the
course)

•

In FORTRAN, no harder to program

•

Not much overhead for a relative file

•

File must be
records, with
numbers

a relative file with fixed length
cell numbers corresponding to student

122

File I/O
SOLUTION
b.

A company has a file of customer records.
Each record
contains the company name,
the address,
the contact
person, and the equipment bought. At different times, the
records are accessed using company name, city, or contact
person.
Best answer
is RMS only since an
indexed file with
multiple keys is needed for fastest access.
Fes can be
used, but access by key value is impossible.
You would
have to step through the file, checking all records, to
locate the one you want.

A company uses COBOL for
its applications.
It has a
payroll file which is processed in order every two weeks.
RMS only;
FCS.

COBOL is supported under

123

RMS,

but

not

under

File Control Services
TEST IEXERCISE
1.

Modify CRESEQ so that each record in the
file
contains
text input from the terminal preceded by "AAAA".

the

Write a task that appends records to a file you have created
(using one of the FCS example programs or the editor).

In MACRO-II, modify the task CREFXA so
that
input from
terminal uses FCS routines instead of QIO directives.

Write a task that requests input from a terminal of the form:

the

n, text
Use the input to update the nth record of FIXED.ASC, which has
fixed
length
records.
Use random access and do not truncate
the file.

In MACRO-II, modify the task BLOCK1 or BLOCK2
writes or displays two virtual blocks at a time.

(Optional) In MACRO-II,
modify the task CSI
so that the
subroutines DISPLY and DELETE actually display and delete the
file.
Caution:
DELET$ delete the highest version of a
file
if no version number
is specified.
(See Chapter 6 of the
IAS/RSX I/O Operations Reference Manual for information about
the routines GCML and CSI.)

125

that

File Control Services
SOLUTION
1.

• TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL..

t
2
~5

CRESE(~

IO:J.I

L..C

File LEX101.MAC

Modified to preced each record with AAAA

8
9

CRESEQ creates a file VARI.ASC. It reads
records from TI:, and places them in the file.
A -z terminates input and closes the file.

11
12

Assemble and task-build instructions:

13
14
15
16

MACRO/LIST LB:Cl,lJPROGMACS/LIBRARYvdev:CufdJoo~>CRESEt~

LINK/MAP CRESEQ,LB:rl,lJPROGSUBS/LIBRARY

18
19

20
21

22
::~3

• MCAL.L
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

EXSTSC,QIOWSC,QIOWS,DIRS ; System macros
FSRSZS,FDBDFS,FDATSA,FDRCSA,FDOPSA ~
NMBLKS,OPENSW,PUTS,CL.OSES ;
DIRERR,IOERR,FCSERR ; SUPplied macros

FSRSlS

24
2~)

;

file for record 1/0

26
27

28
29

Define file descriptor block for VARI.ASC
FDBDFS
FDATSA

R.VAR,FD.CR

FDRCSA

,BUFF

FDOPSA

1"FNAME

FNAME:

NMBLKS

VARI,ASC

; Local
BUFF:
INBUF:
lOST:

Data
.ASCII
.BLKB
.BLKW

IAAAAI
80.

FDB:

~5()

;051
3'0)
..:..
33
34

Allocate the FDB
Variable lenSth records,
Listin~ implied
carria~e return, line
feed
SeGuential access and
reeo I'd 110 by
default, BUFF is
user record buffer
Use LUN 1, file spec
at FNAME
·VARI.ASC·

3~5

36
37
38
39
4()

41
4':)
43
44

45
46
47
48

.LIST
.EVEN

BEX

.ENABL.

LSB

USER RECORD BUFFER
• ;

127

lID STATUS BLOCK

;;EX
; ; EX

File Control Services
SOLUTION

:52

53
54
55
56
57
58
~59

62
63

64
65

66
67
68
69
"10
71

72
73
74
75
76

77
78

START:
Open file for write, call ERR1 if open fails
OPENSW tFDB"""ERRl
; Get record from terminal, put to file.
lOS:
QIOWSC IO.RVBy5,1"IOST,,(INBUF,BO.};
;;EX
BCS
ERR2D
Branch on directive
error'
TSTH
lOST
Check for 1/0 error
ERR2I
Branch on 1/0 error
B~T
IOST+2yFU
MOV
Number of b~tes input
AnD
t4,Rl
Add 4 for 4 A's
;;EX
PUTS
Put record to file
tFDB"R1
BCS
ERR3
BR
lOS
GET NEXT I:~ECORD
EXIT:

CLOSES
EXSTS.c

tFDB,ERR4
EXSSUC

.SBTTL

ERROR HANDLER

Error code - Close file if necessarw, displaw error
messaSe and exit
ERR1:
ERR2D:
ERR2I:

FCSEF~R

DIRERR
CMPB
BEG

BO
IOERR

8l.
82

83
84

ERR3:

ERR4:

Close file
EXIT STATUS IS 1

CLOSES
FCSERR
FCSERR
.END

tFDB,,(ERROR OPENING FILE)
(DIRECTIVE ERROR ON READ)
; Is it "'Z"~
tIE.EOF,IOST
; If e~ual, close file
EXIT
and e~·dt
tIOST,(ERROR ON READ} ; Displa~ error
messaSe and €~\}.~ it
tFDB,ERR4
; Close file
#FDB,(ERROR WRITING RECORD)
tFDB,(ERROR CLOSING FILE)
START

128

File Control Services
SOLUTION

1
2

3
4

PROGRAM CRESEQ

!CREATE FILE SEQUENTIALLY

C FILE LEX10l.FTN
C Modified to precede each record with AAAA

6
7
8
9

10
11
12
1. :~
14
15

! !EX

C This task creates a file of VARI.ASC of
C variable-lensth records usinS seGuential record access.
C The records are input from the terminal and copied to
C the file.
The process stops when the operator t~pes
C CTRL/Z at the terminal.
C

BYTE BUFF(84),INBUF(SO)
EQUIVALENCE (BUFF(5),INBUFX1»
INTEGER LEN
DATA BUFF(1),BUFF(2),BUFF(3),BUFF(4)

! ! EX
! ! EX

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

C
C

C OPEN FILE
C

C Default access is seGuential
C Default is formatted I/O for seGuential files
C

OPEN

26
27

:to

TYPE
*,'TYPE IN TEXT, TERMINATE EACH RECORD
1 WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN'
TYPE
*,'TERMINATE INPUT WITH A CTRL/Z'

29
30
~51

32
33

C Loop
10
11

34
35

36
37

40
41
42
43

(UNIT=l,NAME='VARI.ASC',TYPE='NEW',
CARRIAGECONTROL='LIST')

READ C5,11,END=1.00) LEN,INBUF
FORMAT (Q,80A1.)

I:::ead reco T'd! ! EX

LEN ::: LEN+4

Add 4 fe)J' A's
! !EX
Write record
to file

WRITE (1,12) (BUFFCI),I=1,LEN)
FORMAT (SOA1)
GO TO 10
C Close file and exit
100
CLOSE
(UNIT=l)
CALL EXIT
END

129

File Control Services
SOLUTION
2.

.TITLE
.IIIENT
.ENABl.

1
2
3

LEX102
/01/
LC

Enable lower case

5
6

File LEX102.MAC

LEX102 appends records to the end of the file
TEST.FIL, ~ettin~ the input from TI:. TEST.FIL
contains variable len~th records and can be
created usin~ the editor. A -Z terminates input
and closes the file.

8
9

10
11
12

; ._.

14
15

.MCALL

EXSTSC,QIOWSC,OIOWS,DIRS

16
17
18
19

.MCALL
.MCALL
• MCAl.L

FSRSZS,FDBDFS,NMBLKS
FDRCSA,FIIATSA,FDOPSA
OPENSA,PUTS,CLOSES

lOST:
PRINT:
BUFF:
OBUFF.:

.NLIST
.BLKW
OIOW$
.BLKB
.BLKB

HEX
2

26
27

ARG:

.BLKW

28
29

EFDOIO:
EFIOIO:
EFCIIIR:
EFCSIO:

• ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ

User record buffer
Output buffer for
error' lTIe~;~;ages
1
Ar~ument block for
; SEIIMSG
/DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 010. ERROR COIlE = %II./
11/0 ERROR ON 010. ERROR CODE - %D.?
/FCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. ERROR CODE = %D./
1FCS I/O ERROR CODE. ERROR CODE - %D.?

3:5
:'l4
35

.EVEN
.LIST

BEX

Show offsets

~~6

FSRSZS

1 file for record I/O

FDBIrFS
FDRCSA
FDOPSA
NMBl.KS

,BUFF,80.
1"FILE
TEST,FIL

File descriptor block
User buffer and size
use LUN 1
TEST.FIL

.ENABL

LSB

START:

OPENSA

tFDB"""ERRl

lOS:

MOV
MOV
MOVB
SOB

t80.,Rl
tBUFF,R2
t' ,(R2>t
Rl,20S

2l
22
23

24
25

37
38
39

FIIB:

40
41
42

FILE:

; SUPF,ress ASCII
; 010 status block

IO.WVB,5~1",,<OBUFF,0,40>

80.
80.

45
46
47
48
49

20S:

130

OPEN for append; if
open fails, CALL ERR1
Si ze c)f URB
Add r of UF~B
Blank fill record
so no ~arbage fill

File Control Services
SOLUTION
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
9=5

94
95
96
97
98
99

OKlO:

MOV
PUTS
BR

IO.RVB,5,1"IOST,,(BUFF,80.); Read a
line from TI:
; Branch on [Ii T'ective ok
IIIROK
tEFIOIO,R1
Set UP for SEDMSG
tSDSW,R2
SHOERR
Branch to show er'ror
and eNit
lOST
Check for 1/0 error'
OKlO
Branch if 1/0 ok
tIE.EOF,IOST
Check for EOF
If EO, close and eNi-t.
EXIT
IOST,RO
liD statlJs is sign
eNtended and F,laced
in argument block
RO,ARG
for SE[IMSG call
tARG,R2
Set IJP for SEIIMSG call
tEFDQIO,R1
SHOERR
Branch to show error
and e}·dt
Length of T'ecord to Rl
I08Tt2,R1
tFDB"R1,ERR2
Write ne}·,t record
lOS
Get ne}·,t record

EXIT:

CLOSES
Be8
EX8TSC

tFDB
ERR3
EXSSUC

OIOWSC
BCC
MOV
MOV
BR
IIIROK:

TSTB
BGT
CMF'B
BEO
MOVB
MOV
MOV
MOV
BR

Close file
BT'anch on FCS erT'or
E}dt with ~;tatIJs of 1

; Error Processing
ERR1:
ERR2:
F.ERRt1(RO)
TSTB
ERR3:

BEQ
MOV
10:

BR
MOV

FINSET: MOVB
MOV
MOV
SHOERR: MOV
CALL
MOV
DIRS
CLOSES
EXSTSC
tEND

Directive error or .IIO
error
10
Branch on 1/0 error'
tEFCDIR,R1
Set 'JP for SEDMSG,
directive error
FINSET
Branch to finish setw~~
tEFCSIO,R1
Set IJP for SEDMSG, 1/0
error
F.ERR(RO),RO
FCS error code
;
RO,ARG
is sign eNtended and
placed in arg block
tARG,R2
SEIIMSG argument block
tOBUFF,RO
OUtPIJt blJffer
SE[lMSG
Format error message
Rl,PRINTtO.IOPLt2 ; Size of message
Print e r T'O r' message
tPRINT
Close file
tFIIB
E}dt, with stcd~'Js; of .:..
EXSERR
START
'")

131

File Control Services
SOLUTION

PROGRAM LEXI02

C FILE LEX102.FTN

4
5

6
7
8
9

10
11

C This task appends records to the file TEST.FIL.
C The records are input from the terminal and copied to
C the file.
The process stops when the operator twpes
C CTRL/Z at the terminal.
C TEST.FIL contains variable lensth records and can
C be created usins the editor.

C
BYTE BUFF(SO)
INTEGER LEN

12
13

14
15
16

C
C
C OPEN FILE

18
19
20
21

C Default access is seQuential
C Default is formatted I/O for seQuential files
C

OPEN

22
23
24
25

TYPE
*,'TYPE IN TEXT, TERMINATE EACH RECORD
1 WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN'
TYPE
*,'TERMINATE INPUT WITH A CTRL/Z'

26
27
28
29
30

:.Sj,

32
3:~

34
35

36
37

(UNIT=l,NAME='TEST.FIL',TYPE='OLD',
CARRIAGECONTROL='LIST',ACCESS='APPEND')

C Loop
10
11

READ (S,11,END=100) LEN,BUFF
FORMAT (Q,80A1)

Rf~ad

T'eco T'd

WRITE (1,12) (BUFF(I),I=1,LEN)
FORMAT (SOAl)
GO TO 10
C Close file and exit
100
CLOSE
(UNIT=1)
CALL EXIT
END
12

132

Write record
to file

File Control Services
SOLUTION
3.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

CREFXA
lOLl

Enable lower "caSE~

;t
File LEX103.MAC
Modified to use FCS instead of GIO's to set ;;EX
input from TI:
;;EX
CREFXA opens FIXED.ASC for write, inputs records
from TI: and puts them seGuentiall~ to the file.
A ~z terminates input and closes the file.

.MCALL

EXSTSC,GIOWSC,GIOWS,DIR$

16
17
18
19
20
21

.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

FSRSZS,FDBDFS,NMBLKS
FDRCSA,FDATSA,FDOPSA
OPENSW,GETS,PUTS,CLOSES
OPEN$R

.NLIST

RSIZ
lOST:
PRINT:
BUFF:
OBUFF:

.BLKW
GIOW$
.BLKB
.BLKB

ARG:

.BLKW

EFDGIO:
EFIGIO:
EFCDIR:
EFCSIO:

.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ

; Suppress ASCII
; Record size (b~tes)
; GIO status block
2
IO.WVB,5,1",,<OBUFF,O,40>
RSIZ
"; User record buffer
80.
Output buffer for
error messages
1
Arsument block for
$EIIMSG
IDIRECTIVE ERROR ON GIO. ERROR :CODE = XD.I
1110 ERROR ON GIO. ERROR CODE = XD.1
IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. ERROR CODE = XD.I
1FCS 1/0 ERROR CODE. ERROR CODE = XD.1

.EVEN
.LIST

BEX

Show offs(-?ts

FSRSZS

2 files for record I/O

,')'")

.:....:..

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
3()
31
32
33
34

= 30.

BEX

~55

:36

3'7
38
39
4()
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

;; EX
FDB:

FILE:

FDBDF$
FDRCSA
FDATSA
FDOPSA
NMBLKS

File descriptor block
,BUFF,RSIZ
; User buffer and size
R.FIX,FD.CR,RSIZ; Fixed lensth records,
implied <CIi:><LF>
use LUN 1
1"FILE
FIXED,ASC
FIXED.ASC

133

File Control Services
SOLUTION

49
50
51
52
53

; FOB for TI:
FOBI:
FOBOF$
FDRC$A

FDAT$A

R.VAR,FO.CR

FDOF'$A

2,DSF'TI

• WORD
.WORII

LDEV,DEV
0,0

.WORD

0,0

,BUFF,30.

URB addr and size, ;;EX
defalJl ts to
seGuential access ;;EX
Fixed lensth records,;;EX
implied <CR><LF>
;;EX
Use LUN 2, dataset
descriptor at DSPTI;;EX
Device
;;EX
UIC - not needed for;;EX
; ; EX
TI:
; ; EX
F i 1 e Name -- not
; ;EX
needed for TI:
; ; EX
ASCII device
; ; EX
; ; EX

55
56

57
58

DSF'T I :

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

DEV:

.ASCII ITI:I
lDEV=.-DEV
.EVEN
.ENABL LSB

START:

OPEN$W

70
71
72
73

74
75
76

77
78
79

80
81
82
8~5

84
85

86
87
88

89
90

91
92
93
94
95
96

OPEN$R

; OPEN; if open fails,
CALL ERI:;:l
OPEN ·file· on TI:
tFDBI"""ERRl
for read
tFDB"""ERRl

MOV
MOV
MOVB
SOB
GET$
BCC
TSTB

tRSIZ,Rl
tBUFF,R2
t ~ , (R2) +
Rl,20$
tFDBI
OKlO
F.ERR+l(RO)

CLOSEt
BCS
CLOSEt
BCS
EXST$C

tFDB
ERR3
tFDBI
ERR4
EX$SUC

Size of URB
Addr of URB
Blank fill record
so no sarbase fill
Get T'eco rd from T I: ;; EX
Branch on GET$ ok
;;EX
1/0 error or
;;EX
directive error?
;;EX
Branch on directive ;;EX
BNE
DIRERR
;
error
;;EX
; Sta~ here for 110 error. Check for ~Z.
;;EX
IOERR: CMPB
tIE.EOF,F.ERR(RO); Check for EOF
;;EX
BEa
EXIT
If EO, close and exit;;EX
BR
10
It is an 110 error, ;;EX
so displ.a~ err'or
messaSe and exit
PUT$
OKlO:
Write next record
tFDB",ERR2
10$
Get next record
BR
EXIT:

Close file
Branch on FCS error
Close ·file at TI: ;;EX
Branch on FeS error
Exit with status of 1
R

134

File Control Services
SOLUTION
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
1()6
107
108
1()9
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

; Error Processing
ERR1:
ERR2:
ERR3:
ERF:4 :
TSTB
F.ERR+l(RO)

BEQ
DIRERR: MOV
10:

BR
MOV

FINSET: MOVB
MOV
MOV
SHOERR: MOV
CALL
MOV
DIRS
CLOSES
CLOSES
EXST$C
.END

Directive error or I/O
error
10
Brarlch on I/O error
tEFCDIR,Rl
Set U? for SEDMSG, ;;EX
directive f.~ T' ro r
FINSET
Brcmch to finish setuf~
Set U? for SEDMSG, I/O
tEFCSIO"Rl
error
F.ERR(RO),RO
FCS error code
RO,ARG
is siSn eNtended c:md
tARG,R2
?laced in aT'S block
$EDMSG arsulTlent block
tOBUFF,RO
Out?ut buffeT'
SEItMSG
Forlrlat error lTIessi3~:1e
Rl,PRINT+Q.IOPL+2 ; Size 01> lTIessc~Se
tPRINT
Print eT'T'or lTIeSSc~ge
tFDB
Close file
tFItBI
Close -file- at TI: ; ;EX
EX$ERR
E~·~ i t, with status of 2
START

135

File Control Services
SOLUTION
4.

.TITLE
.IDENT
.ENABL

'")
,t..

3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
:1.3
1.4
15
16
17

LEXI04
lOll
LC

Enable lower case

File LEX104.MAC
This program opens the file FIXED.ASC and updates
records in the file usin~ random access. The original
file was created usins CREFXA
.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

FDBDF$,FDAT$A,FDRC$A,FDOP$A,OPENSU
EXIT$S,QIOW$C,QIOW$,QIOWSS,PUTSR
CLOSE$,FCSMC$

FCSMC$

Get most of the FCS
macros (FCSMCS has
.MCA~Ls for man~ FCS
macros

19
20
21
22
2~5

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

36
37
38
:39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

.NLIST

BEX

; Record size (in b~tes)
2
; liD status block
IO.WVB,5,1",,(OUT,0,40>
RSIZ
; user record buffer
IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR. CODE:::: %D.I
'FCS liD ERROR. CODE:::: %D.'
100.
~ Output message buffer
ITHAT'S ALL FOLKS!I
Message on success
completion
LEN1=.-BUFFl
ERRMSG: .BLKB
100.
Error messaSe buffer
MSGERF: .ASCIZ IDIRECTIVE ERROR, CODE:::: %DI
CNVER:
.ASCII ICONVERSION ERROR ON RECORD NUMBERI
LCNVER::::.-CNVER
INPT:
.ASCII IENTER RECORD NUMBER AND TEXT:I
LINPT=.-INPT
.EVEN

RSIl
lOST:
praNT:
BUFF:
EMESD:
EMESI:
OUT:
BUFF1:

=30.
.BLKW
QIOW$
.BLKB
.ASCIl
.ASCIZ
.BLKB
.ASCII

FSRSlS

1 file open for record

1/0

; FDB for file
FDB:
FDBDFS
;FDB
;FD.INS is needed to keep the EOF mark where it is
FDRC$A FD.INS!FD.RAN,BUFF,RSIZ; Random mode, URB
; addrs and size
Use LUN 1, default
FDOP$A 1"DFNB
filename block
Default name FIXED.ASC
NMBLK$ FIXED,ASC
DFNB:

136

File Control Services
SOLUTION

50
51

.ENABL

LSB

Of'EN$U

tFDB"""ERRl

Allow local symbols
to cross f'sect
boundaries

52
53
54
~;5

56
57
58
59
60
61

START:

Open file for update
;
(includes extend)
; Clear buffer to all blanks each time
10$:
MOV
tRSIZ,R1
Record size
MOV
tBUFF,R2
R2 => buffer
2()$:
MOVB
. ' ,(R2)+
Move in a blank
SOB
Continue until done

137

File Control Services
SOLUTION
102
103
104
lOS
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
11.5
116
117
1

COMME:

MOV
CALL
MOV
tlIR$
EXIT$S

tOUT,RO
Set UP for $EDMSG
$EDMSG
; Edit error messa~e
Rl,PRINT+0.IOPL+2 ; Len~th of error
;
mf?SSage
tPRINT
tlisplaw error message
EXIT

; Here for directive error on 010
MOV
tERRMSG,RO
Set UP for $EtlMSG
ERR4:
MOV
tMSGERF,Rl
MOV
t$DSW,R2
CALL
$EtlMSG
Edit meSSBge
OIOW$S tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tERRMSG,Rl,t40>
; tlisplaw message
; ENit
EXIT$S
.ENII
START

PROGRAM LEXI04

C File LEXI04.FTN

4
5

C
C This task updates records in the file FIXEtI.ASC using

6
7

C direct access formatted writes. The oriSinal file was
C created usins CREFXA.

9
1.0
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

C tlirect access formatted writes are available in
C FORTRAN IV-PLUS and FORTRAN-77 onlw
C
BYTE REC (30)
C
C Open file
OPEN (UNIT=2,NAME='FIXEtI.ASC',ACCESS='tlIRECT',
1 TYPE='OLtI',FORM='FORMATTEtI')
C Place blanks in buffer
10
tiD 15 J=1,30
REC(J)=' ,
15
CONTINUE
C Read record from terminal
WRITE (5,20)
20
FORMAT ('$ENTER RECORD NUMBER AND TEXT: ')
REAII (5,50,ENtI=900) REC
50
FORMAT (64Al)
C Convert record number to inte~er format
tlECODE
(2,60,REC) NREC
60
FORMAT (12)
C Write record to disk
WRITE (2'NREC,80) REC
80
FORMAT (30Al)
100
GOTO 10
C MZ input, close file and exit
900
CLOSE (UNIT=2)
CALL EXIT
ENtI

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

138

File Control Services
SOLUTION
5.

.TITLE
.I[tENT
.ENABL

3
4
5
6

10
11
12

Modified to work on 2 virtual blocks at a time ;;EX

**-BLOCK2 prompts at TI: for a virtual block number
and then reads and displays that block of 'BLOCK.ASC·

20
21
22
23
24
25

Enable lower case

;

14
15
:l6
17
18
19

File LEX105.MAC

7
8
9

BLOCK2
lOll

CR
LF
MES1.:
LENl
MES2:
LEN2
MES3I:
MES:3[t :
MES4I:
MES4[t:
MES5I:
MES5[t:
BUFF:

.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALL

QIOWS,[tIRS,QIOWSS,EXST$S
F[tB[tF$,F[tRC$A,F[tBKSA,F[tOP$A,NMBLKS
FSRSZS,OPENSR,REA[tS,WAITS,CLOSES

.SBTTL
.NLIST
=: 15
= 12
.ASCII

MESSAGES
BEX

IFIRST VIRTUAL BLOCK: I
MESI
.ASCII <CR><LF>/HERE ARE THE BLOCKS

•

I<CR><LF>

MES2

.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.ASCIZ
.BLKB

'1/0 ERROR FROM OPENSR, CO[tE = ~[t.'
IDIRECTIVE ERROR FROM OPENSR, CO[tE - ~D.I
'liD ERROR FROM READS, CODE - %D.'
I[tIRECTIVE ERROR FROM REA[t$, CODE - ~D.I
'1/0 ERROR FROM WAITS, CODE =: ~D.'
IDIRECTIVE ERROR FROM WAITS, CODE - %D.I
80.
; STORE RESPONSE HERE

BEX

.LIST
.EVEN
.SBTTL

LOCAL STORAGE

37
38

FSRSZS

F[tBDFS
FDRCSA
F[IBK$A

FDB FOR INPUT FILE
FD.RWM
; READIWRITE MODE
BLOCK,1024.,,1,IOSB ; EF 1, BUFFER ADR,;;EX
SIZE
1"FIlE
LUN 1, DFNB
BLOCK,ASC
NAME IS BLOCK.ASC

26
27

2B
29

30
31
32
33

34
35

NO FSR BUFFER NEEDED
FOR BLOCK 1/0

40
41
42
4~5

45
46
47

FILE:

FDOPSA
NMBLKS

VBN:
BLOCK:
IOSB:

.WORD
.BLKW
.BLKW

DEFAULT VBN
BLOCK BUFFER

512.
2

139

File Control Services
SOLUTION

51
52
53
54
55
56
57

PROMPT: GIOW$
DONE:

GIOW$

DUMP:

GIOW$

10.RPR,5,1"IOSB"{BUFF,6,,MES1,LEN1,'$)
; Prompt and ~et VB t
10.WVB,5,1",,{MES2,LEN2,40) ; Done
; messa~e
IO.WVB,5,1",,{0,64.,40> ; Displaw of VB

.SBTTL

MAINLINE CODE

OPEN$R
DIR$
MOV
CLRB
MOV
CALL
M()V
READ$
WAIT$
DIR$

OF,en 1'i Ie
tFDB""",ERR1
tPROMPT
Ask for a VBN
IOSBt2,RO
F'IJt null at end
BUFF(RO)
( ) f digit strin~
tBUFF,RO
RO => VBN
$COTB
Convert to binarw
R1,VBN+2
; Store as low VSN
tFDB",tVBN""ERR2 ; Read in the block
",ERR3
; Wait until done
tDONE
; Tell them 110 is done

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

START:

67
6EJ

69
70

71
72
73

Now dump 16. lines of 64. characters each

74
75
76
77

78
79

80
81
82

MOV
MOV

tBLOCK,RO
t16. , R1

MOV
DIR$
ADD
SOB

RO,DUMPtQ.IOPL
tDUMP
t64.,RO
R1,1$

Addr of current line
DumF' it
Point at next line
Dump all 8. lines

=) 1st line to dump
of lines to dump
;;EX

Now we exit with status - EX$SUC

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91

92
93

95
96
97

98
99

tOO

MOV
BR

tEX$SUC,R5
EXIT

.SBTTL

ERROR ROUTINES

TSTB

F.ERRt1(RO)
IOERR1
tMES3D,Rl
FCSERR
tMES3I,R1
FCSERR

1/0 or directive error?
Branch on 110 error
=) Dir error me5sa~e 3
Branch to common code
=) 110 error messa~e 3
Branch to common code

F.ERRtl(RO)
IOERR2
tMES4D,R:L
FCSERR

1/0 or
Branch
=) Dir
Branch

Put status in R5
And then eNit

ERR1:
BE(~

MOV
BR
IOERR1: MOV
BR
ERR2:
T8TB
BEQ
MOV
BR

140

directive error?
on 1/0 error
error messa~e 4
to common code

File Control Services
SOLUTION
101
102
103
104

105
106
107

108
109
110

111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123

IOERR2: MOV
BR
ERR3:
TSTB

tMES4I,Rl
FCSERR

=).

F.ERR+l(RO)
IOERR3
tMES5D,Rl
FCSERR
tMES5I,Rl

110 or di r~'ct,ive e l' rC)T'
Branch on lID error
=:;:. Dir error message 5
BrCEmch to common code
::::). 1/0 error message ,J
FALL INTO COMMON CODE

MOVB
MOV
MOV

F • ERR (RO ) , R2
R2,IOSB
tEX$ERR,R5

Sisn e~·~tend error code
and move into IOSB
ENit status in R5

MOV
MOV
CALL
QIOW$S

tIOSB,R2
tBUFF,RO
$EDMSG

Set UP for $EDMSG

BE(~

MOV
BR
IOERR3: MOV

1/0 error message 4
Branch to common codf?

FCSERR:

FORMAT:

tIO.WVB~t5rtl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
lTIessa~Je

EXIT:
CLOSE$
EXST$S
.END

tFDB
R5
START

Close the file
E}dt with status

141

Iti~:;.pla~

File Control Services
SOLUTION

.TITLE
.IIIENT
.ENABL

1
2

CSl
lOll
l.C

Enable lower case

.::'
,.J

File LEXI06.MAC

6
'7

Modified to actuall~ delete or displahl the file ;;EX

8
9

CSI illustrates th. use of the command strins
interpreter. This task accepts a command line from the
termihal in the form:

10
11.

12
dev:rx,~Jfilename.filetype;version/switch

:1.3

14
15

where switch can be:
DE - Delete file
DI:N - Displaw N copies of file

16
:1.7
18"

.MCALL
.MCALL
.MCALl.
.MCALL
• MCAl.L

20
:~ :t
~~3

24
25
26
27
28
29

30
:'5:L

32
:33

34
:35

36
37
38

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

GCMLB$,GCML$,CSI$,CSI$1,CSI$2
CSI$SV,CSI$SW,CSI$ND
FSRSZ$,FDBDF$,FDRC$A,FDOP$A,FINIT$
QIOW$S,QIOW$,DIR$,EXIT$S
DELETS,OPEN$R,OPEN$W,GET$,PUT$,Cl.OSE$

.NLIST BEX
l.OCAL DATA
TYP~l:
QIOW$
IO.WVB,5,1",,(ERR1,SIZ1,40>
IO.WVB,5,1",,(ERR2,SIZ2,40>
TYPE2: QIOW$
IO.WVB,5,1",,(ERR3,SIZ3,40>
TYPE3: QIOW$
; ;EX
IO.WVB,5,1",,(BUFF,,40>
TYPE4: QIOW$
.ASCII IGET COMMAND LINE ~RRORI
EF~Rl :
SIZ1::::. "-EF(Rl
.ASeII ICSI ERROR. Il.LEGAL COMMANDI
E'~R~~ :
SIZ2=.-ERR2
ERR3:
.ASCII ICSI ERROR~ FILE SPEC ERRORI
SIZ3= ..... ERR3
BUFF:
.BLKB
100.
; Output text buffer
TBUFF: • Bl.KB
132.
; Transfer buffer
FMT:
.ASCIZ IYOU HAVE REQUESTED A %7A JOBI
FMTERD: .ASCII IFCS DIRECTIVE ERROR ON 17A.I
;;EX
.ASCIZ I CODE:::: ID.I
;;EX
FMTERI: .ASCIZ 1FCS liD ERROR ON 17A. CODE:::: %D.1;;EX
.EVEN
Argument block
DATA:
.BLKW
2
DEL TXT: • ASCI I ItiELETE/(O>
ASC I I te~·~t
nITXT: .ASCII IDISPl.AYI
NOTXT: • ASCI! INOTHINGI
For close
CL TXT: .ASCI! ICLOSE/<O><O>
·.EVEN
;

142

File Control Services
SOLUTION

51
52
53

CBLK:

CSI$
.BLKB
.EVEN

Define CSI offsets
allocate CSl storage

C.SIZE

~)4

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

DEMSK = 1
DIMSK = 2
SWTBL:
CSI$SW
CSI$SW
CSI$ND

Delete mask
; Displaw mask
Switch descriptor table
DE,DEMSK
Delete switch - DE
DI,DIMSK""NUM
Displaw switch = DI,
also allow DI:N
End of switch table

OCTAL,COPY,2,NUM; Value N for IDI:N is
in octal and will
be stored in COpy
CSI$ND
End of switch value
table
;GET COMMAND LINE BLOCK DEFINITIONS
CSI$SV

70
71
72

FSRSZ$

GCML uses record

GBLK:

GCMLB$

,CSI,,5

FDB:

FDBDF$

Prompt with 'CSI' on
LUN 5
FDB for file to delete
or displaw.
URB AT TBUFF, length
132.
LUN 1, dataset
descriptor from CSI

74
75
76

77
78

FDOP$A

1,CBLK+C.DSDS

80
81
82
83

I/O~;EX

; NOTE: Need a 2nd FDB for displaw
FDBO:

85
86
87
88
89
90

DSPTO:

91
92
93

DEV:

FDBDF$
FDAT$A

R.VAR,FD.CR

FDRC$A

,TBUFF,132.

FDOP$A

2, rlSPTO

FDB for output to TI:;;EX
Var length records, ;;EX
list format
;;EX
URB at TBUFF, lensth;;EX
132.
;;EX
LUN 2, dataset
;;EX
descriptor at DSPTO ;;EX
Dataset descriptor ;;EX
for TI:. No UIC or ;;EX
name needed.
;;EX
;;EX
;; EX

.WORD
LDEV,DEV
.WORD
0,0
.WORD
0,0
.ASCII ITI:I
LDEV=.-DEV

95
96
97

.EVEN
JMPTBL: • WORD

98
99

100

COpy:

.WORD

NONE,DELETE,DISPLY ; Jump table for
subroutines depending
; on switches
; Value for N in IDI:N
1

143

File Control Services
SOLUTION

101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
:1.26
127

.ENABLE LSB
START:

FINIT$

GCML$

Initialize FCS, this
is normallw done with
an OPEN ~tatement.
For delete we do not
need an open statement.
Prompt and ~et command
Bra~ch if command OK

tGBLK
10$
; Check for .... Z. If ,."z, e~·dt.
tGE.EOF,GBLKtG.ERR ; Is it ~Z?
CMF'B
BNE
REALER
Branch on other error
EXIT$S
E~·dt
REALER: DIR$
Displaw error text for
:R:TYPE1
~et command line error
EXIT$S
Exit
; Parse input for illegal characte~s
10$:
CSI$1
tCBLK,GBLKtG.CMLDt2,GBLKtG.CMLD; Format
is CSI addr, addr of
command, length of
cOIT,mand
Bce
20$
Branch on OK command
DIR$.
tTYPE2
Displaw error text for
ille~al command
EXIT$S
E~·{i t

Bce

Create a dataset descriptor from the file specification

:t2B

129
130
131
132
133
134

CSI$2
BCC
DIR$
EXIT$S

tCBLK,OUTPUT,tSWTBL ; Expect output file
;
spec
30$
Branch on file spec OK
tTYPE3
Displa~ text for file
Sfjec error
Exit

1~:S5

136
137
138

; Call the appropriate subroutine
MOV

tFDB,RO

MOV

CBLKtC.MKW1,Rl

ASL

Rl.

CALL
BR

@..JMPTBL(R1 )

1~39

140
141
142
143
144
145
146
:1.47
148
149

Addres!:1 of fi Ie
descriptor
Mask value = 0, 1, or 2
Double for wOrd offset
into Jump table
Call the subroutine
Get next command line

Subroutine NONE, entered if no switches specified
NONE:

MOV

tNOTXT,DATA

Set

1!50

for output of

me~Jsa~e

144

File Control Services
SOLUTION

151
152

CALL

1~)3

RETURN

154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161

Call OUTMS,' as a
subroutirle
Return

; ;EX
j jEX
; ;EX

COlTlmon d:ispla~ message code - a subroutinf? since it ; jEX
;; EX
is not a common return r,oint
DurMS:

162

163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201

OUTMS

MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
CHOW$S
RETUF~N

tBUFF,RO
Set UP for $EDMSG
tFMT,Rl
tDATA,R2
$EDMSG
; Edit message
tIO.WVB,t5,tl",,<tBUFF,Rl,t40>
Displa~
; Return

Subroutine DELETE
***WARNING - THE HIGHEST VERSION NUMBER OF THE FILE ***
***WILL BE DELETED IF NO VERSION NUMBER IS SPECIFIED ***
DELETE: MOV
CALL

tDELTXT;DATA
DUTMS

DELET$ tFDB,ERRD
RETURN
Delete err'or code
F.ERR(RO),R5
ERRD:
MOVB
R5,DATA+2
MOV
tDELTXT,DATA
MOV
COMME:

TSTB
BEQ
MOV
BR

IOERR: MOV
DISPER: MOV
MOV
CALL
MOV
DIR$
EXIT$S

Set UP for output of
",essage
; ;EX
Call displc~~
;; EX
subroutine
;; EX
Delete file
Return

sign on error;;EX
and ",()ve to arg block;;EX
~10ve F,ointer to delete;;EX
; ;EX
teld,
F.ERR+l(RO)
Check for directive ;; EX
error or I/O error ; ;EX
IOERR
Branch on I/O erT'C)J' ;;EX
;; EX
tFMTER[I,Rl
Get format string
;; EX
Branch to common
DISPER
error displa~ code ; ;EX
; j EX
Get format string
tFMTERI,Rl
; jEX
tBUFF,I~O
Set UP for $EDMSG
; j EX
tDATA,R2
$EDMSG
Edit message
; H~X
;;EX
Rl,TYPE4+Q.IOPL+2 ; Si::-::f~ of message
Displa~ message
;;EX
tTYF'E4
;;EX
E~·,i t
E~·,tend

Subroutine DISPLY - Just displa~ a message
DISPLY: CALL
MOV
CALL

$SAVAL
tDITXT,DATA

Save all registers
Set UP for output of
message
Branch to common
disF'la~ code

OUTMS

145

File Control Services
SOLUTION
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
2:1.4
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
2~38

239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
1249
250

Of'ENtR
OF'ENtW
MOV

tFIIB"""ERRE
tFIIBO"""ERRE
COPY,R4

Open file for input
Open TI: for output
Number of copies to
R4
MOV
tFIIB,RO
Addr of FIIB of input
file
CALL
.MARK
Save pointers to
first record for
resettin~. Pointers
are returned in Rl,
R2,R3
BCS
ERRE
Branch on error
GET:
GETt
tFIIB
Get record from file
Bes
CHECK
; Branch on error
; Sta~ here if OK ~et - output record to TI:
MOV
F.NRBIICRO),FDBO+F.NRBD ; Move len.th of
record to FDBO
PUT$
Displa~ record at TI:
tFIIBO",ERRE
BR
Get ne~o:t recoT'd
GET
; Errol' code
tIE.EOF,F.ERRCRO) ; Check for EOF
CHECK: CMPB
. ERRE
BNE
Branch if not
Decrement cop~ counter
IIEC
R4
BNE
AGAIN
Branch if more to do
tl,COF'Y
Reset number of copies
MOV
CLOSEt tFIIB,ERRC
Close file
CLOSEt tFDBO,ERRC
Close TI:
RETURN
; °More copies to do - reset pointers to start of input
; file and repeat
AGAIN: CALL
.POINT
; Rl,R2,R3 are still set
BeC
GET
; Displa~ next cop~
; Here for errors on PUTts, GET$s, and .POINTs
ERRE:
MOVB
F.ERRCRO),R5
Extend 5i~n and move
MOV
R5,DATA+2
error code to DATA
MOV
tDITXT,DATA
Move di5pla~ function
for display
Cl.OSEt tFIIB,ERRC
Close files
Cl.OSE$ tFDBO,ERRC
BR
COMME
Branch to common error
code
; Here for errors on close
ERRC:
MOVB
F.ERRCRO),R5
Extend si~n and move
MOV
R5,DATA+2
error code to DATA
MOV
tCLTXT,DATA
Move close text for
JMP

COMME

.END

START

displa~

Jumr to common error
code

146